move + cleanup Useful Formulas section
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@@ -106,6 +106,46 @@ quiz(
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```
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## Useful Formulas
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Sample Mean (sample statistic):
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$\bar{x}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$
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Standard deviation:
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$s=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar{x})^2}{n-1}}$
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Variance:
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$var = s^2$
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Useful probability axioms:
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Complement:
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$\mbox{Pr}(A^c)=1-\mbox{Pr}(A)$
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Probability of two *independent* events both happening:
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Pr(A and B) = Pr(A) $\times$ Pr(B)
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Probability of one of two events happening:
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Pr(A or B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) - Pr(A and B)
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Conditional probability:
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$\mbox{Pr}(A|B)=\frac{\mbox{Pr(A and B)}}{\mbox{Pr(B)}}$
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Population mean (population statistic):
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$\mu = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x\mbox{Pr}(x)$
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Z-score:
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$z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}$
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Standard errors:
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$SE=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$
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$SE_{proportion}=\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}$
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Identifying outliers using Interquartile Range (IRQ):
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$Q_1 - 1.5 \times IQR, \quad Q_3 + 1.5 \times IQR$
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## Section 2: Writing and Debugging R Code
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### Debugging a Function
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@@ -506,37 +546,6 @@ quiz(
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## Useful Formulas
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Sample Mean (sample statistic):
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$\bar{x}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$ |
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Standard deviation:
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$s=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar{x})^2}{n-1}}$ |
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Variance:
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$var = s^2$
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Useful probability axioms:
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$\mbox{Pr}(A^c)=1-\mbox{Pr}(A)$ | Pr(A and B) = Pr(A) $\times$ Pr(B) | Pr(A or B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) - Pr(A and B)
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$\mbox{Pr}(A|B)=\frac{\mbox{Pr(A and B)}}{\mbox{Pr(B)}}$\\
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Population mean (population statistic):
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$\mu = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x\mbox{Pr}(x)$
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Z-score:
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$z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}$
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$x=\mu + z\sigma$\\
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$\mbox{P}(x)=\frac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}p^x(1-p)^{n-x}$
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~for~ $x=0,1,2,...,n$
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$\mu=np$, $\sigma=\sqrt{np(1-p)}$\\
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$\sigma_{\bar{x}}=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$
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$\sigma_{\hat{p}}=\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}$
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$Q_1 - 1.5 \times IQR, \quad Q_3 + 1.5 \times IQR$
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