duplicate_id,bibtype,title,abstract,doi
1001,Article,STUDIES OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND FLOSS YIELD OF COMMON MILKWEED   (ASCLEPIAS-SYRIACA L) IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN,"Studies made Sept. 15 to Nov. 6, 1943, in a 12-county area in northern   Michigan showed the factors most strongly influencing the stand density   and pod yield of common milkweed, A. syriaca, to be degree of   competition from quackgrass or bluegrass; shading in and adjacent to   wooded areas; and the time and intensity of cultivation in cropland   areas. Within wide limits topography and soil type, texture, and   fertility seemed to be of minor importance, although milkweed appeared   to grow best on well drained lighter soils of average to high fertility   and was never found on poorly drained or highly acid soils. Milkweed   appeared to find its most favorable environment on recently abandoned   row-crop land and on recently cut-over stump land in situations where a   sod of quackgrass or bluegrass had not been established. In Emmet   County, probably the most densely infested county in the U. S., milkweed   occupied 9.8\\% of the cultivated land, 12\\% of the pasture and abandoned   crop land, and 2.5\\% of the hay meadow or mow-land, or an average of   8.4\\% of all cleared land. Milkweed occupied only 0.16\\% of the   forest-covered land.",10.2307/1932896
1002,Article,"FOSS,LUKAS - `PARABLE OF DEATH' - COMMENTS ON STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE",NA,NA
1003,Article,RAPID-DETERMINATION OF CARCASS FAT BY FOSS-LET SPECIFIC GRAVITY   TECHNIQUE,"Carcass fat {[}mouse] was determined by extraction with   tetrachloroethylene and measurement of the solvent''s change in density.   The results were comparable in precision to those of a reference method;   the new method extracted storage lipid but little structural lipid. The   technique is simple, rapid and appropriate for many nutritional studies.",10.1079/BJN19760110
1004,Article,Children in {Traffic} {Accidents}: {What} {Does} the {Research} {Tell} {Us}?,"It is noted that children, who make up a large proportion of cyclists \\& pedestrians in Norway, pay a disproportionate part of accident costs of motor traffic. It is also noted that while accident risk for adults has decreased since 1960, it has increased for children. It is concluded that remedial actions have favored the safety of motorists over that of children. Possible causes for this imbalance include: a M majority in political \\& administrative organizations, the favoring of motor traffic in road planning, \\& strong motor organizations as opposed to weak child protection, pedestrian, \\& cyclist organizations. A change of course in traffic safety research financed by the Ministry of Communications during 1974-1981 to include greater concentration on different population groups is advocated. 1 Table, 8 Figures, 72 References. Modified HA.",NA
1006,Article,"THE SOLITARINESS OF SELFHOOD, MAGGIE-TULLIVER AND THE FEMALE COMMUNITY   AT ST-OGGS + ELIOT,GEORGE THE `MILL ON THE FLOSS'",NA,10.1080/00138398508690818
1007,Article,We {Entertain} {Ourselves} to {Death}. {Public} {Discourse} in the {Age} of the {Entertainment} {Industry},NA,NA
1008,Article,"Book {Department}: {The} {O}.{S}.{S}. in {Italy}, 1942-1945","Martin Wolfe reviews ""The O.S.S.  in Italy, 1942-1945:  A Personal Memoir,"" by Max Corvo.",NA
1009,Article,EVALUATION OF MILKWEED FLOSS AS AN INSULATIVE FILL MATERIAL,"Milkweed, a perennial plant that can adapt to adverse soil conditions,   is being developed as an alternative crop.  Fiber characterization and   potential market identification are critical to its development.  The   most promising commercial use for milkweed floss is as a loose fill for   jackets and comforters.  The purpose of this research was to evaluate   milkweed floss as an insulative fill material and to compare its   performance to other insulators.  Seven identical jackets were   constructed using different fill materials matched on a per unit weight   basis.  The insulation (clo) values for the jackets were measured using   a standing, heated manikin in an environmental chamber.  Thickness   (loft), compression, resiliency, and hand were also measured.  Several   performance characteristics were evaluated before and after cleaning.    The results show that milkweed floss blended with down has insulative   properties similar to down.  Down is superior to milkweed floss in   loftiness and compressibility, which influence product performance, but   the properties of milkweed floss can be enhanced by blending with down.",10.1177/004051759106100403
1010,Article,THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION ANALYSIS OF MILKWEED FLOSS,"The thermal analysis of milkweed and several individual commercial   materials of similar chemical composition has been carried out. By   combining a two-stage thermal process (pyrolysis-combustion) with a   thermogravimetric analyzer and a Fourier transform infrared   spectrometer, it has been possible to identify the major organic   volatile products of pyrolysis and to correlate gas evolution with the   decomposition of the individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose and   lignin) of the floss. During pyrolysis, acetic acid, formic acid and   methanol are formed in addition to CO2 and H2O. The data also show that   pyrolytic decomposition of the three chemical constituents of milkweed   occur without any apparent synergistic interaction. The combustion of   milkweed produced CO2 and H2O, as expected, but the removal of the waxy   coating from the fibers results in an increased susceptibility to   combustion. The coating displays no effect on the process of pyrolysis.",10.1016/0165-2370(92)85026-H
1011,InProceedings,Can O.S.S. be repaired? proposal for a new practical signature scheme,"This paper describes a family of new Ong-Schnorr-Shamir-Fiat-Shamir-like [1] identification and signature protocols designed to prevent forgers from using the Pollard-Schnorr attack [2].Our first signature scheme (and its associated identification protocol) uses x, which is secret-free, as a commitment on which k will depend later. Therefore, the original quadratic equation is replaced by x 2 - k(x)y 2 m mod n where k(x) is a non-polynomial function of x and since the Poliard-Schnorr algorithm takes as input value k (to output x and y), it becomes impossible to feed -priori k(x) which is output-dependent.The second signature method takes advantage of the fact that although an attacker can generate valid OSS signatures (solutions {x,y} of x 2 - ky 2 m mod n), he has no control over the internal structure of x and y and in particular, if we restrict the solution space by adding extra conditions on x and y, it becomes very difficult to produce forged solutions that satisfy the new requirements.",NA
1012,Article,"Ecological compensation of the impacts of a road. Preliminary method for   the A50 road link (Eindhoven-Oss, The Netherlands)","After years of efforts to avoid or reduce the impact of infrastructure   projects on nature, the principle of ecological compensation has been   incorporated in Dutch governmental policy. Ecological compensation aims   to recover those ecological functions and natural values that still   remain affected after maximum effort has been made to reduce the impact   of the intervention (mitigation). The accepted aim of current policy is   thus no-net-loss of area and quality by means of mitigative and   compensatory measures. As part sf the planning process for construction   of a stretch of road in The Netherlands, viz,, the A50 road link in the   province of North Brabant, a Nature Compensation Plan (NCP) was required   to be drawn up. This work has recently been completed by the Regional   Directorate of Public Works and Water Management, the initiator of the   intervention. The NCP, initially presented as a Draft Plan, was drawn up   by the Regional Directorate using a preliminary method designed by the   Centre of Environmental Science of Leiden University for deriving   compensatory measures. After an opportunity for public comment, the   Draft Plan was revised to form a Final NCP. This article describes,   firstly, the preliminary method for deriving ecological compensatory   measures. The method starts by quantifying the effects of habitat loss,   habitat disturbance (by changes in noise emissions, in the water table   and in outdoor recreational patterns), barrier action and fauna   casualties. Following mitigation of impacts on nature, compensation for   non-mitigable effects focuses successively on area size, derived from   the impact on breeding birds, and on area quality, derived from the   habitat requirements of the vegetation and fauna groups affected by the   road. Guidelines for identifying appropriate locations for compensation   are also formulated. Secondly, the compensation method is applied to   calculate the mitigative and compensatory measures for the A50   trajectory between Eindhoven and Oss. Thirdly, two comparisons are made:   the Draft NCP is compared with the results of the preliminary method,   and the Draft and the Final NCP are compared with one another in order   to identify the role of the interest groups that played a major role in   commenting on the Draft Plan. Finally, realization of the compensatory   measures and development of the preliminary method itself are discussed.   On the basis of the experience with the A50 case study, a more robust   compensation method for road projects is to be developed.",10.1016/S0925-8574(96)00024-9
1014,InProceedings,Free software products for simulation and design of surface acoustic   wave and surface transverse wave devices,"The paper describes the free distribution of the computer softwares   developed for surface acoustic wave (SAW) and surface transverse wave   (STW) device simulation. The complete sets of the softwares including   mathematical subroutines are distributed in the form of FORTRAN source   codes, where the logs and outputs of the test run as well as the manuals   are also attached. Functions and applications of the softwares are   discussed in detail. Free delivery and maintenance including related   announcements of the software are entirely carried out through Internet.   The registered users may execute, modify, and analyse the softwares for   their computer environment without any prior consultation.",10.1109/FREQ.1996.559871
1015,Article,Maxillary sinus floor elevation for implant placement with demineralized   freeze-dried bone and bovine bone (bio-oss): A clinical study of 20   patients,"The objective of this study was to determine the predictability of   endosseous implants placed in a maxillary sinus grafted with a mixture   of bovine porous bone mineral and demineralized freeze-dried bone. Sixty   implants were placed in 20 patients representing 28 sinuses using either   a one- or two-stage technique. After an implant loading period of more   than 2 years, the survival rate (eg, a clinically functioning implant   without signs of mobility or infection) varied from 90\\% to 96\\%. No   infections or other complications were encountered. The data suggest   that this treatment regimen can result in a high rate of survival.",NA
1016,InProceedings,Megabase sequencing of human genome by ordered shotgun sequencing (OSS)   strategy,"So far we have used OSS strategy to sequence over 2 megabases DNA in   large-insert clones from regions of human X chromosome with different   characteristic levels of GC content. The method starts by randomly   fragmenting a BAG, YAC or PAC to 8-12 kb pieces and subcloning those   into lambda phage. Insert-ends of these clones are sequenced and   overlapped to create a partial map. Complete sequencing is then done on   a minimal tiling path of selected subclones, recursively focusing on   those at the edges of contigs to facilitate mergers of clones across the   entire target. To reduce manual labor, PCR processes have been adapted   to prepare sequencing templates throughout the entire operation. The   streamlined process can thus lend itself to further automation.   The OSS approach is suitable for large-scale genomic sequencing,   providing considerable flexibility in the choice of subclones or regions   for more or less intensive sequencing. For example, subclones containing   contaminating host cell DNA or cloning vector can be recognized and   ignored with minimal sequencing effort; regions overlapping a   neighboring clone already sequenced need not be redone; and segments   containing tandem repeats or long repetitive sequences can be spotted   early on and targeted for additional attention.",10.1117/12.274362
1017,Article,Gregory {Bateson} and the {OSS}: {World} {War} {II} and {Bateson}'s assessment of applied anthropology,This article uses documents released from the Central Intelligence Agency under the Freedom of Information Act to examine Gregory Bateson's work for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II.  The primary document under consideration is a position paper written by Bateson for the OSS in November 1944.,10.17730/humo.57.4.7428246q71t7p612
1020,Article,Histological evaluation of Bio-Oss® in a 2-stage sinus floor elevation   and implantation procedure,"Deproteinized cancellous bovine bone (Bio-Oss(R)) was placed as a   grafting material for sinus floor elevation in the right posterior   maxilla. After 6 months of healing, 3 cylindrical titanium-plasma coated   implants were inserted. Six months later at the abutment connection, it   was realized that 1 of the implants could not be reconstructed due to   unfavorable positioning. This implant was removed along with a small   portion of the surrounding periimplant tissues. The specimen was   processed according to standard techniques for hard tissue histology. In   both the grafted area and the previously existing area of the sinus   floor the bone was primarily of lamellar structure. Intimate contact   between newly formed bone and the particles of the graft was present. No   overt signs of resorption of the graft particles were visible.   Histomorphometric analysis revealed 63\\% of implant-bone contact in the   zone of pre-existing bone, and 73\\% in the grafted zone. The area   density of bone amounted to 27\\% in the non-grafted as compared to 28\\%   in the grafted area. In conclusion, this case report documented that   deproteinized bovine bone, when used as a grafting material for   augmentation of the sinus floor, may lead to proper osseointegration of   a dental implant.",10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090108.x
1021,Article,Bone reactions to anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) used in sinus   augmentation procedures: A histologic long-term report of 20 cases in   humans,"Many materials are used for sinus augmentation procedures. Anorganic   bovine bone (Bio-Oss) has been reported to be osteoconductive, and no   inflammatory responses have been observed with the use of this   biomaterial. One of the main questions pertaining to Bio-Oss concerns   its biodegradation and substitution by host bone. Some investigators   have observed rapid replacement by host bone, while other researchers   observed slow resorptive activity or no resorption at all. The aim of   the present study was to conduct a long-term histologic analysis of   retrieved specimens in humans where Bio-Oss was used in sinus   augmentation procedures. Specimens were retrieved from 20 patients after   varying peri ods from 6 months to 4 years and were processed to obtain   thin ground sections. Bio-Oss particles were surrounded for the most   part by mature, compact bone. In some Haversian canals it was possible   to observe small capillaries, mesenchymal cells, and osteoblasts in   conjunction with new bone. No gaps were present at the interface between   the Bio-Oss particles and newly formed bone, in specimens retrieved   after 18 months and 4 years, it was also possible to observe the   presence of osteoclasts in the process of resorbing the Bio-Oss   particles and neighboring newly formed bone. Bio-Oss appears to be   highly biocompatible and osteoconductive, is slowly resorbed in humans,   and can be used with success as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus   augmentation procedures.",NA
1022,InProceedings,Coordinating Open-Source Software Development,"Open-source software projects are arguably the quintessential example of distributed software development, with their openness to a large pool of world-wide contributors and loose organizational structure. To cope with the demands this openness and fluidity place on the development process, open-source projects have evolved their own methods and organization. This paper looks at the ways some of the major and most successful open-source projects deal with the issue of coordination among their many contributors. Although each of the projects examined here developed some unique practices, there are also significant commonalities. The paper then goes on to indicate some of the problems caused by the existing practices, and put forward some possible approaches to OSS coordination that could make open-source software development more efficient.",NA
1023,Article,Free software needs profit,"On its own, open-source software lacks essential ingredients for mainstream adoption.  Commercial businesses tied to open-source packages provide these ingredients and help drive open-source packages into the mainstream.  At the same time, they provide additional resources for developing the free components of the software.  The most successful open-source packages fill a much broader need that goes beyond the core community of sophisticated programmers.  The most important property of open-source software is that it fosters the development of new technologies.",NA
1025,Article,Open source software and software patents: {A} constitutional perspective,"Imagine if each square of pavement on the sidewalk had an owner, and pedestrians required a license to step on it. Imagine the negotiations necessary to walk an entire block under this system. That is what writing a program will be like if software patents continue. The sparks of creativity and individualism that have driven the computer revolution will be snuffed out. Imagine if each square of pavement on the sidewalk had an owner, and pedestrians required a license to step on it. Imagine the negotiations necessary to walk an entire block under this system. That is what writing a program will be like if software patents continue. The sparks of creativity and individualism that have driven the computer revolution will be snuffed out.--Richard Stallman and Simson Garfinkel (1992)This article highlights the vulnerability of the open source software movement to patent infringement lawsuits. With the number of patents on software algorithms predicted to exceed 100,000 this year, it is now virtually impossible to write any computer program, however trivial, that does not violate one or more patents. This paper argues that this situation is not only ludicrous, but it is contrary to any reasonable reading of the Constitution's intentions with respect to the protection of intellectual property. In addition, the patentability of software algorithms stems from the U.S. Supreme Court's failure to grasp one of the most fundamental concepts of computer science. From this error stems a long, dysfunctional chain of legal reasoning and patent policies, the effect of which has been to transform the mental reasoning processes, abstract knowledge, and scientific truths of computing into patentable subject matter. The result poses a potentially catastrophic threat not only to the open source software movement and the emerging industry of electronic commerce, but more fundamentally, to the very existence of the sciences of computing, without which further U.S. technological leadership will be impossible to sustain.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-999-1029-x
1027,Article,Process control for error-free software: A software success story,"Focus Experience Report: Process Control for Error-Free Software: A   Software Success Story, by Buford D. Tackett and Buddy Van Doren, pp.   24-29. The State-Based Process was created to develop an automated,   mission-critical missile warning system for the North Atlantic Aerospace   Defense Command. The project team worked in the shadow of a   quintessential ``runaway{''} project that was \\$1 billion over budget   and a decade behind schedule. Amazingly, the authors delivered a robust   system that was on time and within budget, was virtually error-free, and   met all the customer requirements.",10.1109/52.765783
1029,Article,Setting up shop: {The} business of open-source software,Here's how an open-source development model can help commercial software companies overcome many of the challenges they face in growing their business.,10.1109/52.744568
1030,InProceedings,Teaching real time OSs with DORITOS,"We are developing a teaching package that can be used in a college   course that would fill a gap among current science majors and teach   senior-level undergraduate students theory and practice of real-time   operating systems, including their requirements, characteristics,   internals, and specification. This course has two components: (1) a   theoretical part, and (2) a practical hands-on implementation component   achieved with DORITOS (Distributed Object-Based Real-time InsTructional   Operating System) as the implementation environment. DORITOS' design is   based on UC-Berkeley's NACHOS. The DORITOS package will be distributed   with DKaffe (a modified version of Kaffe JVM) and a basic system which   allows students to run simple threads.   In this paper, we focus on the practical, hands-on system that allows   students to learn the internals of a Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS).   Throughout the term, assignments require students to use and modify   DORITOS to implement real-time elements as well as to analyze the   performance of implemented algorithms.",10.1145/299649.299685
1032,Article,Acid-base surface free energies of solids and the definition of scales   in the Good-van Oss-Chaudhury theory,"The overwhelming basicity of all analysed surfaces strongly dependent on   the choice of liquid triplet used for contact angle measurements and the   negative values sometimes obtained for the square roots of the acid-base   parameters can be summarized as the main problems arising from the   application of the Good-van Oss-Chaudhury (GvOC) theory to the   calculation of Lewis acid-base properties of polymer surfaces from   contact angle data. This paper tries to account for these problems,   namely: (1) the Lewis base, or electron donor component, is much greater   than the Lewis acid or electron-acceptor component because of the   reference values for water chosen in the original GvOC theory. A direct   comparison of the acidic component with the basic one of the same   materials has no meaning. A new reference scale for water which is able   to overcome this problem is suggested. For the calculation of acid-base   components, a best-fit approach is proposed which does not require any   starting information about the liquids or polymers and can yield   estimates of the acid-base parameters for both the liquids and the   polymers involved; (2) the strong dependence of the value of the   acid-base components on the three liquids employed is due to   ill-conditioning of the related set of equations, an intrinsic and   purely mathematical feature which cannot be completely cured by any   realistic improvement in experimental accuracy. To reduce or eliminate   the effect, one only needs a proper set of liquids, representative of   all kinds of different solvents: (3) the negative coefficients appear as   a simple consequence of measurement uncertainty, combined with the   possible ill-conditioning of the equation set. We cannot exclude,   however, that in some cases they could have a different origin.",10.1163/156856100742546
1033,InProceedings,An interactive environment for solid modeling based on free software,"This paper describes an interactive environment built entirely upon   public domain or free software, intended to be used as the preprocessor   of a finite element package for the simulation of three-dimensional   electromagnetic problems.",NA
1034,InProceedings,Architectural Repair of Open Source Software,"As a software system evolves, its architecture will drift. System changes are often done without considering their effects on the system structure. These changes often introduce structural anomalies between the concrete (as-built) and the conceptual (as-designed) architecture, which can impede program understanding. The problem of architectural drift is especially pronounced in open source systems, where many developers work in isolation on distinct features with little co-ordination. In this paper, we present our experiences with repairing the architectures of two large open source systems (the Linux operating system kernel and the VIM text editor) to aid program understanding. For both systems, we were successful in removing many structural anomalies from their architectures.",NA
1035,InProceedings,Architectural repair of open source software,"As a software system evolves, its architecture will drift. System   changes are often done without considering their effects on the system   structure. These changes often introduce structural anomalies between   the concrete (as-built) and the conceptual (as-designed) architecture   which can impede program understanding. The problem of architectural   drift is especially pronounced in open source systems, where many   developers work in isolation on distinct features with little   co-ordination. In this paper we present our experiences with repairing   the architectures of two large open source systems (the Linux operating   system kernel and the VIM text editor) to aid program understanding. For   both systems, we were successful in removing many structural anomalies   from their architectures.",10.1109/WPC.2000.852479
1037,InProceedings,Collaboration with Lean Media: how open-source software succeeds,"Open-source software, usually created by volunteer programmers dispersed worldwide, now competes with that developed by software firms. This achievement is particularly impressive as open-source programmers rarely meet. They rely heavily on electronic media, which preclude the benefits of face-to-face contact that programmers enjoy within firms. In this paper, we describe findings that address this paradox based on observation, interviews and quantitative analyses of two open-source projects. The findings suggest that spontaneous work coordinated afterward is effective, rational organizational culture helps achieve agreement among members and communications media moderately support spontaneous work. These findings can imply a new model of dispersed collaboration.",10.1145/358916.359004
1038,Article,Dental floss ingestion requiring endoscopic retrieval,We report an unusual case of a toddler who ingested dental floss and who   subsequently was intubated in a community ED prior to transfer to our   pediatric tertiary care center for endoscopic removal of the foreign   body.,10.1097/00006565-200010000-00008
1039,InProceedings,Evolution in Open Source Software: A Case Study,"Most studies of software evolution have been performed on systems developed within a single company using traditional management techniques. With the widespread availability of several large software systems that have been developed using an open source development approach, we now have a chance to examine these systems in detail, and see if their evolutionary narratives are significantly different from commercially developed systems. This paper summarizes our preliminary investigations into the evolution of the best known open source system: the Linux operating system kernel. Because Linux is large (over two million lines of code in the most recent version) and because its development model is not as tightly planned and managed as most industrial software processes, we had expected to find that Linux was growing more slowly as it got bigger and more complex. Instead, we have found that Linux has been growing at a super-linear rate for several years. In this paper, we explore the evolution of the Linux kernel both at the system level and within the major subsystems, and we discuss why we think Linux continues to exhibit such strong growth.",NA
1040,InProceedings,Evolution in open source software: A case study,"Most studies of software evolution have been performed on systems   developed within a single company using traditional management   techniques. With the widespread availability of several large software   systems that have been developed using an ``open source{''} development   approach, we now have a chance to examine these systems in detail, and   see if their evolutionary narratives are significantly different from   commercially developed systems. This paper summarizes our preliminary   investigations into the evolution of the best known open source system:   the Linux operating system kernel. Because Linux is large (over two   million lines of code in the most recent version) and because its   development model is not as tightly planned and managed as most   industrial software processes, we had expected to find that Linux was   growing more slowly as it got bigger and more complex. Instead, we have   found that Linux has been growing at a super-linear rate for several   years. In this paper; we explore the evolution of the Linux kernel both   at the system level and within the major subsystems, and we discuss why   we think Linux continues to exhibit such strong growth.",NA
1041,Article,Maxillary sinus augmentation using xenogenic bone substitute material   Bio-Oss® in combination with venous blood -: A histologic and   histomorphometric study in humans,"The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone formation following   maxillary sinus augmentation using bovine bone substitute material   Bio-Oss(R) in combination with venous blood by means of histologic and   histomorphometric examination of human biopsies. This involved a total   of 15 sinus floor elevation procedures being carried out on 11 patients   (average age of 49.6 years) according to the technique described by   Tatum (1986). The subantral sinus cavity was augmented using bovine   apatite combined with venous blood. After an average healing phase of   6.8 months, trephine burrs were used to take 22 bone biopsies from the   augmented sinus region. Then 38 Branemark(R) implants were inserted in   both the osteotomies resulting from bone sampling and in regular sites   in the augmented posterior maxilla. Histomorphometric analysis of ground   sections from the bone biopsies prepared according to the standard   method of Donath \\& Breuner (1982) produced an average percentage of   newly-formed bone of 14.7\\% (+/-5.0\\%) and a proportion of residual   xenogenic bone substitute material of 29.7\\% (+/-7.8\\%). Some 29.1\\%   (+/-8.1\\%) of the surface of the Bio-Oss(R) granulate was in direct   contact with newly-formed bone. Histologically, newly-developed bone   became evident, partly invaginating the particles of apatite and forming   bridges in the form of trabeculae between the individual Bio-Oss(R)   particles. Despite the absence of osteoclastic activity, the inward   growth of bone indicates slow resorption of the xenogenic bone graft   material. When the implants were uncovered, after an average healing   phase of 6 months, 4 of the 38 implants had become loose. Of these 4   implants, 1 had to be subsequently explanted, while the others remained   as ``sleeping implants{''} and were not included in the implants   superstructure. Thus, the resulting clinical survival rate, prior to   prosthetic loading, was 89.5\\%.",10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011003217.x
1042,InProceedings,"QccPack: An Open-Source Software Library for Quantization, Compression, and Coding","We describe the QccPack software package, an open-source collection of library routines and utility programs for quantization, compression, and coding of data. QccPack is being written to expedite data-compression research and development by providing general and reliable implementations of common compression techniques.Functionality of the current release includes entropy coding, scalar quantization, vector quantization, adaptive vector quantization, wavelet transforms and subband coding, error-correcting codes, image-processing support, and general vector-math, matrix-math, file-I/O, and error-message routines.All QccPack functionality is accessible via library calls; additionally, many utility programs provide command-line access. The majority of the QccPack software package, downloadable free of charge from the QccPack Web page, is published under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Library General Public License which guarantee source-code access to anyone and as well as allow redistribution and modification. Exceptions to this open licensing strategy are made for certain patented algorithms; in these cases, only non-commercial use is permitted.",NA
1043,InProceedings,"QccPack: An open-source software library for quantization, compression,   and coding","We describe the QccPack software package, an open-source collection of   library routines and utility programs for quantization, compression, and   coding of data. QccPack is being written to expedite data-compression   research and development by providing general and reliable   implementations of common compression techniques. Functionality of the   current release includes entropy coding, scalar quantization, vector   quantization, adaptive vector quantization, wavelet transforms and   subband coding, error-correcting codes, image-processing support, and   general vector-math, matrix-math, file-I/O, and error-message routines.   All QccPack functionality is accessible via library calls; additionally,   many utility programs provide command-line access. The QccPack software   package, downloadable free of charge from the QccPack Web page, is   published under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU   Library General Public License which guarantee source-code access and as   well as allow redistribution and modification. Additionally, there exist   optional modules that implement certain patented algorithms. These   modules are downloadable separately and are typically issued under   licenses that permit only non-commercial use.",10.1117/12.411554
1044,InProceedings,Restructuring PITTMed Curriculum Online (PCO): A participatory   design/open source software approach,"In this presentation, I will demonstrate a web-based curriculum resource   for medical education and explain how its design and development have   been affected by the intersection of two major developments: (1) open   source software and the internet-based open source community and (2)   growing student and faculty interest in and knowledge of the web as an   educational resource. I will also trace the links between our project   and an earlier version and situate the project in its curricular,   technical, institutional, and social contexts. Finally, I will consider   the effect team members' multidisciplinary backgrounds and curricular   and institutional roles and interests have on the design process.",NA
1045,InProceedings,Teaching computer networking using open source software,"For the past seven years we have taught a subject entitled Network   Software and Management (NSM) for both computer science and electrical   engineering students. We discuss the evolution of this subject syllabus   in response to the changing requirements of the workplace environment,   ever improving technology and the need to combine theory and practice in   teaching subjects such as this. We used open source software exclusively   in our laboratory exercises and we provide the rationale behind our   choice of specific software packages.",NA
1046,InProceedings,Teaching computer networking using open source software,"For the past seven years we have taught a subject entitled Network Software and Management (NSM) for both computer science and electrical engineering students. We discuss the evolution of this subject syllabus in response to the changing requirements of the workplace environment, ever improving technology and the need to combine theory and practice in teaching subjects such as this. We used open source software exclusively in our laboratory exercises and we provide the rationale behind our choice of specific software packages.",10.1145/343048.343056
1047,InProceedings,The use of open source software for SOFIA's airborne data system,"The SOFIA data system must meet numerous technical and organizational   objectives, including widely available distribution to support   integration and testing at users' institutions. As with all professional   data system software development, a wide range of sophisticated   development tools are required. With open source software now widely   available, it is possible to build an advanced Unix-based development   environment taking full advantage of freely available tools. This paper   analyzes advantages and disadvantages of this approach, the selection   processes used, and the list of tools selected to date for the SOFIA   development effort.",10.1117/12.388387
1048,InProceedings,Whither Generic Recovery from Application Faults? A Fault Study using Open-Source Software,"This paper tests the hypothesis that generic recovery techniques, such as process pairs, can survive most application faults without using application-specific information. We examine in detail the faults that occur in three, large, open-source applications: the Apache web server, the GNOME desktop environment, and the MySQL database. Using information contained in the bug reports and source code, we classify faults based on how they depend on the operating environment. We find that 72-87% of the faults are independent of the operating environment and are hence deterministic (non-transient). Recovering from the failures caused by these faults requires the use of application-specific knowledge. Half of the remaining faults depend on a condition in the operating environment that is likely to persist on retry, and the failures caused by these faults are likely to require application-specific recovery. Unfortunately, only 5-14% of the faults were triggered by transient conditions, such as timing and synchronization that naturally fix them during recovery. Our results indicate that classical application-generic recovery techniques, such as process pairs, will not be sufficient to enable applications to survive most failures caused by application faults.",NA
1050,InProceedings,Whither generic recovery from application faults? A fault study using   open-source software,"This paper tests the hypothesis that generic recovery techniques, such   as process pairs, can survive most application faults without using   application-specific information. We examine in detail the faults that   occur in three, large, open-source applications: the Apache web server,   the GNOME desktop environment, and the MySQL database. Using information   contained in the bug reports and source code, we classify faults based   on how they depend on the operating environment. We find that 72-87\\% of   the faults are independent of the operating environment and are hence   deterministic (non-transient). Recovering from the failures caused by   these faults requires the use Of application-specific knowledge. Half of   the remaining faults depend on a condition in the operating environment   that is likely to persist on retry, and the failures caused by these   faults are also likely to require application-specific recovery.   Unfortunately, only 5-14\\% of the faults were triggered by transient   conditions, such as timing and synchronization, that naturally fix   themselves during recovery. Our results indicate that classical   application-generic recovery techniques, such as process pairs, will not   be sufficient to enable applications to survive most failures caused by   application faults.",10.1109/ICDSN.2000.857521
1052,InProceedings,A Beamline Matching application based on open source software,"An interactive Beamline Matching application has been developed using   beamline and automatic differentiation class libraries. Various freely   available components were used; in particular, the user interface is   based on FLTK, a C++ toolkit distributed under the terms of the GNU   Public License (GPL). The result is an application that compiles without   modifications under both X-Windows and Win32 and offers the same look   and feel under both operating environments. In this paper, we discuss   some of the practical issues that were confronted and the choices that   were made. In particular, we discuss object-based event propagation   mechanisms, multithreading, language mixing and persistence.",NA
1053,Article,Assessment and development of organizational ability: The Rey Complex   Figure Organizational Strategy Score (RCF-OSS),"The Rey Complex Figure Organizational Strategy Score (RCF-OSS) was   devised for pediatric populations to cater for developmental   variability. A sample consisting of 376 children aged between 7.0 and   13.11 years was recruited for the standardization of RCF-OSS. The   interrater reliability (.85 to .92) and temporal stability (.79 to .94)   of the RCF-OSS are acceptable. RCF-OSS correlated moderately with RCF   accuracy memory and organization, however it seems to be measuring an   independent aspect of performance, possibly strategy. Moderate Linear   relationships were observed with executive function and memory measures.   Considerable age-related variation in strategy formation was observed   with significant maturity occurring between the ages of 7 years and 11   years. Surprisingly, older children used fragmented strategies more than   the younger age groups. In conclusion, the RCF-OSS is a useful adjunct   to traditional accuracy scoring procedures, and the normative data   indicates that organizational skills may not consolidate until middle to   late adolescence.",10.1076/clin.15.1.81.1905
1054,Article,De-{Commodifying} {Software}? {Open} {Source} {Software} between {Business} {Strategy} and {Social} {Movement},"Focusing on open source software the origin, development, \\& organization of a process of de-commodification is examined in an industry that relies on strong provisions to protect intellectual property. Open source denotes a cooperative \\& voluntary mode of software development cross-cutting organizational boundaries \\& transcending relations of market exchange. Starting with the Open Systems Movement in the late 1970s, which was driven by business strategic \\& industrial policy interests \\& complemented by a spirit of mutual support in professional communities, a social movement type of collective action has emerged which develops knowledge as a public good. Competent communities share the norms of the hacker culture \\& cooperate in informal relations challenging the boundaries between private \\& public goods. But the open source idea has also been transformed into a business strategy by companies who provide basic software products for free \\& make money with complementary products \\& services. 52 References. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1055,InProceedings,FRPs and FOSs lead to innovation in Canadian civil engineering   structures,"Modem and innovative technologies, developed as part of ISIS Canada   activities, are described; these technologies involve new building   materials, comprising polymers and super-strong fibres, and innovative   sensors incorporating fibre optics. It is argued that the ISIS   technologies will pave the way to innovation as well as for   rehabilitating and rejuvenating Canada's aging and fast-crumbling   infrastructure in a cost-effective manner. This paper chronicles the   latest developments of ISIS technologies.",NA
1056,InProceedings,Fiber optic sensor system (FOSS) for filament-wound gas cylinders,"Filament-wound composite cylinders are used in the marine and   transportation industries for storing breathing gases (SCUBA,   firefighter tanks) and gaseous fuels (vehicles). These cylinders offer   light weight, corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, and the   ability to store more air than equivalent metal tanks. The design   methodology currently used for composite tanks, however, cannot yet   guarantee their safe operation. Accordingly, the U.S. Department of   Transportation (DOT) is unable to issue full certification of   filament-wound tanks. Rather, some types of composite pressure tanks   currently are manufactured under DOT Exemption, TC Regulation 3FCM. The   composite tank industry would benefit by improving the safety of   operating these tanks.   The interest in developing composite pressure tanks is here and the   manufacturing technology is mature. What is needed, however, is a means   of insuring that composite tanks are as safe to operate as metal tanks.   This will facilitate DOT certification and appeal to consumers. This   paper discusses a fiber optic sensor system embedded into the composite   shell wall as a structural health monitor. Using a simple, low-cost   optical fiber sensor and a modified commercial connector, ``smart{''}   tanks can be monitored continuously for structural integrity. The   opportunity to provide such continuity in structural health monitoring   should have a significant positive impact on obtaining DOT   certifications and extending product useful life.   This paper presents the results of a design program to develop a new   filament-wound composite cylinder containing a fiber-optic sensor system   (FOSS). The purpose of FOSS is to monitor the structural integrity of   the composite material each time the tank is refilled with pressurized   gas. Continuous monitoring for material degradation will be an important   factor that determines tank recertification intervals and useful tank   life.   One of the greatest challenges of this design program has been to   develop an optical connector that allows external instrumentation to be   ``plugged into{''} the composite wall to read optical signals that   correlate with structural health. ``While embedding fiber sensors has   become routine, ingress to and egress from the embedded units remain a   major stumbling block{''} (Spillman, 1995). A simple modification to a   commercial connector is proposed for this application.   The design and manufacture of the prototype FOSS cylinder shown in   Figure 1 are described in this paper. Connector performance and the   overall performance of a prototype Type III tank consisting of an   aluminum liner, an E-glass/epoxy filament-wound overwrap, and an   embedded FOSS are discussed. Results of a pressure test to assess FOSS   performance are presented.",NA
1057,Article,Gliding capacity of different dental flosses,"Background: One of the major concerns with the use of dental floss is   the passage of the proximal contact, which might be influenced by the   material characteristics of the floss. The aim of this study was to   compare the gliding capacities of different flosses with major   differences in structure and experimental behavior in vivo.   Methods: In a clinical, single-blind, crossover study of 27 subjects,   the forces necessary for passing all 14 proximal contacts between the   first premolars were measured using 2 polytetrafluoroethylene   (PTFE)-based flosses, 2 nylon-based flosses, and 1 nylon-based tape. The   flosses were fixed in a special holder with strain gauges, which allowed   registration of the maximum forces at insertion into and removal from   the interdental area.   Results: In most contacts, the PTFE flosses needed less force compared   to the nylon flosses. The range between the flosses was higher in the   mandible compared to the maxilla and increased from the mesially located   contacts to the more distally located contacts. The nylon tape required   higher forces at insertion for all maxillary contacts. All other flosses   proved to be equivalent at these contacts.   Conclusions: PTFE flosses are superior to nylon flosses in terms of   passing stronger proximal contacts in both directions. Due to gliding   differences between different types of floss, the selection of a floss   has the potential of compensating intra- and interindividual variation   in contact strengths.",10.1902/jop.2001.72.5.672
1058,InProceedings,"Growth, evolution, and structural change in open source software","Our recent work has addressed how and why software systems evolve over time, with a particular emphasis on software architecture and open source software systems [2, 3, 6]. In this position paper, we present a short summary of two recent projects.First, we have performed a case study on the evolution of the Linux kernel [3], as well as some other open source software (OSS) systems. We have found that several OSS systems appear not to obey some of ""Lehman's laws"" of software evolution [5, 7], and that Linux in particular is continuing to grow at a geometric rate. Currently, we are working on a detailed study of the evolution of one of the subsystems of the Linux kernel: the SCSI drivers subsystem. We have found that cloning, which is usually considered to be an indicator of lazy development and poor process, is quite common and is even considered to be a useful practice.Second, we are developing a tool called Beagle to aid software maintainers in understanding how large systems have changed over time. Beagle integrates data from various static analysis and metrics tools and provides a query engine as well as navigable visualizations. Of particular note, Beagle aims to provide help in modelling long term evolution of systems that have undergone architectural and structural change.",10.1145/602461.602482
1059,Article,Innovation by user communities: Learning from open-source software,Creating complex products with limited manufacturer involvement is a   growing phenomenon occurring in markets as diverse as windsurfing gear   and open-source software.,NA
1061,Article,Legal implications of open-source software,"The proliferation of computer technology and the advent of the Internet   have created many new relationships and problems that raise questions   about traditional legal and economic principles. The development of   ``open-source{''} or ``free{''} software is an example of this   phenomenon. Unlike the traditional producers of computer software -   Microsoft for example - open-source software is often developed by   computer programmers from all over the world, each submitting   contributions to the code, and distributed without charge or for a   minimal fee. Open-source software is generally passed from programmer to   programmer, with the understanding that improvements may be made, but   that the improvements must be distributed freely, without any attempt to   ``privatize{''} the program.   The existence of such relationships among programmers raise several   interesting questions. First, how do large-scale open-source projects   come into being? One open-source project, the GNU/Linux operating   system, even threatens the market share of Microsoft's operating systems   - a feat that calls traditional economic theories on the operation of   the firm into question. A more important question is whether the   open-source model is sustainable and generalizable. Ultimately, one   wonders what role the law will play in the open-source community - a   community that seems to operate in the absence of traditional legal   principles.   In this article, which was introduced at the University of Illinois   College of Law Symposium on Intellectual Property Challenges in the Next   Century, Professor McGowan addresses these questions. Using the   GNU/Linux operating system as a case study, he probes the organization   of the open-source community and the philosophies of its leading members   in order to understand how traditional firm models, intellectual   property, and contract law might apply. Professor McCowan concludes by   reviewing recent attempts by courts to impose traditional principles in   computer software transaction disputes. Ultimately, it appears that the   open-source community cannot be neatly categorized. Although many   traditional firm theories - such as the formation of a hierarchy - and   legal principles - such as copyright - do apply to the open-source   model, these theories and principles are employed in creative ways not   previously envisioned.",NA
1063,Article,Open source software adoption: A status report,"Because of many misgivings and myths regarding open source's state of   maturity, organizations often struggle to make informed software   adoption decisions. The authors systematically apply a generally   accepted set of requirements-oriented criteria to a representative set   of open source software. Their approach and the data they collected   offer a practical roadmap to navigating this new landscape.",10.1109/52.914753
1065,Article,Open-source software development and distributed innovation,"Open-source software development is a production model that exploits the   distributed intelligence of participants in Internet communities. This   model is efficient because of two related reasons: it avoids the   inefficiencies of a strong intellectual property regime and it   implements concurrently design and testing of software modules. The   hazard of open source is that projects can `fork' into competing   versions. However, open-source communities consist of governance   structures that constitutionally minimize this danger. Because open   source works in a distributed environment, it presents an opportunity   for developing countries to participate in frontier innovation.",10.1093/oxrep/17.2.248
1067,Article,Sinus floor elevation using a bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) with or   without the concomitant use of a bilayered collagen barrier (Bio-Gide):   A clinical report of immediate and delayed implant placement,"Xenografts have been used extensively, either alone or in combination   with autogenous bone, in sinus floor elevation techniques. However,   controversy exists regarding the need to cover the lateral osteotomy   site with a membrane. Also, the healing period before loading remains   undefined when machined-surface implants are placed. Twenty-nine   patients showing reduced bone volume in the posterior maxilla had 61   Branemark System implants placed in 30 sinuses augmented with a lateral   osteotomy approach. Sinuses grafted with Bio-Oss and covered with a   collagen membrane Bio-Gide (M+) received 29 implants, while grafted but   uncovered sites (M-) received 32 implants. An immediate procedure was   followed to place 41 implants and a staged procedure was used for 20   implants, Abutment connection was made in 2 distinct postoperative   periods: 6 to 9 months and over 9 months. The patients were followed for   an average of 22.4 months. The survival rate of the implants was   dependent on the postoperative healing time and membrane presence. In   case of the immediate procedure and in M- sites, when residual bone   height was less than 5 mm, more failures occurred when the loading was   done at 6 to 9 months than after 9 months. No failures occurred in the   M- series when a staged approach was followed. The overall survival rate   was 78.1\\% for the M- sites and 93.1\\% for the M+ sites. No failures   occurred (0/35) in the control implants placed in adjacent native bone.   Implant survival rate was related to the quality of the reconstructed   cortical plate and to implant length. The concomitant use of a collagen   barrier to cover the osteotomy site, when machined-surface implants were   used in sinus grafting, seemed to improve the quality of the graft   healing and survival rate of the implants loaded between 6 and 9 months   after placement.",NA
1068,InProceedings,Space mechanics tools:: Rethinking flight dynamics tools with open   source software,"In the very competitive environment of the space industry, the question   of developing or buying flight dynamics tools is more up-to-date than   ever before. Although not always based on cost, its answer can be   influenced by the possibility of using open source software (OSS) to   develop more quickly the parts of the tools which are not specific to   flight dynamics like graphical user interfaces, visualization tools...   This paper presents how this approach was used to develop Space   Mechanics Tools (SMT), a flight dynamics software used in the Mission   Analysis Department of Alcatel Space.",NA
1069,Article,Striking a balance between trust anti control in a virtual organization:   a content analysis of open source software case studies,"Many organization theorists have predicted the emergence of the   networked or virtual firm as a model for the design of future   organizations. Researchers have also emphasized the importance of trust   as a necessary condition for ensuring the success of virtual   organizations. This paper examines the open source software (OSS)   `movement' as an example of a virtual organization and proposes a model   that runs contrary to the belief that trust is critical for virtual   organizations. Instead, I argue that various control mechanisms can   ensure the effective performance of autonomous agents who participate in   virtual organizations. Borrowing from the theory of the   `McDonaldization' of society, I argue that, given a set of practices to   ensure the control, efficiency, predictability and calculability of   processes and outcomes in virtual organizations, effective performance   may occur in the absence of trust. As support for my argument, I employ   content analysis to examine a set of published case studies of OSS   projects. My results show that, although that trust is rarely mentioned,   ensuring control is an important criterion for effective performance   within OSS projects. The case studies feature few references to other   dimensions of `McDonaldization' (efficiency, predictability and   calculability), however, and I conclude that the OSS movement relies on   many other forms of social control and self-control, which are often   unacknowledged in OSS projects. Through these implicit forms of control,   OSS projects are able to secure the cooperation of the autonomous agents   that participate in project teams. I conclude by extrapolating from   these case studies to other virtual organizations.",10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00108.x
1071,InProceedings,Sustainable open source software business models,NA,NA
1072,InProceedings,TeleMedMail: Free software to facilitate telemedicine in developing   countries,"Telemedicine offers the potential to alleviate the severe shortage of   medical specialists in developing countries. However lack of equipment   and poor network connections usually rule out video-conferencing   systems. This paper describes a software application to facilitate   store-and-forward telemedicine by email of images from digital cameras.   TeleMedMail is written in Java and allows structured text entry, image   processing, image and data compression, and data encryption. The design,   implementation, and initial evaluation are described.",NA
1073,InProceedings,Thoughts on Studying Open Source Software Communities,NA,NA
1074,InProceedings,Thoughts on studying open source software communities,"This speculative paper offers a preliminary, discussion of the academic   study of open source software (OSS) communities. The paper includes (1)   a description of the general growth of OSS research, (2) the argument   that an understanding of OSS communities is critical to understanding   OSS, (3) a review of the research to date which approaches OSS from a   social or ethnographic viewpoint, and (4) an examination of one of the   key issues to be addressed in future research on the subject.",NA
1075,InProceedings,Usability and open-source software development,Open-source is becoming an increasingly popular software development method. This paper reports a usability study of the open-source Greenstone Digital Library collection-building software. The problems highlighted by the study are analysed to identify their likely source within the social context of Greenstone's development environment. We discuss how characteristics of open-source software development influence the usability of resulting software products.,10.1145/2331812.2331822
1076,Article,"A framework for creating, hybrid-open source software communities","The open source software (OSS) model is a fundamentally new and   revolutionary way to develop software. The success of the OSS model is   also setting the stage for a structural change in the software industry;   it is beginning to transform software industry from manufacturing to a   service industry. Despite the success of the OSS model, for-profit   organizations are having difficulty building a business model around the   open source paradigm. Whereas there are some isolated empirical studies,   little rigorous research has been done on how traditional organizations   can implement and benefit from OSS practices. This research explores how   organizations can foster an environment similar to OSS to manage their   software development efforts to reap its numerous advantages: Drawing on   organizational theory, we develop a framework that guides the creation   and management of a hybrid-OSS community within an organization. We   discuss the implications of this framework and suggest areas for future   research.",10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00116.x
1078,InProceedings,Building a gateway with open source software for secure-DICOM   communication over insecure networks,"For Teleradiology the exchange of DICOM-images is needed for several   purposes. Existing solutions often don't consider about the needs for   data security and data privacy. Communication is done without any   encryption over insecure networks or with encryption using proprietary   solutions, which reduces the data communication possibilities to   partners with the same equipment. Our goal was to build a gateway, which   offers a transparent solution for secure DICOM-communication in a   heterogeneous environment.   We developed a PC-based gateway system with DICOM-communication to the   in-house network and secure DICOM communication for the communication   over the insecure network. One gateway installed at each location is   responsible for encryption/decryption. The sender just transfers the   image data over the DICOM protocol to the local gateway. The gateway   forwards the data to the gateway on the destination site using the   secure DICOM protocol, which is part of the DICOM standard. The   receiving gateway forwards the image data to the final destination again   using the DICOM-Protocol.   The gateway is based on Open Source software and runs under several   operating systems. Our experience shows a reliable solution, which   solves security issues for DICOM communication of image data and   integrates seamless into a heterogeneous DICOM environment.",10.1117/12.467013
1079,Article,Code quality analysis in open source software development,"Proponents of open source style software development claim that better   software is produced using this model compared with the traditional   closed model. However, there is little empirical evidence. in support of   these claims. In this paper, we present the results of a pilot case   study aiming: (a) to understand the implications of structural quality;   and (b) to figure out the benefits of structural quality analysis of the   code delivered by open source style development. To this end, we have   measured quality characteristics of 100 applications written for Linux,   using a software measurement tool, and compared the results with the   industrial standard that is proposed by the tool. Another target of this   case study was to investigate the issue of modularity in open source as   this characteristic is being considered crucial by the proponents of   open source for this type of software development. We have empirically   assessed the relationship between the size of the application components   and the delivered quality measured through user satisfaction. We have   determined that, up to a certain extent, the average component size of   an application is negatively related to the user satisfaction for this   application.",10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00117.x
1080,Article,Equilibrium selection and public-good provision: The development of   open-source software,"Collective-action problems arise in a variety of situations. Open-source   software is a recent and important example. Copyright restrictions on   open-source projects stipulate that any user may modify the software so   long as any resulting innovation is freely available to all. In economic   parlance, the innovation is a public good. The economic theory of   public-good provision raises a number of important questions. Who   contributes to such a project, and who free rides? How might a social   planner exploit the interdependence of project components to encourage   contributions? Under what conditions will such actions result in   successful provision? Using a simple game-theoretic framework and recent   results from the study of equilibrium selection, we attempt to answer   these questions. Under reasonable assumptions of asymmetry and less than   complete information, the most efficient providers will contribute.   Contributions can be elicited by `integrating' the provision process   when providers are sufficiently optimistic about the success of the   project. Otherwise, the social planner may be better off `separating'   the components so that individual contributions are independent of each   other. The analysis yields recommendations for the leaders of   open-source projects and other similar collective-action problems.",10.1093/oxrep/18.4.446
1082,InProceedings,Evolution patterns of open-source software systems and communities,"Open-Source Software (OSS) development is regarded as a successful model of encouraging ""natural product evolution"". To understand how this ""natural product evolution"" happens, we have conducted a case study of four typical OSS projects. Unlike most previous studies on software evolution that focus on the evolution of the system per se, our study takes a broader perspective: It examines not only the evolution of OSS systems, but also the evolution of the associated OSS communities, as well as the relationship between the two types of evolution.Through the case study, we have found that while collaborative development within a community is the essential characteristic of OSS, different collaboration models exist, and that the difference in collaboration model results in different evolution patterns of OSS systems and communities. To treat such differences systematically, we propose to classify OSS into three types: Exploration-Oriented, Utility-Oriented, and Service-Oriented. Such a classification can provide guidance on the creation and maintenance of sustainable OSS development and communities.",10.1145/512035.512055
1084,InProceedings,Meeting challenges and surviving success: The 2nd workshop on open   source software engineering,NA,NA
1085,InProceedings,Meeting challenges and surviving success: the 2nd workshop on open source software engineering,NA,10.1145/581339.581436
1086,Article,Microsoft takes stand against open source software,"Microsoft allegedly claims that the government is putting its confidential data at risk by using open source software because of the alleged higher number of security flaws. Irritated by the Pentagon's funneling of funds into open source development to make freeware more secure, Microsoft has also complained that the US government is subsidizing its competitors and violating the company's intellectual rights. This is comical - Microsoft has a reputation for shipping software with a plethora of security vulnerabilities.",NA
1087,InProceedings,Next generation simulation environments founded on open source software   and XML-based standard interfaces,"During the Winter Simulation Conference 2001 the OpenSML-project was   presented and started. The OpenSML-project is based on the Simulation   Modeling Language (SML(TM)) and is an open source, web-based,   multi-language simulation development project guided by a consortium of   industrial, academic and government simulation consultants,   practitioners and developers. For the simulation community, the open   source movement represents an opportunity to improve the quality of   common core simulation functions, improve the potential for creating   reusable modeling components from those core functions, and improve the   ability to merge those components using XML, HLA and other simulation   community standards. This paper extends the OpenSML-project by using   universal, language independent XML-descriptions and code generators for   converting OpenSML-models to programs in Java, VisualBasic or C++. This   would be the first time a simulation model could-be transferred between   different platforms without manual changes.",NA
1088,Article,On the security of open source software,"With the rising popularity of so-called `open source' software there has   been increasing interest in both its various benefits and disadvantages.   In particular, despite its prominent use in providing many aspects of   the Internet's basic infrastructure, many still question the suitability   of such software for the commerce-oriented Internet of the future. This   paper evaluates the suitability of open source software with respect to   one of the key attributes that tomorrow's Internet will require, namely   security. It seeks to present a variety of arguments that have been   made, both for and against open source security and analyses in relation   to empirical evidence of system security from a previous study. The   results represent preliminary quantitative evidence concerning the   security issues surrounding the use and development of open source   software, in particular relative to traditional proprietary software.",10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00118.x
1089,InProceedings,Open Source Software Research Activities in AIST towards Secure Open Systems,"National Research Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) is governed by the Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry of Japanese government. The Information Technology Research Institute of AIST has noticed that the open source software approaches are important issues to have high quality and secure software. In this paper, after we show four projects of open source software carried out at AIST, we show a typical and simple security problem named ""cross site scripting"" of Web servers. If the application software for the Web server were opened, this security hole would be quickly fixed because the problem is very simple and the way to fix is quite easy. Then we show several reports on Linux operating system of using governmental computer network infrastructures. We will see a lot of countries are considering using Linux and its application software as their infrastructures, because of the national securities and the deployment costs AIST is now planning to use Linux office applications in order to assess the feasibility of using open source software as an important infrastructure.",NA
1090,InProceedings,Open source initiatives for simulation software: next generation simulation environments founded on open source software and XML-based standard interfaces,"During the Winter Simulation Conference 2001 the OpenSML-project was presented and started. The OpenSML-project is based on the Simulation Modeling Language (SML&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;) and is an open source, web-based, multi-language simulation development project guided by a consortium of industrial, academic and government simulation consultants, practitioners and developers. For the simulation community, the open source movement represents an opportunity to improve the quality of common core simulation functions, improve the potential for creating reusable modeling components from those core functions, and improve the ability to merge those components using XML, HLA and other simulation community standards. This paper extends the OpenSML-project by using universal, language independent XML-descriptions and code generators for converting OpenSML-models to programs in Java, VisualBasic or C++. This would be the first time a simulation model could be transferred between different platforms without manual changes.",NA
1091,InProceedings,Open source software research activities in AIST towards secure open   systems,"National Research Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and   Technology (AIST) is governed by the Ministry of Economy Trade and   Industry of Japanese government. The Information Technology Research   Institute of AIST has noticed that the open source software approaches   are important issues to have high quality, and secure software. In this   paper, after we show four projects of open source software carried out   at AIST, we show a typical and simple security problem named ``cross   site scripting{''} of Web servers. If the application software for the   Web server were opened, this security, hole would be quickly fixed   because the problem is very, simple and the way to fix is quite easy.   Then we show several reports on Linux operating system of using   governmental computer network infrastructures. We will see a lot of   countries are considering using Linux and its application software as   their infrastructures, because of the national securities and the   deployment costs AIST is now planning to use Linux office applications   in order to assess the feasibility of using open source software as an   important infrastructure.",10.1109/HASE.2002.1173098
1092,Article,Open source software: A history,"In the thirty years from 1970 to 2000, open source software (OSS) began   as an assumption without a name or a clear alternative. It has evolved   into a sophisticated movement that has produced some of the most stable   and widely used software packages ever produced. This paper traces the   evolution of three operating systems: GNU, Berkeley Software   Distribution (BSD), and Linux, as well as the communities that have   evolved with these systems and some of the commonly used software   packages developed using the open source model. It also discusses some   of the major figures in OSS, and defines both free and open source   software.",NA
1093,InProceedings,Open source software: Potentials and pitfalls,"Open source software has been growing in popularity over the years. In   many cases, it is an assumed `` tool of the trade{''} for information   system development. Many companies are now looking to open source   software as an alternative to purchasing or developing information   system components, with the driving factor being lower capital costs.   What does it mean to be open source? Is this trend really a good thing?   Should you be looking to the open source community to solve the IT   problems on your factory floor? We will explain the concepts and   philosophies behind open source development and community sponsored   software, look at why you may or may not want to use it and consider the   risks and responsibilities that come with open source tools.   Overall, we have found that the potential benefits to the manufacturing   community are great but not without pitfalls to avoid. We discuss the   issues that must be considered when choosing to use these components and   tools, because capital costs are not the only expenditures that can be   incurred.",NA
1094,Article,Open source software: Private provision of a public good,"A simple model of open source software (as typified by the GNU-Linux   operating system) is presented. Individual user-programmers decide   whether to invest their own effort to develop a software enhancement   that will become a public good if so developed. The effect of changing   the population size of user-programmers is considered; finite and   asymptotic results are given. Welfare results are presented. It is shown   that whether development will increase when applications have a modular   structure depends on whether the developer base exceeds a critical size.   Potential explanations of several stylized facts are given, including   why certain useful programs don't get written.",10.1162/105864002320757280
1095,InProceedings,Open source software: intellectual challenges to the status quo,"Open source software is making a large impact on many aspects of society including the business community, the computing industry, the entertainment industry and higher education. The computer science education community has been quiet about issues of open source versus closed source and the role of open source code in the advancement of information technology. A survey of recent issues of SIGCSE Bulletin and SIGCSE conference proceedings shows little attention to the role open source software should play in computer science education. We are here to raise the question: ""What are the social and ethical responsibilities of computer science faculty regarding open source software?""One set of issues concerns the use of open source software in teaching and the use of open source development models in the teaching of software development. Some basic questions that arise include ""Should analysis of open source (and possible contributions to it) be the subject of class assignments?"" and ""Should open source software development models be taught?""A second set of issues concerns the use of open source software in support of teaching (e.g., using Linux as your standard platform). Some basic questions that arise include ""Should we use open source software to support teaching?"" and ""Are these faculty ethically obligated to make contributions to the open source software base?""In this panel we will identify many of the parties involved in the ethical and social issues surrounding the use of open source in teaching and in the support of teaching, and we will identify the rights and responsibilities we, as faculty, have to the various parties. This panel will initiate a discussion that will identify additional parties and our further professional obligations.",10.1145/563340.563464
1097,InProceedings,Peer Reviews as a Quality Management Technique in Open-Source Software Development Projects,"This paper focuses on peer review as a quality management technique used in open-source software (OSS) development and the similarities and differences with those of traditional development. The organizational commitment of OSS developers to quality is also explored. A comprehensive web-based questionnaire was completed by OSS and traditional developers. It was found that peer review is generally considered very useful for detecting both defects and flaws in code, as well as being important in contributing to the quality of the software. It is suggested that OSS developers commit to quality through internalization - adopting the ideas as their own, as the majority of the developers indicated that they would perform peer reviews without management direction. Encouragement to perform peer reviews and an organizational culture of peer review make it more likely for the developers to perform peer review under their own initiative, but neither are essential.",NA
1098,InProceedings,Peer reviews as a quality management technique in open-source software   development projects,"This paper focuses on peer review as a quality management technique used   in open-source software (OSS) development and the similarities and   differences with those of traditional development. The organizational   commitment of OSS developers to quality is also explored. A   comprehensive web-based questionnaire was completed by OSS and   traditional developers. It was found that peer review is generally   considered very useful for detecting both defects and flaws in code, as   well as being important in contributing to the quality of the software.   It is suggested that OSS developers commit to quality through   internalization - adopting the ideas as their own, as the majority of   the developers indicated that they would perform peer reviews without   management direction. Encouragement to perform peer reviews and an   organizational culture of peer review make it more likely for the   developers to perform peer review under their own initiative, but   neither are essential.",NA
1099,Article,Possibilities for open source software in libraries,"This essay, based on a presentation given at the 2001 American Library Association Annual Conference, enumerates a number of possibilities for open source software in libraries and how it can be leveraged to provide better and more effective digital library collections and services.",NA
1100,InProceedings,Reusing Open-Source Software and Practices: The Impact of Open-Source on Commercial Vendors,"One of the most intriguing ways that commercial developers of software can become more efficient is to reuse not only software but also best practices from the open-source movement. The open-source movement encompasses a wide collection of ideas, knowledge, techniques, and solutions. Commercial software vendors have an opportunity to both learn from the open-source community, as well as leverage that knowledge for the benefit of its commercial clients. This paper looks at a number of the characteristics of the open-source movement, offers a categorization of open-source dimensions, and provides an analysis of the opportunities available to commercial software vendors when applying the lessons from the open-source movement.",NA
1101,InProceedings,Reusing open-source software and practices: The impact of open-source on   commercial vendors,"One of the most intriguing ways that commercial developers of software   can become more efficient is to reuse not only software but also best   practices from the open-source movement. The open-source movement   encompasses a wide collection of ideas, knowledge, techniques, and   solutions. Commercial software vendors have an opportunity to both learn   from the open-source community, as well as leverage that knowledge for   the benefit of its commercial clients. This paper looks at a number of   the characteristics of the open-source movement, offers a categorization   of open-source dimensions, and provides an analysis of the opportunities   available to commercial software vendors when applying the lessons from   the open-source movement.",NA
1102,InProceedings,Sediment sequential risk mitigation at Thea Foss Waterway Superfund Site,"Sequential risk mitigation is a three-phase process designed to: (1)   reduce the ecological and human health risks posed by highly   contaminated sediments through confinement or capping; (2) reduce the   risks associated with moderate levels of pollution on a less urgent   schedule and at lower cost; and (3) address areas of limited   contamination through a combination of natural attenuation and enhanced   natural attenuation. Natural attenuation has as its basis the   observation that ecosystem recovery appears to be largely a function of   time. Sediment decomposition and the mixing of old sediments by   bottom-dwelling organisms contribute to reduced contaminant   concentrations. Knowledge of these processes is critical to the   development of ecosystem recovery and waste management strategies. To   evaluate the applicability of natural attenuation, information should be   collected to determine whether surface sediment chemical concentrations   will reach cleanup standards within a 10-year period through a   combination of natural attenuation and adequate source control.   The remedial design for the Thea Foss Waterway Superfund Site in Tacoma,   Washington, employs the sequential risk mitigation approach. The EPA has   selected a remedy involving natural attenuation (21 acres {[}8.4   hectares]), enhanced natural attenuation (4 acres {[}1.6 hectares]),   dredging (650,000 cubic yards {[}494,000 cubic meters]), and capping (30   acres {[}12 hectares]) of this 8,000-foot (2,438-meter)-long waterway.   The dredged material will be disposed of in a near-shore confined   disposal facility. Specialized design elements include sorbent capping   of active oil seeps, about 400 feet (122 meters) of permanent sheet pile   bulkhead, and other features related to long-term monitoring of the   remedy and to controlling contaminant sources.",NA
1103,Article,"Successful aging, {Willard} {Scott}, and dental floss","The concept of successful aging describes the capacity of middle-aged and older persons to proactively enhance and maintain good health into the ninth and tenth decades of life. Since life expectancy has been steadily increasing, the lessons of the health span and the wealth span for successful aging are increasingly important. Studying centenarians provides insight into how successful aging might bring average life expectancy closer to maximum life span.",NA
1104,InProceedings,The Dimensions of Embedded COTS and OSS Software Component Integration,"This paper describes the dimensions of the integration of embedded Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Open Source Software (OSS) components in the telecommunication systems. The paper emphasizes a telecommunications system vendor view to COTS and OSS component integration. The paper is based on semi-structured interviews held both at component supplying and integrating companies in Finland. The following embedded COTS and OSS acquisition, integration and maintenance dimensions were identified: Vision and strategy, business and markets, software engineering processes, software engineering environments and collaboration approaches. The paper describes the main characteristics of each dimension. The paper focuses on the collaboration approaches and especially on the information and knowledge exchange between a system vendor and all of the component suppliers.",NA
1106,InProceedings,The graphical models toolkit: An open source software system for speech   and time-series processing,"This paper describes the Graphical Models Toolkit (GMTK), an open   source, publically available toolkit for developing graphical-model   based speech recognition and general time series systems. Graphical   models are a flexible, concise, and expressive probabilistic modeling   framework with which one may rapidly specify a vast collection of   statistical models. This paper begins with a brief description of the   representational and computational aspects of the framework. Following   that is a detailed description of GMTK's features, including a language   for specifying structures and probability distributions, logarithmic   space exact training and decoding procedures, the concept of switching   parents, and a generalized EM training method which allows arbitrary   sub-Gaussian parameter tying. Taken together, these features endow GMTK   with a degree of expressiveness and functionality that significantly   complements other publically available packages. GMTK was recently used   in the 2001 Johns Hopkins Summer Workshop, and experimental results are   described in detail both herein and in a companion paper.",NA
1107,Article,Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and Mozilla,"According to its proponents, open source style software development has   the capacity to compete successfully, and perhaps in many cases   displace, traditional commercial development methods. In order to begin   investigating such claims, we examine data from two major open source   projects, the Apache web server and the Mozilla browser. By using email   archives of source code change history and problem reports we quantify   aspects of developer participation, core team size, code ownership,   productivity, defect density, and problem resolution intervals for these   OSS projects. We develop several hypotheses by comparing the Apache   project with several commercial projects. We then test and refine   several of these hypotheses, based on an analysis of Mozilla data. We   conclude with thoughts about the prospects for high- performance   commercial/ open source process hybrids.",10.1145/567793.567795
1108,Article,"Weichselian sediments at Foss-Eikeland, Jæren (southwest Norway)::   sea-level changes and glaciation history","The Jzeren area in southwestern Norway has experienced great changes in   sea-levels and sedimentary environments during the Weichselian, and some   of these changes are recorded at Foss-Eikeland. Four diamictons   interbedded with glaciomarine and glaciofluvial sediments are exposed in   a large gravel pit situated above the post-glacial marine limit. The   interpretation of these sediments has implications for the history of   both the inland ice and the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. During a   Middle Weichselian interstadial, a large glaciofluvial delta prograded   into a shallow marine environment along the coast of Jaeren. A minor   glacial advance deposited a gravelly journal of Quaternary Science   diamicton, and a glaciomarine diamicton was deposited during a following   marine transgression. This subsequently was reworked by grounded ice,   forming a well-defined boulder pavement. The boulder pavement is   followed by glaciomarine clay with a lower, laminated part and an upper   part of sandy clay. The laminated clay probably was deposited under   sea-ice, whereas more open glaciomarine conditions prevailed during   deposition of the upper part. The clay is intersected by clastic dykes   protruding from the overlying, late Weichselian till. Preconsolidation   values from the marine clay suggest an ice thickness of at least 500 m   during the last glacial phase. The large variations in sea-level   probably are a combined effect of eustasy and glacio-isostatic changes   caused by an inland ice sheet and an ice stream in the Norwegian   Channel. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/jqs.674
1109,Article,Who is an open source software developer?,"The Linux Software Maps (LSM) contributions span a range of software functions. The rate of LSM-based submissions is growing. LSM authors come from a truly worldwide community spanning many organizations. Contributions are spread widely across a base of over 2,400 individuals. The systems and applications categories are by far the largest areas of contribution and games has relatively few contributions. With the continuing success of Linux, this passionate engagement has resulted in very widely used code. Obviously it is sustainable and produced by a broad community. Open source developers are taking advantage of that transforming power today, signaling a bright future for open source communities as a basis for developing and evolving software for the global Internet.",10.1145/503124.503125
1112,InProceedings,A digital collections management system based on open source software,Robust and flexible digital collections management and presentation software is essential for creating and delivering digital collections. But digital library technologies and contents are not static. Continual evolution and investment are required to maintain the digital library. Few commercial digital library products are comprehensive and extensible enough to support this evolution. Many of these systems are in early release and have not been used and tested widely. Some require an initial investment in license fees or staff time that we could not afford. None of the products covered the full range of functionality needed for our digital library.,NA
1113,Article,A managerial overview of open source software,"Open source software programs such as Linux and Apache give any interested party access to the source code, leading to a distributed innovation model in which users actively participate in the product's development. Often free, OSS products are distributed under many public licenses, are more reliable, and provide greater flexibility and choice. On the other hand, OSS leads to a proliferation of versions, and may appeal only to high-end users. The system leads to fascinating competitive and cooperative relationships among companies, between a company and a community, and among communities.",NA
1114,InProceedings,A study of the method of providing secure network channel among secure OSs,"Many studies have been done on secure operating system using secure kernel that has various access control policies for system security. Secure kernel can protect user or system data from unauthorized and/or illegal accesses by applying various access control policies like DAC, MAC, RBAC, and so on. But, even if secure operating system is running under various access control policies, network traffic among these secure operating systems can be captured and exposed easily by network monitoring tools like packet sniffer if there is no protection policy for network traffic among secure operating systems. For this reason, protection for data within network traffic is as important as protection for data within local system. In this paper, we propose a secure operating system trusted channel, SOSTC, as a prototype of a simple secure network protocol that can protect network traffic among secure operating systems and can transfer security information of the subject. It is significant that SOSTC can be used to extend a security range of secure operating system to the network environment.",NA
1115,Article,Commercializing {Open} {Source} {Software},"Special issue title: The business of open source: when two worlds collideMany have tried, a few are succeeding, but challenges abound.",10.1145/945074.945125
1116,Article,"Community, joining, and specialization in open source software   innovation: a case study","This paper develops an inductive theory of the open source software   (OSS) innovation process by focussing on the creation of Freenet, a   project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer   electronic file sharing network. We are particularly interested in the   strategies and processes by which new people join the existing community   of software developers, and how they initially contribute code.   Analyzing data from multiple sources on the Freenet software development   process, we generate the constructs of ``joining script{''},   ``specialization{''}, ``contribution barriers{''}, and ``feature   gifts{''}, and propose relationships among these. Implications for   theory and research are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00050-7
1117,Article,"Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: {A} case study","This paper develops in inductive theory of the open source software (OSS) innovation process by focussing on the creation of Freenet, a project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer electronic file sharing network. We are particularly interested in the strategies and processes by which new people join the existing community of software developers, and how they initially contribute code. Analyzing data from multiple sources on the Freenet software development process, we generate the constructs of joining script specialization, contribution barriers, and feature gifts, and propose relationships among these. Implications for theory and research are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1118,Article,Deadlock-free software architectures for COM/DCOM applications,"Many software projects are based on the integration of independently   designed software components that are acquired on the market rather than   developed within the project itself. Sometimes interoperability and   composition mechanisms provided by component based integration   frameworks cannot solve the problem of binary component integration in   an automatic way. In this paper we present a technique to allow   connectors synthesis for deadlock-free component based architectures   {[}IEEE Proceedings of the 16th ASE, 2001] in the context of COM/DCOM   applications. This work also provides guidelines to implement an   automatic tool that derives the implementation of routing deadlock-free   policies within the connector from the dynamic behavior specification of   the COM components. Deadlock is then prevented by inserting the   synthesized connector within the system via COM composition mechanisms   while letting the system COM servers unmodified. We present a successful   application of this technique on the (COM version of the) problem known   as ``The dining philosophers{''}. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00037-7
1119,Article,Deadlock-free software architectures for {COM}/{DCOM} applications,This paper presents a technique to all connectors synthesis for deadlock-free component based architectures in the context of COM/DCOM applications. This work also provides guidelines to implement an automatic tool that derives the implementation of routing deadlock-free policies within the connector from the dynamic behavior specification of the COM components. Deadlock is then prevented by inserting the synthesized connector within the system via COM composition mechanisms while letting the system COM servers nmodified. A successful application of this technique on the problem known as the dining philosophers is presented.,NA
1120,InProceedings,Development of a web-based course on informatics via open-source software package MOODLE,"The current study discusses the implementation of an Open-source Learning Management System platform MOODLE for establishment of Web-based course on Communication and Information Systems subjects. Our shared experience about searching, choosing, installation and implementation of an Open Source platform is a good example for starting with e-Learning development as the used strategy led to success. Future work could be encouraging and training students to use the designed and created course.",10.1145/973620.973725
1121,Article,Ethical issues in open source software,"In this essay we argue that the current social and ethical structure in the Open Source Software (OSS) Community stem from its roots in academia. The individual developers experience a level of autonomy similar to that of a faculty member. Furthermore, we assert that the Open Source Software Community's social structure demands benevolent leadership. We argue that it is difficult to pass off low quality open source software as high quality software and that the Open Source development model offers strong accountability. Finally, we argue that Open Source Software introduces ethical challenges for universities and the software development community.",10.1108/14779960380000235
1122,Article,Evolution of {Open} {Source} {Software}: {A} {Study} of the {Samba} {Project}: {I}. {INTRODUCTION} {I}.1. {Overview} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {I}.2. {Open} {Source} {Development} {Communities} {I}.3. {Laws} for {Software} {Evolution} {II}. {PREVIOUS} {STUDIES} {ON} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {EVOLUTION} {III}. {SAMBA} {CASE} {STUDY} {III}.1. {Research} {Method} {III}.1.1. {Quantitative} {Measurement} {III}.1.2. {Qualitative} {Measurement} {III}.2. {Results}: {Quantitative} {Analysis} {III}.3. {Qualitative} {Analysis} {III}.4. {Discussion} {III}.5. {Drivers} of the {Samba} project {IV}. {CONCLUSION} {V}. {REFERENCES},"Open Source Software (OSS) development model has attracted considerable attention in recent years, primarily because it offers a non-proprietary and socially beneficial model of software development backed by a dedicated community of developers and users who share and expand their knowledge and expertise. This research investigates the evolution of open source software using a case study of the Samba project. Through the application of both qualitative and quantitative techniques, Samba's software development and evolution over a seven-year period are tracked and assessed. This assessment and the findings of similar, previously reported studies lead us to propose a general framework for the evolution and the key drivers of open source software evolution. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1124,Article,FRPs and FOSs lead to innovation in Canadian civil engineering   structures,"Modem and innovative technologies, developed as part of ISIS Canada   activities, are described; these technologies involve new building   materials, comprising polymers and super-strong fibers, and innovative   sensors incorporating fiber optics. It is argued that the ISIS   technologies will pave the way to innovation as well as for   rehabilitating and rejuvenating Canada's aging and fast-crumbling   infrastructure in a cost-effective manner. This article chronicles the   latest developments of ISIS technologies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00039-4
1125,Article,Free software and the digital divide: opportunities and constraints for   developing countries,"Our focus in this paper is mainly on the GNU/LINUX operting system and   the advantages that it affords developing countries seeking to bridge   the global digital divide. In the early parts of the paper we argue   that, although GNU/LINUX can generate substantial savings when used   instead of the proprietary alternative, in numerous institutional   settings, the most telling opportunities-for developing countries arise   when this system is combined. with other ways of reducing computing   costs. Policy, therefore, should not only consist of substituting   GNU/LINUX for proprietary software in running the latest and most   expensive hardware, but also of lowering these latter costs themselves.   Later sections focus on the link between the choice of software and   path-dependency (i.e. the notion that if one system gets ahead, it tends   to lock out alternatives in the manner described by Brian Arthur). We   suggest that the problem of proprietary lock-in in developing countries   has been greatly accentuated by piracy of Microsoft operating systems   and that the result is a stagnation of the technological capabilities in   software that these countries need so badly.",10.1177/016555103762202041
1126,Article,Free software and the digital divide: {Opportunities} and constraints for developing countries,"The focus of this paper is mainly on the GNU/LINUX operating system and the advantages that it affords developing countries seeking to bridge the global digital divide. In the early parts of the paper it is argued that, although GNU/LINUX can generate substantial savings when used instead of the proprietary alternative in numerous institutional settings, the most telling opportunities for developing countries arise when this system is combined with other ways of reducing computing costs. Policy, therefore, should not only consist of substituting GNU/LINUX for proprietary software in running the latest and most expensive hardware, but also of lowering these latter costs themselves. Later sections focus on the link between the choice of software and path-dependency. It is suggested that the problem of proprietary lock-in in developing countries has been greatly accentuated by piracy of Microsoft operating systems and that the result is a stagnation of the technological capabilities in software that these countries need so badly.",10.1177/016555103762202041
1127,InProceedings,Free software developers as an occupational community: resolving conflicts and fostering collaboration,"In this paper, we present results from the study of a free software development virtual organization, the GNU Enterprise (GNUe) project, and how they develop software in a globally distributed free software development project. In particular, examples of how they mitigate and resolve conflict are presented. Conflict arises over the use of a non-free tool to create GNUe graphic, and over the use of a non-free tool for GNUe documentation. The GNUe developers resolve the conflict using internet relay chat (IRC), threaded email discussions, and community digests. We characterize the GNUe developers as an occupational subculture within the occupational community of free/open source software (F/OSS) developers and show how the beliefs in free software and freedom of choice, and values in cooperative work and community assist GNUe contributors in mitigating and resolving conflict. In addition, we show how, despite fluctuating boundaries of membership in a virtual organization, daily discussions on the GNUe IRC serve to build and perpetuate the global community of GNUe contributors as well as F/OSS developers in general.",10.1145/958160.958164
1128,Article,How open source software works: ``free{''} user-to-user assistance,"Research into free and open source software development projects has so   far largely focused on how the major tasks of software development are   organized and motivated. But a complete project requires the execution   of ``mundane but necessary{''} tasks as well. In this paper, we explore   how the mundane but necessary task of field support is organized in the   case of Apache web server software, and why some project participants   are motivated to provide this service gratis to others. We find that the   Apache field support system functions effectively. We also find that,   when we partition the help system into its component tasks, 98\\% of the   effort expended by information providers in fact returns direct learning   benefits to those providers. This finding considerably reduces the   puzzle of why information providers are willing to perform this task   ``for free.{''} Implications are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00095-1
1129,InProceedings,Mining Open Source Software (OSS) data using Association Rules Network,"The Open Source Software(OSS) movement has attracted considerable   attention in the last few years. In this paper we report our results of   mining data acquired from SourceForge.net, the largest open source   software hosting website. In the process we introduce Association Rules   Network(ARN), a (hyper)graphical model to represent a special class of   association rules. Using ARNs we discover important relationships   between the attributes of successful OSS projects. We verify and   validate these relationships using Factor Analysis, a classical   statistical technique related to Singular Value Decomposition(SVD).",NA
1130,Article,"Network management and OSS: Todays lean operators, tomorrow's market   leaders",NA,NA
1131,Article,"Nicolai {J}. {Foss} and {Peter} {G}. {Klein}, eds., {Entrepreneurship} and the {Firm}: {Austrian} {Perspectives} on {Economic} {Organization} ({Cheltenham}, {Edward} {Elgar} {Publishing} {Ltd}. 2002) ix + 283 pp. {ISBN} 1-84064-660-8.",NA,NA
1132,Article,OSS and NMS capabilities as enablers for managed and hosted business   services,"Partitioned management, customer portals and web services increase the   affectiveness and success of managed and hosted business services   displayed by service providers.",NA
1133,Article,"Open Source software in medical informatics - why, how and what","`Open Source' is a 20-40 year old approach to licensing and distributing   software that has recently burst into public view. Against conventional   wisdom this approach has been wildly successful in the general software   market-probably because the openness lets programmers the world over   obtain, critique, use, and build upon the source code without licensing   fees. Linux, a UNIX-like operating system, is the best known success.   But computer scientists at the University of California, Berkeley began   the tradition of software sharing in the mid 1970s with BSD UNIX and   distributed the major internet network protocols as source code without   a fee. Medical informatics has its own history of Open Source   distribution: Massachusetts General's COSTAR and the Veterans   Administration's VISTA software have been distributed as source code at   no cost for decades. Bioinformatics, our sister field, has embraced the   Open Source movement and developed rich libraries of open-source   software. Open Source has now gained a tiny foothold in health care   (OSCAR GEHR, OpenEMed). Medical informatics researchers and funding   agencies should support and nurture this movement. In a world where   open-source modules were integrated into operational health care   systems, informatics researchers would have real world niches into which   they could engraft and test their software inventions. This could   produce a burst of innovation that would help solve the many problems of   the health care system. We at the Regenstrief Institute are doing our   part by moving all of our development to the open-source model. (C) 2002   Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/S1386-5056(02)00104-1
1134,InProceedings,Open source and free software - Organizational and societal implications,"Although there is evidence of wide-spread organizational and societal   adoption of open source and free software (OS/FS) products, processes,   philosophy and business models, our understanding of OS/FS in the   organizational and societal contexts is still quite limited. In this   panel, we seek to stimulate an open and productive conversation by   articulating the key research questions which have informed, and emerged   from, the study of the socio-cultural, legal, ethical and policy issues   associated with OS/FS.",NA
1135,Article,Open source software - an evaluation,"The success of Linux and Apache has strengthened the opinion that the   open source paradigm is one of the most promising strategies to enhance   the maturity, quality, and efficiency of software development   activities. This observation, however, has not been discussed in much   detail and critically addressed by the software engineering community.   Most of the claims associated with open source appear to be weakly   motivated and articulated.   For this reason, this paper proposes some qualitative reflections and   observations on the nature of open source software and on the most   popular and important claims associated with the open source approach.   The ultimate goal of the paper is to identify the concepts and   intuitions that are really peculiar to open source, and to distinguish   them from features and aspects that can be equally applied to or found   in proprietary software. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00065-1
1139,Article,"Open source software and the ""private-collective"" innovation model: {Issues} for organization science","Currently, 2 models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The ""private investment"" model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The ""collective action"" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. This paper proposes that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound ""private-collective"" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the ""best of both worlds"" under many conditions. A new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science are described.",10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992
1141,Article,Open source software development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric patterns   in programming,"This research applies Lotka's Law to metadata on open source software   development. Lotka's Law predicts the proportion of authors at different   levels of productivity. Open source software development harnesses the   creativity of thousands of programmers worldwide, is important to the   progress of the Internet and many other computing environments, and yet   has not been widely researched. We examine metadata from the Linux   Software Map (LSM), which documents many open source projects, and   Sourceforge, one of the largest resources for open source developers.   Authoring patterns found are comparable to prior studies of Lotka's Law   for scientific and scholarly publishing. Lotka's Law was found to be   effective in understanding software development productivity patterns,   and offer promise in predicting aggregate behavior of open source   developers.",10.1002/asi.10177
1143,Article,Open-source software development,"Open-source software development projects have become an important economic and cultural phenomenon. The open-source movement's unique development practices are challenging the traditional views of how innovation should work. Some people suggest open-source software developers freely reveal and share because they garner personal benefits from doing so, such as learning to develop complex software. Open-source projects can be started by anyone with the appropriate programming skills and motives. In the future, some managers may encourage the use of open-source software in their own firms. Others may attempt to build a business based on distributing and servicing open-source software. The open-source software movement also provides important management lessons regarding the most effective ways to structure and implement innovation. The lessons of open-source projects demonstrate the value of specialization through self-selection and how norms of meritocracy and peer recognition help ensure product quality.",NA
1144,InProceedings,Open-source software technologies for data archiving and online   geospatial processing,"This paper addresses the significant leverage, collaboration, and   performance that can be obtained with Open-Source Software for   Geospatial Data Management and Information Systems. Open-source software   provides the building blocks for advanced geospatial archiving,   processing, and distribution. Recently, robust open-source software   solutions have Proliferated in remote sensing, geographical information   systems, spatial data engines, and relational databases. Additionally,   advanced supercomputing capabilities with clusters of commodity personal   computers can be applied to the management and processing of extremely   large data sets. These advances have been integrated into   highly-leveraged systems that can be applied to a wide array of remote   sensing and geospatial activities. The authors describe the various   technologies currently available and how these technologies have been   integrated into an online Data Management System. Examples of the   application of this system to multiple application areas are described   Examples include custom processing and organization of satellite,   aerial, raster map, and vector data sets.",NA
1145,Article,Organizational learning in open-source software projects: An analysis of   debugging data,"This paper studies organizational learning effects in open-source   programming, projects. Working with data from,the Apache and Mozilla   projects, the study focuses on three aspects of open-source development.   The first is the use of the open-source,approach as a hedge against   system complexity. The second is the adaptive learning mechanisms   realized by the debugging process. The last is the learning curve   effects of. project-specific experience on bug cycle times. The results   indicate that while open-source development is subject to positive   learning effects, these effects are not universal, with some projects   deriving more benefit than others.",10.1109/TEM.2003.820136
1147,InProceedings,Pendulum model for open source software development,"Open source software development represents a fundamentally new concept   in the field of software engineering. Comparing to traditional software   engineering approach, we found this approach is absolutely reversed.   Open source development and delivery occurs on Internet time. Developers   are not confined to a geographic area. They work voluntarily on a   project of their choice; they are not forced to join a particular   project just because it needs more developers or the project has a high   degree of urgency. Developers work for peer-recognition and   self-satisfaction. In the open source community, each and every project   has an equal priority. Software designed under open source is not   released until the project owner thinks that the software has reached a   functional stage. One of the success stories is the Linux operating   system. Open Source software is always in an evolutionary stage: it   never reaches a final stage. As new requirements emerge the software is   enhanced by the user/developers. In this paper, we give an introduction   to the insights of open source software development. We then elucidate   the perceived benefits and point out the differences between open source   and closed source software development approaches. At the end we propose   a new model for open source software development.",NA
1149,InProceedings,Standards and coordination in open source software,"Almost by definition, Open Source Software (OSS) offers an incentive to   elaborate and adapt source code. One would expect this in-built   opportunity to diverge to lead to incompatible strains of software, and,   consequently to a clamour for standardisation. However, this is only   partly the case. Why? Which other coordinative mechanisms are at work   apart from the standards initiatives? From standards literature we   distil four categories of coordinative mechanisms, and illustrate their   relevance with OSS examples. In the concluding section we re-address the   complementary relation between the four categories and committee   standardisation.",NA
1150,Article,Ten-year follow-up in a maxillary sinus augmentation using anorganic   bovine bone (Bio-Oss). A case report with histomorphometric evaluation,"Several bone grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation   procedures. Bio-Oss (deproteinized and sterilized bovine bone) has shown   to have osteoconductive properties and no inflammatory or adverse   responses have been published. In spite of these successful results,   histologic data regarding bone augmentation using Bio-Oss in humans is   scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyse the amount of Bio-Oss   ossification in a case of maxillary sinus augmentation, recording and   comparing histomorphometric data 8 months, 2 and 10 years after surgery.   This long-term histologic evaluation of retrieved specimens has been   performed, comparing histomorfometric measures at different times. Eight   months after surgery we observed in 20 different thin sections of the   specimen a mean amount of bone tissue (including medullar spaces) of   29.8\\% (and 70.2\\% of Bio-Oss) +/- 2.6. At 2 years the bone tissue   increased to 69.7\\% + 2.7 and 10 years after surgery it was 86.7\\% +/-   2.8. The comparison of the means for each time has shown a highly   significant increasing trend in bone formation associated with Bio-oss   resorption: at 8 months, 2 and 10 years.",10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.140316.x
1151,InProceedings,The 3rd workshop on Open Source Software Engineering,"Building on the success of ""Making Sense of the Bazaar"" and ""Meeting Challenges and Surviving Success"" --- the 1st and 2nd Workshops on Open Source Software Engineering (ICSE 2001 and ICSE 2002) --- this workshop (""Taking Stock of the Bazaar') brings together researchers and practitioners for the purpose of discussing the diverse array of techniques --- as well as supporting tools and social/organizational contexts --- which can be observed in the domain of open source software.",NA
1153,InProceedings,The 3rd workshop on open source software engineering,Building on the success of ``Making Sense of the Bazaar{''} and   ``Meeting Challenges and Surviving Success{''} - the 1(st) and 2(nd)   Workshops on Open Source Software Engineering (ICSE 2001 and ICSE 2002)   - this workshop ({''}Taking Stock of the Bazaar') brings together   researchers and practitioners for the purpose of discussing the diverse   array of techniques - as well as supporting tools and   social/organizational contexts which can be observed in the domain of   open source software.,10.1109/ICSE.2003.1201285
1155,InProceedings,The Contribution of Free Software to Software Evolution,"It is remarkable to think that even without any interest in finding suitable methods and concepts that would allow complex software systems to evolve and remain manageable, the ever growing open source movement has silently managed to establish highly successful evolution techniques over the last two decades. These concepts represent best practices that could be applied equally to a number of today's most crucial problems concerning the evolution of complex commercial software systems. In this paper, the authors state and explain some of these principles from the perspective of experienced open source developers, andgive the rationale as to why the highly dynamic ""free software development process"", as a whole, is entangled with constantly growing code bases and changing project sizes, and how it deals with these successfully.",NA
1156,Article,The common optimization INterface for operations research: Promoting   open-source software in the operations research community,"The Common Optimization INterface for Operations Research (COIN-OR,   http://www.coin-or.org/) is an initiative to promote open-source   software for the operations research (OR) community. In OR practice and   research, software is fundamental. The dependence of OR on software   implies that the ways in which software is developed, managed, and   distributed can have a significant impact on the field. Open source is a   relatively new software development and distribution model which offers   advantages over current practices. Its viability depends on the precise   definition of open source, on the culture of a distributed developer   community, and on a version-control system which makes distributed   development possible. In this paper, we review open-source philosophy   and culture, and present the goals and status of COIN-OR.",10.1147/rd.471.0057
1158,InProceedings,The contribution of free software to software evolution,"It is remarkable to think that even without any interest in finding   suitable methods and concepts that would allow complex software systems   to evolve and remain manageable, the ever growing open source movement   has silently managed to establish highly successful evolution techniques   over the last two decades. These concepts represent best practices that   could be applied equally to a number of today's most crucial problems   concerning the evolution of complex commercial software systems. In this   paper, the authors state and explain some of these principles from the   perspective of experienced open source developers, and give the   rationale as to why the highly dynamic ``free software development   process{''}, as a whole, is entangled with constantly growing code bases   and changing project sizes, and how it deals with these successfully.",10.1109/IWPSE.2003.1231224
1160,InProceedings,Toward an understanding of the motivation Open Source Software developers,"An Open Source Software (OSS) project is unlikely to be successful unless there is an accompanied community that provides the platform for developers and users to collaborate. Members of such communities are volunteers whose motivation to participate and contribute is of essential importance to the success of OSS projects. In this paper, we aim to create an understanding of what motivates people to participate in OSS communities. We theorize that learning is one of the motivational forces. Our theory is grounded in the learning theory of Legitimate Peripheral Participation, and is supported by analyzing the social structure of OSS communities and the co-evolution between OSS systems and communities. We also discuss practical implications of our theory for creating and maintaining sustainable OSS communities as well as for software engineering research and education.",NA
1162,InProceedings,Toward an understanding of the motivation of open source software   developers,"An Open Source Software (OSS) project is unlikely to be successful   unless there is an accompanied community that provides the platform for   developers and users to collaborate. Members of such communities are   volunteers whose motivation to participate and contribute is of   essential importance to the success of OSS projects. In this paper, we   aim to create an understanding of what motivates people to participate   in OSS communities. We theorize that learning is one of the motivational   forces. Our theory is grounded in the learning theory of Legitimate   Peripheral Participation, and is supported by analyzing the social   structure of OSS communities and the co-evolution between OSS systems   and communities. We also discuss practical implications of our theory   for creating and maintaining sustainable OSS communities as well as for   software engineering research and education.",NA
1164,Article,"Using open source software for scientific simulations, data visualization, and publishing","There is a growing number of software packages that can be legally downloaded from the Internet and used in educational and research projects under licenses that involve no costs and few practical restrictions. Primarily, this is open source software. Using an investigation of waves in simulated excitable media as a case study, it is shown that an extensive project, from parallel computer simulations and data visualization stages to the final publication preparation stage, can be carried out completely based on free software. This creates favorable research and educational opportunities in low budget environments.",NA
1165,Article,Why Open Source software can succeed,"The paper discusses three key economic problems raised by the emergence   of Open Source: motivation, co-ordination, and diffusion. First, the   movement took off through the activity of a community that did not   follow profit motivations. Second, a hierarchical co-ordination emerged   without proprietary rights. Third, Open Source systems diffused in   environments dominated by proprietary standards. The paper shows that   recent developments in the theory of diffusion of technologies with   network externality may help to explain these phenomena. A simulation   model based on heterogeneous agents is developed in order to identify   the relevant factors in the diffusion of the technology. (C) 2003   Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00051-9
1166,Article,Why open source software can succeed,"This paper discusses 3 key economic problems raised by the emergence of Open Source: motivation, co-ordination, and diffusion. First, the movement took off through the activity of a community that did not follow profit motivations. Second, a hierarchical co-ordination emerged without proprietary rights. Third, Open Source systems diffused in environments dominated by proprietary standard. The paper shows that recent developments in the theory of diffusion of technologies with network externality may help to explain these phenomena. A simulation model based on heterogeneous agents is developed in order to identify the relevant factors in the diffusion of the technology. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1167,InProceedings,A journey towards an OSS-aware organization,NA,NA
1168,InProceedings,A next generation OSS framework using web service and workflow   technologies,"Many developers and researchers related with Operational Support System   (OSS) have interested in the Next Generation OSS (NGOSS) architecture.   In Next Generation Network (NGN) service environment, the OSS must   support service delivery, assurance, and network management across   multi-technology and multi-domain communication networks. Also, NGOSS   support Business-To-Business (B2B) collaboration activity, and   Business-To-Customer (B2C) activity. To achieve those, this paper will   proposes a XML-based business activity integration framework using web   service and workflow-based business process automation framework. The   proposed two frameworks will provide a highly distributed, loosely   coupled, and open-standard based system design methodology for the   business oriented architecture, NGOSS.",NA
1169,InProceedings,Adaptation of Large-Scale Open Source Software - An Experience Report -,"Within a long-term distributed systems project we repeatedlystumbled across the well-known yet difficult questionto either implement from scratch or comprehend and adaptexisting software. Having tried both ways allows us to retrospectivelycompare the effectiveness of ""from scratch""implementation versus software evolution. By using thecode bases of GNU GCC and Linux for the adaptation approachwe gained valuable experiences with the comprehensionand adaptation of large but sparsely documentedcode bases. In most cases, the adaptation of existing softwareproved to be by far more effective than implementingfrom scratch. Surprisingly, the effort needed to comprehendthe existing voluminous source codes repeatedly proved tobe less than expected. In this paper we discuss our positiveand negative experiences and the various factors influencingsuccess and failure. Albeit collected in an academic setting,the observations described in this paper might well betransferable to the maintenance of large-scale commercialenvironments, too.",NA
1170,Article,Adaptation of fiber-reinforced strip using dental floss for the direct   splinting technique,NA,10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.09.014
1171,InProceedings,Adaptation of large-scale open source software - An experience report,"Within a long-term distributed systems project we repeatedly: stumbled   across the well-known yet difficult question to either implement from   scratch or comprehend and adapt existing software. Having tried both   ways allows us to retrospectively; compare the effectiveness of ``from   scratch{''} implementation versus software evolution. By using the code   bases of GNU GCC and Linux for the adaptation approach we gained   valuable experiences with the comprehension and adaptation of large but   sparsely documented code bases. In most cases, the adaptation of   existing software proved to be by-far more effective than implementing   from scratch. Surprisingly, the effort needed to comprehend the existing   voluminous source codes repeatedly proved to be less than expected. In   this paper we discuss our positive and negative experiences and the   various factors influencing success and failure. Albeit collected in an   academic setting, the observations described in this paper might well be   transferable to the maintenance of large-scale commercial environments,   too.",10.1109/CSMR.2004.1281415
1173,InProceedings,Agile principles and open source software development: A theoretical and   empirical discussion,"In the last years, two movements have been widely discussed in the   software development community: Agile and open source development. Both   have faced some of the same criticism, and both claim some of the same   benefits. This paper poses the question whether open source software   development is in accordance with agile software development principles   and therefore well within the planning spectrum. To this end, the   general principles of both movements are detailed and compared, and some   empirical data from open source software development projects is given   on any similarities and dissimilarities uncovered.",NA
1174,InProceedings,An experience of transition to open source software in local authorities,"In this paper we briefly report on the transition to Open Source   Software for desktop applications in the Municipalities of the Province   of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy. The transition focused mainly on the OpenOffice   desktop suite. The experience indicated that tackling correctly   personnel resistance to change may be the most important factor for a   successful transition. Effective training and support are other   important factors, while technical or functional problems seem to be   quite marginal (with the exception of the macro operations issue).",NA
1175,Article,Articulating the speed(s) of the Internet - The case of open source/free   software,"The Internet is widely considered as a key factor of speeding up social   and cultural change. It represents the merging of information and   communication technologies and enables flows of information and capital,   and communication and cooperation regardless of space and, possibly,   time. This article explores the example of Open Source/Free Software   development, i.e. software development in self-organized projects based   on a considerable share of voluntary work. Here, we find complex   articulations of speeding up and slowing down technological development.   Open Source/Free Software projects complement the logic of speeding up   technological progress and of obsolescence with a reflexive logic of   optionality, variety and sustainability which addresses the   accessibility of technology and knowledge as a precondition for future   creativity beyond markets and organizations.",10.1177/0961463X04040750
1178,InProceedings,Atmospheric radiance modeling using the Optimal Spectral Sampling (OSS)   method,"Optimal Spectral Sampling (OSS) is a new approach to radiative transfer   modeling which addresses the need for algorithm speed, accuracy, and   flexibility. The OSS technique allows for the rapid calculation of   radiance for any class of multispectral, hyperspectral, or ultraspectral   sensors at any spectral resolution operating in any region from   microwave through UV wavelengths by selecting and appropriately   weighting the monochromatic points that contribute over the sensor   bandwidth. This allows for the calculation to be performed at a small   number of spectral points while retaining the advantages of a   monochromatic calculation such as exact treatment of multiple scattering   and/or polarization. The OSS method is well suited for remote sensing   applications which require extremely fast and accurate radiative   transfer calculations: atmospheric compensation, spectral and spatial   feature extraction, multi-sensor data fusion, sub-pixel spectral   analysis, qualitative and quantitative spectral analysis, sensor design   and data assimilation. The OSS was recently awarded a U.S. Patent   (\\#6,584,405) and is currently used as part of the National   Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) CrIS,   CMIS, and OMPS-IR environmental parameter retrieval algorithms. This   paper describes the theoretical basis and development of OSS and shows   examples of the application and validation of this technique for a   variety of different sensor types and applications.",10.1117/12.541006
1179,Article,"Coding {Free} {Software}, {Coding} {Free} {States}: {Free} {Software} {Legislation} and the {Politics} of {Code} in {Peru}","Chan presents a closer examination of the practices that surround the emergence of free software legislation in Peru. Presented before the Peruvian Congress in Dec 2001, Proposition 1609 proposed the mandatory adoption of the use of free software in all areas of Peru's government, making exceptions only where a developed enough free software application was not yet available. Addressing in its text issues of science, technology, and development, Proposition 1609's language emphasized the contemporary legal contradictions and constraints experienced by government in software use.",10.1353/anq.2004.0046
1180,InProceedings,"Collaboration, Conflict and Control: The 4th Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering","Building on the success of the first three workshops inthe series, which were held at ICSE 2001 (Toronto), ICSE2002 (Orlando) and ICSE 2003 (Portland), the 4thWorkshop on Open Source Software Engineering,(""Collaboration, Conflict and Control"") brings togetherresearchers and practitioners for the purpose ofdiscussing the platforms and tools, techniques andprocesses, and the organizational structures that are usedto support and sustain communication, collaboration andconflict resolution within and between open sourcesoftware communities.",NA
1182,InProceedings,"Collaboration, conflict and control: The 4th Workshop on Open Source   Software Engineering","Building on the success of the first three workshops in the series,   which were held at ICSE 2001 (Toronto), ICSE 2002 (Orlando) and ICSE   2003 (Portland), the 4h Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering,   ({''}Collaboration, Conflict and Control{''}) brings together   researchers and practitioners for the purpose of discussing the   platforms and tools, techniques and processes, and the organizational   structures that are used to support and sustain communication,   collaboration and conflict resolution within and between open source   software communities.",10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317526
1184,InProceedings,Competition between open source software development projects: Case   study on BBS in china,"This paper presents some critical elements related to successful open   source software development projects. Three elements are identified.   They are structure, conduct and performance. There are some interactions   between structure, conduct and performance in community. This paper also   provides a framework to understand why some open source software behaves   better than others based on case study on Bulletin Board System (BBS)   development in China.",NA
1186,Article,Developing an information systems infrastructure with open source software,"In the wake of budget shortfalls, Ireland's Beaumont Hospital is addressing its information systems infrastructure needs by turning to open source software. With a two-phase approach, the hospital's IT department is upgrading its application platform and associated server environment.",10.1109/MS.2004.1259216
1187,Article,"Eve's fig-leaf: The male narrator, sophistry and the loss of narrative   innocence in The `Mill on the Floss'","The adoption of a male pseudonym by women writers in the nineteenth   century is, as Elaine Showalter has pointed out, a sign of the woman   writer's loss of innocence, of her awareness of the necessity of role   playing in order to enter the literary mainstream. In this paper, I   intend to examine some of the self-conscious ambiguities of the   role-playing narrator of The Mill on the Floss. The use of the male   narrator is inseparably bound up with a number of compromises for the   woman writer and for the female reader. But being thus `compromised'   through vicariously living the experience of the masculine Other also   allows the woman writer privileged insight into the complex processes of   justification and rationalisation through which the masculine world-view   is engendered and sustained in narrative; it allows her imaginatively to   work through, and to see through, the tangle of cause and effect   relations which are often illegitimately marshalled into support of that   view, and to cast ironical and critical light on them.",NA
1188,InProceedings,Evolution of understandability in OSS projects,"Empirical papers on Open Source software should try and formulate   reasons for successes as Linux, Apache and some other flagship projects.   What we need to understand about this topic is on the process of   producing software through cooperation of different efforts. Albeit many   success reasons for these projects are inherently due to the application   domain that the project develops, architectural and conceptual views of   the code have to be considered as key factors when considering community   efforts and joint decisions.   In this work we focus our attention on what is perceived of a source   code when investigating its structure. We do this considering that   structure as a proxy for the conceptual architecture of the application.   A metric is developed based on some current assumptions, and it is   tested over a sample of Open Source projects. What is interesting to   note, is that refactoring efforts are clearly visible when intended as   reduction of complexity of source code. Our second observation is that,   based on what an Open Source software currently does, i.e. its   application domain, there's a threshold value that several projects tend   to.",10.1109/CSMR.2004.1281406
1190,InProceedings,Evolution of understanding in OSS projects,"Empirical papers on Open Source software should tryand formulate reasons for successes as Linux, Apacheand some other flagship projects.What we need to understand about this topic is on the process ofproducing software through cooperation of differentefforts.Albeit many success reasons for these projectsare inherently due to the application domain that theproject develops, architectural and conceptual views ofthe code have to be considered as key factors whenconsidering community efforts and joint decisions.In this work we focus our attention on what isperceived of a source code when investigating itsstructure.We do this considering that structure as aproxy for the conceptual architecture of theapplication.A metric is developed based on somecurrent assumptions, and it is test over a sample ofOpen Source projects.What is interesting to note, isthat refactoring efforts are clearly visible whenintended as reduction of complexity of source code.Our second observation is that, based on what an OpenSource software currently does, i.e. its applicationdomain, there's a threshold value that several projectstend to.",NA
1192,InProceedings,Free Software for a World in Motion,"This paper focus the need for new educational software environments for exploration of global statistics. We present some concrete examples of highly interactive, non-linear, visual displays for explortive understanding of socioeconomic trends in the contemporary world.",NA
1193,InProceedings,Free software for a world in motion,"This paper focus the need for new educational software environments for   exploration of global statistics. We present some concrete examples of   highly interactive, non-linear, visual displays for explorative   understanding of socioeconomic trends in the contemporary world.",NA
1194,Article,From desktop to data centre: OSS challenges for the delivery of   end-to-end ICT service management,"With increased commoditisation of traditional services,   telecommunications service providers are exploiting their core   net-centric strengths and targeting increased revenues from ICT-based   services spanning the range of services from IP VPNs to IT outsourcing.   To be successful and to differentiate, an effective ICT strategy must   define the scope and direction of the target infrastructure, where a   primary challenge is the future demands on the operational support   system (OSS). Based on BT's operational experience with corporate and   government customers, this article presents the detailed ICT challenges   on the OSS in achieving an end-to-end view of ICT service management.",NA
1196,InProceedings,Government sponsored open source software for school education,"The history of computing can be seen in terms of cultural change   engendered by philosophical opposition. In education some key   philosophical dichotomies are those of commercial-copyright versus free   open source software, and office-centric pedagogies versus rich software   libraries to support the whole school curriculum. The `Blue File'   software library was generated by four centres supporting students with   special learning needs in Britain in the early 1980s, and embodied   important features relevant to these tensions. More recently a   longitudinal study in Tasmania has provided data to take the story   further, highlighting the dangers of an office-centric approach to ICT   in school education. The paper concludes with an argument for the   exploration of online learning objects as a possible teacher-friendly   solution to providing teachers with a rich repertoire of   curriculum-focused learning activities.",NA
1197,InProceedings,How to Have a Successful Free Software Project,"Some free software projects have been extremely successful. This rise to prominence can be attributed to the high quality and suitability of the software. This quality and suitability is achieved through an elaborate peer-review process performed by a large community of users, who act as co-developers to identify and correct software defects and add features. Although this process is crucial to the success of free software projects, there is more to the free software development than the creation of a 'bazaar'. In this paper we draw on existing free software projects to define a lifecycle model for free software. This paper then explores each phase of the lifecycle model and agrees that, while the bazaar phase attracts the most attention, it is the initial modular design that accommodates diverse interventions. Moreover, it is the period of transition from the initial group to the larger community based development that is crucial in determining whether a free software project will succeed or fail.",10.1109/APSEC.2004.58
1201,Article,Integrated service management with OSS/J,"Integrated service management is a mandatory prerequisite for   communication service providers (CSPs) to successfully deploy and   operate a competitive portfolio of customer services. Unfortunately,   missing open and standardised integration approaches led to proprietary   solutions which were expensive in terms of capital and operational   expenditures. With the advent of TMF's NGOSS and OSS/J Initiative, CSPs   have now the opportunity to migrate smoothly towards a standardised   integrated service management solution. This paper discusses the   technological aspects of the combined NGOSS-OSS/J approach in more   detail.",NA
1202,InProceedings,Internationalization of open source software: Framework and some issues,"The paper considers the main issues of open source software   internationalization and suggests the systematization of the process.   Although this research is based on the OpenOffice.org(1) software, still   many issues presented here may be valid to the various open source   programs. The main attention is paid to the investigation of the   OpenOffice.org internationalization model - we seek to find out its   advantages and disadvantages. The emphasis is made on the peculiarities   and indefiniteness. Besides this, the elaboration of the patterns of   solution to the tricky situations here is also made.",10.1109/ITRE.2004.1393676
1203,Article,Morphometric analysis in geographic information systems: applications of   free software GRASS and R,"Development and interpretation of morphometric maps are important tools   in studies related to neotectonics and geomorphology; Geographic   Information Systems (GIS) allows speed and precision to this process,   but applied methodology will vary according to available tools and   degree of knowledge of each researcher about involved software.   A methodology to integrate GIS and statistics in morphometric analysis   is presented for the most usual morphometric parameters-hypsometry,   slope, aspect, swath profiles, lineaments and drainage density, surface   roughness, isobase and hydraulic gradient.   The GIS used was the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System   (GRASS-GIS), an open-source project that offers an integrated   environment for raster and vector analysis, image processing and   maps/graphics creation. Statistical analysis of parameters can be   carried out on R, a system for statistical computation and graphics,   through an interface with GRASS that allows raster maps and points files   to be treated as variables for analysis.   The basic element for deriving morphometric maps is the digital   elevation model (DEM). It can be interpolated from scattered points or   contours, either in raster or vector format; it is also possible to use   DEMs from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, with 30 m of ground   resolution for the USA and 90 m for other countries.   Proposed methodology can be adapted according to necessities and   available tools. The use of free and open-source tools guarantees access   to everyone, and its increasing popularization opens new development   perspectives in this research field. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.cageo.2004.08.002
1204,InProceedings,OSS rises to the challenge: Meeting government software requirements,"Recent downturns in the IT industry have brought about corresponding   reductions in the monies available to organisations for the purchase of   software. As a consequence open source software is now viewed more   favourably than in the past, with increased penetration in all markets.   Despite the success of these inroads and the cost savings involved in   switching to open source software, proprietary software remains far and   away the predominant product of choice.   In this paper we discuss some results of research into why public and   private organisations select a particular software solution over   another. We examine the criteria that make one item of software more   attractive to an organisation and compare and contrast software   selection in both the public and private sectors. Ultimately we show   that OSS is a competitive alternative to proprietary software and that   the criteria on which organisations base their software selection, can   be met by OSS products.",NA
1206,InProceedings,Open Source Software Development: A Case Study of FreeBSD,"A common claim is that open source software development produces higher quality software at lower cost than traditional commercial development. To validate such claims, researchers have conducted case studies of ""successful"" open source development projects. This case study of the FreeBSD project provides further understanding of open source development. The FreeBSD development process is fairly well-defined with proscribed methods for determining developer responsibilities, dealing with enhancements and defects, and for managing releases. Compared to the Apache project, FreeBSD uses a smaller set of core developers that implement a smaller portion of the system, and uses a more well-defined testing process. FreeBSD and Apache have a similar ratio of core developers to (1) people involved in adapting and debugging the system, and (2) people who report problems. Both systems have similar defect densities, and the developers are also users in both systems.",NA
1207,InProceedings,Open Source Software: Opportunities and challenges,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is air imposing business reality   but only air emerging discipline of business research. Critical   questions have been so far only tangentially investigated and were   mostly left to IT columnists and consultants to deal with, generally in   a partisan fashion. Such important issues include the viability of FLOSS   business models, the impact of FLOSS oil the software industry structure   and competitiveness, the FLOSS-based national IT strategies. the role of   governments and other lobbying groups in promoting or combating FLOSS,   and finally the vital matters of TCO, security. and performance among   others. This paper tries to lay the foundation in analyzing the FLOSS   phenomenon by pointing to the real opportunities that lie ahead and the   critical challenges that have to be addressed before FLOSS Call claim   its rightful stake in the software industry.",NA
1208,InProceedings,Open Source software and information management: The case of BMB on line,After a short introduction describing the experience of the collection   of the Middle Ages manuscripts' quotations (i.e. the Bibliography of   Beneventan Manuscripts) a survey of the instruments that people used to   collect the bibliographic materials is reported and the reasons for the   BMB Web site are presented. The remarks that induced the author to adopt   Open Source solutions for the carrying out of a new Information System   are then discussed and the following elements are described: the   structure of the Information System and the reasons for making the same   system an Open Source software product.,NA
1209,InProceedings,Open source software and open data standards in public administration,"A European joint project (COSPA) with the participation of eight   countries from all parts of Europe studies the application advantages   (and drawbacks) of Open Source software (OS) and of Open Data Standards   (ODS) in Public Administration (PA). PAs are among the biggest computer-   and software consumers world-wide, thus they should be very careful what   to use, how to use. PAs spend every year a considerable amount of money   for commercial off-the-shelf software licenses. By using appropriate   technologies, such expenses might be either dramatically reduced, or   re-routed to further develop local business ecosystems. This project   aims at introducing, analyzing, and supporting the use of ODS and OS   software for personal productivity and document management in European   PAs.",10.1109/ICCCYB.2004.1437766
1210,InProceedings,Open source software and the economics of organization,NA,10.4324/9780203180419\\_chapter\\_2
1211,InProceedings,Open source software development: A case study of FreeBSD,"A common claim is that open source software development produces higher   quality software at lower cost than traditional commercial development.   To validate such claims, researchers have conducted case studies of   ``successful{''} open source development projects. This case study of   the FreeBSD project provides further understanding of open source   development. The FreeBSD development process is fairly well-defined with   proscribed methods for determining developer responsibilities, dealing   with enhancements and defects, and for managing releases. Compared to   the Apache project, FreeBSD uses a smaller set of core developers that   implement a smaller portion of the system, and uses a more well-defined   testing process. FreeBSD and Apache have a similar ratio of core   developers to (1) people involved in adapting and debugging the system,   and (2) people who report problems. Both systems have similar defect   densities, and the developers are also users in both systems.",10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357894
1213,InProceedings,Open source software in critical systems - Motivation and challenges,"This paper summarizes the main conclusions and recommendations from a   Working Group on ``Open Source Software and Dependability{''}. The Group   was launched in the framework of a cooperative structure, a Network for   Dependability Engineering, and gathered representatives of ten academic   and industrial organizations.",NA
1214,InProceedings,Open source software to manage digital collections in a decentralized environment,"This paper describes the design, creation, and prototyping of a new open source software application to manage digital collections. The software is standards based, being strongly rooted in Dublin Core. This paper highlights the particular design objective of this software: it allows decentralized maintenance of sub-collections (""virtual collections"") within a larger collection.",NA
1215,InProceedings,Open source software: Placebo or panacea? Panel 3,"The Open Source Software (OSS) concept abounds with paradoxical issues   which is one of the primary reasons why it is so interesting: For   example, the basic premise that software source code-the `crown jewels'   for many proprietary software companies-should be provided freely to   anyone who wishes to see it or modify it. Also, the tension between   collectivism and individualism in the overall movement, the balance   between modesty and supreme ego on the part of `code god' project   leaders, the balance between anarchy and control at the project level,   the manner in which organisations make money from free software. These   are all extremely interesting issues which will be the focus of this   panel.",NA
1216,Article,OsiriX: An open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM   images,"A multidimensional image navigation and display software was designed   for display and interpretation of large sets of multidimensional and   multimodality images such as combined PET-CT studies. The software is   developed in Objective-C on a Macintosh platform under the MacOS X   operating system using the GNUstep development environment. It also   benefits from the extremely fast and optimized 3D graphic capabilities   of the OpenGL graphic standard widely used for computer games optimized   for taking advantage of any hardware graphic accelerator boards   available. In the design of the software special attention was given to   adapt the user interface to the specific and complex tasks of navigating   through large sets of image data. An interactive jog-wheel device widely   used in the video and movie industry was implemented to allow users to   navigate in the different dimensions of an image set much faster than   with a traditional mouse or on-screen cursors and sliders. The program   can easily be adapted for very specific tasks that require a limited   number of functions, by adding and removing tools from the program's   toolbar and avoiding an overwhelming number of unnecessary tools and   functions. The processing and image rendering tools of the software are   based on the open-source libraries ITK and VTK. This ensures that all   new developments in image processing that could emerge from other   academic institutions using these libraries can be directly ported to   the OsiriX program. OsiriX is provided free of charge under the GNU   open-source licensing agreement at   http://homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix.",10.1007/s10278-004-1014-6
1217,Article,"R. van {Wendel} de {Joode}, {J}.{A}. de {Bruijn} and {M}.{J}.{G}. van {Eeten}, {Protecting} the {Virtual} {Commons}: {Self}-{Organizing} {Open} {Source} and {Free} {Software} {Communities} and {Innovative} {Intellectual} {Property} {Regimes} ({The} {Hague}, {T}.{M}.{C}. {Asser} {Press} 2003) xii + 116 pp. + 51 pp. {ISBN} 90-6704-159-9.",NA,NA
1218,Article,Resistance as {Motivation} for {Innovation}: {Open} {Source} {Software},"Resistance is frequently viewed as a negative aspect of human interaction. Although resistance manifests itself in numerous ways, resistance to change is frequent when individuals are introduced to new ideas or innovations. This form of resistance can limit forward progress of either an individual or an organization. However, a few papers investigated possible positive roles of resistance in human life. This paper proposes that resistance can be a positive motivator to achieve change. Open source software (OSS) is a technological innovation that is laden with aspects of resistance. One of the initial motivations for the development of open source software was ""psychological reactance"" on the part of a few software developers. Reactance is a limited part of the overall construct of resistance; specifically, resistance caused by external threats to an individual's freedom of choice, which generally manifests itself affectively. This paper looks at the role of resistance as a motivator for technological innovation from the perspective of open source softwre development. It also presents techniques for overcoming resistance to the adoption of open source software. Specific techniques presented are the Alpha and Omega strategies for overcoming resistance. Alpha strategies work by attempting to increase the approach forces towards some goal. Conversely, Omega strategies attempt to decrease the avoidance forces, thereby removing resistance to change. Both techniques are used in the context of open source software development to motivate participants.",10.17705/1CAIS.01336
1219,InProceedings,Software Product Line and Open Source Software,"A similar set of open source software is selected on many systems even if these systems in which the software is applied are in different domains. It must be primary type of core asset on Product Line Software Engineering. And next, I want to discuss about success of many network appliances run on open source OS.",10.1109/APSEC.2004.93
1220,InProceedings,"Software process:: The key to developing robust, reusable and   maintainable open-source software","The practice of image processing inherently requires software   development. Creating this technology requires designing, implementing,   debugging and testing software applications on a continual basis.   Furthermore current software development is typically performed in a   distributed environment involving many developers. While the use of   open-source software may create collaborative communities that enhance   overall technology exchange, it does nothing directly to manage change   nor does it address the quality of the underlying software. This paper   describes a software development process that has proven vital to the   success of the widely used open-source toolkits ITK (itk.org) and VTK   (vtk.org). This process facilitates cross-platform development, includes   automatic documentation generation, integrates continuous testing, and   posts the results of the process on publicly accessible web pages. The   net result is that a responsive feedback loop is created between the   developers in the community and automated processes to measure software   quality. With this process software converges towards better software as   long as the process is enforced. The tools described here are   open-source and available for use in academic and commercial   applications.",NA
1223,Article,Standardization and {Other} {Coordination} {Mechanisms} in {Open} {Source} {Software},"Open Source Software (OSS) offers programmers the opportunity to elaborate and adapt source code. It is an opportunity to diverge. We would therefore expect incompatible strains of software to develop, and consequently a demand for standardization to arise. However, this is only partly the case. In this paper we explore which other coordinative mechanisms are at work apart from committee standardization. We identify four other categories of coordinative mechanisms, and illustrate their relevance in OSS development. They complement committee standardization, can be used in standardization, and are sometimes an alternative to standardization. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1224,Article,The `Mill on the Floss': Generic plurality in George Eliot,"George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss is obviously the result of generic   interferences, the diegesis borrowing a lot from the traditional family   saga, but also from the complex structure of classical tragedy, Eliot's   understanding of the direct social consequences of Darwin's theories,   and the oblique presence of the supernatural with the final overflowing   of the Floss. The Mill on the Floss is thus a novel whose structure is   wholly based on the blending of several types and subgenres. The novel   itself depends on the combination of several discourses, which enrich   each other and obliquely create the conditions of their compatibility.   The very end of the novel thus benefits from the melodramatic dimension   and tradition it seems to imitate, whereas the novel itself cannot be   termed a melodrama. In The Mill on the Floss, each subgenre directly   redefines George Eliot's novel and creates the possibility of the   blending of different genres and types.",NA
1225,Article,"The politics of ""free"": open source software in government","Linux has become a Wall Street buzzword, much like 'e-commerce' and 'dot-com' before it"" according to Sam Williams in &lt;u&gt;Free as in Freedom&lt;/u&gt;. Even after the dot-com bust, however, the adoption of open source alternatives, such as the GNU/Linux operating system, is still a hot topic in both the public and private sectors. With large companies such as Sun Microsystems and IBM now giving their full support to open source initiatives and the growing consumer backlash against the Microsoft Windows operating system, the so-called open source movement is beginning to gain popular exposure, both in the private sector, as well as in government applications. Governmental use of free software --- not just free in the commercial sense, but ""free as in speech"" --- can have a democratizing effect on the government.",NA
1226,Article,Trust and {Community} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Production},"Open source software production is a successful new innovation model which disproves that only private ownership of intellectual property rights fosters innovations. It is analyzed here under which conditions the open source model may be successful in general. We show that a complex interplay of situational, motivational, \\& institutional factors have to be taken into account to understand how to manage the 'tragedy of the commons' as well as the 'tragedy of the anticommons'. It is argued that the success of this new innovation model is greatly facilitated by a well balanced portfolio of intrinsic \\& extrinsic motivation, low costs for contributors \\& governance mechanisms that do not crowd out intrinsic motivation. 96 References. Adapted from the source document.",10.1515/auk-2004-0115
1230,Article,User {Collaboration} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development},"Open source development is labelled with free source, fast evolution and extensive user collaboration. Previous studies primarily touched on user activities in a few well-known open source projects but lack the empirical data to represent important issues facing the open source development community. This paper reports on a survey-based study that investigated user collaboration in open source development. Among the many interesting results, we found open source users themselves to be very experienced software developers. They are highly motivated to make their own contributions, work closely with developers on various tasks, and use electronic communication tools extensively. Users with different development experience and contributing to different category of projects tend to exhibit different motivations and behaviours. These findings confirm the differences between traditional and open source user collaboration and their implications for future open source evolution and management are given and discussed in this paper. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1231,InProceedings,VersionWeb: A Tool for Open Source Software Development Support,"The amount of communities dedicated to software development has grown up recently stimulated by the support provided by Internet. Although theWeb freedom has its benefits, the communities face lack of organization and privacy when using versions control systems. This paper proposes new functional increments in a tool that tackle the requirements of providing access control and different types of users and consequently gives support to groups of software developers.",NA
1232,InProceedings,VersionWeb: a tool for open source software development support,"The amount of communities dedicated to software development has grown up   recently stimulated by the support provided by Internet. Although the   Web freedom has its benefits, the communities face lack of organization   and privacy when using versions control systems. This paper proposes new   functional increments in a tool that tackle the requirements of   providing access control and different types of users and consequently   gives support to groups of software developers.",10.1109/WEBMED.2004.1348148
1233,InProceedings,A development process for building OSS-Based applications,"It has become great prominence that business organizations are considering open source software (OSS) when looking for software system solutions. However, building applications based on open source software remains an essential issue for many software developers since the new development process differs from traditional in-house development. In this paper, we present a development process based on our experience on using open source software in application development. The new process emphasizes the early assessment to improve the architecture stability and project manageability by assessing available OSS. A set of measurable assessment criteria is established in assessing OSS candidates and making optimal decisions in the development process. A case study is discussed to show the application of this process.",10.1007/11608035_13
1235,InProceedings,A reliability assessment method based on ANP for an open source software,"At present, a software development paradigm based on an open source   project is rapidly spreading. In this paper, we show application   examples of software reliability assessment method based on ANP and   software reliability growth models for Xfce which is the software system   developed under the open source project. Also, we analyze actual   software fault count data to show numerical examples of software   reliability assessment for concurrent distributed development   environment. Moreover, we consider an efficient and effective software   reliability assessment method for the actual open source project.",NA
1236,InProceedings,A security evaluation and testing methodology for open source software   embedded information security system,"Many of Information Security Systems (ISS) have been developed by using   and embedding Open Source Software(OSS) such as OpenSSL. The   ``OSS-embedded ISS{''} should be tested and evaluated when it will be   used as a security product or system for an organization. In this   paper,we present a test and evaluation procedure for an OSS-embedded   ISS, and ROSEM(real-time OpenSSL execution monitoring system) that is a   testing tool in according to presented methodology. The main function of   ROSEM such as an execution path generator for OpenSSL is useful for test   case generation in the CC evaluation scheme.",NA
1237,InProceedings,A security evaluation and testing methodology for open source software embedded information security system,"Many of Information Security Systems (ISS) have been developed by using and embedding Open Source Software(OSS) such as OpenSSL. The “OSS-embedded ISS” should be tested and evaluated when it will be used as a security product or system for an organization. In this paper,we present a test and evaluation procedure for an OSS-embedded ISS, and ROSEM(real-time OpenSSL execution monitoring system) that is a testing tool in according to presented methodology. The main function of ROSEM such as an execution path generator for OpenSSL is useful for test case generation in the CC evaluation scheme.",10.1007/11424826_23
1238,InProceedings,A software reliability assessment tool based on AHP and SRGM for an open   source software,"At present, network technologies have made rapid progress with the   dissemination of computer in all areas. These network technologies   become increasingly more complex in a wide sphere. Thereby, software   development environment has been changing into new development paradigm.   Furthermore, a software development paradigm based on an open source   project is rapidly spreading.   In this paper, we propose software reliability assessment methods for   open source software system by using the analytic hierarchy process and   software reliability a growth models. Especially, we develop the   software testing-management tool for open source software system by   using Java programming language. Also, we analyze actual software fault   count data to show numerical examples of software reliability assessment   tool for the open source project. Furthermore, we investigate an   efficient software reliability assessment method for the actual open   source system development.",NA
1239,InProceedings,A study of Online discussions in an open-source software community::   Reconstructing thematic coherence and argumentation from quotation   practices,"This paper presents an analysis of online discussions in Open Source   Software (OSS) design. The objective of our work is twofold. First, our   research aims to understand and model the dynamics of OSS design that   take place in mailing list exchanges. Second, our more long term   objective is to develop tools to assist OSS developers to extract and   reconstruct design relevant information from previous discussions. We   show how quotation practices can be used to locate design relevant data   in discussion archives. OSS developers use quotation as a mechanism to   maintain the discursive context. To retrace thematic coherence in the   online discussions of a major OSS project, Python, we follow how   messages are linked through quotation practices. We compare our   quotation-based analysis with a more conventional, thread-based analysis   of the (reply-to) links between messages. The advantages of a   quotation-based analysis over a thread-based analysis are outlined. Our   approach provides a means to analyze argumentation and design rationales   and promises a novel means to discover design relevant information in   the archives of online discussions. Our analysis reveals also the links   between the social structure and elements in the discussion space and   how it shapes influence in the design process.",10.1007/1-4020-3591-8\\_16
1240,InProceedings,An e-learning environment based on open-source software,"The system we have built is aimed at supporting learning activities of the degree course in computer science. The defined learning environment is based on ATutor, a freeware and multiplatform Learning Component Management System developed by the University of Toronto. Among the present courses, the attention is pointed out on the computer architecture course, which also integrates a processor simulation within the courseware.",NA
1241,InProceedings,An exploratory study for effective COTS and OSS product marketing,"Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) and Open Source Software (OSS) products   have had significant impact on software development. The phenomenology   of COTS-Based systems challenges the software community by emphasising   the problems of COTS/OSS products identification, selection and   evaluation. In this paper we address these problems by looking how the   marketing of such COTS/OSS products can affect their identification and   selection. We propose decisive factors that can help COTS/OSS product   providers to market their products more effectively and assist users to   conduct COTS/OSS product identification and selection more efficiently.",NA
1242,Article,"Arcelor House, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses - Energetic performances and   environmental qualities (Pascal Bonaud)",NA,NA
1243,InProceedings,COTS and open source software components: Are they really different on   the battlefield?,"When referring to Open Source Software (OSS) components, researchers,   coders and managers do not feel comfortable in defining them as COTS.   Many discussions have been aimed to decide whether or not OSS can be   considered a COTS without reaching the unanimous consensus of the   different international communities. This paper abandons any theoretical   aspect of that question and focuses on the practical steps to follow   when assembling component-based systems using also OSS components. All   the activities normally performed when integrating COTS in a in-house   built software are reviewed with the intention of underlining if the   availability of the source code (and its possible exploitation) makes   any difference. Moreover this article analyzes all the activities to   perform when using OSS in a component-based system that are not   necessary when using COTS. The purpose of this paper is to provide a   guideline for the correct use of OSS within component-based systems, and   not to answer whether OSS are considered or not COTS, leaving this task   to the reader.",NA
1244,InProceedings,COTS and open source software components: are they really different on the battlefield?,"When referring to Open Source Software (OSS) components, researchers, coders and managers do not feel comfortable in defining them as COTS. Many discussions have been aimed to decide whether or not OSS can be considered a COTS without reaching the unanimous consensus of the different international communities. This paper abandons any theoretical aspect of that question and focuses on the practical steps to follow when assembling component-based systems using also OSS components. All the activities normally performed when integrating COTS in a in-house built software are reviewed with the intention of underlining if the availability of the source code (and its possible exploitation) makes any difference. Moreover this article analyzes all the activities to perform when using OSS in a component-based system that are not necessary when using COTS. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guideline for the correct use of OSS within component-based systems, and not to answer whether OSS are considered or not COTS, leaving this task to the reader.",10.1007/978-3-540-30587-3_39
1245,InProceedings,"Collaboration, Leadership, Control, and Conflict Negotiation and the Netbeans.org Open Source Software Development Community","Large open source software development communities are quickly learning that, to be successful, they must integrate efforts not only among the organizations investing developers within the community and unaffiliated volunteer contributors, but also negotiate relationships with external groups hoping to sway the social and technical direction of the community and its products. Leadership and control sharing across organizations and individuals in and between communities are common sources of conflict. Such conflict often leads to breakdowns in collaboration. This paper seeks to explore the negotiation of these conflicts, collaborative efforts, and leadership and control structures in the Netbeans.org community.",10.1109/HICSS.2005.147
1246,InProceedings,Commercial adoption of open source software: An empirical study,"There has been a dramatic increase in commercial interest in the   potential of Open Source Software (OSS) over the past few years.   However, given the many complex and novel issues that surround the use   of OSS, the process of OSS adoption is not well-understood. We   investigated this issue using a framework derived from innovation   adoption theory which was then validated in an organisation which had   embarked on a large-scale of adoption of OSS. The framework comprised   four macro-factors - external environment, organisational context,   technological context and individual factors. We then investigated these   factors in a large-scale survey. Overall, the findings suggest a   significant penetration of OSS with general deployment in two industry   sectors consultancy/sotware house and service/communication - and more   limited deployment in government/public sector. However, the existence   of a coherent and planned IT infrastructure based on proprietary;   software served to impede adoption of OSS. Finally, individual-relevant   factors such as support for the general OSS ideology and committed   personal championship of OSS were found to be significant.",10.1109/ISESE.2005.1541831
1247,Article,Comparison of Course Support Environments: Commercial Versus Open Source   Software,"Course-support environments are an important technical development   relating to computer communications in education that involves the   linking of a web-compliant user interface and web-compliant tools and   applets with an underlying database. This paper presents a comparison   among three different course support environments. One of them is a   commercial product and the other two are open source software. The   comparison includes various features from the student, and the   instructor point of view.",NA
1248,InProceedings,Comparison of Software Reliability Assessment Methods for Open Source Software,"IT (Information Technology) advanced with steady steps from 1970\\'{y}s is essential in our daily life. As the results of the advances in high-speed data-transfer network technology, software development environment has been changing into new development paradigm. In this paper, we propose software reliability assessment methods for concurrent distributed system development by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Also, we make a comparison between the inflection S-shaped software reliability growth model and the other models based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process applied to reliability assessment of the entire system composed of several software components. Moreover, we analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of software reliability assessment for the open source project. Furthermore, we investigate an efficient software reliability assessment method for the actual open source system development.",10.1109/ICPADS.2005.111
1249,InProceedings,Comparison of software reliability assessment methods for open source   software,"IT (Information Technology) advanced with steady steps from 1970's is   essential in our daily life. As the results of the advances in   high-speed data-transfer network technology, software development   environment has been changing into new development paradigm.   In this paper, we propose software reliability assessment methods for   concurrent distributed system development by using the Analytic   Hierarchy Process. Also, we make a comparison between the inflection   S-shaped software reliability growth model and the other models based on   a non-homogeneous Poisson process applied to reliability assessment of   the entire system composed of several software components. Moreover we   analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for the open source project.   Furthermore, we investigate an efficient software reliability assessment   method for the actual open source system development.",NA
1250,InProceedings,Conventional and Open Source Software Reuse at Orbotech - An Industrial Experience,"Orbotech, as part of the Israeli Software Reuse Industrial Consortium (ISWRIC), explored the possibilities of software reuse in a three-year project, supported by the Israel Ministry of Trade and Commerce. The positive economical results of the project made software reuse a common practice at Orbotech. Further experimentation of reusing Open Source Software (OSS) demonstrated the high potential of that approach, when carefully integrated with the standard organizational development process. The conclusions from Orbotech experience are that when carefully planned and implemented, software reuse provides the anticipated benefits of cost reduction, improved quality and shorter Time-to-Market. The reuse of OSS may provide even higher benefits than conventional software reuse. Nevertheless, as in many cases before, implementation of software reuse requires management support and commitment, as well as acceptance by the developers themselves. As such, software reuse implementation proves to be a complex task that needs to be tailored specifically to the implementing organization.",10.1109/SWSTE.2005.11
1252,Article,Coordination processes in open source software development The Linux   case study,"Although open source projects have been subject to extensive study,   their coordination processes are still poorly understood. Drawing on   organization theory, this paper sets out to remedy this imbalance by   showing that large-scale open source projects exhibit three main   coordination mechanisms, namely standardization, loose coupling and   partisan mutual adjustment. Implications in terms of   electronically-mediated communications and networked interdependencies   are discussed in the final sections where a new light is cast on the   concept of structuring as a by-product of localized adjustments.",NA
1253,Article,Creating and managing {XML} with open source software,"The purpose of this paper is to review a number of open source eXtensible Markup Language (XML) applications and systems including editors, validators, native XML database, and publishing systems; to describe how some of these tools have been combined by the author to create a specific system, for a specific need. An overview of XML is provided, a number of open source XML applications/systems are reviewed, and a system created by the author using some of these tools is described. The open source tools for working with XML are maturing, and they provide the means for the library profession to easily publish library content on the Internet, using open standards. Here are some of the process used to publish things: 1. Have an idea. 2. Write it down. 3. Mark it up in Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). 4. Assign subject terms. 5. Make sure the terms are in the database. 6. Add the TEI to the database; do the data entry. 7. Build the TEI file. 8. Check it for validity.",10.1108/07378830510636328
1254,Article,Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a   compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSS experiments,"A Doppler radar data assimilation system is developed based on an   ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method and tested with simulated radar   data from a supercell storm. As a first implementation, it is assumed   that the forward models are perfect and that the radar data are sampled   at the analysis grid points. A general purpose nonhydrostatic   compressible model is used with the inclusion of complex multiclass ice   microphysics. New aspects of this study compared to previous work   include the demonstration of the ability of the EnKF method to retrieve   multiple microphysical species associated with a multiclass ice   microphysics scheme, and to accurately retrieve the wind and   thermodynamic variables. Also new are the inclusion of reflectivity   observations and the determination of the relative role of the radial   velocity and reflectivity data as well as their spatial coverage in   recovering the full-flow and cloud fields. In general, the system is   able to reestablish the model storm extremely well after a number of   assimilation cycles, and best results are obtained when both radial   velocity and reflectivity data, including reflectivity information   outside of the precipitation regions, are used. Significant positive   impact of the reflectivity assimilation is found even though the   observation operator involved is nonlinear. The results also show that a   compressible model that contains acoustic modes, hence the associated   error growth, performs at least as well as an anelastic model used in   previous EnKF studies at the cloud scale.   Flow-dependent and dynamically consistent background error covariances   estimated from the forecast ensemble play a critical role in successful   assimilation and retrieval. When the assimilation cycles start from   random initial perturbations, better results are obtained when the   updating of the fields that are not directly related to radar   reflectivity is withheld during the first few cycles. In fact, during   the first few cycles, the updating of the variables indirectly related   to reflectivity hurts the analysis. This is so because the estimated   background covariances are unreliable at this stage of the data   assimilation process, which is related to the way the forecast ensemble   is initialized. Forecasts of supercell storms starting from the   best-assimilated initial conditions are shown to remain very good for at   least 2 It.",10.1175/MWR2898.1
1255,InProceedings,FOSS localization: A solution for the ICT dilemma of developing   countries,"Information and communication technology (ICT) has tremendously expanded   over the last three decades making the access to right information at   the right time feasible ensuring the success of an individual,   organization or culture. In order to make the most out of this exciting   revolution one must be in a position to afford and completely comprehend   what is offered by this technology. Unfortunately most of the software   are controlled by proprietary that are economically unaffordable for   developing countries and are based on a on language that is not   comprehendible by their masses. Software localization of Free and Open   Source Software (FOSS) is an effort that addresses this Software (FOSS)   is an effort that addresses this twofold dilemma. FOSS made software   affordable while localization bridges the language barrier that helps   people to fully comprehend and utilize the benefits of ICT In this   research we have explored various aspects of the software localization   of free and open source operating system (FOSOS) and developed a working   prototype. Paper explains concept and all the technical steps of FOSS   localization of Ubuntu Linux that is a FOSOS with a foreseeable future   work.",NA
1257,InProceedings,Finding Predictors of Field Defects for Open Source Software Systems in Commonly Available Data Sources: A Case Study of OpenBSD,"Open source software systems are important components of many business software applications. Field defect predictions for open source software systems may allow organizations to make informed decisions regarding open source software components. In this paper, we remotely measure and analyze predictors (metrics available before release) mined from established data sources (the code repository and the request tracking system) as well as a novel source of data (mailing list archives) for nine releases of OpenBSD. First, we attempt to predict field defects by extending a software reliability model fitted to development defects. We find this approach to be infeasible, which motivates examining metrics-based field defect prediction. Then, we evaluate 139 predictors using established statistical methods: Kendall\\'{y}s rank correlation, Pearson\\'{y}s rank correlation, and forward AIC model selection. The metrics we collect include product metrics, development metrics, deployment and usage metrics, and software and hardware configurations metrics. We find the number of messages to the technical discussion mailing list during the development period (a deployment and usage metric captured from mailing list archives) to be the best predictor of field defects. Our work identifies predictors of field defects in commonly available data sources for open source software systems and is a step towards metricsbased field defect prediction for quantitatively-based decision making regarding open source software components.",10.1109/METRICS.2005.26
1258,InProceedings,Finding predictors of field defects for open source software systems in   commonly available data sources: a case study of OpenBSD,"Open source software systems are important components of many business   software applications. Field defect predictions for open source   soft-ware systems may allow organizations to make informed decisions   regarding open source software components. In this paper, we remotely   measure and analyze predictors (metrics available before release) mined   from established data sources (the code repository and the request   tracking system) as well as a novel source of data (mailing list   archives) for nine releases of OpenBSD. First, we attempt to predict   field defects by extending a software reliability model fitted to   development defects. We find this approach to be infeasible, which   motivates examining metrics-based field defect prediction. Then, we   evaluate 139 predictors using established statistical methods: Kendall's   rank correlation, Pearson's rank correlation, and forward AIC model   selection. The metrics we collect include product metrics, development   metrics, deployment and usage metrics, and software and hardware   configurations metrics. We find the number of messages to the technical   discussion mailing list during the development period (a deployment and   usage metric captured from mailing list archives) to be the best   predictor of field defects. Our work identifies predictors of field   defects in commonly available data sources for open source software   systems and is a step towards metrics-based field defect prediction for   quantitatively-based decision making regarding open source software   components.",NA
1259,Article,Free/{Open} {Source} {Software} {Development},"The book Free/Open Source Software Development, edited by Stefan Koch, is reviewed.",10.1108/14684520510607650
1260,Article,From desktop to data centre - addressing the OSS challenges in the   delivery of network-centric ICT services,"With increased commoditisation of traditional services,   telecommunications service providers are exploiting their core   network-centric strengths and targeting increased revenues from   ICT-based services. Aimed at enterprise-scale customers, these services   range from the provision of IP-VPNs to full IT outsourcing, and span the   range of infrastructure domains from desktop to data centre. The primary   challenge lies not in the ICT infrastructure itself, but in the   increasing demands placed upon the operational support systems (OSS) to   deliver services holistically across the range of ICT operations. Based   on BT's experience with corporate and government customers, this paper   presents a detailed study of the ICT challenges on the OSS in achieving   an end-to-end view of ICT service management. It proposes an   architectural route forward and highlights BT's work on policy-based   service management solutions.",10.1007/s10550-005-0032-3
1262,Article,Government policies supporting open source software for the mass market,"This paper analyzes the impact on social welfare of government policies   supporting open source software (OSS). Mass-market consumers can be   divided between those who are informed about the existence of OSS and   those who are uninformed. Since OSS producers have little incentive to   advertise, there may be a substantial mass of uniformed consumers,   leading to market failures that may justify government intervention. We   study three government policies: (a) mandated adoption, whereby the   government forces public agencies, schools, and universities to adopt   OSS, (b) information provision, whereby the government informs the   uninformed users about the existence and the characteristics of OSS, and   (c) subsidy, whereby the government makes a payment to consumers if they   adopt OSS. We show that mandated adoption and information provision may   increase social welfare, but the subsidy always reduces it. When network   externalities are added to the model, we show that mandated adoption and   information provision may increase social welfare if they help the   market to tip towards standardization.",10.1007/s11151-004-7297-4
1264,Article,Handling variety: the tension between adaptability and interoperability   of open source software,"Open source software (OSS) offers unprecedented opportunities to create   variety. This could lead to incompatibility and fragmentation. To   prevent this some form of coordination is needed. This paper explores   which mechanisms of coordination are responsible for limiting divergence   in OSS. Two cases are examined: Java and Linux.   A systematic difference seems to exist between the mechanisms identified   in the two communities. With respect to Java, divergence is where   possible avoided ex ante, whereas for Linux divergence is foremost   reduced ex post. The conclusion discusses this difference and the   implications of both types of coordination in respect to   interoperability. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.csi.2004.12.004
1265,Article,Linux in the classroom: an experience with linux and open-source software in an educational environment,NA,NA
1266,InProceedings,Managerial and technical barriers to the adoption of open source   software,"In this paper we focus on managerial and technical decisions for   acquisition of OSS and discuss potential approaches to a widespread   adoption of OSS. Moving from mainly technical issues in procurement to   corporate IS governance presents OSS with new challenges beyond   outlining a business case for a particular OSS application. We draw   parallels to the business case for commercial software products (COTS).   Compared with COTS, OSS products seem to have several advantages, but   based on existing literature and a case study, we develop and discuss   the hypothesis that a major barrier may be the ``customer's{''}   uncertainty and unfamiliarity with OSS vendor relationships. We find   that corporate governance and architecture needs to be accounted for in   both COTS and OSS. This paper should be seen as a first step researching   the fit between procurement and delivery models for OSS.",NA
1267,InProceedings,Managerial and technical barriers to the adoption of open source software,"In this paper we focus on managerial and technical decisions for acquisi tion of OSS and discuss potential approaches to a widespread adoption of OSS. Moving from mainly techni cal issues in procurement to corporate IS governance presents OSS with new challenges beyond outlining a business case for a particular OSS application. We draw parallels to the business case for commercial software products (COTS). Compared with COTS, OSS products seem to have several advantages, but based on existing literature and a case study, we develop and discuss the hypothesis that a major barrier may be the “customer's” uncertainty and unfamiliarity with OSS vendor relationships. We find that corporate governance and architecture needs to be accounted for in both COTS and OSS. This paper should be seen as a first step researching the fit between procurement and delivery models for OSS.",10.1007/978-3-540-30587-3_38
1268,Article,"Maxillary sinus augmentation with Bio-Oss<SUP>®</SUP> particles:: A   light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy study in man","Biological interactions occurring at the bone-biomaterial interface are   critical for long-term clinical success. Bio-Oss (R) is a deproteinized,   sterilized bovine bone that has been extensively used in bone   regeneration procedures. The aim of the present study was a comparative   light, scanning, and electron microscopy evaluation of the interface   between Bio-Oss (R) and bone in specimens retrieved after sinus   augmentation procedures. Under light microscopy, most of the particles   were surrounded by newly formed bone, while in a few cases, at the   interface of some particles it was possible to observe marrow spaces and   biological fluids. Under scanning electron microscopy, in most cases,   the particle perimeter appeared lined by bone that was tightly adherent   to the biomaterial surface. Transmission electron microscopy showed that   the bone tissue around the biomaterial showed all the phases of the bone   healing process. In some areas, randomly organized collagen fibers were   present, while in other areas, newly formed compact bone was present. In   the first bone lamella collagen fibers contacting the Bio-Oss (R)   surface were oriented at 243.73 +/- 7.12 degrees (mean +/- SD), while in   the rest of the lamella they were oriented at 288.05 +/- 4.86 degrees   (mean +/- SD) with a statistically significant difference of 44.32   degrees (p < 0.001). In the same areas the intensity of gray value was   172.56 +/- 18.15 (mean +/- SD) near the biomaterial surface and 158.71   +/- 21.95 (mean +/- SD) in the other part of the lamella with an   unstatistically significant difference of 13.79 (P = 0.071). At the   bone-biomaterial interface there was also an electron-dense layer   similar to cement lines. This layer had a variable morphology being, in   some areas, a thin line, and in other areas, a thick irregular band. The   analyses showed that Bio-Oss (R) particles do not interfere with the   normal osseous healing process after sinus lift procedures and promote   new bone formation. In conclusion, this study serves as a better   understanding of the morphollogic characteristics of Bio-Oss (R) and its   interaction with the surrounding tissues. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals,   Inc.",10.1002/jbm.b.30196
1269,Article,Measuring the new economy: Industrial classification and open source   software production,"We analyze the way in which the North American Industry Classification   System (NAICS) handles the categorization of open source software   production, foregrounding theoretical and political aspects of knowledge   organization. NAICS is the industry classification scheme used by the   governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States to carry out their   respective economic censuses. NAICS is considered a rational system that   uses the underlying economic principle of similar production processes   as the basis for its classes. For the Information Sector of the economy,   as formulated in NAICS, a key production process is the acquisition and   defense of copyright. With open source, copyleft licensing eliminates   copyright acquisition and protection as major production processes,   suggesting that the open source software industry warrants a separate   NAICS category. More importantly, our analysis suggests that NAICS   cannot be understood as a taxonomy of objective economic activity but is   instead a politically and historically contingent system of data   classification.",NA
1270,InProceedings,Mechanism Design to Promote Free Market and Open Source Software Innovation,"Some economic strategists now assert that the greatest value in information goods is not created by thestrongest and most restrictive intellectual property protection. Proponents of Open Source Software argue for value created by peer review and openly modifiable shared code. To explore these ideas, we articulate a balance of incentives as indexed by the length of time that software remains proprietary, and openness as indexed by the amount of the platform code base that an author releases to the developer community (and users) to promote the creation of new products. We analyze the trade-off between early and late release based on a two-sided network externality that explores how the release of free information benefits those who develop as well as those who consume. We also introduce a framing innovation that places existing licenses in a space that suggests where unexplored socially optimal licenses might exist.",10.1109/HICSS.2005.406
1271,InCollection,OPTIMALFIRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,This paper examines open source software development in a competitive   environment. The quality of open source software improves over time   based upon contributions by firms and users. A. firm's decision to   contribute is interesting because it also augments competitors' software   quality in future periods subject to compatibility considerations with   their existing software. A differential game model is developed to   understand why firms are increasingly involved in open source software   development by determining the optimal contributions and software   quality over time. We obtain a closed-loop Nash equilibrium solution.   Examples are given to derive insights from this model.,NA
1272,InProceedings,OSS functions for flexible charging and billing of mobile services in a   federated environment,"The 3G environment is promising a wide range of services with a variety   of pricing structures and billing schemes for use over different network   operator domains, i.e., a federated environment. A key success factor is   to respond to customers' desires to choose the billing scheme that suits   their needs, to subscribe to all services as a service package, and to   pay for them via a single bill regardless of service type, service   location, service providers and network operators. Furthermore,   customers may want to choose their services and compose a package   dynamically without paying attention to the billing scheme used. The   main premise of this paper is that pre-paid and post-paid billing   schemes will merge and customers will use services according to their   account balance and credits, as opposed to their billing scheme. The   requirement on service providers is to use OSS (Operations Support   System) functions and the accompanying information model to support   diverse pricing and billing schemes, which is a complex task. This paper   presents key OSS functions and an information model that tackle this   complexity. Challenges are described and requirements are defined.   Related efforts are highlighted, and the context surrounding this work   is laid out in detail. Finally, individual entities of information model   and OSS functions are defined and an example using flow-chart to   illustrate interaction of functions is presented.",10.1109/INM.2005.1440844
1274,InProceedings,OSS tools in a heterogeneous environment for embedded systems modelling: an analysis of adoptions of XMI,"The development and maintenance of UML models is an inherently distributed activity, where distribution may be geographical, temporal or both. It is therefore increasingly important to be able to interchange model information between tools - whether in a tool chain, for legacy reasons or because of the natural heterogeneity resulting from distributed development contexts. In this study we consider the current utility of XMI interchange for supporting OSS tool adoption to complement other tools in an embedded systems development context. We find that the current state of play is disappointing, and speculate that the problem lies both with the open standards and the way in which they are being supported and interpreted. There is a challenge here for the OSS community to take a lead as tool vendors gear up for XMI 2.0.",10.1145/1083258.1083267
1275,InProceedings,OSS: A Spatial Decision Support System for Optimal Zoning of Marine   Protected Areas,"We have developed the Optimisation Support System (OSS), a spatial   decision support system, to deliver optimal solutions to the problem of   identifying comprehensive, adequate and representative locations for   conservation planning.   The South Australian Government is committed to establishing a   comprehensive, adequate and representative system of 19 marine protected   areas (MPAs) by 2010. Each MPA will be the target for detailed   investigations into its biophysical, ecological, social, economic and   cultural assets. The aim is to use this information to delineate each   MPA into a series of zones that offer various levels of protection and   use. At the highest level all marine use and extraction activities will   be excluded to allow maximum protection of species diversity and   habitat. Community consultation and collaboration is therefore critical   for successful MPA establishment. A demand exists for the development of   a process that allows public participation within a conservation   planning environment.   The concept of excluding certain activities, including recreational   fishing, has generated much interest in the local media. Recent   headlines such as `Calls to Shelve Marine Parks', `Anglers Fight For   Future of Jetty Fishing' and `330+ Submissions on MPA Proposal'   demonstrate the importance of open consultation and the need to provide   an inclusive and transparent decision-making process for the design of   MPAs. A decision support tool can facilitate decision-making within a   negotiating and conflict resolution environment.   We have collated and processed a large database of spatial layers   describing the biophysical and human-use features of the marine   environment. The biophysical data was then used to identify surrogate   ecological regions within the Encounter Pilot MPA. The datasets were   categorised into classes describing bathymetry, sea surface temperature,   chlorophyll `a' concentration levels, benthic and coastal habitat types,   and shoreline exposure and type. Locations that most efficiently   represent these surrogates of biodiversity were selected using a common   mathematical integer programming optimisation algorithm.   Established conservation planning principles underpin this research.   Inputs into OSS are a suite of environmental, social, cultural and   economic datasets. Optimal solutions are found using integer programming   algorithms. Implementation is within a Geographic Information System   environment (ESRI's ArcGIS) and third-party commercial software (ILOG's   CPLEX) provides the optimisation engine. The user interface of OSS can   be accessed through a toolbar button and comprises a series of input   modules. Fields are quick and easy to populate and in many cases are   read directly from an ArcGIS map document Table of Contents. Solutions   are found in less than 1 minute when using datasets described in this   paper   OSSThis paper briefly demonstrates the application of systematic   conservation planning to optimal MPA design and the development of OSS,   and explores options for public participation. We demonstrate how OSS   and systematic conservation planning can be taken to the wider community   to produce on-the-fly outputs. Our novel approach has the potential to   build partnerships with community groups and give the community a sense   of ownership in the decision-making process. It is more likely that   conflicts will be minimised and negotiation hastened for a better MPA   zoning outcome for all.",NA
1277,InProceedings,Observations on patterns of development in open source software projects,This paper discusses a project aimed at understanding how open source software evolves by examining patterns of development and changes in releases over time. The methodological approach of the research and initial observations are described. These include descriptions of release cycles and categorization of projects based on the overall changes in size and complexity exhibited across releases. Implications of these observations are discussed in light of prior and future work on understanding OSS evolution.,10.1145/1083258.1083272
1278,InProceedings,Open Source Application Spaces: The 5th Workshop on Open Source Software   Engineering,"The goal of the 5th Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering is to   bring together researchers and practitioners for the purpose of building   a roadmap of the ways in which various computing application spaces have   been impacted by open source software and also by open source   development methods, tools and organizational structures.",NA
1279,Article,Open Source Software Usage Implications in the Context of Software   Development,"Open source software (OSS) is becoming increasingly popular in several   aspects of software engineering activities, ranging from using OSS for   development or execution environments to incorporating OSS directly into   developed products. OSS and its development projects differ from   proprietary software and closed source projects in several aspects.   Therefore, these aspects should be known and analyzed, before making a   decision for using OSS in a software development project. This paper   analyses various OSS usage strategies in the context of software   development projects. Dependent on cases of usage, different open source   project collaboration models, based on business process models, are   analyzed from several relevant aspects.",NA
1280,Article,Open Source Software implementation in the UK public sector: Evidence   from the field and implications for the future,"Open Source Software (OSS) is a model of computer software development   where the source code is available for programmers to view, read, modify   and re-distribute without the property right restrictions of proprietary   software. OSS has existed as a model for developing computer   applications and software since the 1950s. However, OSS has only found   its way into the public arena within the past decade due to some major   projects gaining significant market share from commercial developers   such as Microsoft. Research in the area of OSS has become more extensive   in recent years and has examined areas such as motivation of programmers   as well as the benefits of OSS. However, literature focusing on the   actual implementation of OSS is more limited with only Fitzgerald and   Kenny {[}(2004). Developing an information infrastructure with Open   Source Software. IEEE Software, 50-55] providing any substantial   analysis of how it might be achieved.   In this paper the focus is on OSS use and implementation within the UK   public sector. This sector has a history of resource wastage and   underperforming information systems. The underpinning issues of   motivation and benefits to organisations will be addressed along with   the difficulties that the UK Government faces in adopting an OSS   strategy. Section 2 examines the existing literature in the area and   explores why OSS should be adopted and implemented by the public sector   in the UK. Section 3 considers the research approach taken and the   results obtained from considering the implementation of OSS in eight   government organisations. Section 4 concludes with a discussion and some   implications for those organisations in the public sector who might wish   to take this approach. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.06.002
1281,InProceedings,Open source application spaces: the 5th workshop on open source software engineering,"The goal of the 5th Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering is to bring together researchers and practitioners for the purpose of building a roadmap of the ways in which various computing application spaces have been impacted by open source software and also by open source development methods, tools and organizational structures.",10.1145/1062455.1062619
1282,InCollection,Open source software development: Structural tension in the American   experiment,NA,10.1016/S0065-2458(04)64006-X
1283,Article,Open source software for medical image processing and visualization,"Societies often create smaller subsets or communities that connect with one another for commerce and intellectual exchange over mutual interests. In science and engineering, the need for communication among researchers is often hampered by artificial barriers of university politics, economic market forces, and the sheer momentum of an academic reward structure that values individual discovery over joint development. Recent initiatives have attempted to reduce some of these barriers, encouraging collaborative multidisciplinary research programs. Through this effort, the processes have been studied that lead to the successful foundation of new communities. The current focus has led to the creation of Insight, a project for open source image processing software development, along with the Insight Software Consortium, which includes more than 17 participating universities and commercial institutions. The initial emphasis of this effort is to provide public software tools for 3D segmentation and deformable and rigid registration, capable of analyzing the head and neck anatomy of the Visible Human Project data. The eventual goal is to provide the cornerstone of a self-sustaining software community in 3D, 4D, and higher dimensional data analysis. Ultimately, this is intended to be a public software resource that will serve as a foundation for future medical image research.",10.1145/1042091.1042120
1285,InProceedings,OpenEC/B: electronic commerce and free/open source software development,"This report investigates Open Source E-Commerce or E-Business capabilities. This entails a case study within one firm that has undertaken an organizational initiative to develop, deploy, use, and support free/open source software systems for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), E-Commerce (EC) or E-Business (EB) services. The objective is to identify and characterize the resource-based software product development capabilities that lie at the center of the initiative.",10.1145/1083258.1083270
1286,Article,"Operational support evolution with web services - The impact of IMS/NGN,   OSDE and web services on OSS/BSS",NA,NA
1287,Article,"Osteogenic potential of injectable tissue-engineered bone:: A comparison   among autogenous bone, bone substitute (Bio-oss<SUP>®</SUP>),   platelet-rich plasma, and tissue-engineered bone with respect to their   mechanical properties and histological findings","Recently, tissue engineering has become available as a regenerative   treatment for bone defects. However, the evaluation of its success is   limited to histological analysis, and its effects on mechanical hardness   remain to be investigated. This study investigated mechanical strength   in support of histological findings, specifically for tissue-engineered   bone with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich-plasma (PRP).   Initially, teeth were extracted, and bone defects on both sides of the   mandible were prepared with a trephine bar. The defects were implanted   by using the following graft materials: 1) PRP, 2) PRP and dog MSCs   (dMSCs), 3) autogenous bone (PCBM), 4) bone substitute (Bio-Oss (R)),   and 5) control (defects only). After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of   implantation, the defects were histologically assessed to examine their   mechanical properties. According to histological observations, the   dMSCs/PRP groups had well-formed mature bone compared with the control   (defects only), Bio-Oss (R), and PRP groups. The Vickers hardness test   values were 8 (control), 9 (PRP), not detected (Bio-Oss (R)), 11 (PCBM),   and 17 (dMSCs/PRP) after 2 weeks. Therefore, tissue-engineered bone can   be used for early stage bone regeneration from the viewpoint of   histology and mechanical properties. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",10.1002/jbm.a.30248
1288,Article,Policy-based model-driven engineering of pervasive services and the   associated OSS,"This paper presents our work towards a fully functioning platform for   pervasive service engineering in an operational support services (OSS)   context for an ICT service provider. The focus of the paper lies in a   proof-of-concept for a novel means to develop and execute pervasive   services, with simplicity and maintainability as prime drivers. The   essence of this approach is the novel integration of the policy-based   management (PBM) techniques and the model-driven architecture (MDA)   techniques for specifying pervasive services and their behaviour,   together with auto-generation of middleware implementation and policy   enablement. The presence of policies provides pervasive services with   the high flexibility and adaptability needed for dealing with changing   environments and resource availabilities, while the introduction of MDA   for defining pervasive service information models fundamentally solves   the information modelling puzzle of current policy-based approaches.   Additionally, MDA's middleware-neutral feature benefits the smooth   evolution of pervasive services as a piece of software artefact in the   face of heterogeneous devices and platforms. A preliminary case study   has demonstrated the practical feasibility and benefits of this   approach. The case study revolves around an ICT service called TEANU -   transparent enterprise access for nomadic user. The service provides a   means for nomadic users to maintain a secure access to their enterprise   network in the presence of multiple access network providers with   different service level guarantees.",10.1007/s10550-005-0039-9
1290,Article,Relationships between open source software companies and communities:   Observations from Nordic firms,"This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in   open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that   important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly   reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this,   firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities   in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the   relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way   of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology   consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to   handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the   chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also   use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying   on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the   community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with   more challenging managerial issues. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.respol.2005.02.003
1291,Article,Relationships between open source software companies and communities: {Observations} from {Nordic} firms,"This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1292,Article,Sinus augmentation utilizing anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) with   absorbable and nonabsorbable membranes placed over the lateral window:   Histomorphometric and clinical analyses,"The purpose of the present study, which used anorganic bovine bone   (Bio-Oss) with and without autogenous bone as the augmentation material,   was to compare the results of sinus elevation performed without a   membrane (control) with the results of sinus elevation performed with   either a short-term bioabsorbable membrane (Bio-Gide) or a nonabsorbable   membrane (Gore-Tex) with regard to both vital bone formation and implant   survival. Sinus lifts were performed on 51 patients (38 unilateral, 13   bilateral) with the delayed placement of 135 implants. Histomorphometric   data were obtained at the time of implant placement, 6 to 10 months   following the grafting procedure. Vital bone formation was 17.6\\%,   16.9\\%, and 12.1\\%, respectively, for the Bio-Gide, Gore-Tex, and no   membrane groups. Of the 135 implants placed there were 3 failures (2   Bio-Gide, 1 GoreTex). There was no significant difference between the   membrane groups as to vital bone formation and implant survival.",NA
1293,InCollection,Software Process Maturity and the Success of Free Software Projects,"The success of free software and open source projects has increased   interest in utilizing the open source model for mature software   development. However, the ad hoc nature of open source development may   result in poor quality software or failures for a number of volunteer   projects. In this paper, projects from SourceForge are assessed to test   the hypothesis that there is a relationship between process maturity and   the success of free software and open source projects. This study   addresses the question of whether the maturity of particular software   processes differs in successful and unsuccessful projects. Processes are   identified that are key factors in successful free software projects.   The insights gained from this study can be applied as to improve the   software process used by free software projects.",NA
1294,InProceedings,Software Process Maturity and the Success of Free Software Projects,"The success of free software and open source projects has increased interest in utilizing the open source model for mature software development. However, the ad hoc nature of open source development may result in poor quality software or failures for a number of volunteer projects. In this paper, projects from SourceForge are assessed to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between process maturity and the success of free software and open source projects. This study addresses the question of whether the maturity of particular software processes differs in successful and unsuccessful projects. Processes are identified that are key factors in successful free software projects. The insights gained from this study can be applied as to improve the software process used by free software projects.",NA
1295,InProceedings,The Mysteries of Open Source Software: Black and White and Red All Over?,"Open Source Software (OSS) has attracted enormous media and research attention since the term was coined in February 1998. The concept itself is founded on the paradoxical premise that software source code-the 'crown jewels' for many proprietary software companies-should be provided freely to anyone who wishes to see it. Given this fundamental initial paradox, it is perhaps hardly surprising that the OSS concept is characterised by contradictions, paradoxes and tensions throughout. In this paper we focus specifically on the following issues in relation to OSS: the cathedral v. bazaar development approach; collectivism v. individualism, the bitter strife within the OSS community itself (OSS v. OSS), and between OSS and the Free Software Foundation (OSS v. FSF); whether OSS represents a paradigm shift in the software industry; whether the software is truly open-the Berkeley Conundrum, as we have termed it here; whether OSS truly is high quality software; and whether OSS is a 'one size fits all,' representing the future model for all software development.",10.1109/HICSS.2005.609
1296,Article,The case for open-source software in drug discovery,"Widespread adoption of open-source software for network infrastructure,   web servers, code development, and operating systems leads one to ask   how far it can go. Will `open source' spread broadly, or will it be   restricted to niches frequented by hopeful hobbyists and midnight   hackers? Here we identify reasons for the success of open-source   software and predict how consumers in drug discovery will benefit from   new open-source products that address their needs with increased   flexibility and in ways complementary to proprietary options.",10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03363-X
1297,InProceedings,The need for effort estimation models for open source software projects,"Open source software(OSS), be it products or tools, are being adopted at a fairly rapid pace in commercial organizations. In fact many firms such as IBM and Sun are even 'opening' up their once proprietary software products and making the source code available. This phenomenon may have a profound effect on the various software engineering methodologies and practices as well as project management activities. Given the difficulty in managing resources in closed source projects, planning and delivery for OSS projects will be an even bigger challenge. In this position paper, we describe the need for new effort estimation models for the development of OSS projects and how this will be required for future project management activities. We outline some of the guidelines to build these cost estimation models and some issues that arise in the verification and validation of these cost models.",10.1145/1083258.1083260
1298,Article,The role of social conventions in the diffusion of open source software:   Implications for service industries,"In information and service products such as open source software,   increasing returns occur on the production or supply side, as well as   network externalities on the demand side. For open source software, the   social community element needs to be integrated with the framework of   increasing returns. This paper attempts to show that social conventions,   and social herding behaviour are fundamental to the growth of the open   source software. Such social conventions legitimise value and provide   identification in the global online community and have important   implications for service industries in general.",10.1080/02642060500103365
1300,InProceedings,The use of open source software platforms by Independent Software Vendors: issues and opportunities,"The Cast4All Content Conductor Platform is an integration and provisioning suite to manage data broadcasting networks in general and digital cinema networks in particular. The framework makes extensive use of open source components and contains several extensions and modifications to those components. It is a typical case of an Independent Software Vendor (ISV) building application software on top of open source platform software. In the spirit of the open source movement, the extensions or modifications to the open source components could be contributed back to the community. However, in this paper we discuss several issues that companies face in such a situation. They extend far beyond the obvious decision whether to keep the developed code proprietary, and should not be neglected. It is argued that a closer collaboration between open source projects and independent software vendors would be beneficial to all.",10.1145/1083258.1083266
1301,Article,The use of open-source software in the IBM corporate portal,"This paper describes the role that open-source software has played in   the evolution of the IBM corporate portal; in particular, the use of the   Apache (TM) Web server, Perl, XML, and Struts.",10.1147/sj.442.0419
1303,Article,The value of open standards and open-source software in government   environments,"Among the most noteworthy topics; surrounding the recent widespread   adoption of open-source software (OSS) are the convergence by   governments worldwide to open standards and the ways in which open   source embraces this convergence. There are continuing debates over the   future of software and, in particular, the competition between OSS and   proprietary software. Many studies by governments and by information   technology analysts suggest that OSS and open standards are intimately   connected and that the inherent value of open-source adoption may be   attributable in large part to the embodiment of open standards in OSS.   The government environment is changing rapidly in areas as diverse as   homeland security and social services. Given the equally rapid changes   in the information technology marketplace, the successful adoption of   these new technologies by governments will depend on how well the   strengths of proprietary software and OSS are understood and   applied-especially with respect to the use of open standards to speed   deployments of integrated capabilities that respond to emerging   challenges. This paper evaluates the relative strengths of proprietary   software and OSS as development techniques that embrace the open   standards valued by governments.",10.1147/sj.442.0227
1307,Article,The {Political} {Economy} of {Open} {Source} {Software},"A critique of open-source development, in which we argue that while it clearly manifests a number of anti-capitalist tendencies, it is essentially aligned with postmodern capitalist development models. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1308,InProceedings,Thematic coherence and quotation practices in OSS design-oriented online discussions,"This paper presents an analysis of online discussions in Open Source Software (OSS) design. The objective of our work is to understand and model the dynamics of OSS design that take place in mailing list exchanges. We show how quotation practices can be used to locate design relevant data in discussion archives. OSS developers use quotation as a mechanism to maintain the discursive context. To retrace thematic coherence in the online discussions of a major OSS project, Python, we follow how messages are linked through quotation practices. We compare our quotation-based analysis with a more conventional analysis: a thread-based of the reply-to links between messages. The advantages of a quotation-based analysis over a thread-based analysis are outlined. Our analysis reveals also the links between the social structure and elements in the discussion space and how it shapes influence in the design process.",10.1145/1099203.1099237
1309,InProceedings,Understanding the Nature of Collaboration in Open-Source Software Development,"Our approach to better understand the nature of collaboration in open-source software (OSS) development is to view it as a participative system, where people and artifacts are inter-connected via a computational infrastructure demonstrating a sociotechnical system. This paper presents a framework we have developed to describe a participative system, and discusses our hypothesis that the framework is capable of characterizing the evolution of an OSS community through changing the participants' perceived value and types of engagement. We report a preliminary result of our case study on the GIMP development mailing list as an initial step to test this hypothesis.",10.1109/APSEC.2005.108
1310,InProceedings,Understanding the nature of collaboration in open-source software   development,"Our approach to better understand the nature of collaboration in   open-source software (OSS) development is to view it as a participative   system, where people and artifacts are inter-connected via a   computational infrastructure demonstrating a, sociotechnical system.   This paper presents a framework we have developed to describe a   participative system, and discusses our hypothesis that the framework is   capable of characterizing the evolution of an OSS community through   changing the participants' perceived value and types of engagement. We   report a preliminary result of our case study on the GIMP development   mailing list as an initial step to test this hypothesis.",NA
1311,Article,Using open-source software technologies and standardized data structures   to build advanced applications for high-throughput experimentation   environments -: art. no. 062203,"Herein we present a modular approach to a high-throughput   experimentation software environment. Instead of a monolithic master   system, small tools with a limited set of tasks are interconnected using   standardized, self-descriptive data structures. This approach is highly   flexible with respect to the rapidly changing needs of the scientists:   Since the modules are isolated and intermodule communication is   standardized, new components can be integrated without side effects. The   developed software environment follows to a large extent the UNIX design   philosophy and is heavily based on open-source software technologies   that are used to solve specific tasks within the overall system to   achieve high productivity in using the software for ambitious   high-throughput experimentation programs. It is shown that the   orchestration of the system significantly benefits from clear and   standardized interface design based on hteML, the high-throughput   experimentation markup language, an XML language for the description of   high-throughput experimentation data and processes. (c) 2005 American   Institute of Physics.",10.1063/1.1906104
1312,Article,VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES : COORDINATION WITHOUT PROXIMITY ? The dynamics of   cooperation within free and open source software communuities,"Without pre-existing organisational proximity nor geographical one, Free   and Open Source software communities fulfil effective and voluntary   cooperation in order to produce software which are reliable and broadly   diffused. Throwing out the technological determinism thesis, this paper   analyses the pregnance of institutionnal proximity inside communities,   which creates voluntary agreed set of coordination rules (organisational   proximity) and allows geographical proximity freeing.",NA
1313,Article,"WHO IS NOT DEVELOPING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE? NON-USERS, USERS, AND   DEVELOPERS","The development of knowledge requires investment, which may be made in   terms of financial resources or time. Open source software (OSS) has   challenged much of the traditional reasoning by suggesting that   individuals behave altruistically and contribute to a public good,   despite the opportunity to free-ride. The lion's share of the existing   literature on OSS examines communities, that is, those individuals whom   are already part of the OSS community. In contrast, this paper starts   from users with the requisite skill to use and develop OSS. This group   of skilled individuals could potentially invest into the development of   OSS knowledge, but they may or may not do so in actuality. This paper,   therefore, explores three issues, which have not been extensively   explored in the literature, namely, (1) how frequently a group of   skilled people use OSS, (2) reasons for differences among users and   non-users in terms of use and attitudes, and (3) how frequently, and   why, some users contribute to OSS projects (and thereby become   developers). In doing so, we consider the opportunity costs of use and   development of OSS, which has been largely neglected in the literature.   We find that the individuals have a rather pragmatic attitude to firms   and that many are active in both firms and OSS community, which raises   many questions for future research about the role and influence of firms   on the development and diffusion of OSS.",10.1080/1043859052000344705
1315,Article,osni.info - Using free/libre/open source software to build a virtual   international community for open source nursing informatics,"Many health informatics organizations seem to be slow to take up the   advantages of dynamic, web-based technologies for providing services to,   and interaction with, their members; these are often the very   technologies they promote for use within healthcare environments. This   paper aims to introduce some of the many free/libre/open source (FLOSS)   applications that are now available to develop interactive websites and   dynamic online communities as part of the structure of health   informatics organizations, and to show how the Open Source Nursing   Informatics Working Group (OSNI) of the special interest group in   nursing informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association   (IMIA-NI) is using some of these toots to develop an online community of   nurse informaticians through their website, at http://www.osni.info.   Some background introduction to FLOSS applications is used for the   benefit of those less familiar with such toots, and examples of some of   the FLOSS content management systems (CMS) being used by OSNI are   described. The experiences of the OSNI will facilitate a knowledgeable   nursing contribution to the wider discussions on the applications of   FLOSS within health and healthcare, and provides a model that many other   groups could adopt. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.07.023
1316,Article,"'{Strategy}, {Economic} {Organization}, and the {Knowledge} {Economy}: {The} {Coordination} of {Firms} and {Resources}' {By} {Nicolai} {J}. {Foss}, {Oxford} {University} {Press}, 2005",NA,10.1007/s10997-006-0003-1
1317,InProceedings,1st International Workshop on Open Source Software and Product Lines,"Open source software is getting much attention lately. Using open source software appears to be a profitable way to obtain good software. This is also applicable for organizations doing product line engineering. On the other hand, because of the diverse use of open source software, product line development is an attractive way of working in open source communities. However, at present open source and product line development are not related. This workshop aims to get a better understanding between the two communities to get an insight how they can profit from each other.",NA
1318,InProceedings,A Feedback Based Quality Assessment to Support Open Source Software Evolution: the GRASS Case Study,"Managing the software evolution for large open source software is a major challenge. Some factors that make software hard to maintain are geographically distributed development teams, frequent and rapid turnover of volunteers, absence of a formal means, and lack of documentation and explicit project planning. In this paper we propose remote and continuous analysis of open source software to monitor evolution using available resources such as CVS code repository, commitment log files and exchanged mail. Evolution monitoring relies on three principal services. The first service analyzes and monitors the increase in complexity and the decline in quality; the second supports distributed developers by sending them a feedback report after each contribution; the third allows developers to gain insight into the ""big picture"" of software by providing a dashboard of project evolution. Besides the description of provided services, the paper presents a prototype environment for continuous analysis of the evolution of GRASS, an open source software.",10.1109/ICSM.2006.5
1319,InProceedings,A Model of Open Source Software Style R&amp;D on Business,"Now open source style R&amp;D is not only community based R&amp;D but also adoptable for business. But each open source projects have their own licences. We analyse open source licenses by cluster analysis and find the importance of standards. This means that standards for license like creative commons need for easy adoption of open source programs as a part of legacy business programs. On the other hand patent pool or other frameworks starts to adopt for sharing intellectual property rights among companies, organisations, and universities. Then we show the new model for open based R&amp;D on business.",NA
1320,InProceedings,A case study on testing and evaluation in the KT OSS development,"This paper describes the test and evaluation activities for the   development of the KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations Support System). In   this paper, we show the test and evaluation phases for the development   and maintenance of the KT-OSS To ensure the successful development of   the KT-OSS, we performed various tests related to functionality,   efficiency and others. We also show the criteria for them and deal with   the test organizations and the test-bed for managing and controlling the   quality of the KT-OSS. And we describe our experiences in performing   these tests. Through these test and evaluation activities, we were able   to successfully develop and release the KT-OSS.",NA
1322,InProceedings,A feedback based quality assessment to support open source software   evolution: the GRASS case study,"Managing the software evolution for large open source software is a   major challenge. Some factors that make software hard to maintain are   geographically distributed development teams, frequent and rapid   turnover of volunteers, absence of a formal means, and lack of   documentation and explicit project planning. In this paper we propose   remote and continuous analysis of open source software to monitor   evolution using available resources such as CVS code repository,   commitment log files and exchanged mail. Evolution monitoring relies on   three principal services. The first service analyzes and monitors the   increase in complexity and the decline in quality; the second supports   distributed developers by sending them a feedback report after each   contribution, the third allows developers to gain insight into the ``big   picture{''} of software by providing a dashboard of project evolution.   Besides the description of provided services, the paper presents a   prototype environment for continuous analysis of the evolution of GRASS,   an open source software.",NA
1323,InProceedings,A method of user-oriented reliability assessment for open source   software and its applications,"Software development environment has been changing into new development   paradigms such as concurrent distributed development environment and the   so-called open source project by using network computing technologies.   In case of considering the effect of the debugging process on an entire   system in the development of a method of reliability assessment for open   source project, it is necessary to grasp the deeply-intertwined factors,   such as programming path, size of each component, skill of fault   reporter, and so on. In order to consider the effect of each software   component on the reliability of an entire system under such new   distributed development paradigm, we propose a new approach to software   reliability assessment by creating a fusion of neural network and   software reliability growth model. In this paper, we show application   examples of software reliability assessment based on neural network and   software reliability growth model for open source software. Also, we   analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for the open source software. Then, we   consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the software reliability   assessment method for the actual open source software.",10.1109/ICSMC.2006.385185
1324,InProceedings,A robust open source exchange for open source software development,"This paper addresses the development of mechanisms for the creation of   OSSD exchanges that could be used by developers across any geographical   range, as long as all the developers can interact via some open network   infrastructure such as the Internet. The structure of these exchanges   can range from public repositories such as Sourceforge.net to   intra-organizational forums for software development within an   enterprise. We examine in particular the structure of an exchange model   based on protocols for a robust online marketplace.",NA
1325,InProceedings,A user-oriented reliability assessment tool for open source software   development,"Software development environment has been changing into new development   paradigms such as concurrent distributed development environment and the   so-called open source project by using network computing technologies.   We focus on the open source software.   In this paper, we propose a reliability assessment method based on the   neural network in order to estimate the effect of each component on the   entire system in a complex situation. Moreover, we develop the testing   management tool for open source software. Also, we analyze actual   software fault count data to show performance examples of the software   reliability assessment tool for the open source project.",NA
1326,InProceedings,An Overlay Server System (OSS) Platform for Multiplayer Online Games   over Mobile Networks,"We propose a gaming architecture, called the Overlay Server System   (OSS), for supporting multiparty online games over mobile networks. In   OSS architecture, overlay server nodes (OSN) are distributed across the   core network architecture of the mobile operator and each node is   responsible for both running the game applications and performing the   overlay routing. The architecture allows third party game servers that   are located outside the core network of the mobile operator to push the   execution of delay and bandwidth constrained game components into the   core to achieve better quality of service (QoS). When a game consists of   multiple mutually exclusive game objects such that each object can be   maintained independently, OSS allows per object QoS optimization via   selecting the jointly optimal location (i.e. OSN) and overlay routes for   each object. This fine-grain optimization benefits most when different   objects have different QoS requirements and they are accessed by   different users. OSS dynamically adapts to the changes in game and   network conditions by switching to better OSN and overlay routes.   Our performance analysis on different core network topologies and usage   patterns demonstrates that OSS has significant advantages over the   alternative peer to peer (P2P), proxy-server, and client-server   architectures. The analysis also underlines the individual contributions   of object placement and jointly performed overlay route optimization to   the performance gain.",NA
1327,InProceedings,An empirical study on implementing Free/Libre Open Source Software   (FLOSS) in schools,"This empirical paper shows how free/libre open source software (FLOSS)   contributes to mutual and collaborative learning in an educational   environment. However, unlike proprietary software, FLOSS allows   extensive customisation of software and supports the needs of local   users better. In this paper, we observes how implementing FLOSS in an   Italian high school challenges the conventional relationship between end   users themselves (e.g. teachers and students) and that between users and   developers. The findings will shed some light on the social aspects of   FLOSS-based computerization -- including the roles of FLOSS in social   and organizational change in educational environments and the ways that   the social organization of FLOSS are influenced by social forces and   social practices.",NA
1328,Article,An enhanced version of SMMP-open-source software package for simulation   of proteins,"We describe a revised and updated version of the program package SMMP   (Simple Molecular Mechanics for Proteins) {[}F. Eisenmenger, U.H.E.   Hansmann, Sh. Hayryan, C.-K. Hu, Comput. Phys. Comm. 138 (2001)   192-212]. SMMP is an open-source FORTRAN package for molecular   simulation of proteins within the standard geometry model. It is   designed as a simple and inexpensive tool for researchers and students   to become familiar with protein simulation techniques. This announcement   describes the first major revision of this software package and its   newly added features.",10.1016/j.cpc.2005.10.013
1329,Article,An {Exploratory} {Framework} for {Assessing} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Adoption},"In this paper we propose that due to the particularities of the Open Source Software (OSS) development process and its perceived ""social"" connotations, traditional ways of explaining IT adoption are insufficient to understand the case of OSS diffusion. Evidence shows that OSS fails in many cases to displace dominant market leaders even in the case of user's unhappiness with the prevalent solution, while in some others OSS is adopted without a clear advantage. Using a qualitative research approach, we highlight the existence of a new context, in which the adoption of Linux-based OSS platforms by companies is not led only by traditional drivers. User communities and broader social responsibility considerations have been found to exert some degrees of pressure on the IT decision maker. Through the analysis of some significant cases we propose a framework that helps to depict under which conditions significant OSS adoption may unfold.",NA
1330,InProceedings,Andean ecosystem database online in Colombia based on free software,"The Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute is a   non-profit organization. Its mission is to promote, coordinate, and   carry out researches that contribute to the conservation and sustainable   use of biological diversity in Colombia. One of the most important tools   used by the IAvH is the Geographical information managed by the Unit of   Geographical Information Systems (UNISIG). Actually UNISIG is focused in   provide to the researchers geographical information as one of the main   tools for support their analysis, this is made by developing spatial and   geostatistical analysis as well as biogeography and biodiversity   modeling.   This tools and the development of new methodologies applied in the   inventory and conservation of the biodiversity will depend upon (a)   scientific development testing of the methodologies (b) the   institutional capacity built up through development of the techniques,   training and collaborative applications c) use of open source software.   UNISIG has developed an internet application to disseminate the   geographical information produced in the project ``Conservation and   sustainable use of biodiversity in the Colombian Andes{''} financed by   GEF. This open source software based application (php, MySQL and Map   Server), is a web database with geographic information of the Andean   ecosystems in Colombia and also the data of biologic collections derived   from scientific studies undertaken in the region.",NA
1332,InProceedings,Applying the OSS radiative transfer method to MODTRAN™,"The Optimal Spectral Sampling (OSS) method models band averaged   radiances as weighted sums of monochromatic radiances. The method is   fast and accurate and has the advantage over other existing techniques   that it is directly applicable to scattering atmospheres. Other   advantages conferred by the method include flexible handling of trace   species and ability to select variable species at run time without   having to retrain the model, and the possibility of large speed gains by   specializing the model for a particular application. The OSS method is   used in the CrIS and CMIS retrieval algorithms and it is currently being   implemented in the Joint Center for Satellite Assimilation (JCSDA)   Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). A version of OSS is currently   under development for direct inclusion within MODTRAN (TM), as an   alternative to the current band models. This paper discusses the OSS   interface to MODTRAN (TM), presents model results, and identifies new   developments applicable to narrowband and broadband radiative transfer   modeling across the spectrum and the training of OSS for scattering   atmospheres.",10.1117/12.666082
1333,InProceedings,BioFOSS: a survey of Free/Open Source Software in Bioinformatic,"This paper discusses the current state of Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) projects in the field of academic bioinformatics. The paper reports on a survey of the Bioinformatics journal that enumerates the number of Application Notes published between volumes 2004-20-17 and 2005-21-7. The purpose of this survey is to determine what percentage of bioinformatics applications are made available under open source licenses. Bioinformatics includes tools, databases, and organizations to support them. An overview is given for the EMBOSS project, the Open Bioinformatics Foundation, and GenBank. In addition, a short discussion of Linux distributions tailored to the needs of bioinformaticians is provided.",10.1109/CBMS.2006.60
1335,InProceedings,Call for quality:: Open source software quality observation,This paper describes how a Software Quality Observatory works to   evaluate and quantify the quality of an Open Source project. Such a   quality measurement can be used by organizations intending to deploy an   Open Source solution to pick one of the available projects for use. We   offer a case description of how the Software Quality Observatory will be   applied to the KDE project to document and evaluate its quality   practices for outsiders.,NA
1336,Article,"Collaboration, peer review and open source software","Open source software development may be superior to proprietary   development because the open source organizational form naturally   minimizes transactions costs associated with privately distributed   information. This manifests itself in the ability of open source   communities to encourage critical peer review and the sharing of ideas.   When these activities are important, the open source organizalional form   may do better than a proprietary organizational form. My results suggest   why open source is particularly powerful when maintainability of   software is critical, and also suggest that the founder of a software   project may be more likely to choose open source if there is an existing   dominant proprietary software project. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2006.07.001
1338,InProceedings,"Common refactorings, a dependency graph and some code smells: an empirical study of Java OSS","Refactoring, as a software engineering discipline has emerged over recent years to become an important aspect of maintaining software. Refactoring refers to the restructuring of software according to specific mechanics and principles. In this paper, we describe an analysis of the results from a tool whose purpose was to identify and extract refactorings from seven open-source Java systems. In particular, we analyzed the mechanics of the most commonly and least commonly applied refactorings to try and account for their frequency. Results showed the most common refactorings of the fifteen coined a 'Gang of Six', to be generally those with a high in-degree and low out-degree when mapped on a dependency graph; the same refactorings also featured strongly in the remedying of bad code smells. Remarkably and surprisingly, inheritance and encapsulationbased refactorings were found to have been applied relatively infrequently - we offer explanations for why this may be the case. The paper thus identifies 'core' refactorings central to many of the changes made by developers on open-source systems. While we can not guarantee that developers consciously undertake refactoring in any sense, the empirical results demonstrate that simple renaming and moving fields/methods between classes are common components of open-source system re-engineering. From a wider software engineering perspective, knowledge of what a modification will incur in likely sub-tasks is of value to developers whether working on open-source or other forms of software.",10.1145/1159733.1159777
1339,InProceedings,Core and Periphery in Free/Libre and Open Source Software Team Communications,"The concept of the core group of developers is important and often discussed in empirical studies of FLOSS projects. This paper examines the question, ""how does one empirically distinguish the core?"" Being able to identify the core members of a FLOSS development project is important because many of the processes necessary for successful projects likely involve core members differently than peripheral members, so analyses that mix the two groups will likely yield invalid results. We compare 3 analysis approaches to identify the core: the named list of developers, a Bradford's law analysis that takes as the core the most frequent contributors and a social network analysis of the interaction pattern that identifies the core in a core-and-periphery structure. We apply these measures to the interactions around bug fixing for 116 SourceForge projects. The 3 techniques identify different individuals as core members; examination of which individuals are identified leads to suggestions for refining the measures. All 3 measures though suggest that the core of FLOSS projects is a small fraction of the total number of contributors.",10.1109/HICSS.2006.101
1340,InProceedings,Critical success factors for migrating to OSS-on-the-Desktop Common   themes across three south African case studies,"This paper investigates the critical success factors associated with the   migration from proprietary desktop software to an open source software   (OSS) desktop environment in a South African context. A comparative case   study analysis approach was adopted whereby three organisations that   have migrated to desktop OSS were analysed. For diversity, one case   study each was drawn from government, private industry and the   educational sector. Most of the findings agree with those in the   available literature though there are notable differences in the   relative importance of certain factors.",NA
1342,Article,"Developing ""hands-on"" security activities with open source software and live CDs","Developing ""hand on"" information security lab activities often requires a substantial budget and resource commitment. In addition to an appropriate software budget, activities such as installing security software, setting up user accounts, and configuring lab systems can require significant time and labor resources. In a conventional environment, it may also require a dedicated computer lab for each security class. In a given educational environment, obtaining these resources may be problematic.To mitigate these problems, we developed a ""hand on"" security design process that utilizes Live CDs and Open Source tools. By definition, a Live CD is a bootable CD that contains a complete operating system. Many Live CDs also include useful security utilities. In our security classes, we have utilized both general purpose Live CDs, such as Knoppix, and dedicated security centric Live CDs, such as Auditor. [8] In addition to being self configuring, Live CDs may also be remastered to accommodate additional security tools and related information.This paper presents an overview of our experiences developing ""hands on"" security activities with Live CD and Open Source components. Our ""hands on"" activities were developed to support our four course security specialization. To provide a context for this, we first present a brief overview of the security specialization.",NA
1343,Article,Developing a Telecommunication Operation Support Systems (OSS): The   Impact of a Change in Network Technology,"The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened competition in the   telecommunications market in the U.S. and forced the incumbent   telecommunications companies to open both their physical and logical   infrastructure for Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs). In this   case study we focus on the problems that face a CLEC with regard to   designing an information system and getting a back office system, called   an Operations Support Systems (OSS), operational in a highly   competitive, complex, fast-paced market in a compressed time frame when   a change in a critical telecommunications network component, namely the   central office switch, is made after 75\\% of the system implementation   was completed. This case deals with the factors that led to this change   in central office switches, its impact on the IT department, its impact   on the company, and the alternatives considered by the IT department as   possible solutions to the many problems created by this change.",10.4018/jcit.2006100104
1345,InProceedings,Developing open source software: A community-based analysis of research,"Open source software (OSS) creates the potential for the inclusion of   large and diverse communities in every aspect of the software   development and consumption life cycle. However, despite years of effort   by an ever growing research community, we still don't know exactly what   we do and don't know about OSS, nor do we have a clear idea about the   basis for our knowledge. This paper presents an analysis of 155 research   artefacts in the area of open source software. The purpose of the study   is to identify the kinds of open source project communities that have   been researched, the kinds of research questions that have been asked,   and the methodologies used by researchers. Emerging from the study is a   clearer understanding of what we do and don't know about open source   software, and recommendations for future research efforts.",NA
1346,InProceedings,Empirical Software Engineering Research on Free/Libre/Open Source Software,"Public available data sources are an important knowledge generator from which researchers can obtain, mostly in a non-intrusive way, data and facts from software projects. We present a methodological approach to the data sources commonly found in libre (free, open source) software projects over the Internet, explain how to extract these data and enhance them and offer some ways of analyzing it from various perspectives. The whole process has been implemented with tools that automatize the process so that an ample amount of analysis from various angles (that range from software maintenance and software evolution to the social structure of the underlying organization in charge of the development) of a huge amount of software projects has been used as case studies. This work demonstrates that it is possible to build research methodologies that can be applied to a large quantity of software projects and that empirical software engineering studies have not to refer to a limited number of software projects. Although specifically targeted to libre software development, many of the techniques and lessons learned can be generally applied to other types of software environments.",10.1109/ICSM.2006.25
1348,Article,Entry strategies under competing standards: Hybrid business models in   the open source software industry,"The paper analyzes the strategies of software firms that have entered   the open source (OS) field. The notion of the OS business model is   discussed in the light of a substantial body of theoretical literature   concerning strategic management and the economics of innovation, as well   as specialized literature on OS. Empirical evidence based on a survey of   146 Italian software firms shows that firms have adapted to an   environment dominated by incumbent standards by combining the offering   of proprietary and OS software under different licensing schemes, thus   choosing a hybrid business model. The paper examines the determinants of   the degree of openness toward OS and discusses the stability of hybrid   models in the evolution of the industry.",10.1287/mnsc.1060.0547
1350,Article,Escaping the TRIPs' trap: The political economy of free and open source   software in Africa,"Across sub-Saharan Africa, the promise of `informational development' is   proclaimed. The global governance of intellectual property rights   (IPRs), however, currently structured through the Trade-Related Aspects   of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) agreement and overseen by the   World Trade Organisation (WTO), makes much software expensive to deploy.   There is an alternative: open-source and/or free software ameliorates   many of the cost problems countries in Africa have anticipated as they   have changed their laws to protect IPRs; using non-proprietary software   will enable them to deploy extensive computerisation without making   large payments to suppliers from the developed countries. By escaping   the TRIPs' trap, many Africans will be better able to enjoy the   potential benefits of `informational development'.",10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00569.x
1351,InProceedings,Exploratory inspection: a learning model for improving open source software usability,"We contend that overcoming the lack of usability expertise within the open source software community will further its competitiveness. Motivated by the unique user-driven model, we propose an exploratory learning method for assisting non-expert users in contributing to open source usability inspection. This method emphasizes providing usability knowledge during usability inspection and explores the impact of the ""fading-out/phasing-in"" method on the inspection effectiveness. The results of a pilot study we conducted through a Web-based inspection system are provided.",10.1145/1125451.1125741
1352,InProceedings,Exploring the potential of OSS in air traffic management,"This paper introduces a project that aims at defining an Open Source   Software (OSS) policy in the field of Air Traffic Management (ATM). In   order to develop such a policy, we chose to investigate first a set of   predictive hypotheses. Our four initial hypotheses were presented,   refined and discussed in bi-lateral meetings with experts in the ATM   field and in several conferences and workshops with OSS experts. At a   roundtable, jointly organized by CALIBRE and EUROCONTROL, we confronted   early open source experiences and insights in the ATM domain with   experiences and knowledge from a panel of OSS experts and practitioners   from academia and industry. The revised initial hypotheses are presented   using a fixed format that should facilitate further evolution of these   hypotheses.",NA
1353,InProceedings,Extracting refactoring trends from open-source software and a possible solution to the 'related refactoring' conundrum,"Refactoring, as a software engineering discipline has emerged over recent years to become an important aspect of maintaining software. Refactoring refers to the restructuring of software according to specific mechanics and principles. In this paper, we describe a tool that allows refactoring data across multiple versions of seven open-source software systems to be collected. The tool automates the identification of refactorings as program transformations between consecutive software releases. The same tool thus allowed an empirical analysis of software development across versions from the perspective of those transformations. We describe results for the systems analysed and point to key conclusions from our analysis. In particular, we investigate a problematic empirical question as to whether certain refactorings are related, i.e., they cannot be undertaken in isolation without other refactorings being undertaken in parallel. In this context, we focus specifically on the four most common refactorings identified by the tool from three of the open-source systems and use a dependency graph to inform conclusions about the empirical data extracted by the tool. An interesting result relating to some common refactorings is described.",10.1145/1141277.1141685
1354,Article,FLOSS: flexible ordered subset analysis for linkage mapping of complex   traits,"The FLOSS software package is a flexible framework for ordered subset   analysis. FLOSS is specifically designed for use with the Merlin linkage   analysis package, but FLOSS can be used with any linkage analysis   software package that reports NPL Z-scores for each locus and family.   When FLOSS is used with the Merlin linkage analysis package, one can use   either non-parametric Z-scores or Kong and Cox linear allele sharing   model LOD scores. Monte Carlo P-values are calculated using a   permutation test with an efficient Besag-Clifford sequential stopping   rule. FLOSS also has a flexible tool for assigning family covariate   scores from Merlin input files. FLOSS includes user documentation and is   written in Java for easy portability. The FLOSS source code is   documented and designed to be extensible.",10.1093/bioinformatics/btk012
1355,Article,Free and open-source software: {Opening} and democratising e- government's black box,"This article considers the implications that the use of free and open-source software in government might have for democracy and public participation. From a constructionist perspective, the democratic effects of non-proprietary software are contingent on how the practice of free and open-source software is discursively represented and constituted as it is translated into new e-government systems. On these premises, an analysis of official discourse and government policy for non-proprietary software suggests that its introduction into government will bring more politics as usual rather than democratisation. Nevertheless, on the basis of an alternative discourse of ethics and freedom evident in the Free Software and Open Source communities, the authors of this paper envisage circumstances in which the discourse and practice of non-proprietary software contribute to opening-up and democratising e-government, by protecting and extending transparency and accountability in e-governments and by offering scope for technology to be shaped by citizens and associations as well as by administrators and private interests. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1356,Article,Free software and copyright enforcement: {A} tool for global copyright policy?,One of the paradoxes of the free software ideology is its reliance on the legal institutions it was created to object to. One could argue that Free Software Foundation is using copyright to enforce their free software licenses as aggressively as the Business Software Alliance is enforcing its clients' copyrights. We will show that the reality is more complex and that there is a significant difference: the free software community uses primarily non-legal enforcement methods and trusts on social norms. We argue that free software could be used as a tool to make copyright more accepted in the less developed world because of its positive connection with copyright and community based approach. We explain why strong copyright is also in the interest of free software developers. The article concludes by suggesting that World Intellectual Property Organization should include free software into its development agenda.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT],10.1007/s12130-006-1006-6
1357,InProceedings,Free software in science and study organisation,"Does software regulate our work, or do we have to set requirements to   the software so we can work successfully? Why should teachers, lecturers   and scientists get acquainted with Free Software {[}1] or Open Source   Software {[}2] design, distribution and use philosophy? Peculiarities of   requirements set to the software by scientists, university lecturers and   secondary schools' teachers are analysed in the article. The research   seeks to indicate ways to achieve better results using financial and   human resources reasonably.",NA
1358,Article,Freedom as in a Self-sustainable Community: the Free Software Movement   and its challenge to copyright law,"Copyright law, together with the market logic it carries, penetrates   deeply into our daily life. The copyright regime is so restrictive that   it turns a normal learning process into a series of potential copyright   violations. The Free Software Movement (FSM) represents a substantial   community effort to counter this trend. It seeks to supersede the   copyright regime by offering the `Copyleft' licensing mode, which   facilitates the formation of a cooperative, resource- sharing community.   The FSM has been so successful that it has challenged the utilitarian   values presumed in copyright law, has fuelled widespread reassessment of   copyright law, and has influenced many who engage in various creative   activities. Claiming to bear similar values, Creative Commons (CC)   provides licensing models for people to waive some rights granted to   them. However, CC differs from the FSM in significant ways. Most   notably, the flexible CC licensing model weakens the firm philosophical   and political ground which binds FSM advocates together. Hence, although   CC's rapid growth seems to signal its success, it is questionable   whether such success is as enduring as the FSM's, or if it is leading to   a different result. While CC champions the author's freedom to decide   how to use his or her bundle of property rights granted by copyright   law, the FSM advocates the freedom to build and live in an alternative,   vital and self- sustaining community. The existence of such an   alternative model not only allows these particular participants to be   independent from the proprietary world, but also may empower the rest of   society to imagine different kinds of relationships between human beings   and their creative activities.",10.2304/pfie.2006.4.4.337
1360,InCollection,Government Policies Towards Open Source Software,NA,NA
1361,Article,Government policy toward open source software: {The} puzzles of neutrality and competition,"For a variety of policy reasons, governments throughout the world are now adopting different legislative and administrative strategies that support the development of FLOSS. Some governments have actually begun to procure FLOSS, whereas others have channeled public funds to large-scale FLOSS projects. This study demonstrates both the benefits and the risks of government policy favoring FLOSS from the perspective of economics, technology, and politics, and to further analyze whether these same policy goals can be achieved through government support of FLOSS. The most fundamental argument of the study is that, in lending its support to FLOSS, the difference between a government user and a business user is that the government should take into account society's long-term interests, not merely its own interests as a consumer.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1007-5
1362,Article,Hierarchy and centralization in free and open source software team communications,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development teams provide an interesting and convenient setting for studying distributed work. We begin by answering perhaps the most basic question: what is the social structure of these teams? We conducted social network analyses of bug-fixing interactions from three repositories: Sourceforge, GNU Savannah and Apache Bugzilla. We find that some OSS teams are highly centralized, but contrary to expectation, others are not. Projects are mostly quite hierarchical on four measures of hierarchy, consistent with past research but contrary to the naive image of these projects. Furthermore, we find that the level of centralization is negatively correlated with project size, suggesting that larger projects become more modular, or possibly that becoming more modular is a key to growth. The paper makes a further methodological contribution by identifying appropriate analysis approaches for interaction data. We conclude by sketching directions for future research.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1004-8
1363,InCollection,How to Avoid the Transformation of Barriers to OSS Adoption in Public   Administration into Barriers for Regional Development,"Despite the fact that public sector's interest in open source is   intensifying, as many governments turn to freely available software in   the belief that it is quick and inexpensive to implement, and that it   can be tailored to their needs, Open Source Software (OSS) still faces   barriers. In many regions of Europe, that include mostly Associate   Candidate Countries (ACC) and New Member States (NMS), the barriers are   even more pronounced, because of various social, political, economical,   and technical factors. This paper will dive into the barriers and   obstacles faced, and will refer to successful experiences that provide   important lessons learned for the take-up of OSS in Public   Administration. Governments are in the unique position of pushing the   adoption of open source. The large-scale adoption of vertical   applications at the local level and the influence of favorable   procurement will come together to make OSS government application a   viable option during the next five years.",NA
1365,Article,Hybrid innovation: {The} dynamics of collaboration between the {FLOSS} community and corporations,"Unlike innovation based on a strong professional culture involving close collaboration between professionals in academia and/or corporations, the current Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development entails a global knowledge network, which consists of 1) a heterogeneous community of individuals and organizations who do not necessarily have professional backgrounds in computer science but have developed the competency to understand programming and working in a public domain; 2) corporations. This paper describes the operation of the hybrid form of developing and implementing software, and also identifies several key factors shaping the collaboration between FLOSS firms and the community.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1005-7
1366,Article,Identifying knowledge brokers that yield software engineering knowledge   in OSS projects,Much research on open source software development concentrates on   developer lists and other software repositories to investigate what   motivates professional software developers to participate in open source   software projects. Little attention has been paid to individuals who   spend valuable time in lists helping participants on some mundane yet   vital project activities. Using three Debian lists as a case study we   investigate the impact of knowledge brokers and their associated   activities in open source projects. Social network analysis was used to   visualize how participants are affiliated with the lists. The network   topology reveals substantial community participation. The consequence of   collaborating in mundane activities for the success of open source   software projects is discussed. The direct beneficiaries of this   research are in the identification of knowledge experts in open source   software projects. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.,10.1016/j.infsof.2005.12.019
1370,InProceedings,Impact of Users' Expertise on the Competition between Proprietary and Open Source Software,"Despite the availability of source code, deploying open source software (OSS) in an enterprise environment requires expertise. Recent surveys show that the skills of IT staff in an organization are one of the key factors in OSS adoption decisions. This paper develops a model where users choosing between proprietary software and OSS are heterogeneous in their expertise. The paper finds that as users become more skilled in OSS, the price of proprietary software will decline. Second, the equilibrium market structure is influenced by both users' expertise and network effects. It is not surprising that proprietary software can drive OSS out of the market in presence of network effect, but counter-intuitively, this happens when users are highly skilled in OSS. Third, in presence of network effect, OSS may survive in the market only when it is customizable by skilled users and therefore provides significant higher benefits to users than proprietary software.",10.1109/HICSS.2006.213
1372,Article,Impacts of license choice and organizational sponsorship on user   interest and development activity in open source software projects,"What differentiates successful from unsuccessful open source software   projects? This paper develops and tests a model of the impacts of   license restrictiveness and organizational sponsorship on two indicators   of success: user interest in, and development activity on, open source   software development projects. Using data gathered from Freshmeat.net   and project home pages, the main conclusions derived from the analysis   are that (1) license restrictiveness and organizational sponsorship   interact to influence user perceptions of the likely utility of open   source software in such a way that users are most attracted to projects   that are sponsored by nonmarket organizations and that employ   nonrestrictive licenses, and (2) licensing and sponsorship address   complementary developer motivations such that the influence of licensing   on development activity depends on what kind of organizational sponsor a   project has. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and   the paper outlines several avenues for future research.",10.1287/isre.1060.0082
1376,Article,Imperatives of Free and Open Source Software in Cuban Development,"Many developing countries around the world are frequently confronted   with a dual challenge of simultaneously developing IT infrastructure and   implementing software solutions. Some countries have successfully   created extensive information technology infrastructures, yet software   use continues to be reliant on pirated sources. The experiences of   licensing regulation violations and increasing virus attacks indicate   that part of the problem is a consequence of dependencies created by the   use of proprietary software within resourcescarce economies. Recent   growth in the use of free and open-source software (FOSS) by various   public-and private-sector agencies suggests an alternative path to   software self-suffciency for a resource-scarce country like Cuba. There   is, however, an interesting background to current software use within   Cuba that makes it unique among several less-developed countries. Apart   from the well-known advantages, FOSS use could be essential to shape the   future scenario of Cuba. The present paper first delineates some of the   Cuban background, basically characterized by lack of freedom in   technology ownership and access to external information. The potential   of FOSS use within existing conditions in Cuba is then analyzed.   Finally, conclusions are provided on the basis of a survey carried out   in Cuba, arguing that there needs to be stronger political will to   reduce gaps between goals and implementation reality to achieve   intrinsic advantages of FOSS use successfully.",10.1162/itid.2006.3.1.1
1378,Article,Implementing eGovernment without promoting dependence: Open source   software in developing countries in Southeast Asia,"Given that eGovernment is likely to become part of development   strategies, the most desirable form of eGovernment is that which   promotes the domestic generation of intellectual property or, at least,   contributes least to the international intellectual property (IP)   imbalance. One way to achieve these ends is to implement eGovernment   using free or open source software (FOSS). This will reduce dependence   on software owned by major companies in developed countries. It could   also promote an IP generating capacity in developing countries. An   examination of the status of free or open source software in developing   countries in Southeast Asia reveals that governments in these countries   are aware of FOSS and wish to foster its use (but face considerable   pressure to use proprietary software). This examination also reveals the   presence of small but active groups seeking to develop and promote the   use of free or open source software. This article is comprised of a   discussion of FOSS (including that suitable for eGovernment), an   explanation of the importance of FOSS for developing countries, a   justification of government's centrality to the introduction of FOSS and   a consideration of policies and initiatives undertaken by governments in   developing countries in Southeast Asia. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley \\&   Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/pad.403
1380,InProceedings,Implications of COTS/OSS in control education and control system design   and implementation,"As control systems become increasingly sophisticated, their design and   implementation in turn becomes a progressively more complex undertaking.   Over the past decade or so, Rapid prototyping tools (RPT) have evolved   to respond to this need. These tools integrate modeling/simulation   applications with code generation facilities and target certain   real-time environments; hastening the control system development   process. However, these wonderful applications come at a price and may   be beyond the financial scope of many.   It is the objective of this paper to underscore the impact free/open   source software (OSS) RPT and common off the shelf hardware (COTS) has   or can have on control education and control system implementation.",NA
1381,Article,Indirectly predicting the maintenance effort of open-source software,"An accurate maintenance effort model is essential for a successful   software maintenance process. Maintenance effort is usually measured in   person-hours used to perform a maintenance task. However, maintenance   effort data are usually only available for strictly managed software,   such as closed-source software. In other software projects that do not   have complete maintenance records, especially some open-source software,   there are no direct data for maintenance effort, which precludes the   establishment of a maintenance effort model. In this paper, we report a   series of studies aimed at presenting a method for indirectly predicting   the maintenance effort of open-source software. This report covers two   parts of our research. First, we examine the maintenance data from NASA   SEL closed-source software projects and identify some software measures   that can be used to indirectly represent maintenance effort. Second,   based on the findings in the first part, we analyze 121 recent versions   of Linux, and use linear regression to construct two indirect   maintenance effort models for the Linux project. Our study demonstrates   the applicability of this approach to indirectly predicting the   maintenance effort and improving the software maintenance process.   Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/smr.335
1382,Article,"Keeping the {Gates} to the {Parliament} of ({Digital}) {Things}: {Free}/{Open} {Source} {Software}, {Public} {Policy}, {Citizenship} and {Technology}",This paper will argue that there are intriguing potentialities in the F/OSS model for increased democratization of the technical infrastructure of the information society that remain unexplored. Adapted from the source document.,NA
1383,Article,"Knowledge in the {Theory} of the {Firm} and {MNC}: {Asset} or {Action}? {A} {Commentary} on {Foss} {N}. ""{Knowledge} and {Organisation} in the {Theory} of the {MNC}","Foss provides an interesting economic theory for the analysis of the MNC and knowledge. However, he defines knowledge in terms that make it amenable to a certain form of economic analysis, and thus overlooks potential insights from other perspectives. As soon as sociological issues are taken into account, the concept of knowledge has to be broadened, and also his theory of control. In particular, the role of the community or group in knowledge creation has to be allowed for. Although sociological and economics-based explanations are sometimes presented as conflicting alternatives, there is no inevitable reason why sociological and economics-based perspectives cannot be integrated in a common framework.",10.1007/s10997-005-3546-7
1384,Article,Knowledge management in OSS - an enterprise information system for the   telecommunications industry,"Knowledge management in Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) has become   one of the hottest research topics in the last few years. Operations   Support Systems (OSS) is one kind of EIS, which is becoming increasingly   popular in the telecommunications industry. However, the academic   research on knowledge management in OSS is sparse. In this paper, a   knowledge management system for OSS is proposed in the framework of   systems theory. Knowledge, knowledge management, organization and   information technology are the four main interactive elements in the   knowledge management system. The paper proposes that each subsystem of   the OSS is to be equipped with knowledge management capacity, and the   knowledge management of the OSS is to be realized through its   subsystems. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/sres.752
1386,Article,"Knowledge {Creation}, {Knowledge} {Sharing} and {Organizational} {Structures} and {Processes} in {MNCs}: {A} {Commentary} on {Foss} {N}. ""{Knowlege} and {Organization} in the {Theory} of the {MNC}","The areas pinpointed in the Foss paper are relevant areas, and indeed key to progress in the research building on knowledge-based perspective on the MNC. Yet, at the same time, his criticism is often not totally well founded, and richer perspectives than what he suggests may be required for real progress to take place. There is more known than what Foss acknowledges, and more fine-grained work to be done.",10.1007/s10997-005-4468-0
1387,InProceedings,Liability and control risks with open source software,"An exploratory investigation was conducted on the liability and control   risks posed to U.S. organizations by the adoption of OSS. Three primary   risks associated with the use of OSS were identified: upstream   intellectual property concerns, viral software issues, and   non-infringement warranties or intellectual property (IP) indemnity   issues. In the context of a field investigation of these risks, several   potential scenarios of OSS risk to organizations were identified, with   two of them appearing as primary. The first primary scenario is the   potential loss of control over revenue generating proprietary software   when OSS source code and proprietary software source code are mixed   together in one primary software works. The second primary risk scenario   is the potential loss of control over software products or services   offered within an organization due to legal disputes about intellectual   property (IP). Other secondary risk scenarios are discussed as well.   Some emerging trends in this area are also reviewed.",10.1109/ITRE.2006.381573
1388,Article,Model-based service discovery - prototyping experience of an OSS   scenario,"The practical success of the next generation operation support systems   (OSS) relies largely on its flexibility in providing adaptive and   cost-effective services. Service discovery is an essential mechanism to   achieve this goal. Driven primarily by the OSS requirements, this paper   proposes a new service discovery methodology for next generation OSS -   model-based service discovery (MBSD). MBSD takes advantage of the OMG   MDA (model-driven architecture) technology. The system architecture of   MBSD and its operation and implementation are presented. The proposed   methodology is briefly validated through an OSS scenario.",10.1007/s10550-006-0052-7
1392,InProceedings,Motivating open source software developers: influence of transformational and transactional leaderships,"Open Source Software (OSS) is developed by geographically distributed unpaid programmers. The success of such a seemingly chaotic OSS project will largely depend on how the project leader organizes and motivates the developers to contribute. Grounded on leadership and motivation theories, we proposed and tested a research model that seeks to explain the behavioral effects of a leader on the developers' motivation to contribute. Survey data collected from 118 OSS developers on Sourceforge.net was used to test the research model. The results indicate that leaders' transformational leadership is positively related to developers' intrinsic motivation and leaders' active management by exception, a form of transactional leadership, is positively related to developers' extrinsic motivation.",10.1145/1125170.1125182
1394,Article,"Motivation, governance, and the viability of hybrid forms in open source   software development","Open source software projects rely on the voluntary efforts of thousands   of software developers, yet we know little about why developers choose   to participate in this collective development process. This paper   inductively derives a framework for understanding participation from the   perspective of the individual software developer based on data from two   software communities with different governance structures.   In both communities, a need for software-related improvements drives   initial participation. The majority of participants leave the community   once their needs are met, however, a small subset remains involved. For   this set of developers, motives evolve over time and participation   becomes a hobby. These hobbyists are critical to the long-term viability   of the software code: They take on tasks that might otherwise go undone   and work to maintain the simplicity and modularity of the code.   Governance structures affect this evolution of motives. Implications for   firms interested in implementing hybrid strategies designed to combine   the advantages of open source software development with proprietary   ownership and control are discussed.",10.1287/mnsc.1060.0553
1396,Article,"Multimodal Modeling, Analysis, and Validation of Open Source Software   Development Processes","Understanding the context, structure, activities, and content of   software development processes found in practice has been and remains a   challenging problem. In the world of free/open source software   development (F/OSSD), discovering and understanding what processes are   used in particular projects is important in determining how they are   similar to or different from those advocated by the software engineering   community. Prior studies have revealed that development processes in   F/OSSD projects are different in a number of ways. In this article, we   describe how a variety of modeling perspectives and techniques are used   to elicit, analyze, and validate software development processes found in   F/OSSD projects, with examples drawn from studies of the software   requirements process found in the NetBeans. org project.",10.4018/jitwe.2006070104
1397,Article,"Negri, {Hardt}, {Distributed} {Governance} and {Open} {Source} {Software}",Negri and Hardt have described the mode of governance of the contemporary world as,10.5130/portal.v3i1.122
1399,InProceedings,NeurOSS - Open source software for neuropsychological rehabilitation,"In recent years hundreds of successful community-driven open source   software projects have incarnated. However, it is quite hard to find   similar success stories in the field of neuropsychological   rehabilitation. This paper describes the core ideas of the NeurOSS   project. The project aims at building an open source software platform   for developing tools for neuropsychological rehabilitation, and   gathering up a community of people from all over the world to contribute   to shared collection of open source plug-in components extending and   utilizing the core services of the platform.",10.1007/11788713_108
1403,Article,On the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of free/libre/open source ({FLOSS}) developers,"Motivation in the context of open source software may be seen as fundamentally different due to the presence of unpaid programmers, implicit rather than explicit forms of control and a different methodology for software development. Since software development is a creative task, the motivation of open source programmers can be compared to individuals in creative industries (Caves 2002). This paper summarizes the important trends in the research on motivation in open source and identifies variables that should be included in future research. Specifically, the current literature favors a taxonomy that considers two components of motivation--intrinsic (e.g., fun, flow, learning, community) and extrinsic (e.g., financial rewards, improving future job prospects, signaling quality). I make a case for incorporating both elements in developing an integrative theory about developer motivation. Three elements are identified as being unique to FLOSS development-diversity of project structures, co-existence of companies and communities and co-existence of creative and commercial elements. The important empirical evidence on FLOSS developer motivation is presented and analyzed. Four factors are identified as important mitigating and moderating factors in the conversation surrounding developer motivation- financial incentives, nature of task, group size and group structure. The role of these factors on developer motivation is discussed.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1002-x
1404,InCollection,Open Source Software in Small City Governments and the Promotion of   Regional Entrepreneurship,"This paper proposes addressing Information Technology (IT) limitations   of small city governments in Brazil by establishing an ecosystem to   develop Open Source Software (OSS)-based solutions. The paper outlines   how regional entrepreneurship is boosted through leveraging the proposed   business model, which promotes the founding and consolidation of   regional companies to service the deployed OSS solutions. After   analyzing city government and regional economic growth restrictions and   requirements and identifying OSS limitations, the novel ecosystem and   business models are defined to involve city governments, IT companies,   Colleges and Universities. Application of the models in a small city in   northeastern Brazil showed promising benefits and advantages. The models   have so far, helped the local government ``to run better{''} and `` ...   to create new, local IT companies{''}.",NA
1405,InProceedings,Open Source Software in an agile world,"Open Source Software (contrasted with proprietary or ``closed{''}   software) has become a more widely accepted enterprise solution not   withstanding some issues related to intellectual property rights and   issues of liability and indemnification. Open Source Software (OSS)   takes collaborative software development to a global extreme - OSS also   provides a mechanism for decreasing time-to-market, improved quality,   and reduced development costs. This panel will serve as a catalyst to   discuss strategies, tools, and communities focused on the development   and application of open source software.",10.1007/11774129_32
1407,InProceedings,Open source software in the desktop: The perspective of the public   administrations in UK,"Open Source could potentially play an important role in e-Government.   The COSPA project has been investigating the possibilities of using Open   Source in the desktops in Public Administrations in Europe. During this   two year project, the attitudes towards Open Source appeared to have   differed in the UK compared to similar organisations within some other   countries in Europe. In this paper we investigate and discuss possible   causes of this.",NA
1408,Article,Open source software user communities: A study of participation in Linux   user groups,"We conceptualize participation in Linux user groups (LUGs) in terms of   group-referent intentional actions and investigate cognitive (attitudes,   perceived behavioral control, identification with the open source   movement), affective (positive and negative anticipated emotions), and   social (social identity) determinants of participation and its   consequences on Linux-related behaviors of users. This survey-based   study, conducted with 402 active LUG members representing 191 different   LUGs from 23 countries and employing structural equation modeling   methodology, supports the proposed model. Furthermore, we find that the   Linux user's experience level moderates the extent of the LUG's social   influence and its impact on the user's participation. We conclude with a   consideration of the managerial and research implications of the study's   findings.",10.1287/mnsc.1060.0545
1409,InProceedings,Open source software: a powerful model for inspiring imagination,"Over the past decade, commodity computing and Linux have helped to significantly transform supercomputing. Fueled by the open source model, collaboration of the supercomputing community has had far reaching affects on enterprise computing. In his talk, Matthew Szulik (Chairman and CEO of Red Hat) will draw parallels between open source trends in supercomputing and the advancement of enterprise computing. As we look ahead, he will discuss how meeting the future's computing challenges will require faster innovation driven by better collaboration.",10.1145/1188455.1188661
1410,Article,Open {Source} {Software} and the {SCO} {Litigation},"This column deals with open source software, its history, and the benefits, responsibilities, and drawbacks of using this software option. Special emphasis is placed on the legal ramifications of this alternative approach to business software development and a long, complex lawsuit that threatens to restructure the open source philosophy. It is not surprising that commercial software companies have attacked Linux and other open source software packages. A legal attack from a company called SCO could jeopardize the future of open source software, with users and potential users of open source software fearful of previously unasserted intellectual property lawsuits. On Mar 6, 2003, the SCO Group initiated a civil lawsuit again IBM, claiming damages that were later increased to \\$5 billion. The possibility that SCO could have some proprietary claim to Linux is negated by the free software community's willingness to rewrite any offending code. At this time, there is little reason for organizations using Linux and other open source programs to fear the results of the SCO litigation.",NA
1411,Article,Open {Source} {Software} {ERPs}: {A} {New} {Alternative} for an {Old} {Need},"Information systems must successfully manage the wide-ranging information available in a company. Enterprise resource planning is the central element of any information systems architecture. But ERP systems are usually expensive, which has restricted small and medium-sized enterprises' access to them. The availability of open source software ERPs has changed this situation. More and more companies are studying the possibility of adopting OSS ERPs. This article describes their advantages and some ERPs' main characteristics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MS.2006.78
1414,Article,Open-source software in medical imaging: development of OsiriX,"Purpose Open source software (oss) development for medical imaging   enables collaboration of individuals and groups to produce high-quality   tools that meet user needs. This process is reviewed and illustrated   with OsiriX, a fast DICOM viewer program for the Apple Macintosh.   Materials and methods OsiriX is an oss for the Apple Macintosh under Mac   OS X v10.4 or higher specifically designed for navigation and   visualization of multimodality and multidimensional images: 2D Viewer,   3D Viewer, 4D Viewer (3D series with temporal dimension, for example:   Cardiac-CT) and 5D Viewer (3D series with temporal and functional   dimensions, for example: Cardiac-PET-CT). The 3D Viewer offers all   modern rendering modes: multiplanar reconstruction, surface rendering,   volume rendering and maximum Intensity projection. All these modes   support 4D data and are able to produce image fusion between two   different series (for example: PET-CT). OsiriX was developed using the   Apple Xcode development environment and Cocoa framework as both a DICOM   PACS workstation for medical imaging and an image processing software   package for medical research (radiology and nuclear imaging), functional   imaging, 3D imaging, confocal microscopy and molecular imaging.   Results OsiriX is an open source program by Antoine Rosset, a   radiologist and software developer, was designed specifically for the   needs of advanced imaging modalities. The software program turns an   Apple Macintosh into a DICOM PACS workstation for medical imaging and   image processing. OsiriX is distributed free of charge under the GNU   General Public License and its source code is available to anyone. This   system illustrates how open software development for medical imaging   tools can be successfully designed, implemented and disseminated.   Conclusion oss development can provide useful cost effective tools   tailored to specific needs and clinical tasks. The integrity and quality   assurance of open software developed by a community of users does not   follow the traditional conformance and certification required for   commercial medical software programs. However, open software can lead to   innovative solutions designed by users better suited for specific tasks.",10.1007/s11548-006-0056-2
1416,Article,Opportunities and challenges applying functional data analysis to the   study of open source software evolution,"This paper explores the application of functional data analysis (FDA) as   a means to study the dynamics of software evolution in the open source   context. Several challenges in analyzing the data from software projects   are discussed, an approach to overcoming those challenges is described,   and preliminary results from the analysis of a sample of open source   software (OSS) projects are provided. The results demonstrate the   utility of FDA for uncovering and categorizing multiple distinct   patterns of evolution in the complexity of OSS projects. These results   are promising in that they demonstrate some patterns in which the   complexity of software decreased as the software grew in size, a   particularly novel result. The paper reports preliminary explorations of   factors that may be associated with decreasing complexity patterns in   these projects. The paper concludes by describing several next steps for   this research project as well as some questions for which more   sophisticated analytical techniques may be needed.",10.1214/088342306000000141
1417,InProceedings,Performing Verification and Validation for KT-OSS Development,"This paper describes verification and validation activities in KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations Supports System) development. In this paper, the verification and verification phases for KT-OSS development are based on the general software development lifecycle and add an additional phase to the lifecycle. To success KT-OSS development, we needed appropriate tests which focused on functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency in the development process of KT-OSS. This paper describes various tests performed in the KT-OSS development process and tests for maintaining the developed system according to the phases. And to control the quality for KT-OSS, we organized a testing \\&amp; evaluation department which is independent from a development department. Through these testing activities, we have developed KT-OSS and released it successfully.",10.1109/ICCGI.2006.36
1418,InProceedings,"Producing and interpreting debug texts - An empirical study of   distributed, parallel debugging in open source software development","This paper presents preliminary findings from an ethnographic study of   distributed, parallel debugging in an open source software (OSS)   community. Focusing on the OSS. developers' daily activities, I propose   the concept of making software debuggable. In so doing, I see a somewhat   different story than common narratives of debugging in current OSS   research, which describes distributed, parallel debugging as a set of   highly cohesive tasks within loosely couple groups. I find that   parallel, distributed debugging is rather a closely coupled collective   process of producing and interpreting debug texts with high cohesion   between the activities of reporting, finding, and understanding bugs.",NA
1419,Article,Quantitative evaluation of the process of open source software   localization,Localization is a complex process based on translation and adaptation of   software features. Usually localization progress is identified with the   number of translated resource strings. The paper investigates the   dependency of number of translated strings to amount of human resources   used. It is shown that the number of translated strings increases much   slower at the end of the work than at beginning. The last strings are   especially difficult to translate. Quantitative evaluation of dependency   between number of strings in progress and human resources is presented.,NA
1420,InCollection,"Reputation, leadership and communities of practice: the case of open   source software development",NA,NA
1421,InProceedings,Research on open source software intended to promote its usage in   education,"The paper deals with the use of open source software in education. Open   source software is used more and more all over the world. Linux,   Mozilla, MySQL, OpenOffice.org etc. are very well-known packages. A lot   of open source programs are developed especially for educational   purposes: virtual teaming environments, editors, simulators,   microworlds, subject-based teaming applications, etc. The main problem   of this field is to involve educators and policy makers to disseminate   effectively information about open source, and to bring students and   teachers together for improving open code. The investigations on open   source are being fulfilled in a few Lithuanian institutions. The main   objectives are to validate the economic and pedagogical utility of open   source software in schools.",NA
1422,Article,"Rethinking free, libre and open source software","This special issue includes seven articles that make significant contribution to the literature pertaining to knowledge and public policy around Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS). Focusing on questions in two themes (i) motivation and organization and (ii) public policy, the articles in this volume develop new analytic models and report on new empirical findings, as an important step in bridging the wide gap that exists in public policy literature around FLOSS. Warning against rhetorical pitfalls that have been prevalent in FLOSS research, this introduction starts with a short history of FLOSS development, continues with a brief thematic literature review and review of the misconceptions surrounding FLOSS, and concludes with a first introduction of the articles that follow.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1001-y
1423,InProceedings,Retrieving open source software licenses,"Open Source Software maintenance and reuse require identifying and   comprehending the applied software, licenses. This paper first   characterizes software maintenance, and open source software (OSS) reuse   which are particularly relevant in this context. The information needs   of maintainers and reusers can be supported by reverse engineering tools   at different information retrieval levels. The paper presents an   automated license retrieval approach called ASLA. User needs, system   architecture, tool features, and tool evaluation are presented. The   implemented tool features support identifying source file dependencies   and licenses in source files, and adding new license templates for   identifying licenses. The tool is evaluated against another tool for   license information extraction. ASLA requires the source code as   available input but is otherwise not limited to OSS. It supports the   same programming languages as GCC. License identification coverage is   good and the tool is extendable.",NA
1424,InProceedings,SOA-Based next generation OSS architecture,"In convergence telecommunication environment, Business Agility plays very important role in the OSS(Operation Support System) when telco provide new merged services to customer on time. But, the OSS also becomes more and more complicated to know even what part of it should be fixed for adopting new services. This paper proposes SOA-based OSS architecture for telecommunication services in order to cope with this situation. We present the designing method of services of SOA and architecture for OSS by investigating the architectural issues of the unit of derived service elements from OSS and designing the most suitable architecture of it. By adopting the represented architecture for OSS, telco can provide new convergence service to customers faster than the competitor on the market.",10.1007/11876601_40
1426,InProceedings,Shared knowledge construction process in an open-source software development community: an investigation of the Gallery community,"An investigation was conducted to study shared knowledge construction process in an Open-Source Software Development (OSSD) community. Using a qualitative study approach, we examined the resources, tools, and activities in the Gallery community to create a rich description of the interrelationships among people, activities, and media. Of particular interest was how the individuals contributed to the building of a shared knowledge base through collaborative problem-solving and decision-making processes, mediated with the OSSD environment. The study indicated that the collaboration process was symbolized by multiple rounds of discussions, which were means to pool individuals' expertise and experiences to obtain quality problem-solving and decision-making outcomes. The study also revealed that the OSSD environment mediated the collaborative efforts through virtual collaboration space, visual organization, and communication tools. The findings have important implications for designing effective instruction specifically for computing disciplines in promoting students' collaborative problem solving and decision making.",NA
1427,InProceedings,Testing activities for KT-OSS development,"This paper describes the testing activities for the development of the   KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations Support System). In this paper, we show   the test phases for performing the verification and validation   activities for the development and maintenance of KT-OSS. They are based   on the general software development lifecycle, with an operational test   added to it as an additional phase.   To ensure the successful development of the KT-OSS, we performed various   tests related to functionality, efficiency and others. Also the tests   were performed for maintenance after the field release. We also show the   criteria for them and deal with the test organizations and the test-bed   for managing and controlling the quality of the KT-OSS in this paper.   Through these testing activities, we were able to successfully develop   and release the KT-OSS.",NA
1429,Article,The Gaggle: An open-source software system for integrating   bioinformatics software and data sources,"Background: Systems biologists work with many kinds of data, from many   different sources, using a variety of software tools. Each of these   tools typically excels at one type of analysis, such as of microarrays,   of metabolic networks and of predicted protein structure. A crucial   challenge is to combine the capabilities of these (and other   forthcoming) data resources and tools to create a data exploration and   analysis environment that does justice to the variety and complexity of   systems biology data sets. A solution to this problem should recognize   that data types, formats and software in this high throughput age of   biology are constantly changing.   Results: In this paper we describe the Gaggle -a simple, open-source   Java software environment that helps to solve the problem of software   and database integration. Guided by the classic software engineering   strategy of separation of concerns and a policy of semantic flexibility,   it integrates existing popular programs and web resources into a   user-friendly, easily-extended environment.   We demonstrate that four simple data types (names, matrices, networks,   and associative arrays) are sufficient to bring together diverse   databases and software. We highlight some capabilities of the Gaggle   with an exploration of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis genes, in which   we identify a putative ricin-like protein -a discovery made possible by   simultaneous data exploration using a wide range of publicly available   data and a variety of popular bioinformatics software tools.   Conclusion: We have integrated diverse databases (for example, KEGG,   BioCyc, String) and software (Cytoscape, DataMatrixViewer, R statistical   environment, and TIGR Microarray Expression Viewer). Through this loose   coupling of diverse software and databases the Gaggle enables   simultaneous exploration of experimental data (mRNA and protein   abundance, protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions), functional   associations (operon, chromosomal proximity, phylogenetic pattern),   metabolic pathways (KEGG) and Pubmed abstracts (STRING web resource),   creating an exploratory environment useful to `web browser and   spreadsheet biologists', to statistically savvy computational   biologists, and those in between. The Gaggle uses Java RMI and Java Web   Start technologies and can be found at http:// gaggle. systemsbiology.   net.",10.1186/1471-2105-7-176
1430,InProceedings,The State of Open Source Software (OSS) In South Africa,"This paper explores the state of Open Source Software (OSS) in South   Africa. The use of OSS in the business and government environment, as   well as the supply and demand of OSS professionals in the South African   environment are investigated. This research can also provide businesses   with an objective tool with which to help them evaluate OSS in their   businesses.   The results depict a growing trend in the use of OSS in South Africa.   Only a small percentage of SA organisations have significant usage   levels of OSS, with the majority of OSS users planning on maintaining   their current levels of usage. It was observed that 67\\% of non-OSS   users are considering OSS use in the future, with the majority of these   respondents having made preliminary investigations into the viability of   OSS use.   Further results show an association between the size of an organisation   and the usage of OSS, with smaller and medium sized enterprises using   OSS more than larger organisations. It was also observed that the   majority of training institutes perceive that there will be a growth in   demand for OSS training within the next 5 years, which correlates with   findings that the number of training workshops and institutes are   increasing to accommodate the increase in demand.",NA
1431,Article,The impact of ideology on effectiveness in open source software   development teams,"The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned   what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of   formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This   paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including   specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how   adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in OSS   teams. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS   ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and   communication quality and encourage identification with the project   team, which enhances affective trust. Trust and communication in turn   impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers two kinds of   effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer   input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding   antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey   and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that   OSS team members' adherence to the tenets of the OSS community ideology   impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components   impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the   finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to   the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining   input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and   practical implications are discussed.",NA
1432,InProceedings,The micro-dynamics of open source software development activity,"This study aims to isolate and identify the properties of FLOSS   development insofar as these can be revealed by examining the ecology of   SF.net. It characterizes the contrast between the many ``lurkers{''} and   a much smaller core of ``entrepreneurial{''} developers who are   responsible for launching new projects, and gives an interpretation of   the function of platforms such as SF.net as sites that people with a   propensity to start open source projects can use to recruit   ``laborers{''}. It describes the process underpinning the mobility of   those who are recruited among the projects that are launched and   provides insights on the evolution of developers' level and mode of   involvement in FLOSS production.",NA
1433,Article,The promise of research on open source software,"Breaking with many established assumptions about how innovation ought to   work, open source software projects offer eye-opening examples of novel   innovation practices for students and practitioners in many fields. In   this article we briefly review existing research on the open source   phenomenon and discuss the utility of open source software research   findings for many other fields. We categorize the research into three   areas: motivations of open source software contributors; governance,   organization, and the process of innovation in open source software   projects; and competitive dynamics enforced by open source software. We   introduce the articles in this special issue of Management Science on   open source software, and show how each contributes insights to one or   more of these areas.",10.1287/mnsc.1060.0560
1434,Article,The rain forest and the rock garden: the economic impacts of open source software,"The software industry is rapidly being reformed by the collective development of open, common software - open source software (OSS) - sometimes being free at no charge, but always with the source code revealed for changing, testing and improvement. The purpose here is to examine the role and power of software in the economy and review the economic impacts of the trend to OSS on the software industry, largely from a European industrial and social perspective. The paper briefly traces the economic significance of the software industry and the dominance in packaged software of the large US publishers, the phenomena of natural monopolies building in software packages, and the need for different industry structure for Europe, as it exhibits a small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) and system integrator structure. It then examines the balancing affects of OSS. The paper also addresses the role that poor software plays in creating new costs or externalities for its users when it fails, contrasting the robustness of open source in defect repair. The paper finds that the way forward in economic terms for Europe may well be to follow and encourage OSS for reasons of creating a strong software industry and for a counterbalance to current monopolistic trends. The paper's findings emphasise the need for investment, education and encouragement in OSS, by both the public and private sectors, to build a strong knowledge-based society in Europe. The paper introduces the ideas of the basic economic mechanisms of volume sales of software as a good, with analysis of the industry impacts of confluence of the network effect coupled with the law of increasing returns with volume to drive monopolistic positions in the proprietary software package industry.",10.1108/14636690610664633
1435,Article,"The {FLOSS} alternative: {TRIPs}, non-proprietary software and development","In this article I examine the relationship between the global governance of intellectual property rights and the deployment of FLOSS in both the public and private sectors of developing economies. I suggest that the support for non-proprietary software (collectively FLOSS) allows developing countries to comply with their multi-lateral commitments and support the potential development of local software development. Because of the General Public License's dependence on copyright law, the deployment of FLOSS allows compliance with the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) agreement, while at the same time facilitating the development of a local software 'community'. Linux has propelled the development of computer science and engineering in the poorer nations. Linux is the only way most developing nations have to legally access modern and sophisticated software tools, compilers, and programming environments (Bokhari and Rehman, 1999, p. 63).[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s12130-006-1008-4
1437,Article,The {Penguinist} {Discourse}: {A} {Critical} {Application} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project} {Management} to {Organization} {Development},"The apparent altruism observed among contributors to Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) initiatives is often envied by managers seeking to inspire and motivate employees. While conventional managerialist authors often encourage the emulation of FLOSS management style, this paper seeks a social-psychological understanding on FLOSS contributors' motivation, and the control dynamics of the projects' organization. Radical changes on some of the basic assumptions of conventional practices may be required to translate FLOSS approaches to corporate management. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1439,Article,"Three case studies in community-oriented, open-source software development","What does a PDA, video capture card and multimedia appliance have in common?",NA
1440,InProceedings,Towards an ontology for open source software development,"Software development is a knowledge intensive process and the   information generated in open source software development projects is   typically housed in a central Internet repository. Open source   repositories typically contains vast amounts of information, much of it   unstructured, meaning that even if a question has previously been   discussed and dealt with it is not a trivial task to locate it. This can   lead to rework and confusion amongst developers and possibly deter new   developers from getting involved in the project in the first place. This   paper will present the case for an open source software development   ontology. Such an ontology would enable better categorization of   information and the development of sophisticated knowledge portals in   order to better organize community knowledge and increase efficiency in   the open source development process.",NA
1441,Article,UNDERSTANDING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: A RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK,"The success of open source applications such as Apache, Linux, and   Sendmail spurred interest in this form of software, its development   process, and its implication for the software industry. This interest is   evident in the existing research being done to address various issues   relevant to open source software and open source methodology. This paper   proposes a research classification framework that:   informs about the current state of open source software research,   provides a formal structure to classify this research, and   identifies future research opportunities.",10.17705/1CAIS.01712
1443,InProceedings,Understanding Open Source Software through Software Archaeology: The Case of Nethack,"In this study open source software was examined from an archaeological perspective. The objective: to explore the evolution of a long-lived open source project with the intention of learning how code evolution has progressed over time. This investigation provides a case study of Nethack, an enormously popular open source game that has been in development for more than a decade. The Goal Question Metric approach was employed to derive measurement goals for the evaluation of open source software (OSS) evolution in Nethack. According to Lehman's laws, the incremental growth size of successive releases tends to decline during the active life of an evolving program. Our results demonstrate that the evolution patterns observed for Nethack do not consistently conform to Lehman's laws. The growth in Nethack's tarball distribution size, as well as lines of code, exhibited a linear increase in growth in this investigation. Additionally, Lehman's laws dictate that the complexity of a system will increase as it ages. Interestingly, in Nethack, the McCabe cyclomatic complexity was found to decrease with successive releases while the Halstead complexity increased. These results suggest that while the structure complexity of Nethack declined with successive releases, the complexity of calculational logic increased. These findings raise questions concerning the evolution of other OSS applications.",10.1109/SEW.2006.37
1448,InProceedings,Users and developers: an agent-based simulation of open source software evolution,"We present an agent-based simulation model of open source software (OSS). To our knowledge, this is the first model of OSS evolution that includes four significant factors: productivity limited by the complexity of software modules, the software's fitness for purpose, the motivation of developers, and the role of users in defining requirements. The model was evaluated by comparing the simulated results against four measures of software evolution (system size, proportion of highly complex modules, level of complexity control work, and distribution of changes) for four large OSS systems. The simulated results resembled all the observed data, including alternating periods of growth and stagnation. The fidelity of the model suggests that the factors included here have significant effects on the evolution of OSS systems.",10.1007/11754305_31
1449,InProceedings,Users and developers:: An agent-based simulation of open source software   evolution,"We present an agent-based simulation model of open source software   (OSS). To our knowledge, this is the first model of OSS evolution that   includes four significant factors: productivity limited by the   complexity of software modules, the software's fitness for purpose, the   motivation of developers, and the role of users in defining   requirements. The model was evaluated by comparing the simulated results   against four measures of software evolution (system size, proportion of   highly complex modules, level of complexity control work, and   distribution of changes) for four large OSS systems. The simulated   results resembled all the observed data, including alternating periods   of growth and stagnation. The fidelity of the model suggests that the   factors included here have significant effects on the evolution of OSS   systems.",NA
1450,InProceedings,Using NGOSS principles in todays OSS/BSS projects NGOSS meets IMS/SDP,"The IP Multimedia Sub-System (IMS) including the Service Delivery   Platform (SDP) architectures on the one hand and the Operation- or   Business Support Systeins (OSS/BSS) on the other hand represent the   result of efforts by standard bodies and the teleconintunication -or   information technology industry. New so-called third generation (3G) or   triple play services can be delivered to the market by means of using   these architectures as well as respective IT support systems.   Furthermore, various market players, stakeholders or alliances will come   up at the telecommunications arena. The paper will systematic ally   consider all these subject matters and elaborate that the use of New   Generation Systems and Software (NGOSS) principles will leverage the   OSS/BSS as well as IMS/SDP promise. In other words, to provide   efficiently IMS/SDP based services requires an ``IMS/SDP ready{''}   OSS/BSS. There will be lots of well-known as well as quite a few new   features to be provided by such an OSS/BSS. One example is that an   ``IMS/SDP ready{''} OSS/BSS does not only provide all the existing   services very quickly.. it must also be able to support the design and   creation of new types of services including new types of network/IT   resources which allow these new kinds of services at all. This will   impact the whole IMS/SDP as well as OSS/BSS environment, beginning with   the Service Creation Environment (SCE) up to the extension of the   Inventory Management System as the heart of the operational processes.   However, the use of such an OSS/BSS in concert with the IMS/SDP will   play a key role in allowing the operator or service provider to reduce   Operational Expenditure while at the same time, delivering the   efficiencies needed to speed up both the service and infrastructure   provisioning processes. A system integrator's potential contribution in   concert with state-of-the-art IT architectures such as Enterprise   Application Integration (EAI), Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and   Workflow Management in delivering, a project driven solution are also   described by this paper.",NA
1451,Article,Vertical ridge augmentation around implants using e-PTFE   titanium-reinforced membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral   (Bio-Oss): A case report,"with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium-reinforced membrane   to restore a vertical bone defect. Bio-Oss served as a filler material.   After the membrane was removed, screw-type implants were placed. During   this phase, cylindric bone samples were retrieved from the augmented   area for histologic examination. on. The biopsy samples were composed of   low-density trabecular bone with numerous interspersed graft particles.   Clinical and histologic results demonstrated that this surgical   technique could be a successful and predictable procedure for rebuilding   a resorbed ridge to place implants.",NA
1452,InProceedings,Web Content Management Systems: using Plone open source software to build a website for research institute needs,"Information structured as web content is more and more important for an organization that needs to distribute knowledge and share information. Publishing web content is becoming a complex process that requires an adequate information system which is able to meet changing internet technologies in a transparent and easy way for content authors and editors. Implementing a publishing and collaboration system is a tradeoff between these requirements. The paper describes solutions adopted in the context of developing a website for a research institute: the key requirements specifically regard the necessity of keeping the roles of different actors in the full lifecycle of the content management system separate and secure. The approach makes use of Plone open source software that focuses on the content and allows for customizing roles, workflows and security in the publishing process.",10.1109/ICDT.2006.81
1453,Article,{FLOSS} as {Democratic} {Principle}: {Free} {Software} as {Democratic} {Principle},Using Free/Libre and Open Source Software in key areas of government can help improve the democratic process,10.18848/1832-3669/CGP/v02i03/55590
1456,InProceedings,A Case Study on Testing Activites for KT-OSS Maintenance,"This paper describes the testing activities for the maintenance of the KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations Support System). Since the KT-OSS is a large software, it is essential to continuously perform maintenance activities such as the addition of new services from business departments and new functions requested by users and operators, performance improvement of existing functions, correction of the errors found during operation of the system, and so on. To ensure the successful maintenance of the KT-OSS without any effect on the existing functions and performance, we performed various tests related to functionality, efficiency and others before the added and modified parts were applied to the KT-OSS. In this paper, we show the maintenance process, the various tests related to it, the test organization, and the test environment for controlling the quality of the KT-OSS maintenance. Through these testing activities, we were able to successfully maintain the KT-OSS.",10.1109/ICSEA.2007.1
1457,InProceedings,A Nonlinear model predictive control framework as free software: Outlook   and progress report,"Model predictive control (MPC) has been a field with considerable   research efforts and significant improvements in the algorithms. This   has led to a fairly large number of successful industrial applications.   However, many small and medium enterprises have not embraced MPC, even   though their processes may potentially benefit from this control   technology. We tackle one aspect of this issue with the development of a   nonlinear model predictive control package NEWCON that will be released   as free software. The work details the conceptual design, the control   problem formulation and the implementation aspects of the code. A   possible application is illustrated with an example of the level and   reactor temperature control of a simulated CSTR. Finally, the article   outlines future development directions of the NEWCON package.",NA
1458,InProceedings,A Research Collaboratory for Open Source Software Research,"Various research approaches have been proposed to study the OSS movement. To facilitate this OSS related research, we designed and implemented an online research collaboratory. It is not only a repository including over two years of monthly database dumps from SourceForge.net, but also an online community supporting OSS related research. We describe the design and implementation of the research collaboratory and usage statistics for the year 2006.",10.1109/FLOSS.2007.1
1460,InProceedings,A method of dual reliability assessment based on stochastic differential   equation for an open source software,"The current software development environment has been changing into new   development paradigms such as concurrent distributed development   environment and the so-called open source project by using network   computing technologies. Especially, OSS (Open Source Software) systems   which serve as key components of critical infrastructure,, in the   society are still ever-expanding now.   We focus on OSS developed under open source project. In case of   considering the effect of the debugging process on an entire system in   the development of a method of reliability assessment for open source   project, it is necessary to grasp the deeply-intertwined factors, such   as programming path, size of each component, skill of fault reporters,   and so on. In order to consider the effect of each software component on   the reliability of an entire system under such open source software, we   propose a new approach to software reliability assessment by creating a   fusion of neural network and software reliability growth model based on   stochastic differential equations. Also, we analyze actual software   fault count data to show numerical examples of software reliability   assessment for the open source software.",NA
1461,InProceedings,A model to predict anti-regressive effort in Open Source Software,"Accumulated changes on a software system are not uniformly distributed:   some elements are changed more often than others. For optimal impact,   the limited time and effort for complexity control, called   anti-regressive work, should be applied to the elements of the system   which are frequently changed and are complex. Based on this, we propose   a maintenance guidance model (MGM) which is tested against real-world   data. MGM takes into account several dimensions of complexity: size,   structural complexity and coupling. Results show that maintainers of the   eight open source systems studied tend, in general, to prioritize their   anti-regressive work in line with the predictions given by our MGM, even   though, divergences also exist. MGM offers a history-based alternative   to existing approaches to the identification of elements for   anti-regressive work, most of which use static code characteristics   only.",NA
1462,Article,A software tool for signal processing and visualization of   electrophoretic data based on free software,"In this work, we developed a new software tool for signal processing and   analysis of capillary electrophoresis (CE) data. The proposed tool has   been developed under the paradigm of free software and open source,   using wxWidget as the visualization tool, providing thus a user-friendly   interface and easy to use tool that fully meets informatics requirements   of researchers with the need of performing CE data analysis. To achieve   that, the proposed tool has several options for signal processing and   visualization, integrated into various tabs, pull down option menus, a   fast access toolbar, and selectable graphical areas where the user can   show the raw data, and the processed data. Furthermore, the proposed   tool has an online user manual, made using multimedia techniques,   describing its operation in details. The developed tool is based on   structured programming facilitating thus software maintenance as well as   the integration of third-party applications that may further improve or   expand the potential of the present tool. In order to validate the   proposed tool, the algorithms were also implemented using licensed   software, specifically MatLabr, and a comparative study of the   performance of both developments is also presented. Finally, the   application runs on window based or Linux/Unix platforms with reduced   computer resources..",NA
1463,Article,A survey on open source software licenses: student paper,"Software products have been considered as intellectual properties that are protected through patents and/or law. On the other hand, Open Source Software (OSS) allows access to source code so that the users can read, modify, and redistribute the code. OSS is usually developed under an open environment with collaborations among numerous developers. The software is considered more reliable, and the development process is considered more successful in terms of speed, productivity, and quality compared to software developed under the traditional closed development process. This paper studies the basics of OSS including history and background, and OSS licenses. The OSS licenses implement the ""copyleft"" concept, which is a method to make software free to use and modify. By studying the licenses, we expect to understand the philosophy of OSS movement in depth and under what conditions, OSS products are distributed.",NA
1464,Article,Achieving quality in open source software,"Achieving Quality in Open Source Software by Mark Aberdour, pp. 58-64.   The open source software community has published a substantial body of   research on quality. The research reviewed for this article shows a   consensus emerging on the key components of successful OSS delivery.   This article will help both open source and closed-source software   developers better understand how to achieve software quality.",10.1109/MS.2007.2
1467,InProceedings,Activity theory for OSS ecosystems,"The digital business ecosystem is an innovative approach to support the   adoption and development of information and communication technologies   (ICT). A natural life ecosystem is a biological community of interacting   organisms and their physical environments. Conversely, a business   ecosystem is a network of buyers, suppliers and makers of related   products or services, plus the socio-economic environment that includes   the institutional and regulatory framework. The development process of   an OSS environment can be modelled as an information ecosystem. This   paper describes how activity theory can be used to inform the   development of OSS projects.",NA
1468,InProceedings,"Adapting the ""staged model for software evolution"" to free/libre/open source software","Research into traditional software evolution has been tackled from two broad perspectives: that focused on the how, which looks at the processes, methods and techniques to implement and evolve software; and that focused on the what/why perspective, aiming at achieving an understanding of the drivers and general characteristics of the software evolution phenomenon.The two perspectives are related in various ways: the study of the what/why is for instance essential to achieve an appropriate management of software engineering activities, and to guide innovation in processes, methods and tools, that is, the how. The output of the what/why studies is exemplified by empirical hypotheses, such as the staged model of software evolution.This paper focuses on the commonalities and differences between the evolution and patterns in the lifecycles of traditional commercial systems and free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) systems. The existing staged model for software evolution is therefore revised for its applicability on FLOSS systems.",10.1145/1294948.1294968
1469,InCollection,"Addressing Challenges of OSS Application Development for IT Naive, Poor   Users","IT naive, low-budget end-users - such as those in most small to medium   enterprises or small city governments - require specific applications   which are usually simple information systems with no technological   challenges. Their low budget characteristics make the vertical   applications these users need natural targets for free/open source   software (F/OSS) development efforts. The lack of technological   challenges however, does not motivate experienced programmers to   specify, code and test verticals. We are thus left with a problem of   developing verticals which do not attract ROSS volunteers and whose   end-users are not even able to specify them (they are IT naive) nor pay   for professional help to do the job for them. This paper proposes a   solution to such a problem. The solution is organized in the form of a   university level F/OSS vertical development contest, which involves   computer science professors as project leaders and students as   ``volunteered{''} programmers. Quality of the produced software is   guaranteed by means of contest infrastructure, services, support kits   which bring vertical seed code, coding and documentation standards and   code reviews by the contest steering committee members. One such contest   is being carried out in Brazil with the engagement of 5 universities to   gain experience and evaluate contest risks, effectiveness and running   processes. Results so far are encouraging having produced an already   useful city government application. Results also indicated required   adjustments in the technical details and procedures but also high levels   of professor and student motivation. A nation-wide contest to produce   more verticals for small city governments is scheduled to happen next.",NA
1470,Article,An automated quantitation of short echo time MRS spectra in an open   source software environment: AQSES,"This paper describes a new quantitation method called AQSES for short   echo time magnetic resonance spectra. This method is embedded in a   software package available online from   www.esat.kuleuven.be/sista/members/biomed/new/ with a graphical user   interface, under an open source license, which means that the source   code is freely available and easy to adapt to specific needs of the   user. The quantitation problem is mathematically formulated as a   separable nonlinear least-squares fitting problem, which is numerically   solved using a modified variable-projection procedure. A macromolecular   baseline is incorporated into the fit via nonparametric modelling,   efficiently implemented using penalized splines. Unwanted components   such as residual water are removed with a maximum-phase FIR filter.   Constraints on the phases, dampings and frequencies of the metabolites   can be imposed. AQSES has been tested on simulated MR spectra with   several types of disturbance and on short echo time in vivo proton MR   spectra. Results show that AQSES is robust, easy to use and very   flexible. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/nbm.1112
1471,Article,An experimental study of a personalized learning environment through   open-source software tools,"Nowadays, students can easily access online course materials at anytime   or anywhere. Since the learning initiative is taken by students in an   e-learning environment, student-centered course materials become more   critical. They may be prepared based on an individual student's learning   expectation and academic background. In this paper, a model of   personalized learning environment is proposed through 1) learning object   design based on elaboration theory and e-learning standards; 2) applying   item response theory (IRT) in student ability test; 3) managing course   materials by a dynamic conceptual network (DCN); and 4) adopting a user   profile to understand students' behaviors. Finally, these building   blocks are developed by open-source software tools and integrated into a   single system for real-life experimental study.",10.1109/TE.2007.904571
1472,Article,An integrated pipeline of open source software adapted for multi-CPU   architectures: Use in the large-scale identification of single   nucleotide polymorphisms,"The large amounts of EST sequence data available from a single species   of an organism as well as for several species within a genus provide an   easy source of identification of intra-and interspecies single   nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the case of model organisms, the   data available are numerous, given the degree of redundancy in the   deposited EST data. There are several available bioinformatics tools   that can be used to mine this data; however, using them requires a   certain level of expertise: the tools have to be used sequentially with   accompanying format conversion and steps like clustering and assembly of   sequences become time-intensive jobs even for moderately sized datasets.   We report here a pipeline of open source software extended to run on   multiple CPU architectures that can be used to mine large EST datasets   for SNPs and identify restriction sites for assaying the SNPs so that   cost-effective CAPS assays can be developed for SNP genotyping in   genetics and breeding applications. At the International Crops Research   Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the pipeline has been   implemented to run on a Paracel high-performance system consisting of   four dual AMD Opteron processors running Linux with MPICH. The pipeline   can be accessed through user-friendly web interfaces at   http://hpc.icrisat.cgiar.org/PBSWeb and is available on request for   academic use. We have validated the developed pipeline by mining   chickpea ESTs for interspecies SNPs, development of CAPS assays for SNP   genotyping, and confirmation of restriction digestion pattern at the   sequence level. Copyright (C) 2007.",10.1155/2007/35604
1473,InProceedings,An internet application for Lab-Group Booking using open source software,"This paper presents an internet application that helps students to book   laboratories groups. The application is based on a relational database.   The aim of this application is to automate the booking procedure, to   provide speed, flexibility and efficiency for users. The application has   been developed only using open source software. MySQL has been preferred   as a relational database system for the database design. Scripting   language PHP was used to develop the application and to connect the   application with the database. This e-application has been applied with   success in the Department of Information Management of Technological   Institute of Kavala, Greece.",NA
1474,InProceedings,An open source domain-specific tools framework to support model driven   development of OSS,"Telecommunications companies undergo massive transformations which   reflect onto exacting requirements for controlling the costs of new   Operation Support Systems (OSS) development and integration. This calls   for the adoption of new approaches, which improve agility and   reusability. Model Drive Development (MDD), as specified by OMG, can   drastically tackle these issues and has, therefore, attracted the   interest of the telecommunications industry. Equally important is the   Open Source paradigm. For MDD to gain wide industrial adoption, tools   should be available to facilitate the OSS development process. In this   paper, we specify requirements MDD tools should meet for effective   application of the approach. An extensive survey is then carried out to   evaluate existing meta-modelling frameworks over the identified tools   requirements. Eventually, we present the Integrated Eclipse Model driven   Environment (IEME), which comprises a unified environment of bundled   Eclipse-based MDD facilities that also supports the automatic generation   of domain-specific tools.",NA
1475,InProceedings,An open source domain-specific tools framework to support model driven development of OSS,"Telecommunications companies undergo massive transformations which reflect onto exacting requirements for controlling the costs of new Operation Support Systems (OSS) development and integration. This calls for the adoption of new approaches, which improve agility and reusability. Model Drive Development (MDD), as specified by OMG, can drastically tackle these issues and has, therefore, attracted the interest of the telecommunications industry. Equally important is the Open Source paradigm. For MDD to gain wide industrial adoption, tools should be available to facilitate the OSS development process. In this paper, we specify requirements MDD tools should meet for effective application of the approach. An extensive survey is then carried out to evaluate existing meta-modelling frameworks over the identified tools requirements. Eventually, we present the Integrated Eclipse Model driven Environment (IEME), which comprises a unified environment of bundled Eclipse-based MDD facilities that also supports the automatic generation of domain-specific tools.",NA
1476,InProceedings,Analysis of Activity in the Open Source Software Development Community,"Open Source Software is computer software for which the source code is publicly open for inspection, modification, and redistribution. While research of a few, large, successful projects have provided insights into the nature and practices of the open source software community; it still leaves open the question about the thousands of other open source projects which are neither large or highly successful. In this paper, we describe a data set of SourceForge.net, the world's largest open source software development site, which is available for research purposes; we discuss various data mining techniques that can be applied to the data and the type of research questions that can be answered. We apply a few of these techniques and provide analysis of the results.",10.1109/HICSS.2007.74
1477,InProceedings,Aspects of Software Quality Assurance in Open Source Software Projects: Two Case Studies from Apache Project,"Open source software (OSS) solutions provide missioncritical services to industry and government organizations. However, empirical studies on OSS development practices raise concerns on risky practices such as unclear requirement elicitation, ad hoc development process, little attention to quality assurance (QA) and documentation, and poor project management. Event then the ability to produce high quality products in such an environment may seem surprising and thus warrants an investigation on effective QA mechanism in OSS projects. This paper provides a preliminary exploration to improve our understanding of software quality practices in different types of OSS projects. We propose a framework of QA in an OSS project, elicit OSS stakeholder value propositions for QA, and derive performance indicators. For an initial empirical evaluation we applied these indicators to 5 releases of 2 large Apache projects (Tomcat and MyFaces) to analyze the extent to which QA aspects are commonly performed during development process.",10.1109/EUROMICRO.2007.19
1479,InProceedings,Authoring Multimedia Learning Material Using Open Standards and Free Software,"Technological support to learning and teaching has become widespread due to computers and Internet ubiquity. Particularly e-learning platforms permit the any time and any place distribution of interactive multimedia learning materials. There are commercial tools available to author this kind of content, usually based on proprietary formats. This option has some drawbacks like license cost and software company dependency. To use open data standards and free software is an alternative without these inconveniences but available authoring tools are commonly less productive. This shortcoming is certainly important to non technical authors and it could be solved by open source collaboration. With this work we try to contribute to this endeavor in the case of synchronized multimedia presentations. Our proposal is based on SMIL as composition language particularly we reuse and customize the SMIL technical presentation template used in INRIA. We also propose a set of free tools to produce presentation content focusing on RealPlayer as delivery client.",10.1109/ISM.Workshops.2007.70
1481,Article,Beyond Development: A Research Agenda for Investigating Open Source   Software User Communities,"Open source software has rapidly become a popular area of study within   the information systems research community. Most of the research   conducted so far has focused on the phenomenon of open source software   development, rather than use. We argue for the importance of studying   open source software use and propose a framework to guide research in   this area. The framework describes four main areas of investigation: the   creation of OSS user communities, their characteristics, their   contributions and how they change. For each area of the framework, we   suggest several research questions that deserve attention.",10.4018/irmj.2007010105
1482,InProceedings,Beyond Total Cost of Ownership: Applying Balanced Scorecards to Open-Source Software,"Potential users of Open Source Software (OSS) face the problem of evaluating OSS, in order to assess the convenience of adopting OSS instead of commercial software, or to choose among different OSS proposals. Different metrics were defined, addressing different OSS properties: the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) addresses the cost of acquiring, adapting and operating OSS; the Total Account Ownership (TAO) represents the degree of freedom of the user with respect to the technology provider; indexes like the Open Business Quality Rating (Open BQR) assess the quality of the software with respect to the user's needs. However, none of the proposed methods and models addresses all the aspects of OSS in a balanced and complete way. For this purpose, the paper explores the possibility of adapting the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) technique to OSS. A preliminary definition of the BSC for OSS is given and discussed.",10.1109/ICSEA.2007.19
1484,InProceedings,Can Humanitarian Open-Source Software Development Draw New Students to   CS?,"In this paper, we present an example humanitarian open-source software   project that has been used since January 2006 at a small liberal-arts   college as an experiment in undergraduate CS education. Sabana   (Sinhalese for relief) is a free and open-source disaster management   system developed in Sri Lanka by a group of IT professionals following   the 2004 Asian tsunami. It is a web-based tool that addresses the IT   coordination problems that typically occur in trying to recover from a   large-scale disaster. We are currently exploring the wider use of Sahana   as a sustainable model and platform for teaching about open-source   software development while at the same time allowing CS students and   educators to make a socially useful contribution of their time, effort,   and expertise. This paper presents our experiences with Sahana including   the benefits for both academia and industry.",10.1145/1227310.1227495
1486,Article,Can humanitarian open-source software development draw new students to CS?,"In this paper, we present an example humanitarian open-source software project that has been used since January 2006 at a small liberal-arts college as an experiment in undergraduate CS education. Sahana (Sinhalese for relief) is a free and open-source disaster management system developed in Sri Lanka by a group of IT professionals following the 2004 Asian tsunami. It is a web-based tool that addresses the IT coordination problems that typically occur in trying to recover from a large-scale disaster. We are currently exploring the wider use of Sahana as a sustainable model and platform for teaching about open-source software development while at the same time allowing CS students and educators to make a socially useful contribution of their time, effort, and expertise. This paper presents our experiences with Sahana including the benefits for both academia and industry.",10.1145/1227504.1227495
1487,Article,Ciclope: FOSS for developing and managing educational web laboratories,"This paper describes Ciclope, a free software project designed to solve   the problem of the lack of practical assignments in technical   universities due to scarce resources and to the design of the   educational system. Ciclope offers software and content to replicate the   educational Web labs that the authors have designed, and whose   architecture and work methodology are intended for teachers who want to   create new Web labs. The biggest advantages of these kinds of   laboratories are that users can work through the Internet as if they   were present in the lab, but without space or time restrictions.   Furthermore, teachers can have full control of what students do, since   all operations are registered in a database which helps them to evaluate   the students. Ciclope proposes a modular structure based on software   components that are easy to install, configure, and extend according to   teachers' needs. So far, various Web labs have been built to carry out   practical assignments in astronomy, automatic control, chemistry, image   processing, robotics, and real-time operating systems. The software,   documentation, and content developed in this project are free, under GNU   (a recursive acronym meaning GNU is Not UNIX) licenses, and as in all   free projects, the authors welcome all collaboration from the   educational community.",10.1109/TE.2007.907268
1488,Article,Comment: Virtual neighborhood watch: Open source software and community   policing against cybercrime,"Cybercrime-crime committed through the use of a computer-is a real and   growing problem that costs governments, businesses, and individual   computer users millions of dollars annually and that facilitates many of   the same crimes committed in realspace, such as identity theft and the   trafficking of child pornography, only on a larger scale. However, the   current strategies deployed by law enforcement to combat cybercrime have   proven ineffective. Borne out of traditional notions of criminal   behavior, these strategies and tactics are often ill-suited to prevent   or punish cybercrime, which often defies the traditional notions of   criminal behavior bounded by the corporeal world such as scale and   proximity. This Comment argues that a more effective methodology in the   fight against cybercrime is to develop a model of community policing, in   which the power to deter and prevent cybercrime is divested into the   hands of individual computer users. One such strategy for achieving   effective community policing against cybercrime is through the increased   use of open-source soft-ware, software in which users are given access   to the underlying source code and may make modifications to that source   code in order to ameliorate vulnerabilities that may enable cybercrime.   This Comment looks at the development of traditional community policing   strategies and argues that the increased use of open source   software-spurned by greater involvement by government and   corporations-may be a more effective technique in the fight against   cybercrime.",NA
1489,InProceedings,Constructing collaborative learning environment with open-source   software,"Internet-based collaborative learning system has begun to be widely   used; open-source software can provide strong support for building   collaborative learning environment. In this paper, using open-source   software, a feature-rich, reasonable framework of collaborative learning   system is created. The framework, based on the effective integration,   can be used to rapidly establish a broad application of the   collaborative learning environment.",NA
1490,InProceedings,Coupling Patterns in the Effective Reuse of Open Source Software,"Albeit practical reuse approaches have been established in commercial environments, the Open Source Software (OSS) communities have not yet taken full advantage of the reuse mechanism. Many OSS projects, sharing the same application domain and topic, duplicate effort and code, without fully leveraging the vast amounts of available code. In order to fill these gaps, this study focuses on source code folders of OSS projects: the objective is to investigate their potential as shareable and small-grained reusable software components in other OSS projects.",10.1109/FLOSS.2007.4
1492,InProceedings,Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community,"Motivation -- This research aims at investigating emerging roles and forms of participation fostering design-use mediation during the Open Source Software design processResearch approach -- We compare online interactions for a successful ""pushed-by-users"" design process with unsuccessful previous proposals. The methodology developed, articulate structural analyses of the discussions (organization of discussions, participation) to actions to the code and documentation made by participants to the project. We focus on the user-oriented and the developer-oriented mailing-lists of the Python project.Findings/Design -- We find that key-participants, the cross-participants, foster the design process and act as boundary spanners between the users and the developers' communities.Research limitations/Implications -- These findings can be reinforced developing software to automate the structural analysis of discussions and actions to the code and documentation. Further analyses, supported by these tools, will be necessary to generalise our results.Originality/Value -- The analysis of participation among the three interaction spaces of OSS design (discussion, documentation and implementation) is the main originality of this work compared to other OSS research that mainly analyse one or two spaces.Take away message -- Beside the idealistic picture that users may intervene freely in the process, OSS design is boost and framed by some key-participants and specific rules and there can be barriers to users' participation.",10.1145/1362550.1362564
1493,Article,Crossover from endogenous to exogenous activity in open-source software   development,"We have investigated the origin of fluctuations in the aggregated   behaviour of an open-source software community. In a recent series of   papers (DE MENEZES M. A. and BARABASI A.-L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 92 (   2004) 28701; 93 ( 2004) 68701; YOOK S. H. and de MENEZES M. A.,   Europhys. Lett., 72 ( 2005) 541), de Menezes and co-workers have shown   how to separate internal dynamics from external fluctuations by   capturing the simultaneous activity of many system's components. In   spite of software development being a planned activity, the analysis of   fluctuations reveals how external driving forces can be only observed at   weekly and higher time scales. Hourly and higher change frequencies   mostly relate to internal maintenance activities. There is a crossover   from endogenous to exogenous activity depending on the average number   of. le changes. This new evidence suggests that software development is   a non-homogeneous design activity where stronger efforts focus in a few   project files. The crossover can be explained with a Langevin equation   associated to the cascading process, where changes to any. le trigger   additional changes to its neighbours in the software network. In   addition, analysis of fluctuations enables us to detect whether a   software system can be decomposed into several subsystems with different   development dynamics. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007.",10.1209/0295-5075/77/20002
1494,InProceedings,Detecting Patch Submission and Acceptance in OSS Projects,"The success of open source software (OSS) is completely dependent on the work of volunteers who contribute their time and talents. The submission of patches is the major way that participants outside of the core group of developers make contributions. We argue that the process of patch submission and acceptance into the codebase is an important piece of the open source puzzle and that the use of patch-related data can be helpful in understanding how OSS projects work. We present our methods in identifying the submission and acceptance of patches and give results and evaluation in applying these methods to the Apache webserver, Python interpreter, Postgres SQL database, and (with limitations) MySQL database projects. In addition, we present valuable ways in which this data has been and can be used.",10.1109/MSR.2007.6
1496,Article,Developing and learning web services with open source software: an experience report,"To simultaneously teach the principles of software engineering and expose students to current in-demand technologies in the business world, one recent undergraduate course put them through a semester-long project to design and build a web service from the ground up. This project was conducted in a simulated business environment with the course instructor playing the role of customer. In the interests of demonstrating the benefits of software reuse, the instructor insisted that the web services be built using open-source software. By the end of the semester, and with the benefit of outside consultation, the teams managed to produce a finished working prototype. This paper will describe their effort and experiences, underscoring risks encountered, strengths embraced, and lessons learned by the end of the project.",NA
1497,InProceedings,E-government and FOSS policies in Indonesia,"The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the   Indonesian development is very important, especially in the application   of e-government to support good, clean, transparent governance, and   public service's improvement as a whole.   Free Open Source Software (FOSS), is also an interesting interoperable   ICT system, to be used and developed for making the self-made and legal   software, which will have the promising benefits in the country, not   only for the government but also useful in the public sectors,   industries, human resources, etc.   Both issues were launched by our government, while some constraints or   obstacles are found during their implementation. This paper will discuss   about e-government and FOSS policies in Indonesia, based on the   available supported data, and recent efforts in the issues that made by   educational institutions like universities.   This paper will be divided into three parts: part I about the ICT's role   for Indonesian development; part 2 about e-government and FOSS policies;   part 3 about the implementation with some discussions on specific   condition and situation; and finally it will be closed by the   conclusion.",NA
1498,InProceedings,E-learning sites development using Open Source Software support in the   enterprise,"The rapid development of a new technologies lead to invariable   apparition of new evolving products on the market. For to keep pace with   competitor companies it's imperative than the enterprises to assure a   permanent training their employees adapted to market changes or trends   and enterprise specifically. Important is to make this activity with low   cost because employees training isn't a temporary enterprise activity.   E-learning represent today the best alternative solution to traditional   methods for organizations considering than hereby the employees have all   time access to the enterprise resources, knowledge and information's. We   present in this paper a model for e-learning sites built in the   enterprises with open source software support (OSS).",NA
1499,Article,ETHICAL EVOLUTION: ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY IN <i>THE MILL ON THE FLOSS</i>,NA,NA
1500,InProceedings,Economic benefits of free and open source software in electronic governance,"This paper examines differences of using proprietary software and free software in electronic governance from an economic point of view. The paper identifies and highlights key areas in network economy, where free and open source software can drastically cut costs both short-term and long-term, if used instead of proprietary software.The research examines both governmental use and development of software and proposes a way for governments to manage free and open source software projects in order to lower costs for all agencies. The aforementioned policy is used as a basis for the research and its proposals.",10.1145/1328057.1328095
1501,InProceedings,Effect of coupling on defect proneness in evolutionary open-source   software development,"Previous research on closed-source software found that highly coupled   software modules were more defect prone, which makes it important to   understand the effect of coupling on defect proneness in open-source   software (OSS) projects. For this purpose, we used Cox proportional   hazards modeling with recurrent events. We found that the effect of   coupling was significant, and we quantified this effect on defect   proneness.",NA
1502,Article,Electronic publishing and institutional archives: utilising open-source   software,"The interest in open access and institutional archives in Norway is   growing. In 2005, several university libraries, university college   libraries and other research libraries met and discussed a joint effort   to create institutional archives. The meeting resulted in the Pepia   project with BIBSYS as a software partner. The project group decided to   use the open source system DSpace as a software platform. A standard   DSpace installation runs on a Tomcat servlet container. BIBSYS does not   use this container, and we therefore needed to configure DSpace to get   it to run successfully on our server. In addition we had some problems   with integrating the DSpace development structure with our integrated   development environment. Further we needed to create a new build process   that effectively could build more than 30 applications from one source   code. These changes were quite time consuming, but they were necessary   so that we could have an efficient work environment. Out of the box   DSpace has many of the functionalities that an institutional archive   requires. In spite of this we needed to alter some of the functionality,   especially the user management system. DSpace is a complex system, but   with the active community we could get the help we needed. BIBSYS Brage,   the result of the Pepia project, was launched as a beta version in   December 2006. We look forward to develop BIBSYS Brage further, and are   confidant that it will become a great system for the consortium.",NA
1504,InProceedings,Empirical Studies of Open Source Software Development,"In its third year, the minitrack on Open Source Software (OSS) Development continues to provide a forum for discussion of an increasingly important mode of software development. OSS is a broad term used to embrace software that is developed and released under some sort of ""open source"" license. OSS development creates new challenges to software development, as team members typically work in a distributed environment and often as volunteers rather than employees. Researchers from a variety of disciplines have turned their attention to the phenomenon of OSS development as a successful and intriguing form of Internet supported work.",10.1109/HICSS.2007.205
1505,InProceedings,Evaluating the Impact of Adaptive Maintenance Process on Open Source Software Quality,"The paper focuses on measuring and assessing the relation of adaptive maintenance process and quality of open source software (OSS). A framework for assessing adaptive maintenance process is proposed and applied. The framework consists of six subprocesses. Five OSSs with considerable number of releases have been studied empirically. Their main evolutionary and quality characteristics have been measured. The main results of the study are the following:. 1) Software maintainability is affected mostly by the activities of the 'Analysis' maintenance sub-process. 2) Software testability is affected by the activities of all maintenance sub-processes. 3) Software reliability is affected mostly by the activities of the 'Design' and 'Delivery' maintenance subprocesses. 4) Software complexity is affected mostly by the activities of the 'Problem identification', 'Design', 'Implementation' and 'Test' sub-processes. 5) Software flexibility is affected mostly by the activities of the 'Delivery' sub-process.",10.1109/ESEM.2007.43
1506,InProceedings,Event-Based Monitoring of Open Source Software Projects,"Project management traditionally has a strong focus on human reporting that fits well a tightly coupled form of organization to ensure the quality of project reporting. For loosely coupled forms of organization, such as open source systems (OSS) development projects, there are very few approaches to ensure the quality of project reporting; a promising approach can be to augment human reporting with data analysis based on the communication and state changes in an OSS project. In this paper we propose a concept and an initial measurement approach for event-based monitoring of OSS projects to better understand the actual benefit of tool-supported gathering, correlating and analyzing processes event data from the OSS community as a supplement for traditional software project monitoring data collection. We report on an empirical feasibility study investigating success and risk indicators of five OSS projects listed in the Apache Incubator.",10.1109/ARES.2007.84
1510,InProceedings,Examining OSS success: Information technology acceptance by FireFox   users,NA,NA
1511,InProceedings,F<i>l</i>OSS managed data sources maturity level:: a first attempt,"Many organizations have started to integrate Free (libre) Open Source   Software and are currently faced with the Problem of selecting the   components that meet their quality needs, in particular, regarding their   evolvability and their robustness. Their assessment is often performed   via ad hoc investigations on a few publicly available data sources such   as IT newspapers and the internet because of a lack of time and   methodology. This paper(1) identifies and describes some of the major   electronic data sources where the information can be extracted during   the assessment of the evolvability, (and the maturity level) of FlOSS.",NA
1512,Article,"FROM FREE SOFTWARE TO FREE KNOWLEDGE: TECHNICAL ARGUMENTS TO ASPIRE TO A   UNIVERSAL, EGALITARIAN AND FREE DIGITAL SOCIETY","The free knowledge movement has been created over the already   established free software movement with similar objectives to offer free   knowledge to everybody. The governs of the all countries in the world   are the agents that can contribute more to extend these movements and   also to obtain the main advantages, such as improving the services   offered to the citizens and theirs resources and, mainly, to guarantee   the universal access to the information and the knowledge society really   frees. We also show the main motivations of the authors of the free   software and the free knowledge.",NA
1513,InProceedings,First International Workshop on Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development,"The ""Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development"" workshop series will be based on the growing interest of researchers and practitioners in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). The first workshop will be specifically focused on discussing the phenomenon of global FLOSS development and how to improve cllaboration and the communication of results between researchers, practitioners and FLOSS communities. For this purpose, the overarching theme of this year's workshop is ""Feeding Back the Communities"". Its goal is to bring together academic researchers, industry members and FLOSS developers and to discuss crossfertilization of results on FLOSS research and practice.",10.1109/ICSECOMPANION.2007.39
1515,InProceedings,Free and Open Source Software development in Mongolia,"The Free and Open Source Software concept has been adopted in Mongolia   in frame of Sakura project. The main outputs of this project are (1) the   development of research finding paper in efficiency of learning and   choice between FOSS and Microsoft software that correspond to Mongolian   education sector policy development; (2) the conduct of round-table   discussions and research validation workshop on use of FOSS in education   sector, involving different strategic stakeholders in Mongolian   information and communications policy development (ICTA and attached   agencies,academy, key IT associations, NGOs and other civil society   organizations); and (3) print publication of the aforementioned paper,   including relevant outputs of the Mated round-table discussions and   validation workshops.",10.1109/IFOST.2007.4798664
1516,InProceedings,Free/open source software development,"The focus of this paper is to review what is known about free and open source software development (FOSSD) work practices, development processes, project and community dynamics, and other socio-technical relationships. It focuses on exploring how FOSS is developed and evolved based on an extensive review of a set of empirical studies of FOSSD projects that articulate different levels of analysis. These characterize what has been analyzed in FOSSD studies across levels that examine (i) why individuals participate; (ii) resources and capabilities supporting development activities; (iii) how cooperation, coordination, and control are realized in projects; (iv) alliance formation and inter-project social networking; (v) FOSS as a multi-project software ecosystem, and (vi) FOSS as a social movement. Next, there is a discussion of limitations and constraints in the FOSSD studies so far. Last, attention shifts to identifying emerging opportunities for future FOSSD studies that can give rise to the development of new software engineering tools or techniques, as well as to new empirical studies of software development.",10.1145/1287624.1287689
1517,InProceedings,Free/open source software development: recent research results and emerging opportunities,"The focus of this paper is to review what is known about free and open source software development (FOSSD) work practices, development processes, project and community dynamics, and other socio-technical relationships. It focuses on exploring how FOSS is developed and evolved based on an extensive review of a set of empirical studies of FOSSD projects that articulate different levels of analysis. These characterize what has been analyzed in FOSSD studies across levels that examine (i) why individuals participate; (ii) resources and capabilities supporting development activities; (iii) how cooperation, coordination, and control are realized in projects; (iv) alliance formation and inter-project social networking; (v) FOSS as a multi-project software ecosystem, and (vi) FOSS as a social movement. Next, there is a discussion of limitations and constraints in the FOSSD studies so far. Last, attention shifts to identifying emerging opportunities for future FOSSD studies that can give rise to the development of new software engineering tools or techniques, as well as to new empirical studies of software development.",10.1145/1295014.1295019
1518,Article,Globalization from {Below}: {Free} {Software} and {Alternatives} to {Neoliberalism},"This article explores one of the central struggles over the politics of globalization: forging alternatives to neoliberalism by developing new forms of globalization from below. It focuses on a unique facet of this struggle, rooted in the centrality of information technologies for global trade and production, as well as new forms of media and digital culture. The analysis has four main parts: examining the key role of software as a technological infrastructure for diverse forms of globalization; conceptualizing the contradictory implications of three software business models for realizing the utopian potential of digital technology to develop forms of globalization from below; exploring how three free and open source software business models were put into practice by Red Hat, IBM and the Free Software Foundation; and analysing Brazilian software policy as a form of globalization from below that challenges the historical dominance of the global North and seeks to develop new forms of digital inclusion and digital culture. Adapted from the source document.",10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00462.x
1519,Article,Governance of open source software: state of the art,"In this overview of governance mechanisms developed within open source   software (OSS) circles, three types of governance are studied:   `spontaneous' governance, internal governance, and governance towards   outside parties. Moreover, two main ways in which lessons from OSS can   be applied elsewhere are explored: peer production of products other   than software, and embedding `peerproduced' products and peer processes   into existing institutions ('coupling').",10.1007/s10997-007-9022-9
1521,Article,"Government {Policy}, {Continental} {Collaboration} and the {Diffusion} of {Open} {Source} {Software} in {China}, {Japan}, and {South} {Korea}","The scale of development and deployment of open source software (OSS) in the three Northeast Asian countries-China, Japan, and South Korea-is large enough to be noticed at the global level. OSS has redefined the dynamics of software markets in the three countries and has brought significant structural changes in their software industries. Governments have played a pivotal role in the development of OSS industry in the region. Governments in the three countries have also created impetus for continental collaborations in OSS projects. This paper examines the roles and contributions of governments to the OSS initiative in the three countries in terms of a number of technology visions and goals. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1300/J098v08n01_06
1522,Article,ICT for environment in life cycle applications openLCA - A new open   source software for Life Cycle Assessment,"This paper is a two-fold introduction. For one, it introduces a new,   open source, LCA software. Second, it is to establish a new section in   Int J LCA named `LCA Software'. Herewith, the editors of the journal   recognise the growing possibilities and the impact of software, meaning   both databases and calculation as well as modelling software, for   practical applications as well as for the scientific development in LCA.   This section is designed to house a broad variety of papers to be LCA   focused and related to ICT (Information and Communication Technology).   In this sense, announcements (as this one), conference reports, but also   peer-reviewed papers on methodology and case studies, are most welcome.",10.1065/lca2007.06.337
1523,InProceedings,Identifying Success and Tragedy of FLOSS Commons: A Preliminary Classification of Sourceforge.net Projects,"Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects are a form of commons where individuals work collectively to produce software that is a public, rather than a private, good. The famous phrase ""Tragedy of the Commons"" describes a situation where a natural resource commons, such as a pasture, or a water supply, gets depleted because of overuse. The tragedy in FLOSS commons is distinctly different -- it occurs when collective action ceases before a software product is produced or reaches its full potential. This paper builds on previous work about defining success in FLOSS projects by taking a collective action perspective. We first report the results of interviews with FLOSS developers regarding our ideas about success and failure in FLOSS projects. Building on those interviews and previous work, we then describe our criteria for defining success/tragedy in FLOSS commons. Finally, we discuss the results of a preliminary classification of nearly all projects hosted on Sourceforge.net as of August 2006.",10.1109/FLOSS.2007.9
1525,InProceedings,Information technology for education management and Open Source Software   -: Improving education management through open source,"Open Source Software has received lately a great deal of attention,   specially due to its lower cost in comparison to Proprietary Software.   In the education area, this is quite important due to economical   restrictions. Lately, we have seen different Spanish communities   embracing the OSS model following different models. This article begins   by examining OSS history, as well as its main strengths and weaknesses.   It follows examining the possibilities and advantages of OSS in   education and presents three possible ways in which the OSS can be   introduced in a territory.",NA
1526,InProceedings,Innovation in open source software development: A tale of two features,"Open Source Software Development appears to depart radically from   conventional notions of software engineering. In particular,   requirements for Open Source projects seem to be asserted rather than   elicited. This paper examines two features of selected open source   products: ``tabbed browsing{''} as realized in the Firefox web browser,   and ``edge magnetism{''} found in the Gnome desktop environment's   Metacity window manager. Using archives of mailing lists and issue   tracking databases, these features were traced from first mention to   release, in attempt to discover the process by which requirements are   proposed, adopted, and implemented in their respective Open Source   projects. The results confirm the importance of user participation in   Open Source projects.",NA
1527,Article,Intrinsic motivation in open source software development,"This papers sheds light on the puzzling fact that even though open   source software (OSS) is a public good, it is developed for free by   highly qualified, young, motivated individuals, and evolves at a rapid   pace. We show that when OSS development is understood as the private   provision of a public good, these features emerge quite naturally. We   adapt a dynamic private-provision-of-public-goods model to reflect key   aspects of the OSS phenomenon, such as play value or homo ludens payoff,   user-programmers' and gift culture benefits. Such intrinsic motives   feature extensively in the wider OSS literature and contribute new   insights to the economic analysis.",10.1016/j.jce.2006.10.001
1529,Article,Introducing Open Source Software into Slovenian Primary and Secondary   Schools,"This paper deals with the use of Open Source Software (OSS) in learning   environments. Advantages and obstacles of OSS are discussed. Problems   and opportunities of introducing OSS into an educational process   especially in primary and secondary schools are presented. The survey   research, which was carried out in order to study the use of OSS in the   educational system of Slovenia is described. The most important   characteristics of OSS like reliability, functionality,   interoperability, licensing philosophy, values of OS movements and price   are examined. The results are presented and compared with those of a   similar research in USA. Some interesting similarities and differences   are discovered.",NA
1530,InProceedings,Introducing usability practices to OSS: The insiders' experience,"This paper presents a case study of introducing usability practices to a   small open source project called Carrot(2). We describe our experiences   from a point of view of an active Carrot(2) developer, who is at the   same time a usability enthusiast and practitioner. We perform a critical   analysis of the system's original user interface and describe the steps   we took to improve it. We also analyse the success factors and the   impact of the whole redesign process.",NA
1531,Article,Introduction to a roundtable on the governance of open source software: particular solutions and general lessons,Issue Title: Roundtable on the Governance of Open Source Software,10.1007/s10997-007-9025-6
1532,InProceedings,Intrusion detection in open source software via dynamic aspects,"Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is an emerging software engineering   methodology, which has been used to assist in the removal of   crosscutting concerns from traditional methods of software development.   As an example, software used to determine whether a user has appropriate   security clearance might be scattered throughout the many modules, which   require this check. Utilising AOP, ``aspects{''} are ``woven{''} into   the software either in a ``static{''} method, during compilation, or a   ``dynamic{''} method while the program is executing. The ``join   points{''} in a program are the points where these aspects are applied.   The ``aspect{''} code is written once and ``woven{''} in to the modules   at join points. Typical aspects involve logging changes to a database   and monitoring memory usage. Our focus is on aspects related to security   and intrusion incident detection.   Dynamic weaving allows aspects to be woven in and out as the program is   executing. However the base code often must be compiled with additional   ``syntactic sugar{''} - additions that are required for the later   connection of dynamic aspects. This paper presents a new technique to   enable dynamically loaded security modules to be added into existing   C/C++ code on the fly while the program is executing. Our tool is a   Run-Time Event Monitoring System called ``dynamicHook{''}, implemented   on a standard Linux platform using existing Linux tools, which tests   each potential join point for the required activation of advice. Our   system does not need to modify the executable files, but instead we   compile in special ``linkage{''} between the base code and potential   aspects which are then called as dynamically linked routines located in   shared libraries. Our scheme does not require any new syntax or language   extensions or rely on code transformations; we thus use it for adding   intrusion detection methodologies to pre-existing off-the-shelf open   source software.",NA
1533,Article,Involving {Software} {Engineering} {Students} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {Experiences} from a {Pilot} {Study},"Anecdotal and research evidences show that the Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) development model has produced a paradigm shift in the way we develop, support, and distribute software. This shift is not only redefining the software industry but also the way we teach and learn in our software engineering (SE) courses. But for many universities F/OSS is seen as an optional low cost technology to support the IT infrastructure and administrational duties. Few see F/OSS as an opportunity for students to learn the SE concepts and skills we teach. Furthermore, it is still an open question as to whether the F/OSS methodology can be effectively used to teach SE courses within the formally structured curriculum in most universities. This paper discusses F/OSS projects as bazaars of learning that offer a meaningful learning context. The discussion is centered on a pilot study in which students were involved in software testing in F/OSS projects. We present the teaching and learning framework we used in the pilot study and report on our experiences, lessons learned, and some practical problems we encountered. Our grading and evaluation approach show that the students did relatively well as bug hunters and reporters. Results from two online surveys indicate that students are motivated in participating in software testing in the bazaar, and they are willing to participate in project activities long after their graduation. The study reveals one possible way SE educators can teach and integrate F/OSS into their formal curricular structure. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1534,InProceedings,Large scale P2P distribution of open-source software,"Open-source software communities currently face an increasing complexity in managing and distributing software content among their developers and contributors. This is mainly due to the continuously growing size of the software, of the community, the high frequency of updates, and the heterogeneity of the participants. We propose a large scale P2P distribution system that tackles two main issues in software content management: efficient content dissemination and advanced information system capabilities.",NA
1535,InProceedings,Learning through practical involvement in the OSS ecosystem: Experiences   from a masters assignment,"Increased awareness of and interest in Open Source has led to a number   of university teaching initiatives, at both national and European level.   In this paper we present experiences from a practical assignment   designed to give students on an Open Source Masters course an insight   into real involvement in Open Source projects. It discusses the   motivations for the assignment, and how it was set up and executed. It   reports on post facto student feedback, and reflects on a parallel,   reduced exercise offered at undergraduate level. We find that the   learning experience was both positive and valuable in that it gave real   insight into Open Source participation, and also encouraged further   participation in Open Source projects by students after the course had   completed.",NA
1536,InProceedings,Levels of formality in FOSS communities,"One of the aspects of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) which may act   as a significant deterrent to its adoption, is the method used to   collaboratively develop the software and provide support through the use   of communities. It is not until this method is examined more closely   that its many advantages can be realised. The method can, however, seem   very disorgamsed especially when compared with traditional proprietary   development styles. A key difference between these two development   approaches lies in the management of projects, and perhaps as a   consequence, in the level of formality in the community environment.   This paper presents the results of empirical survey research   investigating FOSS community participants' views on the level of   formality in FOSS, and the way in which this affects both development   and support provision activities. The paper then concludes by analysing   what can be learnt from the participant's views.",NA
1537,InProceedings,Living the free/open source software development process in the classroom: an experience with RUP,"Despite the advances in software engineering, the development of information systems (IS) is still a difficult task; even more difficult is to develop the needed skills in an academic environment (a classroom). This is partly because it is not always possible to simulate real situations in the classroom. This article presents the lessons learned from the experience of teaching IS to computer engineering students at the Universidad Sim\\'{o}n Bol\\'{\\i}var in Venezuela. The teaching venture used a development process based on free/open source software, with the innovative use of collaborative and free tools and under the methodological guidelines of RUP. As a result we have developed 4 case studies for the college community; each one obtained high levels of satisfaction from users and provided students with not only the knowledge, but also with the practical experience in regards with IS development learning.",NA
1538,InProceedings,Major HCI challenges for open source software adoption and development,"The aim of the paper is to identify and discuss major challenges for OSS   from an HCI perspective, so as to aid the adoption and development   processes for end-users, developers and organizations. The paper focuses   on four important HCI concerns: product usability, support for user and   development communities, accessibility and software usability and   proposes areas for further research on the basis of related work and own   experiences.",NA
1539,InProceedings,Major HCI challenges for open source software adoption and development,"The aim of the paper is to identify and discuss major challenges for OSS from an HCI perspective, so as to aid the adoption and development processes for end-users, developers and organizations. The paper focuses on four important HCI concerns: product usability, support for user and development communities, accessibility and software usability and proposes areas for further research on the basis of related work and own experiences.",NA
1540,InProceedings,Managing digital archives using open source software tools,"This paper describes the use of open source software tools such as MySQL   and PHP for creating database-backed websites. Such websites offer many   advantages over ones built from static HTML pages. This paper will   discuss how OSS tools are used and their benefits, and after the   successful implementation of these tools how the library took the   initiative in implementing an institutional repository using DSpace open   source software.",NA
1541,InProceedings,Managing knowledge within Military Open Source Software (MOSS) projects,"The Open Source Software (OSS) development model is arousing increasing   interest from both practitioners and theorists. OSS models are congenial   for both private companies and public administrations since they provide   software users and suppliers with highly responsive and innovative   development models which are likely to reduce costs and to provide   additional autonomy within critical technological domains. OSS are   characterized by the distribution of source code to any developer   interested in contributing to the provision of the code. License terms   allow a developer to make unlimited copies of the source code which can   be modified indefinitely by developers to fulfil particular needs. Each   developer is then free to distribute her work and exploit it   commercially depending on license terms. The U.S. Department of Defense   (DoD) is currently introducing Open Source Software (OSS) development   models through its Open Technology Development (OTD) project (Herz et   al. 2006). OSS adoption is becoming popular for military purposes.   Indeed, the digital transformation of the U.S. military has generated a   strong need for new modes of software management. In this context, the   OTD project tends to set up an innovative model for software   acquisition, maintenance, updating, and renewing. Focusing on the   adoption of Military Open Source Software (MOSS) models by the U.S.   Department of Defense (DoD), this article suggests that the open nature   of OSS development platforms induces significant organizational changes   related to the acquisition, transformation and creation of a variety of   OSS core capabilities. Furthermore, we suggest that the U.S. military   organizations should perceive modularity in software architecture as a   means to establish effective modes of knowledge management and   innovation. Building on the distinction between architectural and   component knowledge, we find that modular source code structuring   facilitates the division, distribution and coordination of both   architectural knowledge and component knowledge within heterogeneous OSS   developers' communities.",NA
1542,Article,"Market Relations, Non-Market Relations and Free Software","Free Software is sometimes considered solely a technical option, but   that is a quite limited point of view: we suggest, indeed, that Free   Software is not merely a technical option, but it is, in fact a   different working paradigm for the software development community and a   different model for acquiring (and sharing) resources in the Information   Society. This paper will discuss this working paradigm and analyse the   market and non-market relations that are implied by it.",NA
1543,InProceedings,Market scope of vendors in the OSS software market,"This paper studies the market scope of vendors that produce software for   telecommunications operators, i.e. the Operations Support Systems (OSS)   market. The aim is to find out the strategies used by vendors in the OSS   market. The market scope is studied on two dimensions: 1) the breadth of   the scope in the OSS market; and 2) focus on the telecommunications   industry. The breadth of market scope is divided into four categories:   niche, vertical, layer and broad scope. We examine empirical vendor data   from the years 2002 and 2005. Results show that all hypothesized   strategies are present in the market. Most of the firms have either a   niche, a vertical or a broad market scope, and they are specialized in   telecommunications. The situation has not changed much from 2002 to   2005, but the number of vendors has decreased.",10.1109/IEEM.2007.4419561
1544,InProceedings,Metrics and Evolution in Open Source Software,"This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of an open source software system, JFreeChart, which is an open source charting library [1], based on its size, fan-in/out coupling, and cohesion metrics. We developed JamTool, a Java Automated Measurement Tool [4] to obtain the metrics and to observe the quality change along the evolution of the twenty-two released versions of JFreeChart. The empirical study clearly indicates that there are positive relations between the number of classes and the fan-in/out coupling, and the added class group has better software quality than the removed class group. Moreover, the experimental results follow Lehman's 1st, 2nd, 6th laws but against 7th law of software evolution.",NA
1546,InProceedings,Modeling the Effect of Size on Defect Proneness for Open-Source Software,"Software engineering is a decision intensive discipline. Do we really understand all the factors that can influence those decisions? Can we build models that reveal hidden patterns in software resource management, in development processes, or in software artifacts themselves? How well do these models predict? Can they be used without requiring domain expert intervention? Do the models lead to better decisions? How are we to validate these models? Is the model creation process repeatable? Are there better, faster, cheaper ways to build models? How effective are these models for identifying causal relations? The PROMISE workshop seeks to address these questions and others, and to deliver to the software engineering community useful, usable, verifiable models, and public datasets for building and evaluating new models. At present, the Promise repository contains more than 30 datasets.",10.1109/ICSECOMPANION.2007.54
1547,InProceedings,"Motivation, Social Identity and Ideology Conviction in OSS Communities:   The Mediating Role of Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment","Research has found salient individual and social motivating factors that   influence participants' involvement and contribution to OSS projects.   Yet, these factors were examined independently from each other and the   mechanisms of their impacts were unclear This paper is a first attempt   to have a better and complete understanding of the phenomenon. We is   theorize an integrated model on the effects of personal motivation,   social identity and ideology conviction on individuals' task performance   in and satisfaction with open source software projects. In particular,   we posit that these motivating factors are translated into performance   and satisfaction through effort intensity and goal commitment. Also, we   contend that task performance positively affects an individual's   satisfaction with a specific OSS project.",NA
1548,InProceedings,OSS factory: Development model based at OSS practices,"In this paper we present OSS Factory (Open Source Software Factory), an   ecosystem aligning software demands, undergraduation Computing students   qualification and Open Software practices in a collaborating relation,   dedicated to produce open software applications to cope with market   demands, using students codification potential. A contest among students   attending software engineering courses (or volunteers), guided by   professors and coordinated by a central entity is the force to move OSS   Factory. To validate the elements and interaction proposed, experiments   applying the structure described in the paper have been performed, and   positive results were achieved.",NA
1549,InProceedings,OSS: A Semantic Similarity Function based on Hierarchical Ontologies,Various approaches have been proposed to quantify the similarity between   concepts in an ontology. We present a novel approach that allows   similarities to be asymmetric while still using only information   contained in the structure of the ontology. We show through experiments   on the WordNet and GeneOntology that the new approach achieves better   accuracy than existing techniques.,NA
1551,Article,On the Prospects and Concerns of Integrating Open Source Software   Environment in Software Engineering Education,"Open Source Software (OSS) has introduced a new dimension in software   community. As the development and use of OSS becomes prominent, the   question of its integration in education arises. In this paper, the   following practices fundamental to projects and processes in software   engineering are examined from an OSS perspective: project management;   process, workflows, and collaborative activities; modeling and   specification; deployment of standards; documentation; and quality   assurance and evaluation. Based on a pragmatic framework, the prospects   of integrating OSS in a traditional software engineering curriculum are   outlined and concerns in realizing them are given. In doing so, the   cases of the adoption of OSS process model, use of OSS as a Computer   Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool, OSS as a standalone sub-system,   and open source code reuse are considered. We present some of the   trade-offs that could help educators in decision making towards the use   of the OSS environment in software engineering pedagogical contexts. The   significance of openly accessible content in general and its relation to   OSS in particular is briefly highlighted.",NA
1552,InProceedings,Open Source Software Adoption in ASEAN Member Countries,"This paper investigates the extent to which Open Source software is being adopted for web hosts within member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and provides a partial explanation. We explain how Open Source software adoption decisions are influenced by macro-level or environmental influences (e.g. government policy, Open Source community). We use proxies based on empirical data collection to provide insight into the degree of Open Source software adoption which has already occurred. Software tools were developed to analyze web host software on the public Internet within each ASEAN country's country-level domain. Other empirical indicators include Linux User Group (LUG) existence and activity. The study found that government Open Source policies do not appear to be a consistent factor among those ASEAN countries with the highest degree of Open Source software adoption. Other environmental factors appear to be more influential at this point in time.",10.1109/HICSS.2007.412
1553,InProceedings,Open Source Software in Health Care and Open Three Example,"The Open Source model has got a serious momentum over last few years and has proven its benefits also in complex (especially horizontal) applications. The time of Open Source in health care is yet to come though several successful stories has been marked already. There are some specifics of Open Source in health care that are investigated in the paper. On the basis of these specifics some recommendations are proposed to reach the interoperability and integration effect. A concrete example of O3 project is presented which is promoting Open Source adoption in e-health at regional, European and World-wide levels. This project aims to give a contribution to the development of e-health through the study of Healthcare Information Systems and the contemporary proposal of new concepts, designs and solutions for the management of health data in an integrated environment: hospitals, Regional Health Information Organizations and citizens (home-care, mobile-care and ambient assisted living).",10.1109/CBMS.2007.81
1554,Article,Open Source software in US higher education: Reality or illusion?,"As institutions of Higher Education try to balance limited resources   with the rising costs of technology, some institutions are turning to   Open Source software for campus-wide applications such as course   management systems and portals. The assumption is that Open Source will   provide the flexibility to build pedagogically sound learning   environments while increasing technology efficiencies. This paper   outlines the current state of Open Source software deployment in US   Higher Education based on a survey of 772 Chief Academic Officers and   Chief Information Officers conducted in 2006. The results indicate that   Carnegie classification is a critical differentiator of awareness,   adoption, and perceptions of Open Source software applications, with   perceived cost of ownership being the key driver of Open Source   adoption. Moreover, the study shows that institutions have made little   progress in the development of polices and procedures for Open Source   regulatory compliance and security. The study serves as a baseline for   future research into the conditions for successful use of Open Source   for supporting integrated learning environments that deliver campus-wide   efficiencies.",10.1007/s10639-007-9044-6
1556,InProceedings,Open source software adoption in Beaumont Hospital - Anatomy of success   and failure,"Current estimates suggest widespread adoption of open source software   (OSS) in organizations worldwide. However, the problematic nature of OSS   adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of   problems, unforeseen hold-ups, and outright abandonment of OSS   implementation over time. Beaumont Hospital, an Irish public sector   organization, have embarked on the adoption of a range of OSS   applications over several years, some of which have been successfully   deployed and remain in live use within the organisation, whereas others,   despite achieving high levels of assimilation over a number of years,   have not been ultimately retained in live use in the organization. Using   a longitudinal case study, we discuss in depth the deployment process   for two OSS applications - the desktop application suite whose   deployment was unsuccessful ultimately, and the email application which   was successfully deployed. To our knowledge, this is the first such   in-depth study into successful and unsuccessful OSS implementation.   Given that our study was a longitudinal one in a single organization, we   can control a number of potentially important influencing elements which   would not be possible if multiple organizations were involved. In   particular, the complex interaction of issues to do with voluntariness   of adoption, image, trialability and absorptive capacity were critical   influences in the process.",NA
1564,Article,Open source software and the self-governed community,"Open source software is a public good voluntarily provided by a   community of autonomous developers. His production model refers to new   developments in the economic theory of governance, We suggest that   social capital governs the benevolent community where monetary   incentives are absent. However, recent years have seen a rise of   corporate investments into open source projects. In this context of   hybridization, the self-governed community should be characterized by   developers' intrinsic motivation management.",10.3917/redp.173.0387
1565,Article,Open source software development {Just} another case of collective invention?,"Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? ""Collective invention"" regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1016/j.respol.2006.10.004
1569,Article,Open source software for multi-center image management: ImTK consortium,"The development of software through an open source approach has gained   popularity in the information technology (IT) community. In the   scientific community, open source software coupled with open   architecture is seen as an efficient method of promoting open science.   Furthermore US government agencies are promoting an open source approach   as they place software developed by investigators in the public domain   to foster research and expedite technology transfer to the commercial   sector. Open source, however, faces a number of challenges, especially   in the biomedical community. Recently, a workshop was organized to   review the role of open source in the area of healthcare informatics.   The IT capabilities in healthcare are maturing rapidly for many types of   patient care settings yet there is a significant gap in the ability to   share biomedical data in multi-center applications and research. A new   consortium (Image Management Toolkit consortium: IMTK) is being launched   to promote the development of software tools for information and image   exchanges in the multi-center environment using an open source/open   architecture approach.",NA
1572,Article,Open source software projects of the caBIG™ in vivo imaging workspace   software special interest group,"The Cancer Bioinformatics Grid (caBIG (TM)) program was created by the   National Cancer Institute to facilitate sharing of IT infrastructure,   data, and applications among the National Cancer Institute-sponsored   cancer research centers. The program was launched in February 2004 and   now links more than 50 cancer centers. In April 2005, the In Vivo   Imaging Workspace was added to promote the use of imaging in cancer   clinical trials. At the inaugural meeting, four special interest groups   (SIGs) were established. The Software SIG was charged with identifying   projects that focus on open-source software for image visualization and   analysis. To date, two projects have been defined by the Software SIG.   The eXtensible Imaging Platform project has produced a rapid application   development environment that researchers may use to create targeted   workflows customized for specific research projects. The Algorithm   Validation Tools project will provide a set of tools and data structures   that will be used to capture measurement information and associated   needed to allow a gold standard to be defined for the given database   against which change analysis algorithms can be tested. Through these   and future efforts, the caBIG (TM) In Vivo Imaging Workspace Software   SIG endeavors to advance imaging informatics and provide new open-source   software tools to advance cancer research.",10.1007/s10278-007-9061-4
1573,Article,"Open {Source} {Software}, {Competition} and {Innovation}","The entry and success of open source software (OSS), for example, Linux's entry into the operating systems market, has fundamentally changed industry structures in the software business. In this paper we explore the process of OSS innovation and highlight the impact of increased competition and different cost structures on innovative activity in the industry, which has been neglected in the literature thus far. In a simple model, we formalize the innovation impact of OSS entry by examining a change in market structure from monopoly to duopoly under the assumption that software producers compete in technology rather than price or quantities. The model takes into account development costs and total cost of ownership, whereby the latter captures items such as network externalities. The paper identifies a pro-innovative effect of both intra-OSS and extra-OSS competition. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1575,Article,Open {Source} {Software}: {All} {You} {Do} {Is} {Put} {It} {Together},"An infrastructure is proposed for rapidly prototyping applications from open source software components. The Adaptable Multi-Interface Communicator infrastructure (AMICO) is based on ideas of middleware platforms for component integration, but it focuses on pragmatic aspects of OSS integration, often absent from many existing integration platforms. The authors also identify the key requirements of middleware for rapid prototyping with OSS components and illustrate their approach through two examples in complex scenarios.",10.1109/MS.2007.141
1576,Article,Open {Source} {Software}: {Is} {It} {Worth} {Converting}?,"Open source software use is amassing a long list of benefits, among them higher software quality. Enterprises that are still discouraged by the task of converting existing software might find that modernization building blocks can make that task easier. Adapting or converting to OSS need not be overwhelming as this case study shows. There are many ways to use OSS in the enterprise, ranging from a few components to single applications, suites of related applications, and complete enterprise solutions.With such a diversity of applications, OSS use is even more attractive, yet it is not a trivial undertaking. The logistics of moving to OSS need not be daunting, however, if the organization considers the entire modernization plan, considers what various application types require, and does not undertake too much conversion at once.",10.1109/MITP.2007.72
1577,InProceedings,OpenBQR: a framework for the assessment of OSS,"People and organizations that are considering the adoption of OSS, or   that need to choose among different OS products face the problem of   evaluating OSS in a systematic, sound and complete way. While several   proposals concerning the evaluation of costs and benefits exist, little   attention has been given to the evaluation of technical qualities and,   in general, to the ``usage-oriented{''} issues. In this paper the   existing proposals are examined, the different types of qualities and   issues that are relevant to potential users are described, and a   coherent and innovative method for the evaluation of OSS is proposed.   The proposed method is expected to support the potential user in the   evaluation and choice of OSS in a flexible way, taking into account all   the aspects that are relevant to the user.",NA
1578,Article,OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic Simulations   of movement,"Dynamic simulations of movement allow one to study neuromuscular   coordination, analyze athletic performance, and estimate internal   loading of the musculoskeletal system. Simulations can also be used to   identify the sources of pathological movement and establish a scientific   basis for treatment planning. We have developed a freely available,   open-source software system (OpenSim) that lets users develop models of   musculoskeletal structures and create dynamic simulations of a wide   variety of movements. We are using this system to simulate the dynamics   of individuals with pathological gait and to explore the biomechanical   effects of treatments. OpenSim provides a platform on which the   biomechanics community can build a library of simulations that can be   exchanged, tested, analyzed, and improved through a multi-institutional   collaboration. Developing software that enables a concerted effort from   many investigators poses technical and sociological challenges. Meeting   those challenges will accelerate the discovery of principles that govern   movement control and improve treatments for individuals with movement   pathologies.",10.1109/TBME.2007.901024
1579,InProceedings,Out of Box Experience issues of Free and Open Source Software,"This study addresses the Out-Of-Box Experience (OOBE) usability issues   of Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) considering outcomes of   distributed development process and high number of available product   choices. A methodology is presented, usability experiments are conducted   and results are discussed. The objective was to determine key factors   that affect usability of F/OSS during OOBE and first hours of use. We   concluded that OOBE of F/OSS was significant in software usability   perception and possible adoption. User experience, visible structure,   consistency and functionality of the interface had significant impact on   OOBE and first hours of use. Neither online support, nor product box   appearance appeared as important.",NA
1580,InProceedings,Out of box experience issues of free and open source software,"This study addresses the Out-Of-Box Experience (OOBE) usability issues of Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) considering outcomes of distributed development process and high number of available product choices. A methodology is presented, usability experiments are conducted and results are discussed. The objective was to determine key factors that affect usability of F/OSS during OOBE and first hours of use. We concluded that OOBE of F/OSS was significant in software usability perception and possible adoption. User experience, visible structure, consistency and functionality of the interface had significant impact on OOBE and first hours of use. Neither online support, nor product box appearance appeared as important.",NA
1581,Article,PASSIM - an open source software system for managing information in   biomedical studies,"Background: One of the crucial aspects of day-to-day laboratory   information management is collection, storage and retrieval of   information about research subjects and biomedical samples. An efficient   link between sample data and experiment results is absolutely imperative   for a successful outcome of a biomedical study. Currently available   software solutions are largely limited to large-scale, expensive   commercial Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS). Acquiring   such LIMS indeed can bring laboratory information management to a higher   level, but often implies sufficient investment of time, effort and   funds, which are not always available. There is a clear need for   lightweight open source systems for patient and sample information   management.   Results: We present a web-based tool for submission, management and   retrieval of sample and research subject data. The system secures   confidentiality by separating anonymized sample information from   individuals' records. It is simple and generic, and can be customised   for various biomedical studies. Information can be both entered and   accessed using the same web interface. User groups and their privileges   can be defined. The system is open-source and is supplied with an   on-line tutorial and necessary documentation. It has proven to be   successful in a large international collaborative project.   Conclusion: The presented system closes the gap between the need and the   availability of lightweight software solutions for managing information   in biomedical studies involving human research subjects.",10.1186/1471-2105-8-52
1582,InProceedings,Patch Review Processes in Open Source Software Development Communities: A Comparative Case Study,"In spite of the overwhelming success of Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) like Apache and GNU/Linux, there is a limited understanding of the processes and methodologies that specify this form of software development. In this paper, we examine the process of patch reviews as a proxy for the extent of code-review in F/OSS projects. While existing descriptions of patch review processes are mostly narrative and based on individual experiences, we systematically analyze the email archives of five F/OSS projects to characterize this process. While doing so, we make a distinction between contributions (patches or review comments) by core members and casual contributors to grasp the role of core members in this process. Our results show that while the patch review processes are not exactly identical across various F/OSS projects, the core members across all projects play the vital role of gate-keepers to ensure a high level of review for submitted patches.",10.1109/HICSS.2007.426
1584,Article,Penguin in a new suit: a tale of how de novo entrants emerged to harness free and open source software communities,"A growing body of literature has explored the motivations for individuals to take part in free and open source software (FOSS), yet how firms participate is largely an unattended research area. Building on information from an extensive dataset of secondary sources and 30 in-depth interviews, I show that de novo  entrants have emerged in conjunction with a changing institutional infrastructure and a more pragmatic attitude toward firms that focus on technological benefits rather than ideology. To understand how these firms try to harness the work of these communities, I use the empirical data to derive a 2*2 matrix of different approaches. The X axis reflects whether or not the firms initiated a new community or relied on communities founded by peers, whereas the Y axis represents the degree of participation of the firm in the community. This taxonomy illustrates how de novo entrants are initiating new forms of communities or joining communities established by peers. This suggests that while many of the central pillars of FOSS remains, de novo entrants have emerged to find new ways of making business resulting in various implications for firm strategies and knowledge disclosure. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1093/icc/dtm026
1586,Article,Philosophy of the free software applied to the subject Educational   Technology: an experience in degree in Education,"Nowadays, ICT is directly linked to open source and its philosophy. This   philosophy is not obvious for the students of Pedagogy, some of them are   not even selfconfident using technology. However, these students are   going to be the catalysts of the change of paradigm necessary for the   integration of the ICT in schools because they are the first digital   generation in the Educational area. During this year (2006/07), we have   just worked on the understanding of how important is to create in groups   and to share the creations with the educational community. Thus, the   pre-task was to look for information about what open source is and to   explain it in a forum; then, the group attended a meeting about open   source where the policy of the Junta de Extremadura was expounded. This   is the framework given to set to the main tasks of the subject: the   development of two courses, a course for parents to help their children   using ICT and a course with educative proposals for schools. These two   courses will have their ISBN registry and they will be given to the   educative community using the Creative Commons licence.",NA
1587,InProceedings,RBF: a new storage structure for space-efficient queries for multidimensional metadata in OSS,NA,NA
1588,Article,"Reproducible research in computational economics: guidelines, integrated approaches, and open source software","Traditionally, computer and software applications have been used by economists to off-load otherwise complex or tedious tasks onto technology, freeing up time and intellect to address other, intellectually more rewarding, aspects of research. On the negative side, this increasing dependence on computers has resulted in research that has become increasingly difficult to replicate. In this paper, we propose some basic standards to improve the production and reporting of computational results in economics for the purpose of accuracy and reproducibility. In particular, we make recommendations on four aspects of the process: computational practice, published reporting, supporting documentation, and visualization. Also, we reflect on current developments in the practice of computing and visualization, such as integrated dynamic electronic documents, distributed computing systems, open source software, and their potential usefulness in making computational and empirical research in economics more easily reproducible. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s10614-007-9084-4
1589,InProceedings,Requirements management system for KT-OSS maintenance,"This paper describes a requirements management system for the   development and maintenance of the KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations   Support System). In this paper, we create a simple yet appropriate   requirements management system for the KT-OSS after analyzing the   existing requirements handling process in the KT-OSS development, which   is manually managed through documents. This is implemented through a   web-based system that can be used by users anytime and anywhere to   ensure the successful requirements management of the KT-OSS. This system   provides us with functions that enable us to handle many of the   requirements systematically and effectively. Through this system, we can   clarify and ensure the accuracy of the ambiguous requirements for the   KT-OSS and easily check their processing status.",NA
1590,Article,Retiring the {Network} {Spokesman}: {The} {Poly}-{Vocality} of {Free} {Software} {Networks} in {Peru},"National legislation to mandate the use or consideration of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) in government institutions is increasingly emerging as a strategy for FLOSS advocates in Latin America and the broader developing world. Such movements for the political use and regulation of FLOSS mark a distinct turn in the objectives and work of FLOSS advocates, whose activities largely focused on the dissemination of FLOSS as a technological artifact. This paper investigates the network of diverse actors involved in promoting FLOSS legislation in Peru, one of the first nations where a movement for FLOSS legislation emerged. It emphasizes that crucial to the work of FLOSS' network actors is not their merely technological productivity, but their cultural and political productivity - that is, their ability to produce diverse body of meaning made both evident and mobile in narratives of FLOSS use and adoption. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1591,Article,Review: {Niels} {C}. {Taubert} (2006). {Produktive} {Anarchie}? {Netzwerke} freier {Softwareentwicklung} [{Productive} {Anarchy}? {Networks} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}],"Open source software is software designed to allow anyone to use and make changes in the software. This practice often renders the product superior to more centralized models such as those used in commercial software companies. How is such a phenomenon possible in a time where nothing seems to be acquirable save by purchase? Niels C. TAUBERT's book Productive Anarchy? Networks of Open Source Software Development aims at a sociological understanding of the prerequisites and conditions for the success of open source software. One of the conclusions of TAUBERT's book is that the process of open software development needs to be understood as adaptive and experimental. A continuous feedback between the context of production and the context of application is the basis for robust and successful software production. One of the surprising results of the book is that the most important requirement for this feedback process is a set of norms--neutrality, communism, disinterestedness, and universalism--norms that Robert MERTON associated with academic science in the 1940s. If TAUBERT is right that these norms are to be found outside the world of institutional science in open source software development projects today, then his case study can be seen as an indicator for a new form of knowledge production in the 21st century, where the social relevance and responsibility of a research process are keys to successful innovation. With this book, which deserves a wide readership, TAUBERT makes an important contribution to our understanding of the successful organization of technology development.              URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0701109",NA
1593,Article,Review: {Niels} {C}. {Taubert} [2006]. {Productive} {Anarchy}? {Networks} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development},"Open source software is software designed to allow anyone to use and make changes in the software. This practice often renders the product superior to more centralized models such as those used in commercial software companies. How is such a phenomenon possible in a time where nothing seems to be acquirable save by purchase? Niels C. TAUBERT's book Productive Anarchy? Networks of Open Source Software Development aims at a sociological understanding of the prerequisites and conditions for the success of open source software. One of the conclusions of TAUBERT's book is that the process of open software development needs to be understood as adaptive and experimental. A continuous feedback between the context of production and the context of application is the basis for robust and successful software production. One of the surprising results of the book is that the most important requirement for this feedback process is a set of norms-neutrality, communism, disinterestedness, and universalism-norms that Robert MERTON associated with academic science in the 1940s. If TAUBERT is right that these norms are to be found outside the world of institutional science in open source software development projects today, then his case study can be seen as an indicator for a new form of knowledge production in the 21st century, where the social relevance and responsibility of a research process are keys to successful innovation. With this book, which deserves a wide readership, TAUBERT makes an important contribution to our understanding of the successful organization of technology development. References. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1595,InProceedings,Sampling in Open Source Software Development: The Case for Using the Debian GNU/Linux Distribution,"Research on open source software (OSS) projects often focuses on the SourceForge collaboration platform. We argue that a GNU/Linwr distribution, such as Debian, is better suited for the sampling ofprojects because it avoids biases and contains unique information only available in an integrated environment. Especially research on the reuse of components can build on dependency information inherent in the Debian GNU/Linux packaging system. This paper therefore contributes to the practice of sampling methods in OSS research and provides empirical data on reuse dependencies in Debian.",10.1109/HICSS.2007.471
1596,Article,Self-organization of teams for free/libre open source software   development,"This paper provides empirical evidence about how free/libre open source   software development teams self-organize their work, specifically, how   tasks are assigned to project team members. Following a case study   methodology, we examined developer interaction data from three active   and successful FLOSS projects using qualitative research methods,   specifically inductive content analysis, to identify the task-assignment   mechanisms used by the participants. We found that `self-assignment' was   the most common mechanism across three FLOSS projects. This mechanism is   consistent with expectations for distributed and largely volunteer   teams. We conclude by discussing whether these emergent practices can be   usefully transferred to mainstream practice and indicating directions   for future research. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2007.02.004
1600,Article,Social network structures in open source software development teams,"Drawing on social network theories and previous studies, this research   examines the dynamics of social network structures in open source   software (OSS) teams. Three projects were selected from SourceForge.net   in terms of their similarities as well as their differences. Monthly   data were extracted from the bug tracking systems in order to achieve a   longitudinal view of the interaction pattern of each project. Social   network analysis was used to generate the indices of social structure.   The finding suggests that the interaction pattern of OSS projects   evolves from a single hub at the beginning to a corel periphery model as   the projects move forward.",10.4018/jdm.2007040102
1602,Article,Socio-technical deliberation about free and open source software::   Accounting for the status of artifacts in public life,"This essay investigates the rhetorical practices of socio-technical   deliberation about free and open source (FIOS) software, providing   support for the idea that a public sphere is a socio-technical ensemble   that is discursive and fluid, yet tangible and organized because it is   enacted by both humans and non-humans. In keeping with the empirical   shift manifest in recent public sphere scholarship and Bruno Latour's   idea that socio-technical deliberation is characterized by the   inscription of non-humans, I describe the rhetorical manners in which   volunteer citizens define and mobilize a mundane artifact-a web site- in   a deliberation over the value of FIOS technologies for their   government-funded project. Through inscription of the web site as a   rhetorical resource and as the embodiment of their disposition toward   computer technologies, the volunteers formed and expressed competing   understandings of the role of FIOS technologies in sustaining a public   sphere. I argue that these competing views are consequential, for they   link technical artifacts and political agents in practice, by way of   aspirations, obligations, and forms of authority. Furthermore, by   claiming a form of agency for technologies in the public sphere, the   proponents of F10S technologies are inviting scholars of the public   sphere to question the status assigned to technical artifacts in their   investigations and theories of the public sphere.",10.1080/00335630701426751
1604,InProceedings,Software development for governmental use utilizing free and open source software,"The Icelandic government is about to release its policy on free and open source software. Many governments around the world have either already released a similar policy or have one planned. The policy of the Icelandic government deals with both the use and the development of free and open source software.This paper takes a close look at the free and open source software policies, particularly the Icelandic one, from a software development perspective. The goal is to show how governments can utilize free and open source software when customized software is required. The paper also touches upon licensing issues for free and open source software by discussing the European Union Public License.Governmental project management and services of small software companies and the free and open source community are the focal points of the research. The basis of the research is the i2010 policy framework of the European Commission. The paper concludes by proposing a suitable methodology to use for governmental software development and recommending tools that foster both development and management, with emphasis on the latter.",10.1145/1328057.1328087
1605,InProceedings,Software reliability assessment and optimal version-upgrade problem for   open source software,"Network technologies have made rapid progress with the dissemination of   computer systems in all areas. The current software development   environment has been changing into new development paradigms such as   concurrent distributed development environment and the so-called open   source project by using network computing technologies. Especially, OSS   (Open Source Software) systems which serve as key components of critical   infrastructures in the society are still ever-expanding now.   We focus on OSS developed under open source project. In case of   considering the effect of the debugging process on an entire system in   the development of a method of reliability assessment for open source   project, it is necessary to grasp the deeply-intertwined factors, such   as programming path, size of each component, skill of fault reporter,   and so on. In order to consider the effect of each software component on   the reliability of an entire system under such open source software   development, we propose a new approach to software reliability   assessment by creating a fusion of neural networks and a software   reliability growth model. Also, it has been necessary to manage the   software development process in terms of reliability, effort, and   version-upgrade time. In this paper, we find the optimal total   version-upgrade time based on the total expected software maintenance   effort.",NA
1606,InProceedings,Software reliability assessment and version-upgrade problem for open   source software,"Network technologies lime made rapid progress with the dissemination of   computer systems in all areas. The current software development   environment has been changing into new development paradigms such as   concurrent distributed development environment and so-called open source   project by using network computing technologies. Especially, OSS(Open   Source Software) systems which serve as key components of critical   infrastructures in the society are still ever-expanding now.   We focus oil OSS systems developed under open source project. In this   paper, we propose the optimal total version-upgrade time based oil the   total expected software maintenance effort.",NA
1607,InProceedings,Software reliability growth model based on stochastic differential   equations for open source software,"All over the world people can gain the information at the same time by   growing rate of Internet access around the world in recent years. In   accordance with such a penetration of the Internet, it is increasing   public awareness of the importance of online real-time and interactive   functions. Therefore, software development environment has been changing   into new development paradigms such as concurrent distributed   development environment and the so-called open source project by using   network computing technologies. Especially, such OSS (Open Source   Software) systems which serve as key components of critical   infrastructures in our society are still ever-expanding now. In this   paper, we propose a software reliability growth model based on   stochastic differential equations in order to consider the active state   of the open source project. Especially, we assume that the software   failure intensity depends on the time, and the software fault-report   phenomena on the bug tracking system keep an irregular state. Also, we   analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for the OSS. Moreover, we compare our   model with the conventional model based on stochastic differential   equations in terms of goodness-of-fit for actual data. We show that the   proposed model can assist improvement of quality for OSS systems   developed under the open source project.",NA
1608,Article,State-of-the-art performance in text-independent speaker verification   through open-source software,"This paper illustrates an evolution in state-of-the-art speaker   verification by highlighting the contribution from newly developed   techniques. Starting from a baseline system based on Gaussian mixture   models that reached state-of-the-art performances during the NIST'04   SRE, final systems with new intersession compensation techniques show a   relative gain of around 50\\%. This work highlights that a key element in   recent improvements is still the classical maximum a posteriori (MAP)   adaptation, while the latest compensation methods have a crucial impact   on overall performances. Nuisance attribute projection (NAP) and factor   analysis (FA) are examined and shown to provide significant   improvements. For FA, a new symmetrical scoring (SFA) approach is   proposed. We also show further improvement with an original combination   between a support vector machine and SFA. This work is undertaken   through the open-source ALIZE toolkit.",10.1109/TASL.2007.902877
1609,InCollection,THE THREAT OF EVOLUTION: <i>THE MILL ON THE FLOSS</i> AND <i>THE DAISY   CHAIN</i>,NA,NA
1610,InProceedings,Taking Research to FLOSS-Curious Engineers and Managers,"In 2006 I undertook to take what I'd learnt from the research on Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) both to ""the community' and to those interested in joining ""the community'. I prepared and presented two 3.5 hour tutorials at FLOSS conferences: LinuxAsia in Delhi and O'Reilly's Open Source Conference (OSCON) in Portland. This paper describes these experiences. I first summarize the tutorials, pointing out which research was used and what the interests of the participants were and where more research can bridge the gaps. I then describe an ongoing interaction with a software engineering manager at Microsoft who attended the tutorial and is in the interesting position of taking a Microsoft work group open. Finally I reflect on this experience for lessons about ""transferable research'.",10.1109/FLOSS.2007.13
1612,Article,The Need for Open Source Software in Machine Learning,"Open source tools have recently reached a level of maturity which makes them suitable for building large-scale real-world systems. At the same time, the field of machine learning has developed a large body of powerful learning algorithms for diverse applications. However, the true potential of these methods is not used, since existing implementations are not openly shared, resulting in software with low usability, and weak interoperability. We argue that this situation can be significantly improved by increasing incentives for researchers to publish their software under an open source model. Additionally, we outline the problems authors are faced with when trying to publish algorithmic implementations of machine learning methods. We believe that a resource of peer reviewed software accompanied by short articles would be highly valuable to both the machine learning and the general scientific community.",NA
1613,Article,The commercialisation of bioinformatics and the threat of open-source software: {Research} and {Regulation},"This study investigates the commercialisation process of a select group of bioinformatics companies and the impact of open-source software. Using the research-development-application translation model provides a framework for managers as an iterative mechanism. A Value Creation Pipeline is then introduced with five phases of the commercialisation process that provide specific financial benchmarks that can guide the firm through to successful commercialisation. Using trend and financial ratio analyses relative to returns, profitability and liquidity, the study finds that the surge in open-source licenses between 2003 and 2005 limited the sales for some firms. As for the claim that open-source software negatively impacts the success of bioinformatics commercialisation, there was little evidence to suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Losses in returns, profitability and liquidity were just as common before the rise of open source as after its emergence. When firms report an overall record over a nine-year period of poor return on investment, assets and equity, there is little to attract potential investors. The lesson that can be drawn is that the innovation process and financial tracking must be integrated to ensure efficient and profitable use of investor funds. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3050051
1614,InProceedings,"The cost effective, efficient integrated-view solution: Identification   \\& personalization for OSS created contents","KTF(KT Freetel) is the mobile service provider in Korea. We have   providing the various services based on 2G/IXEvDo/WCDMA- In order to   support the network-related operation activities, there are so many   operation and management services in our site. The Network\\& Service   Planning, Network Inventory Management, Network Monitoring \\& Control,   Network Work Force Management, QoS-Based Customer Claim Management and   so on. As the network is extended and services are more various, the OSS   requirements of the operators are much more complex.   Therefore, the complexity of OSS is high and the R\\&R (Role \\&   Responsibility) of each OSS is not clear. I will introduce the   cost-effective and efficient solution of OSS operation by applying the   identification \\& personalization for OSS created contents.   First of all we defined obviously the R\\&R. of each OSS on our site, did   re-engineering OSS functions. We also defined the major service contents   for each OSS, developed the solution which provides that the operators   can customize and personalize their OSS Created Contents (OCC) through   the integrated view according to their business roles and business   processes. This solution can improve the operator convenience and reduce   the unnecessary data linkage and maintenance cost.",10.1109/INM.2007.374817
1615,Article,The economic motivation of open source software: Stakeholder   perspectives,"Open source software has changed the rules of the game, significantly   impacting the economic behavior of stakeholders in the software   ecosystem. In this new environment, developers strive to be committers,   vendors feel pressure to produce open source products, and system   integrators anticipate boosting profits.",10.1109/MC.2007.147
1616,InProceedings,The economics of Open Source software: An empirical analysis of   maintenance costs,"A quality degradation effect of proprietary code has been observed as a   consequence of maintenance. This quality degradation effect, called   entropy, is a cause for higher maintenance costs. In the Open Source   context, the quality of code is a fundamental tenet of open software   developers. As a consequence, the quality degradation principle measured   by entropy cannot be assumed to be valid.   The goal of the paper is to analyze the entropy of Open Source   applications by measuring the evolution of maintenance costs over time.   Analyses are based on cost data collected from a sample of 1251 Open   Source application versions, compared with the costs estimated with a   traditional model for proprietary software. Findings indicate that Open   Source applications are less subject to entropy, have lower maintenance   costs and also a lower need for maintenance interventions aimed at   restoring quality. Finally, results show that a lower entropy is favored   by greater functional simplicity.",NA
1617,Article,"The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic,   multidimensional, or configurational?","This paper presents the results of a qualitative review and synthesis of   the literature on open source governance, addressing four key questions:   (1) How has open source software (OSS) governance been defined? (2) Has   the phenomenon of OSS governance been conceptualized as a monolithic or   multidimensional phenomenon? (3) What purposes is OSS governance   hypothesized to serve? and (4) What are the dimensions of OSS   governance, and how are these dimensions related to each other? The   results of the review suggest a framework for future comparative and   case study research on OSS governance, and they provide a basis for   comparison with research on the governance of other distributed,   community-based forms of content and creation.",10.1007/s10997-007-9021-x
1619,Article,The impact of participation in virtual brand communities on consumer   trust and loyalty -: The case of free software,"Purpose - The importance of virtual brand communities is growing day by   day as a result of consumers increasingly using online tools to contact   fellow consumers in order to get information on which to base their   decisions. For this reason, this work aims to explore some of the   effects of participation in a virtual brand community on consumer   behaviour.   Design/methodology/approach - The paper proposes the positive effects of   participation in a virtual community on both consumer trust and loyalty   to the product, brand or organisation around which the community is   developed. In addition, it also proposes a positive effect of trust on   consumer loyalty. After the validations of measurement scales, the   hypotheses are contrasted through structural modelling.   Findings - The data, obtained through a web survey using members of   several free software virtual communities, show that participation in   the activities carried out in a virtual community may foster consumer   trust and loyalty to the mutual interest of the community (the free   software in this case). In addition, the study also found a positive and   significant effect of consumer trust on loyalty.   Research limitations/implications - Data were collected thanks to a web   survey using Spanish-speaking subjects.   Practical implications - The high costs every company has to face in   order to get new customers make it increasingly necessary to reinforce   the ties established with customers. In this respect, this study has   shown that managers may foster consumer trust and loyalty by developing   virtual brand communities and promoting consumers' participation in   them.   Originality/value - Most of the works that are focused on virtual   communities have been conducted at the conceptual level. Thus, with the   aim of moving on this topic, this study analyses empirically the effects   of participation in a virtual brand community on consumer behaviour.",10.1108/14684520710841766
1622,Article,The politics of translation of the revised version: Evidence from the   newly discovered notebooks of Brooke Foss Westcott,"The English Revision of the Authorized Version of the Bible was   initiated in 1870 and drew upon the finest scholarship of established   and non-conformist clergymen. It ushered in one of the most contentious,   politicized debates in the history of Bible translation, even as it   finally broke the hold of the King James Version. The conflict over the   revision has been known only through published sources. A seal has   remained over the dynamics between the two dozen members of the   committee responsible for the revision of the New Testament. The   official minute book yields nothing of the textual, grammatical, and   translational debates nor of the voting patterns governing decisions.   This gap can now be overcome with the discovery of two of the twenty-one   notebooks kept by Brooke Foss Westcott, one of the members of the   committee. His detailed account of each members' arguments over almost   every verse of Matthew's Gospel provides an invaluable insight into the   variety and alignments of English biblical scholarship in the nineteenth   century.",10.1093/jts/flm001
1623,InProceedings,The role of trust in OSS communities - Case Linux Kernel community,"Open source software development has been the subject of interest among   businesses as well as in the academic world. OSS enables many   possibilities for companies but also sets new kinds of challenges.   Because of the characteristics of the OSS phenomenon we propose that   trust in OSS communities plays a key role in facilitating their success.   Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the factors that affect   trust in OSS communities. The data is gathered by a survey aimed to   Linux Kernel developers. Among other results it may be concluded that   the most important factors affecting trust seem to be other developers'   skills, reputation as well as the formal and informal practices.",NA
1625,InProceedings,The use of open source software in enterprise distributed computing   environments - A decision-making framework for OSS selection and   planning,"Firms increasingly rely on open source software for solving business   problems and building mission-critical IT solutions. However, there are   numerous issues associated with OSS, including its influence on the   total cost of ownership (TCO) and supportability and upgradeability   risks. While savings from obtaining a free copy of the software can be   significant, software accounts for an average of 10\\% of TCO, while the   majority of the costs are associated with project staffing. OSS requires   significant investment into staffing because it needs to be carefully   selected, customized, and installed. In addition, global communities may   gather and dissolve at their will, so guarantees of support, revision,   and bug fixes are minimal. Yet companies can gain competitive advantage   through an ability to customize software to address specific business   issues and exercising control over development, revision schedules, and   modifications. OSS is not a panacea from the rising software costs.   Instead, it is a serious initiative that has benefits, disadvantages,   and risks associated with it.",10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7\\_28
1626,Article,"The {Functioning} of a {Free} {Software} {Community}: {Entanglement} of {Three} {Regulation} {Modes}-{Control}, {Autonomous} and {Distributed}","The ability to build solid and coherent software from spontaneous, sudden and evanescent involvement is viewed as an enigma by sociologists and economists. The internal heterogeneity of project contributors questions the functioning of collective action: how can commitments that are so dissimilar be put together? Our objective is to consider FLOSS communities as going concerns which necessitate a minimum of order and common, shared, social rules to function. Through an in-depth and diachronic analysis of the Spip project, we present two classical modes of social regulation: a control regulation centred on the product and an autonomous regulation reflecting the differentiated commitments. Our data shows that the meaning, value and legitimacy of contributors' involvements are defined and rated more collectively, through exchanges, judgments, and evaluations. A third regulation mode, called distributed community regulation and aimed at creating and transforming shared rules that produces recognition and stratification, is then presented. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1627,Article,"Towards an {Understanding} of {FLOSS}: {Infrastructures}, {Materiality} and the {Digital} {Business} {Ecosystem}","In this paper we present empirical work detailing the engagement practices of a large FLOSS project, the Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE). In common with many other FLOSS projects, the DBE project focused on the development of infrastructural software components. Infrastructures and FLOSS software exhibit multiplicity: as objects they both change and stay the same. Whilst the implications of multiplicity with respect to infrastructure have been well-documented, with respect to FLOSS, they remain under-explored. Through examining how the DBE engaged new participants we were able to explore the nature of the FLOSS software object by asking the implied question: engagement with what? We draw on recent analysis by Law and Singleton to show how the innovative yet non-existent potentiality of the DBE was as significant to engagement as its steadily growing codebase. We argue that acknowledging the materiality and immateriality of the FLOSS software object has important consequences for management of, and engagement with, FLOSS projects. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1628,Article,Towards e-learning from free software. Moodle like a Learning Managament   System (LMS) within reach of all,Organizations opting for different Learning Management Systems (LMS) as   tools for the development of formative actions through the Net are   currently countless. The present paper has as its main objective to   carry out an approach to free software and the different available LMS   and -specially- the specific case of Moodle.,10.3916/C28-2007-20
1629,InProceedings,Trustworthiness of collaborative Open Source Software Quality Assessment,"Open Source Software (OSS) projects have the unique opportunity to reach   an unprecedented level of software quality by tapping into its community   and collaborative power. However, the community process of collaborative   software Quality Assessment (QA) may not reach its full potential or   worse be easily jeopardised by malevolent entities because there is a   lack of protection mechanisms, easy-to-use enabling mechanisms and clear   incentives. We propose such mechanisms as part of a decentralised   collaborative test and QA framework centred on the OSS actors.",10.1109/SECCOM.2007.4550301
1630,Article,Universities promotion of free software use,"More and more often, public and private universities promote the use of   free software in the university community and in the society in general.   Universities, as a fundamental key of a modern society, should encourage   the socialization of the knowledge, permitting higher access by means of   the Internet and, simultaneously, respecting authors' rights. This paper   analyzes the characteristics of free software and the legal framework   that regulates its use at the universities; after that, the work focuses   on the experiences of some Catalan universities promoting and using it.",NA
1631,InProceedings,Usability and free/libre/open source software SIG: HCI expertise and design rationale,"The usability of Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) is a new challenge for HCI professionals. Although HCI professionals are working on usability issues in FLOSS, the CHI community has not yet organized with respect to FLOSS. The purpose of this SIG is to bring together HCI professionals and researchers to discuss current issues in FLOSS. Specifically, this SIG looks at usability, the role of HCI expertise, and design rationale in FLOSS projects.",10.1145/1240866.1240957
1632,InProceedings,Using Software Distributions to Understand the Relationship among Free and Open Source Software Projects,"Success in the open source software world has been measured in terms of metrics such as number of downloads, number of commits, number of lines of code, number of participants, etc. These metrics tend to discriminate towards applications that are small and tend to evolve slowly. A problem is, however, how to identify applications in these latter categories that are important. Software distributions specify the dependencies needed to build and to run a given software application. We use this information to create a dependency graph of the applications contained in such a distribution. We explore the characteristics of this graph, and use it to define some metrics to quantify the dependencies (and dependents) of a given software application. We demonstrate that some applications that are invisible to the final user (such as libraries) are widely used by end-user applications. This graph can be used as a proxy to measure success of small, slowly evolving free and open source software.",10.1109/MSR.2007.32
1634,InProceedings,Using repository of repositories (RoRs) to study the growth of F/OSS   projects: A meta-analysis research approach,"Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) repositories contain valuable data and   their usefulness in studying software development and community   activities continues to attract a lot of research attention. A trend in   F/OSS studies is the use of rnetadata stored in a repository of   repositories or RoRs. This paper utilizes data obtained from such RoRs   -FLOSSmole- to study the types of projects being developed by the F/OSS   community. We downloaded projects by topics data in five areas   (Database, Internet, Software Development, Communications, and   Games/Entertainment) from Flossmole's raw and summary data of the   sourceforge repository. Time series analysis show the numbers of   projects in the five topics are growing linearly. Further analysis   supports our hypothesis that F/OSS development is moving ``up the   stack{''} from developer tools and infrastructure support to end-user   applications such as Databases. The findings have implications for the   interpretation of the F/OSS landscape, the utilization and adoption of   open source databases, and problems researchers might face in obtaining   and rising data from RoRs.",NA
1637,InProceedings,Visualizing social interaction in open source software projects,"Open source software projects such as Apache and Mozilla present an   opportunity for information visualization. Since these projects   typically require collaboration between developers located far apart,   the amount of electronic communication between them is large. Our goal   is to apply information visualization techniques to assist software   engineering scientists and project managers with analyzing the data.   We present a visualization technique that provides an intuitive,   time-series, interactive summary view of the the social groups that   form, evolve and vanish during the entire lifetime of the project. This   visualization helps software engineering researchers understand the   organization, structure, and evolution of the communication and   collaboration activities of a large, complex software project.",NA
1638,Article,WAITING FOR USABLE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE? DON'T HOLD YOUR BREATH!,"There is a general consensus about the lack of usability in most open   source software (OSS). Academics and practitioners have offered several   suggestions to improve the usability of such software. However, a   realistic assessment of OSS projects, specifically the motivations of   OSS developers and their attitude toward software usability, lack of   user feedback, and absence of usability experts in OSS projects, leads   to the conclusion that strategies to improve OSS usability are unlikely   to succeed anytime soon. The only exceptions will be OSS which enjoy   sufficient financial support from individuals and organizations, and   software that were developed by commercial software producers and later   released under an open source license.",10.17705/1CAIS.02025
1640,InProceedings,Web browser accessibility using open source software,"A Web browser provides a uniform user interface to different types of information. Making this interface universally accessible and more interactive is a long term goal still far from being achieved. Universally accessible browsers require novel interaction modalities and additional functionalities, for which existing browsers tend to provide only partial solutions. Although functionality for Web accessibility can be found as open source and free software components, their reuse and integration is complex because they were developed in diverse implementation environments, following standards and conventions incompatible with the Web.To enable the integration of existing partial solutions within a mainstream Web browser environment, we have developed a middleware infrastructure, AMICO:WEB. This enables browser access to a wide variety of open source and free software components. The main contribution of AMICO:WEB is in enabling the syntactic interoperability between Web extension mechanisms and a variety of integration mechanisms used by open source and free software components. It also bridges the semantic differences between the high-level world of Web XML-based APIs and the low-level APIs of the device-oriented world.We discuss the design decisions made during the development of AMICO:WEB in the context of Web accessibility, using two typical usage scenarios: one describing a disabled user using a mainstream Web browser with additional interaction modalities; another describing a non-disabled user browsing in a suboptimal interaction situation.",10.1145/1243441.1243451
1641,InProceedings,What Can OSS Mailing Lists Tell Us? A Preliminary Psychometric Text Analysis of the Apache Developer Mailing List,"Developer mailing lists are a rich source of information about Open Source Software (OSS) development. The unstructured nature of email makes extracting information difficult. We use a psychometrically-based linguistic analysis tool, the LIWC, to examine the Apache httpd server developer mailing list. We conduct three preliminary experiments to assess the appropriateness of this tool for information extraction from mailing lists. First, using LIWC dimensions that are correlated with the big five personality traits, we assess the personality of four top developers against a baseline for the entire mailing list. The two developers that were responsible for the major Apache releases had similar personalities. Their personalities were different from the baseline and the other developers. Second, the first and last 50 emails for two top developers who have left the project are examined. The analysis shows promise in understanding why developers join and leave a project. Third, we examine word usage on the mailing list for two major Apache releases. The differences may reflect the relative success of each release.",10.1109/MSR.2007.35
1644,Article,{UM} {MODELO} {COMPETITIVO} {BASEADO} {EM} {FERRAMENTAS} {SOFTWARE} {LIVRE} {PARA} {A} {GESTÃO} {TECNOLÓGICA} {DE} {ORGANIZAÇÕES} - {A} {PROMOÇÃO} {DO} {CONHECIMENTO} {CORPORATIVO} {E} {DA} {INOVAÇÃO} {TECNOLÓGICA} {EM} {UMA} {GRADUAÇÃO} {TECNOLÓGICA}/{A} {COMPETITIVE} {MODEL} {BASED} {UPON} {FREE} {SOFTWARE} {TOOLS} {FOR} {THE} {TECHNOLOGICAL} {MANAGEMENT} {OF} {ORGANIZATIONS} - {THE} {PROMOTION} {OF} {THE} {CORPORATIVE} {KNOWLEDGE} {AND} {THE} {TECHNOLOGICAL} {INNOVATION} {IN} {A} {TECHNOLOGICAL} {UNDERGRADUATE} {COURSE},"This article presents the thematic of the technological management, where the research is focused on the choice of the best technological free software tools for the promotion of the knowledge management. This article evidences the hypothesis that it is possible to adopt the knowledge management with the union and customization of the free software tools. In such a way, any organization can act in the technological management and apply the politics of knowledge management, either to a micro-company or a great corporation. A case study is presented in a technological undergraduate course of a Federal Center of Technological Education. The study case presents the research and the development of an innovative model of management for the course. Finally, the authors defend that this model can be applied to other organizations based upon a series of results and conclusions. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1645,InProceedings,1st Workshop on Maintenance and Evolution of FLOSS (MEFLOSS),NA,10.1109/ICSM.2008.4658091
1646,Article,A COMPONENT-ORIENTED RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE,"Software development environment has been changing into new development   paradigms such as concurrent distributed development environment and the   so-called open source project by using network computing technologies.   Especially, an OSS (open source software) system which serves as key   components of critical infrastructures in the society is still   ever-expanding now. In case of considering the effect of the debugging   process on an entire system in the development of a method of   reliability assessment for the OSS, it is necessary to grasp the   deeply-intertwined factors, such as programming path, size of each   component, skill of fault reporter, and so on. In order to consider the   effect of each software component on the reliability of an entire   system, we propose a new approach to user-oriented software reliability   assessment by creating a fusion of neural network and software   reliability growth modeling. In this paper, we show application examples   of component-oriented software reliability assessment based on neural   network and software reliability growth modeling for the OSS. Also, we   analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for the OSS. Moreover, we develop the   testing management tool for OSS.",10.1142/S0218539308002915
1647,InProceedings,A Case Study of Open Source Software Development in Proteomic Area: The   LIMS ePims,"The objective of this paper is to provide an illustrative feedback on   development of Open Source software among several partners. We describe   the first stage of the design of a specific software package, namely a   customized Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for biology   applications. This software package is structured in several modules   which are reusable and can be customized for other applications. In this   paper, we address the problem of multi-licensing for the same software   tools due to the participation of several partners, the reuse of code   source, and the subsequent distribution of this produced software.",10.1109/SITIS.2008.83
1649,InProceedings,A Comparative Study of Business Process Management Tools based on Open   Source Software and a Commercial Reference,"This paper examines Business Process Management tools with a multiple   attributive assessment framework based on the utility ranking and AHP   method. It supplies a comprehensive list of eligible criteria for the   assessment and provides a comparative analysis in terms of their   features and development focus in relation to a commercial market leader   (ARTS). Considering the age of the assessed OSS projects, their   functionality for BPM is already impressive. The user innovations   surfaced from the OSS tool analysis show that tools concentrate on model   driven business process architectures. In the OSS world, the process and   workflow models are seen as unified models. In the commercial world,   workflow models are often referred to as an abstraction of the business   process models concentrating on steps that can be automated. This work   further supports the view at our research institution that OSS tools can   already be used effectively in the class room in conjunction or even as   alternative to commercial ones.",NA
1650,InProceedings,A Proposal of an Installation Manual Generation Method for Open Source   Software Using Operation Logs,"An Open Source Software (OSS) is the software whose source code has been   public, usually through the Internet, so that everybody can use and   modify it freely. A lot of companies, governments, and universities are   now using OSS technologies because of the advantages they bring. However   the use of an OSS is actually hard for its beginners, because many OSSes   have few good manuals, where they have usually been developed by   volunteers. Besides, the installation of an OSS package sometimes   requires installations of multiple OSS packages to be integrated   together In this paper we propose a method of automatically generating   an installation manual of an OSS package, including the one requiring   the integration of multiple OSS packages. Then, we implement the   proposed method for evaluations. Our experimental results in   installations of OSS packages including the one requiring the   integration of four packages by generated manuals verify the   effectiveness of our method.",10.1109/SITIS.2008.62
1652,InProceedings,A Roadmap to Proliferate Open Source Software Usage within SA Government Servers,"Open Source software (OSS) is increasingly being recognized by the government sector around the world as a viable choice to proprietary software, particularly in a number of areas of information technology (IT) such as on the network servers. In the OSS domain, it is perceived that OSS has the potential to deliver better value for money, high quality software, secure, flexible, stable and reliable network applications. The South African (SA) government acknowledges that OSS is a viable alternative to proprietary software especially on the servers. According to the data collected (survey) from various SA government departments and agencies, indications are that OSS is not fully implemented on the network servers, although the global trends indicate high usage of OSS within the network environment. The main aim of this paper is to propose a roadmap that can be used to aid SA ministries to increase OSS usage.",10.1109/BROADCOM.2008.82
1653,Article,A new open-source software developed for numerical simulations using   discrete modeling methods,"The purpose of this work is to present the development of an open-source   software based on a discrete description of matter applied to study the   behavior of geomaterials. This software uses Object Oriented Programming   techniques, and its methodology design uses three different methods,   which are the Discrete Element Method (DEM) {[}F. Donze, S.A. Magnier,   Formulation of a three-dimensional numerical model of brittle behavior,   Geophys. J. Int. 122 (1995) 790-802, F. Donze, SA. Magnier, L.   Daudeville, C. Mariotti, Numerical study of compressive behaviour of   concrete at high strain rates, J. Engrg. Mech. (1999) 1154-1163], the   Finite Element Method (FEM) {[}J. Rousseau, E. Frangin, P. Marin, L.   Daudeville, Discrete element modelling of concrete structures and   coupling with a finite element model, Comput. Concrete (in print), S.P.   Xiao, T. Belytschko, A bridging domain method for coupling continua with   molecular dynamics, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 193 (2004)   1645-1669] and the Lattice Geometrical Method (LGM) {[}J. Kozicki,   Application of discrete models to describe the fracture process in   brittle materials, Ph.D. thesis, Gdansk University of Technology, 2007,   J. Kozicki, J. Tejchman, 2D lattice model for fracture in brittle   materials, Arch. Hydro-Engrg. Environ. Mech. 53 (2) (2006) 71-88, J.   Kozicki, J. Tejchman, Effect of aggregate structure on fracture process   in concrete using 2D lattice model, Arch. Mech. 59 (4-5) (2007) 365-384,   J. Kozicki, J. Tejchman, Modelling of fracture process in concrete using   a novel lattice model, Granul. Matter (in print), doi:   10.1007/s10035-008-0104-4]. These methods are implemented within a   single object-oriented framework in C++ using OOP design patterns. The   bulk of the original work consisted mainly of finding common objects   which will work for these different modeling methods without changing a   single line of the C++ code. With this approach it is possible to add   new numerical models by only plugging-in the corresponding formulas. The   advantages of the resulting YADE framework are the following: (1)   generic design provides great flexibility when adding new scientific   simulation code, (2) numerous simulation methods can be coupled within   the same framework like for example DEM/FEM and (3) with the open-source   philosophy, the community of users collaborate and improve the software.   The YADE framework is a new emerging software, which can be downloaded   at the http://yade.wikia.comwebpage. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.cma.2008.05.023
1654,InProceedings,A social networking approach to F/OSS quality assessment,"With the growing number of available Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) applications, choosing between them becomes increasingly difficult. The concept of “trust” in social networking has been successfully applied to facilitate choice in similar situations. We propose a social network-based approach to quality assessment and evaluation of F/OSS applications. The proposed system utilises the community formed around F/OSS projects to produce meaningful recommendations based on specific user preferences. We suggest that such an approach would overcome some of the difficulties complicating user choice by making useful suggestions and can fit seamlessly within the structure of the majority of F/OSS projects. The main focus of this work is on the end users of free and open source software and not on the developers of the software. The social network-based approach would apply differently to these different user classes.",10.1007/978-3-642-02276-0_16
1655,Article,A socio-cognitive analysis of online design discussions in an Open   Source Software community,"This paper is an analysis of online discussions in an Open Source   Software (OSS) design community, the Python project. Developers of   Python are geographically distributed and work online asynchronously.   The objective of our study is to understand and to model the dynamics of   the OSS design process that takes place in mailing list exchanges. We   develop a method to study distant and asynchronous collaborative design   activity based on an analysis of quoting practices. We analyze and   visualize three aspects of the online dynamics: social, thematic   temporal, and design. We show that roles emerge during discussions   according to the involvement and the position of the participants in the   discussions and how they influence participation in the design   discussions. In our analysis of the thematic temporal dynamics of   discussion, we examine how themes of discussion emerge, diverge, and are   refined over time. To understand the design dynamics, we perform a   content analysis of messages exchanged between developers to reveal how   the online discussions reflect the ``work flow{''} of the project: it   provides us with a picture of the collaborative design process in the   OSS community. These combined results clarify how knowledge and   artefacts are elaborated in this epistemic, exploration-oriented, OSS   community. Finally, we outline the need to automate of our method to   extend our results. The proposed automation could have implications for   both researchers and participants in OSS communities. (C) 2007 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.intcom.2007.10.004
1656,Article,A strategic analysis for successful open source software utilization   based on a structural equation model,"Commercial software companies face many challenges when competing in   today's fast moving and competitive industry environment. Recently, the   use of open source software (OSS) has been proposed as a possible way to   address those challenges. OSS provides many benefits, including   high-quality software and substantial profits. Nevertheless, OSS has not   been effectively utilized in real business. The purpose of this paper is   to find what affects the utilization of OSS. For this study, we propose   a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the relationships between   the quality factors based on ISO/IEC 9126 and OSS utilization. In   addition, we suggest an open source software utilization index (OSSUI)   based on the proposed SEM. The results provide us with the controllable   feedback information to improve user (programmer) satisfaction during   OSS utilization. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2007.08.034
1660,InProceedings,A theoretical framework of factors influencing the performance of open   source software development virtual team,"With the development of information technologies, a new software   development method appears which named open source software (OSS)   development. The OSS development project is operated by virtual team   that mainly consists of software developers in online community. In this   paper, the main characteristics of OSS development are firstly   discussed. OSS is significant to the China National Information   Industry. However, the Internet-based open source communities are not   well developed in China. To improve the open source practice in China,   the influencing factors of virtual team performance in the open source   community are analyzed from the systems perspective, including Agents   Attributes Dimension (individual effort and technical abilities),   Interactions Among the Agents Dimension (affective trust, cognitive   trust and communication) and Environment Dimension (open source culture,   community infrastructure, fund support and government policies support).   Then a theoretical framework of factors influencing the performance of   OSS development virtual team and corresponding hypotheses are proposed.",NA
1661,InProceedings,ADOPTING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: A GAME THEORETIC APPROACH,"The advancement of Open Source Software (OSS) in recent years has   provided a robust alternative for businesses and governments around the   world to consider them for adoption. The OSS adoption could lead to   lower production and transaction costs and thus lead to higher   profitability. However, the adoption process is complex and involves   many internal as well as external factors. Hence, information about the   rate of diffusion could be useful to decision makers and support them in   justifying their decisions. We study a variety of technology diffusion   models and their application to OSS. Epidemic, Probit, and Bass models   are compared on their interpretations of technology diffusion. We   develop a game theoretic framework where knowledge of OSS diffusion rate   could lead to information asymmetry and work in favor of an adopting   firm in terms of gaining competitive advantage over its competitors.",NA
1662,Article,Adapting to change: working with digital sound using open source   software in a teaching and learning environment,"This article contributes towards knowledge and understanding of the   creative use of software and hardware tools for computer music. It stems   from a need to reassess strategic spending within an academic department   on music IT, and an interest in the advantages of open source software   for managing musical and collaborative projects. The authors discuss the   most practical way of assessing the use of Linux, a completely open   source software platform with the aim of understanding how compositional   paradigms migrate between computer operating systems, noting   similarities between systems, and highlighting strengths and weaknesses   of the process.   It is apparent that the Linux platform has much to offer, but remains   limited in a number of areas of music IT that are used extensively in   academia, industry and at home. However, as a platform for teaching and   learning computer music it is an ideal tool, though we conclude that   some `introduction' at the outset is required for those who are   uninitiated to a Linux-based system. The teaching and learning   initiative expected students, by the end of a three-year undergraduate   degree programme, to be creating their own tools and to have a good   understanding of related operating systems.",10.1386/jmte.1.2and3.113\\_1
1663,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of Evolution of Inheritance in Java OSS,"Previous studies of Object-Oriented (OO) software have reported avoidance of the inheritance mechanism and cast doubt on the wisdom of ‘deep’ inheritance levels. From an evolutionary perspective, the picture is unclear - we still know relatively little about how, over time, changes tend to be applied by developers. Our conjecture is that an inheritance hierarchy will tend to grow ‘breadth-wise’ rather than ‘depth-wise’. This claim is made on the basis that developers will avoid extending depth in favour of breadth because of the inherent complexity of having to understand the functionality of superclasses. Thus the goal of our study is to investigate this empirically. We conduct an empirical study of seven Java Open-Source Systems (OSSs) over a series of releases to observe the nature and location of changes within the inheritance hierarchies. Results showed a strong tendency for classes to be added at levels one and two of the hierarchy (rather than anywhere else). Over 96% of classes added over the course of the versions of all systems were at level 1 or level 2. The results suggest that changes cluster in the shallow levels of a hierarchy; this is relevant for developers since it indicates where remedial activities such as refactoring should be focused.",10.1109/ASWEC.2008.78
1664,InProceedings,An Exploratory Study on the Evolution of OSS Developer Communities,"Software is developed in a dynamic context where team structure, requirements, and processes evolve together with the product. Although researchers have been studying the evolution of software systems since the early 70s, the study on the evolution of software development teams remains rare. Such evolutionary patterns and their impact on software quality are especially important in the context of OSS (Open Source Software) development, where a group of volunteer developers collaborate online for an extended period of time. By analyzing how social networks of developers evolve over time while building OSS products, we can gain knowledge and experience to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of resource management and distribution in future OSS projects. To this end, we studied the evolution of the developer communities using a suite of OSS products developed under the KOffice project. We found that in general, the social networks of OSS developer communities change over time in certain ways. Identifying such patterns can help OSS managers better understand the unique process of OSS development and improve their management and coordination of the projects.",10.1109/HICSS.2008.58
1665,InProceedings,An Instrumented Analysis of Unknown Software and Malware Driven by Free   Libre Open Source Software,Reverse engineering is often the last resort for analyzing unknown or   closed source software. Such an investigation is motivated by a risk   evaluation of closed source programs or by evaluating consequences and   countermeasures against infections by malicious programs that are often   closed source. This article presents a success story where we used and   modified free software serving as environment for analyzing unknown   software. We explain how a malware sandbox can be constructed based on   free software. Moreover we describe how we modified free software to   improve malware analysis with additional features or extensions. Free   software helped us to increase the accuracy of malware or unknown   software analysis.,10.1109/SITIS.2008.57
1669,InProceedings,An Ontology Based Architecture for a Free Software Portal,"The free software concept implies the freedom to run, copy, distribute,   study, change and improve software. As part of the Brazilian government   initiative, the Brazilian Public Software (BPS) Portal proposes a model   to share all of the software development artifacts produced by its   public institutions. This paper describes the architecture and tools   that are intended to deal with the semantic aspects of service sharing   within the context of BPS. The architecture is based on the   collaborative elaboration of domain reference ontologies, which can be   used in the development of new services within the portal. Finally, a   hypothetical scenario will be used to describe the architecture and   tools.",10.1109/CSEW.2008.63
1671,InProceedings,An Open Source Software System For Robot Audition HARK and Its   Evaluation,"Robot capability of listening to several things at once by its own ears,   that is, robot audition, is important in improving human-robot   interaction. The critical issue in robot audition is real-time   processing in noisy environments with high flexibility to support   various kinds of robots and hardware configurations. This paper presents   open-source robot audition software, called ``HARK{''}, which includes   sound source localization, separation, and automatic speech recognition   (ASR). Since separated sounds suffer from spectral distortion due to   separation, HARK generates a temporal-frequency map of reliability   called ``missing feature mask{''}, for features of separated sounds.   Then separated sounds are recognized by the Missing-Feature Theory (MFT)   based ASR with missing feature masks. HARK is implemented on the   middleware called ``FlowDesigner{''} to share intermediate audio data,   which provides real-time processing. HARK's performance in recognition   of noisy/simultaneous speech is shown by using three humanoid robots,   Honda ASIMO, SIG2 and Robovie with different microphone layouts.",NA
1673,InProceedings,An investigation into the implementation of open source software within the SA government: an emerging expansion model,"Open source software (OSS) is increasingly becoming an alternative for proprietary software (PS), particularly in the government sector globally. The adoption and implementation of OSS by the government sector is cited as one of the enablers for the adoption of OSS by the private sector. It is also apparent that in the government sector internationally, OSS is seen as a viable technology for reasons such as lowering software costs, growing local software development industry, and bridging the digital divide. In South Africa (SA), an OSS policy that mandates OSS usage within ministries is in place. But according to various open source advocates, little has happened with regards to OSS implementation in the SA government. This paper reports on the current status of OSS usage within the SA government by surveying forty (40) national departments, targeting Information Technology (IT) directors and managers. The results indicate that OSS usage within the ministries is not yet extensive as required by the OSS policy. Various challenges and obstacles are hampering full OSS implementation within the ministries. The contribution of this research paper is an OSS expansion model, which is proposed as a possible solution to improve the current status of OSS usage within the SA government departments. The model proposed is in line with SA government's implementation strategy as outlined in the OSS policy.",10.1145/1456659.1456677
1674,InProceedings,Analysis of open source software in enterprise informatization,"Enterprise informatization experiences three phases information islet   modeling, intranet modeling and integrated enterprise modeling. The   traditional market failure argument suggests that innovation is   characterized by high investment and low copy cost, and firms have   difficulty in internalizing the fruits of their innovative effort. Thus,   technology firms are seeking more patents, expanding their scope and   overhauling their business models around intellectual property. Yet   paradoxically, with the progress and development of information   technology, open source software (OSS) plays an important role in   expanding enterprise informatization. For example, Linux is developed   quickly by this open way. Some firms have found the ways of making money   by opening up their treasure-chest of innovation and sharing it with   others. The rise of open-source software is one example. In this   article, the author introduces a model of OSS based on its network   effects to understand how the enterprises decide their activities in   this open market competition. This article describes the inherent   reasons of open source movement from the view of the oligopoly   structure. At the same time, this article analyses the effect of leader   enterprise and follower enterprise on market structure and the different   activities of these enterprises after the source has been opened.   Finally, we make suggestions that companies at the leading edge are   often in such a strong position that they do need the support of   down-streams companies to broaden their technologies successfully and to   decrease their risks in order to leverage the value of the technological   portfolio. On the other hand, this article suggests that follower   enterprises have incentive to take part in the development of   open-source software only when the market has grown up.",NA
1676,InProceedings,Analyzing impact of interface implementation efforts on the structure of   a software market -: OSS/BSS market polarization scenario,"A vertical software market is usually subject to the process of   disintegration resulting in a market where different layers of software   are provided by independent software vendors. However, as argued in this   paper, the process of this vertical disintegration may be affected by   high investments to software interface implementation and maintenance.   Should the required efforts be large, the threshold for entering the   market increases, thereby hampering the vertical disintegration process.   This study examines the impact of the interface implementation efforts   on the vertical market evolution in the case of the so-called operations   support systems and business support systems (OSS/BSS) software, which   are employed by the telecom operators in order to support their daily   operations. The efforts are compared for two prototypical software   vendors serving incumbent operators and new operators respectively.   Total efforts are an order of magnitude larger in the former case.   Furthermore, even if only latest network protocols are taken into   account, the efforts are significantly larger in the former case,   therefore requiring several times greater number of employees to   implement them. Therefore, a conclusion is made that the OSS/BSS market   is likely to polarize into the vertical submarket of large software   vendors serving incumbent operators, and the submarket of small vendors   serving young operators. The latter submarket, due to the lower entry   threshold for new vendors is more likely to be vertically disintegrated.",NA
1677,Article,Analyzing open-source software systems as complex networks,"Software systems represent one of the most complex man-made artifacts.   Understanding the structure of software systems can provide useful   insights into software engineering efforts and can potentially help the   development of complex system models applicable to other domains. In   this paper, we analyze one of the most popular open-source Linux meta   packages/distributions called the Gentoo Linux. In our analysis, we   model software packages as nodes and dependencies among them as edges.   Our empirical results show that the resulting Gentoo network cannot be   easily explained by existing complex network models. This in turn   motivates our research in developing two new network growth models in   which a new node is connected to an old node with the probability that   depends not only on the degree but also on the ``age{''} of the old   node. Through computational and empirical studies, we demonstrate that   our models have better explanatory power than the existing ones. In an   effort to further explore the properties of these new models, we also   present some related analytical results. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.physa.2008.06.050
1678,Article,Authoring multimedia learning material using open standards and free   software,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of   synchronized multimedia presentations.   Design/methodology/approach - The proposal is based on SMIL as   composition language. Particularly, the paper reuses and customizes the   SMIL template used by INRIA on their technical presentations. It also   proposes a set of free tools to produce presentation content and design   focusing on RealPlayer as delivery client. The integration in this   e-learning platform of multimedia compositions developed following the   proposed technique is also presented.   Findings - Technological support to learning and teaching has become   widespread due to computers and internet ubiquity. Particularly   e-learning platforms permit the any-time-and-any-place distribution of   interactive multimedia learning materials. There are commercial tools   available to author this kind of content, usually based on proprietary   formats. This option has some drawbacks like license cost and software   company dependency. To use open data standards and free software is an   alternative without these inconveniences but available authoring tools   are commonly less productive. This shortcoming is certainly important to   non-technical authors and it could be solved by open source   collaboration.   Originality/value - The paper presents multimedia learning material   using open standards and free software.",10.1108/17415650880001104
1679,InProceedings,Bayesian Network to Construct Interoperability Model of Open Source Software,"There are few topics more heated than the discussion surrounding open source software versus commercial and proprietary software. They are not only in an opposite relation, but also looking for cooperation. Moreover, there are many unresolved problems between them, in which the most typical one is the interoperability. There is a real need for a widely adopted, standardized method to assess the interoperability of open source software. However, few groups or researchers have given the guide up to now. This paper proposed Bayesian Network to construct the structure of interoperability and then learn the condition probability table of the structure. The structure and its condition probability table constitute the interoperability model. The model can be used not only to help user evaluate the interoperability of open source software, but also to guide the software developer to improve the quality of open source software more efficiently. An application showed how to use the model, and the result proved the validity of this model.",10.1109/CSSE.2008.1039
1680,Article,Bug fixing practices within free/libre open source software development   teams,"Free/Libre open source software (FLOSS, e.g., Linux or Apache) is   primarily developed by distributed teams. Developers contribute from   around the world and coordinate their activity almost exclusively by   means of email and bulletin boards, yet some how profit from the   advantages and evade the challenges of distributed software development.   In this article we investigate the structure and the coordination   practices adopted by development teams during the bug-fixing process,   which is considered one of main areas of FLOSS project success. In   particular, based on a codification of the messages recorded in the bug   tracking system of four projects, we identify the accomplished tasks,   the adopted coordination mechanisms, and the role undertaken by both the   FLOSS development team and the FLOSS community. We conclude with   suggestions for further research.",10.4018/jdm.2008040101
1684,Article,COLLABORATIVE PRODUCTION OF FREE SOFTWARE: work and technology in the   information society,"This article presents the collaborative production of free software,   which takes place on open-source codes, emerging as an example of   relations between work and innovative technology in the information   society. It discusses the criticism of the political economy of the   capitalist mode of production today, looking for evidence that the   information and communication technologies modify the forms of social   organization and production. The current capitalist production   centralizes the information. Sharing information is part of the   production process and is, at the same time, its main product. The   sharing enables the intelligent organization. The sharing makes common,   incessant basis for recreation. It follows that combine open source   licenses with creative use can contribute to technological development   faster than forms of industrial production. This combination can produce   autonomous modes of life and enable the cooperative work and solidarity.",NA
1685,Article,Challenges and strategies in the use of Open Source Software by   Independent Software Vendors,"Open Source Software (OSS) has already been adopted by a large number of   organizations. An important - but sometimes neglected group of OSS users   are Independent Software Vendors (ISVs). ISVs often develop their   applications on top of OSS platform software. Frequently, this requires   making several extensions and modifications to these OSS components. We   identify a number of challenges that ISVs face in handling these   extensions and modifications. Next, we describe several strategies ISVs   can follow in maintaining these modifications. Finally, we suggest an   opportunity for a closer collaboration between OSS projects and ISVs   which could be mutually beneficial. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2007.09.001
1687,Article,"Chemical Descriptors Library (CDL): A Generic, Open Source Software   Library for Chemical Informatics","In this article the Chemical Descriptors Library (CDL), a generic, Open   Source software library for chemical informatics is introduced. The   library is written using standard-compliant C++ pro.-ramming language.   The CDL provides a generic interface for traversing the Structure of a   molecular graph and accessing its properties. As a result, the software   offers flexibility, reusability. and maintainability. This interface has   been used to develop several chemical informatics algorithms, including   Molecular text format parsers and writers. Substructure, pharmacophore.   and atom type fingerprints and both common Substructure search and   SMARTS search. The algorithms are described and evaluated on 3 data sets   comprising 1000, 50000. and 100000 small molecules. respectively. The   properties of the al-orithins in terms of complexity analysis and   processing times are presented and discussed.",10.1021/ci800135h
1688,Article,Communal resources in open source software development,"Introduction. Virtual communities play an important role in innovation.   The paper focuses on the particular form of collective action in virtual   communities underlying as Open Source software development projects.   Method. Building on resource mobilization theory and private-collective   innovation, we propose a theory of collective action in innovative   virtual communities. We identify three communal resources ( reputation,   control over technology and learning opportunities) that appear as a   byproduct while developing open source software.   Analysis. Constructs are derived from exiting literature. Empirical data   from Freenet, an open source software project for peer-to-peer software,   illustrates both the levels of involvement and the communal resources.   Results \\&   conclusions. Communal resources are able to solve the collective action   dilemma for virtual communities. We show that they increase in value for   individuals along with their involvement in the community.",NA
1689,Article,Community-based production of open-source software: What do we know   about the developers who participate?,"This paper seeks to close an empirical gap regarding the motivations,   personal attributes and behavioral patterns among free/fibre and   open-source (FLOSS) developers, especially those involved in   community-based production, and considers the bearing of its findings on   the existing literature and the future directions for research.   Respondents to an extensive web-survey's (FLOSS-US 2003) questions about   their reasons for beginning to work FLOSS are classified according to   their distinct ``motivational profiles{''} by hierarchical cluster   analysis. Over half of them also are matched to projects of known   membership sizes, revealing that although some members from each of the   clusters are present in the small, medium and large ranges of the   distribution of project sizes, the mixing fractions for the large and   the very small project ranges are statistically different. Among   developers who changed projects, there is a discernable flow from the   bottom toward the very small towards to large projects. some of which is   motivated by individuals seeking to improve their programming skills. It   is found that the profile of early motivation, along with other   individual attributes, significantly affects individual developers'   selections of projects from different regions of the size range. (C)   2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.10.001
1690,Article,Community-based production of open-source software: {What} do we know about the developers who participate?,"This paper seeks to close an empirical gap regarding the motivations, personal attributes and behavioral patterns among free/libre and open-source (FLOSS) developers, especially those involved in community-based production, and considers the bearing of its findings on the existing literature and the future directions for research. Respondents to an extensive web-survey's (FLOSS-US 2003) questions about their reasons for beginning to work FLOSS are classified according to their distinct ""motivational profiles"" by hierarchical cluster analysis. Over half of them also are matched to projects of known membership sizes, revealing that although some members from each of the clusters are present in the small, medium and large ranges of the distribution of project sizes, the mixing fractions for the large and the very small project ranges are statistically different. Among developers who changed projects, there is a discernable flow from the bottom toward the very small towards to large projects, some of which is motivated by individuals seeking to improve their programming skills. It is found that the profile of early motivation, along with other individual attributes, significantly affects individual developers' selections of projects from different regions of the size range. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1691,InProceedings,Comparing Assessment Methodologies for Free/Open Source Software: OpenBRR and QSOS,"Many organizations using Free/Open Source Software (F&lt;em&gt;l&lt;/em&gt;OSS) are dealing with the major problem of selecting the most appropriate software product corresponding to their needs. Most of theses companies are currently selecting F&lt;em&gt;l&lt;/em&gt;OSS projects using ad-hoc techniques. However, in the last couple of years, two methodologies for assessing F&lt;em&gt;l&lt;/em&gt;OSS project have emerge, namely QSOS and OpenBRR. The objective of this work is, through a detailed and rigorous assessment methodology comparison, to allow companies to have a better understanding of these two assessment methodologies content and limitation. This work compares both methodologies on several aspects, among others, their overall approaches, their scoring procedures and their evaluation criteria.",10.1007/978-3-540-69566-0_17
1692,InProceedings,Comparing assessment methodologies for Free/Open source software:   OpenBRR and QSOS,"Many organizations using Free/Open Source Software (FIOSS) are dealing   with the major problem of selecting the most appropriate software   product corresponding to their needs. Most of theses companies are   currently selecting NOSS projects using ad-hoc techniques. However, in   the last couple of years, two methodologies for assessing FIOSS project   have emerge, namely QSOS and OpenBRR. The objective of this work is,   through a detailed and rigorous assessment methodology comparison, to   allow companies to have a better understanding of these two assessment   methodologies content and limitation. This work compares both   methodologies on several aspects, among others, their overall   approaches, their scoring procedures and their evaluation criteria.",NA
1693,Article,Content management system based on free software,"Free software is an important concept providing new technical and   entrepreneurial business models, likewise environment friendly   innovations plus capacities of small and medium sized companies. The   article presents the most important freeware concepts and an experience   managing websites entirely based on free software. Article focus is   merely informative, sacrificing technical details even for the sake of a   more universal comprehesion; for interested readers there are abundant   references to delve further in the concepts mentioned.",NA
1694,InProceedings,"Corporate-, Agile- and Open Source Software Development: A witch's brew   or an elixir of life?","The observation that the Open Source software development is becoming   part of corporate soft,ware development, raises questions about its   compatibility with traditional development, processes. Particular   compatibility questions arise where the existing corporate development   style is in the agile tradition. These questions are identified and   discussed. Measures that can be taken to avoid clashes are suggested. An   example illustrates how Corporate-, Agile- and Open Source Software   could intersect, and SPEM modelling is employed to show how corporate   processes would need to adapt, to accommodate the new scenario.",10.1007/978-3-540-85279-7\\_7
1695,InProceedings,DECIDING ON OPEN INNOVATION: An Exploration of How Firms Create and   Capture Value with Open Source Software,"Open innovation is a paradigm that proposes that firms can and should   use external as well as internal innovations/ideas. A popular example of   open innovation has been open source software (OSS). The key issues   facing organizational decision makers considering OSS strategies is, how   does the firm create value for the customer while simultaneously   extracting value for itself? However, the adoption of OSS as part of an   open innovation strategy is a recent phenomenon and many unanswered   questions remain. Taking the viewpoint of seven IS/IT decision makers in   European firms, this paper reveals how decision makers considered   aspects of value creation, capture, and networking in making decisions   on adopting open source software. The findings reveal that while   decision makers look to open innovation for value creation and capture,   there is still a desire to remain self reliant, resulting in   collaborative design (of external innovations) rather than collaborative   decision making with value network partners in relation to how such   innovations would help create and capture value within firms.",NA
1696,Article,DEVELOPMENT OF AN E-LEARNING WEB PORTAL: The Foss Approach,"With the vast development of various technologies, learning today is no   longer confined to classrooms with lecture delivery as the only method   of conveying knowledge, rather, an electronic means of learning has   continued to evolve. Electronic learning (e-Learning), which facilitates   education using communications networks, has made learning possible from   anywhere at anytime using the Internet, wide area networks or local area   networks. Notably, e-Learning applications which have now become central   to the learning process may be developed using proprietary programming   tools and the process of acquiring and using them to develop large   software application is not only complex but require a huge sum of   money. A viable alternative is to utilize the open source software   platform that allows software engineers and institutions the right to   reuse, study, distribute and localize to satisfy user's requirements.   This paper provides an overview of e-Learning and the open source domain   as well as discusses how open source can be used to speedily realizes   the development of an e-Learning application in a web environment using   an adaptive process. Specifically, the authors described their   preliminary experiment of implementing an open source e-Learning   platform by adapting free PHP source code and MySQL database to suit an   electronic class bulletin board.",NA
1697,Article,DODDLE-OWL: Interactive domain ontology development with open source   software in Java,"In this paper, we propose an interactive domain ontology development   environment called DODDLE-OWL. DODDLE-OWL refers to existing ontologies   and supports the semi-automatic construction of taxonomic and other   relationships in domain ontologies from documents. Integrating several   modules, DODDLE-OWL is a practical and interactive domain ontology   development environment. In order to evaluate the efficiency of   DODDLE-OWL, we compared DODDLE-OWL with popular manual-building method.   In order to evaluate the scalability of DODDLE-OWL, we constructed a   large sized ontology over 34,000 concepts in the field of rocket   operation using DODDLE-OWL. Through the above evaluation, we confirmed   the efficiency and the scalability of DODDLE-OWL. Currently, DODDLE-OWL   is open source software in Java and has 100 and more users from 20 and   more countries.",10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.4.945
1698,Article,Designing a forecasting analysis to understand the diffusion of open   source software in the year 2010,"Open source software (OSS) is being considered the new paradigm of   software distribution. As contrasted with the traditional software   marketing model, OSS pursues the freedom to have access to open source   and offers several advantages to enterprises. These advantages include   saving costs related to Information Systems and Technologies (IS/IT) and   the possibility of adapting to changing organizational requirements.   However, the recent forthcoming of OSS prevents us from knowing the real   impact it has today on social and organizational fields. Having   considered this obstacle, the authors have defined a foreseeable setting   for OSS diffusion and adoption by means of a forecasting study based on   the Delphi method for the year 2010. The findings reveal the levels of   OSS diffusion for this year according to the main applications,   geographic regions and industries. In a complementary manner, the   authors have studied the elements of success as well as the most   relevant obstacles for diffusing and adopting technological solutions   based on OSS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.002
1706,Article,Developing a Telecommunication Operation Support Systems (OSS): The   Impact of a Change in Network Technology,"The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened competition in the   telecommunications market in the U.S. and forced the incumbent   telecommunications companies to open both their physical and logical   infrastructure for Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs). In this   case study we focus on the problems that face a CLEC with regard to   designing an information system and getting a back office system, called   an Operations Support Systems (OSS), operational in a highly   competitive, complex, fast-paced market in a compressed time frame when   a change in a critical telecommunications network component, namely the   central office switch, is made after 75\\% of the system implementation   was completed. This case deals with the factors that led to this change   in central office switches, its impact on the IT department, its impact   on the company, and the alternatives considered by the IT department as   possible solutions to the many problems created by this change.",10.4018/jbdcn.2008010103
1707,InProceedings,Development and evaluation of FLEMOps - a new Flood oss stimation del   for the rivate sector,"The estimation of flood losses is an essential component for   risk-oriented flood design, risk mapping or financial appraisals in the   reinsurance sector. However, only simple models, e.g. stage-damage   curves, have been used frequently. Further, the reliability of flood   loss and risk estimates is fairly unknown, since flood loss models are   scarcely validated.   In the aftermath of flooding in August 2002 large data sets of flood   losses were collected at affected properties in Germany. These data were   used to derive multi-factorial loss models. This paper presents FLEMOps   - the Flood Loss Estimation Model for the private sector, which   estimates direct monetary flood losses of residential buildings and   household contents considering water level, building type and building   quality. In an additional model stage (FLEMOps+), the effects of private   precautionary measures as well as of the contamination of the floodwater   can be quantified. Together with census data and land use information   the model is adapted for applications on the meso-scale.   Further, different data sets of repair costs for single buildings and in   whole municipalities were used to validate loss estimates on the micro-   as well as on the meso-scale. First results show that the model FLEMOps+   outperforms simple stage-damage-functions.",10.2495/FRIAR080301
1708,Article,"Dynamics of innovation in an ""open source"" collaboration environment: lurking, laboring, and launching {FLOSS} projects on {SourceForge}","A systems analysis perspective is adopted to examine the critical properties of the Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) mode of innovation, as reflected on the SourceForge platform (SF.net). This approach re-scales March's (1991) framework and applies it to characterize the ""innovation system"" of a ""distributed organization"" of interacting agents in a virtual collaboration environment, rather than to innovation within a firm. March (1991) views the process of innovation at the organizational level as the coupling of sub-processes of exploration and exploitation. Correspondingly, the innovation system of the virtual collaboration environment represented by SF.net is an emergent property of two ""coupled"" processes: one involves the interactions among agents searching the locale for information and knowledge resources to use in designing novel software products (i.e., exploration), and the other involves the mobilization of individuals' capabilities for application in the software development projects that become established on the platform (i.e., exploitation). The micro-dynamics of this system are studied empirically by constructing transition probability matrices representing the movements of 222,835 SF.net users among seven different activity states, which range from ""lurking"" (not contributing or contributing to projects without becoming a member) to ""laboring"" (joining one or more projects as members), and to ""launching"" (founding one or more projects) within each successive 6-month interval. The estimated probabilities are found to form first-order Markov chains describing ergodic processes. This makes it possible the computation of the equilibrium distribution of agents among the states, thereby suppressing transient effects and revealing persisting patterns of project joining and project launching. The latter show the FLOSS innovation process on SF.net to be highly dissipative: a very large proportion of the registered ""developers"" fail to become even minimally active on the platform. There is nevertheless an active core of mobile project joiners, and a (still smaller) core of project founders who persist in creating new projects. The structure of these groups' interactions (as displayed within the 3-year period examined) is investigated in detail, and it is shown that it would be sufficient to sustain both the exploration and exploitation phases of the platform's global dynamics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1093/icc/dtn026
1712,Article,"Effects of Ni, Fe and Mn exposures towards the growth of <i>Anabaena   floss</i>-<i>aquae</i> in the batchculture","The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of exposure of heavy   metals such as Ni, Fe and Mn on the growth of the cyanobacteria Anabaena   flos-aquae, which can be found in fresh water environment. Results of   the experiments showed that exposure of A. flos-aquae to Ni caused the   most toxic effect as compared to exposure with Fe and Mn. The 96 hr LC50   value for Ni exposure was 0.321 mu g/mL (approximately 30\\% inhibition),   whereas Mn was the second most toxic metal followed by Fe with the 96 hr   LC50 values of 0.684 mu g/mL and 3.020 mu g/mL respectively. This study   demonstrated that even though Fe and Mn are essential micronutrients for   A. flos-aquae, both show toxic effects at high concentrations. The   difference in the toxicity value between Fe and Mn for A. flos-aquae is   five times and this indicates that Mn was five times more toxic to A.   flos-aquae than Fe suggestings that the cyanobacteria is more tolerant   to Fe when compared with Mn.",NA
1713,Article,Effort modeling and programmer participation in open source software   projects,"This paper develops models for programmer participation and effort   estimation in open source software projects and employs the results to   assess the efficiency of open source software creation. Successful   development of such models will be important for decision makers of   various kinds. We propose hypotheses based on a prior case study on   manpower function and effort modeling. A large data set retrieved from a   project repository is used to test these hypotheses. The main results   are that if Norden-Rayleigh-based approaches are used, they need to be   complemented in order to account for the addition of new features during   a product life cycle, and that programmer-participation based effort   models result in distinctly lower estimations of effort than those based   on output metrics, such as lines of code. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.004
1715,Article,Evaluating the performance of open source software projects using data envelopment analysis,"The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model of the relative performance of open source software (OSS) projects. This paper evaluates the relative performance of OSS projects by evaluating multiple project inputs and multiple project outputs by using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The DEA model produces an efficiency score for each project based on project inputs and outputs. The method of producing an efficiency score is based on the convex envelopment technology structure. The efficiency measure quantifies a ""distance"" to an efficient frontier. The DEA model produced an index of corresponding intensities linking an inefficient project to its benchmark efficient project(s). The inefficiency measures produced an ordering of inefficient projects. Eight projects were found to be ""efficient"" and used as benchmarking projects. This research is limited to only security-based OSS projects. Future research on other areas of OSS projects is warranted. The result of this research is a practical model that can be used by OSS project developers to evaluate the relative performance of their projects and make resource decisions. An OSS project manger can effectively use these results to critically evaluate resources for their project and judge the relative efficiency of the resources.",10.1108/09685220810920530
1717,Article,Explaining leadership in virtual teams: The case of open source software,"This paper contributes to the open source software (OSS) literature by   investigating the likelihood that a participant becomes a project   leader. Project leaders are key actors in a virtual community and are   crucial to the success of the OSS model. Knowledge of the forces that   lead to the emergence of project managers among the multitude of   participants is still limited. We aim to fill this gap in the literature   by analyzing the association between the roles played by an individual   who is registered with a project, and a set of individual-level and   project-level characteristics. In line with the theory of occupational   choice elaborated by (Lazear, E.P., 2002. Entrepreneurship. NBER Working   Paper No. 9109, Cambridge, Mass; Lazear, E.P., 2004. Balanced skills and   entrepreneurship, American Economic Review 94, pp. 208-211), we find   that OSS project leaders possess diversified skill sets which are needed   to select the inputs provided by various participants, motivate   contributors, and coordinate their efforts. Specialists, like pure   developers, are endowed with more focused skill sets. Moreover, we find   that the degree of modularity of the development process is positively   associated with the presence of project leaders. That result is   consistent with the modern theory of modular production (Baldwin, C.Y.,   Clark, K.B., 1997. Managing in an age of modularity. Harvard Business   Review September-October. pp. 84-93; Mateos-Garcia, J., Stein-mueller,   W.E., 2003. The Open Source Way of Working: A New Paradigm for the   Division of Labour in Software Development? SPRU - Science and   Technology Policy Studies. Open Source Movement Research INK Working   Paper, No. 1; Aoki, M., 2004. An organizational architecture of T-form:   Silicon Valley clustering and its institutional coherence. Industrial   and Corporate Change 13, pp. 967-981). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.002
1721,Article,Exploring the effects of process characteristics on product quality in   open source software development,"There has been considerable discussion on the possible impacts of open   source software development practices, especially in regard to the   quality of the resulting software product. Recent studies have shown   that analyzing data from source code repositories is an efficient way to   gather information about project characteristics and programmers,   showing that OSS projects are very heterogeneous in their team   structures and software processes. However, one problem is that the   resulting process metrics measuring attributes of the development   process and of the development environment do not give any hints about   the quality, complexity, or structure of the resulting software.   Therefore, we expanded the analysis by calculating several product   metrics, most of them specifically tailored to object-oriented software.   We then analyzed the relationship between these product metrics and   process metrics derived from a CVS repository. The aim was to establish   whether different variants of open source development processes have a   significant impact on the resulting software products. In particular we   analyzed the impact on quality and design associated with the numbers of   contributors and the amount of their work, rising the GINI coefficient   as a measure of inequality within the developer group.",10.4018/jdm.2008040102
1723,Article,F/{LOSS} [{GOVERNANCE}] {OPERATIONS},"Many enterprises, for now, are sourcing the majority of their F/LOSS solutions via a vendor. This does not remove the need for governance. Even with commercial arrangements in place, it is crucial that business have an understanding of F/LOSS communities: what drives them, how to interact with them, and what obligations they may have to them. Software development is now enabled by open licenses that afford great freedoms and, in doing so, facilitate widespread collaboration. With this unprecedented pace of innovation, comes new obligations. In this article the authors discuss the areas of governance, education, and tools which together constitute the base capabilities required for the effective enterprise adoption of F/LOSS technology and principles. In naming the mandated organizational unit, F/LOSS Operations or Open Source ""Operations"" is preferable to F/LOSS or Open Source ""Governance"". This supports the wider role of being an enabler, rather than simply being responsible of policing and restricting the use of F/LOSS.",NA
1724,InProceedings,Facilitating social network studies of FLOSS using the OSSNetwork   environment,"Open source projects are typical examples of successful distributed   software development projects. Understanding how coordination in these   projects takes place can provide important lessons to Software   Engineering researchers and practitioners. This understanding has been   achieved using different research methods, including, surveys, case   studies and social network analysis. However, to conduct these studies   each researcher needs to build his own infra-structure from the scratch,   a time consuming and error-prone task. This paper aims to alleviate this   problem by describing an environment, the OSSNetwork, which allows the   automatic data collection of open source repositories. Data collected by   the OSSNetwork is aimed to support the construction, visualization, and   analysis of social networks. This environment is extensible, therefore   facilitating empirical Studies of open source projects.",NA
1726,InProceedings,Firm-Specificity and Organizational Learning-related Scale on Investment   in Internal Human Capital for Open Source Software Adoption,"This study investigates two antecedents of organizational investment in   the development of human capital in the context of Open Source Software   (OSS). Survey data collected from 114 senior Information Technology (IT)   managers and IT professionals indicates that an organization's   perception of firm-specificity of OSS human capital and the extent of   learning-related scale are positively associated with the investment it   makes in cultivating internal OSS human capital. Additionally, we   observed that teaming-related scale moderates the impact of   firm-specificity of OSS on its investment in human capital for OSS   platform products.",10.1145/1355238.1355244
1728,Article,"Free online games, open source software and library technical roles,   what do they have in common?","Consumers are coming to expect a more flexible approach to purchasing   software applications, with upgrades and add-ons being available as   downloads rather than physically going to a shop to make their purchase.   This shaft in thinking is filtering its way into the library, and   information field with open source software, available for download   online and with its own online community becoming more of a serious   consideration than ever before. This calls for staff with a library   background to also have technical skills and be savvy, installing,   testing and rolling these open source additions to working life.",10.3145/epi.2008.nov.13
1729,Article,Free software as tool of production of knowledge in the educational   area. The case of Chile,"The article that follows describes the problem of legality that   currently exists with the use of software on desktops, delivering   information free software as an alternative solution and relates this   situation with education Chilean. Subsequently, describes some of the   flagship projects promoted by governments in the past two decades in   this area, questioning the lack of interest and political will to   support the insertion of free software and open source in education.   Lastly, it proposes some solutions, primarily focused on improving the   user information and to stimulate changes in the habit of using   unlicensed software.",NA
1730,Article,Free software at the UPC libraries,"We reviewed projects and outcomes in the implementation and use of free   software in the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) libraries. Free   software is a growing movement with steadily increasing significance,   especially in university environments. The use of standards improves the   possibility of integration with other systems and enhances the efficient   management of library data. At the moment UPC libraries are developing   their institutional repositories, using open source software like DSpace   to disseminate the institution's teaching and research activities. The   UPC libraries will continue to implement this cost effective software   and promote its rise among library users and the university community.",10.3145/epi.2008.ene.06
1731,Article,Free software in e-information repositories,"University libraries manage not only commercial electronic resources,   but also documents generated by research and educational activities at   their own institutions. Libraries are committed to disseminating these   electronic documents, which usually requires that they compile and store   them as well as guaranteeing their preservation. The best way to achieve   this objective is e-information repositories. We briefly present an   overview of the free software available to develop repositories, with a   special focus on the software used to build Catalan cooperative   repositories. We also review desireable system characteristics, such as   the use of open communication standards between repositories,   preservation strategies for digital content, and user communities.",10.3145/epi.2008.ene.05
1732,Article,Free/Libre open-source software development: What we know and what we do not know,"We review the empirical research on Free/Libre and Open-Source Software (FLOSS) development and assess the state of the literature. We develop a framework for organizing the literature based on the input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model from the small groups literature. We present a quantitative summary of articles selected for the review and then discuss findings of this literature categorized into issues pertaining to inputs (e.g., member characteristics, technology use, and project characteristics), processes (software development practices, social processes, and firm involvement practices), emergent states (e.g., social states and task-related states), and outputs (e.g. team performance, FLOSS implementation, and project evolution). Based on this review, we suggest topics for future research, as well as identify methodological and theoretical issues for future inquiry in this area, including issues relating to sampling and the need for more longitudinal studies.",10.1145/2089125.2089127
1733,Article,Free/libre open source software implementation in schools: Evidence from   the field and implications for the future,"This empirical paper shows how free/libre open source software (FLOSS)   contributes to mutual and collaborative learning in an educational   environment. Unlike proprietary software, FLOSS allows extensive   customisation of software to support the needs of local users better.   This also allows users to participate more proactively in the   development and implementation process of a FLOSS-based system. In this   paper, we observes how implementing FLOSS in an Italian high school   challenges the conventional relationship between end users themselves   (e.g. teachers and students) and that between users and developers. The   findings will shed some light on the social aspects of FLOSS-based   computerization - including the role of FLOSS in social and   organizational change in educational environments and the ways that the   social organization of FLOSS are influenced by social forces and social   practices. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.001
1734,Article,GENII-LIN-2.1: an open source software system for calculating radiation   dose and risk from radionuclides released to the environment,"GENII-LIN is an open source radiation protection environmental software   system running on the Linux operating system. It has capabilities for   calculating radiation dose and risk to individuals or populations from   radionuclides released to the environment and from pre-existing   environmental contamination. It can handle exposure pathways that   include ingestion, inhalation and direct exposure to air, water and   soil. The package is available for free and is completely open source,   i.e., transparent to the users, who have full access to the source code   of the software.",10.1088/0952-4746/28/4/N01
1735,Article,"Gelsinger's remarkable first surgeon, Dr Harold Foss","On September 1, 1915, when Dr Harold Foss began work as Surgeon-in-Chief   and Superintendent of the new George F Geisinger Memorial Hospital in   Danville, Pennsylvania, he was not only its first surgeon, but also its   only surgeon. That day, the 32-year-old Foss was the only doctor at   Abigail Gelsinger's nascent 70-bed hospital. Thebiography of this   trainee and lifelong friend of the Mayo brothers could be that of   several men: President of The American College of Surgeons, founding   member of the American Board of Surgery, gifted surgeon and educator,   musician, aviator, yachtsman, equestrian, author, cook, husband, and   father. Abigail's handpicked but unproven leader proved a prescient   choice.",10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.09.023
1736,Article,How {Open} {Source} {Software} and {Wireless} {Networks} are {Transforming} {Two} {Cultures}: {An} {Investigation} in {Urban} {North} {America} and {Rural} {Africa},"This paper explores how open source software and wireless networks enable digital inclusion in the United States and Africa. We begin by measuring the digital divide in these very different regions of the world. Our research demonstrates, both quantitatively and qualitatively, how the digital divide places populations in both regions at a disadvantage. Next we examine the role of these technologies in bridging the digital divide along three complementary dimensions. First, we show that both affordable technology and sound policy are necessary for digital inclusion. Second, we look at how these two technologies are extended, integrated, and customized in information and communication technology (ICT) solutions that are both creative and effective. Third, we describe how the hardware and software in networked systems have been tailored to support applications that are as diverse as the people using them. We also present a series of case studies that highlight specific wireless network and open source technologies and their impact on the education of children, as well as the development of local communities.",10.18848/1832-3669/CGP/v04i06/55949
1739,InCollection,IMPACT OF OSS ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELFARE,"Many researchers have stressed out the socio-economic changes caused by   the emergence and rapid diffusion of Open Source Software (OSS). It is   without doubt that an increasing number of software and hardware vendors   are investing significant amounts in open Source software in a number of   ways. This may be due primarily to the fact that open source ultimately   produces greater value on both the use and production sides, implying an   impact on welfare. This chapter attempts a holistic approach on the   analysis of the OSS phenomenon and its impact on welfare. The main   entities of the OSS ecosystem are identified and analysed under the   scope of the main factors affecting welfare: innovation, competition and   productivity. For that purpose an all encompassing model of the OSS   ecosystem is created to reflect the interactions among its entities as   well as the direct and indirect effects on welfare factors. Innovation   and productivity are promoted by the accumulation of knowledge and human   capital input by individuals as well as by enterprises. OSS as an   innovative mode of production has created market opportunities and new   sustainable business models, creating the appropriate conditions for new   entrances and a raise in competition in the software market. To support   this, a market concentration index, the HHI index, is tested over the   case of web servers. As a result the study reveals that under the   appropriate conditions, OSS call have a positive impact on welfare.",NA
1741,InProceedings,Innovation in Open Source Software with Knowledge - Three Challenges for   Open Source Competence Centres,"This paper firstly introduces the QualiPSo project, then it discusses   ten knowledge creation principles for Open Source Software (OSS)   development. Finally three challenges for Open Source Competence Centers   (OSCC) are put forward for discussion further. The ten knowledge   creation principles are self-organizing, code sharing, dissemination and   adaptation, ease of use, sustainability, talent, interaction,   collaboration, happiness and the democracy. These ten principles assure   the smooth implementation of process of knowledge and a favorable   organizational contextual, and make OSS development be superior compared   traditional software development in knowledge conversion, sharing, and   attracting talents. These are to be globally respected knowledge leader   just as Linux and IETF, cultivate Knowledge Intensive-business Services   (KIBS)for OSS in the world to empower the knowledge economy in   information economy and fostering innovations.",NA
1743,InProceedings,Issues of Open Source Software Uptake in Australian Government Agencies,"Software generally used by individuals and organizations is proprietary   software. This kind of software, is closed, available at a cost, and its   copyright is owned by the organization that develops it. This means that   the end user does not have access to source code, cannot make changes to   the software to suit individual needs, and the software cannot be   redistributed. Open source software, on the other hand, allows its user   access to source code, thereby allowing them to customize the software   according to their needs and integrate it with existing software   infrastructure: and, if need be, redistribute it. Open source software,   therefore, has potential benefits for government agencies in terms of   electronic service provision to general public. However, there are many,   issues around open source software uptake in government agencies, and if   the adoption of OSS is to be encouraged then these issues have to be   addressed. This paper presents an account of these issues as identified   by the government agencies from Australia an New Zealand.",NA
1744,Article,JTruss: A CAD-Oriented Educational Open-Source Software for Static   Analysis of Truss-Type Structures,"A CAD-oriented software (JTruss) for the static analysis of planar and   spatial truss-type structures is presented. Developed for educational   purposes, JTruss is part of an open-source project and is characterised   by complete accessibility (i.e. platform independent) and high software   compatibility. CAD methodologies are employed to implement commands for   handling graphic models. A student friendly graphical interface,   tailored mainly for structural mechanics introductory courses in   engineering and architecture programs, is conceived. Accordingly, the   standard sequence involved in the software design, namely preprocessing,   processing and post-processing, is implemented aiming to improve the   structural behaviour interpretation. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.   Comput Aprol Eng Educ 16: 280-289, 2008: Published online in Wiley   InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/cae.20150",10.1002/cae.20150
1745,InProceedings,Lost and gained in translation:: Adoption of open source software   development at Hewlett-Packard,"What happens when ail organization form that has emerged in one context   is brought into a different context? In this paper, a longitudinal field   study approach is used to explore hove Hewlett-Packard (HP) molded open   source software development (OSSD) into a proprietary software   development approach called ``Progressive Open Source{''} (POS). With   the help of actor-network theory, we understand this as a process of   translation and find that some central characteristics of OSSD where   lost in the translation into POS while other characteristics were   gained.",10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1\\_8
1746,InProceedings,MOTIVATIONS FOR PARTICIPATING IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES: ROLES   OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS AND ALTRUISM,"As a new phenomenon of the software industry, Open Source Software (OSS)   development has attracted many research interests. Examining what   motivate participants to be involved in OSS projects is one of the   recently heated research areas. This study is motivated by the   significance but lacking evidence on how personality traits may affect   participants' task effort on OSS projects. In particular, we investigate   how personality traits namely psychological needs for autonomy and   competence, and one's altruism interact with motivations. Following   Self-Determination Theory, we differentiate types of motivation in OSS   communities. In addition, drawing upon the Affective Event theory, we   submit that personality traits moderate the relationships between task   effort and both external and identified motivations. The research model   is largely supported by data from 204 participants in various OSS   projects. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are   discussed.",NA
1747,InProceedings,Measuring OSS quality trough centrality,"In this study, we explore whether the degree of centrality, betweenness and density of the open source software or OSS team communications network have any bearing on the quality of the software developed. We measure the quality of OSS in terms of number of defect fixed per software promotion, the number of defects reported at different severity levels and the average number of days for a defect to be fixed for each project team. The data required to conduct the analysis needs to be of OSS projects, their team structure and also contribution of the projects user community and immediate development team. We extract the communications pattern of OSS projects development teams from online forums or message boards as the developers are usually located in different geographic areas. We use SorceForge.net for collecting relevant coordination related data for this study; which is the central resource for hosting more than 100,000 open source development projects and with over 1 million registered users that participate in the development of high profile OSS projects. The outcome of this study suggests that there is a correlation between social network characteristics and strong and poor performing projects in an OSS environment.",10.1145/1370114.1370131
1748,Article,Mobilization of software developers: the free software movement,"The paper has three purposes: the first is to provide a deeper understanding of the ideology and work practices of free and open source software development, the second to characterize the free software movement as a new type of computerization movement and the third to present a conceptual diagram and framework with an analysis showing how the free software computerization movement has evolved into an occupational community.  Qualitative data were collected over a four year period using a virtual ethnography in a study of free and open source software development and, in particular, a study of a free software community, GNUenterprise, located at www.gnuenterprise.org, which has the goal of developing a free enterprise resource planning software system.  It is concluded that the ideology of the free software movement continues to be one of the factors which mobilize people to contribute to free and open source software development. This movement represents a new type of computerization movement which promotes the investment of time in learning a new software development process instead of investment of money in the acquisition and use of new technology. The research findings are limited by a detailed study of only one free software development project. This paper is of significance to software developers and managers of firms who wish to incorporate free and open source software into their companies. This research presents an original conceptual diagram and framework for how computerization movements have emerged into an occupational community. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1108/09593840810860315
1749,InProceedings,Multiple Perspectives Criteria of Open Source Software Appropriation: A   Case Study of a City Council,"Adoption of new technology such as Open Source Software (OSS) is an   important issue in organizations. Despite many claimed benefits,   implementing OSS can be challenging. This paper describes a case study   of a City Council in Malaysia that was migrating to Open Source based   applications. It presents an integrated framework that allows the   researcher to understand the multiple perspectives that influence   appropriation of OSS in each level of the process. This understanding   will assist in effective implementation decisions and lead to a more   effective use of OSS.",NA
1750,InCollection,Needs for a Semi-Open Source Software Business Model for Local   Governments,"The search for efficient business models for open source software is a   hot topic both for software vendors and for customers and users of   software. In this paper we investigate possibilities for a network of   municipalities in Sweden, Sambruk, to use an open source business model   for their procurement of software solutions. More specifically, the   procurement of public e-services has been followed in seven case   studies, of which one was studied in-depth and is accounted for in   detail in this paper. The results are that municipalities' investments   in e-services are important both concerning function and long-term cost   of ownership. Open source software, OSS, can be ail alternative, but in   the studied procurement cases it appeared not to be a realistic choice   in practise. This paper investigates why, and the conclusions are   presented as general results. The authors also suggest ail alternative   business model referred to as Sambruk Community Licence, ie a semi-open   source software business model for local governments.",NA
1751,InProceedings,Not to Profit from Open Source: The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in   Open Source Software Development,"The papers explores the role of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in free   or open source software (ROSS) development process. Based on two   dominant NPO theories and a series of in-depth interviews with officials   from NPOs in the ROSS discourse, this paper argues that NPOs have   provided the social structure necessary to support the production of   ROSS. By illustrating the role of these NPOs, this paper not only serves   as a lens to understand the nonproprietary production process but also   examines the robustness of the aforementioned NPO theories.",NA
1752,Article,OGAMA (Open Gaze and Mouse Analyzer): Open-source software designed to   analyze eye and mouse movements in slideshow study designs,"In the present article, a new software is introduced that allows the   recording and analyzing of eye- and mouse-tracking data from   slideshow-based experiments in parallel. The Open Gaze and Mouse   Analyzer (OGAMA) is written in C\\#.NET and has been released as an   open-source project. Its main features include slideshow design, the   recording of gaze and mouse data, database-driven preprocessing and   filtering of gaze and mouse data, the creation of attention maps,   areas-of-interest definition, and replay. Eyetracking and/or   presentation soft- and hardware recordings in ASCH format can be   imported. Data output is provided that can be used directly with   different statistical software packages. Because it is open source, one   can easily adapt it to suit one's needs.",10.3758/BRM.40.4.1150
1753,InProceedings,OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE - THE NEXT STRIVE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN THE SOFTWARE   INDUSTRY,"Open Source Software is characterized by being independent from many   restrictions historically existing in software. To show this point we go   through the history of software achievements and order them according to   the fields in which independence was achieved: from the separation of   hardware and software to independence from intellectual property, right.   Many of theses achievements were the basis for the success of the Open   Source Movement and some them can even be found in the characteristics   of Open Source.",NA
1754,Article,Online innovation: the case of open source software development,"Purpose - The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of online   networking during the innovation process, including its role(s) in   communication, cooperation and coordination. The paper neither   implicitly assumes that online computer-based networking is a   prerequisite for the innovation process nor denies the possibility that   innovation can emerge and successfully survive without it. It merely   presupposes that, in cases of innovation where information and   communication technologies play a substantial role, non-proprietarity   may offer an interesting alternative to innovations based on proprietary   knowledge.   Design/methodology/approach - The paper borrows from the theory of   communities-of-practice, which takes into account social relations,   contacts, and the transfer and incorporation of knowledge. Open source   innovation is not the exclusive preserve of computer nerds, but also has   implications for existing software manufacturers. The paper therefore   includes the case of IBM, a company which has successfully integrated   this new and more open way of collaboration into its business model.   Findings - The paper concludes that online computer-based innovation   fundamentally challenges current ways of communicating, cooperating and   coordinating during the innovation and product development process.   Moreover, it challenges the traditional business model in that it forces   the actors involved to shift the focus from the innovation itself to the   identification of new supporting services higher up the value chain.   Last, but not least, it blurs the boundary between development and use,   since the developer remains the key user.   Research limitations/implications - The paper addresses the implications   for future research in the area. Practical implications - The paper   addresses implications for practitioners directly involved in innovation   and product development.   Originality/value - This paper develops a conceptual framework for   understanding product development based on non-proprietary knowledge,   which cannot be adequately accounted for by traditional corporate   innovation theory alone.",10.1108/14601060810845268
1758,InProceedings,Open Source Software Approach for Internet GIS and Its Application,"Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used for effective accessibility to spatial data. Due to technical complexity and high cost, communities lacking the expertise and resources cannot benefit from this technology. Open source software (OSS) offers the potential to solve these problems. At first this paper briefly reviews the OSS and open source GIS(OSGIS). Then an approach for developing Internet GIS using open source software is proposed. Issues involved in the development, including economic and technical, are discussed later. To demonstrate the approach a case study of Web-based Mountain Data Sharing Information System is presented. The presented case shows that development of Internet GIS based on OSS is feasible. It also provides a solution for internet GIS that is low cost and simple to implement.",10.1109/IITA.2008.501
1759,InProceedings,Open Source Software Peer Review Practices: A Case Study of the Apache   Server,"Peer review is seen as an important quality assurance mechanism in both   industrial development and the open source software (OSS) community. The   techniques for performing inspections have been well studied in   industry; in OSS development, peer reviews are less well understood. We   examine the two peer review techniques used by the successful, mature   Apache server project: review-then-commit and commit-then-review. Using   archival records of email discussion and version control repositories,   we construct a series of metrics that produces measures similar to those   used in traditional inspection experiments. Specifically, we measure the   frequency of review, the level of participation in reviews, the size of   the artifact under review, the calendar time to perform a review, and   the number of reviews that find defects. We provide a comparison of the   two Apache review techniques as well as a comparison of Apache review to   inspection in an industrial project. We conclude that Apache reviews can   be described as (1) early, frequent reviews (2) of small, independent,   complete contributions (3) conducted asynchronously by a potentially   large, but actually small, group of self-selected experts (4) leading to   an efficient and effective peer review technique.",10.1145/1368088.1368162
1761,InProceedings,Open Source Software Product Lines,"Embedded industries have invested a lot in the introduction of software product lines in their software development. In addition, using open source software appears to be a profitable way to obtain good software. This is also applicable for organizations doing product line engineering. On the other hand, because of the diverse use of open source software, product line development is an attractive way of working in open source communities.",10.1109/SPLC.2008.74
1762,Article,Open Source Software: A Key Component of E-Health in Developing Nations,"The global burden of disease falls most heavily on people in developing   countries. Few resources for healthcare, geographical and infrastructure   issues, lack of trained staff, language and cultural diversity and   political instability all affect the ability of health providers to   support effective and efficient healthcare. Health information systems   are a key aspect of improving healthcare, but existing systems are often   expensive and unsuitable. Open source software appears to be a promising   avenue for quickly and cheaply introducing health information systems   that are appropriate for developing nations. This article describes some   aspects of open source e-health software that are particularly relevant   to developing nations, issues and problems that may arise and suggests   some future areas for research and action. Suggestions for critical   success factors are included. Much of the discussion will be related to   a case study of a training and e-health project, currently running in   the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan.",10.4018/jhisi.2008070101
1763,InProceedings,Open source software and leveraging of business effectiveness in SMEs -   A case study,"This research investigated the issues that impact on an SME adopting   e-Business. It was found that many barriers may exist for e-Business   adoption in an SME. One of which is limited financial resources to   purchase internet technology required for e-Business adoption and   development. However, open source technology has grown in popularity for   a number of years, with governments, business firms, military and   educational organisations incorporating open source software. This paper   provides an overview on open source technology which could be adopted   for e-Business architecture for the development of e-Business   applications. Furthermore, it provides two action research case studies   on SMEs adopting open source software for the development of e-Business   capabilities. It was found the projects were successfully developed and   implemented for each case study company. Although successful, the   research team found that more research is required in open source   software for the development of e-Business applications.",NA
1766,InProceedings,Open source software development: expectations and experience from a small development project,"Open Source Software (OSS) is software that provides access to its source code in order to allow users to improve and redistribute the software. The emergence of OSS has introduced new ways to develop, test, and maintain software. While several success stories about large-scale OSS projects are reported, little research has been done on how small-scale OSS projects are managed by OSS developers. This paper reports preliminary findings from our experience with a small OSS project, while discussing differences between software processes in large- and small-scale OSS developments.",10.1145/1593105.1593168
1767,Article,Open source software in Telcos - a gentle tsunami,"Many people have not realised that as soon as they connect to the   Internet, the large majority of software frameworks which provide the   service are not owned by any corporation and are actually provided by   the Community as Open Source. The fact that critical software frameworks   which are so important for the world economy are managed by a ruleless   system can be difficult to understand. This article introduces the   reader to a definition of Open Source, why it has been so successful for   the Telcos and the consequences of that change for the industry.",NA
1770,Article,"OpenFilters: open-source software for the design, optimization, and   synthesis of optical filters","The design of optical filters relies on powerful computer-assisted   methods. Many of these methods are provided by commercial programs, but,   in order to adapt and improve them, or to develop new methods, one needs   to create his own software. To help people interested in such a process,   we decided to release our in-house software, called OpenFilters, under   the GNU General Public License, an open-source license. It is programmed   in Python and C + +, and the graphical user interface is implemented   with wxPython. It allows creation of multilayer and graded-index filters   and calculation of reflection, transmission, absorption, phase, group   delay, group delay dispersion, color, ellipsometric variables,   admittance diagram, circle diagram, electric field distribution, and   generation of reflection, transmission, and ellipsometric monitoring   curves. It also provides the refinement, needle, step, and Fourier   transform methods. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.",10.1364/AO.47.00C219
1771,Article,OpenMS-An open-source software framework for mass spectrometry,"Background: Mass spectrometry is an essential analytical technique for   high-throughput analysis in proteomics and metabolomics. The development   of new separation techniques, precise mass analyzers and experimental   protocols is a very active field of research. This leads to more complex   experimental setups yielding ever increasing amounts of data.   Consequently, analysis of the data is currently often the bottleneck for   experimental studies. Although software tools for many data analysis   tasks are available today, they are often hard to combine with each   other or not flexible enough to allow for rapid prototyping of a new   analysis workflow.   Results: We present OpenMS, a software framework for rapid application   development in mass spectrometry. OpenMS has been designed to be   portable, easy-to-use and robust while offering a rich functionality   ranging from basic data structures to sophisticated algorithms for data   analysis. This has already been demonstrated in several studies.   Conclusion: OpenMS is available under the Lesser GNU Public License   (LGPL) from the project website at http://www.openms.de.",10.1186/1471-2105-9-163
1772,InProceedings,Organizational learning in health care: Situating free and open source   software,NA,NA
1773,InProceedings,Overview on trust in large FLOSS communities,The paper presents a survey of mature Free/Libre Open Source Software   communities. The main focus of the survey is the collection of data   related to the practices of these Communities related to trust elements   in their products. The survey is carried out using a structured   questionnaire about thoughts and practices followed by Free/Libre Open   Source Software communities. The survey focuses on the analysis of the   development processes adopted by such communities. The results of the   Survey confirms basic ideas related to Free/Libre Open Source Software   and explains in more detail specific issues related to trust and   trustworthiness of the Free/Libre Open Source Software development   process.,NA
1774,InProceedings,Package upgrades in FOSS distributions: details and challenges,"The upgrade problems faced by Free and Open Source Software distributions have characteristics not easily found elsewhere. We describe the structure of packages and their role in the upgrade process. We show that state of the art package managers have shortcomings inhibiting their ability to cope with frequent upgrade failures. We survey current counter-measures to such failures, argue that they are not satisfactory, and sketch alternative solutions.",10.1145/1490283.1490292
1775,InProceedings,Peer to Peer Support for the Reuse of Open Source Software Libraries,"A large number of high quality Open Source Software (OSS) reuse   libraries has been developed, and has been becoming increasingly adopted   by many software development organizations. Programmers who reuse such   OSS libraries often rely on the online peer support platforms such as   dedicated mailing lists to seek help from other programmers. However,   there is little research in understanding and evaluating how effective   such online peer support platforms are for OSS reuse libraries. By   detailed studies of mailing lists of two popular OSS libraries   (Lucene-Java and Apache Commons), this paper attempts to understand the   effectiveness of mailing list-based peer support system. The results   indicate that mailing lists are very responsive to the needs of reusing   programmers, and this responsiveness is largely fueled by the strong   involvement of library developers.",NA
1776,InProceedings,Phantom evaluation of an image-guided navigation system based on   electromagnetic tracking and open source software,"We have developed an image-guided navigation system using   electromagnetically-tracked tools, with potential applications for   abdominal procedures such as biopsies, radiofrequency ablations, and   radioactive seed placements. We present the results of two phantom   studies using our navigation system in a clinical environment. In the   first study, a physician and medical resident performed a total of 18   targeting passes in the abdomen of an anthropomorphic phantom based   solely upon image guidance. The distance between the target and needle   tip location was measured based on confirmatory scans which gave an   average of 3.56 mm. In the second study, three foam nodules were placed   at different depths in a gelatin phantom. Ten targeting passes were   attempted in each of the three depths. Final distances between the   target and needle tip were measured which gave an average of 3.00 mm. In   addition to these targeting studies, we discuss our refinement to the   standard four-quadrant image-guided navigation user interface, based on   clinician preferences. We believe these refinements increase the   usability of our system while decreasing targeting error.",10.1117/12.771254
1777,InProceedings,"Plant Diversity Changes in Response to Environmental Drivers and   Pressures at El Omayed `ROSELT/OSS' Observatory, Egypt","The Observatory adopted a thematic procedure of evaluating and   monitoring changes in natural resources. Data from previous Studies were   also reworked to fit into the themes being monitored. Temporal trends   were evaluated using polynomial curve Fitting, which were confirmed by   statistical analyses. The extracted trends indicate a steady increase in   air temperature, relative humidity and annual rainfall, while wind speed   declined. The standardized seasonal rainfall Shows all autumn trend that   approximates the annual trend With amplitude of live years, while   rainfall during the winter declines and inclines during above the   long-term average during spring. Concurrently, sodium, sulfate and   chloride soil concentrations increased rapidly in the late 1990s,   together with increases ill the very fine sand fraction, which reflects   the active erosion and deposition processes associated with recent human   interference. There is a general process of recharging plant species   diversity (long-term records; 122 perennials and 104 annuals) in the   late 1990s following a sizeable decline; 26 perennials with declining   density and spatial occupation call be considered at threat. Some of   these species are transient and show a three-year cycle of species   replacement (turnover when related to added species). The change ill the   diversity of perennial species is allied to changes in rainfall,   temperature and wind speed related to the climatic, salinity,   bicarbonate, calcium, and Sulfate of the edaphic variables. This also   applies to endangered species, where especially air temperature and Soil   sulfates are the most determinant driving factors. Further, a shift of   the rainfall above the long-term average from winter to spring   elucidates the trend of change detected ill the diversity. It is   concluded that the diversity of biotops (spatial heterogeneity in   habitats) ill the area is the influential base for the biodiversity and   is greatly affected by human impact. Concurrently, climatic changes and   the associated environmental degradation of soil resources are more   cyclic (recurring) phenomena, which reflect specific feedback effects   oil biodiversity in the region.",NA
1778,InProceedings,Research on Benefits of FOSS Use in Education Sector of Mongolia,"The Free and Open Source Software concept has been adopted in Mongolia   in frame of Sakura project. The main outputs of this project are (1) the   development of research finding paper in efficiency of learning and   choice between FOSS and Microsoft software that correspond to Mongolian   education sector policy development; (2) the conduct of round-table   discussions and research validation workshop on use of FOSS in education   sector, involving different strategic stakeholders in Mongolian   information and communications policy development (ICTA and attached   agencies, academy, key IT associations, NGOs and other civil society   organizations); and (3) print publication of the aforementioned paper,   including relevant outputs of the related round-table discussions and   validation workshops.",NA
1779,Article,SCORM AS THE TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FREE SOFTWARE EDUCATION IN VIRTUAL   LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS.,"The incorporation of software to educational field has resulted in a   thorough search in building applications that support the   teaching-learning process, which in turn allows the creation of tools   that are easy to transport and adapt to the characteristics of the   classroom or working group, the same way the introduction of Virtual   Learning Environments (EVA) systems teachings of Venezuelan universities   created a new space for the exploration and construction of tools that   enhance the educational activity. The University Romulo Gallegos, has   incorporated the Virtual Environment Learning Moodle, which provides a   set of tools for the development of academic activities, such as SCORM,   which is based on this investigation, which through the documentary   collection structure a manual with which teachers are able to develop   and implement SCORM packages into their teaching activities in the   Virtual Environment Learning Willing by the University.",NA
1780,Article,STRATEGIC FORKING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FREE/OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE,"The paper discusses a trend in the development of computer software   known as ``strategic forking.{''} This trend is an intrinsic feature of   today's ``open-source community,{''} according to Konat.   To begin with, the article defines the term ``source code{''} in   reference to software{''} and it also explains the terms ``open   source{''} and ``free software.{''} Moreover, it introduces the   definition of Free/Open-Source Software (FOSS). In the following part of   the article, Konat offers a microeconomic analysis of ``strategic   forking{''} to determine the motives guiding software engineers taking   part in FOSS projects. The problem is discussed from the perspective of   the theory of public goods, the demand-side approach to innovation, and   other theories concerned with issues such as ``hackers' ethic{''} and   ``ego boosting.{''} Konat pays special attention to describing the   ``strategic forking{''} phenomenon with the use of classical   microeconomic and enterprise theory tools developed by researchers Jean   Tirole and Josh Lerner.   The author follows up with a comprehensive analysis of strategic forking   as a key to explaining a fundamental discrepancy in the assessment of   the motives that guide programmers taking part in the development of   open-source software. The analysis focuses on the definition of   strategic forking, the conditions determining this trend and its direct   causes. Konat also looks at the implications of strategic forking and   the factors due to which this approach has not become more widespread   around the world.   The article closes with a review of issues that require further   analysis, according to Konat. These include the issue of software   distribution.",NA
1781,Article,Self-organization process in open-source software: An empirical study,"Software systems must continually evolve to adapt to new functional   requirements or quality requirements to remain competitive in the   marketplace. However, different software systems follow different   strategies to evolve, affecting both the release plan and the quality of   these systems. In this paper, software evolution is considered as a   self-organization process and the difference between closed-source   software and open-source software is discussed in terms of   self-organization. In particular, an empirical study of the evolution of   Linux from version 2.4.0 to version 2.6.13 is reported. The study shows   how open-source software systems self-organize to adapt to functional   requirements and quality requirements. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2007.02.018
1783,Article,Should {You} {Adopt} {Open} {Source} {Software}?,"Organizations have increasingly adopted open source software (OSS) as an essential part of their IT infrastructure. However, several reports and articles contain contradicting claims on the advantages and disadvantages of using OSS. This article describes how decision makers can interpret these reports. The authors performed a case study involving 10 Belgian organizations to support their conclusions from a review of the professional and academic literature. This article can provide decision makers with more insight into whether, when, and how to adopt OSS.",10.1109/MS.2008.73
1784,InProceedings,Software Architecture Relevance in Open Source Software Evolution: A Case Study,"Software architecture has received increasing attention of practitioners and researchers, since it has played a significant role in determining the success and quality of software systems. At the same time, the success of Open Source Software (OSS) has also sparked interest of researchers in the universities and in the software industry. OSS has been largely used and developed and, as a consequence, the OSS quality has been a concern and an interesting subject for researchers. However, in spite of narrow relation between software architecture and software quality, there is lack of more detailed works that investigate how software architecture can influence OSS quality. In this paper, we present a case study reporting how software architecture is directly related to OSS quality. We have hence proposed architecture refactoring activity in order to repair software architectures, aiming at improving mainly maintainability, functionality and usability of these systems.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.171
1786,Article,Squatting at the digital campfire - Researching the open source software   community,"This paper describes an internet-mediated netnography of the open source   software (OSS) community. A brief history of OSS is presented, along   with a discussion of the defining characteristics of the phenomenon. A   theoretical rationale for the method is then offered and several unique   features detailed. The evolution of the methodology in practice is   described and salient lessons highlighted. In addition to gathering a   large volume of rich data as intended, early phases of the   implementation of this method produced a number of unanticipated but   significant findings. The paper concludes by summarising the key   methodological considerations for conducting a phenomenology of a true   online community.",10.2501/S1470785308200079
1788,InCollection,THE BUG FIXING PROCESS IN PROPRIETARY AND FREE/LIBRE OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE A Coordination Theory Analysis,"To support business process transformation, we must first be able to   represent business processes in a way that allows us to compare and   contrast them or to design new ones. This chapter uses coordination   theory to analyze the bug fixing processes in the proprietary operating   system development group of a large minicomputer manufacturer and for   the Free/Libre Open Source Software Linux operating system kernel. Three   approaches to identifying dependencies and coordination mechanisms are   presented. Mechanisms analyzed include those for task assignment,   resource sharing, and managing dependencies between modules of source   code. The proprietary development organization assigned problem reports   to engineers based on the module that appeared to be in error, because   engineers only worked on particular modules. Alternative task assignment   mechanisms include assignment to engineers based on workload or   voluntary assignment, as in Linux. In the proprietary process, modules   of source code were not shared but, rather, were ``owned{''} by one   engineer, thus reducing the need for coordination. In Linux, where   multiple developers can work on the same modules, alternative resource   sharing mechanisms have been developed to manage source code. Finally,   the proprietary developers managed dependencies between modules   informally, relying on their personal knowledge of which other engineers   used their code. The Linux process allows developers to change code in   multiple modules, but emphasizes modularity to reduce the need to do so.   By helping in the identification of dependencies in the bug fixing   processes, drawing upon coordination theory streamlines bug fixing   activities of a large mini-computer manufacturer and for the Free/Libre   Open Source Software Linux operating system kernel.",NA
1789,Article,Teaching and building humanitarian open source software,"This hands-on workshop will introduce participants to the world of free and open source software (FOSS) development and how to incorporate FOSS into undergraduate computing curricula. We will focus on existing humanitarian FOSS projects that the presenters are involved with. Participants will learn how FOSS projects are organized and how to set up a small scale project at their own schools. Introduction will be provided to FOSS development tools, including Eclipse, Subversion, Media WIKI, and Trac. Participants will install a development environment on their laptops and build a simple module for an existing humanitarian FOSS project. See http://www.hfoss.org for further details.",NA
1790,Article,"The Basin of Mexico Hydrogeological Database (BMHDB):: Implementation,   queries and interaction with open source software","Integrated Water Management at the Basin level is a concept that was   introduced in the 1990s and is a goal in every national and local water   management plan. Unfortunately this goal has not been achieved mainly   due to a lack of both tools and data management, as data must be   gathered from different sources and in different formats. Compounding   this problem is the fact that in some regions different water agencies   are in charge of water supply as is the case in the Basin of Mexico, in   which Mexico City and its Metropolitan Zone are located. The inhabitants   of the Basin of Mexico, which comprises five different political   entities and in which different agencies are in charge of water supply   rely on the Basin's aquifer system as its main water supply source.   However, a regional hydrogeological database in this area does not exist   which is why the use of both a Relational Database Management System   (RDMBS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) is proposed in order   to improve regional data management in the study area. Data stored in   this new database, the Basin of Mexico Hydrogeological Database (BMHDB)   comprise data on climatological, borehole and run-off variables, readily   providing information for the development of hydrogeological models. A   simple example is used to show how geostatistical analysis can be done   using the data directly from the BMHDB. The structure of the BMHDB   allows easy maintenance and updating, representing a valuable tool for   the development of regional studies. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.02.012
1791,InProceedings,The Design of Mobile E-Business System Based on Open Source Software to   Small and Medium-sized Enterprise,"The Third generation mobile systems will be set up in the future not far   in China, there are a number of challenges in the mobile E-Business of   small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). To address this, we present   the mobile E-Business solution that is enhanced by using external   electronic security key and special authentication protocols.   Furthermore, we have developed a textile foreign trade mobile E-Business   system based on Open Source Software for the local textile distributor   of china integrating financial, distribution, sales and service   processes, given the implement method of overall planning, step-by-step   implementation, key breakthrough, and efficiency guiding. In the end, we   give all kinds of test case to mobile E-Business, and analyze the   performance test result in the simulation machine environment, point out   the development trend of E-Business system based on Open Source Software   in the future.",NA
1792,InProceedings,The Design of Mobile E-Business System Based on Open Source Software to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise,"The Third generation mobile systems will be set up in the future not far in China, there are a number of challenges in the mobile E-Business of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). To address this, we present the mobile E-Business solution that is enhanced by using external electronic security key and special authentication protocols. Furthermore, we have developed a textile foreign trade mobile E-Business system based on Open Source Software for the local textile distributor of china integrating financial, distribution, sales and service processes, given the implement method of overall planning, step-by-step implementation, key breakthrough, and efficiency guiding. In the end, we give all kinds of test case to mobile E-Business, and analyze the performance test result in the simulation machine environment, point out the development trend of E-Business system based on Open Source Software in the future.",10.1109/ICMECG.2008.30
1793,InProceedings,The NG-OSS evolution of telecom service providers: From network-focused   to customers-focused,"Now, the telecom service providers are faced with significant challenges   as the traditional separated network and service become converged,   Customers move to care more about the quality of service, such as the   provision time, fault disposal, bill management, and security issues,   other than networks. The carriers must integrate their core legacy   mainframe operation support systems (OSS) with new generation components   that can handle the requirements posed by new service offerings, which   means the NG-OSS should pay attention to customers rather than networks.   This paper examines the legacy OSS frame with its main component and   analysis which part should be weakened or converged, and which part   should be enhanced or updated. Then it suggests a more idealized view of   a functional OSS architecture that conforms to the concepts of the   TeleManagement Forum's Telecom Operations Map (TOM) model. In the last,   it discusses bow to evolve the OSS from the network-focused to   customers-focused successfully and smoothly.",NA
1795,InProceedings,The SQO-OSS quality model: Measurement based open source software   evaluation,"Software quality evaluation has always been an important part of   software business. The quality evaluation process is usually based on   hierarchical quality models that measure various aspects of software   quality and deduce a characterization of the product quality being   evaluated. The particular nature of open source software has rendered   existing models inappropriate for detailed quality evaluations. In this   paper, we present a hierarchical quality model that evaluates source   code and community processes, based on automatic calculation of metric   values and their correlation to a set of predefined quality profiles.",NA
1796,InProceedings,The Study on Innovation Mechanism of Open Source Software Community,"This paper intends to analyze the innovation mechanism of open source   community in view of system engineering, economics and ecology. Firstly,   the concept of open source production is proposed and defined on the   basis of system engineering, and then the economic characteristics of   open source are put forward and summarized through the analysis of the   difference of production structure between open source software and   proprietary software. Subsequently, the ``innovation entropy{''} is   proposed to measure the efficacy of community innovation and the   mechanism is further revealed according to dissipative structure and   complex science theory.",NA
1797,Article,The allocation of collaborative efforts in open-source software,"The article investigates the allocation of collaborative efforts among   core developers (maintainers) of open-source software by analyzing   on-line development traces (logs) for a set of 10 large projects.   Specifically, we investigate whether the division of labor within   open-source projects is influenced by characteristics of software code.   We suggest that the collaboration among maintainers tends to be   influenced by different measures of code complexity. We interpret these   findings by providing preliminary evidence that the organization of   open-source software development would self-adapt to characteristics of   the code base, in a `stigmergic' manner. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.003
1799,InProceedings,The heterogeneous world of proprietary and open-source software,"Understanding the evolution of a complex, competitive environment is always easier in hindsight, but today's CIOs and government policymakers don't have the luxury of retrospection when it comes to the volatile world of enterprise software. High-caliber decisions require a clear-sighted, non-dogmatic grasp of the contexts in which government enterprises today deploy both proprietary and open-source software in heterogeneous IT environments. This article addresses the topic, and describes ways in which proprietary and open-source software developers are drawing upon each other's development, licensing and business models. The article illustrates how today's IT world is no longer an ""either/or"" world in which customers and vendors chose to be either proprietary or open source. Instead, it is an attractive world of ""both/and"" as the lines between proprietary and open source have, making interoperable deployments almost inevitable in many if not most cases.",10.1145/1509096.1509143
1800,Article,The impact of ideology on the organizational adoption of open source   software,"Previous research has shown that the open source movement shares a   common ideology. Employees belonging to the open source movement often   advocate the use of open source software within their organization.   Hence, their belief in the underlying open source software ideology may   influence the decision making on the adoption of open source software.   This may result in an ideological-rather than pragmatic-decision. A   recent study has shown that American organizations are quite pragmatic   in their adoption decision. We argue that there may be circumstances in   which there is more opportunity for ideological behavior. We therefore   investigated the organizational adoption decision in Belgian   organizations. Our results indicate that most organizations are   pragmatic in their decision making. However, we have found evidence that   suggests that the influence of ideology should not be completely   disregarded in small organizations.",10.4018/jdm.2008040103
1801,Article,The institutions of open source software: Examining the Debian community,"Free and open source software activities involve and, perhaps, evolve   institutions (rules, norms and standards) that influence the formation,   growth, and demise of communities. Community institutions are attractors   for some individuals while discouraging other individuals from entering   or continuing to participate. Their suitability may change as a   community grows. This paper examines the institutions of the Debian   community where issues of community identity, distribution of authority,   and decentralisation have facilitated growth and development. These same   institutions have also resulted in conflicts regarding community   purposes and the quality and delivery of the community's output. We   examine the institutional redesign undertaken to address these problems   and derive implications for F/LOS communities and companies. (C) 2008   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.001
1803,Article,The penguin has entered the building: The commercialization of open   source software products,"Previous literature on open source software ( OSS) mostly analyzes   organizational issues within communities of developers and users. This   paper focuses on for-profit torganizations that release software   products under OSS licenses, and argues that variations in their   endowments of intellectual property rights, namely patents and   trademarks, help to determine which firms will tend to incorporate OSS   into commercial products. We explain whether and under what conditions   preexisting stocks of intellectual property rights can be useful   complementary assets that allow firms to benefit directly or indirectly   from commercializing OSS products, and test our hypotheses on a novel   data set built on firms' announcements of OSS product releases in the   specialized press between 1995 and 2003. We find three robust results: (   a) firms with large stocks of software patents are more likely to   release OSS products; ( b) firms with large stocks of software   trademarks are less likely to release OSS products; ( c) firms with   large stocks of hardware trademarks are more likely to release OSS   products.",10.1287/orsc.1070.0321
1806,Article,"The {Poverty} of {Networks}: {The} {Wealth} of {Networks} by {Yochai} {Benkler} {New} {Haven}, {CT}: {Yale} {University} {Press}, 2007, pp. 515, {ISBN} 0 300 12577 1, pbk {L11}.99 {Decoding} {Liberation}: {The} {Promise} of {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} by {Samir} {Chopra} and {Scott} {Dexter} {New} {York}: {Routledge}, 2008, pp. 232, {ISBN} 0 415 97893 4, hbk {L60}.00 {The} {Exploit}: {A} {Theory} of {Networks} by {Alexander} {Galloway} and {Eugene} {Thacker} {Minneapolis}: {Minnesota} {University} {Press}, 2007, pp. 256, {ISBN} 0 816 65044 6, pbk {L12}.00","The use of networks as an explanatory framework is widespread in the literature that surrounds technology and information society. The three books reviewed here -- The Wealth of Networks by Yochai Benkler, Decoding Liberation: The Promise of Free and Open Source Software by Samir Chopra and Scott Dexter, and The Exploit: A Theory of Networks by Alexander Galloway and Eugene Thacker -- all make a claim to the novelty that networks provide to their subject matter. By looking closely at the way in which the network is utilized in each of the texts, this review attempts to question the extent to which a network analysis can ground a claim about a discontinuity in technology, society or economics. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright.]",10.1177/0263276408097813
1807,InProceedings,To what extent does it pay to approach open source software for a big   Telco Player?,"In this paper we describe the strategy under adoption in Telecom Italia   (TI) Technology Department toward open Source software. This stems from   trying to create synergy among big Telco Player to increase knowledge   and influence over strategic communities to the evaluation of the   creation of new communities over internally developed applications. In   particular here the approach and the expectations in starting the   community on WADE (Workflow and Agent Development Environment) is   described. This is a platform used to develop mission critical   applications and is the main evolution of JADE a popular Open Source   framework for the development of interoperable intelligent multi-agent   systems. It adds to JADE the support for the execution of tasks defined   according to the workflow metaphor as well as a number of mechanisms   that help managing the complexity of the distribution both in terms of   administration and fault tolerance. The idea is to use WADE as a mean to   gather critical information on the opportunity of approaching OS as a   strategic mean toward the development of always more important   application in Operating Support System for TI, possibly also involving   other great Telco Players For this reason great care is being paid in   setting up the Community environment and in deciding which metrics are   to be extracted from it, since the result will be the input for a   strategic decision in TI.",NA
1808,InProceedings,Tools for Supporting Hybrid Learning Strategies in Open Source Software Environments,"In this paper, we illustrate how a cooperative learning paradigm may benefit from cutting edge e-learning techniques. We use Web 2.0 resources (especially AJAX) to fulfill requirements for an interactive-constructivistic ""learning space"", extending an existing Free/Open Source Software Learning Management System, to create a cooperative and community-based learning space adherent to our proposal. The paper shows also how to use our toolset on two case studies.",10.1007/978-3-540-85170-7_29
1809,InProceedings,Tools for supporting hybrid learning strategies in Open Source Software   environments,"In this paper, we illustrate how a cooperative learning paradigm may   benefit from cutting edge e-learning techniques. We use Web 2.0   resources (especially AJAX) to fulfill requirements for an   interactive-constructivistic ``learning space{''}, extending an existing   Free/Open Source Software Learning Management System, to create a   cooperative and community-based learning space adherent to our proposal.   The paper shows also how to use our toolset on two case studies.",NA
1810,InProceedings,Towards a Process Maturity Model for Open Source Software,"For traditional software development, process maturity models (CMMI, SPICE) have long been used to assess product quality and project predictability. For OSS, on the other hand, these models are generally perceived as inadequate. In practice, though, many OSS communities are well-organized, and there is evi-dence of process maturity in OSS projects. This position paper presents work in progress on developing a process maturity model specifically for OSS projects.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.47
1811,InProceedings,Towards a global research infrastructure for multidisciplinary study of   Free/Open Source Software development,"The Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) research community is growing   across and within multiple disciplines. This community faces a new and   unusual situation. The traditional difficulties of gathering enough   empirical data have been replaced by issues of dealing with enormous   amounts of freely available public data from many disparate sources   (online discussion forums, source code directories, bug reports, OSS Web   portals, etc.). Consequently, these data are being discovered, gathered,   analyzed, and used to support multidisciplinary research. However at   present, no means exist for assembling these data under common access   points and frameworks for comparative, longitudinal, and collaborative   research across disciplines. Gathering and maintaining large F/OSS data   collections reliably and making them usable present several research   challenges. For example, current projects usually rely on direct access   to, and mining of raw data from groups that generate it, and both of   these methods require unique effort for each new corpus, or even for   updating existing corpora. In this paper, we identify several needs and   critical factors in F/OSS empirical research across disciplines, and   suggest recommendations for design of a global research infrastructure   for multi-disciplinary research into F/OSS development.",NA
1812,Article,Understanding knowledge sharing activities in free/open source software   projects: An empirical study,"Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) projects are people-oriented and   knowledge intensive software development environments. Many researchers   focused on mailing lists to study coding activities of software   developers. How expert software developers interact with each other and   with non-developers in the use of community products have received   little attention. This paper discusses the altruistic sharing of   knowledge between knowledge providers and knowledge seekers in the   Developer and User mailing lists of the Debian project. We analyze the   posting and replying activities of the participants by counting the   number of email messages they posted to the lists and the number of   replies they made to questions others posted. We found out that   participants interact and share their knowledge a lot, their positing   activity is fairly highly correlated with their replying activity, the   characteristics of posting and replying activities are different for   different kinds of lists, and the knowledge sharing activity of   self-organizing Free/Open Source communities could best be explained in   terms of what we called ``Fractal Cubic Distribution{''} rather than the   power-law distribution mostly reported in the literature. The paper also   proposes what could be researched in knowledge sharing activities in   F/OSS projects mailing list and for what purpose. The research findings   add to ` our understanding of knowledge sharing activities in F/OSS   projects. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2007.03.086
1813,Article,User acceptance model of open source software,"The development and implementation of open source software (OSS) is one   of the most current topics within the academic, business and political   environments. Traditionally, research in OSS has focused on identifying   individual personal motives for participating in the development of an   OSS project, analyzing specific OSS solutions, or the OSS movement,   itself. Nevertheless, user acceptance towards this type of technology   has received very little attention. For this reason, the main purpose of   the current study is to identify the variables and factors that have a   direct effect on individual attitude towards OSS adoption. Therefore, we   have developed a technological acceptance model on behalf of the users   towards a solution based on OSS. For this development, we have   considered the technology acceptance model. Findings show that OSS is a   viable solution for information management for organizations. (C) 2007   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.chb.2007.10.006
1814,Article,User and developer mediation in an Open Source Software community:   Boundary spanning through cross participation in online discussions,"The aim of this research is to analyse how design and use are mediated   in Open Source Software (OSS) design. Focusing on the Python community,   our study examines a ``pushed-by-users{''} design proposal through the   discussions occurring in two mailing-lists: one, user-oriented and the   other, developer-oriented. To characterize the links between users and   developers, we investigate the activities and references (knowledge   sharing) performed by the contributors to these two mailing-lists. We   found that the participation of users remains local to their community.   However, several key participants act as boundary spanners between the   user and the developer communities. This emerging role is characterized   by cross-participation in parallel same-topic discussions in both   mailing-lists, cohesion between cross-participants, the occupation of a   central position in the social network linking users and developers, as   well as active, distinctive and adapted contributions. The user   championing the proposal acts as a key boundary spanner coordinating the   process and using explicit linking strategies. We argue that OSS design   may be considered as a form of ``role emerging design{''}, i.e. design   organized and pushed through emerging roles and through a balance   between these roles. The OSS communities seem to provide a suitable   socio-technical environment to enable such role emergence. (C) 2007   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.008
1815,InProceedings,Using open source software in simulation: the IDF GF Battle Lab experience,"One of the major challenges the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Ground Forces (GF) Battle Lab (BL) has been facing in recent years is the introduction of new simulation technologies and methods, under tight development schedule constraints. Introducing new technologies requires a ""proof of concept"" process in order to decide on the profitability of further development. Using Open Source software solutions in the BL helped make this process quicker and more efficient.The BL has been developing its proprietary Computer Generated Forces (CGF) for approximately 10 years. This CGF is mainly intended for simulating ground entities and has various capabilities for autonomous movement. Over the years, as the visual systems have improved and due to the introduction of urban environments simulation, the need for realistic movement characteristics, especially human, became important. An in-house solution, developed by the CGF team, appeared to consume too much development effort and was not extendable enough. After analyzing the problem and reviewing various third-party solutions, the CGF team decided on using an Open Source (OS) library called OpenSteer.Until recently, ground vehicle simulations in the BL used a low fidelity non-physical movement mode, based on ground clamping. In 2006 the BL got involved in research areas related to Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and human-robotics interactions. During early research stages it became clear that it would be necessary to simulate the UGV dynamics in higher fidelity than was done before. The development team decided to initiate the ""proof of concept"" process before full scale development. Therefore a quick solution for a high-fidelity vehicle simulation was searched for. After a brief review of third party solutions, an OS library, Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) was chosen. Developing a UGV simulation required an autonomous movement model which appeared to have similar characteristics to the one developed by the CGF team based on OpenSteer. Since OpenSteer was not originally intended for simulating rigid-body vehicles, the development team faced the challenge of integrating both products, OpenSteer and ODE. This paper will describe the steps taken in order to assimilate OS products in the BL simulation test-bed and lessons learned.",NA
1816,InProceedings,Using social network analysis techniques to study collaboration between   a FLOSS community and a company,"Because of the sheer volume of information available in FLOSS   repositories, simple analysis have to face the problems of filtering the   relevant information. Hence, it is essential to apply methodologies that   highlight that information for a given aspect of the project. In this   paper, some techniques from the social sciences have been used on data   from version control systems to extract information about the   development process of FLOSS projects with the aim of highlighting   several processes that occur in FLOSS projects and that are difficult to   obtain by other means. In particular, the collaboration between the   FLOSS community and a company has been studied by selecting two projects   as case studies. The results highlight aspects such as efficiency in the   development process, release management and leadership turnover.",NA
1817,Article,Validation of two complementary oral-health related quality of life   indicators (OIDP and OSS 0-10) in two qualitatively distinct samples of   the Spanish population,"Background: Oral health-related quality of life can be assessed   positively, by measuring satisfaction with mouth, or negatively, by   measuring oral impact on the performance of daily activities. The study   objective was to validate two complementary indicators, i.e., the OIDP   (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) and Oral Satisfaction 0-10 Scale   (OSS), in two qualitatively different socio-demographic samples of the   Spanish adult population, and to analyse the factors affecting both   perspectives of well-being.   Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, recruiting a Validation   Sample from randomly selected Health Centres in Granada (Spain),   representing the general population (n = 253), and a Working Sample (n =   561) randomly selected from active Regional Government staff, i. e.,   representing the more privileged end of the socio-demographic spectrum   of this reference population. All participants were examined according   to WHO methodology and completed an inperson interview on their oral   impacts and oral satisfaction using the OIDP and OSS 0-10 respectively.   The reliability and validity of the two indicators were assessed. An   alternative method of describing the causes of oral impacts is   presented.   Results: The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the OIDP was   above the recommended 0.7 threshold in both Validation and Occupational   samples (0.79 and 0.71 respectively). Test-retest analysis confirmed the   external reliability of the OSS (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient,   0.89; p < 0.001) Some subjective factors (perceived need for dental   treatment, complaints about mouth and intermediate impacts) were   strongly associated with both indicators, supporting their construct and   criterion validity. The main cause of oral impact was dental pain.   Several socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical variables were   identified as modulating factors.   Conclusion: OIDP and OSS are valid and reliable subjective measures of   oral impacts and oral satisfaction, respectively, in an adult Spanish   population. Exploring simultaneously these issues may provide useful   insights into how satisfaction and impact on well-being are constructed.",10.1186/1477-7525-6-101
1818,Article,Virtual laboratory of free software for libraries,"The selection of a library management system is often affected by   social, economic and political conditions that may result in an   inappropriate choice for a library's needs, characteristics and   functions. Free software, or freeware, is one of the more often selected   solutions, given the freedom to copy, modify and distribute it in   addition to free licensing and the possibilities for integration with   other applications. This trend is reflected in librarianship curricula,   in which automation software, repository management software, and even   Linux/GNU, among others, are explained in a variety of courses. This   combination of organizational needs and freeware trends led a group of   professors from the Faculty of Library and Information Science (UB) and   members of the Work Group on Free Software for Information Professionals   (Cobdc) to create a virtual laboratory for the use of free software for   library applications, as a contribution to the professional community.",10.3145/epi.2008.ene.08
1819,InProceedings,Visualization and analysis of open source software evolution using an   evolution curve method,"Design and evolution of modern information systems is influenced by many   factors: technical, organizational, social. This is especially true for   open source software systems (OSSS), when many developers from different   backgrounds interact, share their ideas and contribute towards the   development and improvement of a software product. The evolution of an   OSSS is a continuous process of source code development, adaptation,   improvement and maintenance. Studying changes to the various   characteristics of source code can help us understand the evolution of a   software system. In this paper, the software evolution process is   analyzed using a proposed Evolution curve (E-curve) method, which is an   implementation language independent method based on information   theoretic metrics. The method allows identifying major evolution stages   of an analyzed software system. The application of E-curves is   illustrated for eMule, 7zip, and Grip OSSS.",NA
1820,InProceedings,VoIP Security regarding the Open Source Software Asterisk,"Enterprises and organizations improve their business processes and drop   their infrastructure cost by using Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology.   However, security aspects are often neglected. With the increasing merge   of application data and speech data within IP networks new challenges   arise for overall network and system security.   VoIP packets are being transmitted over a shared medium{''}, i.e., via a   network which is shared by numerous subscribers with different profiles   and for different services. Under certain conditions attackers can sniff   data on the communication path and record VoIP conversations.   This article will demonstrate existing security risks regarding the VoIP   technology and present viable solutions and concepts. In this context   VoIP standards will be analyzed with respect to their security   mechanisms. Because of its growing prevalence especially the open source   VoIP solution Asterisk{''} will be analyzed and evaluated against   typical security requirements.",NA
1821,Article,What can software engineering students learn from studying open source   software?,"There is a large gap between the scale anti complexity of typical   software products anti examples used in software engineering education.   Since complexity is considered tin essential property of software   systems, this gap creates a problem for software engineering students   anti educators. Studying open source software can provide software   engineering students with realistic anti challenging examples and   pragmatic instances of abstract concepts such as software design   patterns. For software engineering educators, the vast array of freely   available software sources allows selection to suit their educational   objectives and constraints. This paper reviews how open source software   is used in a software engineering studio course and discusses the   outcomes from the perspectives of students and educators.",NA
1822,Article,Why governments innovate: Adoption and implementation of open source   software by four European cities,"A growing number of governments will consider and even choose to migrate   to an alternative operating system that uses Free/Open Source Software   (FOSS). This research examines why governments choose to migrate and   what factors affect implementation. Drawing on a comparative case study   of four cities, I find that governments decide to migrate for a range of   factors, but are driven more by democratic values such as independence   and self-determination than by a desire to cut costs or save money. I   also find that implementation is affected by a variety factors but in   particular by information technology's place within a city's   organizational structure.",10.1080/10967490802095680
1823,InProceedings,Willingness to cooperate within the Open Source Software domain,"Open Source Software (OSS) is an increasingly hot topic in the business   domain. One of the key benefits mentioned is the unlimited access to the   source code, which enables large communities to continuously improve a   software application and prevents vendor lock-in. Flow attractive these   benefits may be, the market for OSS however remains limited. In the   Netherlands research consisting of 7 interviews and a survey among 206   Open Source Software Service providers (with a 34\\% response rate) was   done to determine whether service providers wanted to cooperate in all   Association that will set quality levels and guarantees to its members   and their customers.",NA
1824,InProceedings,Work in Progress - Challenges to Educating Students within the Community   of Open Source Software for Humanity,"This WIP describes the challenges faced by the SoftHum (Student   Participation in the Community of Open Source Software for Humanity)   project in incorporating undergraduates in Humanitarian Free and Open   Source Software (H-FOSS) projects. The goal of SoftHum is to develop   course-level support for the use of H-FOSS as a foundation for software   engineering education. Such support will take the form of course   materials and a process to support student success in a community-based   software experience using H-FOSS, and the documentation of a classroom   environment that supports student open source experience. We present a   brief overview of the project, discuss the challenges we face in   involving students in H-FOSS projects, and present our current progress.",NA
1826,InProceedings,eResearch workflows for studying free and open source software   development,"This paper introduces eResearch workflow tools as a model for the   research community studying free and open Source software and its   development. The paper first introduces eResearch as increasingly   practiced in fields such as astrophysics and biology, then contrasts the   practice of research on free and open source software. After Outlining   suitable research data sets the paper introduces a class of tools known   as scientific workflow frameworks, focusing on one-Taverna-and   introducing its features. To further explain the tool a complete   workflow used for original research oil FLOSS is described. Finally the   paper considers the trade-offs inherent in these tools.(1).",NA
1827,Article,{OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE} {FOUNDATIONS},"Communities that develop open source software (OSS) are virtual entities on the Internet, not legal entities. Some open source communities establish open source software foundations (OSSF) in order to protect their intellectual property and carry out contractual arrangements. As legal entities, OSSF help communities attain their long-term goals, hold community assets, provide resources to communities, and balance interests amongst different stakeholders. When OSS started to draw more business interests, commercial companies became involved with open source communities. The emergence of OSSF provides a good platform and opportunities for companies to exert their influence in a more direct way. This article summarizes the author's recent research regarding the relationships between company involvement, governance, revenue, and OSSF. Key findings in the research reported in this article contribute to the existing literature on open source and non-profits. The findings suggest practitioners of OSSF need to select a proper governance structure and corresponding strategies to achieve their goals.",NA
1828,Article,{OSS} {FOR} {CORPORATE} {IT},"This article introduces the Enterprise Open Source (EOS) Directory, a resource which was designed to help corporations accustomed to evaluating commercial closed source software find enterprise -- ready open source solutions. OSS continues to gain momentum worldwide due to its low entry barrier, high quality and customizability. More information technology (IT) decision makers are favoring OSS over traditional packaged software as it becomes more aligned with organizational needs. OSS is now part of the IT mainstream, supporting many of the world's largest companies and government institutions. The role of OSS continues to expand, from deep within the infrastructure to the key applications that drive a business. Proprietary software vendors have sales and marketing teams to inform their customer base and provide detailed responses to RFIs (Requests for Information), RFPs (Requests for Proposal) or RFQs (Requests for Quotation). While many open source products and projects do not measure up to the EQS Directory standards, they can still be used in certain situations.",NA
1829,Article,{QUALIFICATION} \\& {SELECTION} {OF} {OSS},"For a company, the choice to opt for software as a component of its information system, whether this software is open source or commercial, rests on the analysis of needs and constraints and on the adequacy of the software to address these needs and constraints. However, when one plans to study the adequacy of open source software (OSS), it is necessary to have a method of qualification and selection adapted to the characteristics of this type of software and to precisely examine the constraints and risks specific to OSS. Since the open source field has a very broad scope, it is also necessary to use a qualification method that differentiates between numerous candidates to meet technical, functional and strategic requirements. The vast amount of available OSS software requires a methodology to allow for the evaluation of potential candidates to meet business requirements. The QSOS methodology allows for an iterative needs analysis for gauging the technical, functional, and strategic capabilities of OSS products.",NA
1831,InProceedings,<i>D<sub>n</sub></i>-based Architecture Assessment of Java Open Source   Software Systems,"Since their introduction in 1994 the Martin's metrics became popular in   assessing object-oriented software architectures. While one of the   Martin metrics, normalised distance from the main sequence D-n, has been   originally designed with assessing individual packages, it has also been   applied to assess quality of entire software architectures. The approach   itself, however, has never been studied.   In this paper we take the first step to formalising the Debased   architecture assessment of Java Open Source software. We present two   aggregate measures: average normalised distance from the train sequence   D, and parameter of the fitted statistical model a. Applying these   measures to a carefully selected collection of benchmarks we obtain a   set of reference values that can be used to assess quality of a system   architecture. Furthermore, we show that applying the same measures to   different versions of the same system provides valuable insights in   system architecture evolution.",10.1109/ICPC.2009.5090043
1832,Article,"<i>Sexual Selection</i>, <i>Automata and Ethics in George   Eliot</i>'<i>s</i> The Mill on the Floss <i>and Olive   Schreiner</i>'<i>s</i> Undine <i>and</i> From Man to Man","This paper brings together two related areas of debate in the latter   half of the nineteenth century. The first concerns how the courtship   plot of the nineteenth-century novel responded to, and helped to shape,   scientific ideas of sexual competition and selection. In The Mill on the   Floss (1860), George Eliot strikingly prefigures Darwin's later work on   sexual selection, drawing from her own extensive knowledge of the wider   debates within which evolutionary theory developed. Maggie Tulliver's   characterisation allows Eliot to explore the ethical complexities raised   by an increasingly powerful scientific naturalism, where biology is seen   to be embedded within morality in newly specific ways. The second strand   of the paper examines the extension of scientific method to human mind   and motivation which constituted the new psychology. It argues that   there are crucial continuities of long-established ethical and religious   ideas within this increasingly naturalistic view of human mind and   motivation. The contention that such ideas persist and are transformed,   rather than simply jettisoned, is illustrated through the example of   Thomas Henry Huxley's 1874 essay on automata. Turning finally to focus   on Olive Schreiner's Undine (1929) and From Man to Man (1926), the paper   explores the importance of these persistent ethical and religious ideas   in two novels which remained unpublished during her lifetime. It argues   that they produce both difficulty and opportunity for imagining love   plots within the context of increasingly assertive biological and   naturalistic accounts of human beings.",10.3366/E1355550209000587
1833,InProceedings,"A Comparative Analysis of Open Source Software Usage in Germany, Brazil,   and India","This paper reviews the recent activities of Open Source Software (OSS)   adoptions by governments, education sectors, and businesses in Germany,   Brazil, and India. It looks at their motivation and focuses on the   selected developments of OSS. Typical applications will be discussed as   well as consequences from using OSS.",10.1109/ICCIT.2009.169
1835,InProceedings,A METHOD OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON BAYESIAN NETWORK FOR AN   EMBEDDED OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"The current software development environment has been changing into new   development paradigms such as concurrent distributed development   environment and the so-called open project by using network computing   technologies. New distributed development paradigm typified by Such open   source project. will evolve at a rapid pace in the future. Especially,   OSS (Open Source Software) systems which serve as key components of   critical infrastructures in the society are still ever-expanding now.   We focus on OSS developed under open source project. In this paper, in   order to consider the effect of each software component on the   reliability of art entire system under such open source software, we   propose a method of reliability assessment based oil the bayesian   network for OSS. Especially, we assume that the software failure   intensity depends on the time, and the software fault-report phenomena   on the bug tracking system keep an irregular state. Also, we analyze   actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of software   reliability assessment for the OSS.",NA
1838,InProceedings,A Stigmergy Approach for Open Source Software Developer Community Simulation,"The stigmergy collaboration approach provides a hypothesized explanation about how online groups work together. In this research, we presented a stigmergy approach for building an agent based open source software (OSS) developer community collaboration simulation. We used group of actors who collaborate on OSS projects as our frame of reference and investigated how the choices actors make in contribution their work on the projects determinate the global status of the whole OSS projects. In our simulation, the forum posts and project codes served as the digital pheromone and the modified Pierre-Paul Grasse pheromone model is used for computing developer agent behaviors selection probability.",10.1109/CSE.2009.288
1839,InProceedings,A Survey of Usability Practices in Free/Libre/Open Source Software,"A review of case studies about usability in eight Free/Libre/Open Source   Software (FLOSS) projects showed that an important issue regarding a   usability initiative in the project was the lack of user research. User   research is a key component in the user-centered design (UCD) process   and a necessary step for creating usable products. Reasons why FLOSS   projects suffered from a lack of user research included poor or unclear   project leadership, cultural differences between developer and   designers, and a lack of usability engineers. By identifying these   critical issues, the FLOSS usability community can begin addressing   problems in the efficacy of usability activities and work towards   creating more usable FLOSS products.",NA
1840,InProceedings,A Time-Lag Analysis for Improving Communication among OSS Developers,"In the open source software (OSS) development environment, a communication time-lag among developers is more likely to happen due to time differences among locations of developers and differences of working hours for OSS development. A means for effective communication among OSS developers has been increasingly demanded in recent years, since an OSS product and its users requires a prompt response to issues such as defects and security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose an analysis method for observing the time-lag of communication among developers in an OSS project and then facilitating the communication.",10.1007/978-3-642-14888-0_13
1841,InProceedings,A Web-Based Installation Manual Management System for Open Source Software,"In this paper, we propose a Web-based system to manage the created manuals so that users can easily use them. By incorporating the analogous manual search algorithm after investigating command changes under different environments, our system is able to show similar manuals if no existing manual matches to the search condition.Besides, we propose the installation guidance function to avoid mistakes by users. It monitors the input commands by a user, and displays the correct commands with the error message if a mistake is found. The experimental results in installing OSS packages by novice users confirm the effectiveness our proposal.",10.1109/NCM.2009.183
1843,Article,A {Note} on {Knowledge} {Creation} in {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Projects}: {What} {Can} {We} {Learn} from {Luhmann}'s {Theory} of {Social} {Systems}?,"We use the sociological systems theory proposed by Niklas Luhmann to complement a socially-oriented view of knowledge with the role of technical infrastructure in knowledge creation. We highlight the self-referential character of knowledge creation and draw upon illustrative examples from open-source software. We discuss why knowledge creation processes are often prone to breakdown and propose three conditions that may stabilize knowledge creation processes: perceptibility, systemic memory, and modularity. Adapted from the source document.",10.1007/s11213-009-9139-7
1845,Article,ABCD: a new FOSS library automation solution based on ISIS,The new ABCD software for free and open library automation with ISIS is   presented with its technological and practical characteristics. As a   web-based integrated solution it combines most (if not all) functions of   other systems such as KOHA with the flexibility of the (Win) ISIS   software to create and handle databases of any structure. The main   technical characteristics as well as some managerial issues are briefly   presented. The planning on the further work is discussed along with some   challenges related to the specific nature of the ISIS users community.,10.1177/0266666908101265
1846,Article,AN EMBEDDED OSS RELIABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATING   IMPERFECT DEBUGGING,"As a result of the technological progress, software development   environment has changed into development paradigm based on client/server   systems by using network computing technologies. Network technologies   have made rapid progress with the dissemination of computer systems in   all areas. These network technologies become increasingly more complex   in a wide sphere. Especially, open source software systems which serve   as key components of critical infrastructures in the society are still   ever-expanding now.   In this paper, we propose a method of software reliability assessment   based on stochastic differential equations. Especially, we derive   several assessment measures in terms of imperfect debugging. Also, we   analyze actual software fault-count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for an embedded open source software.   Further, it has been necessary to manage the software development   process in terms of reliability, effort, and release time. Then, we find   the optimal release time based on the total expected software   maintenance effort.",10.1142/S0218539309003459
1847,Article,Adopting Open-Source Software Applications in US Higher Education: A   Cross-Disciplinary Review of the Literature,Higher Education institutions in the United States are considering Open   Source software applications such as the Moodle and Sakai course   management systems and the Kuali financial system to build integrated   learning environments that serve both academic and administrative needs.   Open Source is presumed to be more flexible and less costly than   commercial software. This article reviews the literature from the fields   of Software Engineering and Education to determine the state of the   current body of knowledge around the key drivers of Open Source   adoption. The author discusses gaps in the literature and identifies   opportunities for more rigorous research to measure the effectiveness of   Open Source software in creating a balance between sound pedagogy and   business efficiencies.,10.3102/0034654308325691
1848,InProceedings,An Analysis Method for Improving a Bug Modification Process in Open   Source Software Development,"As open source software products have evolved over time to satisfy a   variety of demands from increasing users, they have become large and   complex in general. Open source developers often face with challenges in   fixing a considerable amount of bugs which are reported into a bug   tracking system on a daily basis. As a result, he mean time to resolve   bugs has been protracted in these days. In order to reduce the mean time   to resolve bugs, managers/leaders of open source projects need to   identify and understand the bottleneck of a bug modification process in   their own projects. In this paper, we propose an analysis method which   represents a bug modification process using a bug tracking system as a   state transition diagram and then calculates the amount of time required   to transit between states. We have conducted a case study using Firefox   and Apache project data to confirm the usefulness of the analysis   method. From the results of the case study, we have found that the   method helped to reveal that both of the projects took a lot of time to   verify results of bug modifications by developers.",10.1145/1595808.1595833
1849,InProceedings,An Argumentation Model to Support Free Software Virtual Communities,"The free software virtual communities use the forums to discuss their problems and generate knowledge, but the lack of a proper structure of this kind of interaction may hinder the participants to find what they want and to understand the discussion points. This paper describes an argument model proposed to organize discussions and facilitate access to knowledge generated in this context.",10.1109/SBSC.2009.17
1850,InProceedings,An Assurance Model for OSS Adoption in Next-Generation Telco   Environments,"The open source paradigm is giving rise to new methodologies,   competences and processes that need to be investigated both from the   technical and the organizational point of view. Many organizations are   investigating the possibility to adopt open source software or migrate   their systems to open frameworks also in critical environments. In this   paper, we shows how the assurance has been elevated as a primary design   requirement for organizations wishing to adopt open source products, and   we describe the experience of a big telecommunication player in the   process of implementing an assurance evaluation platform.",NA
1851,InProceedings,An Exploratory Study on the Two New Trends in Open Source Software: End-Users and Service,"Many have been envisaging the emergence of Open Source Software (OSS) for general end-users and the enhancements in providing services and support, as the most critical factors for OSS success, and at the same time, the most critical issues which are holding back the OSS movement. While these two distinct waves in OSS evolution have become more observable, researchers have not yet explored the characteristics of these two distinct new waves. The current study found evidence for these two waves and further explored the two waves by empirically examining two hundred projects hosted in Sourceforge.net. We compared the characteristics of OSS projects that are intended for two disparate audiences: developers and end-users and found that projects for end-users supported more languages but also had more restrictive licenses as compared to projects for developers.",10.1109/HICSS.2009.63
1854,Article,An informatics model for guiding assembly of telemicrobiology   workstations for malaria collaborative diagnostics using commodity   products and open-source software,"Background: Deficits in clinical microbiology infrastructure exacerbate   global infectious disease burdens. This paper examines how commodity   computation, communication, and measurement products combined with   open-source analysis and communication applications can be incorporated   into laboratory medicine microbiology protocols. Those commodity   components are all now sourceable globally. An informatics model is   presented for guiding the use of low-cost commodity components and free   software in the assembly of clinically useful and usable   telemicrobiology workstations.   Methods: The model incorporates two general principles: 1) collaborative   diagnostics, where free and open communication and networking   applications are used to link distributed collaborators for reciprocal   assistance in organizing and interpreting digital diagnostic data; and   2) commodity engineering, which leverages globally available consumer   electronics and open-source informatics applications, to build generic   open systems that measure needed information in ways substantially   equivalent to more complex proprietary systems. Routine microscopic   examination of Giemsa and fluorescently stained blood smears for   diagnosing malaria is used as an example to validate the model.   Results: The model is used as a constraint-based guide for the design,   assembly, and testing of a functioning, open, and commoditized   telemicroscopy system that supports distributed acquisition,   exploration, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of digital   microscopy images of stained malarial blood smears while also supporting   remote diagnostic tracking, quality assessment and diagnostic process   development.   Conclusion: The open telemicroscopy workstation design and use-process   described here can address clinical microbiology infrastructure deficits   in an economically sound and sustainable manner. It can boost capacity   to deal with comprehensive measurement of disease and care outcomes in   individuals and groups in a distributed and collaborative fashion. The   workstation enables local control over the creation and use of   diagnostic data, while allowing for remote collaborative support of   diagnostic data interpretation and tracking. It can enable global   pooling of malaria disease information and the development of open,   participatory, and adaptable laboratory medicine practices. The   informatic model highlights how the larger issue of access to generic   commoditized measurement, information processing, and communication   technology in both high-and low-income countries can enable diagnostic   services that are much less expensive, but substantially equivalent to   those currently in use in high-income countries.",10.1186/1475-2875-8-164
1856,InProceedings,Analysis of Open Source Software Development Iterations by Means of   Burst Detection Techniques,"A highly efficient bug fixing process and quick release cycles are   considered key properties of the open source software development   methodology. In this paper, we study the relation between code   activities (such as lines of code added per commit), bug fixing   activities, and software release dates in a subset of open source   projects. To study the phenomenon, we gathered a large data set about   the evolution of 5 major open source projects. We compared activities by   means of a burst detection technique to discover temporal peaks in   time-series. We found quick adaptation of issue tracking activities in   proximity of releases, and a distribution of coding activities across   releases. Results show the importance of the application type/domain for   the evaluation of the development process.",NA
1857,InProceedings,Analysis of Open Source Software Evolution Using Evolution Curve Method,"Design and evolution of modem information systems is influenced by many   factors: technical, organizational, social, and psychological. This is   especially true for open source software systems (OSSS), when many   developers from different backgrounds interact, share their ideas and   contribute towards the development and improvement of a software   product. The evolution of all OSSS is a continuous process of source   code development, adaptation, improvement and maintenance. Studying   changes to the various characteristics of source code can help us   understand the evolution of a software system. In this paper, the   software evolution process is analyzed using a proposed Evolution curve   (E-curve) method, which is based on information theoretic metrics of   source code. The method allows identifying major evolution stages and   transition points of an analyzed software system. The application of the   E-curves is demonstrated for the eMule system.",10.3233/978-1-58603-939-4-205
1858,Article,"Antecedents of open source software defects: A data mining approach to   model formulation, validation and testing","This paper develops tests and validates a model for the antecedents of   open source software (OSS) defects, using Data and Text Mining. The   public archives of OSS projects are used to access historical data on   over 5,000 active and mature OSS projects. Using domain knowledge and   exploratory analysis, a wide range of variables is identified from the   process, product, resource, and end-user characteristics of a project to   ensure that the model is robust and considers all aspects of the system.   Multiple Data Mining techniques are used to refine the model and data is   enriched by the use of Text Mining for knowledge discovery from   qualitative information. The study demonstrates the suitability of Data   Mining and Text Mining for model building. Results indicate that project   type, end-user activity, process quality, team size and project   popularity have a significant impact on the defect density of   operational OSS projects. Since many organizations, both for profit and   not for profit, are beginning to use Open Source Software as an economic   alternative to commercial software, these results can be used in the   process of deciding what software can be reasonably maintained by an   organization.",10.1007/s10799-009-0062-5
1860,Article,Barriers to Open Source Software Adoption in Quebec's Health Care   Organizations,We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 CIOs to identify the principal   impediments to adoption of open source software in the Quebec health   sector. We found that key factors for not adopting an open source   solution were closely linked to the orientations of ministry level   policy makers and a seeming lack of information on the part of   operational level IT managers concerning commercially oriented open   source providers. We use the case of recent changes in the structure of   Quebec's health care organizations and a change in the commercial   policies of a key vendor to illustrate our conclusions regarding   barriers to adoption of open source products.,10.1007/s10916-008-9158-4
1861,InProceedings,Bridging the Community Network Gap with FOSS and Mobile ISPs,"Community networks intrinsically rely on being able to deploy large scale projects with an explicit focus on cost effectiveness. As such, they often leverage not only open-source software, but also some proprietary solutions which, although closed source, may not command a licence fee. This paper briefly discusses an undergraduate project addressing a hardware solution integrating several open-source software projects into a cohesive structure. The platform, tentatively dubbed as a “Mobile ISP” – or mISP is a natural extension on the established Wireless ISP concept with a practical bent towards wire-free deployment and gateway connectivity. In addition it justifies a split micro-architecture approach and depicts further usage schemas for the device afforded by virtue of the extensibility it offers.",10.1109/NGMAST.2009.69
1863,InProceedings,Building a Service-Oriented ERP from an Open Source Software,"The opening and the interconnection of the enterprise information   systems, added to the unceasingly increasing changes of the software   environments, involve the development (designing) of flexible,   interoperable and distributed applications. Thus the existing software   systems must evolve to conform to these requirements. The model which   currently address this kind of concern is SOA (Service Oriented   Architecture). This article deals with the reuse of ADempiere within the   framework of the implementation of a service oriented ERP. To operate   the migration of the existing code, firstly we reconstituted the   architecture of this ERP. This operation made it possible to acquire the   technical knowledge necessary to develop services by injection of   dependence. The new software resulting from this operation distinctly   separates the presentation tier from the back-end. The back-end tier   exposes a set of Web services which encapsulates the code of ADempiere.   These services can either be in a synchronous way throughout the Spring   XFire technology, or in an asynchronous way through Apache ActiveMQ   technology.",10.1109/ICSEA.2009.14
1865,InProceedings,Building the Free/Libre Open Source Health Care (FLOSS-HC) Community: A   Strategy for Pushing Free/Libre Open Source in European Health Care,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is both a process of software   development and a method of licensing. Although FLOSS plays a   significant role in several market areas, the impact in the health care   arena is still limited. This is mainly due to the special requirements   and the different circumstances when compared to other market areas.   However, FLOSS is thought to be one of the most effective means to   overcome the fragmentation in the health care sector and provide a basis   for more efficient, timely and cost effective health care provision. In   this position paper I will give a short overview of FLOSS applications   in the health care sector, I will briefly discuss the special challenges   and the identified barriers that need to be overcome to push FLOSS in   health care. I will then describe a possible strategy that may help in   improving the situation for FLOSS in European health care.",NA
1866,InProceedings,CREATING OPEN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT BASED ON OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE   PROJECTS,"The paper discusses principles of open education as the main method of   effective education style for talented students. It is shown how   open-source software development projects can naturally implement these   principles for teaching software engineering courses. This is proved by   examples of successful open education environments created at the System   Programming sub-faculties of the two Russian top-ranked universities -   Moscow State University and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology   (Phystech). These sub-faculties are run jointly with the Institute for   System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the leading   Russian research \\& development government organization in the field of   software engineering.",NA
1868,InProceedings,Coordination and Productivity Issues in Free Software: the Role of   Brooks' Law,"Proponents of the Free Software paradigm have argued that some of the   most established software engineering principles do not fully apply when   considered in an open, distributed approach found in Free Software   development. The objective of this research is to empirically examine   the Brooks' Law in a Free Software context. The principle is separated   out into its two primary premises: the first is based on a developer's   ability to become productive when joining a new team; the second premise   relates to the quality of coordination as the team grows. Three large   projects are studied for this purpose: KDE, Plone and Evince.   Based on empirical evidence, the paper provides two main contributions:   based on the first premise of Brooks' Law, it claims that coordination   costs increase only in a very specific phase for Free Software projects.   After that, these costs become quasi-constant. Secondly, it shows that a   ramp up period exists in Free Software projects, and this period marks   the divide between projects that are successful at engaging new   contributors from others that only benefit from occasional new   contributors.",10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306308
1869,InProceedings,Customization of Open Source Software in Companies,"Most papers related to Open Source Software (OSS) discuss the   development of OSS, licensing issues, and motivations of developers.   Research in the area of customization of OSS is rare, however. The   process after the deployment of an OSS within a company remains unknown.   There is a danger that it is often unstructured and error-prone since   OSS develops in a more complex way than proprietary software. Based on   our literature study, modifications of open source code do occur also in   organizations outside of the software industry. Customization of   applications is more common than customization of infrastructure   software in these organizations. Therefore, we examine the process of   deployment and adaptation of an OSS application software over several   update iterations in great detail. This examination shows that this   process has similarities with the process of deployment of proprietary   software but it also exhibits important differences. Based on this case   study, we also suggest a process model for customization of OSS   applications in user organizations.",NA
1870,InProceedings,DVB-RCS Integration with the DISN OSS to provide Situational Awareness   and an End-to-End NetOps Solution,"With the continued evolution of technology in support of the Overseas   Contingency Operations (OCO), the need for effective Situational   Awareness (SA) and efficient Command \\& Control (C2) becomes   increasingly important for successful mission planning, management, and   execution. The Digital Video Broadcast Return Channel Satellite   (DVB-RCS) NetOps vision for remote management and monitoring aims to   provide visibility and Situational Awareness to required communities of   interest as well as the ability to view and configure all the   operational layers DVB-RCS, including the devices and technology,   operations and management, and missions and objectives.   An effective management and monitoring solution for DVB-RCS must provide   the capability to centrally manage and monitor the system, interoperate   between SATCOM and terrestrial networks, consolidate technology,   standardize processes, and be proactive rather than reactive. The DISN   OSS is DISA's enterprise-wide Service Oriented Architecture for   information sharing, management, and monitoring capabilities, based on   the Telecommunications Management Network industry standards. The DISN   OSS puts the information into the hands of the operators and system   managers while making the processes, tools, and technology transparent   to the consumer.   This paper examines how DVB-RCS implemented the NetOps Portal as an   immediate and interim solution to provide Situational Awareness to   CENTCOM, as well as how leveraging the DISN OSS can help DVB-RCS achieve   assured system and network availability, assured information protection,   and assured information delivery in support of high-bandwidth, two-way   services for the tactical Warfighter.",NA
1873,Article,Decon2LS: An open-source software package for automated processing and   visualization of high resolution mass spectrometry data,"Background: Data generated from liquid chromatography coupled to   high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS)based studies of a biological   sample can contain large amounts of biologically significant information   in the form of proteins, peptides, and metabolites. Interpreting this   data involves inferring the masses and abundances of biomolecules   injected into the instrument. Because of the inherent complexity of mass   spectral patterns produced by these biomolecules, the analysis is   significantly enhanced by using visualization capabilities to inspect   and confirm results. In this paper we describe Decon2LS, an open-source   software package for automated processing and visualization of   high-resolution MS data. Drawing extensively on algorithms developed   over the last ten years for ICR2LS, Decon2LS packages the algorithms as   a rich set of modular, reusable processing classes for performing   diverse functions such as reading raw data, routine peak finding,   theoretical isotope distribution modelling, and deisotoping. Because the   source code is openly available, these functionalities can now be used   to build derivative applications in relatively fast manner. In addition,   Decon2LS provides an extensive set of visualization tools, such as high   performance chart controls.   Results: With a variety of options that include peak processing,   deisotoping, isotope composition, etc, Decon2LS supports processing of   multiple raw data formats. Deisotoping can be performed on an individual   scan, an individual dataset, or on multiple datasets using batch   processing. Other processing options include creating a two dimensional   view of mass and liquid chromatography (LC) elution time features,   generating spectrum files for tandem MS data, creating total intensity   chromatograms, and visualizing theoretical peptide profiles. Application   of Decon2LS to deisotope different datasets obtained across different   instruments yielded a high number of features that can be used to   identify and quantify peptides in the biological sample.   Conclusion: Decon2LS is an efficient software package for discovering   and visualizing features in proteomics studies that require automated   interpretation of mass spectra. Besides being easy to use, fast, and   reliable, Decon2LS is also open-source, which allows developers in the   proteomics and bioinformatics communities to reuse and refine the   algorithms to meet individual needs.   Decon2LS source code, installer, and tutorials may be downloaded free of   charge at http://http:/ncrr.pnl.gov/software/.",10.1186/1471-2105-10-87
1874,InProceedings,Design and Implementation of RAS-Based Open Source Software Repository,"Open-source software is an enormous treasure of knowledge available to whole mankind which has unique knowledge creation and dissemination mechanisms. In order to promote its usage in China, an open source software repository called OpenCom was designed and implemented as a supporting tool of Shanghai Component Library. OpenCom provides a simple but flexible collaborative platform to describe, store, retrieve, collect and develop open source software. Moreover, OpenCom introduces an extension to Reusable Asset Specification (RAS) to effectively support collaborative creation of knowledge in open source community on the Internet.",10.1109/FSKD.2009.778
1875,InProceedings,Design and Implementation of the Communication Experiments Based on Open   Source Software SCILAB/SCICOS,"As simulation softwares are playing an essential role in communication   theory experiment, it is necessary that a platform should include   sufficient simulation blocks, test cases and detailed help files. This   paper presents a method for the usage of SCICOS in communication theory   experiment, and as an example, the 2FSK modulation is described to   demonstrate this method. And the paper proposes a method of secondary   development in communication systems simulation based on SCICOS. This   method is applied to a novel platform, which aims to provide more   efficient and convenient experimental environment by developing a   toolbox-SCICOM. Furthermore by setting up a baseband transmission   system- the implementation of this method is described in detail.   Practice shows SCICOM has a good practical application value.",NA
1877,InProceedings,Designers Wanted: Participation and the User Experience in Open Source   Software Development,"We present design concepts and related mockups that support the user   experience for projects hosted on CodePlex, an open source project   hosting website. Rationale for-the design concepts is grounded in the   open source literature and a thirteen-week study with the CodePlex team.   We propose that fostering ways to build trust, providing opportunities   for merit, supporting crossover of work activities, and supporting user   experience (UX) best practices in CodePlex will help dismantle the   social and technological barriers for UX and encourage UX designer   participation. We address UX designer motivation as a challenge for   participation and conclude that the mockups presented are a first step   in furthering the user experience in open source software development.",10.1145/1518701.1518852
1879,Article,Designing applied cryptology laboratory modules with free and open source software,"For today's computer professionals, secure data storage and secure data communications are vital competencies. In the current Internet aware environment, effective security necessitates the application of cryptology. Daily, modern businesses rely on cryptographic services such as authentication, non-repudiation, integrity, and confidentiality, to secure their information. Creating relevant applied cryptology laboratory modules can be a challenge. One interesting challenge is the choice of laboratory software. By design, most commercial cryptology software shields the user from operational details. Consequently, most commercial software does not lend itself well to laboratory activities. Fortunately, there are Open Source Cryptographic Toolkits that have worked well in our lab environment. This paper presents the author's experience with the development and evolution of applied cryptography laboratory modules. These laboratory modules utilize Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) exclusively.",NA
1880,InProceedings,Determinants of Open Source Software Adoption - An Application of TOE   Framework,"Open source software (OSS) is currently one of the most debated   phenomena in both academia and the software industry. Several OSS   systems have achieved significant market success but they are rather   server-side applications, such as the Apache Web server, MySQL database   server, or other components of IT infrastructure. On the other hand,   penetration of OSS systems on the market of desktop applications is   rather limited and it is virtually dominated by products of one software   vendor, i.e., Microsoft. In this chapter, the benefits and barriers of   OSS implementation in Poland are investigated. Based on the well-known   technology organization environment model of IT technology adoption of a   simple model was developed and evaluated empirically, based on the data   from the survey of 178 enterprises and public institutions. Statistical   analysis using partial least squares (PLS) was performed. Of the four   factors considered to determine adoption decisions (benefits, costs,   environment, and organization), it was found that only perceived   benefits and environment are significant.",10.1007/b137171\\_48
1882,Article,Determinants of open source software project success: A longitudinal   study,"In this paper, we investigate open source software (OSS) success using   longitudinal data on OSS projects. We find that restrictive OSS licenses   have an adverse impact on OSS success. On further analysis, restrictive   OSS license is found to be negatively associated with developer   interest, but is positively associated with the interest of   non-developer users and project administrators. We also show that   developer and non-developer interest in the OSS project and the project   activity levels in any time period significantly affect the project   success measures in subsequent time period. The implications of our   findings for OSS research and practice are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2008.10.005
1884,Article,Determinants of success in open source software networks,"Purpose - Open source software (OSS) products have rapidly acquired a   notable importance in the last years among consumers and firms all over   the world. They are mostly developed and distributed through online   social networks thanks to the voluntary and collaborative actions of   their members. However, their innovation and development has to face up   the existence of free-riders which can benefit from the knowledge   developed in the online social network. This paper aims to understand   the factors that moderate the opportunistic behaviour in OSS development   and distribution, which will help to correctly manage the OSS   innovations.   Design/methodology/approach - The influence of reputation on members'   satisfaction and participation intentions in OSS online social networks   are measured. Additionally, the impact of being an active and satisfied   member on his/her commitment and intention to use the OSS products are   studied. After the validation of measurement scales the hypotheses are   contrasted with structural modelling.   Findings - This research show that perceived reputation acts as a   deterrent factor of free-riders. More specifically, reputation exerts a   positive and significant effect on member's satisfaction with previous   interactions and an indirect effect on participation intentions in the   social network through satisfaction. Besides, these two outcomes of   reputation boost the members' affective commitment to the OSS and, as a   consequence, the intention to use OSS products is also increased.   Practical implications - Reputation and satisfaction are two crucial   aspects in explaining the success of an online social network since they   serve to guarantee the interaction among its members. In addition,   participation continuance intentions in an online network may help to   increase the levels of affective commitment and loyalty to the mutual   interest of the network (the OSS in this case). This result may be   especially relevant for commercial networks, which are based on the   admiration to a brand, firm or product.   Originality/value - The analysis of online social networks as a   development and distribution channel and the role of reputation in   promoting members' participation (that is, avoiding opportunistic   behaviour) represent a new contribution to the analysis of online social   networks. This research field has acquired a notable popularity in   recent years.",10.1108/02635570910948650
1888,InProceedings,Development of a Traceability System Based on Open Source Software for   Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan,"Corporations are currently making progress in their efforts toward   traceability, against the backdrop of practical realization of automatic   identification technologies such as RF tags and 2D barcodes. In order to   consistently manage and access various types of product-related history   information throughout the supply chain, it is necessary to develop   information networks and databases for sharing that information between   firms, and EDI systems play a central role in that context. This paper   proposes a distributed traceability system based on open source software   which is particularly suitable for small and medium enterprises. To do   this, the paper first conducts an exploratory analysis of factors   involved in the adoption of traceability systems by small and medium   enterprises, based on a review of previous research on traceability and   questionnaire survey data. Next, it examines the current situation and   problems of RF tags, 2D barcodes and EDI systems, and their linkage with   in-house backend systems. Based on the above analysis, the paper   proposes a model of a traceability system using open source software   which is suitable for small and medium enterprises, and discusses the   model's practical implications.",NA
1890,InProceedings,Distributed mobile traffic monitoring system based on free and open source software,In recent years the development of technology and the evolution of mobile phones made possible their integration and usage in a wide range of mobile systems. In this paper it is presented a mobile distributed system which monitors the traffic in areas without monitoring cameras and gathers series of photographs which could be used to determine whether there is congestion in a given region. The system is realized using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) which contributes to its flexibility and portability.,10.1145/1731740.1731797
1891,InProceedings,Domain Drivers in the Modularization of FLOSS Systems,"The classification of software systems into types has been achieved in   the past by observing both their specifications and behavioral patterns:   the SPE classification, for instance, and its further supplements and   refinements. has identified the S-type (i.e., fully specified), the   P-type (i.e., specified but dependent on the context) and the E-type   (i.e., addressing evolving problems) among the software systems.   In order to detect types, and establish similarities, among   Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) systems, this paper considers   three modular characteristics (functions, files and folders) and their   evolution: how they are evolving with size, if they are constant across   systems, and whether recurring evolutionary patterns are observed. Using   these various-grained characteristics, a set of models for the evolution   of modularization are extracted from evolving systems, and then used to   extract similarities and types from a wide sample of FLOSS projects.   This paper provides three contributions: first, it shows that several   models are needed to encompass the variety of modularization patterns;   second, it provides three types of models (uni-variate, bi-variate and   tri-variate) for the evolution of modularization, with significant   goodness-of-fit's. Finally, it shows that two of these patterns alone   can interpolate the modular characteristics of the vast majority of a   random choice of FLOSS projects.",NA
1892,Article,Enhancing {Open} {Source} {Software} in {Alignment} with {CMMI}-{DEV},"To provide comprehensive, low-cost tool support for project monitoring and control for small organizations in particular, the authors compare the most popular free/open source Web-based project management applications against their compliance to CMMI-DEV. Based on this analysis, they implement a set of enhancements to dotProject, including Earned Value Management, and evaluate the resulting application with respect to its CMMI-compliance. Their initial experiences applying the tool in an R\\&amp;D organization indicate that it helps establish a systematic project monitoring and control process by supporting or automating tasks. In this way, it presents an open, flexible, and free tool-integration solution for project management, illustrating that open-source tools might be appealing, especially for small organizations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MS.2009.34
1893,InProceedings,Evaluating Longitudinal Success of Open Source Software Projects: A Social Network Perspective,"To date, numerous open source projects are hosted on many online repositories. While some of these projects are active and thriving, some projects are either languishing or showing no development activities at all. This phenomenon thus begs the important question of what are the influential factors that affect the success of open source projects. In a quest to deepen our understanding of the evolution of open source projects, this research aims to analyze the success of open source projects by using the theoretical lens of social network analysis. Based on extensive analyses of data collected from online repositories, we study the impact of the communication patterns of software development teams on the demand and supply outcomes of these projects, while accounting for project-specific characteristics. Using panel data analysis of data over 13 months, we find significant impacts of communication patterns on project outcomes over the long term.",10.1109/HICSS.2009.199
1895,Article,Evaluating the Quality of Open Source Software,"Traditionally, research on quality attributes was either kept under   wraps within the organization that performed it, or carried out by   outsiders using narrow, black-box techniques. The emergence of open   source software has changed this picture allowing us to evaluate both   software products and the processes that yield them. Thus, the software   source code and the associated data stored in the version control   system, the bug tracking databases, the mailing lists, and the wikis   allow us to evaluate quality in a transparent way. Even better, the   large number of (often competing) open source projects makes it possible   to contrast the quality of comparable systems serving the same domain.   Furthermore, by combining historical source code snapshots with   significant events, such as bug discoveries and fixes, we can further   dig into the causes and effects of problems. Here we present motivating   examples, tools, and techniques that can be used to evaluate the quality   of open source (and by extension also proprietary) software.",10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.058
1896,InProceedings,Evolution of Apache Open Source Software,NA,10.1007/978-0-8176-4751-3\\_12
1897,InProceedings,Extracting Development Organization from Open Source Software,"The increasing demand for open source software in various fields of   computer science is obvious. Many developers adopt open source software   in their development process, organization culture, and products. Hence,   there are many cases where developers who are new to open source   software should maintain and continue to develop the software. This   paper suggests a methodology to evaluate unseen organizational effort   for open source software. It proposes ways to coordinate developers to   maintain it.",10.1109/APSEC.2009.59
1899,Article,F/{LOSS} {IS} {COMMERCIAL} {SOFTWARE},"Many people mistakenly use the term ""commercial software"" as if it was the opposite of Free/Libre Open Source Software (F/LOSS). This is in spite of: 1. the rise in commercial development and support for F/LOSS, 2. the goal of most F/LOSS projects to incorporate improvements, which is actually a form of financial gain, 3. official definitions of ""commercial item"" that include F/LOSS, and 4. F/LOSS licenses and projects that clearly approve of commercial support. In reality there are two types of commercial software: proprietary software and F/LOSS. This paper provides examples for each of the four points mentioned, briefly notes some alternative terms, and ends with some conclusions, explaining why it is important to understand that F/LOSS software is almost always commercial.",NA
1900,InProceedings,FLOSS UX Design: An Analysis of User Experience Design in Firefox and   OpenOffice.org,"We describe two cases of open user experience (UX) design using the   Firefox web browser and OpenOffice.org office suite as case studies. We   analyze the social complexity of integrating UX practices into the two   open source projects using activity awareness, a framework for   understanding team performance in collective endeavors of significant   scope, duration, and complexity. The facets of activity awareness are   common ground, community of practice, social capital, and human   development. We found that differences between the communities include   different strategies for community building, UX status in the community,   type of open UX design, and different ways to share information.",NA
1901,InProceedings,FLOSS as Enterprise Application Interoperability Enabler,"Within current context, Enterprise Application Interoperability need is growing due to globalization, virtualization of enterprises and systematic usage of computers aided activities. Leading to emergence of complex ecosystems, such context leads to the necessity of defining and governing standards, which are providing formal and open specifications of components that can then be easily assembled to build complete functional solutions. Open standards are nevertheless insufficient in order to insure pragmatic interoperability. This paper describes important role of Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) as Enterprise Application Interoperability enabler within the approach we propose. This approach aims to produce innovative frameworks for pragmatic interoperability of Enterprise Applications supporting collaboration in the Virtual Enterprise.",10.1109/SITIS.2009.74
1902,InProceedings,FLoSS: Facility Location for Subspace Segmentation,"Subspace segmentation is the task of segmenting data lying on multiple   linear subspaces. Its applications in computer vision include motion   segmentation in video, structure-from-motion, and image clustering. In   this work, we describe a novel approach for subspace segmentation that   uses probabilistic inference via a message-passing algorithm.   We cast the subspace segmentation problem as that of choosing the best   subset of linear subspaces from a set of candidate subspaces constructed   from the data. Under this formulation, subspace segmentation corresponds   to facility location, a well studied operational research problem.   Approximate solutions to this NP-hard optimization problem can be found   by performing maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) inference in a probabilistic   graphical model. We describe the graphical model and a message-passing   inference algorithm.   We demonstrate the performance of Facility Location for Subspace   Segmentation, or FLoSS, on synthetic data as well as on 3D multi-body   video motion segmentation from point correspondences.",10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459302
1903,Article,Firms' contribution to open-source software and the dominant user's   skill,"Free, libre or open-source software (FLOSS) is nowadays produced not   only by individual benevolent developers but, in a growing proportion,   by firms that hire programmers for their own objectives of development   in open source or for contributing to open-source projects in the   context of dedicated communities. A recent literature has focused on the   question of the business models explaining how and why firms may draw   benefits from such involvement and their connected activities. They can   be considered as the building blocks of a new modus operandi of an   industry, built on an alternative approach to intellectual property   management. Its prospects will depend on both the firms' willingness to   rally and its ability to compete with the traditional `proprietary'   approach. As a matter of fact, firms' involvement in FLOSS, while   growing, remains very contrasted, depending on the nature of the   products and the characteristics of the markets. This paper asks why   for-profit firms contribute to FLOSS development and why some firms   contribute more than others. The common explanation is that FLOSS is   often a complement to proprietary software (or hardware or services)   that the for-profit firm sells at a positive price. We present an   alternative explanation based on the users' skill level. When users are   skilled, opening the software is likely to result in a better product   because the user base will contribute improvements (find bugs, write   fixes and produce new features). We introduce the concept of the   dominant user's skill and set up a theoretical model to better   understand how it may condition the nature and outcome of the   competition between a FLOSS firm and a proprietary firm. We discuss   these results in the light of stylized facts drawn from recent trends in   the software industry. European Management Review (2009) 6, 130-139.   doi:10.1057/emr.2009.8",10.1057/emr.2009.8
1905,InProceedings,Foss 101: engaging introductory students in the open source movement,"Can engaging students in free and open source software(FOSS) pique their interest in computer science? This paper describes an introductory computer science course that introduced students to using FOSS, to contributing to a humanitarian FOSS project, and to studying the broader impact of FOSS on our society. Students learned basic webprogramming skills (PHP/MySQL) and made small but significant contributions to a global FOSS project. Mistakes were made and opportunities were missed. But overall theexperiment was a success and the experience was enjoyable and educational for students and instructor alike. By building on what worked well, this course could serve as a model for incorporating study of FOSS into the introductory computing curriculum.",10.1145/1508865.1508977
1906,Article,Foss 101: engaging introductory students in the open source movement,"Can engaging students in free and open source software(FOSS) pique their interest in computer science? This paper describes an introductory computer science course that introduced students to using FOSS, to contributing to a humanitarian FOSS project, and to studying the broader impact of FOSS on our society. Students learned basic webprogramming skills (PHP/MySQL) and made small but significant contributions to a global FOSS project. Mistakes were made and opportunities were missed. But overall theexperiment was a success and the experience was enjoyable and educational for students and instructor alike. By building on what worked well, this course could serve as a model for incorporating study of FOSS into the introductory computing curriculum.",10.1145/1539024.1508977
1907,Article,Free software on the market-side: the failure-story of free software   services companies in France,"Considering the French case of Free Software Services Companies (FSSCs),   this paper analyses free software's market-oriented aspects. We try to   answer a fundamental question for free software: does the software   industry have room for an alternative economic model based on the   communities' ethic? Analysing FSSCs' competition with traditional IT   Services Companies (ITSCs) and regarding the integration of free   software in the ITSCs' product offer, we show how the software sector's   structures could explain both FSSCs' and ITSCs' recent changes.",10.1080/10438590802231556
1909,Article,Free software useful for small businesses,"This article presents a brief description of the general situation that   exists between free software and small enterprises in Colombia. It shows   excerpts of the results of a study in the small enterprises of the   Caribbean region about the use, perception and support infrastructure of   free software. In addition are some success stories, some unresolved   problems with free software and finally a small sample of the vast   number of useful systems to be used in small organizations.",NA
1911,Article,Free {Software} {Communities} {Of} {Costa} {Rica},"The free software communities of Costa Rica have been investigated between 2006-2008. To understand their structure and functioning we keep a participant observation and conduct an electronic poll and interviews. The results are analyzed under the virtual community concept. They consist of strategic users, with scarce female involvement, ephemeral proposals, a touch of elitism and share a dialogic discourse. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1912,Article,Freedom Imagined: Morality and Aesthetics in Open Source Software Design,"This paper is about the interaction between the human imagination and   technology among a self-described `community': that of developers of   Free or Open Source Software. I argue that the moral imagination   observable in this phenomenon can be understood with reference to its   emergence around specific methods of technical production. Principles of   openness, truth, freedom and progress, which are also understood as   central to the technical production of good software, are reinforced (as   a ethical orientation) by their contribution to making `good' software.   A reciprocal dynamic ensues in which better software is seen as   dependent on particular social practices and ideologies while these   practices and ideologies are given salience by their success in   fostering valuable production. Processes key to the generation of this   social form are examined before a number of key features of the practice   of programming, such as its often combative and individualistic   character, and an absence of women in developer communities, are   considered in the light of the analysis.",10.1080/00141840902751188
1916,Article,Global Ethics of Collective Internet Governance: Intrinsic Motivation   and Open Source Software,"The ethical governance of the global Internet is an accelerating global   phenomenon. A key paradox of the global Internet is that it allows   individual and collective decision making to co-exist with each other.   Open source software (OSS) communities are a globally accelerating   phenomenon. OSS refers to groups of programs that allow the free use of   the software and further the code sharing to the general and corporate   users of the software. The combination of private provision and public   knowledge and software, and the seeming paradox of economic versus   social motivations have stimulated a wide debate between researchers and   policymakers. In this article, we analyze OSS communities from the   viewpoint of ``intrinsic motivation,{''} knowledge creation, and   collective Internet governance. We believe that the growth of global OSS   has fundamental implications for business ethics and the governance of   the global Internet in the twenty-first century.",10.1007/s10551-009-0057-5
1918,InProceedings,"GreenScilab-Crop, An Open Source Software For Plant Simulation And   Parameter Estimation","GreenLab is a mathematical model simulating the dynamics of plant   organogenesis, biomass production and allocation, and plant   three-dimensional structure. Being a functional structural model, its   software implementation and test are costly. On the other hand, software   is a necessary tool to understand, analyze and apply the model. With   increasing scientific publications on Green Lab, need for a   freely-accessible software increased in the community of plant modeling.   Implementation of Green Lab has been done in Scilab, named Green Scilab,   which simulates generic plant structures from trees to crops. In this   paper, a new version of GreenScilab dedicated to herbaceous plants,   called GreenScilab-Crop, is presented. It allows flexible control on   plants, especially the position-dependent organ growth delay. A case   study is made on tomato plant for simulation and parameter   identification.",NA
1919,InProceedings,Group Maintenance Behaviors of Core and Peripherial Members of   Free/Libre Open Source Software Teams,"Group Maintenance is pro-social, discretionary, and relation-building   behavior that occurs between members of groups in order to maintain   reciprocal trust and cooperation. This paper considers how Free/libre   Open Source Software (FLOSS) teams demonstrate such behaviors within the   context of e-mail, as this is the primary medium through which such   teams communicate. We compare group maintenance behaviors between both   core and peripheral members of these groups, as well as behaviors   between a group that remains producing software today and one which has   since dissolved. Our findings indicate that negative politeness tactics   (those which show respect for the autonomy of others) may be the most   instrumental group maintenance behaviors that contribute to a FLOSS   group's ability to survive and continue software production.",NA
1920,Article,Identifying exogenous drivers and evolutionary stages in FLOSS projects,"The success of a Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) project has   been evaluated in the past through the number of commits made to its   configuration management system, number of developers and number of   users. Most studies, based on a popular FLOSS repository (SourceForge).   have concluded that the vast majority of projects are failures.   This Study's empirical results confirm and expand conclusions from an   earlier and more limited work. Not only do projects from different   repositories display different process and product characteristics, but   a more general pattern can be observed. Projects may be considered as   early inceptors in highly visible repositories, or as established   projects within desktop-wide projects, or finally as structured parts of   FLOSS distributions. These three possibilities ire formalized into a   framework of transitions between repositories.   The framework developed here provides a wider context in which results   from FLOSS repository mining can be more effectively presented.   Researchers can draw different conclusions based on the overall   characteristics studied about an Open Source software project's   potential for success, depending on the repository that they mine. These   results also provide guidance to OSS developers when choosing where to   host their project and how to distribute it to maximize its evolutionary   success. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2008.10.026
1924,InProceedings,Impact of Diversity on Open Source Software,"This paper examines the relationship between open source project   diversity and success. The sample of open source projects includes all   mature projects driven by the Eclipse Foundation as of February 2008.   Three types of project diversity were used: i) organizational - measured   by number of committers per organization per project, ii) contribution -   measured by the number of commits made per organization per project, and   iii) technical - measured by the number of commits made per given   software file type. Success was measured by means of i) economic   metrics, including the number of corporate adoptions and the number of   jobs postings including the project name, and ii) development metrics,   including the project popularity and the growth of the intensity of   members' activity. The paper makes two main contributions. First, we   contribute to the literature on open source software and diversity.   Second, we introduce economic success metrics to the empirical   assessment of open source software project success.",NA
1926,InProceedings,Integrating HCI Specialists into Open Source Software Development   Projects,"Typical open source software (OSS) development projects are organized   around technically talented developers, whose communication is based on   technical aspects and source code. Decision-making power is gained   through proven competence and activity in the project, and non-technical   end-user opinions are too many times neglected. In addition, also   human-computer interaction (HCI) specialists have encountered   difficulties in trying to participate in OSS projects, because there   seems to be no clear authority and responsibility for them. In this   paper, based on HCI and OSS literature, we introduce an extended OSS   development project organization model that adds a new level of   communication and roles for attending human aspects of software. The   proposed model makes the existence of HCI specialists visible in the   projects, and promotes interaction between developers and the HCI   specialists in the course of a project.",NA
1927,InProceedings,Integrating user experience into free/libre open source software: CHI 2009 special interest group,"The importance of software in daily life for casual and business purposes has led to a strong increase in the formal integration of usability in commercial software development processes. However, usability still appears to be largely an afterthought for Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS). The intent of this Special Interest Group (SIG) is to encourage participation by the user experience (UX) community and to identify solutions for better integration of UX into the FLOSS development process.",10.1145/1520340.1520395
1928,Article,Intellectual Property and Author's Copyright in the Free Software,"Free software has turned currently into a profitable option for   information management in some institutions; however people still have   erroneous ideas about the real meaning of free software. In this review   article, which is derived from research activities, the notion of free   software, the main legal aspects that govern it, the need for free   licenses, and some basic notions about intellectual property are   analyzed, also some of the most known and used free software licenses   are explained along with the impact they generate on the development of   software. In the same way, some licenses for other free resources   different from software products are mentioned.",NA
1929,Article,International activities of knowledge-intensive small- and medium-sized enterprises: {The} example of an open source software firm: {The} example of an open source software firm,"The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that explains international activities of open source software (OSS) firms. This paper reviews relevant literature related to international operations of knowledge-intensive firms, especially in the software industry. Theoretical development is based here on a combination of the network approach, international new venture theory and inward-outward internationalization. The findings in this study suggest that the international activities of OSS firms can be divided into project activities and business activities. Project activities include inward and outward linkages, and partner identification. Business activities include domestic and partner network activities that can lead to international business as well. For scholars, the framework provides a new approach to explain many international activities of OSS firms by integrating three international business theories. In addition, it provides good starting point for further empirical examination. The framework helps managers gain a better understanding of complex circumstances embedded into the international activities of OSS firms. With that better understanding, the managers can focus their activities, which helps further to improve their firms' competitiveness engendered by the international activities in the OSS development. The framework developed in this study is believed to be the first serious attempt to provide a deeper theoretical understanding of international activities of OSS firms. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1108/01409170910965242
1930,Article,Issues and lessons learned in open source software adoption in Pakistani   libraries,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss key   issues related to the adoption of open source software (OSS) in   Pakistani libraries.   Design/methodology/approach - Literature review and principal author's   first-hand experience of Koha (OSS) implementation in Provincial   Assembly Libraries of Pakistan under Pakistan Legislative Strengthen   Project of United States Agency for International Development provide   the information and insight for this paper.   Findings - Adoption of OSS in libraries is just at a beginning stage in   Pakistan, and only a few organizations have so far made their first move   in this direction. The major identified issues affecting OSS adoption in   Pakistani libraries are: social (cultural) disparity, conceptual   confusions, digital divide, lack of technological, financial, and human   development. Practical implications - The paper will help decision   makers plan OSS applications in their libraries.   Originality/value - This is the first paper on the topic in Pakistan and   explores the issues involved in OSS adoption in a comprehensive manner.   The paper can provide understanding regarding adoption of OSS to   professionals in Pakistani and other developing countries with similar   environment.",10.1108/02640470910979561
1931,InProceedings,Learning Free Software Development from Real-World Experience,"This paper presents a learning experience at the on-line Master on Free Software at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). For the final course, which leads to the presentation of a master thesis, students have to set up a free software project with the aim of making its development community-driven. Instead of setting up a new project for the course I decided to join to an existing free software project. In this paper, I provide an experience report of my work with GNOME, a large free software project that I decided to join.",10.1109/INCOS.2009.9
1933,InProceedings,Leveraging open-source software in the design and development process,"This paper presents a case study of the NASA Ames Research Center HCI Group's design and development of a problem reporting system for NASA's next generation vehicle (to replace the shuttle) based on the adaptation of an open source software application. We focus on the criteria used for selecting a specific system (Bugzilla) and discuss the outcomes of our project including eventual extensibility and maintainability. Finally, we address whether our experience may generalize considering where Bugzilla lies in the larger quantitative picture of current open source software projects.",10.1145/1520340.1520433
1934,InProceedings,Linking high education and research using free software: Two experiences   with R.,"R is a freely available software which is increasingly being used in a   wide range of scientifc fields and adopted by many institutions as a   standard. It can be a most valuable tool to bring together the efforts   from all the scientific community, ranging from students to senior   scientists worldwide. Two examples corresponding to two research groups   from the University of the Basque Country (Spain) are shown. The   conclusion is that R is an excellent tool to bridge high education and   research and may represent a valuable contribution to the advantage of   scientific knowledge.",NA
1935,InProceedings,Maispion: a tool for analysing and visualising open source software developer communities,"We present Maispion, a tool for analysing software developer communities. The tool, developed in Smalltalk, mines mailing list and version repositories, and provides visualisations to provide insights into the ecosystem of open source software (OSS) development. We show how Maispion can analyze the history of medium to large OSS communities, by applying our tool to three well-known open source projects: Moose, Drupal and Python.",10.1145/1735935.1735944
1936,InProceedings,Managing Support Requests in Open Source Software Project: The Role of   Online Forums,"The use of free and open source software is gaining momentum due to the   ever increasing availability and use of the Internet. Organizations are   also now adopting open source software, despite some reservations in   particular regarding the provision and availability of support. One of   the greatest concerns about free and open source software is the   availability of post release support and the handling of for support. A   common belief is that there is no appropriate support available for this   class of software, while an alternative argument is that due to the   active involvement of Internet users in online forums, there is in fact   a large resource available that communicates and manages the management   of support requests. The research model of this empirical investigation   establishes and studies the relationship between open source software   support requests and online public forums. The results of this empirical   study provide evidence about the realities of support that is present in   open source software projects. We used a dataset consisting of 616 open   source software projects covering a broad range of categories in this   investigation. The results show that online forums play a significant   role in managing support requests in open source software, thus becoming   a major source of assistance in maintenance of the open source projects",10.1109/ICCSIT.2009.5234491
1937,Article,Measuring open source software success,"Since the mid-1990s, there has been a surge of interest among academics   and practitioners in open source software (OSS). While there is an   abundance of literature on OSS, most studies oil OSS success are either   qualitative or exploratory in nature, To identify the factors that   influence OSS success and establish generalizability, an empirical study   measuring OSS Success Would enable OSS developers and users to improve   OSS usage. In this study, we develop all OSS success model from a   previous Information Systems success model incorporating the   characteristics of OSS. Using the proposed model, we identify these   determinants, Our findings live determinants for OSS success as well as   l number of significant relationships among I demonstrate that software   quality and community service quality have significant effects on user   satisfaction. Software quality and user satisfaction. in turn, have   significant effects on OSS use. Additionally. OSS use and user   satisfaction have significant effects on individual net benefits. This   research contributes towards advancing theoretical understanding of OSS   Success its Well as offering OSS practitioners for enhancing OSS   success. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.omega.2007.05.005
1941,InProceedings,Model-Driven Open Source Software Development - The Open Models Approach,"Model-Driven Development (MDD) aims to increase productivity in software   development and manage the complexity of software by utilizing modelling   to shift from programming in solution-space to modelling in   problem-space. Another approach to increase productivity and experience   significant cost savings is to utilize Open Source (OS) components in   software development. This paper presents the state of the art of how to   combine MDD methods with OS software development. The approach is called   Open Models software development which is expected to combine the   benefits of both worlds. The fundamental idea of Open Models development   is to apply community-driven collaborative MDD. In this paper, Open   Models development is exemplified by constructing Resource Availability   Service (RAS). RAS is a web service for providing availability   information about resources such as services, content, users and   terminals. This paper shows that Open Models development is feasible   from technical point of view although there are still great challenges   in tooling. In addition, more empirical research is needed in studying   attractiveness of Open Models.",10.1109/ICSEA.2009.37
1943,InProceedings,Modeling success in FLOSS project groups,"A significant challenge in software engineering is accurately modeling projects in order to correctly forecast success or failure. The primary difficulty is that software development efforts are complex in terms of both the technical and social aspects of the engineering environment. This is compounded by the lack of real data that captures both the measures of success in performing a process, and the measures that reflect a group's social dynamics. This research focuses on the development of a model for predicting software project success that leverages the wealth of available open source project data in order to accurately forecast the behavior of those software engineering groups. The model accounts for both the technical elements of software engineering and the social elements that drive the decisions of individual developers. Agent-based simulations are used to represent the complexity of the group interactions, and the behavior of each agent is based on the acquired open source software engineering data. For four of the five project success measures, the results indicate that the developed model represents the underlying data well and provides accurate predictions of open source project success indicators.",10.1145/1540438.1540461
1945,Article,Monetary donations to an open source software platform,"Online open source software platforms, such as Sourceforge.net, play a   vital role in creating an ecosystem that enables the creation and growth   of open source projects. However, there is little research exploring the   interactions between open source stakeholders and the platform. We   believe that the sustainability of the platform crucially depends on   financial incentives. While platforms can obtain these incentives   through multiple means, in this paper we focus on one form of financial   incentives-voluntary monetary donations by open source community   members. We report findings from two empirical studies that examine   factors that impact donations. Study I investigates the factors that   cause some community members to donate and not others. We find that the   decision to donate is impacted by relational commitment with open source   software platform, donation to projects and accepting donations from   others. Study 2 examines what drives the level of donation. We find that   the length of association with the platform and relational commitment   affects donation levels. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.respol.2008.11.004
1948,Article,Motivations in Open Source Software Communities: The Mediating Role of   Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment,"As a community-based innovation, the open source software (OSS)   development phenomenon has received great attention from researchers and   practitioners. Understanding the factors that affect the involvement and   contributions of participants in OSS projects is of significance to   facilitate project success. This paper investigates the effects of   motivation on participant performance in OSS projects, drawing upon   self-determination theory to examine how task effort (i.e., effort   intensity and goal commitment) mediates the relationships between a   spectrum of motivations and individual performance. The research model   is supported by survey data from 204 participants in OSS projects. The   theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.",10.2753/JEC1086-4415130403
1952,InProceedings,Multiple Social Networks Analysis of FLOSS Projects using Sargas,"Due to their characteristics and claimed advantages, several researchers have been investigating free and open-source projects. Different aspects are being studied: for instance, what motivates developers to join FLOSS projects, the tools, processes and practices used in FLOSS projects, the evolution of FLOSS communities among other things. Researchers have studied collaboration and coordination of open source software developers using an approach known as social network analysis and have gained important insights about these projects. Most researchers, however, have not focused on the integrated study of these networks and, accordingly, in their interrelationships. This paper describes an approach and tool to combine multiple social networks to study the evolution of open-source projects. Our tool, named Sargas, allows comparison and visualization of different social networks at the same time. Initial results of our analysis can be used to extend the ""onion-model"" of open source participation.",10.1109/HICSS.2009.316
1953,InProceedings,"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE, INFORMATION ENTREPRENEURS AND ISSUES OF NATIONAL   SECURITY","This paper focuses on the usage of open source information and software,   and makes reference to the information entrepreneur and the growing   demand associated with information services. The development of   networked communities is highlighted and attention is given to the work   of computer hacker groups. The problems facing law enforcement officers,   intelligence and security officers, and corporate intelligence and   security officers are referred to. Various arguments for   counterintelligence are put forward and a pro-active approach to   security work is advocated. The paper makes clear the fact that greater   co-operation is needed between staff from both the public and private   sectors, and makes the case for an effective intelligence and security   monitoring system to be put in place.",NA
1954,Article,OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: THE ROLE OF MARKETING IN THE DIFFUSION OF   INNOVATION,"Much of the literature on open source software (OSS) has focused on the   role of the community of users and developers as the primary driver of   OSS growth. This focus on growth generated by the community is referred   to as ``single factor{''} growth and is an assumption shared by   literature on the diffusion of innovation. The purpose of this research   is to attempt to fit a logistic model to a well-known OSS project as a   confirmatory exercise supporting the use of a single factor growth model   as suggested by the literature. The results show that a logistic model,   or any kind of single factor model, is inadequate to describe the   diffusion of the OSS project. The paper then explains conceptually and   illustrates mathematically why single factor models cannot fully   represent the diffusion of any OSS project. A well-known two-factor   model drawn from the marketing literature is presented, shown to solve   the problem of single factor models, and used to illustrate the   importance of marketing in OSS projects. This research suggests that the   OSS literature may be overemphasizing the importance of the size of the   user and developer community during the initial stages of growth and   that during these stages the diffusion of the OSS project is primarily   driven by external forces such as advertising or marketing efforts.",NA
1955,InProceedings,Open Source Software Use in Municipal Government: Is full immersion   possible?,"The adoption of open source software (OSS) by government has been a   topic of interest in recent years. National, regional, and local   government are using OSS in increasing numbers, yet the adoption rate is   still very low. This study considers if it is possible from an   organizational perspective for small to medium-sized cities to provide   services and conduct business using only open source software (OSS). We   examine characteristics of municipal government that may influence the   adoption of OSS for the delivery of services and to conduct city   business. Three characteristics are considered to develop an   understanding of city behavior with respect to OSS: capability,   discipline, and cultural affinity. Each of these general characteristics   contributes to the successful adoption and deployment of OSS by cities.   Our goal was to determine the organizational characteristics that   promote the adoption of OSS. We conducted a survey to support this study   resulting in 3316 responses representing 1286 cities in the Unites   States and Canada. We found most cities do not have the requisite   characteristics to successfully adopt OSS on a comprehensive scale and   most cities not currently using OSS have not future plans for OSS.",NA
1957,InProceedings,Open Source Tech-Innovation Model : A Novel Independent Technological   Innovation Model Based on Open Source Software Development Model,"Independent technological innovation has become a nationwide question   for discussion in China; one of independent innovation bottlenecks is   the scarcity of idiographic technological innovation model. The   phenomenon of open source software development shows a novel innovation   model that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical   problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating   private returns from selling the software. In this paper, an open source   tech-innovation model is proposed, an exemplar of a ``half-open   source{''} model of innovation that contains elements of both the   private benefit action and the ``open source code{''} action models and   can offer enterprise the double-advantage technological innovation   method under many conditions. Further discussion on open source   tech-innovation model is based on three dimensions, team structure,   technological equipment and management specialty.",10.1109/SOLI.2009.5203977
1958,InProceedings,Open source software adoption by South African MSEs: barriers and enablers,"This paper explores the factors which influence the use of Open Source Software (OSS) by small and micro enterprises. OSS has been identified as a facilitator for small enterprises in emerging markets to implement an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure at reduced cost. However, its diffusion in South Africa has been rather slow. This research aims to highlight OSS adoption factors applicable to small enterprises. The Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework was used to guide the data analysis. This research also attempts to identify additional factors which are unique to the context of this research and evaluate their implication on the OSS adoption decision.Although there are many factors influencing the adoption decision by smaller enterprises, the lack of knowledge and exposure were fundamental to the slow diffusion of OSS. Factors contributing to this lack of product knowledge were the lack of OSS marketing and easily accessible OSS vendors.",10.1145/1562741.1562746
1959,Article,OpenFluo: A free open-source software for optophysiological data   analyses,"Optophysiological imaging methods can be used to record the activity in   vivo of groups of neurons from particular areas of the nervous system   (e.g. the brain) or of cell cultures. Such methods are used, for   example, in the spatio-temporal coding and processing of sensory   information. However, the data generated by optophysiological methods   must be processed carefully if relevant results are to be obtained. The   raw fluorescence data must be digitally filtered and analyzed   appropriately to obtain activity maps and fluorescence time course for   single spots. We used a Matlab (R) environment to implement the   necessary procedures in a user-friendly manner. We developed OpenFluo, a   program for people inexperienced in optophysiological methods and for   advanced users wishing to perform simple, rapid data analyses without   the need for complex, time-consuming programming procedures. This   program will be made available as stand-alone software and as an   open-source Matlab (R) tool. It will therefore be possible for   experienced users to integrate their own routines. We validated this   software by assessing its ability to process both artificial recordings   and real biological data corresponding to recordings of the honeybee   brain. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.031
1960,Article,Participation in online interaction spaces: Design-use mediation in an   Open Source Software community,"This research aims at characterizing emerging roles fostering design-use   mediation during the Open Source Software (OSS) design process through   the analysis of participation. Studying OSS is of particular interest:   (1) to investigate socio-technical settings supporting user   participation to the design process, which is considered to be the major   strength of OSS design; (2) to gain insights into supporting the   changing nature of the software industry, which is becoming more and   more distributed and global, and which is thus increasingly making use   of OSS design tools and methods. In this research, we characterized   effective roles of participants, i.e. participation, on the basis of   activities analysis in three online interaction spaces (discussion,   documentation and implementation) during a continuous   ``pushed-by-users{''} design process of the Python project.   Participation is targeted through a methodology articulating: (1)   structural analyses (organization of the discussions, regularity and   involvement of participants, quotes-based social network) in   usage-oriented and development-oriented mailing lists of the projects'   discussion space; (2) actions to the code and documentation made by   participants in the implementation and documentation spaces. Besides the   importance of the users' contribution to the process, OSS design is   fostered by some key-participants, the cross-participants, who act as   boundary spanners between the developers and the users, helping them to   go beyond some barriers to participation. These findings can be   reinforced developing software to automate the structural analysis of   discussions and actions to the code and documentation. (C) 2008 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ergon.2008.10.013
1961,InProceedings,Patient-specific hemodynamics prediction and virtual endovascular   intervention using MediGRID and free software,"The fast growing resources available by Grid and cloud computing provide   new opportunities for the daily work of scientific and business   communities. Here we present a deployed system deriving detailed   information on hemodynamics and vessel wall stresses from common   tomography data in a simple and efficient way. The system is suited for   direct use e.g. by radiologists or cardiologists in medical planning and   clinical research settings. Up to now, detailed numerical simulations of   similar kinds have required the effort of specialized, large,   multi-disciplinary groups. The deployment of the new system is based on   resources maintained by the nationally funded german MediGRID project.   This assures broad accessibility, low or no set-up and maintenance costs   and a high security level. The implementationdesign facilitates   intuitive interactive usage for user-intensive parts and full   exploitation of high-performance-computing for the computationally   intensive components of the processing pipeline. Virtual vascular   surgery is supported, including the placement of stents, clipping of   aneurysms, and vessel dilation. The effect of such interventions can be   explored, including parametric effects like stent position or porosity,   as part of the intervention planning. Physical fields of interest like   pressure, wall shear stress, blood flow volume rate, or their   correlations can be inspected as time series or as interactive   three-dimensional scenes. The grid related parts of the workflow are   controlled readily over a web interface.",NA
1963,InProceedings,Providing Commercial Open Source Software: Lessons Learned,"Even though companies like Sun, IBM, MySQL and others have released   several commercial Open Source Software (OSS) products, little evidence   exist of how to successfully launch such products and establish a living   community around them. This paper presents a case study from a small   software company succeeding at establishing a business model and a vivid   community around their own OSS products. Based on this case study, the   paper presents lessons learned which could help other OSS providers.",NA
1965,InProceedings,RELIABILITY MODELING WITH IMPERFECT DEBUGGING BASED ON STOCHASTIC   DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"The mainstream of software development environment is the development   paradigms such as concurrent distributed development environment and the   so-called open source project by using network computing technologies.   Network technologies have made rapid progress with the dissemination of   computer systems in all areas. These network technologies become   increasingly more complex in a wide sphere. Especially, open source   software systems which serve as key components of critical   infrastructures in the society are still ever-expanding now.   In this paper, we propose a method of software reliability assessment   based on stochastic differential equations. Especially. we derive   several assessment measures in terms of imperfect debugging. Also, we   analyze actual software fault-count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for all embedded open Source software.",NA
1966,InProceedings,Real-time Root Cause Analysis in OSS for a Multi-layer and Multi-domain   Network using a Hierarchical Circuit Model and Scanning Algorithm,"One of the major issues for telecom operators today is how to rapidly   identify the cause of failure and affected services within a multi-layer   and multi-domain network to achieve high-quality service on an   end-to-end basis. To assess this issue, this paper describes a real-time   root cause analysis mechanism, which can pinpoint an accurate root cause   and identify the influence on services. We investigated an interworking   mechanism; based on a web service interface between an inventory and   fault management systems and developed prototypes of them as part of an   operation support system (OSS), which is capable of managing not only a   core network and a metro ring network, but also a customer network. By   introducing a hierarchical circuit model in the inventory management   system and the proposed scanning algorithm over multiple layers and   domains implemented in the fault management system, our developed root   cause analysis was successfully verified using the testbed network   environment; indicating relatively fast and scalable operation.",10.1109/INM.2009.5188802
1969,InProceedings,Reassessing Brooks' Law for the Free Software Community,"Proponents, of Free Software have argued that some of the most   established software engineering principles do not fully apply when   considered in an open, distributed approach. Among these principles,   ``Brooks' Law{''} has been questioned in the Free Software context:   large teams of developers, contrary to the law, will not need an   increasingly growing number of communication channels. As advocates   claim, this is due to the internal characteristics of the Free Software   process: the high modularity of the code helps developers to work on   comparted sections, without the need to coordinate with all other   contriutors.   This paper examines Brooks' Law in a Free Software context, and it   studies the interaction of contributors to a large Free Software   project, KDE. The network of interactions is analyzed and a summary   term, the ``compaction{''}, is dynamically evaluated to test how the   coordination mechanism evolves over time in the project. This paper   argues that the claim of advocates holds true, but with limitations: in   the KDE project, the few initial developers needed a significant amount   of communication. The growth of KDE brought the need to break the number   of overall communication channels to a significant extent. Finally, an   established amount of 300 developers currently needs the same amount of   communication as when the developers were only 10. We interpret this   result by arguing that Brooks' Law holds true among the core developers   of any large Free Software project.",NA
1970,Article,Reflections of an {Online} {Geographic} {Information} {Systems} {Course} {Based} on {Open} {Source} {Software},"This article summarizes the experience of offering an online introductory course on geographic information systems (GIS) that utilizes available free/libre and open source software (FOSS). Two primary objectives are to (a) reach students in developing countries and (b) to help move forward the development of an open-content GIS curriculum as part of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo; OSGeo.org) educational effort. Course design, key software (QGIS, GRASS, PostgreSQL//PostGIS), and online delivery methods are described. Results and factors leading to a low course-completion rate are discussed. Contributing factors include (a) a for-credit versus no-credit decision and (b) technical issues. Recommendations for others considering online offerings and for the OSGeo educational effort are provided. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright.]",10.1177/0894439308320793
1971,InProceedings,Reporting Empirical Research in Open Source Software: The State of   Practice,"Background: The number of reported empirical studies of Open Source   Software (OSS) has continuously been increasing. However, there has been   no effort to systematically review the state of the practice of   reporting empirical studies of OSS with respect to the recommended   standards of performing and reporting empirical studies in software   engineering. It is important to understand, how to report empirical   studies of OSS in order to make them useful for practitioners and   researchers.   Research aim: The aim of our research is to gain insights in the state   of the practice of reporting empirical studies of OSS in order to   identify the gaps to be filled for improving the quality of evidence   being provided for OSS.   Method: To that end, we decided to systematically review the empirical   studies of OSS. A total of 63 papers reporting empirical studies were   selected from the four editions of the Proceedings of the International   Conference on Open Source Systems. The data were extracted and   synthesised from the selected papers for analysis.   Results and conclusions: We have found that the quality of the reported   OSS-related empirical studies needs to be significantly improved. Based   on the results of our systematic review and general principles of   reporting good empirical research, we present a set of guidelines for   reporting OSS-related empirical studies. The suggested guidelines are   expected to help the research community to improve the quality of   reported studies.",NA
1972,Article,Returns from social capital in open source software networks,"Open Source Software projects base their operation on a collaborative   structure for knowledge exchange in the form of provision or reception   of information, expertise and feedback on the creation of source code.   Here, we address the direction of these knowledge flows among projects   throughout social networks and their impact on project success. We   identify the roles of membership or contribution that individuals play   within projects. We found that connections through contributors who   bring their knowledge to the project, improve project success, and that   connection through members, who transfer their knowledge towards other   projects, enhance project success. Finally, we found that ties through   shared membership and contributions hamper project success. The analysis   of knowledge flows and their impact on project success imply a   translation of returns from investment in social capital, where   investment takes the shape of knowledge flows and the returns mean the   projects' diffusion over the network.",10.1007/s00191-008-0125-5
1976,Article,Revitalizing {Computing} {Education} {Through} {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} for {Humanity},"The Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) Project's goal is to help revitalize US undergraduate computing education by engaging students in developing FOSS that benefits humanity. What started as an independent study by two undergraduates in 2006, the project today includes students from a number of US colleges and universities engaged in a range of FOSS development projects, both global and local. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the project, along with some of the lessons learned and the challenges that remain. As a concept, HFOSS is clearly attractive to university computer science students and may help attract new students to computing. The HFOSS Project has expanded from its three initial schools, single corporate partner, and single software project into a vibrant community that today includes active faculty participants from eight US colleges and universities (and expressed interest from many more), industry representatives from five IT corporations, and ongoing software-development projects with two local nonprofit organizations and five international FOSS communities.",NA
1977,InProceedings,Road Data Analisys with FOSS GIS,"This paper explains how the Local Government of Valencia has developed a   gvSIG extension in order to analyze road data. This data is very   important to know the state of the road network and to plan new   interventions. Just with a good knowledge of the differents attributes   and a good use of them, will be possible to optimize resources. We have   found the solutions using Free and Open Source Software, gvSIG as GIS   tool and PostGIS as database management system.",NA
1979,InProceedings,STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION MODELING BASED ON COMPONENT IMPORTANCE   LEVELS AND OPTIMAL VERSION-UPGRADE PROBLEM FOR OSS,"The current software development environment has been changing into new   development paradigms such as concurrent distributed development   environment and so-called open source project by using network computing   technologies. OSS (Open Source Software) which developed using by   network environment is widely adopted as a embedded system and server   usage because anyone can join the development. The source code is   opened, and everyone can freely modify. On the other hand, the problem   on the support less and the low quality is known as the large factor to   disturb the spread of OSS.   In this paper, we propose the estimation method of the component   importance level based on stochastic differential equation. Also, we   find the optimal version-upgrade time. Moreover, we show several   numerical illustrations.",NA
1980,InProceedings,Second International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Free/Libre/Open   Source Software Research and Development-FLOSS09,"The Workshop on ``Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development{''}   is based on the ever growing interest of researchers and practitioners   on Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS), and will be specifically   based on discussing the phenomenon of global FLOSS development and how   to identify and define, if any, how FLOSS communities could benefit from   traditional Software Engineering practices, and viceversa.   For this purpose, the overarching theme of this work-shop is ``Closing   the Gap between Software Engineering and FLOSS Development{''}. Its main   goal will be to bring together academic researchers, industry members   and FLOSS developers and to discuss what aspects and practices are   common in both the Software Engineering and the FLOSS development modes,   and where and how these practices differ substantially.",10.1109/ICSE-COMPANION.2009.5071066
1982,InProceedings,Semantic Interoperability Problem of OSS Forges,"Interoperability between collaborative development platforms (forges) in   the Open Source Software world is a significant issue. The forges tend   to follow the lock-in phenomenon, providing no easy-to-use facilities   for migrating projects or their parts between forge platforms. To   facilitate the process of cross-forge project migration, the following   paper presents an approach of lifting forge data models to the semantic   level and applying rule-based mappings for their alignment. The approach   also involves Semantic Web Services to handle the process of   importing/exporting project metadata from/to Open Source Software   forges. Finally, the paper demonstrates the approach on the basis of   proof-of-concept implementation exploiting the existing forges and   presents the lessons learnt.",10.1109/ICSEA.2009.39
1984,InProceedings,Simulating Software Evolution with Varying Numbers of Developers and   Validation Using OSS,"An issue that has confounded the understanding of software development   in the past is the role that different numbers of developers play in the   construction and subsequent evolution of software. In this paper, we   investigate that facet of software using a configurable simulation   framework as a basis. The framework uses `agents' to represent   developers and models the costs associated with first comprehending and   then applying necessary changes to a fictitious code base. It also   considers agent `memory recall' of their own code as a fundamental part   of the framework and the fact that, with higher numbers of developers,   maintenance of a higher proportion of other developers' code (rather   than their own) is an inevitable, yet realistic aspect. Through   exploration of the results and data produced by the simulation. We are   able to explore `desirable' features that are part of simulating   software evolution; as a discussion of the issues raised by the   framework, we provide a set of class data from four open-source systems   by way of comparison and show that trends in those systems are   comparable with results generated by the simulation. The paper thus   provides evidence that we can use simulation tools to help model   evolving systems, whether based on default settings or user-configurable   settings.",10.1109/ASWEC.2009.36
1986,Article,"Social {Reality}, the {Boundaries} of {Self}-{Fulfilling} {Prophecy}, and {Economics}/{How} and {Why} {Theories} {Matter}: {A} {Comment} on {Felin} and {Foss} (2009)","Organizational scholars have recently argued that economic theories and assumptions have adversely shaped management practice and human behavior, not only leading to the incorporation of trust-eroding market mechanisms into organizations, but also unnecessarily creating self-interested behavior. A number of highly influential papers have argued that the self-fulfilling nature of (even false) theories provides the underlying mechanism through which economics has adversely shaped not just social science but also management practice and individual behavior. We question these arguments and argue that there are important boundary conditions to theories falsely fulfilling themselves, boundary conditions that have hitherto been unexplored in organizational research, and boundary conditions that question the underlying premises used by organizational scholars and social scientists to attack economics. We specifically build on highly relevant findings from social psychology, philosophy, and organizational economics to show how (1) objective reality and (2) human nature provide two important boundary conditions for theories (falsely or otherwise) fulfilling themselves. We also defend organizational economics, specifically the use of high-powered incentives in organizations, and argue that self-interest (rightly understood) facilitates in creating beneficial individual and collective and societal outcomes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1987,InProceedings,Software Engineering in Practice: Design and Architectures of FLOSS   Systems,"Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) practitioners and developers are   typically also users of their own systems: as a result, traditional   software engineering (SE) processes (e.g., the requirements and design   phases), take less time to articulate and negotiate among FLOSS   developers. Design and requirements are kept more as informal knowledge,   rather than formally described and assessed. This paper attempts to   recover the SE concepts of software design and architectures from three   FLOSS case studies, sharing the same application domain (i.e., Instant   Messaging). Its first objective is to determine whether a common   architecture emerges from the three systems, which can be used as shared   knowledge for future applications. The second objective is to determine   whether these architectures evolve or decay during the evolution of   these systems. The results of this study are encouraging: albeit no   explicit effort was done by FLOSS developers to define a high-level view   of the architecture, a common shared architecture could be distilled for   the Instant Messaging application domain. It was also found that, for   two of the three systems, the architecture becomes better organised, and   the components better specified, as long as the system evolves in time.",NA
1988,Article,Speed Matters: The Role of Free Software Offer in Software Diffusion,"Many software products are available free of charge. While the benefits   resulting from network externality have been examined in the related   literature, the effect of free offer on the diffusion of new software   has not been formally analyzed. We show in this study that even if other   benefits do not exist, a software firm can still benefit from giving   away fully functioning software. This is due to the accelerated   diffusion process and subsequently the increased net present value of   future sales. By adapting the Bass diffusion model to capture the impact   of free software offer, we provide a methodology to determine the   optimal number of free adopters. We show that the optimal free offer   solution depends on the discount rate, the length of the demand window,   and the ratio of low-valuation to high-valuation free adopters. Our   methodology is shown to be applicable for both fixed and dynamic pricing   strategies.",10.2753/MIS0742-1222260307
1989,InProceedings,Structural Complexity and Decay in FLOSS Systems: An Inter-Repository   Study,"Past software engineering literature has firmly established that   software architectures and the associated code decay over time.   Architectural decay is, potentially, a major issue in Free/Libre/Open   Source Software (FLOSS) projects, since developers sporadically joining   FLOSS projects do not always have a clear understanding of the   underlying architecture, and may break the overall conceptual structure   by several small changes to the code base.   This paper investigates whether the structure of a FLOSS system and its   decay can also be influenced by the repository in which it is retained:   specifically, two FLOSS repositories are studied to understand whether   the complexity of the software structure in the sampled projects is   comparable, or one repository hosts more complex systems than the other   It is also studied whether the effort to counteract this complexity is   dependent on the repository, and the governance it gives to the hosted   projects.   The results of the paper are two-fold: on one side, it is shown that the   repository hosting larger and more active projects presents more complex   structures. On the other side, these larger and more complex systems   benefit from more anti-regressive work to reduce this complexity.",10.1109/CSMR.2009.37
1991,InProceedings,Supporting Situation Awareness in FLOSS Projects by Semantical Aggregation of Tools Feeds,"It is rather difficult to monitor or visualize what can be the contribution of a member in a collaboration project, especially when the project uses multiple tools to produce its results. This is the case for collaborative development of FLOSS software, that uses Wiki, bug tracker, mailing lists and source code management tools. This paper presents an approach to data collection by using aggregation of feeds published by the different tools of a software forge. To allow this aggregation, collected data is semantically reformatted into Semantic Web standards: RDF, DC, DOAP, FOAF and EvoOnt. Resulting data can then be processed, re-published or displayed to project members. This approach was used to implement a supervision module that is integrated into the PicoForge platform. This module is able to draw a live graph of the social community out of the different sources of data, and in turn exports semantic feeds for other uses.",10.1109/SITIS.2009.72
1992,InProceedings,System Evolution at the Attribute Level: An Empirical Study of Three   Java OSS and their Refactorings,"In this paper, we focus on the net changes in attributes across versions   of OSS and use net class change data (class additions and deletions) as   well as refactoring data from a previous study to inform our   understanding of how those three systems evolved as they did While the   majority of new attributes were added at levels 1 and 2 of the   inheritance, these patterns were not consistent. The research question   addresses the evolutionary relationship between classes and attributes   as well as the connection between those changes and refactorings.   Although some evidence of attributes following patterns conformant with   class additions was found, we also identified occurrences of attributes   being added unilaterally. A strong correspondence was also found between   attribute addition and the refactoring data. Finally, we explore   features of a fourth system with seven inheritance levels for similar   characteristics.",10.1109/ITI.2009.5196165
1993,Article,Technology Movements and the Politics of Free/Open Source Software,"Many technologies in our everyday lives are expressions of deliberate   and protracted political struggles among interested groups. While some   technologies are inherently political, other technologies become   politicized through competition among different groups and   organizations. How do seemingly apolitical technologies become   politicized? In this article, the author examines the case of the   ``circuit riders,{''} a progressive technology movement in the United   States that promotes information technology use among nonprofit and   grassroots organizations, to show how a particular technology is   politicized through field-level interactions. Applying and contributing   to actor-network theory, the author finds that translation takes place   as an organizational process by which actors associate the ideals of the   technology in question with their political ideals and then attempt to   enroll other actors to accept the resultant associations. Successful   association depends on both discursive and organizational practices.",10.1177/0162243907309852
1997,InProceedings,The Application of an Organic Model for Strategic Management to FOSS   Migration Within the South African Public Sector,"The South African Government adopted a policy for Free and Open Source   Software (FOSS) migration in the public sector in 2003. This FOSS policy   was extended to include open content in 2006. Notwithstanding, levels of   FOSS adoption within the public sector in South Africa are still low   (Mosoval et al., 2006; Mtsweni \\& Bierman, 2008). Although a number of   papers have been written on FOSS, there is not enough literature   discussing its actual implementation of FOSS (Waring \\& Maddock, 2005).   This paper adopts a strategic management perspective to discussing FOSS   migration within the South African public sector. The organic model for   strategic management developed by Farjoun (2002) is use to demonstrate   implications for FOSS migration amongst all South African Government   Departments (includes more than 1000 sites)",NA
1998,InProceedings,The Challenges of Open Source Software Development with Collaborative   Environment,"The current practice of Open Source Software (OSS) evolves around   sharing the source codes. However, without a prudent methodology in OSS   software development, OSS users seldom participate in software   development and prefer just to be end-users. To identify and analyze the   current usage and acceptance of OSS, a survey was conducted among   selected OSS developers in Malaysia. The results, analyzed using SPSS   and Rasch method, are quite unexpected, with many OSS developers still   not fully using OSS tools in SDLC stages. This paper shall also propose   a Knowledge Management System (KMS) Framework for sharing software   development using OSS to enable Community-of-Practice to share software   development using OSS knowledge.",10.1109/ICCTD.2009.161
2000,InProceedings,The Comment Density of Open Source Software Code,"The development processes of open source software are different from   traditional closed source development processes. Still, open source   software is frequently of high quality. Thus, we are investigating how   open source software creates high quality and whether it can maintain   this quality for ever larger project sizes. In this paper, we look at   one particular quality indicator, the density of comments in open source   software code. In a large-scale study of more than 5, 000 projects, we   find that active open source projects document their source code, and we   find that the comment density is independent of team and project size,   but not of project age. In future work, we intend to correlate comment   density with project success or failure.",10.1109/ICSE-COMPANION.2009.5070980
1001,InProceedings,The Evolution of Open Source Software Using Eclipse Metrics,"Technological development has become so manifest in all fields that it is now highly crucial to take it into consideration whenever possible. Open Source Software (OSS) has becoming widely adopted by commercial, public and academic organisations. Currently, there is increasing interest and demand in the existing applications of OSS in all fields all over the world. OSS has increased in prominence in the last decade, mostly due to the success of well-known software organisations such as Apache, Mozilla, Linux and Guice. As these organisations have become more dependent on software, the effective management of Software Evolution (SE) becomes more critical to an organization’s success. Therefore, the provision of well-evolved OSS has become an urgent issue in these days and will be so in the future. Therefore, the major challenge in OSS is how to evolve its environment, especially improvements in the security and quality of these systems. The main aim of this paper is to measure the evolution of OSS using, Eclipse Metrics (EM), with Guice software (GS) as a case study. In addition, this paper gives a brief literature review on OSS and how it has evolved.",10.1109/NISS.2009.154
1005,InProceedings,The Foss Low Emissions Hybrid Tug: From Innovation to Implementation,"This paper presents the world's first hybrid tug, a 5,080 horsepower   harbor tug built by Foss Maritime Company at its shipyard in Rainier,   Oregon. The tug, named Carolyn Dorothy, is owned and operated by Foss   Maritime Company. This paper discusses the impetus behind the   innovation, the evolution of the idea into a workable concept, and its   implementation and construction. The hybrid system and its application   in harbor assist work will be presented, illustrating how the hybrid   system achieves significant reduction in emissions and fuel consumption   while maintaining the high performance standards of her sister   Dolphin-class tugs.",NA
1006,Article,The State and Profile of Open Source Software Projects in health and   medical informatics,"Purpose: Little has been published about the application profiles and   development patterns of open source software (OSS) in health and medical   informatics. This study explores these issues with an analysis of health   and medical informatics related OSS projects on SourceForge, a large   repository of open source projects.   Methodology: A search was conducted on the SourceForge website during   the period from May 1 to 15, 2007, to identify health and medical   informatics OSS projects. This search resulted in a sample of 174   projects. A Java-based parser was written to extract data for several of   the key variables of each project. Several visually descriptive   statistics were generated to analyze the profiles of the OSS projects.   Results: Many of the projects have sponsors, implying a growing interest   in OSS among organizations. Sponsorship, we discovered, has a   significant impact on project success metrics. Nearly two-thirds of the   projects have a restrictive license type. Restrictive licensing may   indicate tighter control over the development process. Our sample   includes a wide range of projects that are at various stages of   development (status). Projects targeted towards the advanced end user   are primarily focused on bio-informatics, data formats, database and   medical science applications.   Conclusion: We conclude that there exists an active and thriving OSS   development community that is focusing on health and medical   informatics. A wide range of OSS applications are in development, from   bio-informatics to hospital information systems. A profile of OSS in   health and medical informatics emerges that is distinct and unique to   the health care field. Future research can focus on OSS acceptance and   diffusion and impact on cost, efficiency and quality of health care. (C)   2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.02.006
1008,InProceedings,The adoption of open source software in business models: a Red Hat and IBM case study,"Free / Libre open source software (FLOSS/OSS) has gained increasing popularity and utilisation in commercial and governmental organisations. Universities like Harvard and Stanford now offer courses on open source as a business and also on how businesses can compete with open source firms. However, very little research has been published in regards to the influence of OSS on business strategies; the use of OSS as a viable business or its value proposition within a commercial entity. The business model, a powerful tool for extracting economic value from the potential of technological innovation, clearly plays an important role in the success of a business. In this paper we investigate the role of open source in the business models of Red Hat and IBM and describe how OSS has contributed to their success. A framework recently developed by some of the authors is used to evaluate and identify the key factors important to the integration of OSS strategies into traditional business models.",10.1145/1632149.1632165
1010,InProceedings,Time series analysis of open-source software projects,"Open-source software projects are characterized by their loose management property. Most of the activities of their developers are voluntary instead of mandatory. Compared to closed-source software projects, open-source projects are less dependent on external turbulence, but more on its own structure and operation mechanism. In this paper, we assume that the activities of open-source software projects are only dependent on time. We use time series analysis techniques to study the time dependence of open-source software activities. The activities of open-source Software projects are extracted from mailing lists, bug reports, and revision history. Three mailing list (Linux, FreeBSD, and Apache HTTP), two bug archives (Eclipse and Apache Software Foundation), and one revision history (Apache Software Foundation) are mined. Various time series analysis techniques are used. We find that some activities of some open-source projects are cyclic and seasonally dependent, some are cyclic but seasonally independent, and some are acyclic. We build regression models for cyclic activities and analyzed their model accuracy.",10.1145/1566445.1566531
1011,Article,Tools to Fight Boredom: FLOSS and GNU/Linux for Artists Working in the   Field of Generative Music and Software Art,"This article takes a look at the impact the operating system,   programming languages and software, as a whole, have on the practice of   artists working in the field of generative music and software art.   Proprietary operating systems lack the openness needed to create an   environment that fulfills the specific needs of artists and musicians   who program and programmers who produce art and music. `Hackability',   the possibility to take things apart, modify, adjust, and improve, is an   ever more important aspect that software artists and electronic   musicians seek to include in their production environment. GNU/Linux and   Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) possess this feature, and many   more, providing artists with a truly creative and open environment, free   of unnecessary technical limitations, predetermined interaction, lack of   control over the work environment and dependence on software companies.",10.1080/07494460802664056
1012,InProceedings,Towards a Better Understanding of Software Evolution: An Empirical Study   on Open Source Software,"Software evolution is a fact of life. Over the past thirty years,   researchers have proposed hypotheses on how software changes, and   provided evidence that both supports and refutes these hypotheses. To   paint a clearer image of the software evolution process, we performed an   empirical study on long spans in the lifetime of seven open source   projects. Our analysis covers 653 official releases, and a combined 69   years of evolution. We first tried to verify Lehman's laws of software   evolution. Our findings indicate that several of these laws are   confirmed, while the rest can be either confirmed or infirmed depending   on the laws' operational definitions. Second, we analyze the growth rate   for projects' development and maintenance branches, and the distribution   of software changes. We find similarities in the evolution patterns of   the programs we studied, which brings us closer to constructing rigorous   models for software evolution.",10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306356
1013,Article,Two {Bits}: {The} {Cultural} {Significance} of {Free} {Software},"[...] he explores future directions for the movement by looking at the cases of the Connexions project (a collaborative online repository of educational modules), and Creative Commons (an activist group which seeks to modify existing legal structures to allow for greater openness and creativity).  Intellectual property law and its complex restrictions and incompatible foundations constitutes the ""blind spot of open systems"" (187).",10.1353/anq.0.0063
1014,InProceedings,Undergraduate Research Opportunities in OSS,"Using Open Source Software (OSS) in undergraduate teaching in   universities is now commonplace. Students use OSS applications and   systems in their courses on programming, operating systems, DBMS. web   development to name but a few. Studying OSS projects from both a product   and a process view also forms part of the software engineering   curriculum at various universities. Many students have taken part in OSS   projects as well as developers.   At the University of Lincoln, under the Undergraduate Research   Opportunities Scheme (UROS), undergraduate student researchers have the   chance to work over the summer embedded within an existing research   centre on a UROS project. Here two such projects within the Centre for   Research in Open Source Software (CROSS) are described: Collaborative   Development for the XO Laptop (CODEX) and Software Modularity in Open   Source Software (SoMOSS). The CODEX project focused on creating   resources to support students undertaking software application   development for the XO laptop, and the SoMOSS project focused on   architectural studies of OSS instant messaging software.   Both projects achieved successful research outcomes; more importantly,   both student researchers benefited directly from the encouragement and   concrete assistance that they received through interaction with the   wider OSS research community. Both projects are ongoing and present   further research opportunities for students.",NA
1016,InProceedings,Understanding Requirements for Open Source Software,"This study presents findings from an empirical study directed at   understanding the roles, forms, kind consequences arising in   requirements for open source software (OSS) development efforts. Five   open source software development communities are described, examined,   and compared to help discover what differences may be observed. At least   two dozen kinds of software informalisms are found to play a critical   role in the elicitation, analysis, specification, validation, and   management of requirements for developing OSS systems. Subsequently,   understanding the roles these software informalisms take in a new   formulation of the requirements development process for OSS is the focus   of this study. This focus enables considering a reformulation of the   requirements engineering process and its associated artifacts or   (in)formalisms to better account for the requirements when developing   OSS systems. Other findings identify how OSS requirements are   decentralized across multiple informalisms, and to the need for advances   in how to specify the capabilities of existing OSS systems.",NA
1017,Article,Understanding Sustained Participation in Open Source Software Projects,"Prior research into open source software (OSS) developer participation   has emphasized individuals' motivations for joining these volunteer   communities, but it has failed to explain why people stay or leave in   the long run. Building upon Lave and Wenger's theory of legitimate   peripheral participation (LPP), this paper offers a longitudinal   investigation of one OSS community in which sustained participation is   hypothesized to be associated with the coevolution of two major elements   of LPP theory: ``situated learning{''} (the process of acting   knowledgeably and purposefully in the world) and ``identity   construction{''} (the process of being identified within the community).   To test this hypothesis, data were collected from multiple sources,   including online public project documents, electronic mail messages,   tracker messages, and log files. Results from qualitative analyses   revealed that initial conditions to participate did not effectively   predict long-term participation, but that situated learning and identity   construction behaviors were positively linked to sustained   participation. Furthermore, this study reveals that sustained   participants distinguished themselves by consistently engaging in   situated learning that both made conceptual (advising others) and   practical contributions (improving the code). Implications and future   research are discussed.",10.2753/MIS0742-1222250401
1021,InProceedings,Users of Open Source Software - How Do They Get Help?,"A study was conducted across multiple open source software online technical help communities. This paper presents the types of discussions that occur, the types of questions asked and the type of responses that are given. The implications for socio-technical design are considered, exploring how help requests and discussions can be used to improve future help-giving, documentation and interface and functionality redesign.",10.1109/HICSS.2009.489
1022,InProceedings,Using open source software to engage students in computer science education,This panel will discuss issues and methods for incorporating free and open source software (FOSS) in computer science education. The panelists are investigating approaches to student participation in FOSS that produce results that are contributed to the FOSS community and actually used by others.,10.1145/1508865.1508915
1023,Article,VDEES: A Virtual Development Environment for Embedded Software Using   Open Source Software,"Consumer electronics are becoming more feature rich. Embedded system   developers use design and testing tools to make their products faster.   However, tool improvements have not kept pace with the rapid development   of customized hardware parts. The simulation of target system or virtual   platform helps developers of embedded software for consumer electronics   work without having to wait for the physical hardware to be available.   In this work, we designed and implemented a virtual development   environment for embedded software (VDEES). This environment provides the   tools to build a virtual platform according to a given target hardware   specification and to develop software to run oil the target hardware   with the virtual platform. VDEES is implemented at low cost by   exploiting open source software pack-ages and extended or customized   them to meet our requirements. VDEES provides a configuration tool for   composing a virtual target, a code editor for writing simulated   components, software to be run oil the tat-get, building tools for   binary images, a debugger for investigation of the software running oil   the virtual target, and a system monitor for the investigation of the   virtual target(1).",10.1109/TCE.2009.5174480
1024,Article,Virtual communities as a resource for the development of OSS projects:   the case of Linux ports to embedded processors,"Open source software (OSS) projects represent a new paradigm of software   creation and development based on hundreds or even thousands of   developers and users organised in the form of a virtual community. The   success of an OSS project is closely linked to the successful   organisation and development of the virtual community of support. The   main objective of this article is to analyse the activity of virtual   communities. Social network analysis is employed to analyse Linux ports   to embedded processors as a case study to achieve this aim. The obtained   results confirm the necessity of structuring the virtual community with   a selection of active developers and core members to promote community   activity and attract peripheral users, expanding the impact of the   underlying software. The obtained result will be useful for the software   industry migrating to the open source software paradigm.",10.1080/01449290903121394
1026,Article,Virtual organizational learning in open source software development   projects,"We studied virtual organizational learning in open source software (OSS)   development projects. Specifically, our research focused on learning   effects of OSS projects and the factors that affect the learning   process. The number and percentage of resolved bugs and bug resolution   time of 118 SourceForge.net OSS projects were used to measure the   learning effects. Projects were characterized by project type, number   and experience of developers, number of bugs, and bug resolution time.   Our results provided evidence of virtual organizational learning in OSS   development projects and support for several factors as determinants of   performance. Team size was a significant predictor, with mid-sized   project teams functioning best. Teams of three to seven developers   exhibited the highest efficiency over time and teams of eight to 15   produced the lowest mean time for bug resolution. Increasing the   percentage of bugs assigned to specific developers or boosting developer   participation in other OSS projects also improved performance.   Furthermore, project type introduced variability in project team   performance. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.im.2008.09.004
1028,Article,When does community participation enhance the performance of open source   software companies?,"This study examined how participation in open innovation communities   influences the innovative and financial performance of firms   commercializing open source software. Using an original dataset of open   Source companies in the Netherlands, I found that the community   participation-performance relationship is curvilinear. In addition,   results indicate that extensive technical participation in open source   projects is more strongly related to performance for firms that also   engage in social ({''}offline{''}) community activities, for companies   of larger size, and for firms with high R\\&D intensities. Overall, this   research refines our understanding of the boundary conditions under   which engagement in community-based innovation yields private returns to   commercial actors. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.respol.2009.06.004
1030,Article,"Why ""{Open} {Source}"" {Misses} the {Point} of {Free} {Software}","Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software. But most of these users have never heard of the ethical reasons for which developers developed this system and built the free software community, because today this system and community are more often described as ""open source,"" and attributed to a different philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned. Nearly all open source software is free software; the two terms describe almost the same category of software. But they stand for views based on fundamentally different values. Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement. As the advocates of open source draw new users into the community, free software activists must work even more to bring the issue of freedom to those new users attention.",NA
1031,Article,Willingness to Pay in an Open Source Software Environment,"Competition from open source software and free software (OSS/FS)   alternatives is causing proprietary software producers to reevaluate   product strategies. OSS/FS alternatives complicate an already complex   information goods market plagued by piracy concerns. Although producer   perspectives on software pricing and piracy controls have been addressed   extensively, consumers' perspective and willingness to pay for   commercial software is not very well understood. This paper empirically   determines willingness to pay for a leading commercial software   application (Microsoft Office) in the presence of an OSS/FS alternative.   A contingent valuation approach is used to elicit willingness to pay for   the application. The research design employs a 2 x 2 x 2 experiment to   investigate the impact of preventive control, deterrence control, and   OSS/FS alternative. The results indicate that the availability of an   OSS/FS alternative has little impact on willingness to pay for Microsoft   Office. However, piracy controls significantly increase willingness to   pay for Microsoft Office, even in the presence of OSS/FS alternatives.",10.1287/isre.1080.0176
1033,Article,YADE-OPEN DEM: an open-source software using a discrete element method   to simulate granular material,"Purpose - YADE-OPEN DEM is an open-source software based on the discrete   element method, (DEM) which uses object oriented programming techniques.   The purpose of this paper is to describe the software architecture.   Design/methodology/approach - The DEM chosen uses position, orientation,   velocity and angular velocity as independent variables of simulated   particles which are subject to explicit leapfrog time-integration scheme   (Lagrangian method). The three-dimensional dynamics equations based on   the classical Newtonian approach for the second law of motion are used.   The track of forces and moments acting on each particle is kept at every   time step. Contact forces depend on the particle geometry overlap and   material properties. The normal, tangential and moment components of   interaction force are included.   Findings - An effort is undertaken to extract the underlying object   oriented abstractions in the DEM. These abstractions are implemented in   C++, conform to object oriented design principles and use design   patterns. Based on that, a software framework is developed in which the   abstractions provide the interface where the modelling methods can be   plugged-in.   Originality/value - The resulting YADE-OPEN DEM framework is designed in   a generic way which provides great flexibility when adding new   scientific simulation code. Some of the advantages are that numerous   simulation methods can be coupled within the same framework while   plug-ins can import data from other software. In addition, this promotes   code improvement through open-source development and allows feedback   from the community. However implementing such models requires that one   adheres to the framework design and the YADE framework is a new emerging   software. To download the software see http : //yade.wikia.com webpage.",10.1108/02644400910985170
1034,Article,``Constructing the users{''} in open source software development An   interpretive case study of user participation,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report findings from an   interpretive case study on user participation in the open source   software (OSS) development context.   Design/methodology/approach - Through an empirical, interpretive case   study and a literature review utilising the metaphor of text in the   analysis, this paper provides a refined conceptualisation of user   participation in OSS development.   Findings - The paper reveals that different kinds of meanings have been   attached to users and to their participation. User participation is both   direct and indirect in the OSS development context. Some user groups   actively take part in OSS development, while others are merely   represented in it. Different kinds of intermediaries ``representing the   users{''} are identified.   Research limitations/implications - The research is based on one case   study on a small but active OSS project with an interest in users. Other   kinds of OSS projects should be analysed. The analysis was focused on a   discussion forum, but users can take part in OSS development by other   means as well. Paths for future work should include the gathering of   more varied empirical data.   Practical implications - The findings indicate that users can provide   feedback to the development through discussion forums in the distributed   environment, but there is a need to support the users in doing so and   the developers in analysing the data. The importance of different kinds   of intermediaries ``representing the users{''} is highlighted.   Originality/value - The paper provides thorough empirical insights and a   refined conceptualisation of user participation addressing the currently   weakly empirically explored OSS development context.",10.1108/09593840910962203
1035,Article,nofdp IDSS - a Free Software Product for Designing Nature-Oriented Flood   Protection Measures,"The nofdp IDSS (nature-oriented flood damage prevention Information and   Decision Support System) software is toolbox for interactively designing   and evaluating measures aiming at flood damage prevention. The software   is available free of charge as open source application at   http://nofdpidss.sourceforge.net. This application allows project   managers to analyze the impacts of flood protection measures with   respect to technical, hydraulic, ecological, economic as well as spatial   planning aspects (integrated River Basin Management). 21 different types   of floodprotection measures are implemented into the nofdp IDSS. The   nofdp IDSS was specially designed to foster the cooperation between   experts from different sectors for developing sustainable and   environmentally friendly flood protection solutions in the preliminary   planning phase.",NA
1037,Article,rNMR: open source software for identifying and quantifying metabolites   in NMR spectra,"Despite the extensive use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for   metabolomics, no publicly available tools have been designed for   identifying and quantifying metabolites across multiple spectra. We   introduce here a new open source software tool, rNMR, which provides a   simple graphics-based method for visualizing, identifying, and   quantifying metabolites across multiple one- or two-dimensional NMR   spectra. rNMR differs from existing software tools for NMR spectroscopy   in that analyses are based on regions of interest (ROIs) rather than   peak lists. ROIs contain all of the underlying NMR data within   user-defined chemical shift ranges. ROIs can be inspected visually, and   they support robust quantification of NMR signals. ROI-based analyses   support simultaneous views of metabolite signals from up to hundreds of   spectra, and ROI boundaries can be adjusted dynamically to ensure that   signals corresponding to assigned atoms are analyzed consistently   throughout the dataset. We describe how rNMR greatly reduces the time   required for robust bioanalytical analysis of complex NMR data. An rNMR   analysis yields a compact and transparent way of archiving the results   from a metabolomics study so that it can be examined and evaluated by   others. The rNMR website at http://rnmr.nmrfam.wisc.edu offers   downloadable versions of rNMR for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux   platforms along with extensive help documentation, instructional videos,   and sample data. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/mrc.2526
1038,Article,"{CODE} {IS} {SPEECH}: {Legal} {Tinkering}, {Expertise}, and {Protest} among {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Developers}","In this essay, I examine the channels through which Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) developers reconfigure central tenets of the liberal tradition -- and the meanings of both freedom and speech--to defend against efforts to constrain their productive autonomy. I demonstrate how F/OSS developers contest and specify the meaning of liberal freedom -- especially free speech -- through the development of legal tools and discourses within the context of the F/OSS project. I highlight how developers concurrently tinker with technology and the law using similar skills, which transform and consolidate ethical precepts among developers. I contrast this legal pedagogy with more extraordinary legal battles over intellectual property, speech, and software. I concentrate on the arrests of two programmers, Jon Johansen and Dmitry Sklyarov, and on the protests they provoked, which unfolded between 1999 and 2003. These events are analytically significant because they dramatized and thus made visible tacit social processes. They publicized the challenge that F/OSS represents to the dominant regime of intellectual property (and clarified the democratic stakes involved) and also stabilized a rival liberal legal regime intimately connecting source code to speech. Adapted from the source document.",10.1111/j.1548-1360.2009.01036.x
1039,Article,"{Constructing} the users"" in open source software development: {An} interpretive case study of user participation: {An} interpretive case study of user participation","The purpose of this paper is to report findings from an interpretive case study on user participation in the open source software (OSS) development context. Through an empirical, interpretive case study and a literature review utilising the metaphor of text in the analysis, this paper provides a refined conceptualisation of user participation in OSS development. The paper reveals that different kinds of meanings have been attached to users and to their participation. User participation is both direct and indirect in the OSS development context. Some user groups actively take part in OSS development, while others are merely represented in it. Different kinds of intermediaries representing the users are identified. The research is based on one case study on a small but active OSS project with an interest in users. Other kinds of OSS projects should be analysed. The analysis was focused on a discussion forum, but users can take part in OSS development by other means as well. Paths for future work should include the gathering of more varied empirical data. The findings indicate that users can provide feedback to the development through discussion forums in the distributed environment, but there is a need to support the users in doing so and the developers in analysing the data. The importance of different kinds of intermediaries representing the users is highlighted. The paper provides thorough empirical insights and a refined conceptualisation of user participation addressing the currently weakly empirically explored OSS development context.",10.1108/09593840910962203
1041,InProceedings,3D GIS DATA MODEL USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Today many kinds of applications requires data containing actual   three-dimensional data; fields like urban and town planning and   pollution studies need 3D data, both for visualization purpose, as well   as carry out many spatial analysis. This research -Management and use of   distributed 3D data by open source Web-GIS software - is part of the   Italian ``PRIN 2007{''}{*} research project, aimed to build urban and   suburban 3D models, and to interact with them using open source software   only.   Particularly free and open source software, used for the experimentation   here shown, are Blender and PostGIS; the first one has been used to   build and structure three-dimensional data, the second one for data   allocation. These software interact using scripts, written in Python   language.   Buildings have been modeled upon the GIANT3D model (Geographical   Interoperable Advanced Numerical Topological 3-Dimensional Model)   developed in the research ``PRIN 2004{''}, regarding ``Evolved structure   of numerical cartography for Gis and Web-GIS{''}.   Python scripts, activated by Blender, allow to allocate data into a   spatial database implemented through PostgreSQL and PostGis, that could   be a remote database somewhere on the net; all geometrical and   topological information, implemented in the 3D model, are so transferred   in PostGIS. These information can be retrieved by Blender using other   Python scripts, so Blender fully interacts with 3D data allocated in   PostGIS. These data can be also accessed by many other clients, both   directly using a database client, as using other protocols (like HTTP on   the internet). Next step is to build an open source viewer, or a plugin   for internet browsers, that allows client to visualize, explore and   inquiry 3D model, retrieving data from database.",NA
1042,InProceedings,A Case Study on the Transformation from Proprietary to Open Source   Software,"This paper presents an extensive analysis of static software quality   metrics changes for an open source enterprise database management system   (DBMS), as the software was moved from the proprietary into open source   software development environment. The software quality metrics of   special interest for the research are cyclomatic complexity, effective   lines of code, the degree of system modularity, and the amount of   comments in the code.",NA
1043,InProceedings,A Comparison Framework for Open Source Software Evaluation Methods,"The use of Open Source Software (OSS) components has become a viable   alternative to Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components in product   development. Since the quality of OSS products varies widely, both   industry and the research community have reported several OSS evaluation   methods that are tailored to the specific characteristics of OSS. We   have performed a systematic identification of these methods, and present   a comparison framework to compare these methods.",NA
1044,InProceedings,A FLOSS Tool for Antenna Radiation Patterns,"This paper briefly highlights the features of the software tool   {[}RadPat4W], named after Radiation Patterns for Windows, that is based   on an alternative exposition of fundamental Antenna Theory. This   stand-alone application is compatible with the {[}Wine] environment of   Linux and is part of a freeware suite, which is under active development   for many years. Nevertheless, the {[}RadPat4W] source code has been now   released as FLOSS Free Libre Open Source Software and thus it may be   freely used, copied, modified or redistributed, individually or   cooperatively, by the interested user to suit her/his personal needs for   reliable antenna applications, from the simplest to the more complex.",NA
1045,InProceedings,A FLOSS Visual EM Simulator for 3D Antennas,"This paper introduces the FLOSS Free Libre Open Source Software   {[}VEMSA3D], a contraction of ``Visual Electromagnetic Simulator for 3D   Antennas{''}, which are geometrically modeled, either exactly or   approximately, as thin wire polygonal structures; presents its GUI   Graphical User Interface capabilities, in interactive mode and/or in   handling suitable formed antenna data files; demonstrates the   effectiveness of its use in a number of practical antenna applications,   with direct comparison to experimental measurements and other freeware   results; and provides the inexperienced user with a specific list of   instructions to successfully build the given source code by using only   freely available IDE Integrated Development Environment tools including   a cross-platform one. The unrestricted access to source code, beyond the   ability for immediate software improvement, offers to independent users   and volunteer groups an expandable, in any way, visual antenna   simulator, for a genuine research and development work in the field of   antennas, adaptable to their needs.",NA
1047,InCollection,A FREE SOFTWARE PLATFORM FOR EMBEDDED REAL-TIME ROBOTICS AND INDUSTRIAL   AUTOMATION,"Embedded real-time platforms are a basic component of both robots and   machines for the automation of industrial processes. Although industrial   applications traditionally rely on PLC-based hardware and, in any case,   proprietary software, i.e. operating systems and development tools, in   recent years dramatic improvements in hardware computer power and free   software quality made realistic the employment of architectures based on   PC-compatible hardware and GNU/Linux software, more common in the   research community. The advantages of a free infrastructure, that can   become the terrain of fruitful cooperation between research institutions   and companies, can be exploited mainly in fields, in which the added   value is in the application, i.e. in mechanical and algorithmic   solutions, and where the point of view is that of aware users of an   infrastructure, rather than of R\\&D competitors. This is the case of the   project presented in the following, representing a success story in   which the discussion between a research group and a small enterprise led   to the identification of the requirements and the joined development of   a common software infrastructure. When the project started in 2004, both   partners, i.e. the Autonomous robotic systems and control group of   CNR-ISSIA and Green Project Srl, had to substitute the obsolete   platforms of their marine robots and marking machines for casting   products in steelworks with a stable software and hardware   infrastructure able of transparently integrating technological   improvements while remaining compatible with the past (backward   compatibility). On the basis of considerations, discussed below, about   system reliability, development and maintenance costs (including human   resources), foreseen compatibility and general technical soundness, the   choice was to verify the possibility of using standard GNU/Linux for   embedded real-time applications. The result is the main technical   contribution of this chapter, i.e. the practical demonstration of the   possibility of using standard GNU/Linux for implementing embedded   real-time control systems working up to a sampling frequency of at most   2 Khz. Furthermore, four years later, the developed system is still   demonstrating its capabilities transparently integrating technological   improvements and increasing more and more its performance thanks to the   new real-time properties of the Linux kernel.   A first operative release of the platform was completed in 2005 and   integrated with the CNR-ISSIA Charlie unmanned surface vehicle (USV) for   robotics research.   A second application was the porting to the platform of the software of   the control system of Hammer, a steelwork industrial machine used for   marking continuous casting products, developed by Greenproject s.r.l.   At the moment, the platform is supporting the development of the ALANIS   (Aluminium Autonomous Navigator for Intelligent Sampling) USV1 for   surface and underwater coastal monitoring. Moreover, the integration   with generic field buses and image acquisition systems is being carried   out.   After an introduction reporting a summary of related research in the   field and a discussion of the platform requirements, the key points of   the followed methodology for making GNU/Linux real-time will be   presented. Finally, two applications, a research one and an industrial   one, pointing out the basic real-time structures that the platform is   required to implement, will be described.",NA
1051,InProceedings,A Framework to Represent Antecedents of User Interest in Open-Source   Software Projects,"This paper uses a literature survey to gain an insight into existing   studies on the success of open source software (OSS) projects. Current   literature has studied various aspects of OSS success such as project   activity, user interest, and project effectiveness. However, this study   focuses on user interest because, according to prior research, a higher   user interest contributes to positive project outcomes (e.g. product   quality, project performance, and project vitality). Based on the   literature survey in this study, we found 43 conceptually distinct   determinants of user interest in OSS projects. We classified them into 7   broad categories of including project status, project characteristics,   community contribution, process, network structure, product   characteristics, and resources. Implications for practice and research   are also presented.",NA
1053,InProceedings,A Longitudinal Analysis of the Dependency Concentration in Smaller   Modules for Open-Source Software Products,"Our recent studies on single releases of multiple open-source software   (OSS) products showed a higher concentration of dependencies in smaller   modules. For one of the products, it was observed that an isolatable and   observable refactoring initiative exacerbated this concentration   inequality. In this paper, we empirically investigate the dependency   concentration in smaller modules from a longitudinal perspective: (1)   whether this concentration inequality always exists over product life   time; (2) how it changes. We hypothesize that the concentration   inequality should either remain at same levels or increase over time.   This is because large-scale and long-lived software products usually go   through some degree of continuous and intermittent refactoring. Our   results show that dependencies concentrate in smaller classes in all   releases, and this concentration inequality generally increases over   successive releases. We suggest that software practitioners continuously   pay a higher QA attention to smaller modules. We also recommend   increasing such QA focus as a product matures and goes through   refactoring activities.",NA
1055,InProceedings,A Media Sharing Platform Built With Open Source Software,"Sharing and handling media files in a professional context often   requires expensive software packages. Within the EBU P/SCAIE project, a   platform was required that could handle an abundance of professional   file formats, arbitrary large file sizes and which did not pose   restrictions on the metadata format used. As there was no such software   available, we decided to build a custom web-based platform, based on   loosely coupled open source components.   This paper explains the architecture of the resulting platform. With a   minimum of custom code, we have created a powerful platform that meets   our requirements. This integration, described in the paper, is of use to   organizations wishing to build their own media platform using open   source components.",NA
1056,InProceedings,A Network of FLOSS Competence Centres,"The goal of a Network of Competence Centers is to provide to FLOSS   users, developers, and consumers, high-quality resources and expertise   on the various topics related to FLOSS. This may be achieved via   education, training, consulting, hosting, and certification not only in   terms of tools and platforms but also methodologies, studies, and best   practices. Based on the experience of QualiPSo Competence Centres, we   observe how such a Network is working as a mechanism for sharing success   stories, failures, questions, recommendations, best practices, and any   kind of information that could help the establishment of a solid   international collaborative environment for supporting quality in FLOSS.   New Competence Centres are invited to the QualiPSo Network after their   proposals are evaluated by the QualiPSo Competence Centres Board to   ensure that the prospective Competence Centre is compliant with the   QualiPSo Network Agreement, sharing a common vision and ethics. Each   Competence Centre acts in its geographical region to increase the   awareness of FLOSS and to better prepare the IT workforce for developing   and using FLOSS based solutions. As of 2009, the process for Competence   Centre creation is sustainable and reusable; guidelines for establishing   proposals and opening new Competence Centres have been created, and   promotion of Qualipso Competence Centres is done world wide from India   to USA thanks to key initiatives such as the Open World Forum and the   FLOSS Competence Centre Summit. This lecture will expose how these   Competence Centres relate to each other, which governance model is used   and, based on existing experiences, will describe how they currently   operate in Europe and Brazil and what is planned in Italy, Belgium,   Japan, and China for 2010.",NA
1058,InProceedings,A Project Monitoring Cockpit Based On Integrating Data Sources in Open   Source Software Development,"Many open source software (OSS) development projects use tools and   models that come from heterogeneous sources. A project manager, who   wants to analyze indicators for the state of the project based on these   data sources, faces the challenge of how to link semi-structured   information on common concepts across heterogeneous data sources, e.g.,   source code versions, mailing list entries, and bug reports.   Unfortunately, manual analysis is costly, error-prone, and often yields   results late for decision making. In this paper we propose linking OSS   data sources using semantic web technologies as foundation for providing   integrated indicators project status analysis. We introduce the design   concept of a project monitoring cockpit, Pro-MonCo, and evaluate the   feasibility and effectiveness with a pro-totype for calculating   communication metrics in a real-world context, the Apache Tomcat   project. Major result was that Pro-MonCo efficiently supports frequent   project monitoring by calculating communication metrics based on   semantically integrated data originating from heterogeneous OSS project   data sources.",NA
1059,InProceedings,A Study of the Relationships between Source Code Metrics and Attractiveness in Free Software Projects,"A significant number of Free Software projects has been widely used and considered successful. However, there is an even larger number of them that cannot overcome the initial step towards building an active community of users and developers. In this study, we investigated whether there are relationships between source code metrics and attractiveness, i.e., the ability of a project to attract users and developers. To verify these relationships, we analyzed 6,773 Free Software projects from the SourceForge.net repository. The results indicated that attractiveness is indeed correlated to some source code metrics. This suggests that measurable attributes of the project source code somehow affect the decision to contribute and adopt a Free Software project. The findings described in this study show that it is relevant for project leaders to monitor source code quality, most specifically a few objective metrics, since these can have a positive influence in their chances of forming a community of contributors and users around the software, enabling further enhancement in its quality.",10.1109/SBES.2010.27
1060,InProceedings,A Systematic Review of Studies of Open Source Software Evolution,"Software evolution relates to how software systems evolve over time.   With the emergence of the open source paradigm, researchers are provided   with a wealth of data for open source software evolution analysis. In   this paper, we present a systematic review of open source software (OSS)   evolution. The objective of this review is to obtain an overview of the   existing studies in open source software evolution, with the intention   of achieving an understanding of how software evolvability (i.e., a   software system's ability to easily accommodate changes) is addressed   during development and evolution of open source software. The primary   studies for this review were identified based on a pre-defined search   strategy and a multi-step selection process. Based on their research   topics, we have identified four main categories of themes: software   trends and patterns, evolution process support, evolvability   characteristics addressed in OSS evolution, and examining OSS at   software architecture level. A comprehensive overview and synthesis of   these categories and related studies is presented as well.",10.1109/APSEC.2010.48
1062,InCollection,A Test of Lazear's Theory of Entrepreneurship in the Open Source   Software Virtual Community,"This paper studies the emergence of entrepreneurs and their skill   profile in the open source software (OSS) community. We test the   hypothesis that entrepreneurs, carrying out complex, multitask   activities, have more balanced skill sets compared with individuals who   are less involved in project management activities. Our empirical   analysis employs the SourceForge dataset containing information on   77,039 individuals working in 54,229 OSS projects. We estimate logit and   ordered logit models to explore the likelihood that an individual is a   project founder or manager. Our main regressors include individual   attributes like skill level and diversity, and project-level controls.   Results support our hypothesis.",10.1007/978-1-4419-0058-6\\_10
1063,InProceedings,A Time-Lag Analysis for Improving Communication among OSS Developers,"In the open source software (OSS) development environment, a   communication time-lag among developers is more likely to happen due to   time differences among locations of developers and differences of   working hours for OSS development. A means for effective communication   among OSS developers has been increasingly demanded in recent years,   since an OSS product and its users requires a prompt response to issues   such as defects and security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose   an analysis method for observing the time-lag of communication among   developers in an OSS project and then facilitating the communication.",NA
1064,InProceedings,A framework for analysing and visualising open source software ecosystems,"Nowadays, most empirical studies in open source software evolution are based on the analysis of program code alone. In order to get a better understanding of how software evolves over time, many more entities that are part of the software ecosystem need to be taken into account. We present a general framework to automate the analysis of the evolution of software ecosystems. The framework incorporates a database that stores all relevant information obtained thanks to several mining tools, and provides a unified data source to visualisation tools. One such visualisation tool is integrated in order to get a first quick overview of the evolution of different aspects of the software project under study. The framework is extensible in order to accommodate more and different types of input and output, depending on the needs of the user. We compare our framework against existing solutions, and show how we can use this framework for carrying out concrete ecosystem evolution experiments.",10.1145/1862372.1862384
1065,Article,A human environmentalist approach to diffusion in {ICT} policies: {A} case study of the {FOSS} policy of the {South} {African} {Government}: {A} case study of the {FOSS} policy of the {South} {African} {Government},"Purpose - Through an evaluation of the information technology (IT) adoption and diffusion models and the free and/or open source policy of the South African Government, the underlying assumption is that the developmental divide between those with and those without access to technology is purely technical. This paper aims to illustrate that if Free and/or Open Source Software is to be used as a building block to bridge the ""digital divide"" a more social and environmental perspective, which embraces the philosophy behind the software, needs to complement the technical perspective. The human environmental model is presented as a useful alternative which, if embraced, can inform more holistic information and communication technology (ICT) policies. Design/methodology/approach - Through a review of diffusion of innovations models an alternative diffusion framework is described and applied to an interpretive open source case study in South Africa. Findings - Contemporary diffusion and innovation models are narrowly focused on IT as a purely technological linear phenomenon. This perspective also underlies many ICT policies. A more socio-technical adoption model can assist in providing a more holistic approach to ICT policy development. Originality/value - The application of a new innovation model, the human environmental model, to ICT policy provides a holistic framework in which the complexity of the innovation process can be reflected in policy. Such an approach to ICT policy formulation will assist with broadening the perspective of policy makers from IT as a technical solution to IT as part of a socio-technical solution and recognise the duality of the innovation process.",10.1108/14779961011024837
1066,Article,A la {Carte} {Community}: {Identity} and values in the open source software project {TYPO3},"The exchange of open source software is a phenomenon that is becoming in- creasingly significant to IT users. This article presents the results of a study of the TYPO3 community, a community related to an open source CMS software. The article explores the community, identity and values of TYPO3 and shows that there are high levels of virtual as well as face-to-face interaction among the members. The participants feel that they belong to the community and many also feel that they are recognised as part of the community. However, the members do not share common values neither in relation to software pro- duction nor generally. Instead, they stress that you are free to choose your own values. Against this background, the authors introduce the notion of an ‘a la carte community’, i.e. a community where individuals pick and choose their degree of participation and integra- tion into the community and its values.",NA
1067,InProceedings,A longitudinal analysis of the dependency concentration in smaller modules for open-source software products,"Our recent studies on single releases of multiple open-source software (OSS) products showed a higher concentration of dependencies in smaller modules. For one of the products, it was observed that an isolatable and observable refactoring initiative exacerbated this concentration inequality. In this paper, we empirically investigate the dependency concentration in smaller modules from a longitudinal perspective: (1) whether this concentration inequality always exists over product life time; (2) how it changes. We hypothesize that the concentration inequality should either remain at same levels or increase over time. This is because large-scale and long-lived software products usually go through some degree of continuous and intermittent refactoring. Our results show that dependencies concentrate in smaller classes in all releases, and this concentration inequality generally increases over successive releases. We suggest that software practitioners continuously pay a higher QA attention to smaller modules. We also recommend increasing such QA focus as a product matures and goes through refactoring activities.",10.1109/ICSM.2010.5609568
1068,Article,"A new approach to landslide geomorphological mapping using the Open   Source software in the Olvera area (Cadiz, Spain)","This paper presents the preliminary results of a geomorphological survey   of the Olvera area (Cadiz province, Betic Ranges, Spain) and the use of   the Geographic Information System (GIS) Open Source (OS) software plus   Database Management System (DBMS) for making available and distributing   the landslide data over the Web. In the geomorphologic survey, different   landforms have been identified in the area, including structural,   anthropogenic, fluvial, karst, and slope forms. In particular, the   majority of the slope forms are complex (from topple to rotational   slides and falls), but there are also minor forms like debris flows and   mudslides. To manage geomorphological data, an Open Source GIS was used,   which contained the following components: QuantumGIS, System for   Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA), GIS and Geographic Resources   Analysis Support System (GRASS), GIS for Digital Elevation Model (DEM)   generation. A key aim was to make the project-derived data available   over the Web. This was achieved using MapServer which allows for the   representation of the derived geospatial data with pMapper providing the   graphical Web interface. Our study highlights the process dynamics of   run-off erosion in Olvera derived through the use of advanced   computer-based mapping tools. The resulting map products and   interpretations are available via the Internet. To date, derivative maps   have been produced to improve maintenance of roads and transport and of   the construction of new infrastructure.",10.1007/s10346-009-0181-4
1069,InProceedings,A systematic review of research on open source software in commercial software product development,"Background: The popularity of the open source software development in the last decade, has brought about an increased interest from the industry on how to use open source components, participate in the open source community, build business models around this type of software development, and learn more about open source development methodologies.Aim: The aim of this study is to review research carried out on usage of open source components and development methodologies by the industry, as well as companies' participation in the open source community.Method: Systematic review through searches in library databases and manual identification of articles from the open source conference.Results: 19 articles were identified.Conclusions: The articles could be divided into four categories: open source as part of component based software engineering, business models with open source in commercial organization, company participation in open source development communities, and usage of open source processes within a company.",NA
1070,InProceedings,A systems thinking model for open source software development in social media,"In this paper a social media model, based on systems thinking methodology is proposed to understand the behavior of the open source software development community working in social media.The proposed model is focused on relational influences of two different systems-social media and the open source community. This model can be useful for taking decisions which are complicated and where solutions are not apparent. Based on the proposed model, an efficient way of working in open source development community within social media can be found.",10.1145/1835980.1835987
1071,InProceedings,AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON DESIGN PATTERN USAGE ON OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Currently, open source software communities are thriving and the number   of projects that are available through well known code repositories is   rapidly increasing The amount of code that is freely available to   developers facilitates high reuse opportunities. One of the major   concerns of developers when reusing code is the quality of the code that   is going to be reused. Design patterns are well known solutions that are   reported to produce substantial benefits with respect to software   quality. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which design   patterns are employed in open source software. More specifically, this   study reports empirical results based on the number and type of design   patterns retrieved from open source software projects. Up to now, one   hundred and eight (108) open source software projects of various   characteristics have been considered. The results of the study suggest   that several patterns are more frequently used in open source software   than others, that some patterns are more applicable in some categories   than others and that program size, number of downloads, days of project   activity and the number of developers are crucial factors that influence   the use of design patterns in open source software project.",NA
1072,Article,ATTRACTIVENESS OF FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECTS: THEORETICAL   IMPORTANCE AND STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT,"Thousands of Free and Open Source Software Projects (FSP) were, and   continually are, created on the Internet. This scenario increases the   number of opportunities to collaborate to the same extent that it   promotes competition for users and contributors, who can guide projects   to superior levels, unachievable by founders alone. Thus, given that the   main goal of FSP founders is to improve their projects by means of   collaboration, the importance to understand and manage the capacity of   attracting users and contributors to the project is established. To   support researchers and founders in this challenge, the concept of   attractiveness is introduced in this paper, which develops a   theoretical-managerial toolkit about the causes, indicators and   consequences of attractiveness, enabling its strategic management.",10.1590/S0034-75902010000400007
1073,InProceedings,Adaptive monitoring in microkernel OSs,"The microkernel architecture has been investigated by both industries and the academia for the development of dependable Operating Systems (OSs). This work copes with a relevant issue for this architecture, namely unresponsive components because of deadlocks and infinite loops. In particular, a monitor sends heartbeat messages to a component that should reply within a timeout. The timeout choice is tricky, since it should be dynamically adapted to the load conditions of the system. Therefore, our approach is based on an adaptive heartbeat mechanism, in which the timeout is estimated from past response times. We implement and compare three estimation algorithms for the choice of the timeout in the context of the Minix 3 OS. From the analysis we derive useful guidelines for choosing the best algorithm with respect to system requirements.",10.1109/DSNW.2010.5542619
1074,InProceedings,Adoption of Free Software at Brazilian Universities,"This research aims to analyze the adoption of free software (FS) by   college students, through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). It   represents an exploratory study where the multiple case study was used   as a research strategy. Interviews, document analysis, and survey were   used as data collection methods. The quantitative stage of the research   used the statistical technique of Factor Analysis and the qualitative   stage used the technique of Content Analysis. Through these techniques   it was possible to identify significant differences in the adoption of   FS between a public university and a private university. Aspects of the   environments of these institutions, as well as specific characteristics   of the students were analyzed.",NA
1075,InProceedings,Adoption of Open Source Software in Healthcare,"The Open Source (OS) platform is a new paradigm for software development   in which several parties serve as volunteers in the design, coding,   testing, debugging, distribution, and documentation of OS software   projects. Open source software (OSS) is experiencing an exponential   growth in several industries such as finance, sales and marketing,   pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing. However, the adoption of OSS in   healthcare has been slow despite the availability of several quality   applications for the healthcare industry. In this paper, we outline the   salient characteristics of OSS, including the development process for   OSS, license types, and revenue models, and then discuss major factors   that affect the uptake of OSS by organizations. With a detailed   discussion of BI (Business Intelligence) and other open source   applications available in healthcare, we conclude that the adoption of   OSS in healthcare requires a comprehensive understanding of not only the   needs of the healthcare sector, the types and complexities of OS   applications, and how they interact with various organizational factors.",NA
1076,Article,Adoption of open source software in software-intensive organizations - {A} systematic literature review,"Open source software (OSS) is changing the way organizations develop, acquire, use, and commercialize software. This paper seeks to identify how organizations adopt OSS, classify the literature according to these ways of adopting OSS, and with a focus on software development evaluate the research on adoption of OSS in organizations. Based on the systematic literature review method, the authors reviewed publications from 24 journals and seven conference and workshop proceedings, published between 1998 and 2008. From a population of 24,289 papers, the authors identified 112 papers that provide empirical evidence on how organizations actually adopt OSS. The authors show that adopting OSS involves more than simply using OSS products. The authors moreover provide a classification framework consisting of six distinctly different ways in which organizations adopt OSS. The authors find that existing research on OSS adoption does not sufficiently describe the context of the organizations studied, and it fails to benefit fully from related research fields.",NA
1077,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of Fan-In and Fan-Out in Java OSS,"Coupling is a well researched topic in the Object-Oriented (OO) research community and its influence on class cohesion is well understood. In this paper, we present an empirical study exploring the effect of method calling on class cohesion using two coupling metrics, namely fan-in and fan-out. Three Java, open-source systems (OSS) were used as a basis of the study. A small number of classes were found to account for the vast majority of fan-in and fan-out. We also found the impact of fan-out on class cohesion to be higher than that of fan-in. Classes containing fan-out tended to have lower cohesion than those containing fan-in.",10.1109/SERA.2010.15
1078,InProceedings,An Empirical Study on the Structural Complexity Introduced by Core and Peripheral Developers in Free Software Projects,"Background: Several factors may impact the process of software maintenance and evolution of free software projects, including structural complexity and lack of control over its contributors. Structural complexity, an architectural concern, makes software projects more difficult to understand, and consequently more difficult to maintain and evolve. The contributors in a free software project exhibit different levels of participation in the project, and can be categorized as core and peripheral developers. Research aim: This research aims at characterising the changes made to the source code of 7 web server projects written in C with respect to the amount of structural complexity added or removed and the developer level of participation. Method: We performed a observational study with historical data collected from the version control repositories of those projects, recording structural complexity information for each change as well as identifying each change as performed by a core or a peripheral developer. Results and conclusions: We have found that core developers introduce less structural complexity than peripheral developers in general, and that in the case of complexity-reducing activities, core developers remove more structural complexity than peripheral developers. These results demonstrate the importance of having a stable and healthy core team to the sustainability of free software projects.",10.1109/SBES.2010.26
1080,Article,An Investigation of an Open-Source Software Development Environment in a   Software Engineering Course,"A semester-long ethnography study was carried out to investigate   project-based learning in a graduate software engineering course through   the implementation of an Open-Source Software Development (OSSD)   learning environment, which featured authentic projects, learning   community, cognitive apprenticeship, and technology affordances. The   study revealed that while the OSSD learning environment motivated   students to engage in real-world projects, tensions arose between the   the innovative learning environment and the students'   self-processes-their perceptions, expectations, beliefs, goals, and   values. Most importantly, this study demonstrated key interplays between   project authenticity and learner characteristics, which resulted in   different identity representations and different perceptions among   students, which in turn affected students' goal orientations, motivation   to work on projects, commitment to team collaboration, attitudes toward   expert coaching and feedback, and the use of collaborative technologies.",10.7771/1541-5015.1120
1081,Article,An open source software package for automated extraction of <i>ITS1</i>   and <i>ITS2</i> from fungal <i>ITS</i> sequences for use in   high-throughput community assays and molecular ecology,"We introduce an open source software utility to extract the highly   variable ITS1 and ITS2 subregions from fungal nuclear ITS sequences, the   region of choice for environmental sampling and molecular identification   of fungi. Inclusion of parts of the neighbouring, very conserved,   ribosomal genes in the sequence identification process regularly leads   to distorted results. The utility is available for UNIX-type operating   systems, including MacOS X, and processes about 1000 sequences per   minute. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.funeco.2010.05.002
1082,Article,Analysis of virtual communities supporting OSS projects using social   network analysis,"This paper analyses the behaviour of virtual communities for Open Source   Software (OSS) projects. The development of OSS projects relies on   virtual communities, which are built on relationships among members,   being their final objective sharing knowledge and improving the   underlying project. This study addresses the interactive collaboration   in these kinds of communities applying social network analysis (SNA). In   particular, SNA techniques will be used to identify those members   playing a middle-man role among other community members. Results will   illustrate the importance of this role to achieve successful virtual   communities. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2009.10.007
1086,InProceedings,Applying SCRUM in an OSS Development Process: An Empirical Evaluation,"Open Source Software development often resembles Agile models. In this   paper, we report about our experience in using SCRUM for the development   of an Open Source Software Java tool. With this work, we aim at   answering the following research questions: 1) is it possible to switch   successfully to the SCRUM methodology in an ongoing Open Source Software   development process? 2) is it possible to apply SCRUM when the   developers are geographically distributed? 3) does SCRUM help improve   the quality of the product and the productivity of the process? We   answer to these questions by identifying a set of measures and by   comparing the data we collected before and after the introduction of   SCRUM. The results seem to show that SCRUM can be introduced and used in   an ongoing geographically distributed Open Source Software process and   that it helps control the development process better.",NA
1087,InProceedings,BIM FOR GEO-ANALYSIS (BIM4GEOA): SET UP OF 3D INFORMATION SYSTEM WITH   OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND OPEN SPECIFICATION (OS).,"To address the challenges of sustainable management and development of   the built environment, engineers and facility managers need to exploit   the 3D City models which grown in recent years to include interior   space. A crucial issue for facilitating interaction with these 3D city   models is the ability to integrate 3D BIM into the geospatial context.   This requires the use of specialized software and specific expertise. In   order to simplify this process, we here propose an information system   that facilitates the use of BIM for geo-analysis purposes. BIM4GeoA is a   concept for combining existing open source software and open   specification for efficient data management and analysis of Building   Information within its boarder context. The core components are the   spatial database PostgreSQL/PostGIS, the building information server,   the industrial foundation class (IFC), the Google Earth 3D viewer, and   the existing 3D OGC standard (KML, CityGML). This paper presents the   procedure used to enable the development of this new expert system as   applied to the context of 3D Web GIS. A thorough analysis of the   strength and weakness of these different components has been undertaken   to employ it is strength and override its weakness. The system   architecture is operationally used in developing different applications   for the management of a university campus; a large potential is provided   for operational tasks of facility management department, such as   utilities infrastructure, as well as public community (student, staff)   like routing application, searching for a person with defined criteria.",NA
1089,InProceedings,BULB: Onion-Based Measuring of OSS Communities,"Up to date information on the associated developer community plays a key   role when a company working with open source software makes business   decisions. Although methods for getting such information have been   developed, decisions are often based on scarce information. In this   paper a measuring model for open source communities, BULB, is   introduced. BULB provides a way of collecting relevant information and   relates it to the well-known onion model of open source communities.",NA
1090,Article,Building {Spaces} of {Exclusivity}: {An} {Ethnographic} {Approach} to {Indian} and {Colombian} {Women}'s {Role} and {Experience} in {Local} {Free} {Software} {Communities},"This paper aims to account for the ways women integrating the free software community in two countries from the global South negotiate with feminizing paradigms imposed to them by the collectives interested in popularizating free technologies. Through an ethnographic approach to vital experiences of women in the Indian collective Linux-Chix, and holding a dialog with the experiences of non-organized women in the free software community in Colombia, this paper suggests these negotiations are going to be materialized primarily in the constitution of survival strategies from which certain civilizing projects are particularly vindicated, some of which seem to promote a Western paradigm of female subjectivity. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1092,InProceedings,COMBINING SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES AND DATA MINING TO ENDOW BSS/OSS SYSTEMS   WITH INTELLIGENCE <i>Particularization to an International Telecom   Company Tariff System</i>,"Businesses need to ``reduce costs{''} and improve their   ``time-to-market{''} to compete in a better position. Systems must   contribute to these two goals through good designs and technologies that   give them agility and flexibility towards change. Semantics and Data   Mining are two key pillars to evolve the current legacy systems towards   smarter systems that adapt to changes better. In this article we present   some solutions to evolve the existing systems, where the end user has   the possibility of modifying the functioning of the systems   incorporating new business rules in a Knowledge Base.",NA
1093,InCollection,CONCEPTUAL DISTANCE ANALYSIS OF OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPER NETWORK,"Open-source software project mailing lists are key communication   platforms which support collaboration and coordination between various   stakeholders such as managers, developers, and users during the various   stages of a software development process, namely, software analysis,   design, -implementation, and testing. A virtual social network is   therefore formed through a mailing list, in which, each subscriber could   be a node of the network, and the communications (email messages) could   be the links of the network. Due to the virtual property of this   network, physical (geographical) distance between network nodes is   usually considered irrelevant. Instead, what is more important is the   conceptual distance that captures the key properties of this virtual   network. This paper studies the open-source software developer network.   Two types representation of the conceptual distance, message reply   distance and common keyword distance, are defined. Appling these two   types of conceptual distances, the mailing list of Linux kernel project   is mined and virtual networks are constructed and analyzed. The   evolution of Linux Kernel Mailing List social network is studied, where   Mantel test is used to study the similarities and correlations between   social networks. The study shows that in open-source software projects,   (1) conceptual distances could be the key components in constructing the   workspace of the developer network, and (2) Mantel test could be a   powerful tool in studying the network.",NA
1094,Article,Certification of open-source software: A role for formal methods?,"Despite its huge success and increasing incorporation in complex,   industrial-strength applications, open source software, by the very   nature of its open, unconventional, distributed development model, is   hard to assess and certify in an effective, sound and independent way.   This makes its use and integration within safety or security-critical   systems, a risk. And, simultaneously an opportunity and a challenge for   rigourous, mathematically based, methods which aim at pushing software   analysis and development to the level of a mature engineering   discipline.   This paper discusses such a challenge and proposes a number of ways in   which open source development may benefit from the whole patrimony of   formal methods.",NA
1095,InProceedings,Challenges in using open source software in product development: a review of the literature,"Component-Based Software Development has become a popular approach to building software intensive systems. Besides using Commercial Off-The-Shelf components, an organization may choose to use Open Source Software components. Using OSS has been reported to have many benefits, but there are also challenges involved. Understanding the potential challenges of using OSS in developing products is important for practitioners, so they become aware of them and can anticipate them and take appropriate measures to address these challenges. We have performed a thorough review of the literature to identify challenges that may arise, as reported in the literature. This paper presents and discusses these findings. Researchers can discuss potential causes and solutions of our synthesized findings as well as benefit from provided references to literature on OSS challenges as input for future research.",10.1145/1833272.1833276
1096,Article,"Code Reuse in Open Source Software Development: Quantitative Evidence,   Drivers, and Impediments","The focus of existing open source software (OSS) research has been on   how and why individuals and firms add to the commons of public OSS   code-that is, on the ``giving{''} side of this open innovation process.   In contrast, research on the corresponding ``receiving{''} side of the   innovation process is scarce. We address this gap, studying how existing   OSS code is reused and serves as an input to further OSS development.   Our findings are based on a survey with 686 responses from OSS   developers. As the most interesting results, our multivariate analyses   of developers' code reuse behavior point out that developers with larger   personal networks within the OSS community and those who have experience   in a greater number of OSS projects reuse more, presumably because both   network size and a broad project experience facilitate local search for   reusable artifacts. Moreover, we find that a development paradigm that   calls for releasing an initial functioning version of the software   early-as the ``credible promise{''} in OSS-leads to increased reuse.   Finally, we identify developers' interest in tackling difficult   technical challenges as detrimental to efficient reuse-based innovation.   Beyond OSS, we discuss the relevance of our findings for companies   developing software and for the receiving side of open innovation   processes, in general.",NA
1098,InCollection,Collaboration Practices and Affordances in Free/Open Source Software   Development,"This chapter examines collaborative work practices, development   processes, project and community dynamics, and other socio-technical   relationships in free and open source software development (FOSSD). It   also describes what kinds of collaboration affordances facilitate   collaborative work in FOSSD projects. It reviews a set of empirical   studies of FOSSD that articulate different levels of analysis. Finally,   there is discussion of limitations and constraints in understanding what   collaboration practices and affordances arise in FOSSD studies and how   they work, and then to emerging opportunities for future FOSSD studies.",10.1007/978-3-642-10294-3\\_15
1099,InProceedings,Collaborative Distance Teaching of Electronics in Synchronous and   Asynchronous Environments Using Free Software,"The aim of this work was to diversify the supply of vocational training   in electronics by developing a methodology based on synchronous and   asynchronous distance teaching with access to a specific software for   the realization of Online experiments. Despite the fact that Online   courses exist in a great quantity, only a few of them deal with complex   technologies and collaborative practical activities.",NA
1100,InProceedings,Collaborative distance teaching of electronics in synchronous and asynchronous environments using free software,"The aim of this work was to diversify the supply of vocational training in electronics by developing a methodology based on synchronous and asynchronous distance teaching with access to a specific software for the realization of Online experiments. Despite the fact that Online courses exist in a great quantity, only a few of them deal with complex technologies and collaborative practical activities.",NA
1101,InProceedings,Collecting data about FLOSS development: the FLOSSMetrics experience,"The FLOSSMetrics project has set up a system that has already collected detailed information from software development repositories of about 3,000 FLOSS (free, libre, open source software) projects. The system is capable of retrieving data from source code management, mailing lists, and issue tracking repositories. All the data obtained is stored in an SQL database, with a structure intended to facilitate further analysis and studies. All the data is also published, so that researchers can use it for their own purposes. This paper describes how FLOSSMetrics can be used to better understand how a FLOSS project is developed, and how several projects can be compared, by analyzing some VoIP clients.",10.1145/1833272.1833278
1102,Article,Community-based production of geographic information using open source   software and Web 2.0,"This article presents an innovative approach to citizen-led production   of Web-based geographic information where new and/or existing digital   map features are linked to annotations or commentary and citizens engage   in synchronous and/or asynchronous discussion. The article discusses the   relationship of the approach to public participation geographic   information systems (PPGISs) and the emerging challenges associated with   volunteered geographic information. A custom-developed, open source   software tool named MapChat is used to facilitate the citizen inputs and   discussions. The information generated from applying the approach   through a series of community workshops is presented and discussed in   light of current issues in PPGIS and volunteered geographic information   research.",10.1080/13658810903213288
1103,Article,Comparing practices for reuse in integration-oriented software product   lines and large open source software projects,"This article compares the organization and practices for software reuse   in integration-oriented software product lines (SPLs) and open source   software projects The main observation is that both approaches are   successful regarding large variability and reuse, but differ widely in   their practices, and organization To capture practices in large open   source projects, we describe an open compositional model, which reflects   their more decentralized organization of software development We capture   key practices and organizational forms for this and validate these by   comparing four case studies of this model Two of these studies are based   on published SPL case studies, for the other two we analyze the   practices in two large and successful open source projects based on   their published developer documentation Our analysis highlights key   differences between the practices in the two open source organizations   and the more integrational practices used in the other two cases   Finally, we discuss which practices are successful in which environment   and how the current practices can move towards more open, widely scoped   and distributed software development Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley \\&   Sons, Ltd",10.1002/spe.955
1105,InProceedings,Consumer Creativity and Ideological Conflicts: An Investigation of the   Free/Open Source Software Community,NA,NA
1106,InProceedings,Corporatizing Open Source Software Innovation in the Plone Community,"Increasingly open source (OS) software development is organized in a way   similar to how a corporation would organize development. This paper   examines this corporatizing effect by studying the relationship between   peer-oriented social structures and goal-oriented technical structures   in the Plone community. Social structures are said to exhibit   assortative mixing, a like attract like characteristic whereas technical   structures exhibits an opposite effect of disassortative mixing. Our   first finding suggests that the patterns of collaborative contributions   and interdependences among software modules exhibit the characteristic   of disassortative mixing. Specifically, Plone developers were more   likely to contribute to modules that already have a high concentration   of contributions, which in turn lead to an increase in module reuse over   time. This finding contributes to the debate of whether social systems   are strictly assortative, and technological systems strictly   disassortative (Newman, 2002). Our second contribution concerns the   impact of corporatizing OSS projects, suggesting that corporatizing OS   development had the effect of weakening the social organizing among   developers, and shifted the patterns of contributions to adhere with the   technical requirements.",NA
1107,InProceedings,"Database Software Requirement Management, Root Cause Control to Obtain   Failure-free Software","Database requirement management is the key of success factor to get   software reliability. Lot of critical success factors and root causes   are involved to achieve highly reliable databases. Each phase in   software development life cycle represents the reliability of database   but root causes are most critical factors to effect reliability of   database. When there is start of requirement gathering phase, there is   start of success or failure. Database requirement management is the root   cause control to get failure-free or reliable software. If we are able   to control these root causes, we can manage easily database   requirements. But still next phases of designing and development and   testing and implementation phase has dependent on database requirement   management. Any change in database requirement must be managed timely   with full impact. This paper leads us to deal with current database   requirement management problems, showing us a way to manage and control   the reliability at root level of database.",NA
1108,Article,Design and Implementation of Robot Audition System `HARK' - Open Source   Software for Listening to Three Simultaneous Speakers,"This paper presents the design and implementation of the HARK robot   audition software system consisting of sound source localization   modules, sound source separation modules and automatic speech   recognition modules of separated speech signals that works on any robot   with any microphone configuration. Since a robot with ears may be   deployed to various auditory environments, the robot audition system   should provide an easy way to adapt to them. HARK provides a set of   modules to cope with various auditory environments by using an   open-sourced middleware, FlowDesigner, and reduces the overheads of data   transfer between modules. HARK has been open-sourced since April 2008.   The resulting implementation of HARK with MUSIC-based sound source   localization, GSS-based sound source separation and Missing Feature   Theory-based automatic speech recognition on Honda ASIMO, SIG2 and   Robovie R2 attains recognizing three simultaneous utterances with the   delay of 1.9 s at the word correct rate of 80-90\\% for three speakers.   (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2010",10.1163/016918610X493561
1109,Article,Developer Heterogeneity and Formation of Communication Networks in Open   Source Software Projects,"Over the past few years, open source software (OSS) development has   gained a huge popularity and has attracted a large variety of   developers. According to software engineering folklore, the architecture   and the organization of software depend on the communication patterns of   the contributors. Communication patterns among developers influence   knowledge sharing among them. Unlike in a formal organization, the   communication network structures in an OSS project evolve unrestricted   and unplanned. We develop a non-cooperative game-theoretic model to   investigate the network formation in an OSS team and to characterize the   stable and efficient structures. Developer heterogeneity in the network   is incorporated based on their informative value. We find that there may   exist several stable structures that are inefficient and there may not   always exist a stable structure that is efficient. The tension between   the stability and efficiency of structures results from developers   acting in their self-interest rather than the group interest. Whenever   there is such tension, the stable structure is either underconnected   across types or overconnected within type of developers from an   efficiency perspective. We further discuss how an administrator can help   evolve a stable network into an efficient one. Empirically, we use the   latent class model and analyze two real-world OSS projects hosted at   Source Forge. For each project, different types of developers and a   stable structure are identified, which fits well with the predictions of   our model. Overall, our study sheds light on how developer abilities and   incentives affect communication network formation in OSS projects.",10.2753/MIS0742-1222270307
1110,Article,Development of track log and point of interest management system using   Free and Open Source Software,"Recent advanced performance of low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS)   and GPS-enabled cell phones has contributed a great deal to the   development of locationaware services and systems. High-speed broadband   technology has promoted collaborative projects such as OpenStreetMap or   other User Generated Contents services. In this research, a Web-based   prototype system for GPS track log and point of interest (POI)   management was developed to archive a collaborative framework in field   surveys. The main function of the system can be separated into three   parts: data collection, data management, and data quality enhancement.   The system supports real-time data collection for the future ubiquitous   environment and also can monitor real-time GPS positions. This research   shows functionalities that can minimize GPS errors using Dilution of   Precision filtering and data quality enhancing techniques using the   Douglas-Peucker algorithm and PgRouting. The research introduces a   system that provides an interoperable framework in which to work with   other geospatial services through open geospatial standards.",10.1007/s12518-010-0028-7
1111,Article,Differentiating {Community} from {Customers} in an {F}/{LOSS} {Business},"When software companies using free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) in their product and service offerings attempt to manage the customer pipeline and develop a community, problems may arise. Project communities and customer pipelines are not the same thing, although some participants belong to both groups. This creates confusion in the business and tension with the community. F/LOSS communities have been on the rise for the past two decades. Companies began to form around F/LOSS projects in the early 1990s, with some creating their own F/LOSS projects and some wrapping themselves around existing projects. This has created tension between company managers who are trying to earn profits from software that is ""available for free,"" and from developers in communities that do not necessarily want to create software for someone else's corporate gain. This happens regardless of whether the company created the F/LOSS-licensed project itself, or participates in external communities around other projects, or both. This article demonstrates that separating the concepts of community and customer, and of project and product, allows a business to manage clearly both challenges of developing an engaged community and maximizing profits.",NA
1112,Article,Directions for open source software over the next decade,"Open source software lets users study, modify and redistribute the   source code. It has shown a surprisingly robust level of activity and   importance in the computing world despite extreme dominance of Microsoft   operating and office software in the workstation marketplace and the   strength of commercial players in the server and industrial sectors.   Possible evolutionary drivers are presented for open source software for   the next decade, looking at the nature as well as level of use, with   preliminary discussion of how the open source approach might be applied   to other idea-based technologies, including foresight methods. (C) 2009   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.027
1114,InProceedings,Download Patterns and Releases in Open Source Software Projects: A   Perfect Symbiosis?,"Software usage by end-users is one of the factors used to evaluate the   success of software projects. In the context of open source software,   there is no single and non-controversial measure of usage, though.   Still, one of the most used and readily available measure is data about   projects downloads. Nevertheless, download counts and averages do not   convey as much information as the patterns in the original downloads   time series. In this research, we propose a method to increase the   expressiveness of mere download rates by considering download patterns   against software releases. We apply experimentally our method to the   most downloaded projects of Source Forge's history crawled through the   FLOSSMole repository. Findings show that projects with similar usage can   have indeed different levels of sensitivity to releases, revealing   different behaviors of users. Future research will develop further the   pattern recognition approach to automatically categorize open source   projects according to their download patterns.",NA
1115,Article,Dual Allegiance and Knowledge Sharing in Open Source Software Firms,Employees of commercial software firms who participate in open source   software projects are found to be allegiant to both their company and   the open source community. In this paper we examine how these employees'   dual allegiance influences their knowledge sharing behaviour. We adopt   Husted and Michailova's model on dual allegiance and knowledge sharing   in inter-firm R\\&D collaborations to the context of open source software   firms. We argue that the type of allegiance the individual holds towards   their employing firm and the open source community has a strong   influence of how they share knowledge with other community members. We   use the examples of two open source software firms in New Zealand to   ground the empirical inspiration of our paper and to illustrate our key   ideas and arguments. We discuss the knowledge governance challenges   imposed by employees' dual allegiance and how managers of open source   software firms can balance the demands of the open source community and   the interests of the clients.,10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00566.x
1117,Article,Dynamics of Bio-Oss® Collagen incorporation in fresh extraction wounds:   an experimental study in the dog,"Aim   The objective of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in   the incorporation of Bio-Oss (R) Collagen in host tissue during healing   following tooth extraction and grafting.   Methods   Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the mandible (P-3(3),   P-4(4)) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh   extraction socket filled with Bio-Oss (R) Collagen. The mucosa was   mobilized and the extraction site was closed with interrupted sutures.   The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a   way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2 and 4 weeks   of healing could be obtained. The dogs were euthanized and perfused with   a fixative. Each experimental site, including the distal socket area,   was dissected. The sites were decalcified in EDTA, and serial sections   representing the central part of the socket were prepared in the   mesio-distal plane and parallel with the long axis of the extraction   socket. Sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and were used for   the overall characteristics of the tissues in the extraction socket. In   specimens representing 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing the various tissue   elements were assessed using a morphometric point counting procedure.   Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and   mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures   and cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity   (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin were identified.   Results   The biomaterial was first trapped in the fibrin network of the coagulum.   Neutrophilic leukocytes {[}polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells] migrated to   the surface of the foreign particles. In a second phase the PMN cells   were replaced by multinuclear TRAP-positive cells (osteoclasts). The   osteoclasts apparently removed material from the surface of the   xenogeneic graft. When after 1-2 weeks the osteoclasts disappeared from   the Bio-Oss (R) granules they were followed by osteoblasts that laid   down bone mineral in the collagen bundles of the provisional matrix. In   this third phase the Bio-Oss (R) particles became osseointegrated.   Conclusions   It was demonstrated that the incorporation of Bio-Oss (R) in the tissue   that formed in an extraction wound involved a series of different   processes.   To cite this article:AraUjo MG, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. Dynamics of   Bio-Oss (R) Collagen incorporation in fresh extraction wounds: an   experimental study in the dog. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 55-64.",10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01854.x
1118,InProceedings,EXPERIENCES USING AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE LIBRARY TO TEACH A COMPUTER   VISION SUBJECT,"Computer vision is an important subject in computer science and   engineering degrees. For laboratory lectures, we need a tool that is   complete and easy to use. In this work we present a Java library which   is oriented to teaching. This means that we have designed and built the   library thinking in readability and understanding instead of efficiency.   In this paper we present the open source project JavaVis, oriented to   Computer Vision teaching. It consists of a framework with several   features that make it useful for that purpose. It was designed to be   easy to use: the user does not have to deal with internal structures and   graphical interface, and adding a new algorithm is a simple task.   We have developed three different modules, based on three different   needs we have noticed in our subjects. The first one is a basic library   for image processing. Besides the previously commented features, it   supports geometrical data (edges, segments, points, etc.). The second   module is based on the same working schema as the first one, but applied   to 3D data. These two modules are enough for testing many well-known   algorithms. They also suit the programming needs of students and   teachers, as they can easily develop their own algorithms for the   JavaVis framework. All JavaVis functions can be launched both from   command line, as well as with the JavaVis Graphical User Interface.   Finally we have extended JavaVis with a third module consisting of a   visual desktop where different Computer Vision functions can be easily   placed and connected. Its purpose is to visualize intermediate results   in processes involving several functions, helping their better   understanding.   Once the library is presented, we focus on the experience using this   library in several computer science courses. Our main goal using this   library is that the students understand what they are doing. We have   taken questionnaires during two years in order to know the improvement   the students have gotten using the library. Results are shown and   conclusions are drawn.",NA
1119,Article,"Effect of bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) and platelet rich plasma, platelet poor   plasma on sinus bone graft in rabbit","Maxillary sinus lift and bone graft are used to reconstruct atrophic   maxilla molar area for endosseous dental implants. Many different   grafting materials and techniques can be used for maxillary sinus bone   graft.   Bio-Oss (R) has been proposed as bone substitute and successfully   utilized as osteoconductive filler. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an   autologous material with many growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-beta,   IGF, VEGF, facilitating bone healing process. And Platelet poor plasma   (PPP) is the by-product in procedure of producing PRP.   Six rabbits were used as experimental animal. Both maxillary sinus were   grafted with Bio-Oss (R) and PRP, and Bio-Oss (R) and PPP. Rabbits were   sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The grafting sites were evaluated by   histomorphometric analysis.   As a result, using PRP showed excellent bone formation in the early   stage, but no further significant effect after that. In late stage, the   ability of bone formation of using PRP was even worse than using PPP.   The further studies need to be considered in this case.",10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.1.39
1120,InProceedings,Engaging without Over-Powering: A Case Study of a FLOSS Project,"The role of Open Source Software (OSS) in the e-learning business has   become more and more fundamental in the last 10 years, as long as   corporate and government organizations have developed their educational   and training programs based on OSS out-of-the-box tools. This paper   qualitatively documents the decision of the largest UK e-learning   provider, the Open University, to adopt the Mood le e-learning system,   and how it has been successfully deployed in its site after a   multi-million investment. A further quantitative study also provides   evidence of how a commercial stakeholder has been engaged with, and   produced outputs for, the Mood le community. Lessons learned from this   experience by the stakeholders include the crucial factors of   contributing to the OSS community, and adapting to an evolving   technology. It also becomes evident how commercial partners helped this   OSS system to achieve the transition from an ``average{''} OSS system to   a successful multi-site, collaborative and community-based OSS project.",NA
1122,InProceedings,Evaluating acceptance of OSS-ERP based on user perceptions,"Organizations implement Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems with   the objective of reaching operational efficiency and the incorporation   to new markets through the information flow control on time of the   entire organization. However, ERP systems are complex tools, mainly for   the small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). For these reason, new ERP   configurations have arisen for SMEs such as Open Source Software-ERP   (OSS-ERP). OSS-ERP is a research topic barely analyzed by the   literature. Specifically, this paper's aim is to focus on the OSS-ERP   users' acceptance and use. The authors have developed a research model   based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for testing the users'   behavior toward OSS-ERP.",10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2\\_10
1123,InProceedings,Evolutional analysis of licenses in FOSS,"FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) is repeatedly modified and reused by other FOSS or proprietary software systems. They are released to others under specific licenses whose terms and conditions are usually written on the source-code files as program comments. There are a few researches which automatically analyze the licenses in a FOSS release, but there is no statistical study on the evolution of licenses along the evolution of FOSS. In this paper, we analyze licenses through FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Eclipse, and ArgoUML evolution, using our license analysis tool Ninka, and discuss characteristics on the evolution of the license used in those systems.",10.1145/1862372.1862391
1124,InProceedings,Explaining Perceived Turnover in Open Source Software Projects based on   Hygiene Factors,"The success of open source software (OSS) projects heavily depends on   sustained participation of project members. However, turnover of members   and the ensuing instability have become very common. To better   understand the turnover of members in OSS projects, we base our study on   Herzberg's two-factor theory to investigate whether hygiene factors will   lead to members' dissatisfaction. At the same time, we draw on Mobley's   model of withdrawal decision process to hypothesize the relationship   between dissatisfaction and perceived turnover. We develop a research   model and present hypotheses that should be tested in the future. To   empirically assess this model, we intend to survey OSS project members   through the largest development platform Sourceforge. This study will   provide a new insight into how the turnover of members emerges in OSS   projects. The findings of this progressive research will have   implications for both practice and theory.",NA
1125,Article,Exploratory inspection-a user-based learning method for improving open   source software usability,"The increasingly widespread use of open source software (OSS) is an   indication of its success However, as a software development model OSS   still has shortcomings that need to be resolved In particular, the   question of usability and its improvement in an OSS context remains a   significant ongoing Issue that demands further investigation This is   especially so given the unique manner in which OSS diverges from   traditional software development models Current experience with OSS does   not favor the existence of a positive relation between the standard OSS   development paradigm and good usability practice We believe that   addressing the inadequacy of usability expertise in the OSS community   will improve the quality of its products and enhance their   competitiveness Motivated by the unique user-driven character of the OSS   model, we propose an exploratory method for inspection which is intended   to assist OS S users in contributing to open source usability inspection   This method provides an effective adaptation of the `learning-by-doing'   approach to the domain of usability inspection This is accomplished by   innovatively applying usability patterns to guide usability exploration,   incorporating strategies for `outlining knowledge' and `exploration   freedom' and implementing both techniques in an integrated inspection   environment. The results of an experiment involving a group of OSS users   inspecting an open source project called dotproject demonstrate that   this method outperforms traditional heuristics based inspection The   paper also considers the applicability of the usability method and tool   developed to usability improvement in the context of traditional   proprietary development Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd",10.1002/smr.455
1127,InProceedings,"Exploring Complexity in Open Source Software: Evolutionary Patterns,   Antecedents, and Outcomes","Software complexity is important to researchers and managers, yet much   is unknown about how complexity evolves over the life of a software   application and whether different dimensions of software complexity may   exhibit similar or different evolutionary patterns. Using   cross-sectional and longitudinal data on a sample of 108 open source   projects, this research investigated how the complexity of open source   project releases varied throughout the life of the project. Functional   data analysis was applied to the release histories of the projects and   recurring evolutionary patterns were derived. There were projects that   saw little evolution, according to their measures of size and structural   complexity. However, projects that displayed some evolution often   differed on the pattern of evolution depending on whether size or   structural complexity was examined. Factors that contribute to and   result from the patterns of complexity were evaluated, and implications   for research and practice are presented.",10.1109/HICSS.2010.198
1129,InProceedings,Exploring User Acceptance of FOSS: The Role of the Age of the Users,"Free and open source software (FOSS) movement essentially arises like   answer to the evolution occurred in the market from the software,   characterized by the closing of the source code. Furthermore, some FOSS   characteristics, such as (1) the advance of this movement and (2) the   attractiveness that contributes the voluntary and cooperative work, have   increased the interest of the users towards free software.   Traditionally, research in FOSS has focused on identifying individual   personal motives for participating in the development of a FOSS project,   analyzing specific FOSS solutions, or the FOSS movement itself.   Nevertheless, the advantages of the FOSS for users and the effect of the   demographic dimensions on user acceptance for FOSS have been two   research topics with little attention. Specifically, this paper's aim is   to focus on the influence of the users' age with FOSS the FOSS   acceptance. Based on the literature, users' age is an essential   demographic dimension for explaining the Information Systems acceptance.   With this purpose, the authors have developed a research model based on   the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM).",10.1007/978-90-481-9112-3\\_29
1130,Article,Exploring the impact of socio-technical core-periphery structures in   open source software development,"In this paper we apply the social network concept of core-periphery   structure to the socio-technical structure of a software development   team. We propose a socio-technical pattern that can be used to locate   emerging coordination problems in Open Source projects. With the help of   our tool and method called TESNA, we demonstrate a method to monitor the   socio-technical core-periphery movement in Open Source projects. We then   study the impact of different core-periphery movements on Open Source   projects. We conclude that a steady core-periphery shift towards the   core is beneficial to the project, whereas shifts away from the core are   clearly not good. Furthermore, oscillatory shifts towards and away from   the core can be considered as an indication of the instability of the   project. Such an analysis can provide developers with a good insight   into the health of an Open Source project. Researchers can gain from the   pattern theory, and from the method we use to study the core-periphery   movements. Journal of Information Technology (2010) 25, 216-229.   doi:10.1057/jit.2010.7",10.1057/jit.2010.7
1133,Proceedings,FLOSS '10: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Free/Libre/Open Source Software Research and Development,"A large body of research into FLOSS (Free/Libre/Open Source Software) has focused on the exemplars within the available corpus of FLOSS projects: such as Apache HTTP Server, Eclipse, and Linux. However, many other FLOSS projects exist which provide a very rich body to study and understand. By focusing on more projects that perhaps do not gain the immediate attention of researchers, we hope to broaden our knowledge of the rich ecosystems within FLOSS.Specifically, the goal of the FLOSS-3 workshop (8th in a series at ICSE) is to bring together academic researchers, industry members, and FLOSS developers for the purpose of discussing topics including analyzing ""competing"" projects within FLOSS that share the same domain, performing data collection and analysis among many FLOSS projects, examining governance models within FLOSS projects, identifying licensing paradigms of FLOSS projects, discussing the interplay of corporate involvement within FLOSS projects, social and technical interactions between FLOSS projects, and dependency analysis and reuse between FLOSS projects.We believe that this workshop will also serve as a common bridge between the ACM/IEEE (ICSE) and (IFIP) OSS research communities, thereby providing a window for others in the Software Engineering community to interact with and learn more about the advances of research into FLOSS development and communities.",NA
1134,InProceedings,FLOSS Communities: Analyzing Evolvability and Robustness from an   Industrial Perspective,"Plenty of companies try to access Free/Libre/Open Source Software   (FLOSS) products, but they find a lack of documentation and   responsiveness from the libre software community. But not all of the   communities have the same capacity to answer questions. Even more, most   of these communities are driven by volunteers which in most of the cases   work on their spare time. Thus, how active and reliable is a community   and how can we measure their risks in terms of quality of the community   is a main issue to be resolved. Trying to determine how a community runs   and look for their weaknesses is a way to improve themselves and, also,   a way to obtain trustworthiness from an enterprise point of view. In   order to have a statistical basement, around 1400 FLOSS projects have   been studied to create thresholds which will help to determine a   project's current status compared with this initial set of FLOSS   communities.",NA
1135,InProceedings,FLOSS-Induced Changes in the Software Business: Insights from the   Pioneers,"Companies that build their offerings with Free/Libre Open Source   Software (FLOSS) communities have evoked fundamental changes in the   operating environment of software firms However, prior literature has   not paid sufficient attention to how the managers of software firms   perceive these changes and the impact of FLOSS activity on their   business This study investigates the perceptions of the entrepreneurs   and senior managers in Finnish software firms regarding these issues   Based on narratives obtained from discussions with the managers, we   group the findings into four categories that provide insight into the   ongoing changes in the software industry",NA
1136,Article,FREE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES OF COSTA RICA,"The free software communities of Costa Rica have been investigated   between 2006-2008. To understand their structure and functioning we keep   a participant observation and conduct an electronic poll and interviews.   The results are analyzed under the virtual community concept. They   consist of strategic users, with scarce female involvement, ephemeral   proposals, a touch of elitism and share a dialogic discourse.",NA
1137,InProceedings,Firm-oriented success factors of an open source software (OSS) product,The existing work on OSS product success examines factors that are either product-oriented or community-oriented. This paper proposes a new direction for OSS product success research: examination of firm-oriented factors. This has gained importance with the emergence of firm-sponsored OSS communities and firm's collaboration with OSS communities. This conceptual position paper uses absorptive capacity theory as a basis for argument. The paper contributes by extending the work on OSS product success to firm-oriented factors.,10.1145/1833272.1833273
1139,Article,Following the {Sun}: {Temporal} {Dispersion} and {Performance} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project} {Teams},"Dispersion in working teams has been addressed by extant research mostly in terms of the physical distance that separates team members. Recently, the focus has shifted toward an examination of a newer construct -temporal dispersion (TD). The study of TD so far has been constrained mostly to conceptual work. This study furthers the understanding of TD through an empirical investigation of its relationship with open source software (OSS) team performance. In this paper, hypotheses are developed based on coordination theory, and analyses are performed using data collected from multiple archival sources comprising 100 OSS development teams. Results indicate that TD positively affects development speed and quality and that software complexity moderates the relation between TD and software quality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1140,Article,Free GIS for herpetologists: free data sources on Internet and   comparison analysis of proprietary and free/open source software,"Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used widely in zoology   and ecology, particularly in herpetology. The use of spatially explicit   analysis has increased during the last decade, with the consequent   expansion of GIS application in ecology. During the last years,   geo-information technology has been developed within the Free/Open   Source Software (FOSS) community, resulting in new open source formats   and several GIS packages. However, proprietary packages seem still to be   the first choice for herpetologists, thus involving non negligible costs   for GIS technology adoption. Additional costs arise from environmental   data, which are usually expensive, worsening in the case of large study   areas. An alternative solution is to use freely available data, despite   a possible decrease of resolution. In this review, we aim to show the   feasibility of spatial analysis within FOSS GIS packages, rank these   packages using the number of available tools and list several data   sources freely available on the Internet. We listed several websites   providing the most important free data for spatial analysis, i.e.   altitude and derived data; past, current and future climatic series   data; and satellite derived data. We provide also a list of the most   commonly used functions in GIS analysis and their availability in the   six software compared in this study (ArcGIS; gvSIG; ILWIS; Quantum GIS;   GRASS; and DIVA-GIS). The software gvSIG is the one with more functions   (106) followed by Quantum GIS with 94 and GRASS with 84.",NA
1141,Article,"Free and Open Source Software Communities, Democracy and ICT Law and   Policy","This article discusses how and why the locus of the tensions brought   about by new information and communications technology ({''}ICT{''}) in   the global inter-networked society have gone beyond territory,   sovereignty and law and why this shift changes the focus of the   discussion initially from government to governance, and then ultimately   to participation. Free and open source software ({''}FOSS{''}) developer   communities are used both as case studies and as a critique of existing   regulatory approaches to ICT. By showing the profound and sometimes   disruptive impact hybrid active subjects like FOSS communities have had   on matters relating to regulation, governance and culture, this article   explains why there is a need to expand what democracy means and entails   in the digital networked environment.",10.1093/ijlit/eap003
1142,InProceedings,Free and Open-Source Software is not an Emerging Property but Rather the   Result of Studied Design,"Free and open source software (FOSS) is considered by many, along with   Wikipedia, the proof of an ongoing paradigm shift from   hierarchically-managed and market-driven production of knowledge to   heterarchical, collaborative and commons-based production styles. In   such perspective, it has become common place to refer to FOSS as a   manifestation of collective intelligence where deliverables and   artefacts emerge by virtue of mere cooperation, with no need for   supervising leadership. We show that this assumption is based on limited   understanding of the software development process, and may lead to wrong   conclusions as to the potential of peer production. The development of a   less than trivial piece of software, irrespective of whether it be FOSS   or proprietary, is a complex cooperative effort requiring the   participation of many (often thousands of) individuals. A subset of the   participants always play the role of leading system and subsystem   designers, determining architecture and functionality; the rest of the   people work ``underneath{''} them in a logical, functional sense. While   new and powerful forces, including FOSS, are clearly at work in the   post-industrial, networked economy, the currently ingenuous stage of   research in the field of collective intelligence and networked   cooperation must give way to a deeper level of consciousness, which   requires an understanding of the software development process.",NA
1143,InProceedings,Free and open source software (FOSS): it's significance or otherwise to the e-governance process in Ghana,"Software plays a very important role in our aspiration as a country to use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as enablers for development. Licensing cost for Proprietary Software (PS) is however expensive and does not offer the freedom to manipulate the source code. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) emerged as an alternative to Proprietary Software and has since its introduction made inroads onto desktops and servers alike. With FOSS emerged the freedom to run the programs for any purpose, freedom to study and modify the software, freedom to copy the software and share with neighbors and freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. This paper makes a case for these freedoms. The paper first compares PS and FOSS use in Ghana and proposes a way for government to adopt FOSS. Findings of this case study are a result of field research conducted by the authors, personal interviews and through desk research.",10.1145/1930321.1930342
1144,Article,Free and {Open} {Source} {Software} in developing contexts: {From} open in principle to open in the consequences: {From} open in principle to open in the consequences,"Purpose - Originating in the USA and Northern Europe, Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) found on the internet its fertile environment. In more recent years, FOSS is becoming an increasingly important element in strategies for development and implementation of information and communication technologies also in developing countries. Mainstream research on FOSS has catered to the underlying principles or freedom, open organizational forms, and on its economical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the actual consequences of FOSS, often left in the background. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines where FOSS principles' assumptions are likely to be more evident: in contexts of developing countries, which are geographically and organizationally far from the original environment of FOSS. A mixed methodology characterizes this work: quantitative and qualitative methods bring readers' attention to unusual empirical settings and downplayed organizational processes of information technology (IT) implementation and adoption. Findings - The consequences of FOSS on IT implementation and actual use are ambivalent. It is argued that FOSS adoption does not happen spontaneously, neither by decree, and that the relevance of open technologies as public goods remains in the different role of local actual technical and organizational capabilities, and environment conditions. Originality/value - Such a focus complements existing studies on the economical relevance of FOSS, which are not the focus of this paper.",10.1108/14779961011024800
1145,InProceedings,"From ""community"" to ""commercial"" FLOSS: the case of Moodle","This paper documents the evolution of Moodle, an advanced Content Management System, and its transition from a purely volunteer-based project to one driven by commercial interests and stakeholders. The study of its evolution provides evidence of the sustainability of its process: increasing amounts of provided effort by developers correspond to similarly increasing produced outputs to the Moodle system. It is also evident how this OSS system, apart from achieving the transition to a successful multisite, collaborative and community-based OSS project, depends more on its community than its commercial partners.",10.1145/1833272.1833275
1147,InProceedings,Governance in Open Source Software Development Projects: A Comparative   Multi-level Analysis,"Open source software (OSS) development is a community-oriented,   network-centric approach to building complex software systems. OSS   projects are typically organized as edge organizations lacking an   explicit management regime to control and coordinate decentralized   project work. However, a growing number of OSS projects are developing,   delivering, and supporting large-scale software systems, displacing   proprietary software alternatives. Recent empirical studies of OSS   projects reveal that OSS developers often self-organize into   organizational forms we characterize as evolving socio-technical   interaction networks (STINs). STINs emerge in ways that effectively   control semi-autonomous OSS developers and coordinate project   activities, producing reliable and adaptive software systems. In this   paper, we examine how practices and processes enable and govern OSS   projects when coalesced and configured as contingent, socio-technical   interaction networks. We draw on data sources and results from two   ongoing case studies of governance activities and elements in a large   OSS project.",NA
1148,InProceedings,HEARING LOSS MEASUREMENT USING FREE SOFTWARE IN A WEB ENVIRONMENT,"An audiometric free software equipment for clinical use is presented in   this paper. The software construction process needed software   engineering techniques in elicitation and requirements specification,   architecture model view controllers (MVC) and web engineering was   required for building process. During this process was possible to   manage the information concerning to the audiometric test, the operation   frequency and their respective intensity levels. The stages for hardware   construction involve of a phase of electronic amplification,   multiplexing, demultiplexing and filtering to ensure the purity of the   generated tone. This audiometer was calibrated and certified by a   specialized laboratory for audiological equipment in accordance with ISO   389-1, ISO 389-3, IEC 373, IEC 303 Standards. The final result was a   low-cost audiometer with high reliability and adjusted to international   standards to be used in air and bone test.",NA
1149,Article,How Open is Open Source? - Software and Beyond,"Traditionally the protection of intellectual property is regarded as a   precondition for value capture. The rise of open source (OS) software   and OS tangible products, so-called open design, has challenged this   understanding. Openness is often regarded as a dichotomous variable   (open-source vs. closed-source) and it is assumed that online developer   communities demand full opening of the product's source. In this paper   we will explore openness as a gradual and multi-dimensional concept. We   carried out an Internet survey (N = 270) among participants of 20 open   design communities in the domain of IT hardware and consumer   electronics. We find that open design projects pursue complex strategies   short of complete openness and that communities value openness of   software more highly than openness of hardware. Our findings suggest   that open design companies can successfully implement strategies of   partial openness to safeguard value capture without alienating their   developer community.",10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00569.x
1151,Article,How to {Think} about {Intellectual} {Property} of {Open} {Source} {Software} from a {Feminist} {Political} {Economic} {Perspective}?,"This paper asserts that a feminist political economic perspective enriches the understanding of how intellectual property of software is related to an equitable information society. This approach is used to examine how F/OSS may contribute to a people-centred and development-oriented information society. Three questions are asked: (1) Is it helpful to view F/OSS as market or non-market production? (2) How is F/OSS distributed and marketed? (3) How does F/OSS rely on gendered labour? By analysing existing writings on F/OSS, it is concluded that market production should not be privileged over other modes of production; state intervention is required to ensure an equitable distribution of F/OSS; and gendered labour needs to be made visible in the F/OSS production. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1154,Article,Humanitarian {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software},"Humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) represents the application of free and open source software (FOSS) to the coordination problems faced in the humanitarian and disaster-response domains. FOSS has found a natural home serving the humanitarian domain because of certain problem patterns that promote the use of an open source approach. HFOSS also integrates two volunteer-rich communities that have much in common: the humanitarian community and the open source community. HFOSS is not distinct from the free and open source approach, but is rather a specialization of its principles. This article explores and elaborates on that natural alignment by presenting the concepts of HFOSS and the ecosystem that sustains it.",NA
1156,Article,IMPROVING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE,"Maintenance is inevitable for almost any software. Software maintenance   is required to fix bugs, to add new features, to improve performance,   and/or to adapt to a changed environment. In this article, we examine   change in cognitive complexity and its impacts on maintenance in the   context of open source software (OSS). Relationships of the change in   cognitive complexity with the change in the number of reported bugs,   time taken to fix the bugs, and contributions from new developers are   examined and are all found to be statistically significant. In addition,   several control variables, such as software size, age, development   status, and programmer skills are included in the analyses. The results   have strong implications for OSS project administrators; they must   continually measure software complexity and be actively involved in   managing it in order to have successful and sustainable OSS products.",NA
1158,InProceedings,Identifying architectural patterns used in open source software: approaches and challenges,"Background: Open Source Software (OSS) is increasingly used in product development. Besides some much-reported benefits of this approach, using OSS products also presents new challenges. One such challenge is identifying relevant, high-quality OSS products among the hundreds of thousands that are available. One approach for doing that is to identify architectural patterns, since these patterns have a direct effect on a product's quality attributes, such as performance and reliability. However, there are no well-defined methods or tools available to identify architectural patterns.Research aim: Our goal is to identify approaches taken by novice software engineers that have no or little experience in identifying architectural patterns. We aim to get insight into how these novices tackle this problem, what challenges they encounter and what suggestions they have for improving this process.Method: We collected data from seven M. Sc. student teams that performed a pattern identification assignment. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight students from two teams. We studied reflection reports from four teams that reported their experiences as part of their final report. Furthermore, during his M. Sc. course, one of the authors performed the assignment as a member of a team. We also included his experiences.Results and conclusions: We identified a number of approaches that students have taken in order to identify architectural patterns, as well as a number of challenges that they encountered in this task. Furthermore, based on suggestions from the students, we present a proposal to improve this process.",NA
1159,InProceedings,Implementing Open Source Software Governance in Real Software Assurance   Processes,"Open Source is giving rise to new methodologies, competences and   processes that organizations have to investigate both from the technical   and the managerial point of view Many organizations are studying the   possibility to adopt open source products or migrate their systems to   open frameworks, even for mission-critical application In this paper we   discuss a roadmap for organizations that want to establish a formalized   governance methodology for the management of the open source products;   taking into consideration Issues such as software quality and community   reliability. The governance framework is designed to be included in a   more complete software assurance system for open source software",NA
1160,InProceedings,Industry Regulation through Open Source Software: A Strategic Ownership   Proposal,"This paper is about a twofold proposal submitted to the scrutiny of the   OSS scientific community. It is first argued that OSS should be   considered a means to establish an industry regulation. The motivation   of this first proposal is the need for harmonization of the supply chain   in certain industrial sectors. The Air Traffic Management industry (ATM)   is the only case considered in this paper. However, it is assumed that   the regulatory advantage of OSS is not specific to that industry. The   second proposal is about how to establish such a regulation through OSS.   It is argued that the legal ownership of the OSS product should be   assigned to a public organization, preferably to an organization that   would be dedicated to monitor and promote the evolution of that product.   The motivation for these proposals is based on the analysis of possible   scenarios of OSS ownership in the case of ATM. Perspectives concerning   the preliminary implementation of the proposals are introduced.",NA
1161,Article,Insights on a {Feminist} {Ethnography} of the {Free} {Software} {Community} in {Colombia},"The article presents the ethnographic insights of a woman researcher that investigates the role of a group of women inside the Free Software community in Colombia. Particularly the article questions how the ethnographic practice, from a feminist perspective, contributes to the (re)construction of gender as an analytical category on the social realities it studies.",10.1590/S0104-026X2010000200006
1162,Article,Instructional aspects of student participation in humanitarian Free and Open Source Software: panel discussion,Active participation in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects can provide students with large-scale collaborative software development experience. Frequently these experiences include interacting with an international group of professionals. The ability to participate in an active project empowers and motivates students to learn. FOSS projects of a humanitarian nature further motivate students by providing students with the satisfaction of improving the human condition in some manner. Thus Humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) provides a fertile environment for student learning.,NA
1163,InProceedings,Interactions with Open Source Software: A Pilot Study on End Users'   Perception,"Interest of scientific research on Open Source software and its   development process is frequent. The number of articles available and   the number of tracks or workshops on this topic in most relevant IS   Conferences is high. The usability of Open Source Software has been   scarcely considered until few years ago, probably due to the particular   role that the user has in such a development environment. In Open Source   software development, users and developers are not so different. Anyhow,   the diffusion of the Open Source software outside the development   community contributes to sharpen the distinction among these two groups   that are no longer equivalent. This circumstance has contributed to   increase the interest on usability of Open Source software.   Nevertheless, studies on end-users in Open Source contexts are still   young. This paper introduces a pilot study on end user's perception of   Open Source software. The aim of this pilot study is to identify how the   end user perceives the Open Source software (in terms of Usability,   Functionality, Reliability, Efficiency and Quality in Use).",10.1007/978-3-7908-2148-2\\_63
1164,Article,Introduction to {JAIS} {Special} {Issue} on {Empirical} {Research} on {Free}/{Libre} {Open} {Source} {Software},NA,NA
1165,InProceedings,Is duplicate code more frequently modified than non-duplicate code in software evolution? an empirical study on open source software,"Various kinds of research efforts have been performed on the basis that the presence of duplicate code has a negative impact on software evolution. A typical example is that, if we modify a code fragment that has been duplicated to other code fragments, it is necessary to consider whether the other code fragments have to be modified simultaneously or not. In this research, in order to investigate how much the presence of duplicate code is related to software evolution, we defined a new indicator, modification frequency. The indicator is a quantitative measure, and it allows us to objectively compare the maintainability of duplicate code and non-duplicate code. We conducted an experiment on 15 open source software systems, and the result showed that the presence of duplicate code does not have a negative impact on software evolution.",10.1145/1862372.1862390
1166,Article,MAIN APPROACHES OF FREE SOFTWARE APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS   ABROAD,"The question of transition to free software more and more often occurs   as among of users, and at the level of executive and legislative   branches. With the tightening the situation to the control of licensed   software, problem of transition to licensed software does not require   substantial investment, and has sufficient functionality, it becomes   increasingly important. This article discusses the main approaches of   free software package application for creation a unified educational   information environment which will be adapted to the needs and features   of the school system, be helpful for the development of modern   information leaders thinking, experts support services, teachers, pupils   and parents. The article also contains a variety of materials about free   software, developed specifically for educational purposes or suitable   for use in schools and other educational institutions to conduct and /   or support the educational process.",NA
1167,InProceedings,Making the First Move towards Open Source Software Development,"Open source development success could be attributed to some key   characteristics. Open source developments are usually viewed as   un-conventional software engineering approach to software development.   This article presents a unique framework to open source development with   open-onions approach that identifies key- characteristics of successful   open source projects. Validation was performed based on ten highly   ranked(1) Open source projects. Data was collected from sourceforge.net   repository and analysed with SPSS. Our approach is based on five   fundamental open onions layers. Result shows that the most popular open   source license is GPL and that licence type has significant impact on   project rank. The domain audience has negative impact on project rank   and user interface has significantly negative impact on project's domain   audience. Topics covered have strong significant impact on the domain   audience and a negative effect on the user interface. This study   revealed that given the open onions approach, open source development   could be visualized more conventionally.",NA
1168,Article,Managing {First} {Impressions} of {New} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects},"Open source software literature has largely ignored how newly initiated OSS projects can attract developers in order to sustain their vitality. In light of the fact that most are eventually abandoned, more attention needs to be paid to how these projects can effectively and efficiently attract more developers. Drawing on impression-management literature, especially first-impression management, the authors explore the potential role that the initial presentation of new OSS projects plays in attracting developers. The article presents preliminary findings from a pilot study including interviews and an exploratory quantitative analysis for further research. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MS.2010.26
1170,InProceedings,Mining Frequent Development Patterns of roles in Open Source Software,"Participants of a software project have a significant impact on whether the project could achieve success, and the relevant information can reflect some trustworthy properties of software. By studying a large number of OSS projects in SourceForge, the role configuration of these projects is analyzed, and some latent frequent patterns are discovered in this paper. It prepares the ground for quantification and utilization of the software trustworthiness evidence from the roles information.",10.1109/UIC-ATC.2010.113
1171,InProceedings,Modelling Failures Occurrences of Open Source Software with Reliability   Growth,"Open Source Software (OSS) products are widely used although a general   consensus on their quality is far to be reached. Providing results on   OSS reliability - as quality indicator contributes to shed some light on   this issue and allows organizations to make informed decisions in   adopting OSS products or in releasing their own OSS. In this paper, we   use a classical technique of Software Reliability Growth to model   failures occurrences across versions. We have collected data from the   bug tracking systems of three OSS products, Mozilla Firefox, OpenSuse   and OpenOffice.org. Our analysis aims at determining and discussing   patterns of failure occurrences in the three OSS products to be used to   predict reliability behaviour of future releases. Our findings indicate   that in the three cases, failures occurrences follow a predetermined   pattern, which shows: a) an initial stage in which the community learns   the new version b) after this first period a rapid increase of the   failure detection rate until c) very few failures are left and the   discovery of a new failure discovery is rare. This is the stage in which   the version can be considered reliable.",NA
1172,Article,Monitoring {Network} and {Service} {Availability} with {Open}-{Source} {Software},"Silver describes the implementation of a monitoring system using an open-source software package to improve the availability of services and reduce the response time when troubles occur. He provides a brief overview of the literature available on monitoring library systems, and then describes the implementation of Nagios, an open-source network monitoring system, to monitor a regional library system's servers and wide area network. Particular attention is paid to using the plug-in architecture to monitor library services effectively. The author includes example displays and configuration files. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1173,Article,Not Just Software: Free Software and the (Techno) Political Action,"The practice of developing and creating Free Software has been the   centre of attention for studies related to economics, knowledge   production, laws and the intellectual property framework. However, the   practice that constitutes the initiative of Free Software also means a   call to rethink current forms of political action and the in-depth   meaning of what is understood as ``political{''}. This constitutes the   field which has been called techno-activism. Along these lines, the   authors propose a particular reading of the political challenge that is   Free Software from the standpoint of Hardt and Negri's (2000)   theoretical work. The authors put forward various   contributions-regarding the organization, the agents and the form of   political action-that they consider to pose a crisis for traditional   proposals and urge society to renew its way of relating to information,   the raw material upon which the current exercise of government and   practices of techno-activist resistance rest.",10.4018/jte.2010040104
1174,InProceedings,OPENHEALTH The OpenHealth FLOSS Implementation of the ISO/IEEE   11073-20601 Standard,"The OpenHealth project aims to provide the first complete Free/Libre   Open Source Software (FLOSS) implementation of the ISO/IEEE 11073-20601   personal health standards over Bluetooth transport. A manager has been   implemented in Java, tested both in Linux desktops and on the Android   platform against thermometer agents. The MCAP and HDP Bluetooth profiles   have also been implemented in BlueZ, the offcial Linux Bluetooth   protocol stack. This implementation has been successfully tested with a   Nonin Onyx II 9560 pulse oximeter, the first medical device that   implements the HOP Bluetooth profile and the ISO/IEEE 11073 data   protocol.",NA
1175,InProceedings,OPTIMAL RELEASE PROBLEM AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE OSS PORTING   PHASE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT,"The current software development environment has been changing into new   development paradigms such as concurrent distributed development   environment and the so-called open source project by using network   computing technologies. New distributed development paradigm typified by   such open source project will evolve at a rapid pace in the future.   Especially, OSS (Open Source Software) systems which serve as key   components of critical infrastructures in the society are still   ever-expanding now. We focus on the porting-phase of OSS developed under   open source project.   In this paper, we discuss the software reliability assessment method   based on flexible hazard rate model considering the latent fault in   embedded OSS and unique sodtware components. Also, we analyze actual   software fault data to show numerical examples of OSS in the   porting-phase. Moreover, we estimate the optimal release time minimizing   the total expected software cost.",NA
1176,InCollection,ORGANIZATION AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE RESEARCH,"During the last decade, we have witnessed one of the most puzzling   changes in innovation processes, the Open Source Software. The   phenomenon has received the attention of numerous authors along these   years ranging in different level of analysis and subjects of study. We   construct a database with the 407 most influential scholar documents   about OSS. We analyze the database by (1) mapping these contributions   according different levels of analysis: individual, firm, network; (2)   classifying the contributions according the main research questions   previously raised by theorists in open source software: development   process, incentives and property rights; (3) Observing the understudied   issues and to conjecture about the reasons of failing to answer them;   Finally, we propose new research questions as well as its requirements   to continue research in open source software.",NA
1177,InCollection,ORGANIZATIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS FOR IMPLEMENTING ENTERPRISE   SOLUTIONS BASED ON OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Organizations implement Enterprise solutions, mainly Enterprise Resource   Planning (ERP) systems, with the aim of attaining operational efficiency   and the incorporation into new markets through the real time information   flow control of the entire organization. However, ERP systems are   complex tools, particularly for small and medium size enterprises   (SMEs).   For this reason, new ERP configurations have arisen, such as Open Source   Software-ERP (OSS-ERP). In the website Sourceforge.net, we can identify   2058 projects about OSS-ERP, although all of them have not had an impact   on the ERP market. This data is indicative of the increasing relevance   of this enterprise solution for organizations. At this moment, the   OSS-ERP vendors with a greater diffusion are Compiere, Openbravo, Abanq   (previously FacturaLux), ERP5, Tiny ERP, Fisterra, OFBiz, SQL-Ledger and   WebERP.   OSS-ERP has three relevant advantages for organizations: (1) increased   adaptability, (2) decreased reliance on a single supplier, (3) reduced   costs. OSS-ERP generally include the necessary functions to integrally   manage all the activities of a company. Due to their high flexibility,   these tools can be adapted to the client's specific needs. Furthermore,   as OSS-ERP are based on open software technologies, organizations do not   have to pay licenses or exclusive contracts. With the collaboration of   partners, OSS-ERP vendors receive benefits for the support services.   Research in OSS has identified individual personal motives for using OSS   software, analyzing specific OSS solutions, or the OSS movement itself.   The literature in Enterprise solutions has also analyzed the main   organizational factors for successfully implementing an ERP system.   However, OSS-ERP is a research topic barely analyzed by the literature.   This paper's aim is to specifically focus on the organizational and   motivational factors for implementing OSS-ERP. The authors developed a   research work for testing the impact of organizational and motivational   factors on the implementation of OSS-ERP by means of a survey of   organizations with OSS-ERP and OSS-ERP users.",NA
1179,InProceedings,OSS as a digital ecosystem: a reference model for digital ecosystem of OSS,The author presents an analytical view of OSS from the perspective of a digital ecosystem. The author proposes a three-dimensional reference model of the ecosystem of OSS.,10.1145/1936254.1936291
1180,Article,Open Innovation in Secondary Software Firms: An Exploration of Managers'   Perceptions of Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) is probably the best known exemplar of open   innovation, with many practitioner-oriented publications having debated   the merits and drawbacks of OSS in recent years. Nevertheless, much of   the academic research on OSS has focused on individual rather than   organizational issues. Hence while there is some understanding of why   individual developers and users opt for particular OSS applications,   relatively little is known about the adoption of OSS as a software   acquisition policy. This paper presents a study of 13 managers in the   secondary software sector in Europe, and examines how their perceptions   of the benefits and drawbacks of OSS affected their decision to adopt an   open source policy for software in their companies. The study reveals   how their perceptions of the business and technical benefits and   drawbacks of OSS influenced the technological, organizational,   environmental and individual factors considered within the adoption   process. The findings reveal that many of these factors are similar to   those reported by previous work on the adoption of innovation, leading   us to conclude that organizational processes for the adoption of open   innovation are reliant on the practices for closed innovation despite   frequently cited loss of organizational control associated with open   innovation.",NA
1181,InProceedings,Open Source Software (OSS) Adoption Framework for Local Environment and   its Comparison,"According to Business Software Alliance (BSA) Pakistan is ranked in the   top 10 countries having highest piracy rate {[}1]. To overcome the   problem of piracy local Information Technology (IT) companies are   willing to migrate towards Open Source Software (OSS). Due to this   reason need for framework/model for OSS adoption has become more   pronounced.   Research on the adoption of IT innovations has commonly drawn on   innovation adoption theory. However with time some weaknesses have been   identified in the theory and it has been realized that the factors   affecting the adoption of OSS varies country to country. The objective   of this research is to provide a framework for OSS adoption for local   environment and then compare it with the existing framework developed   for OSS adoption in other advanced countries. This paper proposes a   framework to understand relevant strategic issues and it also highlights   problems, restrictions and other factors that are preventing   organizations from adopting OSS. A factor based comparison of propose   framework with the existing framework is provided in this research.",10.1007/978-90-481-9112-3\\_3
1182,InProceedings,Open Source Software Developer and Project Networks,"This paper outlines complex network concepts and how social networks are   built from Open Source Software (OSS) data. We present an initial study   of the social networks of three different OSS forges, BerliOS Developer,   GNU Savannah, and Source Forge. Much research has been done on snapshot   or conflated views of these networks, especially Source Forge, due to   the size of the Source Forge community. The degree distribution,   connectedness, centrality, and scale-free nature of Source Forge has   been presented for the network at particular points in time. However,   very little research has been done on how the network grows, how   connections were made, especially during its infancy, and how these   metrics evolve over time.",NA
1183,Article,Open for business: emerging business models in open source software,"Open source software (OSS) has come of age, and a number of maturing   business models allow OSS companies to make a profit even when their   product is distributed for free. This article considers the dynamics of   value creation fuelling the proliferation of OSS and examines the   business model factors that enable value capture. After interviewing   leaders from over 20 OSS firms and organisations through early 2006, we   found that three factors were consistently important in defining a   vendor's adoption of a given business model: software licence choice,   which takes into account intellectual property ownership; management of   developer communities; and the unique features of the markets and   product categories in which the vendor participates. Considering these   factors, we characterise seven business models. One striking finding is   that it is rare to find business-model purity. The majority of firms in   our sample are pursuing either blended business models or multiple   models simultaneously.",10.1504/IJTM.2010.035984
1185,Article,Open source software collaborations in Tennessee's regional library   system An exploratory study,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to address the following   questions: How are members of the Tennessee's regional library system   (TRLS) in the USA using open source software (OSS) applications and   collaborating to further their missions and overcome some of their   debilitating information-related circumstances? What kind of   partnerships can be explored in order to further use of OSS in the   state?   Design/methodology/approach - The paper highlights findings from an   exploratory website study to identify key trends, practices, and   applications of use of OSS in the TRLS.   Findings - OSS applications in the TRLS are presented in terms of their   current use as well as their future directions of development and   opportunities. Study of collaborations in OSS use and website   development by public libraries in the TRLS reveals that the OSS   infoscape is more complex than previously understood.   Originality/value - Minimal research has been done involving the TRLS   that has been in existence for over 60 years and comprises 12   multi-county regions serving 211 small-and medium-sized public   libraries. Use of OSS has tremendous potentialities to overcome the   harsh conditions of information poverty, lack of information resources   and technology, and unique cultural, social, economic, and environmental   challenges experienced in Tennessee that have prevented significant   growth of information and communications technologies in the state.",10.1108/00242531011087015
1186,Article,Open source software deployment in the public sector: a review of   Botswana and South Africa,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review use of open source   software in the public sector in Botswana and South Africa. South Africa   is Botswana's neighbor and both countries are leading economies in   Africa.   Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on a survey that was   carried out in information communication technology (ICT)-intensive   government ministries in Botswana in May 2008. The study sought to   establish availability of policy framework, level of usage of open   source software, government support, motivations for implementing open   source software in government, availability of skills, attitude of it   managers in government toward open source software and challenges of   open source software deployment in the public sector. The population of   the study consisted of information technology (IT) managers who were   purposively selected from ICT-intensive government ministries and   interviewed. The study was extended to cover South Africa through review   of literature on the same issues as those studied in Botswana.   Findings - Compared with other countries in developed and developing   countries including South Africa, there is limited use of open source   software in the public sector in Botswana. However, IT managers in   government of Botswana demonstrate a positive attitude toward open   source software, and seem to have adequate understanding of its   potential benefits. Comparatively, South African government provides   support for harnessing open source software; awareness among top   government officials is high and attitude toward open source software   seems positive; skills are generally available and hardly any challenges   of using open source software were identified.   Research limitations/implications - This study was limited to   purposively selected government ministries which are ICT-intensive in   Botswana, while for South Africa, the study was based on secondary   sources of data and focused on deployment of open source software in   government agencies.   Practical implications - Despite the increasing deployment of open   source software in government across the world, the Botswanan government   is yet unlikely to put in place an enabling open source software policy   to harness the potential of the Software.   Originality/value - Open source software deployment in government across   the world is gaining momentum purportedly to enhance universal access,   reduce costs associated with commercial software bridge the digital   divide, grow indigenous IT skills, etc. Botswana and South Africa are   the economic frontline states in Africa, and their leadership role in   this matter among counterparts on the African continent is pertinent.",10.1108/07378831011026698
1188,InProceedings,Open source software for data curation of digital assets: a case study,"Legacy file formats is an increasing concern for organisations. Therefore it is important for any company to develop sustainable strategies for data curation in order to maintain valuable digital assets. In this paper we report from a case study conducted in a company context aiming to investigate the feasibility of using Open Source approaches for curation of corporate digital assets kept in proprietary legacy file formats to open file formats. We consider different aspects of openness in a corporate strategy for maintaining digital assets. An important aspect concerns activity and company influence in an Open Source tool-chain, another concerns support for data curation of digital assets actually offered by the tool chain. We find that organisational concern over legacy file formats continues to be an issue, and that strong commercial influence on Open Source projects is no guarantee for success.",10.1145/1930488.1930501
1189,Article,Open source software: A community of altruists,"To learn about what drives people to devote their time and expertise to   creating and supporting free/open source software, a survey with   Likert-scaled items measuring different types of motivations was sent to   contributors of several open source projects. Open-ended comments were   used to illustrate the Likert-scaled items and open-ended questions   allowed respondents to express their reasons for participating in these   open source communities. Results indicate that the open source   contributors (n = 110, 38 paid to work on OSS projects and 72   volunteers) are motivated primarily by a sense of altruism as well as   the desire to create and learn. Payment did not significantly impact the   reasons for contributing to OSS projects. The comments and open-ended   questions validated the findings and indicated that building a   ``Utopian{''} community - the desire to help for the greater good   worldwide - is one of the most important motivators. Also, respondents   revealed that they join and persist as members of open source   communities because they enjoy the freedom to create and share free   software, tools and knowledge with others inside and outside the   community. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.chb.2010.04.008
1190,Article,Open {Source} {Software} {Considerations} for {Law} {Enforcement},"Can law enforcement agencies leverage open source to benefit the communities they serve? In some areas, recommending open source solutions is easy. In others, the arguments for open source solutions are less clear. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MITP.2010.121
1191,Article,"OpenViBE: An Open-Source Software Platform to Design, Test, and Use   Brain-Computer Interfaces in Real and Virtual Environments","This paper describes the OpenViBE software platform which enables   researchers to design, test, and use brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).   BCIs are communication systems that enable users to send commands to   computers solely by means of brain activity. BCIs are gaining interest   among the virtual reality (VR) community since they have appeared as   promising interaction devices for virtual environments (VEs). The key   features of the platform are (1) high modularity, (2) embedded tools for   visualization and feedback based on VR and 3D displays, (3) BCI design   made available to non-programmers thanks to visual programming, and (4)   various tools offered to the different types of users. The platform   features are illustrated in this paper with two entertaining VR   applications based on a BCI. In the first one, users can move a virtual   ball by imagining hand movements, while in the second one, they can   control a virtual spaceship using real or imagined foot movements.   Online experiments with these applications together with the evaluation   of the platform computational performances showed its suitability for   the design of VR applications controlled with a BCI. OpenViBE is a free   software distributed under an open-source license.",10.1162/pres.19.1.35
1192,Article,"Opencast Matterhorn A community-driven open source software project for   producing, managing, and distributing academic video","Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Opencast   Community, a global community of individuals, institutions, and   commercial stakeholders exchanging knowledge about all matters relevant   in the context of academic video and promoting projects in this context.   It also gives an overview of the most prominent of these projects,   Opencast Matterhorn - a community-driven open source solution for   producing, managing, and distributing academic video.   Design/methodology/approach - The paper will demonstrate that Opencast   Matterhorn is satisfying institutional needs to manage audiovisual   content more efficiently as video is becoming a significant resource in   research and education. Furthermore, the paper highlights that Opencast   Matterhorn as a product and as a project is open for contributions from   the research community and provides an excellent environment for the   integration of research results from media analysis, multimedia   authoring, search technologies, and other related fields.   Findings - Opencast Matterhorn provides a scalable open source solution   for universities to manage academic video. Its service-oriented   architecture makes it customizable to institutional needs and open for   contributions from users as well as media research.   Originality/value - The paper provides an insight to the idea of   Opencast, the Opencast Community, and Opencast Matterhorn - and how they   will help academic institutions to better manage and exploit the full   richness of educational video.",10.1108/17415651011071631
1193,Article,OptFlux: an open-source software platform for <i>in silico</i> metabolic   engineering,"Background: Over the last few years a number of methods have been   proposed for the phenotype simulation of microorganisms under different   environmental and genetic conditions. These have been used as the basis   to support the discovery of successful genetic modifications of the   microbial metabolism to address industrial goals. However, the use of   these methods has been restricted to bioinformaticians or other expert   researchers. The main aim of this work is, therefore, to provide a   user-friendly computational tool for Metabolic Engineering applications.   Results: OptFlux is an open-source and modular software aimed at being   the reference computational application in the field. It is the first   tool to incorporate strain optimization tasks, i.e., the identification   of Metabolic Engineering targets, using Evolutionary   Algorithms/Simulated Annealing metaheuristics or the previously proposed   OptKnock algorithm. It also allows the use of stoichiometric metabolic   models for (i) phenotype simulation of both wild-type and mutant   organisms, using the methods of Flux Balance Analysis, Minimization of   Metabolic Adjustment or Regulatory on/off Minimization of Metabolic flux   changes, (ii) Metabolic Flux Analysis, computing the admissible flux   space given a set of measured fluxes, and (iii) pathway analysis through   the calculation of Elementary Flux Modes.   OptFlux also contemplates several methods for model simplification and   other pre-processing operations aimed at reducing the search space for   optimization algorithms.   The software supports importing/exporting to several flat file formats   and it is compatible with the SBML standard. OptFlux has a visualization   module that allows the analysis of the model structure that is   compatible with the layout information of Cell Designer, allowing the   superimposition of simulation results with the model graph.   Conclusions: The OptFlux software is freely available, together with   documentation and other resources, thus bridging the gap from research   in strain optimization algorithms and the final users. It is a valuable   platform for researchers in the field that have available a number of   useful tools. Its open-source nature invites contributions by all those   interested in making their methods available for the community.   Given its plug-in based architecture it can be extended with new   functionalities. Currently, several plug-ins are being developed,   including network topology analysis tools and the integration with   Boolean network based regulatory models.",10.1186/1752-0509-4-45
1195,Article,Organizational Adoption of Open Source Software: Barriers and Remedies,NA,10.1145/1666420.1666457
1196,InProceedings,Overall standardization system (OSS) on county-level administrative services in China,"In this paper, we describe a standard system for governance management adopted in a county in China. This system is called Overall Standardization System (OSS). It combines the standardized measures with administrative services, and lays a foundation for the construction of electronic governance. Recently, counties in China have won more and more political and economic rights, and play a key role in government innovation. With this trend, we should keep eyes on the development of counties in China.",10.1145/1930321.1930397
1197,Article,POLICIES ON FREE SOFTWARE IN THE SPANISH EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT,"The article analyzes the malfunctions that the application of the free   software causes in the school practices. Fact is produced both for the   peculiarity of this technology and for the political ones who promote   the institutional projects of diffusion of the SL. As such political do   they determine the practices of education? From the approach of the   studies of Science, Technology and Society, we try to answer to the   question studying several centers of primary with skills of qualitative   cut. We conclude that the political ones emphasize the diffusion of the   SL, but are remiss in strategies of accompaniment to assure the success   of his application.",NA
1198,InProceedings,Panel - Teaching Students to Participate in Open Source Software   Projects,"This panel will present several experiences in involving students in   Open Source Software (OSS) projects from the perspectives of both the   instructor and a member of the OSS community. OSS is growing rapidly and   gaining market share in both industry (e. g., Linux and Mozilla) as well   as academia (e.g, Moodle, Greenfoot, and Drupal). OSS projects have a   culture built on volunteer participation to support software   development. Computing degree programs desire to involve students in   large-scale software projects to provide students with real-world   experience and an understanding of the issues found in large, complex   software projects. Involving computing students in OSS projects serves   both the OSS community by providing development resources for the   project while also serving the academic community by providing access to   large software projects in which students can gain experience. However,   the marriage of student and OSS project presents some challenges   including identification of approachable OSS projects, creation of   appropriate educational infrastructure, evaluation and grading, and   more. Panelists will address the factors that contribute to student   success in an OSS project.",NA
1200,Article,Participation in the Knowledge Society: the Free and Open Source   Software (FOSS) movement compared with participatory development,"The possibilities and limits of participation at the `bottom' (   represented, for example, by PRA and PLA) have been well articulated in   development literature. However, the emergence of the Knowledge Society   has opened up spaces for what we could call participation at the `top' (   free software, wiki, open access), the implications of which Development   Studies is only beginning to grapple with. Building upon recent debates   on the issue, we take the cases of the free software movement and   participatory development, arguing that they share common ground in   several ways. We aim to offer a few pointers on conceptualising   development in the Knowledge Society.",10.1080/09614520903566509
1202,InProceedings,Perceptions and Practices of Usability in the Free/Open Source Software   (FOSS) Community,"This paper presents results from a study examining perceptions and   practices of usability in the free/open source software (FOSS)   community. 27 individuals associated with 11 different FOSS projects   were interviewed to understand how they think about, act on, and are   motivated to address usability issues. Our results indicate that FOSS   project members possess rather sophisticated notions of software   usability, which collectively mirror definitions commonly found in HCI   textbooks. Our study also uncovered a wide range of practices that   ultimately work to improve software usability. Importantly, these   activities are typically based on close, direct interpersonal   relationships between developers and their core users, a group of users   who closely follow the project and provide high quality, respected   feedback. These relationships, along with positive feedback from other   users, generate social rewards that serve as the primary motivations for   attending to usability issues on a day-to-day basis. These findings   suggest a need to reconceptualize HCI methods to better fit this culture   of practice and its corresponding value system.",10.1145/1753326.1753476
1204,Article,Performance enhancement and validation of the open-source software for   modeling of ship infrared signatures (OSMOSIS),"Designing stealth technologies for modern warships requires methods for   signatures reduction (radar, infrared, etc). First, we have to model   these signatures. In Lapierre et al. (2006), Lapierre et al. (2007)   {[}3,4], we proposed an infrared (IR) ship signature simulation software   (OSMOSIS) that can manage parametric emissivity. OSMOSIS comprises a   smart computation time and memory management. Evaluating the   effectiveness of an IR signature reduction method implies simulating the   evolution of the IR signature with time. This requires a huge   computation time. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical meshing   strategy leading to an important reduction of the computation time. The   time complexity of the algorithm is shown to be O(root N), where N is   the requested number of facets of the mesh of the ship's surface. Then,   we validate OSMOSIS on temperature measurements performed on an   ``L-shape{''} object. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cam.2009.08.091
1205,Article,Phase Equilibria of Mixtures Containing Organic Sulfur Species (OSS) and   Water/Hydrocarbons: VLE Measurements and Modeling Using the   Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State,"We report new vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for dimethyl sulfide   (DMS) in pure water, performed at three temperatures (303, 330, and 362   K) in the 1-8 MPa pressure range The total system pressure was   maintained introducing CH4 The inlet mole fraction of DMS was the same   in all experiments, around 1 5 x 10(-3) in the liquid phase A   ``static-analytic{''} method was used for performing all of the   measurements The objective is to provide experimental VLE data for the   dimethyl sulfide + CH4 + water system, for which no data are available   in the open literature These data will allow industry to model sulfur   emissions The new VLE data as well as the VLE data of some binary   systems from the literature containing organic sulfur species +   hydrocarbon, organic sulfur species + water, and some ternary systems   containing organic sulfur species in hydrocarbons and water have been   modeled successfully with the cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of   state Useful remarks are presented about the application of Henry's   constant values to estimate binary interaction parameters of the CPA EoS   for the description of whole vapor-liquid equilibria The results using   CPA EoS show that the cross association interactions in the methyl   mercaptan + water system and ethyl mercaptan + water system should be   considered In aqueous mixtures of higher mercaptans, the consideration   of such interactions does not improve the calculations, indicating that   they are rather weak",10.1021/ie101470b
1206,Article,Phynx: an open source software solution supporting data management and   web-based patient-level data review for drug safety studies in the   general practice research database and other health care databases,"Purpose To develop a software solution that supports management and   clinical review of patient data from electronic medical records   databases or claims databases for pharmacoepidemiological drug safety   studies.   Methods We used open source software to build a data management system   and an internet application with a Flex client on a Java application   server with a MySQL database backend. The application is hosted on   Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. This solution named Phynx supports data   management, Web-based display of electronic patient information, and   interactive review of patient-level information in the individual   clinical context. This system was applied to a dataset from the UK   General Practice Research Database (GPRD).   Results Our solution can be setup and customized with limited   programming resources, and there is almost no extra cost for software.   Access times are short, the displayed information is structured in   chronological order and visually attractive, and selected information   such as drug exposure can be blinded. External experts can review   patient profiles and save evaluations and comments via a common Web   browser.   Conclusions Phynx provides a flexible and economical solution for   patient-level review of electronic medical information from databases   considering the individual clinical context. It can therefore make an   important contribution to an efficient validation of outcome assessment   in drug safety database studies. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley \\& Sons,   Ltd.",10.1002/pds.1860
1207,Article,"Private Benefits, Warm Glow, and Reputation in the Free and Open Source   Software Production Model","A great deal of production and consumption behavior takes place in the   context of social organizations that seem to fall outside of the   traditional paradigm of profit/utility maximization. These organizations   are voluntary in nature and rely on contributions from members to   achieve their objectives. Examples include the Linux operating system   and other FOSS projects, political movements, churches and religious   groups, Habitat for Humanity, and similar charitable organizations. In   this paper, we consider a world containing agents with heterogeneous   abilities who may voluntarily choose to make effort contributions to one   or more different public projects. Agents are motivated by a desire to   be seen as significant contributors to important and valuable projects,   the warm glow from the act of contributing, and a desire to directly   enjoy the benefits of projects when complete. We find that contributions   from others can be either strategic complements or substitutes. We show   that Nash equilibria exist and study how agents' abilities and project   quality affect the equilibrium levels of contributions.",10.1111/j.1467-9779.2009.01469.x
1209,InProceedings,Profiling F/OSS Adoption Modes: An Interpretive Approach,"This article presents the findings of a research aimed at characterizing   F/OSS migration initiatives, in total 30 experiences have been   considered, 19 of which have been conducted by public administrations   and the rest by private firms, operating different industries in eight   different countries.   Open source migration projects is a recent research topic, more so when   considering it from a managerial perspective. To overcome the lack of   theoretical models an empirical approach relying on grounded theory has   been adopted as this inductive approach allows theory building and   hypothesis formulation.   According to the results, migrating from proprietary into open source is   dependent on contextual and organizational factors, as for example, the   need of the change itself, the political support for the change, the   suitability of IT, the organizational climate, the motivation of the   human resources, the kind of leadership for the project or the firm   complexity. Besides, migration efforts imply strategic and   organizational consequences that the organization must evaluate well in   advance.",NA
1210,InProceedings,Reclassifying Success and Tragedy in FLOSS Projects,"This paper presents the results of a replication of English \\& Schweik's   2007 paper classifying FLOSS projects according to their stage of growth   and indicators of success. We recreated their analysis using a   comparable data set from 2006. We also expanded upon the original   results by analyzing data from an additional point in time and by   applying different criteria for evaluating the rate of new software   releases for sustainability of project activity. We discuss the points   of convergence and divergence from the original work from these   extensions of the classification and their implications for studying   FLOSS development using archival data. The paper contributes new   analysis of operationalizing success in FLOSS projects, with discussion   of implications of the findings.",NA
1211,Article,"Recommendations by Dental Staff and Use of Toothpicks, Dental Floss and   Interdental Brushes for Approximal Cleaning in an Adult Swedish   Population","Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the   recommendations relating to the use of approximal cleaning aids given by   dental hygienists and dentists, the self-care practices in a Swedish   population and the ability to remove dental plaque.   Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was randomly   distributed to 500 dental hygienists and 500 dentists and a similar   questionnaire was distributed to 1000 randomly selected individuals,   divided equally into the following age groups: 15 to 20, 21 to 40, 41 to   60 and > 60 years. A clinical examination evaluating the ability to   remove approximal dental plaque was also carried out in a total of 60   regular users of approximal cleaning aids. Plaque was scored before and   after cleaning with a toothpick, dental floss or an interdental brush.   Results: The response rate was 82\\%, 79\\% and 68\\% for the three groups.   The results reveal that dental hygienists give more detailed information   about a majority of the aspects that are related to the use of   approximal cleaning aids compared with dentists (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001).   The majority of the dental staff give recommendations to children and   adolescents firstly to prevent dental caries and to older individuals to   improve periodontal health. The use of different approximal cleaning   aids on a daily basis varied with respect to age group (2\\% to 42\\%);   dental floss dominated in the younger age groups and interdental brushes   in the two oldest groups. In the clinical study, the largest plaque   reduction was produced by the interdental brush (83\\%), followed by   toothpicks (74\\%) and dental floss (73\\%).   Conclusions: The present study indicated the importance of individual   recommendations related to the use of approximal cleaning aids.",NA
1212,Article,"Relationship quality, community promotion and brand loyalty in virtual   communities: Evidence from free software communities","The Internet has favored the growth of collaborative platforms where   marketers and consumers interact to develop more engaging products and   services. These platforms are usually centered in a specific   brand/product and their members are linked by a shared admiration to   that brand. This paper analyzes one of the most powerful online   collaborative platforms, the free software (FS) case, which involves a   lot of virtual communities developed around products such as Linux or   Android, the new Google's mobile operating system. Our purpose is to   determine some of the main antecedents and consequences of the consumer   involvement in this type of communities. Results have shown that   satisfaction with a virtual community may increase the level of consumer   participation in that community. At the same time, a greater   identification with the virtual community may increase indirectly the   consumer participation thanks to the enhancement of his/her satisfaction   with the community. We have also found positive and significant effects   of consumer identification and participation on the level of community   promotion. Finally, positive and significant effects of consumer   participation and satisfaction with the community on loyalty to the FS   were also found. These findings allow us to conclude some interesting   managerial implications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.01.004
1214,InProceedings,Research on Application of Open-source Software Sakai,"Sakai is an open-source, powerful and flexible platform. It is an   open-source CMS plan launched by Indiana University, University of   Michigan, Stanford University and the Massachusetts Institute of   Technology together in 2004. This paper introduces the process of Sakai   development and its basic functions and features, and briefly analyses   the advantages of Sakai, and then introduces the development environment   and related development techniques of Sakai, and finally, introduces the   application of Sakai at home and abroad. Compared with foreign   countries, the development situation and application standard of Sakai   is not mature, and we need to study it further.",NA
1215,InProceedings,Risks and Risk Mitigation in Open Source Software Adoption: Bridging the   Gap between Literature and Practice,"The possible benefits of open source software (OSS) have led   organizations into adopting a variety of OSS products. However, the   risks related to such an adoption, and how to reduce these risks, are   not well understood. Based on data from interviews, a questionnaire, and   workshops, this paper reports ongoing work in a multi-national telecom   company. The paper has three main contributions. First, it identifies   and discusses several risks related to OSS adoption. Second, it   identifies steps for reducing several of these risks. Third, it shows   how research can be used to increase the visibility of, and involve the   employees in, ongoing OSS efforts.",NA
1216,Article,"SPLASSH: Open source software for camera-based high-speed, multispectral   in-vivo optical image acquisition","Camera-based in-vivo optical imaging can provide detailed images of   living tissue that reveal structure, function, and disease. Highspeed,   high resolution imaging can reveal dynamic events such as changes in   blood flow and responses to stimulation. Despite these benefits,   commercially available scientific cameras rarely include software that   is suitable for in-vivo imaging applications, making this highly   versatile form of optical imaging challenging and time-consuming to   implement. To address this issue, we have developed a novel, open-source   software package to control high-speed, multispectral optical imaging   systems. The software integrates a number of modular functions through a   custom graphical user interface (GUI) and provides extensive control   over a wide range of inexpensive IEEE 1394 Firewire cameras.   Multispectral illumination can be incorporated through the use of   off-the-shelf light emitting diodes which the software synchronizes to   image acquisition via a programmed microcontroller, allowing arbitrary   high-speed illumination sequences. The complete software suite is   available for free download. Here we describe the software's framework   and provide details to guide users with development of this and similar   software. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America",10.1364/BOE.1.000385
1217,Article,Scilab and Maxima Environment: Towards Free Software in Numerical   Analysis,"In this work we will present the ScilabUMA environment we have developed   as an alternative to Matlab. This environment connects Scilab (for   numerical analysis) and Maxima (for symbolic computations). Furthermore,   the developed interface is, in our opinion at least, as powerful as the   interface of Matlab.",NA
1218,InProceedings,Security measurements within the framework of quality assessment models for free/libre open source software,"This article, presents a comparison of a first generation software quality assessment model (OpenBRR) and a second generation model (QualOSS) by applying them to the case of Asterisk, a FLOSS implementation of a telephone private branch exchange (PBX, VoIP). The key trend in the evolution of FLOSS quality assessment models is the movement from manual and descriptive to more automated and analytical models, and from the involvement of a few metrics to hundreds of metrics. Concerning the security measurements, they are much more sophisticated in QualOSS than in OpenBRR. Where OpenBRR have only three security metrics, QualOSS has nine security indicator with altogether 30-40 security metrics. This article shows how security are measured in the two assessment models, putting it into the overall context of the two approaches.",10.1145/1842752.1842796
1219,Article,"Skills, division of labor and performance in collective inventions:   Evidence from open source software","This paper investigates the skills and the division of labor among   participants in collective inventions. Our analysis draws on a large   sample of projects registered at Sourceforge.net, the world's largest   incubator of open source software activity. We test the hypothesis that   skill variety of participants is associated with project performance. We   also explore whether the level of modularization of project activities   is correlated with performance. Our econometric estimations show that   skill heterogeneity is associated with project survival and performance.   However, the relationship between skill diversity and performance is   non-monotonic. Design modularity is also positively associated with the   performance of the project. Finally, the interaction between skill   heterogeneity and modularity is negatively associated with performance.   (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijindorg.2009.07.004
1222,Article,Speed {Matters}: {The} {Role} of {Free} {Software} {Offer} in {Software} {Diffusion}: {JMIS},"Many software products are available free of charge. While the benefits resulting from network externality have been examined in the related literature, the effect of free offer on the diffusion of new software has not been formally analyzed. We show in this study that even if other benefits do not exist, a software firm can still benefit from giving away fully functioning software. This is due to the accelerated diffusion process and subsequently the increased net present value of future sales. By adapting the Bass diffusion model to capture the impact of free software offer, we provide a methodology to determine the optimal number of free adopters. We show that the optimal free offer solution depends on the discount rate, the length of the demand window, and the ratio of low-valuation to high-valuation free adopters. Our methodology is shown to be applicable for both fixed and dynamic pricing strategies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1223,Article,TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH OSS IMPLEMENTATION: THE CASE   OF PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ETHIOPIA,"The Open Source Software (OSS) literature gives little attention to the   study and practice of domain specific end-user OSS implementation in   general and in the public sector of developing countries (DCs) in   particular. This paper, however, investigates the trajectories of two   OSS-based information systems (IS) implementation projects in a   developing country (DC) context with the aim to uncover the   practice-based learning and resource sharing evident among locally   situated and globally dispersed developers and users. The result of the   interpretative case study research shows that the OSS philosophy and   practice of software development, implementation and ownership,   facilitates for the emergence of practice-based learning from the   sharing of implementation accounts and artifacts without sharing the   same context of work. Thus, the paper argues in favor of an   implementation approach that focuses on distributed practice-based   experience, knowledge and resource sharing, and learning with the   mediation of the information infrastructure in order to facilitate and   sustain OSS-based IS implementation in DCs. The paper contributes both   to the OSS and IS implementation literatures by showing the mechanisms   of developing the technological capacity of indigenous groups and using   the trans-situated learning model as a means to understanding the   learning dynamics in OSS implementation.",NA
1224,Article,THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMES OF KEY GROUPS IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE   IMPLEMENTATION IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT,"The emergence of open source software (OSS) has changed the philosophy   and practice of software development, implementation and ownership; a   phenomenon which also has influenced interpretations, actions and   behaviors of organizational members. This research explicates the   interpretations and subsequent actions of key stakeholder groups towards   OSS during the implementation of an OSS-based IS in a public sector   organization in Ethiopia. Drawing upon the technological frames   analytical framework, the study shows that the key stakeholder groups   interpreted openness of the software and the community model of software   implementation differently leading them to entertain divergent actions.   Users were keen to solving operational problems via readymade IS with a   third party support, while the management and technologists were   focusing on the strategic importance of OSS not only to their own   organization but also to the nation in general. Perception differences   led to alliance formation, political processes, and change of management   style. The study shows that as multiple interrelated elements shape the   technological frames of groups, the relationship between frame   incongruence and implementation is also complex and contextual. The   study proposes technological frame analysis as an integral part of OSS   implementation and a carefully crafted intervention to harness frame   incongruence, if any.",NA
1225,InProceedings,Teaching Software Engineering Using Open Source Software,"This paper describes our experience of using open source software   systems in teaching a graduate level software engineering course. The   motivation of this course, the course structure, the assessment, and the   outcomes are discussed. The comparative results using different   approaches are also presented.   !{''}\\#\\$\\%\\&'(\\$){*}{''}+,{*}-./ 0\\$ 1\\#{*} 2\\$) 1'( 3\\#\\&')!   `` \\#\\$\\#\\%\\&' () {*} +,-. ! / 01! 203(.) /,4( 0! 564- 06- ! 71+ 6/,4(   089!   ` () {*} +,-. !: 64- 06- !- 1+ 6/,4( 0!   4\\$+\\$'{''} 5{*} 6\\$' 7)!   ; / 0/ <-) - 0,=! 7>{*} -. 4) - 0,/,4( 0!   8 \\$ 9 : \\& `,) {*}   ?{*} - 0!: ( +. 6- =!: ( 3,@/. - !- 0< 40- -. 40<!",10.1145/1900008.1900084
1226,InProceedings,Teaching software engineering using open source software,"This paper describes our experience of using open source software systems in teaching a graduate level software engineering course. The motivation of this course, the course structure, the assessment, and the outcomes are discussed. The comparative results using different approaches are also presented.",10.1145/1900008.1900085
1227,InProceedings,Team Factors and Failure Processing Efficiency: An Exploratory Study of Closed and Open Source Software Development,"Researchers in the field of software engineering economics have associated team factors, such as team size and team experience, with productivity and quality. Since distributed and open source development have gained significance in the past few years, further empirical investigation is needed. Our study contributes to the empirical body of knowledge by addressing this development. In particular, we investigate the association between team factors and failure processing efficiency for closed source software releases of a large commercial software vendor and for open source software projects registered with SourceForge.net. We find significant links between team experience and the failure processing efficiency. However, our data does not show any evidence for adverse effects of distributed development. Our results further suggest that service level agreements and process governance are good tools to guarantee satisfactory processing times.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2010.25
1228,Article,The Effects of Extrinsic Motivations and Satisfaction in Open Source   Software Development,"As a new phenomenon in the software industry, Open Source Software (OSS)   development has attracted a high level of research interest. Examining   what motivates participants in OSS projects and how to enhance the   effects of motivations has received increased attention in recent years.   This study is prompted by the significant but detail-lacking examination   of differential effects of various types of extrinsic motivations on   participants' task effort in OSS projects and their interaction effects   with participants' psychological states. Drawing upon self-determination   theory, we establish four types of extrinsic motivations in OSS   communities (i.e., external, introjected, identified, and integrated   motivation) and investigate how these types affect task effort   differently. Also, integrating self-determination theory with affective   event theory, we study how satisfaction of needs for competence,   autonomy, and relatedness moderates the relationships between extrinsic   motivations and task effort. The research model is largely supported by   data from 250 participants in various OSS projects. Theoretical   contribution and practical implications are discussed.",NA
1229,InProceedings,The FOSS 2010 Community Report,"The purpose of this panel is to disseminate the findings from the   related FOSS workshop, a CCC-sponsored exploratory workshop held at   University of California, Irvine in February 2010. At the OSS conference   we will give first a report of what was learned at the FOSS workshop,   and then we will glean important feedback from community members who   were unable to be at the FOSS workshop. The four conveners of the FOSS   workshop will be the panelists at the OSS conference.",NA
1230,InProceedings,The Importance of Social Network Structure in the Open Source Software   Developer Community,"This paper outlines the motivations and methods for analyzing the   developer network of open source software (OSS) projects. Previous work   done by Hinds suggested social network structure was instrumental   towards the success of an OSS project, as measured by activity and   output. The follow-up paper by Thuds discovered that his   hypotheses, based on social network theory and previous research on the   importance of subgroup connectedness, were vastly different than the   results of his study of over 100 successful OSS projects. He concluded   that the social network structure had no significant effect on project   success We outline how his approach disregarded potentially important   factors and through a new study evaluate the role of the OSS developer   network as it pertains to long-term project popularity. We also present   an initial investigation into the adequacy of using the SourceForge   activity percentile as a long-term success metric In contrast with   Hinds, we show that previously existing developer-developer ties are an   indicator of past and future project popularity.",10.1109/HICSS.2010.385
1234,InProceedings,The Meso-level Structure of F/OSS Collaboration Network: Local   Communities and Their Innovativeness,"Social networks in Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) have been usually   analyzed at the level of the single project e.g., {[}6], or at the level   of a whole ecology of projects, e.g., {[}33]. In this paper, we also   investigate the social network generated by developers who collaborate   to one or multiple F/OSS projects, but we focus on the less-studied   meso-level structure emerging when applying to this network a   community-detection technique. The network of `communities' emerging   from this analysis links sub-groups of densely connected developers,   sub-groups that are smaller than the components of the network but   larger than the teams working on single projects. Our results reveal the   complexity of this meso-level structure, where several dense sub-groups   of developers are connected by sparse collaboration among different   sub-groups. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings with   reference to the wider literature on collaboration networks and   potential for innovation. We argue that the observed empirical   meso-structure in F/OSS collaboration network resembles that associated   to the highest levels of innovativeness.",NA
1235,InProceedings,The Present and Future of FLOSS Data Archives,"The purpose of this panel will be to discuss the features available in   current archives of data about open source projects. The panel will also   discuss possible future activities and features to be implemented into   these data archives. Community feedback, requests, and questions will   also be integrated into this panel discussion.",NA
1236,Article,The Process of Introducing FLOSS in the Public Administration: The Case   of Venezuela,"This study analyzes the mandatory FLOSS policies of the Bolivarian   Republic of Venezuela and the initiatives associated with the adoption   process. An expanded version of Gallivan's (2001) framework of   contingent authority innovation describes the way new policies extended   through the public structure of the country. Findings indicate that   Venezuela's FLOSS migration process fuses the agendas of social   inclusion, sovereignty, and freedom that the government is pursuing with   the availability of a ``Free Libre{''} technology. The present project   specifically contributes to the literature that examines information and   communication technology policies and their impact on developing   countries. In addition, the theoretical expansion of Gallivan's   framework can apply to other governmental technological adoptions where   ideology and politics play critical roles.",NA
1237,InProceedings,The Swarm Model in Open Source Software Developer Communities,"Most of the current swarm model studies and applications try to mimic the collective behaviors of social animals, such as birds and ants. The studies seek to solve tasks similar to patterns and behaviors exhibited in those animal colonies. In this research, we demonstrated that the swarm model is also the major collaboration and organization model of Open Source Software (OSS) developer communities. OSS developers swarm together and spend their time attempting to achieve their relatively simple goals, while their contributions emerged as a collection of useful and sophisticated functionality that can compete with commercial software. The results discovered in this research will be helpful in demonstrating that the swarm model can not only be considered as a feasible approach to classical optimization problems, but can also be applied to constructing highly sophisticated systems.",10.1109/SocialCom.2010.101
1238,InProceedings,The Way to an Open-Source Software for Automated Optimization and   Learning - OpenOpal,"An optimization framework combines various methods, strategies, and   programming interfaces on a robust software platform. Its development   requires knowledge from application areas, and about optimization   methods, as well as from software engineering. Different persons provide   diverse know-how about modeling and simulating engineering and/or   business problems, about search and optimization methods, and about new   software trends to implement them into software. This paper describes   the approach how an optimization framework based on evolutionary   algorithms and other methods is developed in subsequent projects with   application engineers and software developers cooperatively working   together guaranteeing a sophisticated knowledge transfer. Therefore,   particular knowledge management aspects are emphasized. As result, the   optimization platform OpenOpal and the ideas behind its software   architecture, supporting the know-how transfer, are presented. In order   to continuously improve this optimization framework it is transferred   into an open-source software initiative. The objective is to broaden the   user group by increasing the number of knowledge contributors both from   academia - integrating and testing newly developed optimization methods   - and from various engineering areas - providing real-world problems to   be solved.",NA
1239,Article,The economy of free and open source software in the preservation of   digital artefacts,"Purpose - Free and open source software (FOSS) brings many benefits to   digital preservation; however it is not ``free{''}. If the context in   which free and open source software tools are created and employed is   examined, it becomes clear that: the sustainability of any software   (FOSS, custom or commercial) to ensure the preservation of the digital   heritage will depend on careful assessment of, and provision for, the   costs (implicit and explicit) entailed in the production and continued   employment of these tools. The purpose of this paper is to focus on FOSS   and archiving of the digital heritage.   Design/methodology/approach - Portico, a not-for-profit digital   preservation service, explores the costs of FOSS based on its   experiences as a working archive with an extremely long time horizon.   Findings - There are considerable benefits to FOSS, including its   openness and the broad-based testing of it in real-world situations.   FOSS tools can provide considerable cost savings over proprietary tools.   However, FOSS is neither free to use, nor to create, nor to maintain.   Digital preservation organizations must inventory not only the FOSS   tools in the preservation arsenal, but the network of sustaining tools   (FOSS and otherwise), documentation, and ``tribal knowledge{''} that   make these tools effectively usable. The risks to sustainability of this   network of resources must be assessed, and determine what it will cost   to keep them viable. Strategies will have to be considered and   implemented for providing the means to sustain these resources. An   engaged community of use is the best guarantor of the vitality of any   FOSS tool. As that community wanes, it becomes even more essential to   capture the significant properties and domain knowledge about that tool.   Creators of new software in the digital preservation space have a   particular obligation to provide and maintain information about the   significant properties of that software.   Originality/value - The paper shows how Portico brings its practical   experiences integrating multiple FOSS tools to bear on an analysis of   the costs to creating and maintaining these tools over the long-term.",10.1108/07378831011047622
1243,InProceedings,The future of FLOSS in CHI research and practice,"In the past 10 years, Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) has become a potent enabler in all areas of computing. Despite its rise in importance, the CHI community has been slow to study and partner with the FLOSS community. This workshop will join researchers and practitioners from the CHI and FLOSS communities to establish an agenda for future research and collaboration between the two communities.",10.1145/1753846.1754177
1244,InProceedings,The future of research in free/open source software development,"Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) development is not the same an Software Engineering (SE). Why this is so is unclear and open to various interpretations. Both address the challenges of developing large software systems, but the development processes, work practices, and project forms differ significantly and in intersting ways according to recent empirical studies. This paper reports on highlights from a workshop held in early 2010 on the future of research in FOSS, and how such research relates to or informs our understanding of FOSS and SE, collaborative software development work, software evolution, and new software ecosystems. FOSS and SE are complementary in many ways, yet different in others, so understanding these complements and differences can help advance the future of research in both FOSS and SE. Some of these complements and differences are identified in this paper.",10.1145/1882362.1882427
1245,InProceedings,The role of user experience on FOSS acceptance,"Free and open source software (FOSS) movement essentially arises like   answer to the evolution occurred in the market from the software,   characterized by the closing of the source code. Furthermore, some FOSS   characteristics, such as (1) the advance of this movement and (2) the   attractiveness that contributes the voluntary and cooperative work, have   increased the interest of the users towards free software.   Traditionally, research in FOSS has focused on identifying individual   personal motives for participating in the development of a FOSS project,   analyzing specific FOSS solutions, or the FOSS movement itself.   Nevertheless, the advantages of the FOSS for users and the effect of the   demographic dimensions on user acceptance for FOSS have been two   research topics with little attention. Specifically, this paper's aim is   to focus on the influence of the user experience with FOSS the FOSS   acceptance. Based on the literature, user experience is an essential   demographic dimension for explaining the Information Systems acceptance.   With this purpose, the authors have developed a research model based on   the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM).",10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2\\_40
1247,Article,The {Humanitarian} {FOSS} {Project},"The Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (Humanitarian FOSS) Project is primarily an educational project whose goal is to engage more undergraduates in building free and open source software (FOSS) that benefits their community. Over the past four years, increasing numbers of undergraduates and computer science programs have been inspired by the Humanitarian FOSS project to make significant contributions to several active open source software development projects that have benefited organizations such as the Portland, Maine Ronald McDonald House, and the New York City Salvation Army. This article provides examples of several Humanitarian FOSS projects and describes other initiatives aimed at promoting undergraduate education about FOSS and its application within the community.",NA
1249,InProceedings,To Rule and Be Ruled: Governance and Participation in FOSS Projects,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Development has evoked images of   full participation, emancipation and flat organization. Despite such   rhetoric, some recent studies and practices reveal the re-emergence of   hierarchical structures in one form or another as an almost inevitable   aspect of the software development process. The objective of this paper   is to investigate, both theoretically and empirically, the reasons   behind this reappearance of hierarchy and its impact on the   participation patterns of open source projects.",NA
1250,InProceedings,Towards a pattern language for FLOSS development,"There is a lot of research anticipating a ""Free, Libre and Open Source Software"" (FLOSS) development process and recurring characteristics of FLOSS projects have been discussed by various authors. Research suggests that a unique FLOSS development approach does not exist and there is a family of different development processes instead. Pattern Languages have been used to describe distinctive and common features of processes. In this paper, we identify four FLOSS development patterns derived from related work and discussion about FLOSS in the communities. Building on that, we propose methods to verify the patterns.",10.1145/2493288.2493303
1251,Article,Trial with Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Bio-Oss used as grafting materials   in the treatment of the severe maxillar bone atrophy: clinical and   radiological evaluations,"Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the implant   osteo-integration, as well as the course of bone regeneration and   healing processes, thanks to the sinus lift procedure and by using PRF   (R) as a filling material, in association with the Bio-Oss (R).   Materials and Methods: 23 patients, requiring maxillary sinus lift in   order to place implants into posterior maxillary region, were involved   in this study. Selected cases, in which the height of the residual bone   was superior to 5 mm, were adopted for surgical procedure of ``one-stage   sinus lift{''} (implant insertion concurrently occured with sinus lift   resulting 6-9 months the healing and integration time). Before inserting   the implant, a small quantity of filling material was placed in the   cavity. For this purpose the bone fragment, stored in saline solution,   was employed mixed with Bio-Oss (R) and PRF (R), after being ground.   Results: All patients reported no pain to percussion, no sign of tissue   suffering in the soft peri-implant tissues, the presence of an optimal   primary stability of the inserted implants and a significant increase in   the peri-implant bone density.   Conclusions: In all cases included in this protocol, the Authors   observed a successful implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, according with   Albrektsson criteria.",NA
1252,Article,Trustworthiness of the FLOSS development process,"The paper presents key results of a survey conducted on stakeholders in   Free/Libre Open Source Software projects. The main focus of the survey   was the collection of data related to development practices of   Free/Libre Open Source Software communities and the identification of   elements that improve trustworthiness of the process. The survey was   carried out using a structured questionnaire about opinions and   practices followed by Free/Libre Open Source Software communities. We   divided the survey in two phases, the first phase were personal   interviews and, the second phase was based on an on-line questionnaire.   Both phases confirmed many expectations related to Free/Libre Open   Source Software and helped us to understand in details specific issues   related to trust and trustworthiness of the Free/Libre Open Source   Software development process as: maintenance, testing plans,   documentation etc.",NA
1253,InProceedings,Understanding and Auditing the Licensing of Open Source Software Distributions,"Free and open source software (FOSS) is often distributed in binary packages, sometimes part of GNU/Linux operating system distributions, or part of products distributed/sold to users. FOSS creates great opportunities for users, developers and integrators, however it is important for them to understand the licensing requirements of any package they use. Determining the license of a package and assessing whether it depends on other software with incompatible licenses is not trivial. Although this task has been done in a labor intensive manner by software distributions, automatic tools to perform this analysis are highly desired. This paper proposes a method to understand licensing compatibility issues in software packages, and reports an empirical study aimed at auditing licensing issues in binary packages of the Fedora-12 GNU/Linux distribution. The objective of this study is (i) to understand how the license declared in packages is consistent with those of source code files, and (ii) to audit the licensing information of Fedora-12, highlighting cases of incompatibilities between dependent packages. The obtained results—supported by feedback received from Fedora contributors—show that there exist many nuances in determining the license of a binary package from its source code, as well as cases of license incompatibility issues due to package dependencies.",10.1109/ICPC.2010.48
1254,InProceedings,Usability Innovations in OSS Development - Examining User Innovations in   an OSS Usability Discussion Forum,"This paper examines the emergence and evolution of user innovations in   Open Source Software (OSS) development, with focus on usability   innovations. Existing literature on user innovation and usability is   reviewed, after which usability innovation is empirically explored in   OSS development. The interpretive ease study shows that usability   innovations emerge and evolve in OSS development. They emerge after a   user recognizes a need, after which she invents a fix to meet the need,   thereafter needing a developer to realize the fix in the OSS.   Afterwards, the user experiments with the solution and may provide   feedback, which again may lead to the developer adjusting the OSS   accordingly. The process is characterized as a collaborative negotiation   process among the users and developers. The results also reveal that the   usability innovations may be need, opportunity or creativity based, and   connected to improving efficiency, effectiveness or satisfaction.   Implications both for theory and practice are discussed.",NA
1255,Article,Using the DEMO methodology for modeling open source software development   processes,"Context: Open source software development (OSSD) process modeling has   received increasing interest in recent years. These efforts aim to   identify common elements in the development process between multiple   open source software (OSS) projects. However, the complexity inherent to   OSSD process modeling puts significant demands on the modeling language.   Objective: In this paper, we propose that the Design and Engineering   Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) may provide an interesting   alternative to develop OSSD process models. DEMO exhibits two unique   features within the context of OSSD process modeling. First, DEMO   analyzes processes at the ontological level and provides high-level   process descriptions, instead of focusing on the implementation level.   Second, DEMO studies the communication patterns between human actors,   instead of the sequences in which activities are performed.   Method: We investigate the feasibility of using DEMO to construct OSSD   process models by means of a case study. DEMO models were constructed to   describe the NetBeans Requirements and Release process. In addition, the   quality of these DEMO models was evaluated using a quality framework for   conceptual modeling.   Results: Our results showed that our DEMO models exhibited a high level   of abstraction, thereby reducing the complexity of the OSSD process   models. In addition, the evaluation of the models developed in this   paper by using the quality framework for conceptual modeling showed that   the models were of high quality.   Conclusions: We have shown that the DEMO methodology can be successfully   used to model OSSD processes and to obtain abstract and high-quality   OSSD process models. However, given some potential drawbacks with   respect to understandability and implementability, we primarily propose   the use of DEMO within OSSD process modeling as an analysis tool that   should be complemented with other techniques and models for   communication and reenactment purposes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2010.02.002
1259,Article,Volunteers' Participation in Open Source Software Development: A Study   from the Social-Relational Perspective,"Open source software comprises a revolutionary new model of software   development and distribution. Widespread Internet access in the early   1990s led to a dramatic acceleration of open source activity; but the   success of a community open source project depends on the developers'   voluntary participation. This paper investigates the social-relational   factors, including developers' identification and obligation, shared   goals, cognitive and affective trust, and their effects on open source   software developer's participation. Data were collected from voluntary   developers in open source projects. The research findings show that the   social-relational factors are very important to promote developer's   participation in an open source project. This research contributes   empirically to the body of open source software research, and has   practical implications for open source software development.",NA
1261,InProceedings,"WEB BASED DISASTER INFORMATION SHARING PLATFORM, ``GeoWeb{''} USING OPEN   SOURCE SOFTWARE AND FREEWARE FOR RURAL AREAS","In Japan, Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries is responsible   for disaster reduction in rural areas and irrigation facilities, such as   head works, irrigation canals, pump stations, landslides, farm ponds,   etc. The sensor data collecting system for the detection of abnormal   conditions of the irrigation facilities or landslide is now being   replaced with new equipment. An event of disaster depends upon   meteorological factors, various conditions of facilities, the flow of   river, etc. Many different kinds of organizations, such as   meteorological observatories, the river bureau, a land improvement   district, etc., have observed data. If the residents in rural areas or   the staffs of land improvement bureau want to know the risk of disaster,   they must collect many kinds of data from many organizations. But such   kind of data is related to the location. Therefore in case that each   organization opens the observed data to the public using WMS, WFS, WCS   or under the ISO TC211 standards, the data users can easily obtain such   kind data associated with location information through the Internet.   This kind of www server is called ``GeoWeb{''}. The author conducts an   experiment on making it and trying to find problems.",NA
1262,InProceedings,"WattDepot: An open source software ecosystem for enterprise-scale energy   data collection, storage, analysis, and visualization","WattDepot is an open source, Internet-based, service-oriented framework   for collection, storage, analysis, and visualization of energy data.   WattDepot differs from other energy management solutions in one or more   of the following ways: it is not tied to any specific metering   technology; it provides high-level support for meter aggregation and   data interpolation; it supports carbon intensity analysis; it is   architecturally decoupled from the underlying storage technology; it   supports both hosted and local energy services; it can provide near-real   time data collection and feedback; and the software is open source and   freely available. In this paper, we introduce the framework, provide   examples of its use, and discuss its application to research and   understanding of the Smart Grid.",NA
1263,InProceedings,Wind maintenance system using network synchronization techniques based   on open-source software,"The use of open-source software in many institutions and organizations   is increasing. However, a balance should be considered between the   software cost and the cost of its technical support and reliability. In   this article, a maintenance system for wind farms will be presented. It   is connected to an information system for maintenance, called SNIFF   (Terology Integrated Modular System) as a general base to manage the   assets and as a support strategic line to the evolution of this system,   which incorporates on-condition maintenance modules, and the support to   the research and development done around this theme. The SMIT system is   based on a TCP/IP network, using a Linux server running a PostgreSQL   database and Apache web server with PHP, and Octave and R software for   numerical analysis. Maintenance technicians, chiefs, economic and   production management personnel can access SMIT database through SMIT   clients for Windows. In addition, this maintenance system for wind   systems uses also special low cost hardware for data acquisition on   floor level. The hardware uses a distributed TCP/IP network to   synchronize SMIT server master clock through Precision Time Protocol.   Usually, the manufactures construct, deploy and give the means for the   suppliers to perform the wind system's maintenance. This is a very   competitive area, where companies tend to hide the development details   and implementations. Within this scenario, the development of   maintenance management models for multiple wind equipments is important,   and will allow countries to be more competitive in a growing market. For   on-condition monitoring, the algorithms are based on Support Vector   Machines and time series analysis running under Octave and R open-source   software's.",NA
1264,InProceedings,Wind maintenance system using network synchronization techniques based on open-source software,"The use of open-source software in many institutions and organizations is increasing. However, a balance should be considered between the software cost and the cost of its technical support and reliability. In this article, a maintenance system for wind farms will be presented. It is connected to an information system for maintenance, called SMIT (Terology Integrated Modular System) as a general base to manage the assets and as a support strategic line to the evolution of this system, which incorporates on-condition maintenance modules, and the support to the research and development done around this theme. The SMIT system is based on a TCP/IP network, using a Linux server running a PostgreSQL database and Apache web server with PHP, and Octave and R software for numerical analysis. Maintenance technicians, chiefs, economic and production management personnel can access SMIT database through SMIT clients for Windows. In addition, this maintenance system for wind systems uses also special low cost hardware for data acquisition on floor level. The hardware uses a distributed TCP/IP network to synchronize SMIT server master clock through Precision Time Protocol. Usually, the manufactures construct, deploy and give the means for the suppliers to perform the wind system's maintenance. This is a very competitive area, where companies tend to hide the development details and implementations. Within this scenario, the development of maintenance management models for multiple wind equipments is important, and will allow countries to be more competitive in a growing market. For on-condition monitoring, the algorithms are based on Support Vector Machines and time series analysis running under Octave and R open-source software's.",NA
1265,Article,{CRC} {MOBILE} {BROADCASTING} {F}/{LOSS} {PROJECTS},"While you do not depend on outside developers to move the project forward, such developers do exist. Most would contribute more if they could be paid to do so and some would be glad to have full-time jobs on the project. From a hiring standpoint, these developers are known quantities. You have been coordinating with them and already have samples of their work. You have had good results hiring contract developers this way and hope to continue and expand that practice in the future. The Communications Research Centre Canada (CRC), the federal government's primary laboratory for advanced telecommunications research and development, has been at the forefront of new developments in mobile digital broadcasting technologies since their inception in the late 1980s. This paper presents CRC's attempt to increase collaboration and innovation in the field of mobile broadcasting by developing and offering complete end-to-end Free, Libre and Open Source Software toolsets for the transmission and reception of DAB and FM/RDS applications and services.",NA
1268,Article,{THE} {STATE} {OF} {FREE} {SOFTWARE} {IN} {MOBILE} {DEVICES},"For highly technical users who did not need many peripherals, the Free Software community had reached a state of complete software freedom. Yet, in 1992, everyone agreed there was still much work to be done. Even today, you still strive for a desktop and server operating system, with all relevant applications, that grants complete software freedom. Hardware companies are not the only entity interested in phone operating systems. Google, ever-focused on routing human eyes to its controlled advertising, realizes that even more eyes will be on mobile computing platforms in the future. With this goal in mind, Google released the Android/Linux system, now available on a variety of phones in varying degrees of software freedom. Seeking software freedom on mobile devices will remain a complicated endeavour for some time. Your community should utilize the F/LOSS releases from companies, but should not forget that, until viable community forks exist, software freedom on these devices exists at the whim of these companies.",NA
1269,Article,(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)biaryl Negative Allosteric Modulators of   mGlu<sub>5</sub>: Discovery of a New Tool Compound with Activity in the   OSS Mouse Model of Addiction,"Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian central   nervous system (CNS), exerting its effects through both ionotropic and   metabotropic glutamate am receptors. The metabotropic glutamate   receptors (mGlus) belong to family C of the G-protein-coupled receptors   (GPCRs). The eight mGlus identified to date are classified into three   groups based on their structure, preferred signal transduction   mechanisms, and pharmacology (group I: mGlu(1) and mGlus; group II:   mGlu(2) and mGlu(3); group III: mGlu(4), mGlu(6), mGlu(7), and mGlu(8)).   Noncompetitive antagonists, also known as negative allosteric modulators   (NAMs), of mGlus offer potential therapeutic applications in diseases   such as pain, anxiety, gastresophageal reflux disease (GERD),   Parkinson's disease (PD), fragile X syndrome, and addiction. The   development of structure activity relationships (SAR) in a   (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)biaryl series using our functional cell-based   assay is described in this communication. Further characterization of a   selected compound,   3-fluoro-(5-(2-methylbenzo{[}d]thiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile, in additional   cell based assays as well as in vitro assays designed to measure its   metabolic stability and protein binding indicated its potential utility   as an in vivo tool. Subsequent evaluation of the same compound in a   pharmacokinetic study using intraperitoneal dosing in mice showed good   exposure in both plasma and brain samples. The compound was efficacious   in a mouse marble burying model of anxiety, an assay known to be   sensitive to mGlus antagonists. A new operant model of addiction termed   operant sensation seeking (OSS) was chosen as a second behavioral assay.   The compound also proved efficacious in the OSS model and constitutes   the first reported example of efficacy with a small molecule mGlu(5) NAM   in this novel assay.",10.1021/cn100099n
1270,Article,<i>Groupware</i> and social software: a framework proposal for   analytical evaluation of free software tools,"Groupware tools have been standard in the coordination of work in   organizations. The development of social networks, has popularized the   pattern of collaborative work. This paper aims, first, defining a model   for analysis and use of groupware functionality. Second, using the   proposed model to establish whether groupware tools are evolving by   integrating social features into their performance.",10.3145/epi.2011.jul.16
1271,InProceedings,A Concept of a Virtual Research Environment for Long-Term Ecological   Projects with Free and Open Source Software,"The management of data and data resources created by different research   activities are heavily influenced by various research philosophies and   sampling strategies. Within long-term environmental research (LTER)   projects data on flows of individuals, chemical substances and other   biotic and abiotic materials are collected by different project partners   and institutions. This leads not only to different data bases, but also   to incomparable data sets. Therefore, a virtual research environment   (VRE) for research projects concerning environmental management should   be worked out. The facilities of data sharing, interactive data   collaboration and data storage as well as the communication within a   project team by metadata are in the focus of a VRE which have to be   optimised by WEB 2.0 and other collaboration tools. From this background   the FOSS application ``GeoNetwork - Opensource{''} (GNOS) is aimed to be   used as a central component for data management in a VRE.",NA
1272,Article,A Hidden Markov Model of Developer Learning Dynamics in Open Source   Software Projects,"This study develops a stochastic model to capture developer learning   dynamics in open source software projects (OSS). A hidden Markov model   (HMM) is proposed that allows us to investigate (1) the extent to which   individuals learn from their own experience and from interactions with   peers, (2) whether an individual's ability to learn from these   activities varies as she evolves/learns over time, and (3) to what   extent individual learning persists over time. We calibrate the model   based on six years of detailed data collected from 251 developers   working on 25 OSS projects hosted at Sourceforge. Using the HMM, three   latent learning states (high, medium, and low) are identified, and the   marginal impact of learning activities on moving the developer between   these states is estimated. Our findings reveal different patterns of   learning in different learning states. Learning from peers appears to be   the most important source of learning for developers across the three   states. Developers in the medium learning state benefit the most through   discussions that they initiate. On the other hand, developers in the low   and the high states benefit the most by participating in discussions   started by others. While in the low state, developers depend entirely   upon their peers to learn, whereas in the medium or high state, they can   also draw upon their own experiences. Explanations for these varying   impacts of learning activities on the transitions of developers between   the three learning states are provided. The HMM is shown to outperform   the classical learning curve model. The HMM modeling of this study   contributes to the development of a theoretically grounded understanding   of learning behavior of individuals. Such a theory and associated   findings have important managerial and operational implications for   devising interventions to promote learning in a variety of settings.",10.1287/isre.1100.0308
1273,InProceedings,A Historical Account of the Value of Free and Open Source Software: From   Software Commune to Commercial Commons,"Free and open source software has transformed from what has been   characterized as a resistance movement against proprietary software to   become a commercially viable form of software development, integrated in   various forms with proprietary software business. In this paper we   explain this development as a dependence on historical formations,   shaped by different ways of justifying the use of open source during   different periods of time. These formations are described as   arrangements of different justificatory logics within a certain time   frame or a certain group of actors motivating the use of free and open   source software by referring to different potentialities. The   justificatory arrangements change over time, and tracing these changes   makes it easier to understand how the cultural, economic and social   practices of open source movements are currently being absorbed and   adopted in a commercial context.",NA
1274,InProceedings,A Qualitative Study of Open Source Software Development: The Open EMR Project,"Open Source software is competing successfully in many areas. The commercial sector is recognizing the benefits offered by Open Source development methods that lead to high quality software. Can these benefits be realized in specialized domains where expertise is rare? This study examined discussion forums of an Open Source project in a particular specialized application domain--electronic medical records--to see how development roles are carried out, and by whom. We found through a qualitative analysis that the core developers in this system include doctors and clinicians who also use the product. We also found that the size of the community associated with the project is an order of magnitude smaller than predicted, yet still maintains a high degree of responsiveness to issues raised by users. The implication is that a few experts and a small core of dedicated programmers can achieve success using an Open Source approach in a specialized domain.",10.1109/ESEM.2011.11
1278,InProceedings,A Requirements-Based Analysis of Success in Open-Source Software   Development Projects,"The literature on open-source requirements is commonly concerned either   with the processes associated with these requirements or with very   specific requirements-related aspects of open-source development. In   this study we bridge between these two approaches by exploring the   existing relationships between open-source requirements and few   characteristics of open-source projects (software quality and software   project success). First we develop a requirements-based taxonomy of   open-source projects and we discover patterns linking between this   taxonomy and project success. We also propose a classification of   requirement types based on their representativeness in open-source   projects. This highlights the overall importance of various types of   requirements in the context of open-source software development. We also   identify exceptions defined as the unusually high frequency of a   requirement type and explain them based on the specific domain addressed   within the project containing the exception. Finally, we investigate the   lifecycle of 16 open-source projects and discover and explain patterns   of evolution for a number of requirement types.",NA
1280,InProceedings,A Structure of Co-creation in an Open Source Software Ecosystem: A Case   Study of the Eclipse Community,"In an open source software (OSS) development community supported by   spontaneous volunteers, personal interests, technical capabilities,   hunger for fame, and the satisfaction of contributing to the public good   are said to be motivating factor for participation. In that community,   companies always play auxiliary roles, and integrate the result of OSS   into their business activities.   However, in the Eclipse open source software community, the main role of   OSS development activities is taken over by companies. The relationship   between individuals and companies is reversed. Therefore, it becomes   important to maintain the motivation of the development community,   promote innovation and link the activities to the profit of a company.   In other words, management of co-creation and competition are being   conducted at the same time.   This paper tries to clarify a structure of co-creation in an OSS   ecosystem led by companies considering the Eclipse community as one   particular case. It also constructs a co-creation process model to   promote sustainable development for an OSS ecosystem following two axes   1) value sharing and value acquisition, and 2) quantitative development   and qualitative development. Some mechanisms that drive this process are   embedded everywhere in the Eclipse ecosystem.",NA
1282,Article,A Study of Open Source Software Development from Control Perspective,"Open source software (OSS) has achieved great success and exerted   significant impact on the software industry. OSS development takes   online community as its organizational form, and developers voluntarily   work for the project. In the project execution process, control aligns   individual behaviors toward the organizational goals via the Internet   and becomes critical to the success of OSS projects. This paper   investigates the control modes in OSS project communities, and their   effects on project performance. Based on a web survey and archival data   from OSS projects, it is revealed that three types of control modes,   that is, outcome, clanship, and self-control, are effective in an OSS   project community. The study contributes to a better understanding of   OSS project organizations and processes, and provides advice for OSS   development.",10.4018/jdm.2011010102
1284,Article,A comparative study of challenges in integrating Open Source Software   and Inner Source Software,"Context: Several large software-developing organizations have adopted   Open Source Software development (OSSD) practices to develop in-house   components that are subsequently integrated into products. This   phenomenon is also known as ``Inner Source{''}. While there have been   several reports of successful cases of this phenomenon, little is known   about the challenges that practitioners face when integrating software   that is developed in such a setting.   Objective: The objective of this study was to shed light on challenges   related to building products with components that have been developed   within an Inner Source development environment.   Method: Following an initial systematic literature review to generate   seed category data constructs, we performed an in-depth exploratory case   study in an organization that has a significant track record in the   implementation of Inner Source. Data was gathered through   semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of divisions   across the organization. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using   qualitative data analysis techniques.   Results: We have identified a number of challenges and approaches to   address them, and compared the findings to challenges related to   development with OSS products reported in the literature. We found that   many challenges identified in the case study could be mapped to   challenges related to integration of OSS.   Conclusion: The results provide important insights into common   challenges of developing with OSS and Inner Source and may help   organizations to understand how to improve their software development   practices by adopting certain OSSD practices. The findings also identify   the areas that need further research. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2011.06.007
1288,InProceedings,A generic framework for stochastic dynamic simulation of chemical   engineering systems using free/open source software,"Chemical engineering process modelling and simulation pose significant   challenges to the computer program developer. Chemical processes are   invariably described by non-linear equations such as chemical reaction   kinetics, flow-pressure relationships and physical properties. Dynamic   simulation of such systems involves the solution of sets of non-linear   differential and algebraic equations. There is also uncertainty   associated with the model equations themselves (model uncertainty),   their parameters (parametric uncertainty) and the inputs into the model   (input uncertainty). Tools that aid chemical engineers in the solution   of these problems have been successfully commercialised and enjoy a   measure of success, although the adoption of dynamic and stochastic   simulation packages is lagging behind the steady-state flowsheeting   tools.   Commercial software solutions can be prohibitively expensive in addition   to confining users to adhere to proprietary standards. The Free Software   and Open Source movements have made inroads into providing   non-proprietary alternatives to many commercial software packages, which   has encouraged the adoption of open standards.   This work presents a framework for the development of stochastic dynamic   simulations of chemical processes using only free and open source   software. The large problem of stochastic dynamic simulation has been   broken down into stages:   1. Input modelling using Markov chain models trained on process data or   seeded by hand in addition to stationary distribution models. This   enables dynamic scenarios to be handled with the minimum of special case   code generation.   2. Process modelling using an object-oriented approach in the Modelica   language. Modelica has an actively developed open source implementation   called OpenModelica and is an open standard modelling language.   3. Monte Carlo simulation using extensions to the OpenModelica compiler   that ease parallel simulations   4. Postprocessing, including visualisation and statistical analysis.   Statistics that are generated can be used for control evaluation   purposes.   The Tennessee-Eastman challenge process is used to illustrate its   capabilities.",NA
1289,InProceedings,A study of language usage evolution in open source software,"The use of programming languages such as Java and C in Open Source Software (OSS) has been well studied. However, many other popular languages such as XSL or XML have received minor attention. In this paper, we discuss some trends in OSS development that we observed when considering multiple programming language evolution of OSS. Based on the revision data of 22 OSS projects, we tracked the evolution of language usage and other artefacts such as documentation files, binaries and graphics files. In these systems several different languages and artefact types including C/C++, Java, XML, XSL, Makefile, Groovy, HTML, Shell scripts, CSS, Graphics files, JavaScript, JSP, Ruby, Phyton, XQuery, OpenDocument files, PHP, etc. have been used. We found that the amount of code written in different languages differs substantially. Some of our findings can be summarized as follows: (1) JavaScript and CSS files most often co-evolve with XSL; (2) Most Java developers but only every second C/C++ developer work with XML; (3) and more generally, we observed a significant increase of usage of XML and XSL during recent years and found that Java or C are hardly ever the only language used by a developer. In fact, a developer works with more than 5 different artefact types (or 4 different languages) in a project on average.",10.1145/1985441.1985447
1290,Article,A systematic review of research on open source software in commercial software product development,"The popularity of the open source software development in the last decade, has brought about an increased interest from the industry on how to use open source components, participate in the open source community, build business models around this type of software development, and learn more about open source development methodologies. There is a need to understand the results of research in this area. Since there is a need to understand conducted research, the aim of this study is to summarize the findings of research that has been carried out on usage of open source components and development methodologies by the industry, as well as companies' participation in the open source community. Systematic review through searches in library databases and manual identification of articles from the open source conference. The search was first carried out in May 2009 and then once again in May 2010. In 2009, 237 articles were first found, from which 19 were selected based on content and quality, and in 2010, 76 new articles were found from which four were selected. Twenty three articles were identified in total. The articles could be divided into four categories: open source as part of component based software engineering, business models with open source in commercial organization, company participation in open source development communities, and usage of open source processes within a company.",NA
1291,Article,A theory-grounded framework of Open Source Software adoption in SMEs,"The increasing popularity and use of Open Source Software (OSS) has led   to significant interest from research communities and enterprise   practitioners, notably in the small business sector where this type of   software offers particular benefits given the financial and human   capital constraints faced. However, there has been little focus on   developing valid frameworks that enable critical evaluation and common   understanding of factors influencing OSS adoption. This paper seeks to   address this shortcoming by presenting a theory-grounded framework for   exploring these factors and explaining their influence on OSS adoption,   with the context of study being small- to medium-sized Information   Technology (IT) businesses in the U.K. The framework has implications   for this type of business and, we will suggest, more widely as a frame   of reference for understanding, and as tool for evaluating benefits and   challenges in, OSS adoption. It also offers researchers a structured way   of investigating adoption issues and a base from which to develop models   of OSS adoption. The study reported in this paper used the Decomposed   Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) as a basis for the research   propositions, with the aim of: (i) developing a framework of empirical   factors that influence OSS adoption; and (ii) appraising it through case   study evaluation with 10 U.K. Small- to medium-sized enterprises in the   IT sector. The demonstration of the capabilities of the framework   suggests that it is able to provide a reliable explanation of the   complex and subjective factors that influence attitudes, subjective   norms and control over the use of OSS. The paper further argues that the   DTPB proved useful in this research area and that it can provide a   variety of situation-specific insights related to factors that influence   the adoption of OSS. European Journal of Information Systems (2011) 20,   237-250. doi:10.1057/ejis.2010.60; published online I February 2011",10.1057/ejis.2010.60
1295,Article,AGAINST INTELLECTUAL MONOPOLY: FREE SOFTWARE IN CHINA,"The Free Software/Open Source movements have not only challenged the   proprietary software, but have also inspired many other movements   against intellectual monopoly far beyond the software world, challenging   the I PR dogma as a whole. However, these have had less influence in   China thus far, though there has been a rapid growth of free/open source   software in China. This article argues that China now needs a different   voice against the IPR dogma and should make a contribution to the   international effort against intellectual monopoly, and the software   industry could be where to start. On one hand, China should take further   measures to promote the development of free/open source software. On the   other hand, China needs to scrutinize and reform relevant economic and   legal systems and adjust strategy for international negotiations,   strengthening antitrust enforcement against software monopoly and taking   a tough stance against software patents in international community.",NA
1296,Article,"AGAINST THE ``NETWORKED INFORMATION ECONOMY{''}: RETHINKING   DECENTRALIZATION, COMMUNITY, AND FREE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT",NA,NA
1297,InProceedings,ALERT: Active Support and Real-Time Coordination Based on Event Processing in Open Source Software Development,"ALERT is two and half year FP7 project started in October 2010. The overall goal of ALERT is to develop methods and tools that improve coordination in FLOSS development projects by maintaining awareness of community activities through real-time, personalized, context-aware notification. In this paper we summarize its objectives, the proposed way to achieve them and the expected contributions.",10.1109/CSMR.2011.52
1299,Article,Activist-driven innovation: an interpretive history of free software,"The understanding that there are two distinct regimes for the production of software is increasingly common in literature. What is not so common, and is therefore the most original contribution of this paper is, on the one hand, the historical approach to the configuration of those regimes and, on the other hand, the analysis of the factors determining the technical and commercial success of one regime over the other. Furthermore, we have worked with two additional hypotheses: first, that the development of free software historically belongs to the public/scientific knowledge production regime - i.e., free software mimicking the organization of the scientific community because it has its historical roots in it; and secondly, that in a ""market competition"" environment the public and scientific regime has proven more efficient and has therefore forced companies working in the private/business regime to adopt free or open source software.",10.1590/S0102-69092011000200005
1303,Article,"Adopting Free/Libre/Open Source Software Practices, Techniques and   Methods for Industrial Use","Today's software companies face the challenges of highly distributed   development projects and constantly changing requirements. This paper   proposes the adoption of relevant Free/Libre/Open Source Software   (FLOSS) practices in order to improve software development projects in   industry. Many FLOSS projects have proven to be very successful,   producing high quality products with steady and frequent releases. This   study aims to identify FLOSS practices that can be adapted for the   corporate environment. To achieve this goal, a framework to compare   FLOSS and industrial development methodologies was created. Three   successful FLOSS projects were selected as study targets (the Linux   Kernel, the FreeBSD operating system, and the JBoss application server),   as well as two projects from Ericsson, a large telecommunications   company. Based on an analysis of these projects, FLOSS best practices   were tailored to fit industrial development environments. The final   results consisted of a set of key adoption opportunities that aimed to   improve software quality and overall development productivity by   importing best practices from the FLOSS environment. The adoption   opportunities were then validated at three large corporations.",NA
1307,InProceedings,Adoption of OSS Development Practices by the Software Industry: A Survey,"The paper presents a survey of aspects related to the adoption of Open   Source Software by the software industry. The aim of this study was to   collect data related to practices and elements in the development   process of companies that influence the trust in the quality of the   product by potential adopters. The work is part of the research done   inside the QualiPSo project and was carried out using a qualitative   study based on a structured questionnaire focused on perceptions of   experts and development practices used by companies involved in the Open   Source Software industry. The results of the survey confirm intuitive   concerns related to the adoption of Open Source Software as: the   selection of the license, the quality issues addressed, and the   development process tasks inside Open Source Software projects. The   study uncovered specific aspects related to trust and trustworthiness of   the Open Source Software development process that we did not find in   previous studies as: the standards implemented by the OSS project, the   project's roadmap is respected, and the communication channels that are   available.",NA
1308,Article,Adoption of Open Source Software: The role of social identification,"While the benefits of incorporating Open Source Software (OSS) into   personal and organizational systems have been widely touted, OSS must be   adopted and used by end users before these benefits can be realized.   Drawing on research in information systems and sociology, this study   develops and evaluates an integrated model for the acceptance of OSS. In   addition to the traditional technology adoption variables the findings   stress the importance of social identification as a key driver of OSS   adoption. The proposed model provides a useful decision support tool for   assessing and proactively designing interventions targeted at successful   OSS adoption and diffusion. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2010.12.010
1312,InProceedings,An Approach for Evaluating FOSS Projects for Student Participation,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) offers a transparent development   environment and community in which to involve students. Students can   learn much about software development and professionalism by   contributing to an on-going project. However, the number of FOSS   projects is very large and there is a wide range of size, complexity,   domains, and communities, making selection of an ideal project for   students difficult. This paper addresses the need for guidance when   selecting a FOSS project for student involvement by presenting an   approach for FOSS project selection based on clearly identified   criteria. The approach is based on several years of experience involving   students in FOSS projects.",NA
1313,InProceedings,An Integrated Geospatial Data Management System in a Complex Public   Research Environment using Free and Open Source Software,"The interdisciplinary nature of environmental research centres, dealing   with geospatial data, analysis and environmental modelling on a daily   basis, requires specific methods and technologies in the field of   geospatial information management. The large amount of generated   information has to be stored, catalogued, visualised and treated   effectively for further analysis. The Public Research Centre Henri Tudor   has set up a prototype system to create an integrated geospatial data   infrastructure, serving the needs of various user profiles from novice   level to advanced and experienced data analysts and modellers. The paper   will show solutions on how to give a broad range of users access to an   integrated infrastructure. This is achieved by introducing different   user interfaces: an easy to use web interface for beginners - advanced   web mapping and feature services coupled to desktop GIS applications for   intermediates - direct data base access, making use of cutting-edge   geospatial tools and spatially distributed modelling algorithms for   experts. The system is fully functional on all user levels and based on   free and open source software. It is integrating current standards of   the Open Geospatial Consortium, to assure exchange with stakeholders and   to guarantee its further functional extensibility.",NA
1314,Article,An Open-Source Software for Interactive Visualization Using C plus plus   and OpenGL: Applications to Stochastic Theory Education in Water   Resources Engineering,"The purpose of this article is to explain the design and implementation   of an open-source engineering education software called Stochastic   Theory Education through Visualization Environment (STEVE), version 2.0.   In an earlier article, a proof-of-concept for a computer-aided   visualization tool (also named STEVE, version 1.0) for stochastic theory   education in water resources engineering was articulated {[}see, Schwenk   et al. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ., 2008, in press). Using lava Native   Interfacing, it was shown that STEVE 1.0 could wrap a space time   stochastic model written in any computer language and be independent of   any specific language compiler during tool usage. This article describes   the general philosophy, software design, and classroom usage for STEVE   with significant improvements on visualization and user-friendliness   (hence, rightfully called version 2.0). The software was created using   the C++ programming language with the Microsoft Windows Applications   Programming Interface (API). OpenGL was used for the visualization   display, and the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) was used to visualize   text inside the OpenGL window. The instructor-specified simulation   program on stochastic theory was written in Fortran 77. The application   has user-friendly options for modifying input data and parameter   specifications as desired by the instructor or the student user. STEVE   2.0 has been tested with the Windows XP and Windows Vista operating   systems. For the benefit of interested users and software makers, we   also provide the software application, a short tutorial and all   pertinent source codes as freeware for download on our STEVE homepage at   http://iweb.tntech.edu/saswe/steve.html. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals,   Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 48-55, 2011; View this article online at   wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20288",10.1002/cae.20288
1315,Article,An open source software project for obstetrical procedure scheduling and occupancy analysis,"Increases in the rate of births via cesarean section and induced labor have led to challenging scheduling and capacity planning problems for hospital inpatient obstetrical units. We present occupancy and patient scheduling models to help address these challenges. These patient flow models can be used to explore the relationship between procedure scheduling practices and the resulting occupancy on inpatient obstetrical units such as labor and delivery and postpartum. The models capture numerous important characteristics of inpatient obstetrical patient flow such as time of day and day of week dependent arrivals and length of stay, multiple patient types and clinical interventions, and multiple patient care units with inter-unit patient transfers. We have used these models in several projects at different hospitals involving design of procedure scheduling templates and analysis of inpatient obstetrical capacity. In the development of these models, we made heavy use of open source software tools and have released the entire project as a free and open source model and software toolkit.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s10729-010-9141-8
1316,InProceedings,Applying Open Standards and Open Source Software for Smart Grid   Applications: Simulation of Distributed Intelligent Control of Power   Systems,"Open source solutions will enable the acceptance and usage of open   standards for smart grid applications. The aim of this work is to   demonstrate the possible usage of a distributed automation system for   controlling electrical power systems with Distributed Energy Resources   (DER). The control approach is based on the IEC 61499 reference model   for distributed control system and its open source solution 4DIAC   whereas the power system is simulated with the open source software   PSAT. In addition, a freely available stack implementation of the IEC   61850 standard for substation automation is used for monitoring the   process variables. As an example the coordinated voltage control of an   Under-Load Tap Changer (ULTC) is implemented as IEC 61499 control   application in the 4DIAC framework and the ULTC model together with a   model of the distribution network are simulated in the GNU Octave/PSAT   environment.",NA
1317,InProceedings,Approach-specific multi-grid anatomical modeling for neurosurgery   simulation with public-domain and open-source software,"We present on-going work on multi-resolution sulcal-separable meshing   for approach-specific neurosurgery simulation, in conjunction multi-grid   and Total Lagrangian Explicit Dynamics finite elements. Conflicting   requirements of interactive nonlinear finite elements and small   structures lead to a multi-grid framework. Implications for meshing are   explicit control over resolution, and prior knowledge of the intended   neurosurgical approach and intended path. This information is used to   define a subvolume of clinical interest, within some distance of the   path and the target pathology. Restricted to this subvolume are a   tetrahedralization of finer resolution, the representation of critical   tissues, and sulcal separability constraint for all mesh levels.",10.1117/12.877883
1318,InProceedings,Aspects of an Open Source Software Sustainable Life Cycle,"In this paper we present a literature overview about OSS sustainability,   considering not only financial resources, but also community growth,   source code and tools management. Based on these aspects, we define an   OSS life cycle that may contribute to OSS projects sustainability.",NA
1320,InProceedings,Automated Security Metrics in ISMSs to Discover the Level of Security of   OSs and DBMSs,"The information society is ever-increasingly dependent upon Information   Security Management Systems (ISMSs), and the availability of these   systems has come to be vital to the evolution of SMEs. However, this   type of companies requires ISMSs which have been adapted to their   particular characteristics, and which are optimised from the point of   view of the resources that are necessary to install and maintain them.   This paper concentrates on the development of a process for ISMSs that   will allow the level of security of critical applications installed in   these sytems, i.e., Operative Systems and Data Base Management Systems,   to be measured. This process is currently being directly applied in real   cases, thus leading to an improvement in its application.",NA
1321,InProceedings,BEM-NIRFAST: Open source software for 3D Image-guided near-infrared   spectroscopy using boundary element method,"NIRFAST is open source software for near infrared (NIR) imaging using   finite element method for modeling light diffusion tissue. Recently, we   integrated an add-on to NIRFAST based on boundary-element method (BEM)   solution to the diffusion equation. This toolbox requires only surface   discretization of the imaging domain as opposed to volume meshing,   geared towards 3D NIR spectroscopy. The software is Matlab-based and   provides a framework for surface meshing, forward model, reconstruction   and data and solution visualization capabilities as well as ability to   run in parallel environments using OpenMP standard. This was validated   in simulations, experiments and applied to in-vivo clinical data and was   made open-source for the near infrared imaging community.",10.1117/12.891276
1322,InProceedings,Building Knowledge in Open Source Software Research in Six Years of   Conferences,"Since its origins, the diffusion of the OSS phenomenon and the   information about it has been entrusted to the Internet and its virtual   communities of developers. This public mass of data has attracted the   interest of researchers and practitioners aiming at formalizing it into   a body of knowledge. To this aim, in 2005, a new series of conferences   on OSS started to collect and convey OSS knowledge to the research and   industrial community. Our work mines articles of the OSS conference   series to understand the process of knowledge grounding and the   community surrounding it. As such, we propose a semi-automated approach   for a systematic mapping study on these articles. We automatically build   a map of cross-citations among all the papers of the conferences and   then we manually inspect the resulting clusters to identify knowledge   building blocks and their mutual relationships. We found that   industry-related, quality assurance, and empirical studies often   originate or maintain new streams of research.",NA
1323,Article,Challenging Code: A Sociological Reading of the KDE Free Software   Project,"Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) challenges the norms and   relations of the capitalist software industry that is at the core of   network society. Many people involved in FLOSS see themselves as   activists in a new social movement. The article discusses the KDE (Kool   Desktop Environment) project as a FLOSS case study. KDE is one of   several projects intended to bring ease of use of a graphical user   interface (GUI) to various free operating systems. (The operating system   is the underlying software on top of which sit applications we use   directly such as web browsers or word processors.) The article considers   the KDE project from three broad perspectives - `cosmological',   technical, and organizational - in order to examine the expressed   world-view and technical organization of the project through an   established sociological approach to activism and social movements.",10.1177/0038038511399620
1328,Article,"ChemT, an open-source software for building template-based chemical   libraries","In computational chemistry, vast quantities of compounds are generated,   and there is a need for cheminformatic tools to efficiently build   chemical compound libraries. Several software tools for drawing and   editing compound structures are available, but they lack options for   automatic generation of chemical libraries. We have implemented ChemT,   an easy-to-use open-source software tool that automates the process of   preparing custom-made template-based chemical libraries. ChemT   automatically generates three-dimensional chemical libraries by   inputting a chemical template and the functional groups of interest. The   graphical user interface of ChemT is self-explanatory, and a complete   tutorial is provided. Several file formats are accepted by ChemT, and it   is possible to filter the generated compounds according to different   physicochemical properties. The compounds can be subject to force field   minimization, and the resulting three-dimensional structures recorded on   commonly used file formats. ChemT may be a valuable tool for   investigators interested in using in silico virtual screening tools,   such as quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling or   molecular docking, in order to prioritize compounds for further chemical   synthesis. To demonstrate the usefulness of ChemT, we describe an   example based on a thieno{[}3,2-b] pyridine template. ChemT is available   free of charge from our website at http://www.esa.ipb.pt/similar to   ruiabreu/chemt.",10.1080/1062936X.2011.604097
1329,InProceedings,Coping with Duplicate Bug Reports in Free/Open Source Software Projects,"Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) communities often use open bug   reporting to allow users to participate by reporting bugs. This practice   can lead to more duplicate reports, as users can be less rigorous about   researching existing bug reports. This paper examines how FOSS projects   deal with duplicate bug reports. We examined 12 FOSS projects: 4 small,   4 medium and 4 large, where size was determined by number of code   contributors. First, we found that contrary to what has been reported   from studies of individual large projects like Mozilla and Eclipse,   duplicate bug reports are a problem for FOSS projects, especially   medium-sized, which struggle with a large number of submissions without   the resources of large projects. Second, we found that the focus of a   project does not affect the number of duplicate bug reports. Our   findings indicate a need for additional scaffolding and training for bug   reporters.",NA
1330,InProceedings,"Debian: 18 years of free software, do-ocracy, and democracy","Debian is one of the eldest Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) distribution in existence. The project has been founded in 1993 to further Free Software distribution and is still doing so in an purely community-based way. The Debian Project and distribution are both made by volunteers who employ a dual ""do-ocratic"" (a form of meritocracy based on the outcome of individual work) and democratic model to make decisions and drive Debian toward the goal of creating the best possible entirely Free Software operating system. The uniqueness of Debian is manifest in its Free Software values, independence from commercial interests, and in its importance as the basis of a huge ecosystem of several hundreds derived distributions, which includes today's most popular GNU/Linux distributions.In this talk I will present the Debian Project and distribution, discuss its unique traits, as well as outline the communication challenges that a distribution entirely based on ""geek"" communities has to face...",10.1145/2016716.2016740
1331,Article,Design method of Open Source Software,"Free/Open Source software is a kind of software whose source code is   available for comprehension, modification and re-distribution. This kind   of software has increased in popularity in recent years and becoming an   interesting topic for research. Most Free/Open Source software is   produced through the facilitation of Free/Open Source Hosting (FOSPHost)   sites and investigations into these sites may yield results that have   theoretical and practical significance. Open source software is becoming   the most interesting `new' phenomenon of the entire information   technology landscape, generating a level of interest similar to that of   the first moments of the Internet The study of the possibilities and   limits of open source software at the enterprise is the main concern.   The research work analyzes the history of the open source movement,   describes the open source community and collaboration model, analyzes   the open source development process, describes business models based on   open source software, analyzes possible cost savings and presents case   studies of popular open source projects. Recommendations are presented,   how companies and organizations might benefit from open source software   and in which cases it should be avoided, because the hidden costs will   not pay off the license costs savings. The impact of open source   technology is expected to be quite noticeable in the software industry,   and in society as a whole. It allows for novel development models, which   have already been demonstrated to be especially well suited to   efficiently take advantage of the work of developers spread across all   corners of the planet.",NA
1332,Article,Developer {Heterogeneity} and {Formation} of {Communication} {Networks} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {JMIS},"Over the past few years, open source software (OSS) development has gained a huge popularity and has attracted a large variety of developers. According to software engineering folklore, the architecture and the organization of software depend on the communication patterns of the contributors. Communication patterns among developers influence knowledge sharing among them. Unlike in a formal organization, the communication network structures in an OSS project evolve unrestricted and unplanned. We develop a non-cooperative game-theoretic model to investigate the network formation in an OSS team and to characterize the stable and efficient structures. Developer heterogeneity in the network is incorporated based on their informative value. We find that there may exist several stable structures that are inefficient and there may not always exist a stable structure that is efficient. The tension between the stability and efficiency of structures results from developers acting in their self-interest rather than the group interest. Whenever there is such tension, the stable structure is either underconnected across types or overconnected within type of developers from an efficiency perspective. We further discuss how an administrator can help evolve a stable network into an efficient one. Empirically, we use the latent class model and analyze two real-world OSS projects hosted at SourceForge. For each project, different types of developers and a stable structure are identified, which fits well with the predictions of our model. Overall, our study sheds light on how developer abilities and incentives affect communication network formation in OSS projects. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1333,Article,Differentiating factors between Free Software ERP (FSw ERP) and owner   ERP,"Currently, information systems are a key factor in business development   and competitiveness. Probably, within information systems, ERP's are   those with a greatest impact on business management. In their continuous   evolution, Free Software arises as a new trend. However, there are no   vir tually studies focusing on free software ERP and its differences   with owner software ERP. The aim of this paper is to define and discuss   the main differential factors between free software ERP's (FSw ERP's)   and owner ERP's.",NA
1334,Article,Digital Exhibition and reuse : implementation of free software for   publishing structured Omeka,"This paper contextualizes digital exhibitions under digital   dissemination of museum collections and heritage, presenting the   functionalities of open software Omeka for specialized management of   this type of content, through an agile combination of a digital   collection manager connected to a exhibitions generator. System uses   normalized metadata and applies OAI-PMH, so that allows reuse and   content distribution in the Web. Also is analyzed the advantages of   software as a service (SaaS) for Omeka Net.",10.5557/IIME12-N2-029046
1335,InProceedings,"Digital Social Media in a Free Software Project: Community, Identity and   Trust Building",NA,NA
1336,Article,Dual licensing in open source software markets,"In this paper we present a theoretical model to study the   characteristics and the commercial sustainability of dual licensing, an   open source (OS) business strategy that has gained popularity among   software vendors. With dual licensing, a firm releases the same software   product under both a traditional proprietary license and an open source   one. We show that the decision to employ a dual licensing strategy   occurs whenever the feedbacks of the open source community are valuable   enough compared to the quality of the software that the firm is able to   develop in-house. Our analysis points to the central role of an   appropriate managing of OS licenses in order to balance the pros and   cons of ``going open source{''} and to make this versioning strategy   viable for software vendors; our analysis also suggests a possible   explanation for the observed proliferation of open source licenses. (C)   2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoecopol.2011.07.001
1339,InProceedings,Evaluating Conservation Voltage Reduction: An Application of GridLAB-D:   an Open Source Software Package,"Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is the reduction of energy   consumption resulting from a reduction of the service voltage. While   there have been numerous CVR deployments in North America, there has   been little substantive analytic analysis of the effect; the majority of   the published results are based on empirical field measurements. Due to   the lack of analytic study, it is difficult to determine the impacts of   CVR outside of sites that have conducted demonstration projects. This   panel paper will examine a framework for the analysis of CVR using the   open source software package GridLAB-D. An open source simulation   environment is used to highlight the effectiveness of open source   software programs and their ability to be used for evaluating   multi-disciplinary smart grid technologies.",10.1109/PES.2011.6039467
1340,Article,Exploring the Interplay Between FLOSS Adoption and Organizational   Innovation,"Growing research on Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) has   addressed a variety of questions focusing on aspects ranging from open   source development processes and developer motivation, to economic and   policy-making implications. Nevertheless, a few authors have examined   the adoption of FLOSS and its impact on organizational change and   innovation. Adoption studies represent a particularly promising area for   information system researchers to investigate the relationship between   the specific properties of FLOSS and the processes of implementation and   use. The goal of this article is to contribute to this field of research   by discussing a former multi-targeted research agenda and by defining an   empirically grounded framework for studying FLOSS adoption, drawing on   the outcomes of an exploratory multiple case study involving sixteen   Italian public administrations.",10.17705/1CAIS.02915
1342,InProceedings,Exposing Differences of Governance Approaches in Single and Multi Vendor   Open Source Software Development,"Research confirms that commercial OSS exists in many different ways   according to its revenue model, type of license, development style,   number of participating firms, number of participating volunteers or   governance mode. In order to differentiate between an increasing variety   of commercialization approaches, one may distinguish between projects   with one dominating company, so called single vendor projects and those   where more than one company is active, so called multi vendor projects.   Furthermore, in order to structure different approaches, a project's   history is equally of importance in terms of whether a project was   initiated by a firm or a community. In this paper, we therefore analyze   and compare single and multi vendor as well as firm initiated and   community initiated OSS projects with regard to technical contribution   of voluntary and paid project members. Based on a dataset build upon   Eclipse projects we expose, that the number of paid members is   significantly higher in firm initiated and multi vendor projects.",NA
1343,Article,"FLOSS FIRMS, USERS AND COMMUNITIES: A VIABLE MATCH?",NA,10.3917/jie.007.0031
1344,InProceedings,FOSS as a Tool for Development: The Kerala Experience,"The mainstreaming of Free and Open Source Software(FOSS) has been one of the most visible changes inthe domain of software in the last decade. Starting out as arallying point for techno-activists, FOSS is today a valued optionsupported by Governments, Businesses as well as the civil societyin most parts of the word. The State of Kerala in southernIndia, already quite unique on a variety of social, democratic andpolitical indicators, was the first to adopt FOSS as an instrumentof State policy in 2001. As it celebrates a decade of FOSS in 2011,Kerala demonstrates the remarkable transition of FOSS into acost-effective, pragmatic, and technologically sound strategy thatsimultaneously upholds the principles of freedom and democracy.Given that software is set to permeate most aspects of humanendeavor, the use of FOSS is an example for a highly sustainable -- socially, politically and technologically -- model of use of ICTs forhumanity.",10.1109/GHTC.2011.82
1346,Article,Farmers benefit from {Open} {Source} {Software},"Open source (meaning the source is publicly available for free) software is helping organisations reach small farmers and rural communities. NGOs can do this at low cost, on a large scale, and without an Internet connection. More people in the developing world have access to their cell phones than to the Internet, making cell phones an important information tool. Created to help NGOs working in developing countries, FrontlineSMS enables users to send out and collect messages to and from groups of people, using only a laptop with a cell phone plugged in. Organisations can use this software not only to get in touch with people in need in places without Internet access, but also to take surveys, hold competitions, coordinate with other staff members, and run campaigns.",NA
1347,Article,"FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and   Invasive Electrophysiological Data","This paper describes FieldTrip, an open source software package that we   developed for the analysis of MEG, EEG, and other electrophysiological   data. The software is implemented as a MATLAB toolbox and includes a   complete set of consistent and user-friendly high-level functions that   allow experimental neuroscientists to analyze experimental data. It   includes algorithms for simple and advanced analysis, such as   time-frequency analysis using multitapers, source reconstruction using   dipoles, distributed sources and beamformers, connectivity analysis, and   nonparametric statistical permutation tests at the channel and source   level. The implementation as toolbox allows the user to perform   elaborate and structured analyses of large data sets using the MATLAB   command line and batch scripting. Furthermore, users and developers can   easily extend the functionality and implement new algorithms. The   modular design facilitates the reuse in other software packages.",10.1155/2011/156869
1348,Article,Firms as Incubators of Open-Source Software,"Many successful open-source projects have been developed by programmers   who were employed by firms but worked on open-source projects on the   side because of economic incentives like career improvement benefits.   Such side work may be a good thing for the employing firms, too, if they   get some strategic value from the open-source software and if the   productivity of the programmers on these projects improves through   learning-by-doing effects. However, the programmers may work more or   less on these projects than what is best for the firms. To manage the   programmers' efforts, the firms set appropriate employment policies and   incentives. These policies and career concerns then together govern the   programmers' effort allocation between the open-source and proprietary   projects. We examine this relationship using a variant of the   principal/agent model. We derive and characterize optimal employment   contracts and show that firms either offer a bonus for only one of the   two projects or do not offer any bonuses. However, if attractive   alternate employment opportunities are available, they change their   strategy and may offer bonuses for both projects simultaneously.",10.1287/isre.1090.0276
1352,Article,Five {Facts} on the {Adoption} of {Open} {Source} {Software},The first comprehensive survey of the various ways organizations adopt open source software (OSS) yields six categories and five facts for organizations to consider in deciding how to evaluate OSS options for their business needs. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT],10.1109/MS.2011.32
1353,Article,Foresighting FLOSS (free/libre/open source software) from a developing   country perspective: The case of Turkey,"Since free/libre open source software (FLOSS) promotes collaboration and   contributions from different parties in software production and   innovation processes, it can create a unique opportunity for developing   countries, by generating an innovative capability in software   technology. To benefit from this opportunity, it is important to   understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the   development of an efficient FLOSS economy in developing countries.   This paper aims to examine the strategic factors and future trends that   are likely to affect the development and deployment of FLOSS in Turkey.   Based on the internal and external factors identified through the   practice of technological foresight, a SWOT analysis will be carried out   to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for   Turkey in creating a competitive software industry that can benefit from   the advantages of FLOSS. Accordingly, with regard to the required   technical infrastructure, an innovative/competitive business climate,   skilled human resources and support for institutional structures, policy   suggestions are outlined here that could be usefully implemented by   government, industry and universities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.technovation.2011.07.004
1355,InCollection,Free \\& Open Source Software for Microfinance: Increasing Efficiency and   Extending Benefits to the Poor,"In this chapter we investigate the potential of open source software to   increase the impact of microfinance (MF) especially for the very poor.   We argue that especially small and medium organizations play a crucial   role, because they are more flexible in operations and familiar with the   local context. We consider how new information and communication   technology (ICT) can increase outreach of MF to the very poor within a   self-sustainable holistic approach. We consider the potential of   free/open source software projects to address the computing needs of   small and remote MFIs, and we describe the reasons why no suitable   solutions have emerged yet. While the use of FOSS and ICTs in general   can help increase outreach, we feel the need to draw attention to the   challenges that come with it; one should not forget that access to basic   financial services is not all that is needed by the very poor.",10.4018/978-1-61520-993-4.ch002
1357,InProceedings,Free and Open Source Software Development and Research: Opportunities for Software Engineering,"Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities have produced a large amount of valuable software that is directly or indirectly used daily by any person with access to a computer. The field of Software Engineering studies processes, mechanisms, tools, and frameworks for the development of software artifacts. Historically, however, most of Software Engineering research and education does not benefit from the large and rich source of data and experimental testbeds offered by FLOSS projects and their hundreds of millions of lines of working code. In this paper, we discuss how Software Engineering research and education can greatly benefit from the wealth of information available in the FLOSS ecosystem. We then evaluate how FLOSS has been used, up to now, by papers published in the Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering. Finally, we present an agenda for the future, proposing concrete ways to exploit the synergies between research and education in Software Engineering and FLOSS projects.",10.1109/SBES.2011.19
1358,InProceedings,Free and Open Source Software for Public Sector Enterprise Applications   in Sri Lanka,"This paper describes a study done on the use of Free and Open Source   Software ( FOSS) for enterprise applications of the public sector in Sri   Lanka. The study investigates factors that affect the selection of   software for public sector information systems with, an emphasis on how   Free and Open Source Software ( FOSS) is used and could be used in such   projects. The objectives of the study are as follows. The study aims to   identify factors that affect the adoption of Software in Sri Lankan   government sector projects. In addition to this it identifies features   that are considered as important in such large Information Systems, and   how they relate to Open Source Software adoption in the context of the   public sector in Sri Lanka. The findings are analyzed and suitable   recommendations are presented for better selection of software in the   public sector. The work is important as it identifies and highlights   factors that affect the choice of software in the public sector. This is   important for several categories of people. It is of importance to the   strategic management and policy makers to know what drives the   information system procurement decisions in order to make more relevant   policies and guidelines that are congruent with the needs in government   sector departments. It is useful when advocating new technologies and   information systems. This is especially true when advocating the use of   Free and Open Source software for the use in the public sector in a   wholesome and sustainable manner. The research is also important to   software vendors and solution providers to the public sector in   identifying what factors need to be taken in to account when bidding for   public sector IS projects. The research is of a qualitative nature. It   consists of multiple case studies of selected government sector   departments and projects in Sri Lanka. The study investigates   information systems developed by internal staff, developed by external   consultants, procured systems, system implementation via private public   partnerships (PPP) and projects guided by the Information and   Communication Technology Agency (ICTA) of Sri Lanka. Data was gathered   through interviews of staff at different levels of selected government   sector Information Systems projects. The data was comparatively analyzed   on a case by case basis to identify common patterns and trends among the   investigated organizations and projects. The identified factors   affecting the choice of software include the cost, technical   specifications, bidder's expertise in selected technology and user's   expertise in selected technology amongst other factors described in the   full paper. The study identifies patterns between the choice of software   - FOSS or non FOSS, and these identified factors. Based on these,   recommendations are given to adopt and benefit from the use of FOSS in   public sector enterprise level software projects.",NA
1360,InProceedings,Free and open source software in computing education,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) exemplifies the merit and successes of open content, understood broadly as creative work that explicitly allows sharing and further changes by anyone, whether an individual or organization. Although the benefits of improving computing education with open source practices are largely acknowledged, transforming teaching to create effective learning environments has many challenges. The panelists will bring different perspectives on teaching strategies and curricular content they have used in their classrooms. These perspectives will exemplify key issues with FOSS-based education and FOSS-based IT systems. The developer and user communities established around FOSS-based IT systems are of particular interest to the IT discipline because of its focus on user centeredness and advocacy for advancing professional practices in authentic environments.",10.1145/2047594.2047606
1362,Article,Free software and the economics of information justice,"Claims about the potential of free software to reform the production and   distribution of software are routinely countered by skepticism that the   free software community fails to engage the pragmatic and economic   `realities' of a software industry. We argue to the contrary that   contemporary business and economic trends definitively demonstrate the   financial viability of an economy based on free software. But the   argument for free software derives its true normative weight from social   justice considerations: the evaluation of the basis for a software   economy should be guided by consideration of the social and cultural   states which are the ultimate goals of any economic arrangement. That   is, the software economy should be evaluated in light of its ability to   provide justice. We conclude with a discussion of possible avenues for   reform.",10.1007/s10676-010-9226-6
1364,Article,Free software development in civil engineering and an application for   the design of industrial sheds,"Structural analysis and computer science are central subjects in the   (higher) education of civil engineers. Universities can focus the   potential and motivation of students to generate free dynamically   growing software. Our alliance of education and research has the aim to   design simple industrial buildings continuously in an optimal way. The   intended software accounts for complex interrelations of the structural   components as well as for mathematical optimization schemes. However, we   emphasize the importance of an easy access to the code and the   possibility to implement individual ideas. The claims and basic   conditions demand a strategy, which is different to the software   development of commercially used products. Due to the steady fluctuation   of the software developers merely temporary teams and an unforced   community of users result. Their feedback and loyalty to the software   project are mainly based on individual benefit but may also be motivated   by idealism. From our point of view, civil engineering has a broad base   to use software development as an interface between education and   profession. We discuss our experience for such a project and about an   experiment to benefit from building up a social network in this context.   In the second part of our article we present practical statements for   the optimized design of industrial sheds using this software.",NA
1365,Article,Free software localization within translation companies,"The localization of free software is a task we have to tackle within all   the translation companies. When planning a localization project, we have   to take into account many factors, such as: the technological electives,   formats, relationships with the community, professional profiles and the   feasibility of the projects.",NA
1366,Article,"Free, Open Source Software Advocacy as a Social Justice Movement: The   Expansion of F/OSS Movement Discourse in the 21st Century","This article argues that the rhetorical discourse found among free, open   source software (F/OSS) movements is being expanded beyond the   traditional constituency of software hackers to encompass a larger group   of non-expert users and other advocacy organizations. In so doing, the   initial goals of free software advocates are being dramatically expanded   to include broader aims of digital freedom and social justice. Utilizing   the concept of social movements from political sociology, this article   first outlines the key aims and discourses surrounding the free software   movement by discussing the emergence and development of F/OSS efforts   such as the GNU/Linux operating system and the GNU Public License (GPL).   Second, I provide examples of how the free software discourses have been   adopted, altered, and expanded by a number of organized groups over the   past decade. These groups, such as the Creative Commons, digital privacy   advocates, and global development agencies, have adopted some of the   core concepts of free software, while greatly expanding their meaning   and purpose to suit their own advocacy aims. Finally, I argue that the   adoption of free software discourse among these newer groups is also   having a recursive effect upon the free software movement by encouraging   free software advocates to conceptualize F/OSS as part of a broader   movement of digital rights and social justice. In the conclusion, the   prospects for the emergence of a larger technological and cultural   freedom movement in the future are assessed.",10.1080/19331681.2011.592080
1367,InProceedings,Geospatial Virtual Appliances Using Open Source Software,"The hype on the Cloud is based on promising cost savings if, considering   the new service platform concepts (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) the term comes   with, IT resources will be used effectively. Therefore, the trend is   moving away from physical systems to more instant and short-term   environments and virtualization is increasingly taking on a key role in   various system architectures. This is already well accepted by a few   business units such as customer relationship management or marketing,   operated from Salesforce.com for instance {[}1]. However, earth   scientific offers featuring specialized functions and services on demand   are still rare but of great benefit in order to overcome the global   changes in environmental conditions. Only one task from the field of   model preprocessing at the DGHM(1) was picked out for virtualization   purposes and the results will be introduced in the following.",NA
1368,InProceedings,How to Involve Students in FOSS Projects,"Software projects are frequently used to provide software engineering   students with an understanding of the complexities of real-world   software development. Free and Open Source Software projects provide a   unique opportunity for student learning as projects are open and   accessible and students are able to interact with an established   professional community. However, many faculty members have little or no   experience participating in an open source software project. In   addition, faculty members may be reluctant to approach student learning   within such a project due to concerns over time requirements, learning   curve, the unpredictability of working with a ``live{''} community, and   more. This paper provides guidance to instructors desiring to involve   students in open source projects.",10.1109/FIE.2011.6142994
1370,Article,IMPLEMENTATION AND CONFIGURATION OF A ROUTER TO INTERCONNECT AN ADVANCED   TECHNOLOGY NETWORK (RITA-UD) AND A METROPOLITAN NETWORK (RUMBO) BY USING   OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE TOGETHER WIITH UIT-T TMN MODEL,"The present document summarizes the most significant results obtained   from the deployment of a router to interconnect an academic LAN with the   node called RUMBO. Open-source software was used on mid-performance   equipment and an adaptation of the UITT TMN model was implemented in   order to manage network resources. The dynamic advantages offered by   open-source software were essential for implementing the network   devices, resulting in the deployment of a low-cost router that supports   features like static and dynamic routing, quality of service policies,   and the IPv6 addressing scheme.",NA
1371,Article,IceLuva: A Scripting Framework for MR Image Reconstruction Based on Free   Software,"Image reconstruction is an essential part of the magnetic resonance   imaging process, and a whole field of research is dedicated to the   development of reconstruction algorithms. For this reason, scanner   manufacturers provide researchers with programming frameworks that give   full control over the whole procedure. The drawback is that these   environments are complex, and the code is non-portable and covered by   non-disclosure agreements. In this article, a simplified framework based   on a free scripting language (Lua) is presented. It is oriented to the   development of postprocessing algorithms that are seamlessly integrated   with the pipeline of a commercial scanner. The structure privileges   simplicity over performance, to be quickly learned and used by   researchers and students who might not be acquainted with low-level   programming languages. Common postprocessing algorithms (contrast   modulation, pixelwise fitting, phase-contrast imaging) could be   implemented with similar to 100 logical lines of code or less, using a   syntax that is similar to the Matlab programming language. The average   performance of the reconstruction was lower with respect to the native   implementation, but superior to offline postprocessing on a desktop   computer, without the bottleneck of offline data export. (C) 2011 Wiley   Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering)   39B: 1-10, 2011",10.1002/cmr.b.20184
1372,InProceedings,Impact of Stakeholder Type and Collaboration on Issue Resolution Time in   OSS Projects,"Initialized by a collective contribution of volunteer developers, Open   source software (OSS) attracts an increasing involvement of commercial   firms. Many OSS projects are composed of a mix group of firm-paid and   volunteer developers, with different motivations, collaboration   practices and working styles. As OSS development consists of   collaborative works in nature, it is important to know whether these   differences have an impact on collaboration between difference types of   stakeholders, which lead to an influence in the project outcomes. In   this paper, we empirically investigate the firm-paid participation in   resolving OSS evolution issues, the stakeholder collaboration and its   impact on OSS issue resolution time. The results suggest that though a   firm-paid assigned developer resolves much more issues than a volunteer   developer does, there is no difference in issue resolution time between   them. Besides, the more important factor that influences the issue   resolution time comes from the collaboration among stakeholders rather   than from individual characteristics.",NA
1373,InProceedings,Improving Open Source Software Patch Contribution Process: Methods and   Tools,"The patch contribution process (PCP) is very important to the   sustainability of OSS projects. Nevertheless, there are several issues   on patch contribution in mature OSS projects, which include time   consuming process, lost and ignored patches, slow review process. These   issues are recognized by researchers and OSS projects, but have not been   addressed. In this dissertation, I apply Kanban method to guide process   improvement and tools development to reduce PCP cycle time.",10.1145/1985793.1986018
1375,InProceedings,Intellectual property policy and attractiveness: a longitudinal study of free and open source software projects,This paper reports early findings of a longitudinal study designed to evaluate the impact of changes in the intellectual property policy of 756 free and open source projects on their attractiveness over 44 months.,10.1145/1958824.1958950
1376,InProceedings,Intentions to Adopt Open Source Software ERP Systems - A Case Study of Four Swedish Municipalities,"Theoretically, open source software (OSS) seems perfect for public information systems development due to the public sectors' often scarce budget. Espe-cially interesting are information systems (IS) with a large number of users such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems where the license fees for proprietary products are often substantial. Until now however, there are few reports of public organizations actually adopting OSS ERP systems. This study aims to use case study research to increase the understanding of the public sectors' low adoption rate and the factors that impact the intentions to adopt an OSS ERP system. The results indicate that the system's functionality is essential; OSS ERP systems are not perceived as fully developed for large organizations such as municipalities. Neither is the OSS consultancy market considered mature enough. OSS ERP systems are therefore not seen as a realistic alternative to proprietary ERP systems in the studied organ-izations.",10.1109/HICSS.2011.247
1377,InProceedings,"Interlegis program in Brazil: use of web 2.0, collaborative tools and free software in legislative power","Since the 80's, education (training, education and training per se) in the legislative context meant the employee training standards and rules arising from the specific laws of ""home"" legislation. Analogous to the process of structural changes in economy and politics in the late 80's, Brazil also promoted the modernization of their legislative houses. Through funding from the Interamerican Development Bank, it was possible to promote the program InterLegis. The objective of this program was the modernization and integration of the Legislature in its federal, state and municipal levels and promoting greater transparency and interaction with society that Power. Soon became apparent that the model open, collaborative and open management of knowledge and information InterLegis was an innovative model, but above all, there were still limits and challenges to the Legislature and can education and development of officials and parliamentarians of the Legislative Houses. This article will seek to identify the limits and challenges of improving this innovative model of using free software and web-based collaborative environment and information and communication technologies. Methodologically this article is structured from a previous exploratory research, checking conditions and models of InterLegis, besides the participation of the authors within the mailing lists and use of information packets and applications available on the web environment of the program. It was performed an exploratory research the topic of collaborative scientific production, electronic government and electronic governance and the use of free software by government, where they found several articles and texts. As a further step was made a theoretical framework on these themes that helped formulate the analysis of the limits and challenges of the open model, collaborative and open management of knowledge and information InterLegis.",10.1145/2072069.2072145
1378,Article,Introducing {Usability} {Activities} into {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development} {Projects}-{Searching} for a {Suitable} {Approach},"Usability is an important quality characteristic of software products and systems. Different approaches for introducing usability activities into SW development have not yet been evaluated with respect to open source software (OSS). This paper tests the introduction of usability activities through four empirical case studies in the OSS development context. Case studies were carried out using four OSS projects that were not commercially supported. Empirical analysis suggests that usability specialists should become members of the OSS community, but, at the same time, should keep an objective view. The usability activities had substantially more impact when specialists introduced and carried them out as fellow members of the OSS community than as usability consultants from outside the community. The importance of management commitment for usability activities is discussed in the OSS context. The challenge of adapting usability and OSS development philosophies together should be researched further. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1379,InProceedings,Investigating the Use of Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Open-Source   Software: A Case Study,"During the last decade open source software communities are thriving.   Nowadays, several open source projects are so popular that are   considered as a standard in their domain. Additionally, the amount of   source code that is freely available to developers, offer great reuse   opportunities. One of the main concerns of the reuser is the quality of   the code that is being reused. Design patterns are well known solutions   that are expected to enhance software quality. In this paper we   investigate the extent to which object-oriented design patterns are used   in open-source software, across domains.",NA
1380,InProceedings,Joining Free/Open Source Software Communities: An Analysis of Newbies' First Interactions on Project Mailing Lists,"Free/Open source software (FOSS) is an important part of the IT ecosystem. Due to the voluntary nature of participation, continual recruitment is key to the growth and sustainability of these communities. It is therefore important to understand how and why potential contributors fail in the process of transitioning from user to contributor. Most newcomers, or ""newbies"", have their first interaction with a community through a mailing list. To understand how this first contact influences future interactions, we studied eight mailing lists across four FOSS projects: MediaWiki, GIMP, PostgreSQL, and Subversion. We analyzed discussions initiated by newbies to determine the effect of gender, nationality, politeness, helpfulness and timeliness of response. We found that nearly 80% of newbie posts received replies, and that receiving timely responses, especially within 48 hours, was positively correlated with future participation. We also found that while the majority of interactions were positive, 1.5% of responses were rude or hostile.",10.1109/HICSS.2011.264
1382,Article,KPSS 10 Score Prediction Power of Bachelor Graduation Mark and OSS Score,"The aim of this study is to find whether Student Selection Exam (OSS)   and Bachelor Graduation Mark Average (LMNO) are meaningful predictors   for the success of Public Personnel Selection Examination 10 (KPSS 10)   and the subtests which are basis in the measurement of this score. Data   was obtained by 454 pre-service teachers who are graduates of six   different programs of Erzincan University Faculty of Education in the   academic year of 2008-2009 and who took KPSS examination. OSS score and   Bachelor Graduation Mark Average (LMNO) of pre-service teachers were   obtained from faculty registration, KPSS data were obtained from OSYM   registration. Multilinear regression analysis was done in order to   answer the research results. According to research results; it was found   that OSS mark and LMNO are meaningful predictors of KPSS 10 score and   subtest scores.",NA
1383,InProceedings,KommGame: A Reputation Environment for Teaching Open Source Software,"The importance of teaching open source software in universities is   increasing with the advent of open source as a development and business   model. A novel, student centric approach of teaching open source was   tried out at Tampere University of Technology where a new environment   called KommGame was introduced to assist in teaching open source   development. This environment includes a reputation system to motivate   learners to participate. In this paper, we present our approach of   teaching open source and how the KommGame environment was employed to   teach open source software.",NA
1384,Article,Legal Applications Derived from the Incorporation of Free Software in   the Public Functions of Registries and Notaries,"Since the 2000 Constitution entered into force, achieving technological   autonomy and independence has been pursued in Venezuela in order to   contribute to the economic, social and political development of the   country. Thus, the obligatory use of free software in public   administration was ordained to promote the opportune and efficient   rendering of public services, since this technology is included as an   instrument for the above-mentioned tasks. For example, the Ministry of   Popular Power for Internal Relations and Justice, through the Autonomous   Service of Registries and Notaries and the emission of decrees and laws   that govern the corresponding competence, such as Presidential Decree   3.390 (Presidency of the Republic, 2004), has implemented modernization   through the automation of registry and notary processes by employing   electronic means in which free software has a place. Interest has arisen   in establishing an effective legal application for the public function   developed by Registries and Notaries by implementing such an IT   migration. Research of the documentary type with a bibliographical   design was adopted using the documentary observation method based on the   Law of Public Registry and Notary (National Assembly, 2006) and the   Organic Law of Civil Registry (National Assembly, 2009), that regulate   registry and notary matters in Venezuela, making it possible to obtain   results through a legal hermeneutic applicable in the method of dogmatic   juridical analysis, concluding with knowledge of the legal effects that   determined the essentialness of concrete actions to use this type of   software, according to precepts applicable to the specified public   function.",NA
1385,InProceedings,Lessons from Volunteering and Free/Libre Open Source Software   Development for the Future of Work,"In this paper, we review research on voluntary organizations to identify   key features of and problems in volunteer work and organizations. We   then use the example of free/libre open source software (FLOSS)   development teams to examine how those features and problems apply in   this situation and how they might be affected by the use of information   and communications technologies (ICT). We suggest that understanding   volunteer organizations can illuminate the changing nature of all   knowledge work, paid as well as unpaid.",NA
1386,InProceedings,License Update and Migration Processes in Open Source Software Projects,"Open source software (OSS) has increasingly been the subject of research   efforts. Central to this focus is the nature under which the software   can be distributed, used, and modified and the causes and consequent   effects on software development, usage, and distribution. At present, we   have little understanding of, what happens when these licenses change,   what motivates such changes, and how new licenses are created, updated,   and deployed. Similarly, little attention has been paid to the   agreements under which contributions are made to OSS projects and the   impacts of changes to these agreements. We might also ask these same   questions regarding the licenses governing how individuals and groups   contribute to OSS projects. This paper focuses on addressing these   questions with case studies of processes by which the Apache Software   Foundation's creation and migration to Version 2.0 of the Apache   Software License and the NetBeans project's migration to the Joint   Licensing Agreement.",NA
1387,Article,Matching {Open} {Source} {Software} {Licenses} with {Corresponding} {Business} {Models},"Scores of software producers have turned toward open source licenses to improve service for their customers. For these companies, choosing the correct license determines business success. When the available open source stack and licensing options grow, so does the need to understand the interplay among licensing, sourcing decisions, and business goals. A model of license choice emphasizes different licenses and rationalizes the choice of an open source software (OSS) license. This is crucial for smaller companies and start-ups that don't have the tools and knowledge to perform a thorough investigation of all the consequences of their license choice every time they employ OSS. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MS.2011.50
1388,InProceedings,Measuring the Effectiveness of the Defect-Fixing Process in Open Source Software Projects,"The defect-fixing process is a key process in which an open source software (OSS) project team responds to customer needs in terms of detecting and resolving software defects, hence the dimension of defect-fixing effectiveness corresponds nicely to adopters' concerns regarding OSS products. Although researchers have been studying the defect fixing process in OSS projects for almost a decade, the literature still lacks rigorous ways to measure the effectiveness of this process. Thus, this paper aims to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure the defect-fixing effectiveness construct in an open source environment through the scale development methodology proposed by Churchill [4]. This paper examines the validity and reliability of an initial list of indicators through two rounds of data collection and analysis. Finally four indicators are suggested to measure defect-fixing effectiveness. The implication for practitioners is explained through a hypothetical example followed by implications for the research community.",10.1109/HICSS.2011.305
1389,Article,Modularity Index Metrics for Java-Based Open Source Software Projects,"Open Source Software (OSS) Projects are gaining popularity these days,   and they become alternatives in building software system. Despite many   failures in these projects, there are some success stories with one of   the identified success factors is modularity. This paper presents the   first quantitative software metrics to measure modularity level of   Java-based OSS Projects called Modularity Index. This software metrics   is formulated by analyzing modularity traits such as size, complexity,   cohesion, and coupling of 59 Java-based OSS Projects from sourceforge.   net using SONAR tool. These OSS Projects are selected since they have   been downloaded more than 100K times and believed to have the required   modularity trait to be successful. The software metrics related to   modularity in class, package and system level of these projects are   extracted and analyzed. The similarities found are then analyzed to   determine the class quality, package quality, and then combined with   system architecture measure to formulate the Modularity Index. The case   study of measuring Modularity Index during the evolution of JFreeChart   project has shown that this software metrics is able to identify   strengths and potential problems of the project.",NA
1391,Article,Multimedia Chinese teaching and research: The Scratch free software for   creative design courseware,"Based on ``learner-centered{''} design principle, to produce meaningful   learning courseware, this study based on information (visual / images,   and auditory /language) dual-coded processing theory, cognitive   processes through the study, the information organized into a coherent   verbal representation, into the foreign language multimedia courseware   design. Scratch free software build using adaptive teaching content, to   learn the operation of logical thinking and the rich, the teaching   Chinese as a second language (TCSL) courseware designed to enhance the   level from Work Hard to Think Hard mode.",NA
1392,InProceedings,Network analysis of OSS evolution: an empirical study on ArgoUML project,"While complexity is an essential problem inherent in software system and its development, OSS (Open-Source Software) is not an exception and is not immune to this problem as well. The fast growth of OSS movement has impressed us with reduced cost but high quality software. To learn some lessons from successful OSS in handling the complexity, social network analysis is prevalent in analyzing both human-aspect and source-code-aspect interaction of OSS. This paper conducted an empirical study of an OSS project-ArgoUML. Unlike most previous studies regarding OSS email archives as a whole social network, our focus is on the quantitative analysis of a series of social networks produced in the process of OSS version evolution and module development.Through the empirical study, we have found that all the social network measures employed in this study are comparable to identify core developers of ArgoUML project. The frequency of co-occurrence of developers within the same topic is not a decisive factor to identify core developers. Developers within the same module communicate closely and frequently with each other. The more modules a developer developed, the more communication he (or she) will have with other developers. Although participants of developers' mailing lists are fluctuating in a large magnitude, the committers of the source code are kept stable in each version evolution. Moreover, the variation of committers of source code in version evolutions is almost unpredictable based on the variation of participants in developers' mailing lists.",10.1145/2024445.2024459
1393,Article,"OPEN INNOVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: CASE STUDIES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY,   BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT","In the era of open innovation, the capability to conduct collaborative   research and development has become a key indicator of absorptive   capacity and innovation competitiveness. However, the literature   addressing open innovation has a focus on developed economies. New   evidence from the South African National R\\&D Survey, together with   supplementary data, make it possible to gain a greater understanding of   the structure of open innovation in nanotechnology, biotechnology and   open source software in the South African context. Findings from a   comparative analysis include: the identification of   collaboration-intensive R\\&D networks whose structures are influenced by   the characteristics of each technological platform; linkages between   localized innovation networks and global innovation networks; and   distinct patterns of expenditure, sectoral distribution and geographical   location characterizing each of these technologies. The paper concludes   with some suggestions for policy applications for these findings as well   as directions for further research.",NA
1394,Article,"Observation of {Online} {Communities}: {A} {Discussion} of {Online} and {Offline} {Observer} {Roles} in {Studying} {Development}, {Cooperation} and {Coordination} in an {Open} {Source} {Software} {Environment}","Abstract              This paper addresses the application of observation to online settings with a special focus on observer roles. It draws on a study of online observation of a virtual community, i.e. an open source software (OSS) community. The paper examines general and specific advantages and disadvantages of the observer roles in online settings by relating these roles to the same roles assumed in offline settings. The study suggests that under the right circumstances online and offline observation may benefit from being combined as they complement each other well. Quality issues and factors important to elicit trustworthy observational data from online study settings, such as OSS communities, are discussed. A proposition is made concerning how threats to credibility and transferability in relation to online observation (i.e. lack of richness and detail, risk of misunderstandings) can be diminished, while maintaining the level of dependability (which is potentially high due to a greater degree of anonymity and ""isolation"" in online settings). The paper thus suggests that the less participative the researcher's online observer role is, the more s/he should consider introducing offline data collection techniques rather than adopting a more participative role in the observed online setting. This methodological discussion forms the basis for making a well-considered choice of online observer role rather than passively sliding into a role assigned by the setting. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1396,InProceedings,On the Interplay between Structural and Logical Dependencies in Open-Source Software,"Structural dependencies have long been explored in the context of software quality. More recently, software evolution researchers have investigated logical dependencies between artifacts to assess failure-proneness, detect design issues, infer code decay, and predict likely changes. However, the interplay between these two kinds of dependencies is still obscure. By mining 150 thousand commits from the Apache Software Foundation repository and employing object-oriented metrics reference values, we concluded that 91% of all established logical dependencies involve non-structurally related artifacts. Furthermore, we found some evidence that structural dependencies do not lead to logical dependencies in most situations. These results suggest that dependency management methods and tools should rely on both kinds of dependencies, since they represent different dimensions of software evolvability.",10.1109/SBES.2011.39
1397,InProceedings,Open Source Software Development: Communities' Impact on Public Good,"This study examines the innovation output of software development that   produces public goods. We use resource dependence theory and collective   action theory to explain the effects of interconnectedness on open   source software (OSS) communities, and on contributions to public goods.   We empirically test our proposals using an eight-year panel dataset on   OSS projects based on the Eclipse Foundation, and conclude that   interconnectedness negatively affects community mobilization and its   contributions to public goods.",NA
1398,Article,"Open Source Software Production, Spontaneous Input, and Organizational   Learning","This work shows that the modular organization of voluntary open source   software (OSS) production, whereby programmers supply effort of their   accord, capitalizes more on division than on specialization of labor.   This is so because voluntary OSS production is characterized by an   organizational learning process that dominates the individual one.   Organizational learning reveals production choices that would otherwise   remain unknown, thereby increasing productivity and indirectly   reinforcing incentives to undertake collective problem solving.",10.1111/j.1536-7150.2011.00798.x
1399,InProceedings,Open Source Software for Daylighting Analysis of Architectural 3D Models,"This paper examines the viability of using open source software for the   architectural analysis of solar access and over shading of building   projects. For this paper open source software also includes freely   available closed source software. The Computer Aided Design software -   Google SketchUp (Free) while not open source, is included as it is   freely available, though with restricted import and export abilities.   A range of software tools are used to provide an effective procedure to   aid the Architect in understanding the scope of sun penetration and   overshadowing on a site and within a project. The technique can be also   used lighting analysis of both external (to the building) as well as for   internal spaces.   An architectural model built in SketchUp (free) CAD software is exported   in two different forms for the Radiance Lighting Simulation Suite to   provide the lighting analysis. The different exports formats allow the   3D CAD model to be accessed directly via Radiance for full lighting   analysis or via the Blender Animation program for a graphical user   interface limited option analysis. The Blender Modelling Environment for   Architecture (BlendME) add-on exports the model and runs Radiance in the   background.",NA
1400,InProceedings,Open Source Software for Model Driven Development: A Case Study,"Model Driven Development (MDD) is widely used in the embedded systems   domain, and many proprietary and Open Source tools exist that support   MDD. The potential for sustainability of such tools needs to assessed   prior to any organisational adoption. In this paper we report from a   case study conducted in a consultancy company context aiming to   investigate Open Source tools for MDD. For the company it was   interesting to explore the two Open Source modelling tools Topcased and   Papyrus for potential adoption. The focus for our case study is on   assessing the health of the ecosystems for the two investigated Open   Source projects by means of quantitative analysis of publically   available data sources about Open Source projects. The health of   ecosystems is an important prerequisite for a long term sustainable OSS   (Open Source Software) tool-chain in the MDD area, which can aid   strategic decision making for potential adoption within a company   context. We have established details on the extent to which developers   and users are active in two specific OSS ecosystems, and identified   organisational influence for both ecosystems. We find that the   investigated tools are promising regarding the health of their   ecosystems, and a natural next step for the company would be to proceed   with a pilot study in order to analyse the effectiveness of the   investigated tools in company contexts.",NA
1402,Article,Open Source software and social networks: Disruptive alternatives for   medical imaging,"In recent decades several major changes in computer and communication   technology have pushed the limits of imaging informatics and PACS beyond   the traditional system architecture providing new perspectives and   innovative approach to a traditionally conservative medical community.   Disruptive technologies such as the world-wide-web, wireless networking,   Open Source software and recent emergence of cyber communities and   social networks have imposed an accelerated pace and major quantum leaps   in the progress of computer and technology infrastructure applicable to   medical imaging applications.   Methods: This paper reviews the impact and potential benefits of two   major trends in consumer market software development and how they will   influence the future of medical imaging informatics. Open Source   software is emerging as an attractive and cost effective alternative to   traditional commercial software developments and collaborative social   networks provide a new model of communication that is better suited to   the needs of the medical community.   Observations: Evidence shows that successful Open Source software tools   have penetrated the medical market and have proven to be more robust and   cost effective than their commercial counterparts. Developed by   developers that are themselves part of the user community, these tools   are usually better adapted to the user's need and are more robust than   traditional software programs being developed and tested by a large   number of contributing users. This context allows a much faster and more   appropriate development and evolution of the software platforms.   Similarly, communication technology has opened up to the general public   in a way that has changed the social behavior and habits adding a new   dimension to the way people communicate and interact with each other.   The new paradigms have also slowly penetrated the professional market   and ultimately the medical community. Secure social networks allowing   groups of people to easily communicate and exchange information is a new   model that is particularly suitable for some specific groups of   healthcare professional and for physicians. It has also changed the   expectations of how patients wish to communicate with their physicians.   Conclusion: Emerging disruptive technologies and innovative paradigm   such as Open Source software are leading the way to a new generation of   information systems that slowly will change the way physicians and   healthcare providers as well as patients will interact and communicate   in the future. The impact of these new technologies is particularly   effective in image communication, PACS and teleradiology. (C) 2010   Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.05.004
1404,Article,Open Source software in translator's workbench,"The purpose of this article is to transfer a number of experiences of   translation in a professional environment exclusively supported in the   use of free software. To do this, i will refer to the main tools used,   from a practical point of view.",10.5565/rev/tradumatica.7
1406,Article,"Open source software licenses: Strong-copyleft, non-copyleft, or   somewhere in between?","Studies on open source software (OS) have shown that the license under   which an OSS is released has an impact on the success or failure of the   software. In this paper, we model the relationship between an OSS   developer's utility, the effort that goes into developing an OSS, his   attitude towards the freedom to choose an OSS license, and the choice of   OSS license. We find that the larger the effort to develop OSS, the more   is the likelihood that the OSS license would be free from restrictions.   Interestingly, the result holds even when all OSS developers prefer   restrictive licenses or less-restrictive license. The results suggest   that least-restrictive or non-copyleft license will dominate other types   of OSS license when a large effort is required to develop derivative   software. On the other hand, most-restrictive or strong-copyleft   licenses will be the dominant license when minimal effort is required to   develop the original OSS and the derivative software. (C) 2011 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2011.07.004
1408,Article,Open {Source} {Software} for {Workflow} {Management}: {The} {Case} of {YAWL},"YAWL is an open source SOA-based workflow system primarily developed within a university environment. This article discusses the system and its ongoing development, through the prism of meeting the sometimes discordant needs of research and industry user groups, with relatively limited resources. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1412,Article,"Open {Source} {Software}: {A} {Survey} from 10,000 {Feet}","Open source software (oss), the origins of which can be traced back to the 1950s, is software distributed with a license that allows access to its source code, free redistribution, the creation of derived works, and unrestricted use. oss applications cover most areas of consumer and business software and their study touches many disciplines, including computer science, information systems, economics, psychology, and law. Behind a successful oss project lies a community of actors, ranging from core developers to passive users, held together by a flexible governance structure and membership, leadership and contribution policies that align their interests. The motivation behind individuals participating in oss projects can be, among others, social, ideological, hedonistic, or signaling, while companies gain from their access to high-quality, innovative projects and an increase in their reputation and visibility. Nowadays many business models rely on oss as a product through the provision of associated services, or in coexistence with proprietary software, hardware, services, or licensing. The numerous oss licenses mainly differ on how they treat derived software: some contain provisions that maintain its availability in open source form while others allow more flexibility. Through its widespread adoption, oss is affecting the software industry, science, engineering, research, teaching, the developing countries, and the society at large through its ability to democratize technology and innovation.",10.1561/0200000026
1414,InProceedings,Open-Source Software Implications in the Competitive Mobile Platforms   Market,"The era of the PC platform left a legacy of competitive strategies for   the future technologies to follow. However, this notion became more   complicated, once the future grew out to be a present with huge bundle   of innovative technologies, Internet capabilities, communication   possibilities, and ease in life. A major step of moving from a product   phone to a smart phone, eventually to a mobile device has created a new   industry with humongous potential for further developments. The current   mobile platform market is witnessing a platforms-war with big players   such as Apple, Google, Nokia and Microsoft in a major role. An important   aspect of today's mobile platform market is the contributions made   through open source initiatives which promote innovation. This paper   gives an insight into the open-source software strategies of the leading   players and its implications on the market. It first gives a precise   overview of the past leading to the current mobile platform market share   state. Then it briefs about the open-source software components used and   released by Apple, Google and Nokia platforms, leading to their mobile   platform strategies with regard to open source. Finally, the paper   assesses the situation from the point of view of communities of software   developers complementing each platform. The authors identified relevant   implications of the open-source phenomenon in the mobile-industry.",NA
1415,Article,Open3DALIGN: an open-source software aimed at unsupervised ligand   alignment,"An open-source, cross-platform software aimed at conformer generation   and unsupervised rigid-body molecular alignment is presented. Different   algorithms have been implemented to perform single and   multi-conformation superimpositions on one or more templates. Alignments   can be accomplished by matching pharmacophores, heavy atoms or a   combination of the two. All methods have been successfully validated on   eight comprehensive datasets previously gathered by Sutherland and   co-workers. High computational performance has been attained through   efficient parallelization of the code. The unsupervised nature of the   alignment algorithms, together with its scriptable interface, make   Open3DALIGN an ideal component of high-throughput, automated   cheminformatics workflows.",10.1007/s10822-011-9462-9
1416,InProceedings,OpenADR Open Source Toolkit: Developing Open Source Software for the   Smart Grid.,"Demand response (DR) is becoming an increasingly important part of power   grid planning and operation. The advent of the Smart Grid, which   mandates its use, further motivates selection and development of   suitable software protocols to enable DR functionality. The OpenADR   protocol has been developed and is being standardized to serve this   goal. We believe that the development of a distributable, open source   implementation of OpenADR will benefit this effort and motivate critical   evaluation of its capabilities, by the wider community, for providing   wide-scale DR services.",NA
1417,InCollection,OpenMS and TOPP: Open Source Software for LC-MS Data Analysis,"Proteomics experiments based on state-of-the-art mass spectrometry   produce vast amounts of data, which cannot be analyzed manually. Hence,   software is needed which is able to analyze the data in an automated   fashion. The need for robust and reusable software tools triggered the   development of libraries implementing different algorithms for the   various analysis steps. OpenMS is such a software library and provides a   wealth of data structures and algorithms for the analysis of mass   spectrometric data. For users unfamiliar with programming, TOPP ({''}The   OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline{''}) offers a wide range of already   implemented tools sharing the same interface and designed for a specific   analysis task each. TOPP thus makes the sophisticated algorithms of   OpenMS accessible to nonprogrammers. The individual TOPP tools can be   strung together into pipelines for analyzing mass spectrometry-based   experiments starting from the raw output of the mass spectrometer. These   analysis pipelines can be constructed using a graphical editor. Even   complex analytical workflows can thus be analyzed with ease.",10.1007/978-1-60761-987-1\\_23
1418,Article,Oss {Tales},NA,NA
1419,Article,PaDEL-Descriptor: An Open Source Software to Calculate Molecular   Descriptors and Fingerprints,"Introduction: PaDEL-Descriptor is a software for calculating molecular   descriptors and fingerprints. The software currently calculates 797   descriptors (663 1D, 2D descriptors, and 134 3D descriptors) and 10   types of fingerprints. These descriptors and fingerprints are calculated   mainly using The Chemistry Development Kit. Some additional descriptors   and fingerprints were added, which include atom type electrotopological   state descriptors, McGowan volume, molecular linear free energy relation   descriptors, ring counts, count of chemical substructures identified by   Laggner, and binary fingerprints and count of chemical substructures   identified by Klekota and Roth.   Methods: PaDEL-Descriptor was developed using the Java language and   consists of a library component and an interface component. The library   component allows it to be easily integrated into quantitative structure   activity relationship software to provide the descriptor calculation   feature while the interface component allows it to be used as a   standalone software. The software uses a Master/Worker pattern to take   advantage of the multiple CPU cores that are present in most modern   computers to speed up calculations of molecular descriptors.   Results: The software has several advantages over existing standalone   molecular descriptor calculation software. It is free and open source,   has both graphical user interface and command line interfaces, can work   on all major platforms (Windows, Linux, MacOS), supports more than 90   different molecular file formats, and is multithreaded.   Conclusion: PaDEL-Descriptor is a useful addition to the currently   available molecular descriptor calculation software. The software can be   downloaded at http://padel.nus.edu.sg/software/padeldescriptor. (C) 2010   Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 32: 1466-1474, 2011",10.1002/jcc.21707
1420,Article,Participatory design in OSS development: interpretive case studies in   company and community OSS development contexts,"This article examines distributed participatory design in open source   software (OSS) development. User participation is becoming a relevant   topic of research in the OSS development context. Though it has not been   examined much to date, the OSS development context has been argued to   advocate a particular type of participatory design, which can now be   scrutinised in its natural setting as it evolves. Two interpretive case   studies on user participation in OSS development are included in this   article. The first examines a traditional community OSS development   project; the second concentrates on the company OSS development context,   the case being a software development unit of a global corporation   involved in OSS development. Through analysis of the cases, different   forms of participatory design (PD), especially of distributed PD, are   identified. Distributed PD is interpreted to include gaining an   understanding of users' current practices, redesigning them together   with users and gathering feedback from users related to the solutions.   Different kinds of roles are available to users, as well as to for   intermediaries `representing users'. Especially, the importance of   online forum-based and intermediary-driven PD is emphasised in this   article. Implications for PD and OSS research and practice are   considered.",10.1080/0144929X.2010.503351
1421,Article,Poverty of stimulus and absence of cause: some questions for Felin and   Foss,"We examine an aspect of the argument of Teppo Felin and Nicolai Foss   ('The Endogenous Origins of Experience, Routines, and Organizational   Capabilities: The Poverty of Stimulus'; 2011) where they reject the   claim of Geoffrey Hodgson and Thorbjorn Knudsen ('Darwinism, Causality   and the Social Sciences'; 2004) that habits depend crucially on stimuli   from the social environment. We argue that while rightly stressing human   agency they also create a false dichotomy between agential and   environmental factors in the explanation. Felin and Foss create further   confusion by hinting - without adequate clarification - at an untenable   notion of human agency as an uncaused cause. We raise several questions   of clarification for these authors.",10.1017/S1744137411000129
1423,Article,Practitioner perceptions of Open Source software in the embedded systems   area,"There is a growing body of research to show that, with the advent of   so-called professional Open Source, attitudes within many organisations   towards adopting Open Source software have changed. However, there have   been conflicting reports on the extent to which this is true of the   embedded software systems sector a large sector in Europe. This paper   reports on attitudes towards Open Source software within that sector.   Our results show a high level of acceptance of Open Source products with   large, well established communities, and not only at the level of the   operating system. Control over the software is seen as fundamentally   important. Other key perceptions with Open Source are an easing of   long-term maintenance problems and ready availability of support. The   classical strengths of Open Source, namely mass inspection, ease of   conducting trials, longevity and source code access for debugging, were   at the forefront of thinking. However, there was an acknowledgement that   more guidelines are needed for assessing Open Source software and   incorporating it into products. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.020
1424,Article,Practitioner perceptions of {Open} {Source} software in the embedded systems area,"There is a growing body of research to show that, with the advent of so-called professional Open Source, attitudes within many organisations towards adopting Open Source software have changed. However, there have been conflicting reports on the extent to which this is true of the embedded software systems sector -- a large sector in Europe. This paper reports on attitudes towards Open Source software within that sector. Our results show a high level of acceptance of Open Source products with large, well established communities, and not only at the level of the operating system. Control over the software is seen as fundamentally important. Other key perceptions with Open Source are an easing of long-term maintenance problems and ready availability of support. The classical strengths of Open Source, namely mass inspection, ease of conducting trials, longevity and source code access for debugging, were at the forefront of thinking. However, there was an acknowledgement that more guidelines are needed for assessing Open Source software and incorporating it into products. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1425,Article,Predicting OSS Development Success: A Data Mining Approach,"Open Source Software (OSS) has reached new levels of sophistication and   acceptance by users and commercial software vendors. This research   creates tests and validates a model for predicting successful   development of OSS projects. Widely available archival data was used for   OSS projects from Sourceforge. net. The data is analyzed with multiple   Data Mining techniques. Initially three competing models are created   using Logistic Regression, Decision Trees and Neural Networks. These   models are compared for precision and are refined in several phases.   Text Mining is used to create new variables that improve the predictive   power of the models. The final model is chosen based on best fit to   separate training and validation data sets and the ability to explain   the relationship among variables. Model robustness is determined by   testing it on a new dataset extracted from the SF repository. The   results indicate that end-user involvement, project age, functionality,   usage, project management techniques, project type and team   communication methods have a significant impact on the development of   OSS projects.",10.4018/jismd.2011100102
1426,InProceedings,Preparing FLOSS for Future Network Paradigms: A Survey on Linux Network   Management,"Operating system tools must fulfil the requirements generated by the   advances in networking paradigms. To understand the current state of the   Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) ecosystem, we present a   survey on the main tools used to manage and interact with the network,   and how they are organized in Linux-based operating systems. Based on   the survey results, we present a reference Linux network stack that can   serve as the basis for future heterogeneous network environments,   contributing towards a standardized approach in Linux. Using this stack,   and focusing on dynamic and spontaneous network interactions, we present   an evolution path for network related technologies, contributing to   Linux as a network research operating system and to FLOSS as a whole.",NA
1427,Article,Problems at the Foundation? Comments on Felin and Foss,"This paper reviews the assessment of the routines and capabilities   literature provided by T. Felin and N. J. Foss, `The Endogenous Origins   of Experience, Routines and Organizational Capabilities: The Poverty of   Stimulus', published by the Journal of Institutional Economics. Although   valuable points are raised, the assessment is largely off target because   it is fixated on the implausible view that the literature assessed is   strongly shaped by the tradition of behavioral psychology (B. F. Skinner   and others). At the same time, important portions of the routines and   capabilities literature that are highly relevant to the authors'   substantive concerns, and which are plainly inconsistent with the main   interpretive claim, are not considered.",10.1017/S1744137410000470
1429,Article,Promoting Open Source Software in Government: The Challenges of   Motivation and Follow-Through,"Open source software has long been used by government agencies, and   prospects for increased use have been greeted enthusiastically by   knowledgeable government employees who understand open source's   contribution to the core responsibilities that the government has toward   the public: access for all, vendor independence, archiving, special   government needs, and security. But mobilizing the necessary forces in   government to procure open source software has proven difficult. This   article highlights the factors that instigate and carry through the   adoption of open source in government: an external trigger; an emphasis   on strategic goals; an information technology staff with sufficient   dedication, technical sophistication, and creativity to make the   transition; and high-level support at the policy-making level. The   article reports on the attempt to introduce OpenOffice.org in the   mid-2000 decade into agencies of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and   compares that case to cases in Peru, Brazil, and Munich, Germany.",10.1080/19331681.2011.592059
1430,InProceedings,Relating and Clustering Free/Libre Open Source Software Projects and Developers: A Social Network Perspective,"In this article a perspective of relating various Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects and linking different FLOSS developers is given. Specifically, by viewing projects and developers as characterized by their choices of features such as intended audiences, licenses, programming languages, operating systems, and topics, two-mode networks are generated to link projects (or developers) to their feature choices. Based on the generated networks, similarities among projects and among developers are calculated, and projects (or developers) are clustered through their measured similarities. Implication to this perspective can be the provision of project and developer recommendation services to extend developers' social networks beyond their participated projects and also to facilitate the sharing of information. This perspective also opens the possibility of discovering free software ideologists in FLOSS community.",10.1109/HICSS.2011.359
1431,Article,Sharing experiments using open-source software,"When researchers want to repeat, improve or refute prior conclusions, it   is useful to have a complete and operational description of prior   experiments. If those descriptions are overly long or complex, then   sharing their details may not be informative. OURMINE is a scripting   environment for the development and deployment of data mining   experiments. Using OURMINE, data mining novices can specify and execute   intricate experiments, while researchers can publish their complete   experimental rig alongside their conclusions. This is achievable because   of OURMINE's succinctness. For example, this paper presents two   experiments documented in the OURMINE syntax. Thus, the brevity and   simplicity of OURMINE recommends it as a better tool for documenting,   executing, and sharing data mining experiments. Copyright (C) 2010 John   Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/spe.1004
1432,Article,Socialization in Open Source Software Projects: A Growth Mixture   Modeling Approach,"The success of open source software (OSS) projects depends heavily on   the voluntary participation of a large number of developers. To remain   sustainable, it is vital for an OSS project community to maintain a   critical mass of core developers. Yet, only a small number of   participants (identified here as ``joiners'') can successfully socialize   themselves into the core developer group. Despite the importance of   joiners' socialization behavior, quantitative longitudinal research in   this area is lacking. This exploratory study examines joiners' temporal   socialization trajectories and their impacts on joiners' status   progression. Guided by social resource theory and using the growth   mixture modeling (GMM) approach to study 133 joiners in 40 OSS projects,   the authors found that these joiners differed in both their initial   levels and their growth trajectories of socialization and identified   four distinct classes of joiner socialization behavior. They also found   that these distinct latent classes of joiners varied in their status   progression within their communities. The implications for research and   practice are correspondingly discussed.",10.1177/1094428110375002
1436,InProceedings,Sociotechnical coordination and collaboration in open source software,"In the mid 90s, a new style of software development, termed open source software (OSS) has emerged and has originated large, mature, stable, and widely used software projects. As software continues to grow in size and complexity, so do development teams. Consequently, coordination and communication within these teams play larger roles in productivity and software quality. My dissertation focuses on the relationships between developers in large open source projects and how software affects and is affected by these relationships. Fortunately, source code repository histories, mailing list archives, and bug databases from OSS projects contain latent data from which we can reconstruct a rich view of a project over time and analyze these sociotechnical relationships. We present methods of obtaining and analyzing this data as well as the results of empirical studies whose goal is to answer questions that can help stakeholders understand and make decisions about their own teams. We answer questions such as ""Do large OSS project really have a disorganized bazaar-like structure__ __"" ""What is the relationship between social and development behavior in OSS__ __"" ""How does one progress from a project newcomer to a full-fledged, core developer__ __"" and others in an attempt to understand how large, successful OSS projects work and also to contrast them with projects in commercial settings.",10.1109/ICSM.2011.6080832
1437,InProceedings,Speech Recognition and Text-to-speech Solution for Vernacular Languages   Free software and community involvement to develop voice services,"This paper summarizes the work performed to study and develop a model   Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system and a speech synthesis or   Text-To-Speech (TTS) system on keywords of the vernacular language   Wolof, respectively based on the open source software toolkits Julius   and Festival. Much research has been developed in this area. Our goal is   to be the first to develop a model for speech recognition and synthesis   in Wolof, and also to create different lexicons and knowledge bases of   phonetic, acoustic and lingistic feartures in order to introduce other   languages.",NA
1438,Article,SpiderRadio: A Cognitive Radio Network with Commodity Hardware and Open   Source Software,"In this article we present SpiderRadio, a cognitive radio prototype for   dynamic spectrum access networking. SpiderRadio is built using commodity   IEEE 802.11a/b/g hardware and the open source MadWiFi driver. This helps   us in developing and testing our prototype without having to buy and   manage several licensed spectrum bands. We begin with a discussion of   the key research issues and challenges in the practical implementation   of a dynamic spectrum access network. Then the lessons learned from the   development of dynamic spectrum access protocols, designing management   frame structures, software implementation of the dynamic spectrum access   network protocol stack, and testbed experimental measurement results are   presented. Several trade-offs in prototype implementation complexity vs.   network performance are also discussed. We also identify potential   security vulnerabilities in cognitive radio networks, specifically as   applied to SpiderRadio, and point out some defense mechanisms against   these vulnerabilities.",10.1109/MCOM.2011.5723806
1439,InProceedings,Study of the Competition between Proprietary Software Firms and   Free/Libre Open Source Software Firms Using a Simulation Model,"In recent years, a very important structural change in the software   industry took place, with an increasing number of firms that got   involved in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development   communities. FLOSS communities and products have been studied as   complementary to proprietary software companies and products. In this   paper we propone a business model for the software market, and in   particular we analyze the competition between proprietary software firms   and FLOSS firms. Our software market is a system where each agent is   independent of each other in the choice about buying or selling software   products or services. The proposed work aims to analyze the influence of   FLOSS firms producing both software and services in vertical software   markets, nowadays mostly dominated by large proprietary firms. The   findings show that FLOSS firms are able to compete with proprietary   firms, though in the end a monopoly or oligopoly of the latters emerges.   The ousted FLOSS firms, however, survive longer than proprietary ones,   when these are not able to compete in the market.",NA
1441,Article,Supporting software evolution in component-based FOSS systems,"FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) systems present interesting   challenges in system evolution. On one hand, most FOSS systems are based   on very fine-grained units of software deployment - called packages -   which promote system evolution; on the other hand, FOSS systems are   among the largest software systems known and require sophisticated   static and dynamic conditions to be verified, in order to successfully   deploy upgrades on users' machines. The slightest error in one of these   conditions can turn a routine upgrade into a system administrator's   nightmare.   In this paper we introduce a model-based approach to support the upgrade   of FOSS systems. The approach promotes the simulation of upgrades to   predict failures before affecting the real system. Both fine-grained   static aspects (e.g. configuration incoherences) and dynamic aspects   (e.g. the execution of configuration scripts) are taken into account,   improving over the state of the art of upgrade planners. The   effectiveness of the approach is validated by instantiating the approach   to widely-used FOSS distributions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.scico.2010.11.001
1443,InProceedings,System Integration Model Based on Open Source Software (Oss),"Application system is an important component to support business   organizations. Information, communication and information technology   have made developing business becomes very competitive. It is very   crucial for companies to have fast and accurate access to   mission-critical business information in order to maintain its   competitiveness. The ability to establish network connections between   the existing systems becomes a must in order to optimize the use of   critical information. To realize this, the implementation of system   integration looks promising. However, system integration process is not   an easy task because it involves variety of systems with different   organizations backgrounds. The main objective of this paper is to   propose an integration model that is generic and easily adapted by many   organizations. The Information Management Division, Public Sector   Department in Malaysia is chosen as a case study. The systems used in   this department will be analyzed and problems faced will be identified.   Research methodology conducted includes the Analysis Phase, Design   Phase, Development Phase and Testing Phase. In order to support the   proposed model, prototype called myIntegration is implemented based on   OpenSyncro. OpenSyncro is an open source software (OSS) meant for   Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). The Testing Phase was carried   out by taking into account the actual test scenario involving the   Department A (owner of the Malaysian Personal Record) and Department B   (Human Resources Manager of Malaysian Civil Servants). Tests conducted   have shown that the exchange of information between the Department A and   B have been successfully realized. The finding from this research, where   a new integration model has been created, can be referred by any   government or private organizations in developing their systems   integration facilities. The model also besides reducing the requirement   of hardware; also reduces the dependency to proprietary products. In   addition, the prototype developed, which based on OpenSyncro is capable   in providing an alternative solution to the IT community to anchor any   systems integration project at a lower cost and in a user friendly   environment.",NA
1445,Article,THE USE OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING COURSES,"This article shows the application of open source software in geological   mapping courses using databases consolidation through geoprocessing in a   GIS environment, up to a final graphic design in order to achieve a   product with precision and visual quality. The use of open source   software tools prove that these resources are ready for practical   application, presenting several advantages like: licenses flexibility   and large software support on a global scale.",NA
1446,InCollection,Technologies of Communities and Peer Production Disentangling Power   Relations in FL/OSS Development,NA,NA
1447,InCollection,The Adoption Process of Free \\& Open Source Software (FOSS) in Turkish   Public Organizations,"Free and open source software (FOSS) has been increasingly used both in   public and private organizations in order to contain costs, increase   software transparency and reliability, and information security, among   other reasons. This article identifies and examines the arguments and   actors, who have promoted and opposed the use of FOSS in the Turkish   public sector. It also analyzes how these actors organize the processes   of adoption and presents the discourses that they used to affect the   open source-related policy decisions. The methods used e-mail   questionnaires directed to IT experts in government, academia, private   sector and the media, together with the archival analysis of related   documents. It is found that FOSS enhances e-government implementations   being relatively secure than proprietary software, low cost,   participative, scalable and easy to manage. The article concludes with   the evaluation of the current level of FOSS use in Turkish government   agencies, an explanation of the process of adoption by presenting a   process model of FOSS adoption in Turkey that may be applied in other   similar countries and different frames of analysis that shape the   adoption process. In this vein, the main aim is to link FOSS to the   e-government processes and ultimate aim is to link this manuscript to   the grass roots e-governance improvement literature.",10.4018/978-1-61692-814-8.ch007
1448,InProceedings,"The Humanitarian FOSS Project: Goals, Activities, and Outcomes","Begun in 2006, the Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software Project (HFOSS Project) is an educational initiative whose goal is to engage undergraduates in computer science by building free and open source software that benefits humanity, both locally and globally. During its short lifetime, the Project has inspired increasing numbers of students and instructors to make significant contributions to several humanitarian open source software development projects. In the last four years, the HFOSS Project has received material support from several partners, including the National Science Foundation, Accenture, Google, and Mozilla. This support has enabled the Project to expand its reach to add new college and university partners and to add more humanitarian software projects. Contributions to the HFOSS Project come from professionals in academia, IT organizations, and non-profit organizations that engage undergraduate students in courses, research projects, and summer internship experiences. Its curriculum is accessible to a wide range of undergraduates, since it includes courses for non- majors as well as computer science and engineering majors. This paper describes all these activities and their impact on undergraduate computing education, local non-profit organizations, and global FOSS communities. It concludes by identifying the progress that the HFOSS Project has made toward developing a sustainable infrastructure.",10.1109/GHTC.2011.78
1450,InProceedings,The Importance of Architectural Knowledge in Integrating Open Source   Software,"Open Source Software (OSS) is increasingly used in Component-Based   Software Development (CBSD) of large software systems. An important   issue in CBSD is selection of suitable components. Various OSS selection   methods have been proposed, but most of them do not consider the   software architecture aspects of OSS products. The Software Architecture   (SA) research community refers to a product's architectural information,   such as design decisions and underlying rationale, and used architecture   patterns, as Architecture Knowledge (AK). In order to investigate the   importance of AK of OSS components in integration, we conducted an   exploratory empirical study. Based on in-depth interviews with 12 IT   professionals, this paper presents insights into the following   questions: 1) what AK of OSS is needed? 2) Why is AK of OSS needed? 3)   Is AK of OSS generally available? And 4) what is the relative importance   of AK? Based on these new insights, we provide a research agenda to   further the research field of software architecture in OSS.",NA
1451,InProceedings,The SCRIBO Module of the Olena Platform: A Free Software Framework for Document Image Analysis,"Electronic documents are being more and more usable thanks to better and more affordable network, storage and computational facilities. But in order to benefit from computer-aided document management, paper documents must be digitized and analyzed. This task may be challenging at several levels. Data may be of multiple types thus requiring different adapted processing chains. The tools to be developed should also take into account the needs and knowledge of users, ranging from a simple graphical application to a complete programming framework. Finally, the data sets to process may be large. In this paper, we expose a set of features that a Document Image Analysis framework should provide to handle the previous issues. In particular, a good strategy to address both flexibility and efficiency issues is the Generic Programming (GP) paradigm. These ideas are implemented as an open source module, SCRIBO, built on top of Olena, a generic and efficient image processing platform. Our solution features services such as preprocessing filters, text detection, page segmentation and document reconstruction (as XML, PDF or HTML documents). This framework, composed of reusable software components, can be used to create full-fledged graphical applications, small utilities, or processing chains to be integrated into third-party projects.",10.1109/ICDAR.2011.59
1453,InProceedings,The Third Generation of OSS: A Three-Stage Evolution from Gift to   Commerce-Economy,"Linux is penetrating into mobile software as the basis for a mobile   middleware platform. It is accelerating the increasing visibility of   open source software (OSS) components in mobile middleware platforms.   Considering the 10-million lines of code of OSS-based industrial   platforms such as a mobile middleware platform, engagement in   foundations is inevitable for large-scale packages of OSS for industrial   solutions. The author discusses the driving factors toward a   foundation-based OSS and the transition of the underlying economy types   to analyze the transitions to the third-generation OSS.",NA
1454,Article,The factors that affect the performance of open source software   development - the perspective of social capital and expertise   integration,"Drawing on social capital theory, we develop a theoretical model aiming   to explore how open source software (OSS) project effectiveness (in   terms of team size, team effort and team's level of completion) is   affected by expertise integration. This in turn is influenced by three   types of social capital - relational capital, cognitive capital and   structural capital. In addition, this study also examines two moderating   effects - the impact of technical complexity on the relationship between   cognitive capital and expertise integration, and of task interdependence   on the relationship between expertise integration and task completion.   Through a field survey of 160 OSS members from five Taiwanese   communities, there is support for some of the proposed hypotheses. Both   reciprocity and centrality affect expertise integration as expected, but   the influence of commitment and cognitive capital (including expertise   and tenure) on expertise integration is not significant. Finally,   expertise integration affects both team size and team effort, which in   turn jointly influence task completion. This research contributes to   advancing theoretical understanding of the effectiveness of free OSS   development as well as providing OSS practitioners with insight into how   to leverage social capital for improving the performance of OSS   development.",10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00347.x
1456,Article,"The foundation is solid, if you know where to look: comment on Felin and   Foss","This paper offers an alternative to the view of the routines literature   provided by T. Felin and N. J. Foss, `The Endogenous Origins of   Experience, Routines and Organizational Capabilities: The Poverty of   Stimulus', published by the Journal of Institutional Economics. The   emphasis here is on practice-based theories of organizational routines   that are grounded in close, ethnographic observation of real routines.   While this literature may be unfamiliar to some readers, it is relevant   here because it specifically contradicts the core assertions made by   Felin and Foss. Further, this literature provides a clear theoretical   foundation for subsequent research on problems such as stability and   change in routines, the nature of capabilities and dynamic capabilities,   and complex ecologies of routines.",10.1017/S174413741000041X
1458,Article,The notion of free software,"Free, open source software is increasingly more usual in almost any   computing environment. However, it is also a great unknown: not many   people knows what it truly is. This paper presents the conditions that   some piece of software has to comply with to be considered as free or   open source software, which are compiled in several definitions.   Starting from them, its history is briefly exposed, and some of its   characteristics and consequences are explored. In addition, some aspects   related to free software licensing are commented, since they are so   fundamental for its very existence..",10.5565/rev/tradumatica.10
1459,Article,The search for a research method for studying OSS process innovation,"Medium-sized, open-participation Open Source Software (OSS) projects do   not usually perform explicit software process improvement on any routine   basis. It would be useful to understand how to get such a project to   accept a process improvement proposal and hence to perform process   innovation. We want to determine an effective and feasible qualitative   research method for studying the above question. We present   (narratively) a case study of how we worked towards and eventually found   such a research method. The case involves four attempts at collecting   suitable data about innovation episodes (direct participation (twice),   polling developers for episodes, manually finding episodes in mailing   list archives) and the adaptation of the Grounded Theory data analysis   methodology. Direct participation allows gathering rather rich data, but   does not allow for observing a sufficiently large number of innovation   episodes. Polling developers for episodes did not prove to be useful.   Using mailing list archives to find data to be analyzed is both feasible   and effective. We also describe how the data thus found can be analyzed   based on the Grounded Theory Method with suitable adjustments.   By-and-large, our findings ought to apply to studying various phenomena   in OSS development processes that are similarly heavyweight and   infrequent. However, specific details may block this possibility and we   cannot predict which details that might be. The amount of effort   involved in direct participation approaches to qualitative research can   easily be underestimated. Also, survey approaches are not well-suited   for many process issues in OSS, because too few developers are   sufficiently process-conscious. An approach based on passive observation   is a viable alternative in the OSS context due to the availability of   large amounts of fairly complete archival data.",10.1007/s10664-011-9160-1
1460,InProceedings,Towards Improving OSS Products Selection - Matching Selectors and OSS   Communities Perspectives,"Adopting third-party software is becoming an economical and strategic   need for today organizations. A fundamental part of its successful   adoption is the informed selection of products that best fit the   organization needs. One of the main current problems hampering   selection, specially of OSS products is the vast amount of unstructured,   incomplete, evolvable and widespread information about products that   highly increases the risks of taking a wrong decision. In this paper, we   aim to inform and provide evidence to OSS communities that help them to   envisage improvements on their information rendering strategies to   satisfy industrial OSS selectors' needs. Our results are from the   matching between the informational needs of 23 OSS selectors from   diverse software-intensive organizations, and the in-depth study of 9   OSS communities of different sizes and domains. The results evidenced   specific areas of improvement that might help to enhance the industrial   OSS selection practice.",NA
1462,InProceedings,Towards a marketing strategy for open source software,"Open Source Software (OSS) communities do not often invest in marketing strategies to promote their products in a competitive way. The web pages of OSS products are the main communication channel with potential users and they should act as a product's shopping window. However, even the home pages of well-known OSS products show technicalities and details that are not relevant the vast majority of users. So, final users and even developers, who are interested in evaluating and potentially adopting an OSS product, are often negatively impressed by the web portal of the product and turn to proprietary software solutions or fail to adopt OSS that may be useful in their activities.",10.1145/2181101.2181109
1463,InProceedings,Understanding Broadcast Based Peer Review on Open Source Software   Projects,"Software peer review has proven to be a successful technique in open   source software (OSS) development. In contrast to industry, where   reviews are typically assigned to specific individuals, changes are   broadcast to hundreds of potentially interested stakeholders. Despite   concerns that reviews may be ignored, or that discussions will deadlock   because too many uninformed stakeholders are involved, we find that this   approach works well in practice. In this paper, we describe an empirical   study to investigate the mechanisms and behaviours that developers use   to find code changes they are competent to review. We also explore how   stakeholders interact with one another during the review process. We   manually examine hundreds of reviews across five high profile OSS   projects. Our findings provide insights into the simple, community-wide   techniques that developers use to effectively manage large quantities of   reviews. The themes that emerge from our study are enriched and   validated by interviewing long-serving core developers.",10.1145/1985793.1985867
1465,Article,Understanding OSS development in communities: the perspectives of   ideology and knowledge sharing,"This study aims to understand why open source software (OSS) developers   contribute and how their dispersed efforts are controlled to lead to   viable outputs. Drawing on theories related to ideology and information   sharing, a model is proposed and tested empirically. We found that OSS   values are positively associated with collaborative elaboration and   communication competence, which in turn affect the performance of OSS   task in terms of task completion. Our results also delineate the   relationship among OSS norms, collaborative elaboration and source   credibility, and task completion. This research contributes to advancing   theoretical understanding of OSS performance as well as providing OSS   practitioners with guidelines on how OSS communities use OSS ideology to   achieve better performance.",10.1080/0144929X.2010.535853
1467,InProceedings,Using Free Open Source Software for Intelligent Geometric Computing,"This paper describes some examples of fruitful cooperation between   geometric software tools (in particular, GeoGebra) and a free open   source computer algebra system, Sage (Software for Algebra and Geometry   Experimentation). We collect some of our efforts for enhancing   mathematics education via technologically rich environments. We show   that a math teacher with no specialized programming knowledge can mix   widespread resources to get motivating new teaching tools. Furthermore,   we explore an exciting but barely used (even known!) characteristic of   Sage: its use as a remote kernel. We test it by computing symbolic tasks   in a dynamic geometry prototype that are currently out of scope of   standard dynamic geometry software. Finally, we illustrate the   development of web-based geometric resources by communicating GeoGebra   and Sage through Javascript.",NA
1468,InProceedings,Using Open Source Software for Improving Dialog in Computer Science   Education - Case Mozambique University,"This paper highlights the essential matters in adopting technology as an   aid to delivering education in higher education institutes in Africa.   The key idea of the paper is how to use open source software for   teaching and hence for improving interactivity between content, teachers   and students i.e. how a well-selected open source software can foster   learning processes. The paper also includes a case study in a Mozambican   University to reveal a practical example on how technology has been used   as an aid to education delivery. Availability of computer   infrastructure, computer literacy, competent information technology   staff, leadership support and collaboration and sharing culture are some   of the identified issues important in using learning management systems   (LMS) in African higher education institutes. The paper concludes by   noting the need to fit the local environment and circumstances in   adopting the use of technology in Africa.",10.1007/978-3-642-19715-4\\_6
1470,InProceedings,Utilizing Free Software to Improve the Teaching and Learning of Computer   Major Courses,"It is an important means to help students deeply comprehend the related   theory and improve their programming ability to introduce some free   software to the teaching and learning of computer major courses in   colleges and universities. The research and learning on source code of   free software such as Linux, eCos, GNU tools is very helpful to the   learning and teaching of courses such as the Operating System, Data   Structure, programming languages, Embedded Software Development and   Compiling Principle. Meanwhile, the course designs and projects   development based on these free software can largely improve students'   design ability on complicate software using programming language such as   C language, C++ language and assembly language.",NA
1471,InProceedings,Vishnoo  --  An open-source software for vision research,"The visual input is perhaps the most important sensory information. Understanding its mechanisms as well as the way visual attention arises could be highly beneficial for many tasks involving the analysis of users' interaction with their environment. We present Vishnoo (Visual Search Examination Tool), an integrated framework that combines configurable search tasks with gaze tracking capabilities, thus enabling the analysis of both, the visual field and the visual attention. Our user studies underpin the viability of such a platform. Vishnoo is an open-source software and is available for download at http://www.vishnoo.de/.",10.1109/CBMS.2011.5999042
1472,InProceedings,Vishnoo - An Open-Source Software for Vision Research,"The visual input is perhaps the most important sensory information.   Understanding its mechanisms as well as the way visual attention arises   could be highly beneficial for many tasks involving the analysis of   users' interaction with their environment.   We present Vishnoo (Visual Search Examination Tool), an integrated   framework that combines configurable search tasks with gaze tracking   capabilities, thus enabling the analysis of both, the visual field and   the visual attention. Our user studies underpin the viability of such a   platform. Vishnoo is an open-source software and is available for   download at http://www.vishnoo.de/",NA
1473,InProceedings,Visualizing collaboration and influence in the open-source software community,"We apply visualization techniques to user profiles and repository metadata from the GitHub source code hosting service. Our motivation is to identify patterns within this development community that might otherwise remain obscured. Such patterns include the effect of geographic distance on developer relationships, social connectivity and influence among cities, and variation in projectspecific contribution styles (e.g., centralized vs. distributed). Our analysis examines directed graphs in which nodes represent users' geographic locations and edges represent (a) follower relationships, (b) successive commits, or (c) contributions to the same project. We inspect this data using a set of visualization techniques: geo-scatter maps, small multiple displays, and matrix diagrams. Using these representations, and tools based on them, we develop hypotheses about the larger GitHub community that would be difficult to discern using traditional lists, tables, or descriptive statistics. These methods are not intended to provide conclusive answers; instead, they provide a way for researchers to explore the question space and communicate initial insights.",10.1145/1985441.1985476
1474,InProceedings,Voice enabled G2C applications for M-government using open source software,"M-government is the extension of e-government to mobile platforms. The advancements in mobile communication technology enable a natural transition from the era of e-government to the era of m-government by extending the internet from wired PCs to mobile phones. Since speech is the most natural means of communication, by linking a mobile phone to a VoiceXML gateway we are able to build voice enabled Government-to-Citizen (G2C) applications which are accessible ubiquitously by anyone, anytime. Our implementation of the voice gateway successfully integrates the mobile telephone network with automatic speech recognition, text to speech synthesis for English and Hindi, and web navigation systems based on open standards and using open source software. We describe three voice enabled m-governance G2C applications on the open source Android platform. The platform specific m-governance applications can be downloaded directly on a mobile phone through mobile browsers for their use by citizens.",NA
1475,InProceedings,What Characterize Documents That Bridge Boundaries Compared to Documents That Do Not? An Exploratory Study of Documentation in FLOSS Teams,"Organizations bring together people with various access to and understanding of the work at hand. De-spite their different stocks of background knowledge, most of them engage in documentation, whether as writers or readers. This paper explores how documents serve such diverse users by building a framework articulating the characteristics of documents supporting collaborators with asymmetric access to knowledge versus people with symmetric knowledge. Drawing on document-centric approaches we hypothesize that documents supporting asymmetric groups are likely to be more prescriptive and explicate their own use compared to documents supporting symmetric groups. Through exploratory analysis of two kinds of documents, used across three FLOSS projects, we find that documents supporting collaborators with asymmetric knowledge do appear to explicate their own use in more detail. They do so by prescribing their own 1) purpose, 2) context of use, 3) content and form in greater detail than documents used by core community members with symmetric access to project knowledge.",10.1109/HICSS.2011.492
1477,Article,{FLOSS} {IN} {AN} {INDUSTRIAL} {ECONOMICS} {PERSPECTIVE},"The spread of free/libre open source software (FLOSS) represents one of the most important developments in the Information Technology (IT) industry in recent years. Within the context of a knowledge-based economy, this sort of approach appears exemplary for a growing number of industrial activities in which the amount of knowledge that has to be mastered is too large for a single agent, however powerful. Considering knowledge as a mutual resource requires a rethinking of the value chain concept, since cash flow is derived from use of the knowledge base (services, complementary products), not from the knowledge itself. In a classical industrial economics perspective, this reshaping of the value chain must be analyzed not only at the global ecosystem level (who produces what, between firms and universities, users and producers, etc.), but also at the industrial level (once the industry's role has been identified, how does it organize itself?).  In this article, we argue for a more structured and global analysis, based on the tools of industrial economics, and thus starting from the basic conditions of the computer market and of the buyers' competence in software development (the ""dominant user's skill"").",NA
1478,Article,{LE} {MODÈLE} É{CONOMIQUE} {DU} {LOGICIEL} {OPEN} {SOURCE}: {VIABILITÉ} {ET} {COMPÉTITIVITÉ} (*)/{THE} {ECONOMIC} {MODEL} {OF} {THE} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE}: {VIABILITY} {AND} {COMPETITIVENESS},"The open source software community has been offering for nearly twenty years an open innovation model that is competing with the dominant model of ownership and diffusion of innovations in the industry. When strict forms of intellectual property protect innovations and incite to effort in the copyright world, the transmission of knowledge is privileged by the ""viral"" model of copyleft, at the risk of apparently discouraging creativity. Each developer then freely uses the input of others to develop their own program and increment the available knowledge base. He may also derive from his accumulated knowledge any pecuniary advantages, provided that the result of his own work as a developer is made available to others under the same conditions, to make his own freedom contagious.",NA
1479,Article,{PUBLIC} {INTERVENTION} {FOR} {FREE}/{OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE},"This paper reviews the main theoretical and practical arguments for and against free/open-source software (F/OSS) policies. Based on information gathered from the open-source website (www.osor.eu) we have built a database of open-source public interventions, establishing that public support in Europe for open-source software is usually reflected in direct adoption by a public partner or in positive statements about such adoption. Our analysis suggests that a serious analysis of the rationality, motivations and consequences of such public interventions involves a careful examination of the various roles of the public powers and the various categories of software involved. We provide empirical evidence that FOSS support is stronger in countries (i) where e-government services are more largely available, and (ii) where the domestic software industry is lagging behind. This evidence supports common views among FOSS advocates.",NA
1480,InProceedings,A Case of Standard Develop Framework Based on Open-Source Software in   Korea Public Sector,"The various development frameworks cause problems such as the cost of   the system maintenance, the outsourcing firm dependency and the lack of   interoperability between systems. In order to solve these problems, the   Korean government has developed a standard development framework for   e-Government, is called the eGovFrame using open source. And many   agencies used eGovFrame, HIRA also used standard development framework.   In this study we showed that applied to the practices for DUR(Drug   Utilization Review) system of Korea HIRA.",NA
1481,InProceedings,A Conceptual Framework for Open Source Software Test Process,"The broad acceptance and use of Open Source Software (OSS) has underscored the necessity of investigating the means of assuring their quality. With the aim of identifying an OSS test process, three well-known OSS projects, namely Apache HTTP server, Mozilla Web browser, and NetBeans IDE were studied. In these studies, three activities were found similar to the activities of the ISO/IEC Test Process Standard. However, major differences were observed in tasks related to each of the test process activities. To systematize the OSS test process, an Open Source Software Test Process Framework (OSS-TPF) is proposed. The alignment of OSS-TPF with the ISO/IEC Test Process Standard is illustrated.",10.1109/COMPSACW.2012.87
1482,Article,A Customer Value Creation Framework for Businesses That Generate Revenue   with Open Source Software,"Technology entrepreneurs must create value for customers in order to   generate revenue. This article examines the dimensions of customer value   creation and provides a framework to help entrepreneurs, managers, and   leaders of open source projects create value, with an emphasis on   businesses that generate revenue from open source assets. The proposed   framework focuses on a firm's pre-emptive value offering (also known as   a customer value proposition). This is a firm's offering of the value it   seeks to create for a customer, in order to meet his or her   requirements.",NA
1483,InProceedings,A METHOD OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL   EQUATION MODEL FOR A CLOUD OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"At present, a cloud computing is attracting attention as a network   service to share the computing resources, i.e., networks, servers,   storage, applications, and services. Also, many open source softwares   are developed in all parts of the world, i.e, Firefox, Apache HTTP   server, Linux, Android, etc. Especially, we focus on a cloud computing   environment by using open source software such as Open Stack and   Eucalyptus because of the unify management of data, low cost. In this   paper, we propose a new approach to software reliability assessment   based on the stochastic differential equations in order to consider the   interesting aspect of the network status of cloud computing environment.   Also, we analyze actual software fault-count data to show numerical   examples of software reliability assessment considering the   characteristics of network environment.",NA
1484,InProceedings,A MODEL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING IN FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE   PROJECTS: A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects offer great opportunities   for students to learn and gain significant real-world experience.   However, there are few teaching and learning models which can help   educators guide and mentor students involvement in Open Source Software   projects. This paper presents an Open Source teaching and learning model   and summarizes pilot studies used to evaluate the model. Experiences and   lessons learnt in the implementation of the model shows one possible way   computer science educators can guide students' involvement in FOSS   projects and how this approach can be integrated into a formally   structured engineering curriculum.",NA
1485,InProceedings,A Novel Approach to Increase Efficiency of OSS/BSS Workflow Planning and   Design,"Nowadays, communication technologies and the range of mobile operator   services are changing extremely fast. This results in the need for   constant adaptation and expansion of OSS/BSS1 used in mobile operator   networks. Currently, adaptation and expansion strategies are poorly   formalized and validated. In current state-of-the-art approaches,   several iterations involving analysts and system architects are   necessary, resulting in time and money consuming service development.   The workflow design method proposed in this paper fills this gap. It   employs a well-defined workflow and analysis model for developing and   adapting OSS/BSS. The applicability of this novel approach is confirmed   by a prototypically implemented design software tool which has been   tested in a telecommunication enterprise. The developed tool provides   automation of service planning, computational independent workflow   design and its transformation into its realization model. The reduction   of development time and thus necessary financial input has been proven   based on our real-world experiments.",NA
1486,InProceedings,A Preliminary Analysis of Learning Awareness in FLOSS Projects,"It can be argued that participating in free/libre open source software FLOSS projects can have a positive effect in the contributor's learning process. The need to interact with other contributors, to read other people's code, write documentation, or use different tools, can motivate and implicitly foster learning. In order to validate this statement we design an appropriate questionnaire asking FLOSS contributors about their experience in FLOSS projects. In this paper, we illustrate how this questionnaire was designed and what we expect to learn from the answers. We conclude the paper with a preview of the results from three cases studies.",10.1007/978-3-642-54338-8_10
1487,InProceedings,A Survey on Open Source Software Testing Tools: A Preliminary Study in   2011,"Software Testing is a costly and time consuming process in software   development. Therefore, software testing tools are often deployed to   automate the process in order to reduce cost and improve efficiency.   However, many of them are proprietary and expensive. Hence, open source   software testing tools could be an appealing alternative. In this paper,   we survey the current states of open source software testing tools from   three aspects, namely, their availability for different programming   platforms and types testing activities, maintenance of the tools and   license limitations. From the 152 tools surveyed, we found that open   source software testing tools not only are widely available for popular   programming platforms, but also support a wide range of testing   activities. Furthermore, we also found that more than half of the tools   surveyed have been actively maintained and updated by the open source   communities. Finally, these tools have very few licensing limitations   for commercial use, customization and redistribution.",10.1117/12.920508
1488,Article,A genetic search of patterns of behaviour in OSS communities,"This paper proposes the identification of patterns of behaviour of open   source software (OSS) communities using factor analysis and their social   network analysis (SNA) features. OSS communities can be modelled as a   social network in which nodes represent the community members and arcs   represent the social interactions among them, and factor analysis is   able to provide the factors that explain the latent patterns of   behaviour. Due to the complexity of the problem and the high number of   SNA features that can be extracted, this paper proposes a genetic search   of an optimum subset of indicators leading to a group of latent patterns   of behaviour maximizing the explained data variance and the   interpretation of factors. Obtained results illustrate the feasibility   of the proposed framework to extract relevant information from a large   set of data. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.eswa.2012.05.083
1489,Article,A limited revolution - The distributional consequences of Open Source   Software in North America,"Open Source Software (OSS) has become an important alternative method of   organizing the production of software and has gained in popularity and   use because of its benefits and costs relative to the dominant   proprietary software model. In this paper, I use evidence from the   United States and Canada to examine the distribution of these benefits   and costs. I argue that although the rhetoric surrounding OSS is   supported empirically, the benefits of OSS have been limited because of   the way this technological project has evolved within its associated   policy environment. That is, although ostensibly neutral, the policies   and laws of both the U.S. and Canadian governments have tended to be   positioned implicitly against the use of OSS both in the public sector   and in the economy generally. In addition, OSS use and development   requires a set of skills that are absent in many instances or create   prohibitively high costs. Thus OSS is typically used by larger   organizations, and its development is restricted to a mostly male,   highly educated, high-income group of contributors. Therefore while the   benefits of OSS are real, the distribution of these benefits is skewed.   (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.techfore.2011.10.003
1493,Article,A structure for innovation reproduction in the Eclipse OSS ecosystem,"In Open Source Software (OSS) development community supported by   spontaneous volunteers, technical capabilities, hunger for fame and the   satisfaction of contribution are said to be motivating factor for   participation. In that community, vendors always play auxiliary roles,   and integrate the result of OSS into their business activities. However,   in the Eclipse OSS community, the main role of OSS development   activities is taken over by vendors. The relationship between   individuals and vendors is reversed. Therefore, it becomes important to   maintain the motivation of the development community, promote innovation   and link the activities to the profit of vendors. In other words,   management of co-creation and competition are being conducted at the   same time. This paper tries to clarify internal and external structures   in an OSS ecosystem led by vendors considering the Eclipse community as   one particular case. Also it constructs a co-creation model to promote   sustainable development for an OSS ecosystem.",10.1504/IJISD.2012.050867
1496,Article,ACTIVITY OF YUGOSLAV SECTIONS OF THE AMERICAN OFFICE OF STRATEGIC   SERVICES (OSS) IN NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHERN ITALY,"From the outbreak of the war, the United States strove to establish a   modern and efficient intelligence service. First, they founded the   Coordination of Information (COI) and subsequently, the Office of   Strategic Services - OSS), naming General William Donovan as head of   both. Right from the establishment of OSS, Donovan wanted to expand its   operations to North African and Mediterranean battlefields in order for   the American intelligence service to be able to direct special   operations against the Axis Powers in Yugoslavia from there. The setting   up of the bases required a considerable amount of effort and negotiation   with the British secret services, as they were used to defending their   own interests and leading intelligence position in the Balkans and would   not permit the OSS to operate independently in Yugoslavia. Donovan thus   established bases in Cairo and Bari, with a Yugoslav section operating   within each. The principal tasks of the two sections were to train the   personnel to be sent to Yugoslavia, to gather intelligence about   Yugoslavia, organise assistance and support for Yugoslav resistance   movements and compile intelligence obtained by the OSS from its missions   from the occupied Yugoslav territory. Aided initially by the government   in exile and later on by Partisan representatives in southern Italy, the   Yugoslav sections trained numerous Yugoslays many of who were Slovenes   and sent them back to Yugoslavia. These worked as wireless operators,   cryptographers and interpreters mostly between Slovene and Croatian   Partisans. Some Slovenes, American Slovenes in particular, carried out   the functions of mission chiefs or instructors in the Yugoslav sections   of the OSS. Although collaborators with the American intelligence   service made important contribution to the common struggle against the   Axis Powers, they were branded by the Partisan leadership towards the   end of the war and after it for having worked with the Americans.   Following the Tehran Conference in December 1943, the supply of aid for   the resistance movements was directed to support the Partisan movement.   Towards the end of the war and with the growth of the National   Liberation Movement (NOG) in Yugoslavia, the role of the Yugoslav   section gradually diminished It can be concluded that the activities of   the Yugoslav sections in Cairo and Bari significantly influenced the   development of resistance movements in Yugoslavia and Slovenia, both in   terms of organising aid as well as training and sending the American   missions to Yugoslavia.",NA
1497,InProceedings,ANATOMY OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECTS: EVOLVING DYNAMICS OF   INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE ECOLOGY.,"Open source software (OSS) has been studied as a popular example of open   innovation. Models used in open software development are innovative in   several ways, to the point that they are only recognized as valid models   at all since they have actually produced mature and stable software more   in a swift fashion. Some studies attempt to answer the OSS's development   model, way to produce the quality products and distributed development   model driven by motivated voluntary developers found in OSS. However,   they are usually focused on handful projects and often miss to represent   the whole world of OSS development. We analyze FLOSSMetrics database and   SourceForge repository. By examining these, we attempt to identify 1)   factual landscape of OSS projects, 2) correlation between different   measures including developers' activities and consumers' interests. This   analysis is also supplemented by empirical research on world re-known   OSS projects to identify the implication of vendor-led OSS projects. We   find that OSS projects are hardly to be seen as loci of future open   innovation in several ways. We also conclude that prior belief which   altruistic developers donating time and effort for the common good is   highly romanticized view of open source software.",NA
1498,Article,Adoption of free/libre open source software in public organizations:   factors of impact,"Purpose - In this paper the authors aim to investigate the importance of   factors for the adoption of free/libre open source software (FLOSS) in   the public sector. They seek to evaluate how different factors impact   during the initiation and implementation phases of the adoption process.   Design/methodology/approach - The authors base the methodological   approach on two exploratory case studies with a contrasting result   logic. They build a multi-level framework grounded both on literature   review, and feedback from stakeholders. They then apply the framework to   two case studies to better frame the findings. They consider phases of   adoption (initiation, implementation) and the levels of adoption   (technological, organizational, environmental, individual).   Findings - In the case studies, the authors found the importance of a   strong and decision-centric management board to give the impulse for the   initiation phase of the process. As perceived by the stakeholders, a   strong governmental support is of paramount importance to increase the   adoption at the public level, although in the case studies examined the   initiation stage started from the impulse of a championing management.   Both case studies passed the initiation phase successfully. Continuous   employees' training, organizational objectives consensus, and business   process reengineering have been found important for the implementation   phase. In the case study in which these factors were not in place, the   implementation phase of adoption failed. Environmental factors -   although relevant for the initiation of the adoption process - are less   significant during the actual implementation of the adoption process, as   the contrasting result logic from the case studies shows.   Research limitations/implications - The study refers to two public   organizations in a specific environmental setting. No causality among   factors has been inferred. Quantitative objective data have been used to   determine the success of adoption, for qualitative data multiple sources   have been used when possible to limit threats to validity.   Practical implications - The framework can be used by stakeholders in   public organizations to better frame their adoption strategies and to   compare results across institutions. Lessons learnt from the case   studies can be useful to drive future adoptions of FLOSS.   Originality/value - The framework combines phases of adoption and levels   making it possible to frame the analysis of the case studies. It has   been operationalized with a set of metrics, and with a protocol for the   case studies to increase replicability value.",10.1108/09593841211232677
1502,Article,Adoption of open source software in organizations: A socio-cognitive   perspective,"Open source software (OSS) is an important trend in the information   technology adoption landscape. It has received considerable attention in   the scientific literature, but mostly in the professional press. In   fact, there is much debate over its actual commercial and organizational   value. Since the public discourse accompanying an IT may influence   adoption decisions, it is important to consider IT specialists'   perceptions of the discourse on OSS. In this study, we investigated the   relationship between IT specialists' profiles, IT specialists' reception   of the public discourse on OSS, and their organizations' receptivity to   OSS. Drawing on the socio-cognitive perspective of IT innovation   adoption and the organizing vision theory, a survey of 271 IT   specialists was conducted to examine these issues. Our results indicate   that a majority of IT specialists in our sample are rather neutral about   the OSS concept conveyed in the public discourse. However, our sample   also comprises respondents with more extreme perceptions who can be   classified as either supporters or detractors. Our results indicate that   detractors have more years of experience but have been less exposed to   OSS than supporters, and that IT specialists' perceptions of the OSS   concept are positively associated with their organizations' openness to   OSS adoption and, to a lesser extent, with the existence of an   organizational policy that favors OSS adoption. Altogether, our findings   provide strong support for the organizing vision theory and the idea   that the popularity of an IT innovation concept favors the adoption of   the material IT innovation in organizations. By providing a preliminary   test of a nomological network of IT specialists' perceptions of the OSS   concept, our study offers insights as to why organizations may or may   not take OSS into account in their software procurement decisions. (C)   2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jsis.2012.05.004
1503,Article,An Algorithm for Gradual Patch Acceptance Detection in Open Source   Software Repository Mining,"Nowadays, software development societies have given more precedence to   Open Source Software (OSS). There is much research aimed at   understanding the OSS society to sustain the OSS product. To lead an OSS   project to a successful conclusion, researchers study how developers   change source codes called patches in project repositories. In existing   studies, we found an argument in the conventional patch acceptance   detection procedure. It was so simplified that it omitted important   cases from the analysis, and would lead researchers to wrong   conclusions. In this research, we propose an algorithm to overcome the   problem. To prove out our algorithm, we constructed a framework and   conducted two case studies. As a result, we came to a new and   interesting understanding of patch activities.",10.1587/transfun.E95.A.1478
1505,Article,An Enterprise Perspective on Customer Value Propositions for Open Source   Software,"Research on open source software (OSS) has examined value creation   primarily from the perspective of the individuals and suppliers that   create the software. The perspective of enterprise users who use and pay   for OSS has been largely neglected so far. Understanding what paying   customers want and how to create products and services they value is the   cornerstone of any business model. Therefore, research on what   enterprise users value in OSS is of paramount importance to OSS solution   suppliers; it can be used to create a new customer base and sustain an   existing one.   This study examines the value of OSS as perceived by enterprise   customers. Through an analysis of three literature streams (firm   participation in open source software, business models, and customer   value), a model on customer value creation was developed. Interviews   were conducted with nine decision makers from enterprises that use OSS   in operational projects. The key findings of this research are that: i)   the maturity of the software determines the degree to which customers   value their relationship with the supplier; ii) customers value   differentiating functionality and costs savings; and iii) switching   costs with OSS depend on the size, complexity, and dependencies of the   software itself. This research identifies the points of value that the   suppliers of OSS should focus on, and it points to the need for   marketing strategies that can demonstrate this value to enterprise   customers.",NA
1507,InProceedings,An Evolutionary Model of Enterprise Involvement in OSS: Understanding   the Dynamism in the Emerging Strategic Engineering Dimension of OSS,"The size of open source software (OSS) projects has grown to the scale   of an entire platform. Complete coverage of the platform facilitates and   increases the opportunity for a new paradigm to drive an OSS project, as   the strategic direction of an IT company. The author presents case   studies of enterprise involvement in OSS projects, such as MySQL,   Eclipse, Android and Chrome OS. Then, the author examines the aspects   that drive enterprise involvement in OSS. The author proposes a   four-stage transition model from shifts of focus in regard to enterprise   involvement in OSS. The author discusses the viewpoint of the strategic   evolution of OSS from lessons learned in the past.",NA
1508,InProceedings,An approach for evaluating FOSS projects for student participation,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) offers a transparent development environment and community in which to involve students. Students can learn much about software development and professionalism by contributing to an on-going project. However, the number of FOSS projects is very large and there is a wide range of size, complexity, domains, and communities, making selection of an ideal project for students difficult. This paper addresses the need for guidance when selecting a FOSS project for student involvement by presenting an approach for FOSS project selection based on clearly identified criteria. The approach is based on several years of experience involving students in FOSS projects.",10.1145/2157136.2157260
1511,InProceedings,Analyzing Measurements of the R Statistical Open Source Software,"Software quality is one of the main goals of effective programming.   Although it has a quite ambiguous meaning, quality can be measured by   several metrics, which have been appropriately formulated through the   years. Software measurement is a particularly important procedure, as it   provides meaningful information about the software artifact. This   procedure is even more emerging when we refer to open source software,   where the need for shared knowledge is crucial for the maintenance and   evolution of the code. A paradigm of open source project where code   quality is especially important is the scientific language R. This paper   aims to perform measurements on the R statistical open source software,   examine the relationships among the observed metrics and special   attributes of the R software and search for certain characteristics that   define its behavior and structure. For this purpose, a random sample of   508 R packages has been downloaded from the CRAN repository of R and has   been measured, using the SourceMonitor metrics tool. The resulted   measurements, along with a significant number of specific attributes of   the R packages, were examined and analyzed, leading to interesting   conclusions such as the validity of a power law distribution regarding   the majority of the sample's metrics and the absence of specific   patterns due to the interdependencies among packages. Finally, the   effects of the number of developers and the number of dependencies are   investigated, in order to understand their impact on the metrics of the   sample packages.",10.1109/SEW.2012.7
1513,InProceedings,Applying Centrality Measures to the Behavior Analysis of Developers in   Open Source Software Community,"In this paper, we firstly create developer networks by affiliation   between projects and developers, and then, with respect to social   network analysis, take an approach to empirically study the new   developers' behavior and the relationship with the centrality measures.   We find that most of new developers choose to cooperate with each other   initially, but more collaboration are established between new developers   and existing developers, and more new collaboration are developed   between existing developers who have never collaborated with each other   than those have collaborated before. In addition we suggest that new   developers prior to cooperate with high betweenness centrality or degree   centrality and then closeness centrality, discuss that centrality   measures can use to guide the preferential collaboration of OSS   community.",10.1109/CGC.2012.50
1515,InProceedings,Applying Evolution programming Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE)   in Selecting the Best Open Source Software Maintainability Metrics,"The nature of an Open Source Software development paradigm forces   individual practitioners and organization to adopt software through   trial and error approach. This leads to the problems of coming across   software and then abandoning it after realizing its lack of important   qualities to suit their requirements or facing negative challenges in   maintaining the software. These contributed by lack of recognizing   guidelines to lead the practitioners in selecting out of the dozens   available metrics, the best metric(s) to measure quality OSS. In this   study, the novel results provide the guidelines that lead to the   development of metrics model that can select the best metric(s) to   predict maintainability of Open Source Software.",NA
1516,Article,Biogem: an effective tool-based approach for scaling up open source   software development in bioinformatics,"Biogem provides a software development environment for the Ruby   programming language, which encourages community-based software   development for bioinformatics while lowering the barrier to entry and   encouraging best practices.   Biogem, with its targeted modular and decentralized approach, software   generator, tools and tight web integration, is an improved general model   for scaling up collaborative open source software development in   bioinformatics.",10.1093/bioinformatics/bts080
1517,InProceedings,Biological Mutualistic Models Applied to Study Open Source Software   Development,"The evolution of the Web has allowed the generation of several platforms   for collaborative work. One of the main contributors to these advances   is the Open Source initiative, in which projects are boosted to a new   level of interaction and cooperation that improves their software   quality and reliability.   In order to understand how the group of contributors interacts with the   software under development, we propose a novel methodology that adapts   Lotka-Volterra-based biological models used for host-parasite   interaction. In that sense, we used the concept mutualism from social   parasites.   Preliminary results based on experiments on the Github collaborative   platform showed that Open Source phenomena can be modeled as a   mutualistic system, in terms of the evolution of the population of   developers and repositories.",10.1109/WI-IAT.2012.228
1519,Article,"CACTI: Free, Open-Source Software for the Sequential Coding of   Behavioral Interactions","The sequential analysis of client and clinician speech in psychotherapy   sessions can help to identify and characterize potential mechanisms of   treatment and behavior change. Previous studies required coding systems   that were time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. Existing software   can be expensive and inflexible, and furthermore, no single package   allows for pre-parsing, sequential coding, and assignment of global   ratings. We developed a free, open-source, and adaptable program to meet   these needs: The CASAA Application for Coding Treatment Interactions   (CACTI). Without transcripts, CACTI facilitates the real-time sequential   coding of behavioral interactions using WAV-format audio files. Most   elements of the interface are user-modifiable through a simple XML file,   and can be further adapted using Java through the terms of the GNU   Public License. Coding with this software yields interrater   reliabilities comparable to previous methods, but at greatly reduced   time and expense. CACTI is a flexible research tool that can simplify   psychotherapy process research, and has the potential to contribute to   the improvement of treatment content and delivery.",10.1371/journal.pone.0039740
1520,Article,Can Free (and Open Source) Software and Data be Used to Underpin a   Self-Paced Tutorial on Spatial Databases?,"University College London's Department of Civil, Environmental and   Geomatic Engineering (CEGE) offers a number of Masters programmes in   topics related to Geomatics, including Surveying, Hydrographic   Surveying, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Science. Data   management, and in particular the technology and applications of Spatial   Databases, forms a key part of the curriculum on these courses. Interest   in Spatial Databases is, however, more widespread especially with the   increasing understanding of the relevance of geospatial techniques to   fields as diverse as anthropology and architecture. This article   describes the development and evaluation of a self-paced hands-on course   on Databases and Spatial Databases for CEGE students, presented to   students to complement and enhance in-class teaching. The article   focuses on both pedagogical elements of self-paced learning and the   suitability of Free and Open Source Software and Open Data   (PostgreSQL/PostGIS, Quantum GIS, Open Street Map) for the Spatial   Databases curriculum. The resulting material was evaluated by a cohort   of 25 students in 2010, and their feedback (very positive) and the   overall results provide an interesting insight into suitable methods to   employ when teaching technical subjects to a cohort having differing   background skill levels.",10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01321.x
1522,InProceedings,Challenges of OSS Development in Developing Countries: Case of Iran,"Open Source Software (OSS) could be a potential alternative for ICT   growth in less developed and developing countries. This approach could   provide developing countries with many benefits like: saving in cost of   development, higher quality, providing opportunity for knowledge and   technology transfer etc. In spite of this potential benefits, statistics   about success of OSS projects in developing countries is not promising.   This paper investigates the main challenges and difficulties which we   recognized as the major obstacles in OSS development in developing   countries. We conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with three   different groups of experts in open source projects and through in-depth   analysis of interviews recognized eight different categories of   challenges that overcoming them can greatly improve the progress of OSS   in Iran.",NA
1524,InProceedings,Collaborative Design Tools: A Comparison between Free Software and PLM   Solutions in Engineering Education,"The shift from sequential to concurrent engineering has led to changes   in the way design projects are managed. In order to assist designers,   many effective tools have been developed to support collaborative   engineering, whose implementation is perceived as complex. Nowadays,   industrial scenarios encourage companies to adopt PLM solutions, even   if, sometimes, they can't understand the benefits. On the other hand,   many free solutions with comparable functionalities are developed, which   have been increasingly successful.   In this article, we test different associations of software to make a   comparison between free software and market solutions. In this   experiment, 24 students in a Master's Degree course aimed to design   mechanical products by using software to assist collaborative   distributed design, using two different configurations. This experiment   allowed us to compare design functionalities between free and commercial   solutions, in order to determine ways to improve efficiency in a   collaborative distributed design situation. Finally, the feedback   generated in this experiment allowed us to adapt training practices in   engineering education.",NA
1526,InProceedings,Community matters most: factors that affect participant satisfaction with free/libre and open source software projects,"Over the last 20 years, many free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) packages have been developed for library and information management (LIM) applications. These projects usually involve a distributed community of users and developers who jointly determine the software's future development. This paper presents the results of a web-based survey that examined which factors affect participant satisfaction with FLOSS projects. A total of 183 usable responses were received from people in 33 countries, representing over 30 different LIM FLOSS projects. Stepwise hierarchical regression showed that five factors (perceived project openness, perceived developer communication quality, perceived complexity, extent of participation, and perceived product openness) accounted for 44% of the variance in satisfaction. Community-oriented characteristics had the most influence, suggesting that in a FLOSS context, project participants need to focus on community development and support to increase overall satisfaction with the project.",10.1145/2132176.2132206
1527,InProceedings,Contribution of Gender towards Open Source Software: A Preliminary Study,"Open Source Software (OSS) innovation process has become a prominent   phenomenon on how software is developed. Yet, gender issues in software   industry seem to be duplicated in OSS innovation process. This paper   discusses preliminary findings to address the lacuna in the area of OSS   innovation process and gender. The study is guided by Social   Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory and Feminist theory. This study   offer insights for OSS community, not only the benefit towards gender   and minorities but familiarizing them with the dynamics, issues and   challenges related to OSS innovation thus enhanced their understanding   of gender's and minorities' contribution in OSS innovation.",NA
1528,InCollection,Creativity and the Community Reflexivity and Creation in the   Free/Libre/Open Source Software Community,NA,NA
1529,Article,Dangers in {Mismanaging} the {Factors} {Affecting} the {Operational} {Self}-{Sustainability} ({OSS}) of {Indian} {Microfinance} {Institutions} ({MFIs}) - {An} {Exploration} into {Indian} {Microfinance} {Crisis},"This paper identifies the factors affecting the operational self-sustainability (OSS) of Indian Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) using multiple regression analysis. It shows revenue generation factor, cost efficiency factor and growth factor to have a positive influence on the OSS of Indian MFIs. Adjusted impairment loan loss allowance ratio, a portfolio risk factor and average loan size per borrower, a development factor, are seen to have a negative influence on OSS of Indian MFIs. The results thus infer five significant factors that Indian MFI managers must concentrate on to enhance the OSS of their organizations. The authors then discuss how mismanaging these five factors can deviate an MFI from its social goal of poverty alleviation. The crisis in Indian microfinance industry is explored to unveil the dangers involved in mismanagement of these factors. The paper concludes by stating that it is imperative for Indian MFI managers to introspect about their lending and recovery practices, so as to ensure that they manage the factors affecting their OSS, without exploiting the poor clientele.",NA
1530,InProceedings,Developer-Led Adoption of Open Source Software Libraries: A Conceptual   Model,"Researchers have historically viewed Open Source Software (OSS) as a   homogenous group of technologies and assumed adoption behaviors are   uniform among OSS types. Focus on specific OSS types is rare and OSS   libraries, in particular, have been underrepresented. This paper   recognizes the unique characteristics of OSS libraries and notes that   their adoption may receive less organizational scrutiny than other   software packages. A conceptual model based on an augmented theory of   Task Technology Fit (TTF) is offered to provide insight into OSS library   adoption. If supported, this model represents not only a theoretical   contribution to the OSS literature, but a source of actionable   information for practitioners engaged in software development.",NA
1531,InProceedings,Developing an H-index for OSS developers,"The public data available in Open Source Software (OSS) repositories has been used for many practical reasons: detecting community structures; identifying key roles among developers; understanding software quality; predicting the arousal of bugs in large OSS systems, and so on; but also to formulate and validate new metrics and proof-of-concepts on general, non-OSS specific, software engineering aspects.One of the results that has not emerged yet from the analysis of OSS repositories is how to help the ""career advancement"" of developers: given the available data on products and processes used in OSS development, it should be possible to produce measurements to identify and describe a developer, that could be used externally as a measure of recognition and experience.This paper builds on top of the h-index, used in academic contexts, and which is used to determine the recognition of a researcher among her peers. By creating similar indices for OSS (or any) developers, this work could help defining a baseline for measuring and comparing the contributions of OSS developers in an objective, open and reproducible way.",NA
1532,InProceedings,Development and Implementation of a Nordic Grid Model for Power System   Small-Signal and Transient Stability Studies in a Free and Open Source   Software,This article presents an implementation of a Nordic grid model in Power   System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) -a free and open-source software. A newly   developed hydro turbine and hydro governor (HTG) model is implemented   with this grid model and compared with the currently available PSAT   turbine and governor models. Small-signal and transient stability   analyses of the system using the two models are carried out and compared   to demonstrate the difference and necessity of accurate hydro turbine   and governor model utilization. The paper ends with a validation of the   linearized Nordic grid model generated by PSAT including the newly   implemented HTG models. This validation is done through nonlinear   time-domain simulation by applying both large and small disturbances.,NA
1533,Article,Development and implementation of hydro turbine and governor models in a   free and open source software package,"This article studies accurate and detailed hydro turbine and governor   models, and implements these models in Power System Analysis Toolbox   (PSAT)-a free and open source software. The implementation of these   models in PSAT is approached using a general methodology, which is   described in detail. To evaluate the performances of the developed hydro   turbine and governor models, simulation studies are carried out on test   systems of different scales, from a single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB)   system to a larger system which includes 20 generators. Further more,   transient stability analysis and small signal stability analysis are   carried out to assess the performance of the implemented models. (C)   2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.simpat.2012.02.005
1534,InProceedings,Development of an Automatic Optical Inspection System for Defect   Detection of Dental Floss Picks,"This study aims to make improvements in manufacturing yields for dental   floss picks, through deploying automated quality inspection processes.   By using computerized visual inspection and automatic controls, this   study explores standardization and automation of inspection work for the   three major defects affecting dental floss picks and dental floss   fibers. Among the industrial design solutions implemented by this study   are environmentally efficacious layout of light sources, optimal   configuration of optical imaging and automated equipment, and the design   and development of a proprietary defect detection program; moreover, an   automatic optical inspection (AOI) system, which can be installed in the   production lines, is built for verification. As for verification of   detected defects, trial operations can be conducted on production lines   and adjusted to optimal parameters in order to measure floss fiber   defects with an area larger than 0.09mm(2), impurity defects with   gray-scale difference greater than 35, and shortage defects with lengths   greater than 3mm. Statistical analysis of practical measurement results   on ten dental floss picks indicated system detection rates of 93.1\\% for   floss fiber defects, 56.2\\% for impurity defects and 84.4\\% for shortage   defects.",NA
1535,Article,Digital Convergence and Free Open Source Software in the EHEA. Some   experiences with Gretl,"The use of Free Open Source Software (FOSS) provides outstanding   advantages in the university context, becoming especially clear in the   new framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The main   characteristics of FOSS (free use of programs, access to the source   code, study and adaptation, distribution of copies and implementation of   improvements that benefit all the community) appear related to   competences as creativity, teamwork or adaptation to new situations.   This paper examines the role of the free software in the university   context, mainly emphasizing its potential to reduce the existing digital   divide, and also showing some recent experiences.",10.7203/attic.8.938
1536,Article,"Division of Effort, Productivity, Quality, and Relationships in FLOSS   Virtual Teams: Evidence from the FreeBSD Project","Research in virtual teams and distributed work argues that the lack of   collocation places an overhead on the performance potential of large,   globally distributed teams. In this paper, we revisit this tenet through   a case study of Free/Libre Open Source Software ( FLOSS) development to   demonstrate how globally dispersed FLOSS communities manage to overcome   the problem of geographic separation of their members. Our results show   that successful FLOSS teams demonstrate a truly global distribution of   members, who perform different types of work so as to achieve consistent   round-the-clock development, without any apparent ill effects on team   productivity and the quality of the resulting outcomes. Cooperation   between team members is abundant, especially at more complex work items,   and does not seem to be affected by distance; only mentoring   relationships appear in some cases to be easier to cultivate between   individuals living closer together. These findings challenge the   conventional wisdom of research in distributed work, in cases where   virtual teams consist of highly skilled and motivated individuals, who   leverage the power of communication technologies to overcome problems   associated with physical distance.",NA
1538,Article,Does free/open source software enable new forms of entrepreneurship? {An} analysis of the start-ups created to exploit the business opportunities stemming from free/open source software,"Many scholars have examined the free/open source software (FLOSS) strategies of large software houses. However, few studies have focused on the start-ups that enter the market just to exploit the new business opportunities stemming from the freely available technological knowledge developed by the FLOSS community (FLOSS-based start-ups). This paper aims to fill this gap by providing descriptive evidence about these firms. We address two main research questions: 1) What are the main features of FLOSS-based start-ups?; 2) What is their innovation process? We show that FLOSS-based start-ups follow a typical open innovation model that enables them to serve market niches that large incumbents are not structurally able to cover, profiting from the local production, distribution, and use of technological knowledge. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1539,Article,Dynamic Models of Affiliation and the Network Structure of Problem   Solving in an Open Source Software Project,"Two-mode networks are used to describe dual patterns of association   between distinct social entities through their joint involvement in   categories, activities, issues, and events. In empirical organizational   research, the analysis of two-mode networks is typically accomplished   either by (a) decomposition of the dual structure into its two unimodal   components defined in terms of indirect relations between entities of   the same kind or (b) direct statistical analysis of individual two-mode   dyads. Both strategies are useful, but neither is fully satisfactory. In   this article, the authors introduce newly developed stochastic   actor-based models for two-mode networks that may be adopted to redress   the limitations of current analytical strategies. The authors specify   and estimate the model in the context of data they have collected on the   dual association between software developers and software problems   observed during a complete release cycle of an open source software   project. The authors discuss the general methodological implications of   the models for organizational research based on the empirical analysis   of two-mode networks.",10.1177/1094428111430541
1541,Article,ENABLERS OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE ADOPTION: A CASE STUDY OF APS   ORGANISATIONS,"Despite a considerable body of literature investigating factors involved   in the Open Source Software (OSS) adoption process, there is little   research into adoption of OSS by public sector organisations. So it was   important to reassess the factors enabling OSS adoption in order to   enhance OSS utilization within public sector organisations. This study   explored various factors that may enable OSS adoption within Australian   Public Sector (APS) organisations by interviewing those involved in   software procurement. The findings were analysed through the lens of   administrative complexity associated with OSS adoption. Success of OSS   in government agencies was found to be contingent on critical aspects   such as availability of support and maintainability of OSS products,   ability to meet organisational business needs in a cost effective   manner, economic value associated with OSS such as maintenance and   training costs, and attitude of staff toward OSS. The findings suggested   that value for money and fit for purpose criteria described in   Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines were the major enablers of OSS   adoption.",10.3127/ajis.v17i2.731
1543,InProceedings,EVOSS: A Tool for Managing the Evolution of Free and Open Source   Software Systems,"Software systems increasingly require to deal with continuous evolution.   In this paper we present the EVOSS tool that has been defined to support   the upgrade of free and open source software systems. EVOSS is composed   of a simulator and of a fault detector component. The simulator is able   to predict failures before they can affect the real system. The fault   detector component has been defined to discover inconsistencies in the   system configuration model. EVOSS improves the state of the art of   current tools, which are able to predict a very limited set of upgrade   faults, while they leave a wide range of faults unpredicted.",NA
1545,InProceedings,Empirically Examining the Parallelizability of Open Source Software System,"An empirical study is presented that examines the potential to automatically parallelism, using refactoring tools and/or compilers, 11 open source software. Static analysis methods are applied to each system to determine the number of for-loops and free-loops (i.e., loops that can be parallized). For each non-free loop the various inhibitors (to parallelization) are determined and counted. The results show that function calls within for-loops represent the vast majority of inhibitors and thus pose the greatest roadblock to adapt and re-engineer systems to better utilize parallelization. This is somewhat contradictory to the literature, which is focused primarily on the removal of data dependencies within loops. Additionally, the historical data of inhibitor counts for the set of systems is presented over a ten-year period. The data shows few of the systems examined are increasing the potential to parallelizable loops over time.",10.1109/WCRE.2012.47
1548,InProceedings,Evaluating an early software engineering course with projects and tools from open source software,"We developed a software engineering course that emphasizes code maintenance and evolution by having students reverse engineer and modify open-source projects. To evaluate whether this course had the desired effects on student learning, we analyze pre- and post-course survey data using qualitative methods. This analysis, in combination with other data, suggests that the students gained an appreciation and understanding of software maintenance, documentation, and tool use.",10.1145/2361276.2361279
1549,InProceedings,Evolution of Features and their Dependencies - An Explorative Study in   OSS,"Release Planning is the process of decision making about what features   are to be implemented (or revised) in which release of a software   product. While release planning for proprietary software products is   well-studied, little investigation has been performed for open source   products. Various types of feature dependencies are known to impact both   the planning and the subsequent maintenance process. In this paper, we   provide the basic layout of a method to formulate and analyze feature   dependencies defined at the code level. Dependencies are de fined from   evolutionary analysis of the commit graph of OSS code development and   syntactical dependencies. We demonstrate our method with an explorative   study of an open source project, the Spring Framework. From the analysis   of the development cycles of two major releases over forty-one months,   we could correlate late, increased feature dependencies with an   increased number for subsequent improvements and bug fixes.",10.1145/2372251.2372270
1551,InProceedings,Exploiting the FLOSS paradigm in collaborative e-learning: application to e-government,"Modern societies face high demands for skilled professionals, able to successfully design, deploy and utilize complex Information Technology (IT) --enabled socio-technical systems at ever-increasing levels of reliability and security. Contrary to traditional education practices, the high-level training required to fulfill this demand should rely on the principle that the learners are themselves responsible for their learning process, that they have control over this process, and that the process aims at developing cross-disciplinary and problem-driven competences, not only at acquiring content knowledge. However, such training requires the presence of a highly interactive, problem-oriented environment for technology-supported learning (or e-learning). This poster presents a doctoral research project, which aims at designing, validating and monitoring a collaborative e-learning environment based on the principles of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). In order to validate its outcomes, the project will rely on two real-life professional training programs: in Software Engineering for software managers and in e-Government for public managers. The poster presents the objectives, research methodology and expected results from this project.",10.1145/2463728.2463825
1552,Article,Exploring the determinants of the OSS market potential: The case of the   Apache web server,"A theoretical framework is proposed for the better understanding of the   OSS global diffusion. Following a case study approach, the Apache web   server's market potential is estimated, forecasted and examined in terms   of the socio-economic factors determining its diffusion, across   different economic environments in developed versus developing   countries. Market saturation is explored under the prism of three   theoretical perspectives: the institutional, the endogenous and the   exogenous growth theories. Findings suggest that Apache market   saturation levels depend on both endogenous and exogenous to a country   factors and that institutional quality plays an important role to the   market potential. Implications for theory and public policy are   discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.telpol.2011.11.018
1554,InCollection,Extreme scale clinical analytics with open source software,"Knowledge is at the root of understanding all symptoms, diagnosing every   ailment, and curing every disease. This knowledge comes from the deep   studies performed by research organizations and diligent healthcare   workers who contribute to documenting and responsibly sharing their   observations. Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009   (ARRA {[}1]), the industry was incented to implement electronic medical   record systems that capture more information than ever before. When   billions of medical records converge within a secure network, the baton   will be handed to analytics systems to make use of the data; are they   ready? This chapter explores what the next-generation software   infrastructure for clinical analytics looks like. We discuss integration   frameworks, workflow pipelines, and `Big Data' storage and processing   solutions such as NoSQL and Hadoop, and conclude with a vision of how   clinical analytics must evolve if it is to handle the recent explosion   in human health data.",NA
1555,Article,FOSS geospatial libraries in scientific workflow environments:   experiences and directions,"In multiple research fields such as astronomy, bio-informatics,   chem-informatics, geophysics and eco-informatics, scientists are   increasingly turning to e-science and specifically scientific workflows   as a way of improving, broadening, hastening and sharing their results.   Enhanced collaboration, ad hoc access to tools, data and   high-performance processing facilities are some of the gains to be made.   Scientific workflows are concerned with, amongst others, supporting the   repeatability and provenance of experiments. In context of three sets of   research (wildfire research, flood modelling and the linking of disease   outbreaks to multi-scale environmental conditions), we describe our   efforts to provide geospatial capability for scientific workflow   software environments to support researchers in exploring, integrating   and visualising earth observation and geographic data in conjunction   with other research data. We note that functionalities for data ingest   (raster and vector), data transformation (reprojection and   simplification), data export and spatial overlay operations commonly are   required. We find a relative lack of support for geospatial data,   services and these functions within several Free and Open Source   Software (FOSS) scientific workflow packages. Furthermore, we highlight   some software development and data encoding challenges faced when   utilising various FOSS geospatial libraries within these scientific   workflow environments. Finally, we offer suggestions for improving the   integration of geospatial data as well as processing and analysis   software tools into such environments.",10.1007/s12518-011-0062-0
1556,InProceedings,Factors Influencing the use of Web 2.0 and Free Open Source Software to   Optimize eLearning,"This paper discusses factors that influence the use of the Web 2.0 and   Free Open Source Software (FOSS) to optimize eLearning. The study used   the methodology of textual analysis to determine those factors that have   been identified in related literature according to their frequency of   appearance. A set of thirty six factors, wherein each of these factors   has a frequency that is greater than a threshold of two was considered   for further analysis. The analytic structural equation modelling method   was applied to determine the importance of these factors in the   optimization of eLearning using Web 2.0 and FOSS. Results indicated that   technological factors when mediated by adoption are predominant for   influencing the use of Web 2.0 and FOSS in the optimization of   eLearning. This study serves as a cornerstone for those institutions   that would like to leverage on Web 2.0 and FOSS for eLearning.",NA
1557,Article,Factors affecting the success of Open Source Software,"With the rapid rise in the use of Open Source Software (OSS) in all   types of applications, it is important to know which factors can lead to   OSS success. OSS projects evolve and transform over time; therefore   success must be examined longitudinally over a period of time. In this   research, we examine two measures of project success: project popularity   and developer activity, of 283 OSS projects over a span of 3 years, in   order to observe changes over time. A comprehensive research model of   OSS success is developed which includes both extrinsic and intrinsic   attributes. Results show that while many of the hypothesized   relationships are supported, there were marked differences in some of   the relationships at different points in time lending support to the   notion that different factors need to be emphasized as the OSS project   unfolds over time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.010
1559,InProceedings,Features of complex networks in a free-software operating system,"We propose a mathematical model to fit the degree distribution of   directed dependency networks in free and open-source software. In this   complex system, the intermediate scales of both the in-directed and   out-directed dependency networks follow a power-law trend (specifically   Zipf's law). Deviations from this feature are found both for the highly   linked nodes, and the poorly linked nodes. This is due to finite-size   effects in the networks, and the parameters needed to model finite-size   behaviour make a quantitative distinction between the in-directed and   out-directed networks. We also provide a model to describe the dynamic   evolution of the network, and account for its saturation in the   long-time limit.",10.1088/1742-6596/365/1/012058
1560,InProceedings,Fermi Offline Software: The Pros and Cons of Reusing Free Software,"The Fermi Gamma-ray Observatory, including the Large Area Telescope   (LAT), was launched June 11, 2008. We are a relatively small   collaboration, with a maximum of 25 software developers in our heyday.   Within the LAT collaboration we support Red Hat Linux, Windows, and are   moving towards Mac OS as well for offline simulation, reconstruction and   analysis tools. Early on it was decided to use one software system to   run our simulations as well as ultimately handle the event processing   for real data. We leveraged many existing HEP external libraries   (Geant4, Gaudi Framework, ROOT, CLHEP, CMT) to ease the burden on our   developers. This strategy of re-using existing software helped us pull   together our system quickly and test during our beam tests and data   challenges. Now, after launch, we are in a new phase of the project,   where we must move forward to support modern operating systems and   compilers to get us through the life of the mission. This means   upgrading our external libraries as well, which are not under our direct   control. Meanwhile, it is crucial to our production system that we   carefully orchestrate all upgrades to insure stability. An additional   hurtle is that our number of active developers has dwindled   dramatically. Many of those left are Windows developers reliant on the   Visual Studio development environment, while our user base and   production system depend on our Linux distributions. There have been a   number of lessons learned, with undoubtedly more to come.",10.1088/1742-6596/396/5/052042
1561,Article,Free and Open Source Software versus Internet content filtering and   censorship: A case study,"This study critically investigates the main characteristics and features   of anti-filtering packages provided by Free and Open Source Software   (FOSS). For over a decade, the digital communities around the globe have   used FOSS packages not only as an inexpensive way to access to   information available on Internet, but also to disseminate thoughts,   opinions and concerns about various socio-political and economic   matters. Proxy servers and FOSS played a vital role in helping citizens   in repressed countries to bypass the state imposed Internet content   filtering and censorship practices. On the one hand, proxy servers act   as redirectors to websites, and on the other hand, many of these servers   are the main source for downloading FOSS anti-filtering software   packages. These packages can provide secure web surfing via anonymous   web access, data encryption. IP address masking, location concealment,   browser history and cookie clean-ups but they also provide proxy   software updates as well as domain name updates.   The main objectives of this study are to investigate the role of FOSS   packages in combating Internet content filtering and censorship and   empowering citizens to effectively participate in communication   discourse. By evaluating some of the well known FOSS anti-filtering   packages used by Iran's digital community, this study found that despite   the success of FOSS in combating filtering and state censorship, the   majority of these software packages were not designed to meet the needs   of Internet users. In particular, they are poorly adapted to the slow   Internet connections in many developing countries such as Iran. In   addition, these software packages do not meet the level of   sophistication used by authorities to filter the content of the Net.   Therefore, this study offers a new model that takes into account not   only the existing level of the Internet infrastructure but also the   growing number of Internet users demanding more effective FOSS packages   for faster access to uncensored information while maintaining anonymity.   (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.1007
1563,InCollection,Free and open source software for web-based collaboration,"The ability to collaborate and share knowledge is critical within the   life sciences industry where business pressures demand reduced   development times and virtualisation of project teams. Web-based   collaboration tools such as wikis, blogs, social bookmarking,   microblogging, etc. can provide solutions to these challenges. In this   chapter we shall examine the use of FLOSS for web-based collaboration   against the backdrop of a software assessment framework. This framework   describes the different phases associated with an evolutionary model for   the introduction of new IT capabilities to an enterprise. We illustrate   each phase of this framework by presenting a use-case and the key   learnings from the work.",NA
1566,Article,Free/Libre Open-Source Software Development: What We Know and What We Do   Not Know,"We review the empirical research on Free/Libre and Open-Source Software   (FLOSS) development and assess the state of the literature. We develop a   framework for organizing the literature based on the   input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model from the small groups   literature. We present a quantitative summary of articles selected for   the review and then discuss findings of this literature categorized into   issues pertaining to inputs (e.g., member characteristics, technology   use, and project characteristics), processes (software development   practices, social processes, and firm involvement practices), emergent   states (e.g., social states and task-related states), and outputs (e.g.   team performance, FLOSS implementation, and project evolution). Based on   this review, we suggest topics for future research, as well as identify   methodological and theoretical issues for future inquiry in this area,   including issues relating to sampling and the need for more longitudinal   studies.",10.1145/2089125.2089127
1568,Article,Geospatial analysis for conservation: applications with open-source   software in the Natural Parks of Barcelona,"We describe some applications of geospatial analysis in which   open-source software has been prevalent, with the aim of presenting   examples of operational use and discussing past and current limitations.   The examples are extracted from a sequence of projects carried out in   Natural Parks of the Province of Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain),   including the use of calibrated satellite vegetation index to monitor   recovery after fire, multi-criteria analysis to rank abandoned fields   for restoration, generalization of vegetation maps using a   double-criteria hierarchical clustering, and planning and initial   evaluation of aerial campaigns with a small remote-controlled aerial   vehicle. Our use of open-source software steadily increased through this   sequence of projects, with the R language and environment for   statistical computing occupying a central position in our set of tools,   but our applications also made use of proprietary software.",10.1007/s12518-012-0079-z
1569,Article,Governance of Open Source Software Foundations: Who Holds the Power?,"The research reported in this article attempts to discover who holds the   power in open source software foundations through the analysis of   governance documents. Artificial neural network analysis is used to   analyse the content of the bylaws of six open source foundations (   Apache, Eclipse, GNOME, Plone, Python, and SPI) for the purpose of   identifying power structures. Results of the research suggest that: i)   the actions of an open source software foundation are centered around   one of three groups: Members, Chairman/President/Executive Director, and   Board of Directors; ii) in only one of the six foundations is the Board   of Directors responsible for both the community and the product; and   iii) artificial neural network analysis of the content of bylaws   provides unbiased insights of the power structure of open source   software foundations. These results may prove useful to those who   contribute to open source foundations and use their products and   services.",NA
1571,Article,Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis,"In this article, we review special features of Gwyddion-a modular,   multiplatform, open-source software for scanning probe microscopy data   processing, which is available at http.//gwyddion.net/. We describe its   architecture with emphasis on modularity and easy integration of the   provided algorithms into other software. Special functionalities, such   as data processing from non-rectangular areas, grain and particle   analysis, and metrology support are discussed as well. It is shown that   on the basis of open-source software development, a fully functional   software package can be created that covers the needs of a large part of   the scanning probe microscopy user community.",10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2
1572,Article,HACKING THE GLOBAL Constructing markets and commons through free   software,"This paper explores software's pivotal role in the power dynamics of   contemporary capitalism. The author theorizes Free Software as a new   form of property that is infecting capitalism like a virus, challenging   the system of private property central to its dominant logic. Free   Software can be produced by developers working for free in peer   communities or in profit-oriented firms. The author explores the   conditions under which Free Software is produced through peer versus   market-based production, emphasizing the implications for constructing   the Free Software market and the digital commons. The author identifies   actors' motivations, the organizational structure of production, and   financial resources as three factors shaping these conditions. The   author focuses on the case of Ubuntu, a Free Software operating system   that is available free of charge on the Internet. Ubuntu is produced by   Canonical, a Free Software, market-based firm, through an intriguing   combination of market-based and peer production that both embodies and   transforms capitalist practices.",10.1080/1369118X.2012.665938
1573,Article,HCS-Analyzer: open source software for high-content screening data   correction and analysis,"High-throughput screening is a powerful technology principally used by   pharmaceutical industries allowing the identification of molecules of   interest within large libraries. Originally target based, cellular   assays provide a way to test compounds (or other biological material   such as small interfering RNA) in a more physiologically realistic in   vitro environment. High-content screening (HCS) platforms are now   available at lower cost, giving the opportunity for universities or   research institutes to access those technologies for research purposes.   However, the amount of information extracted from each experiment is   multiplexed and hence difficult to handle. In such context, there is an   important need for an easy-to-use, but still powerful software able to   manage multidimensional screening data by performing adapted quality   control and classification. HCS-analyzer includes: a user-friendly   interface specifically dedicated to HCS readouts, an automated approach   to identify systematic errors potentially occurring during screening and   a set of tools to classify, cluster and identify phenotypes of interest   among large and multivariate data.",10.1093/bioinformatics/bts288
1574,Article,Has open source software been institutionalized in organizations or not?,"Almost a decade ago, researchers in information systems and analysts of the information technology (IT) industry were predicting a bright future for open source software (OSS). Recent examples appear to lend support to this, but there exist many detractors of OSS and resistance to the transformation it creates. Thus, it is relevant to take a closer look at the institutionalization of OSS. This paper evaluates the extent of OSS institutionalization in organizations. A practice or innovation is said to be institutionalized when it is taken-for-granted and its use becomes the norm. Drawing on institutional theory, the underlying concept of organizing vision and the rhetorical theory of diffusion of innovations, the authors analyze OSS institutionalization through the observation of the evolution of the public discourse about OSS and, simultaneously, the observation of the rate of adoption or diffusion of OSS in organizations.",10.1016/j.infsof.2012.07.001
1576,Article,How Peripheral Developers Contribute to Open-Source Software Development,"Open-source software development is the next stage in the evolution of   product development, particularly software products. Compared with the   prevailing proprietary approaches, open-source software products are   developed by co-opting external developers and prospective users.   Although a core group of developers might still play a key role in the   initial design and development, a notable aspect of the open-source   software paradigm is the role of peripheral developers in the   enhancement and popularization of the product. Peripheral developers are   not formal members of the core development team. They voluntarily   contribute their time and creative talent in improving the quality of   the product or in popularizing the product through word-of-mouth   advocacy. As volunteers, they are not subject to the traditional   hierarchical controls, nor are they contractually obligated. Peripheral   developers represent a novel and unique aspect of open-source software   development, and there is a greater interest in tapping their potential.   However, there has been limited evidence about how and when their   participation has beneficial impacts. We examine how peripheral   developers contribute to product quality and diffusion by utilizing   longitudinal data on 147 open-source software products. Hierarchical   linear modeling analysis indicates that peripheral developers make   significant contributions to product quality and diffusion, especially   on projects that are in the more mature stages of product development.",10.1287/isre.1100.0311
1577,InProceedings,How can Open Source Software Development Help Requirements Management   Gain the Potential of Open Innovation: An Exploratory Study,"A key component in successfully managing software products is to   properly, and in a timely manner, identify and secure competitive   advantage by innovation via feature differentiation. Although open   source software (OSS) is not a new idea, several product development   companies that operate in a market-driven context have started to use   open source solutions as core software components in their products.   Adopting open source core components implies a lower degree of control   over software development and increased business risk associated with   integrating differentiating contributions into the core release stream.   Whether and how to adjust the current requirements management practices   after the adoption of OSS components to fully benefit from the concept   of open innovation has not yet been empirically explored. We outline   experiences and challenges related to leveraging open innovation via   engaging in OSS identified during 19 interviews with practitioners   occupying different roles in the requirements management process at a   large company followed by four validation interviews with other   practitioners. We then propose a research agenda for requirements and   decision management in the open innovation context and suggest which   challenges in requirements engineering open innovation affects.",NA
1578,InProceedings,How distributed version control systems impact open source software projects,"Centralized Version Control Systems have been used by many open source projects for a long time. However, in recent years several widely-known projects have migrated their repositories to Distributed Version Control Systems, such as Mercurial, Bazaar, and Git. Such systems have technical features that allow contributors to work in new ways, as various different workflows are possible. We plan to study this migration process to assess how developers' organization and their contributions are affected. As a first step, we present an analysis of the Mozilla repositories, which migrated from CVS to Mercurial in 2007. This analysis reveals both expected and unexpected aspects of the contributors' activities.",NA
1579,Article,How to {Think} about {Intellectual} {Property} of {Open} {Source} {Software} from a {Feminist} {Political} {Economic} {Perspective}?,"This paper asserts that a feminist political economic perspective enriches the understanding of how intellectual property of software is related to an equitable information society. This approach is used to examine how F/OSS may contribute to a people-centred and development-oriented information society. Three questions are asked: (1) Is it helpful to view F/OSS as market or non-market production? (2) How is F/OSS distributed and marketed? (3) How does F/OSS rely on gendered labour? By analysing existing writings on F/OSS, it is concluded that market production should not be privileged over other modes of production; state intervention is required to ensure an equitable distribution of F/OSS; and gendered labour needs to be made visible in the F/OSS production. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1581,Article,"Human agency, social networks, and FOSS project success","The development model of free open source software (FOSS) provides   important managerial lessons for knowledge creation, innovation, and   software and new product development. Yet many unanswered questions   exist regarding why certain FOSS projects succeed while others fail.   Drawing on social capital theory and human agency theory, this study   proposes that FOSS projects stand a better chance of success if they   possess desirable social network capital and adopt effective strategies.   It further argues that valuable social network capital and effective   strategies produce greater returns together than they do alone. The   results of an empirical analysis reveal significant positive   interactions between social capital variables and human agency/strategy   variables, highlighting the importance of complementarity between social   network ties and strategies in shaping the outcome of FOSS projects. (C)   2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.04.014
1583,InProceedings,IMPLEMENTING CONTROL AND MISSION SOFTWARE OF UAV BY EXPLOITING OPEN   SOURCE SOFTWARE-BASED ARINC 653,"The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture has been suggested to   address the Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) issues and provide better   software consolidation and testability by means of partitioning. Though   the IMA architecture is mainly discussed from the view point of large   aircrafts or manned aerial vehicles, small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles   (UAV) are one that indeed requires IMA to reduce SWaP. In this study, we   design and implement UAV control and mission software over ARINC 653.   Especially we utilize our Linux-based ARINC-653, which can provide   abundant development tools, software libraries, and device drivers due   to the nature of Linux. Our control and mission software include   Operational Flight Program (OFP), Video Streaming Program (VSP), Ground   Control Program (GCP), and Ground Monitoring Program (GMP). We test our   programs in a HILS environment and show that these run correctly in   terms of functionality and real-time requirements. Our study also   suggests few extensions for process scheduling and inter-partition   communication of ARINC 653.",NA
1584,InProceedings,Implementing a regional spatial data infrastructure based on free   software,"Spatial data infrastructures (SDI) are extremely important in order to   combine the technical and organizational elements required to promote   the use of territory-based information in an interoperable way. In fact,   geographic information has unique intrinsic features, which makes it a   natural indexing mechanism for spatial data. Due to its high cost and   upgrade dynamics, this information should be available for reuse and   should be managed and maintained by those responsible for producing it   as part of management interventions in the territory. Therefore, it is   important that different spatial data infrastructures, developed at   different hierarchical levels, coexist and communicate in an   interoperable way so that they can constitute a spatial basis of   reference that facilitates the integration with other sectorial   applications. This ongoing work proposes the implementation of a   regional spatial data infrastructure based on free software, in   compliance with the principles of the EU INSPIRE Directive and with the   OGC standards.",NA
1585,Article,Instrument Control (iC) - An Open-Source Software to Automate Test   Equipment,"It has become common practice to automate data acquisition from   programmable instrumentation, and a range of different software   solutions fulfill this task. Many routine measurements require   sequential processing of certain tasks, for instance to adjust the   temperature of a sample stage, take a measurement, and repeat that cycle   for other temperatures. This paper introduces an open-source Java   program that processes a series of text-based commands that define the   measurement sequence. These commands are in an intuitive format which   provides great flexibility and allows quick and easy adaptation to   various measurement needs. For each of these commands, the iC-framework   calls a corresponding Java method that addresses the specified   instrument to perform the desired task. The functionality of iC can be   extended with minimal programming effort in Java or Python, and new   measurement equipment can be addressed by defining new commands in a   text file without any programming.",10.6028/jres.117.010
1586,InProceedings,Integrating open source software into software engineering curriculum: challenges in selecting projects,"Software Engineering (SE) projects that emphasize maintenance and evolution can emulate industrial challenges and prepare students for careers in the software industry. Designing maintenance-centric SE projects, however, is difficult because software code upon which these projects must be based is not readily available. Open Source Software (OSS) can alleviate this issue by offering a rich and varied volume of code. This rich diversity of OSS projects, however, presents the greatest hurdle in seamlessly selecting suitable projects for integration. To better understand the scope of this diversity, initially, we propose to manually select uniformly difficult projects of appropriate complexity. Ultimately, based on the experiences and insights acquired through the manual selection, we envision the development of a systematic methodology based on software metrics to ease the project selection process. Such a systematic methodology will pave the way for the adoption of the OSS-based approach at peer institutions, bringing us a step closer to injecting realism into SE projects.",NA
1587,InProceedings,Introducing usability activities into open source software development projects: a participative approach,"Usability is an important quality characteristic of software products and information systems. Different approaches for introducing usability activities into open source software (OSS) development have not yet been fully evaluated. This paper experiments with the introduction of usability activities into OSS development through a participative approach. An empirical case study was carried out in a game development OSS project. The results of this study suggest that it is beneficial to introduce usability activities into OSS development through the participative approach. In the participative approach the usability experts become recognized part of the development community through adapting their ways of work into the culture of the OSS project and submitting code patches. This participative approach had a clear impact in the case project as seen in changes in the user interface and in improved usability. The challenge of adapting usability and OSS development philosophies and practices should, however, be researched further.",10.1145/2399016.2399120
1588,InProceedings,Involving Older Adults in the Design and Development of Free/Open Source   Software,"An age wave is upon us, and many tech-savvy older adults are reaching   retirement. To explore the barriers and benefits of engaging this   population, promote an active post-working life, and foster community,   we plan to involve retired programmers in the development of a free/open   source software (FOSS) health and wellness application. FOSS communities   are dominated by young male developers, and can be hostile to outsiders   despite a shared philosophical alignment of altruistic motivations often   embraced by retirees. I expect to contribute to the field by exploring   the benefits and barriers of involving older adults in FOSS communities,   as well as how they can benefit each other by collaborating to develop a   meaningful product with and for older adults.",NA
1589,Article,Is Open Source Software about Innovation? Collaborations with the Open   Source Community and Innovation Performance of Software Entrepreneurial   Ventures,"Practitioners generally assert that collaborations with the open source   software (OSS) community enable software entrepreneurial ventures to   achieve superior innovation performance. Nonetheless, scholars have   never tested this assertion. This paper takes a first step toward   filling this gap. First, based on the high-tech entrepreneurship   literature and the OSS research stream, we illustrate why collaborations   with the OSS community should exert a positive effect on entrepreneurial   ventures' innovation performance. Then, we provide a rigorous   quantitative analysis of the innovation impact of these collaborations.   Our econometric estimates indicate that entrepreneurial ventures   collaborating with the OSS community exhibit superior innovation   performance compared with their noncollaborating peers.",10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00356.x
1591,Article,LEVERAGING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN THE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND   LEADERSHIP TRAINING,"The development in information technology has now moved from the first   wave that emphasises on computer technical skills to the second wave   which focuses on the application and management aspects This paper aims   to investigate the use of learning management system among future school   heads in education management and leadership. The study was conducted in   two phases. The first phase focused on developing a learning management   system using open source software - Moodle. This phase emphasized on the   processes involved in designing and developing the learning management   system prototype called E-Headship. The second phase evaluated   participants' suitability in becoming future school leaders and managers   through the use of E-Headship for the National Professional   Qualification for Headship (NPQH) programme. E-Headship was then   evaluated in terms of the applications of the learning management   system. Sixty (60) participants from Institut Aminudin Baki (IAB) - an   institute for training school administrators took part in the study. The   data were analyzed using descriptive statistic focusing on reporting of   the results in percentile, means, standard deviation and frequency. As   it compared the performance results of two groups, a simple T-test was   also performed. The results revealed that e-Headship has succeeded in   promoting teaching and learning strategies to a higher degree. It is   hoped that the use of such prototype will help the education institution   in designing and developing better programmes that could benefit the   participants at large.",NA
1592,InProceedings,LIBRARY A LA CARTE: OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR LIBRARY RESEARCH GUIDES,"The core mission of university libraries is to provide access to books,   journals, data and primary sources to enhance and enable research and   education. Because students are accustomed to gathering information   using commercial search engines, they can overlook high-quality library   resources. To connect with student researchers when they need library   resources, many libraries have built online research guides tied to   specific subjects and courses. These guides can address specific   assignments where research is required, and course instructors can point   students to the guides to assist them in completing their research   assignments successfully. In 2006, Oregon State University (OSU)   Libraries developed an open source software product called Library a la   Carte that librarians can use to construct research guides easily and   quickly. The code was made available to other libraries, and a number of   institutions have adopted the tool. A successful user community has   grown up around Library a la Carte, but development up to this point has   been the sole responsibility of OSU Libraries. We are now embarking on   building a robust developer community, to contribute code, to build   additional features and to take Library a la Carte into the future. As   part of our plan to move forward, we are testing a hosted (cloud-based)   version of the software. This paper introduces Library a la Carte,   presents what was learned from the test and discusses moving forward   with building a developer community. In addition, we touch on the   benefits and challenges of building and sustaining an open source   product from the ground up.",NA
1594,InProceedings,Labeled topic detection of open source software from mining mass textual project profiles,"Nowadays open source software has become an indispensable basis for both individual and industrial software engineering. Various kinds of labeling mechanisms like categories, keywords and tags are used in open source communities to annotate projects and facilitate the discovery of certain software. However, as large amounts of software are attached with no/few labels or the existing labels are from different ontology space, it is still hard to retrieve potentially topic-relevant software. This paper highlights the valuable semantic information of project descriptions and labels, proposes labeled software topic detection (LSTD), a hybrid approach combining topic models and ranking mechanisms to detect and enrich the topics of software by mining the large amount of textual software profiles, which can be employed to do software categorization and tag recommendation. L-STD makes use of labeled LDA to capture the semantic correlations between labels and descriptions and then construct the label-based topic-word matrix. Based on the generated matrix and the generality of labels, LSTD designs a simple yet efficient algorithm to detect the latent topics of software that expressed as relevant and popular labels. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on the large-scale datasets of representative open source communities and the results validate the effectiveness of LSTD.",10.1145/2384416.2384419
1595,Article,Leadership characteristics and developers' motivation in open source   software development,"Open Source Software (OSS) is generally developed by interested   professionals who have decided to participate in the process. The   presence of effective leaders who both steer the development and   motivate the developers is crucial to ensure a successful product. Using   path-goal theory and built on leadership and motivation theories, we   proposed and tested a model that can be used to assess the relationship   between an OSS project leader's leadership style and a developer's   motivation to contribute to the software development. We specifically   decomposed the leadership and motivation construct to understand the   hidden mechanisms by which leadership impacts motivation. A set of   survey data collected from 118 OSS developers on Sourceforge.net was   used to test our hypotheses. Our results indicate that leaders'   transformational leadership is positively related to developers'   intrinsic motivation and that leaders' active management style is   positively related to the developers' extrinsic motivation. (C) 2012   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.im.2012.05.005
1599,Article,Learning foss collaboration tools &amp; techniques through guided inquiry activities: workshop,"Many faculty members (and students) desire to know more about free &amp; open source software (FOSS) development and its tools and practices. This workshop introduces participants to collaboration tools &amp; techniques used in FOSS. In particular, we will focus on task tracking systems and version control systems, which are unfamiliar to many faculty and students. To help participants understand what these tools do and how to use them, we will use process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) activities. In POGIL, learners work in groups of 3 or 4 in guided activities that are structured to help them construct new knowledge. In the two hands-on activities, teams will work through a series of increasingly sophisticated models. In each model, teams will use tools, answer questions, explore options, and report out their findings and lessons learned. We particularly welcome students, who should enjoy the activities and could help faculty observe the strengths and limitations of the tools and activities. Participants will receive copies of all activities, presentation slides, and other materials, and an annotated bibliography on FOSS, POGIL, and related topics.",NA
1600,InProceedings,Links to the source - a multidimensional view of social ties for the retention of FLOSS developers,"Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is of vital importance for the daily life of many private and corporate users. However, the majority of all FLOSS initiatives fail, most commonly due to a lack of sustained developers. In contrast to previous research which used an individual centric or a structural perspective, this dissertation combines motivational and relational aspects to build a comprehensive understanding for FLOSS developers' ongoing project commitment. A unified research model is developed by drawing on established theories from organizational and sociological literature, in particular by combining Self-Determination-Theory (SDT) and Social-Identity-Theory (SIT). Both SDT and SIT have been found valuable concepts for staffing decisions in organizations. In addition to the development and evaluation of the research model, this dissertation derives operational strategies for project managers of FLOSS initiatives on how to enhance the retention behavior of their contributor base.",10.1145/2214091.2214119
1602,InProceedings,MASCARET: A 1-D open-source software for flow hydrodynamic and water   quality in open channel networks,"MASCARET modeling framework is a set of numerical codes simulating   one-dimensional (1-D) hydro-environmental problems through a network of   open channels. The governing equations underlying MASCARET are the   shallow water equations for unsteady flow propagation and the   advection-dispersion equation for water quality and contaminant   transport. The hydraulic component accounts for floodplains and storage   areas, and flow at channel junction can be treated using a 2-D approach.   Additionally, flood propagation over dry beds (e. g. dam-break flows)   and non-hydrostatic waves can be simulated. The user interface   FUDAA-MASCARET manages the input data, allocation of parameters, running   of simulations and viewing outputs. MASCARET can be easily compiled as a   dynamic library, offering special interfaces to be used with three main   steps: Initialization, Run and Finalization of the calculation. With   these features, MASCARET can be coupled or integrated to other softwares   without requiring significant efforts. Since July 2011, MASCARET is   worldwide distributed as an open-source code. In this paper, are   presented various applications of this tool covering both flow   hydrodynamic and water quality. Model-data comparisons show the   performance of the modeling framework, and demonstrate the interest of   this open-source software for the scientific community.",NA
1603,Article,Managing license compliance in free and open source software development,"Issue Title: Governance, Risk and Compliance in Information Systems              License compliance in Free and Open Source Software development is a significant issue today and organizations using free and open source software are predominately focusing on this issue. The non-compliance to licenses in free and open source software development leads to the loss of reputation and the high costs of litigation for organizations. Towards an automated compliance management, we use the Open Digital Rights Language to implement the clauses of open source software licenses in a machine interpretable way and propose a novel algorithm that analyzes compatibility between free and open source software licenses. Also, we describe a framework that inductively manages compliance of license clauses in a free and open source software development. We simulate and evaluate the formalized license compliance management by analyzing a real-time open source software project GRASS.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s10796-009-9180-1
1605,InProceedings,Measuring the Effect of Social Communications on Individual Working   Rhythms: A Case Study of Open Source Software,"This paper proposes novel quantitative methods to measure the effects of   social communications on individual working rhythms by analyzing the   communication and code committing records in tens of Open Source   Software (OSS) projects. Our methods are based on complex network and   time-series analysis. We define the notion of a working rhythm as the   average time spent on a commit task and we study the correlation between   working rhythm and communication frequency. We build communication   networks for code developers, and find that the developers with higher   social status, represented by the nodes with larger number of outgoing   or incoming links, always have faster working rhythms and thus   contribute more per unit time to the projects. We also study the   dependency between work (committing) and talk (communication)   activities, in particular the effect of their interleaving. We introduce   multi-activity time-series and quantitative measures based on activity   latencies to evaluate this dependency. Comparison of simulated   time-series with the real ones suggests that when work and talk   activities are in proximity they may accelerate each other in OSS   systems. These findings suggest that frequent communication before and   after committing activities is essential for effective software   development in distributed systems.",10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.17
1607,InProceedings,Mining repositories to reveal the community structures of Open Source   Software projects,"In this paper, I describe a research plan to mine Open Source Software   (OSS) repositories to reveal community structure of those projects.",10.1145/2184512.2184623
1609,InProceedings,Network-Based Analysis of the Structure and Evolution of an Open Source Software Product,"In this paper, an analysis of product structures in open source software (OSS) at both product level and module level is presented. At the product level, the product structures are modeled as complex networks, and the evolutionary characteristics of product structures are analyzed by using network analysis metrics. At the module level, linking mechanisms, which describe how a module is attached with other modules, are proposed. The linking mechanisms are modeled as probability functions dependent on the degrees of linking modules. A case study from an open source software project, Drupal, is presented. The evolutionary trends of Drupal product structures are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a model is presented to illustrate the effects of linking mechanisms at the module level on the product structures at the system level. The results indicate that the model built using the proposed linking mechanisms generates networks whose evolutionary characteristics are close to that of the original network.",10.1109/HICSS.2012.446
1610,InProceedings,Newcomer Integration and Learning in Technical Support Communities for   Open Source Software,"In this paper we present results of an NSF funded project on exploring   and understanding cyber learning that happens in online open source   software (OSS) communities for technical support. We look across   multiple OSS support communities (Firefox, Java, and Koha) to understand   the behavior of newcomers in these communities, the role that the   community response plays in their continued participation and newcomer   best practices. We found that newcomers are not a homogenous group and   majority of them display ``model{''} behavior. We also found out that   community response is critical for continued participation of newcomers.   In our dataset, almost all non returning newcomers can be attributed to   receiving no reply or a condescending reply from the community. We found   that one third of newcomers' transition into a role of help givers in   the community and demonstrate evidence of learning. We also highlight   best practices for newcomers to be successful in these online   communities.",10.1145/2389176.2389186
1612,InProceedings,Newcomer integration and learning in OSS technical support communities,"This poster presents newcomer behavior, community behavior and learning in online communities of technical support for Open Source Software.",10.1145/2141512.2141581
1614,InProceedings,Newcomers Withdrawal in Open Source Software Projects: Analysis of Hadoop Common Project,"Collective production communities, like open source projects, are based on volunteers collaboration and require newcomers for their continuity. Newcomers face difficulties and obstacles when starting their contributions, resulting in a large withdrawal and consequent low retention rate. This paper presents an analysis of newcomers withdrawal, checking if the dropout is influenced by lack of answer, answers politeness and helpfulness, and the answer author. We have collected five years data from the developers mail list communication and task manager (Jira) discussions of Hadoop Common project. We observed the users' communication, identifying newcomers and classifying questions and answers content. For the study conducted, less than 20% of newcomers became long term contributors. There are evidences that the withdrawal is influenced by the respondents and by the type of response received. However, the lack of answer was not evidenced as a factor that influences newcomers withdrawal in the project.",10.1109/SBSC.2012.16
1615,InCollection,Not Just Software: Free Software and the (Techno) Political Action,"The practice of developing and creating Free Software has been the   centre of attention for studies related to economics, knowledge   production, laws and the intellectual property framework. However, the   practice that constitutes the initiative of Free Software also means a   call to rethink current forms of political action and the in-depth   meaning of what is understood as ``political{''}. This constitutes the   field which has been called techno-activism. Along these lines, the   authors propose a particular reading of the political challenge that is   Free Software from the standpoint of Hardt and Negri's (2000)   theoretical work. The authors put forward various contributions -   regarding the organization, the agents and the form of political   action-that they consider to pose a crisis for traditional proposals and   urge society to renew its way of relating to information, the raw   material upon which the current exercise of government and practices of   techno-activist resistance rest.",10.4018/978-1-4666-1773-5.ch016
1616,InProceedings,OP2A: How to Improve the Quality of the Web Portal of Open Source   Software Products,"Open Source Software (OSS) communities do not often invest in marketing   strategies to promote their products in a competitive way. Even the home   pages of the web portals of well-known OSS products show technicalities   and details that are not relevant for a fast and effective evaluation of   the product's qualities. So, final users and even developers who are   interested in evaluating and potentially adopting an OSS product are   often negatively impressed by the quality perception they have from the   web portal of the product and turn to proprietary software solutions or   fail to adopt OSS that may be useful in their activities. In this paper,   we define OP2A, an evaluation model and we derive a checklist that OSS   developers and web masters can use to design (or improve) their web   portals with all the contents that are expected to be of interest for   OSS final users. We exemplify the use of the model by applying it to the   Apache Tomcat web portal and we apply the model to 47 web sites of   well-known OSS products to highlight the current deficiencies that   characterize these web portals.",NA
1617,InProceedings,OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE TO BUILD AND MANAGE CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS ON   DISTRIBUTED HETEROGENEOUS INFRASTRUCTURES,NA,NA
1618,Article,"OSS (Outer Solar System): a fundamental and planetary physics mission to   Neptune, Triton and the Kuiper Belt","The present OSS (Outer Solar System) mission continues a long and bright   tradition by associating the communities of fundamental physics and   planetary sciences in a single mission with ambitious goals in both   domains. OSS is an M-class mission to explore the Neptune system almost   half a century after the flyby of the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Several   discoveries were made by Voyager 2, including the Great Dark Spot (which   has now disappeared) and Triton's geysers. Voyager 2 revealed the   dynamics of Neptune's atmosphere and found four rings and evidence of   ring arcs above Neptune. Benefiting from a greatly improved   instrumentation, a mission as OSS would result in a striking advance in   the study of the farthest planet of the solar system. Furthermore, OSS   would provide a unique opportunity to visit a selected Kuiper Belt   object subsequent to the passage of the Neptunian system. OSS would help   consolidate the hypothesis of the origin of Triton as a Kuiper Belt   object captured by Neptune, and to improve our knowledge on the   formation of the solar system. The OSS probe would carry instruments   allowing precise tracking of the spacecraft during the cruise. It would   facilitate the best possible tests of the laws of gravity in deep space.   These objectives are important for fundamental physics, as they test   General Relativity, our current theoretical description of gravitation,   but also for cosmology, astrophysics and planetary science, as General   Relativity is used as a tool in all these domains. In particular, the   models of solar system formation uses General Relativity to describe the   crucial role of gravity. OSS is proposed as an international cooperation   between ESA and NASA, giving the capability for ESA to launch an M-class   mission towards the farthest planet of the solar system, and to a Kuiper   Belt object. The proposed mission profile would allow to deliver a 500   kg class spacecraft. The design of the probe is mainly constrained by   the deep space gravity test in order to minimize the perturbation of the   accelerometer measurement.",10.1007/s10686-012-9309-y
1619,InProceedings,On Understanding Software Quality Evolution from a Defect Perspective: A   Case Study on an Open Source Software System,"Software systems need to continually evolve during their life cycle. It   is, therefore, important to monitor how their quality evolves so that   quality assurance activities can be properly planned. In this paper, we   analyze empirically the quality evolution of an open source software   system (Apache Tomcat). We address software quality from an external   perspective. We used the number of defects as a quality indicator. We   wanted to investigate if the Qi (Quality Assurance Indicator) metric,   which we proposed in a previous work, can be used to observe how   quality, measured in terms of defects, evolves in the presence of   changes. We performed an empirical analysis using historical data   collected from the subject system covering a period of more than seven   years (thirty-one versions). Results are reported and discussed in the   paper.",NA
1620,InProceedings,On the Adoption of Open Source Software in Aeronautics,"Open source software has become an alternative to commercial software   for industrial users. Industrial users adopting to OSS and the   underlying concepts need to consider changing their software development   practices and organization in order to benefit from the OSS model. These   changes may involve both technical and non-technical aspects. Openness   and collaboration with a community are two non-technical concepts that   may require such changes, while evaluating OSS products or evaluating   different strategies for integrating OSS products are two technical   aspects that may require adoption.   The objective of this paper is to create an awareness for the adoption   of OSS in an industrial context. OSS can be used in different ways. Four   categories of using OSS are presented by discussing motivation,   implication and experience for each category. The main conclusion from   this work is that organizations should have a realistic expectation of   both the designated benefits and extension of organizational changes   necessary to adopt to OSS. This conclusion is based on observations from   industrial organizations using OSS, including OSS in the aeronautics   industry, as well as from observations reported in the literature on   open source.",NA
1621,InProceedings,Open Source Software Engineering Theory: Intelligent Educational Tool   and Research Methodology,"The development of World Wide Web (WWW) a little more than a decade ago   has caused an information explosion that needs an Intelligent Web (IW)   for users to easily control their information and commercial needs.   Therefore, engineering schools have offered a variety of IW courses to   cultivate hands-on experience and training for industrial systems. In   this study, Open Source Software Engineering Theory (OSSET) project   course has been designed to help students learn theoretical concepts of   IW, practice advanced technical skills, and discover knowledge to solve   problem. Undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics   (STEM) students involved in the development of innovative approaches and   techniques. They are able to help solve the problems of disease   misdiagnoses that medical and healthcare professionals experience. They   co-authored and presented numerous research papers introducing the   solution in different conferences. This study provides the solution in   the form of an Intelligent OSSET using Service-Oriented Architecture   (SOA) to decrease disease misdiagnosis in healthcare.   The proposed project course has become a way to establish an   ``Intelligent Open Source Software Engineering for Healthcare IT{''}   center in our department. Results show that this new course strengthens   the capacity and quality of STEM undergraduate degree programs and the   number of overall graduate student enrollment. It promotes a vigorous   STEM academic environment and increases the number of students entering   STEM careers. It expands the breadth of faculty and student involvement   in research and development. It enhances and leverages the active   engagement of faculty technology transfer and translational research. It   improves and develops new relationships between educational institutions   and research funding entities to broaden the university's research   portfolio and increase funding. The proposed project course is a   software engineering research methodology, an educational tool, and a   teaching technique is needed in future medical and health IT fields.",NA
1622,InProceedings,Open Source Software Process: A Potential Catalyst for Major Changes in Electronic Health Record Systems,"Electronic health records implementation has been a challenge for many governments worldwide, who have tried to realise a quality and cost-effective implementation through closed and/or open source software. The paper discusses the background and rationale for implementing health records through an open source software development process model. Whilst there are many benefits from the adoption of an open source software process model there are also many challenges. The paper discusses the ongoing research and outlines the position of the authors on why an open source software process would be a quality solution and a challenge for the implementation of electronic health records at national and potentially at European level.",10.1007/978-3-642-54338-8_21
1623,Article,Open source software and crowdsourcing for energy analysis,"Informed energy decision making requires effective software,   high-quality input data, and a suitably trained user community.   Developing these resources can be expensive and time consuming. Even   when data and tools are intended for public re-use they often come with   technical, legal, economic and social barriers that make them difficult   to adopt, adapt and combine for use in new contexts. We focus on the   promise of open, publically accessible software and data as well as   crowdsourcing techniques to develop robust energy analysis tools that   can deliver crucial, policy-relevant insight, particularly in developing   countries, where planning resources are highly constrained-and the need   to adapt these resources and methods to the local context is high. We   survey existing research, which argues that these techniques can produce   high-quality results, and also explore the potential role that linked,   open data can play in both supporting the modelling process and in   enhancing public engagement with energy issues. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.   All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.032
1625,InProceedings,Open source software for entertainment,"In this tutorial, we explore open source software practices and tools that are suitable for a growing number of creators of interactive and playful systems. The introduction of open source tools such as Processing and Arduino has motivated a broader participation of technical and non-technical users in the creative production of interactive systems. Maker communities meet regularly and they share resources and knowledge for creative hacking, fun, and networking. In this context there are two main issues: on the one hand, software creation practices, based on collaboration and sharing, on the other hand, the respective end-user programming tools for artists, hobbyists or children. This tutorial presents a coherent overview of related work and our own experiences in the organization and running of maker workshops. It encompasses creative sessions whose final goal is to inspire the participants to experience open software practices and tools. This goal can divided into three sub-goals: 1) Technical (Interactivity, multimedia) 2) Artistic (poetic message, playful, experimental) 3) Open (sharing, reuse and participation). As a side effect of the study, the participants will cooperate and get to know each other and learn examples of new media prototyping tools and sharing platforms. The tutorial proposes a set of initial research questions which will challenge the participants to explore the relationship between Open Source Software and Entertainment.",10.1007/978-3-642-33542-6_81
1626,InCollection,Open source software for image processing and analysis: picture this   with ImageJ,"Image processing and analysis is fundamental to extract useful   information from images. To achieve this end, open source image analysis   software, exemplified by the Java application ImageJ, can be used very   flexibility to create workflows and is open to customisation due to its   open source architecture. ImageJ has a strong academic community with   many macros, Java scripts and plug-ins available online, a help forum,   regular updates and face to face conferences. Furthermore, running Java   ensures that ImageJ is platform-independent so that executable code can   be shared easily between researchers using different operating systems.   Lastly, ImageJ can be integrated into workflows of other open source   applications such as KNIME.",NA
1627,InProceedings,Open source software for modelling using agro-environmental   georeferenced data.,"In Agronomy and Environment, due to the increasing number of automatic   sensors and devices, there is an emerging need to integrate   georeferenced and temporal data into decision support tools,   traditionally based on expert knowledge. Soft computing techniques and   software suited to these needs may be very useful for modelling and   decision making. This work presents an open source framework designed   for that purpose. It is based upon open source toolboxes, and its design   is inspired by the fuzzy software capabilities developed in FisPro for   ordinary non georeferenced data. A real world application is included,   and some perspectives are given to meet the challenge of using soft   computing for georeferenced data.",NA
1628,Article,Open source software success: Measures and analysis,"Despite a growing body of research on OSS production, much remains to be   learned. One important issue concerns the measures of OSS project   success and its determinants. In this paper, we empirically study the   determinants of OSS success as measured by the number of subscribers and   developers working on an OSS project. Furthermore, we demonstrate that   our model forecasts these success measures more accurately as compared   to a naive model.   We find that OSS projects that develop software to work on   Windows/UNIX/Linux operating systems, and developed using Cot its   derivative languages experience larger increase in subscribers and   attract more developers than projects that do not have these   characteristics. OSS projects with semi-restrictive licenses have fewer   subscribers and attract fewer developers. Interestingly, OSS projects   that accept financial donations and are targeted at IS/IT professionals   have more subscribers than others, although these characteristics do not   affect the developer base. The number of subscribers and developers   increases with the age of the OSS project. Finally, the impact of   developers on subscribers and subscribers on developers is positive and   significant. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2011.09.003
1630,Article,"Open-source software projects in music education: Stakeholders,   structure and the development cycle","Open-source software (OSS) projects are relatively unexplored territory   in music education research and practice. In contrast to commercial   software development, OSS projects are informally organized and free in   terms of administration and control. Developers contribute in several   ways according to their own will and whenever they want. In music   education, the possible OSS project stakeholders can vary from   independent developers to researchers, schools and commercial companies.   The structure of this multifaceted collaboration scheme can be very   diverse and complex. This article will present a case from a sponsored   music educational opensource project that developed a mobile phone-based   music software for children. The characteristics of collaboration,   project structure, roles of different stakeholders and open-source   licensing from this project will shed light on different aspects and   characteristics of OSS development in music education. As a conclusion,   an iterative process model for OSS projects in music education will be   drawn.",10.1386/jmte.5.2.159\\_1
1631,Article,Organizational adoption of open source software,"Organizations and individuals can use open source software (OSS) for   free, they can study its internal workings, and they can even fix it or   modify it to make it suit their particular needs. These attributes make   OSS an enticing technological choice for a company. Unfortunately,   because most enterprises view technology as a proprietary   differentiating element of their operation, little is known about the   extent of OSS adoption in industry and the key drivers behind adoption   decisions. In this article we examine factors and behaviors associated   with the adoption of OSS and provide empirical findings through data   gathered from the US Fortune-1000 companies. The data come from each   company's web browsing and serving activities, gathered by sifting   through more than 278 million web server log records and analyzing the   results of thousands of network probes. We show that the adoption of OSS   in large US companies is significant and is increasing over time through   a low-churn transition, advancing from applications to platforms. Its   adoption is a pragmatic decision influenced by network effects. It is   likelier in larger organizations and those with many less productive   employees, and is associated with IT and knowledge-intensive work and   operating efficiencies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.037
1633,InProceedings,PANORAMIC ORIENTATION DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT BASED ON OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE   PTVIEWER,"Panoramic images to simulate two-dimensional of the real   three-dimensional space, presented to the viewer. And to provide all   kinds of manipulation of the image viewer function, you can zoom in and   out, watching the scene in all direction to simulate and reproduce the   scenes to achieve the real effect of the environment. Image Map   (pohotographic map) is a map with ground-sensing image, which is based   on aviation and space-based remote sensing image, the geometric   correction, in line with the line work and a little note, the graphics   object that the surface of the integrated Maps, is the use of aerial   photographs or satellite imagery, through the geometric correction,   projection transformation and the scale reduction, the use of certain   map symbols, annotation, drawing objects directly reflect the spatial   distribution of geographic features and map. Image Map is a video   content, the line designated elements, mathematical foundation, contour   decoration of the map. PTViewer is an open source Java project, which   could control in real time to read the perspective of the current   roaming and other information, but the panoramic view of the level of   the angle 0 is not roaming the map corresponds to the direction of the   north. Therefore, the paper puts forward a kind of orientation to   determine the true panoramic roaming the corresponding direction based   on open source software PTViewer. The experiment showed that the   panoramic orientation is much valid, which could link these two types of   data, and something useful is obtained.",10.1109/ICICEE.2012.171
1635,InProceedings,Parameter optimization of a Fuzzy Inference System using the FisPro open   source software,"This paper proposes a flexible optimization sequence that can be applied   to any parameter of a fuzzy inference system. Interrelated parameters   can be optimized together, and criteria include system accuracy and   coverage. The fuzzy inference system structure is preserved and   constraints are imposed to respect the fuzzy partition semantics. The   procedure described here uses a Solis \\& Wets based algorithm, but the   approach remains valid for other optimization techniques, provided that   they accept semantic constraints. The optimization sequence is   implemented in an open source software, FisPro, made for fuzzy inference   system design and tuning.",NA
1636,InProceedings,Patterns for engagement in free software projects,"Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects are developed in a collaborative manner, by communities of contributors that work on publicly available source code. However, many potential contributors are still daunted by the FLOSS world. The Patterns for Engagement in Free Software Projects present solutions for recurring problems that emerge when prospective contributors are willing to select a FLOSS project to get involved and to contribute with. They are organized around three clusters: (a) Selection Patterns, that help prospective contributors to find suitable projects, (b) Involvement Patterns, that deal with the first steps towards getting familiar and involved with the selected project, and (c) Contribution Patterns, that document best practices for submitting different kinds of contribution to a free software project. The Patterns for Engagement in Free Software Projects catalog is itself a FLOSS project. Its license allows free reuse of the text, as long as the modified versions are distributed under the same license.",10.1145/2591028.2600812
1637,InProceedings,RELIABILITY ANALYSIS CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF INSTALLER APPLICATION   FOR AN EMBEDDED OSS,"The successful experience of adopting such open source projects includes   Apache HTTP server, Firefox Web browser, and GNU/Linux operating system.   Especially, an embedded OSS known as one of OSS has since been gaining a   lot of attention in embedded system area, i. e., Android, BusyBox, etc.   However, the poor handling of quality and customer support prohibit the   progress of embedded OSS. We focus on the problems in such as software   quality which prohibit the progress of embedded OSS. In this paper, we   propose a method of software reliability assessment based on a flexible   hazard rate model considering the influence of installer application   such as App Store of iOS and Android Market of Android OS. Also, we   derive several reliability assessment measures. In particular, we show   several numerical examples of reliability assessment for our hazard rate   model. Then, we show that the proposed model can assist quality   improvement for embedded OSS systems development. Furthermore, we   formulate a total expected software cost model considering the installer   application of embedded OSS. Then, we discuss about the determination of   optimum software release times minimizing the total expected software   cost.",NA
1638,Article,Reactive transport in aquatic ecosystems: Rapid model prototyping in the   open source software R,"The concentrations of many natural compounds are altered by chemical and   biological transformations, and physical processes such as adsorption   and transport. Their fate can be predicted using reactive transport   models that describe reaction and advective and dispersive movement of   these components in their natural environment.   Recently a number of software packages have been implemented in the open   source software R that allow one to implement reactive transport models.   Central to this is the ReacTran R-package, a comprehensive collection of   functions for modeling reactive components that may be distributed over   multiple phases, whose dynamics are coupled through biological and   geochemical reactions, and that are transported in one-, two- or   three-dimensional domains with simple geometries. Dedicated solution   methods are in R-packages deSolve and rootSolve.   The modeling packages facilitate the simulation of reaction and   transport of components for spatial scales ranging from micrometers to   kilometers and spanning multiple time-scales. As they are influenced in   similar ways, the same functions can solve biogeochemical models of the   sediment, groundwater, rivers, estuaries, lakes or water columns,   experimental setups, or even describe reaction and transport within   flat, cylindrical or spherical bodies, such as organisms, aggregates, or   the dispersion of individuals on flat surfaces and so on.   We illustrate the use of R for reactive transport modeling by three   applications spanning several orders of magnitude with respect to   spatial and temporal scales. They comprise (1) a model of an   experimental flow-through sediment reactor, where fitting so-called   breakthrough curves are used to derive sulfate reduction rates in an   estuarine sediment, (2) a conservative and reactive tracer addition   experiment in a small stream, which implements the concept of river   spiraling, and (3) a 2-D and 3-D model that describes oxygen dynamics in   the upper layers of the sediment, interspersed with several hotspots of   increased reaction intensities.   The packages ReacTran, deSolve and rootSolve are implemented in the   software R and thus available for all popular platforms (Linux, Windows,   Mac). Models implemented using this software are short and easily   readable, yet they are efficiently solved. This makes R extremely well   suited for rapid model prototyping. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.08.011
1639,InProceedings,Review code evolution history in OSS universe,"Software evolves all the time because of the changing requirements, in particular, in the diverse Internet environment. Evolution history recorded in software repositories, e.g., Version Control Systems, reflects people's software development practice. Exploring this history could help practitioners to reuse the best practices therefore improve productivity and software quality. Because of the difficulty of collecting and standardizing data, most existing work could only utilize small project set. In this study, we target the open source software universe to build a universal code evolution model for large-scale data. We consider code evolution from two aspects: code version changing history in a single project and code reuse history in the whole universe. In the model, files/modules are built as nodes, and relations (version change or reuse) between files/modules are built as connections. Based on the model, we design and implement a code evolution review framework, i.e., Code Evolution Reviewer (CER), which provides a series of data interfaces to review code evolution history, in particular, code version changing in single project and code reuse among projects. Further, CER could be utilized to explore best practices across large-scale project set.",10.1145/2430475.2430488
1640,Article,Specification and Implementation of Open Source Software Suite for   Realizing Communication Intelligence,"We are presently developing a set of software called the Open Source   Software Suite for Human Robot Interaction (OpenHRI). The OpenHRI has   the following features: It is implemented on RT-Component, an Object   Management Group (OMG) compliant robot technology component   specification that can be easily integrated into any robot system. It   can perform various functions, from audio signal processing to dialog   management, in a uniform and reconfigurable manner. It not only   implements each required function of components but also defines a   meta-level specification to enable the developer to verify whether the   structural design of components is correct. In this paper, we introduce   the implementation of the OpenHRI, present the architectural design of   the system, and provide examples of applications.",10.20965/jrm.2012.p0086
1641,InProceedings,Strategic Analysis Towards Deriving Competitive Advantage with the Use of FOSS: The Case of a South African University,"The Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) presents certain freedoms in the use of software that could enhance the impact of ICT in the society while the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) is yet to fully utilize these freedoms to their advantage. This study seeks ways of deriving competitive advantage with the use of FOSS in South African universities with specific reference to TUT. In other to achieve the above, the basics, problems and the benefits of FOSS are reviewed. Thereafter, the successful implementation of FOSS both in a developed country and a developing country are looked at. Furthermore, to enable an assessment of the possible impact of FOSS towards deriving competitive advantage, a SWOT analysis representing a synthesis between FOSS Strongpoint's, Weak points, and the Opportunities and Threats is presented in the South African context. Also done is an analysis based on the PESTE framework to identify the driving forces of change within the South African society in general as they relate to Political, Economic, Social Technological and Environmental factors that could have affected FOSS adoption. Similarly, Porter's 5 fundamental competitive forces are used to analyse the current FOSS phenomena towards the goal of enhancing FOSS adoption. A synthesis of these led to recommendations and concludes the study as a step towards increasing the awareness of FOSS and convincing users about the immense possibilities enabled by the silent revolution its double freedom in its enhanced form of Free / Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) phenomenon towards deriving competitive advantage.",10.1109/ITNG.2012.57
1642,Article,Strategic flexibility in open innovation - designing business models for   open source software,"Purpose - This paper seeks to explore how market orientation facilitates   the strategic flexibility of business models grounded in open   innovation. The authors suggest that the new paradigm of open innovation   may impact a firm's adaptability and responsiveness under conditions of   environmental flux. However, extending innovation capacity by opening   the innovation process poses major challenges for firms. The aims of   this study are to explore the characteristics of open innovation   activity and to contemplate the role of strategic flexibility in the   design of business models based upon open innovation.   Design/methodology/approach - The study draws upon a qualitative   research approach through a longitudinal case study in the field of open   source software (OSS). The empirical case illustrates how an OSS firm   utilizes signals in its environment to flexibly alter its business   model.   Findings - A business model that embodies open innovation raises   dilemmas between open and closed innovation paradigms. However, the   authors' case highlights that an ambidextrous approach that combines   market orientation with the principles of open innovation increases   profitability, shortens time to market through effective market access,   and enhances innovation capability.   Research limitations/implications - The results have profound   implications for industrial marketers, managers, management consultants   and business educators. They can use the insights gleaned from this   research to guide the development of business models that involve open   innovation. The results indicate that firms involved in open innovation   need reactive strategic flexibility to cope with the environmental   diversity and variability. However, this study analyzes a single case in   the field of OSS and one should be cautious when generalizing the   findings.   Originality/value - This paper improves the understanding of the   relationship between flexibility and market orientation. It combines two   areas that have previously been discussed separately, i.e. market   orientation and open innovation.",10.1108/03090561211248071
1644,InProceedings,Student Software Engineering Learning via Participation in Humanitarian   FOSS Projects,"Software engineering education has long sought to provide students with   real-world software development and professional experience. The use of   Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects is one attractive approach   for providing students with easy access to a complex, ongoing project of   size that is supported by a professional community. Humanitarian FOSS   (HFOSS) projects hold the additional appeal to students of developing   software that will benefit the human condition. However, student   involvement in HFOSS projects can be somewhat unpredictable and less   controllable than the development of home-grown projects or projects   with an industry partner. Student participation in an HFOSS project   means that students are dependent, at least somewhat, on the goals,   schedule, and constraints of the HFOSS project itself. Therefore,   learning is somewhat reliant on the progress of the HFOSS project. This   paper presents results of a multi-year study of student perceptions of   learning related to software engineering knowledge and skills while   involved in an HFOSS project. The paper includes a background of work in   student participation in HFOSS, an outline of the study approach and an   explanation of the results. Implications of the results and future   directions are also described.",NA
1645,InProceedings,Study of Arduino for Creative and Interactive Artwork Installations An   Open Source Software Knowledge for Creativeness,"The Arts and Software are often thought as two parallel fields but with   the growth of the information technology, the gap between these two   fields is rather decreasing. The present existing majority of the tools   are focused for the commercial business settings such as software   development but the scope of the field can be increased to the other   fields such as education and serving people in different fields such as   Artists. The Artists are in search of open source software tools which   can enhance their creative ability and at the same time want to   collaborate with others to increase their knowledge on the tool. The   creativity is difficult to measure as we have to consider the way the   tool is enhancing the creative knowledge of the user using the tool. The   creativity can also be based upon understanding the relations between   different phenomena governing the tool such as Artist, Artwork, Visitor   and Software. The ArTe conceptual model is based upon these principles,   so the tools are evaluated based upon the ArTe conceptual model.",NA
1646,Article,Survival factors for Free Open Source Software projects: A multi-stage   perspective,"This paper uses a large data set of Free Open Source Software (FOSS)   projects obtained from SourceForge.net to investigate survival factors   at various stages of a FOSS project's lifecycle. It distinguishes FOSS   projects that are still at the initial stage of development from those   at the growth stage, and posits that the relative importance of the   identified survival factors changes as FOSS projects evolve from one   stage to the next. The results demonstrate the changing effect of   factors over time affecting FOSS survival. Restrictive FOSS licenses and   large internal and external networks are found to present advantages for   projects that are at the initial stage, but the advantages dissipate as   the projects move into the growth stage. Projects with high-quality   external networks, greater levels of user/developer participation and   service quality, and projects targeted at technical users have a higher   likelihood of surviving at both stages. These findings show that a FOSS   project team needs to be aware of the conditioning effect of time and   focus on the appropriate mix of survival factors as the project moves   from one stage to the next. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.emj.2012.03.001
1648,Article,THE PARTICIPATE TRIPARTITE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE VIA OPEN   SOURCE SOFTWARE EDUCATION,"This article describes educational experiences in an advanced graduate   GIScience courses together with propose specific tripartite (teachers,   researchers, and practitioners) contributions. By combining high-quality   interoperable data between past and present monitored time using expert   software conjointly developed by tripartite cooperation, new designs and   applications with a complex thematic topographic map were successfully   developed through an intensive work. Conceptual frameworks and practical   topics of the application can be different from student to student   depending on metadata, geo-referencing, digitizing and topology   building, and spatial interpolation and spatial analysis. Former   students can work on data they have been introduced into the GIS, taking   care of every detail about data, metadata, data models, formats, file   relationships, etc. The experience can be easily adapted to other   courses in the university over Thailand.",NA
1650,InProceedings,Teaching open source: involving students in free and open source software (FOSS) project communities (abstract only),"Involving students from a wide range of backgrounds in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project communities gets them a hands-on, portfolio-building experience in the creation of a real-world project while simultaneously building their institution's public profile. The Teaching Open Source (http://teachingopensource.org) community is an emergent (3 year old) group working on scaffolding to bridge the cultural differences between academic and FOSS communities of practice. Join us to share questions, challenges, and triumphs of incorporating FOSS participation into existing and new curricula as well support resources for doing so. Alumni and current members of the POSSE (Professors' Open Source Summer Experience, http://communityleadershipteam.org/posse) will attend in mentorship roles. Faculty attendance at the SIGCSE 2010 BoF on Teaching Open Source (TOS) indicates that student involvement in FOSS projects is a teaching and learning approach of interest for many faculty members. The transparency of both artifacts and process make FOSS an attractive real-world experience that enhances peer learning and intrinsic motivation for a diversity of courses, from introductory, interdisciplinary, and non-major classes to software engineering core offerings and senior capstones. However, such student participation involves a significant learning curve and effort on the part of the faculty member, and support structures for faculty are still maturing. 2011-2012 marks the 3rd academic year the TOS community has explored this realm together, and the past year has seen the emergence of more best practices, support resources, and curricular material. Community members are starting to design cross-institutional research on the impact of FOSS participation on students. BoF attendees will be encouraged to ask questions, network, and take advantage of the TOS community as a support structure for their own courses and projects.The audience is expected to consist of instructors who 1) are interested in learning how to get started in involving students in FOSS projects; or 2) have involved students in FOSS projects and are looking for better ways to facilitate student learning within FOSS projects.",10.1145/2157136.2157413
1651,InProceedings,The Co-evolution of Socio-technical Structures in Sustainable Software   Development: Lessons from the Open Source Software Communities,"Software development depends on many factors, including technical, human   and social aspects. Due to the complexity of this dependence, a unifying   framework must be defined and for this purpose we adopt the complex   networks methodology. We use a data-driven approach based on a large   collection of open source software projects extracted from online   project development platforms. The preliminary results presented in this   article reveal that the network perspective yields key insights into the   sustainability of software development.",NA
1653,InProceedings,The Emergence of Free and Open-Source Software on Campuses in Taiwan,"Free and open-source software (FOSS) is a technological artifact with strong social appeal. The semi-official FOSS initiatives were undertaken in 2003 when the Taiwanese government set up OSSACC (Open Source Software Application Consulting Centre) to promote FOSS on campuses. In these 10 years, FOSS on campuses has begun to find its local meanings and grasp teachers' and students' attention. The purpose of this paper is to investigate FOSS on campuses in Taiwan in terms of its development, its local significances and the difficulties encountered in promotion, in the hope of providing an understanding and interpretation of FOSS in the context of education. The results indicate that the majority of teachers and students do not recognize or identify with the cultural values embedded in FOSS but use it as a tool to solve educational problems. In order to promote the use of FOSS on campuses, efforts are needed to address the difficulties in the use of FOSS as well as cultural difficulties related to it.",10.1109/GHTC.2012.58
1654,InProceedings,The Evolving Structure and Function of Commercial Open Source Software   Ecosystems,"Commercial open source software firms depend on an ecosystem consisting   of individuals and organizations to develop and support the necessary   source code, services, and delivery conditions. The structure and   function of this ecosystem, as a social system and technological   platform, evolves based on its membership composition and the ensuing   differentiation and integration of these members' contributions. Based   on an explanatory case study, we conclude that researchers and   practitioners can benefit from an increased attention to these   composition and interactions within a given software ecosystem.",NA
1655,Article,"The National Alliance for Medical Image Computing, a roadmap initiative   to build a free and open source software infrastructure for   translational research in medical image analysis","The National Alliance for Medical Image Computing (NA-MIC), is a   multi-institutional, interdisciplinary community of researchers, who   share the recognition that modern health care demands improved   technologies to ease suffering and prolong productive life. Organized   under the National Centers for Biomedical Computing 7 years ago, the   mission of NA-MIC is to implement a robust and flexible open-source   infrastructure for developing and applying advanced imaging technologies   across a range of important biomedical research disciplines. A measure   of its success, NA-MIC is now applying this technology to diseases that   have immense impact on the duration and quality of life: cancer, heart   disease, trauma, and degenerative genetic diseases. The targets of this   technology range from group comparisons to subject-specific analysis.",10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000493
1657,Article,The barriers of Open Source Software (OSS) adaptation in Hungary: the   case of five cities,"Adaptation and implementation of Free/Open Source Software (OSS) by   different organisations have been a hot topic of numerous studies in the   last decade. In this pilot study (based on interviews with the   administrators in the municipalities) we examined the main factors   (environmental, structural and personal) of adaptation of OSS in five   Hungarian cities. The main findings are: in Hungary we could discern a   new way of adaptation that we can call `spontaneous adaptation'. The   main characteristic of this method is the lack of the   adaptation-decision by the political leaders of the municipality. We   also discern five steps in the implementation of OSSs that are   characterized by different impeding features.",NA
1658,Article,The case for open source software in aeronautics,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to promote the opportunities of   open source software (OSS) development in aeronautics. Using the   development of an open source framework for conceptual aircraft design   as an example, this paper discusses how an inter-organizational   collaboration between industry and academia can build an environment for   multi-disciplinary aircraft design projects.   Design/methodology/approach - The paper takes the form of a literature   study and comparison of software tools.   Findings - The open source model can facilitate the emergence of a large   inter-organizational community in aeronautics for developing a   comprehensive software framework.   Practical implications - Developing a general OSS framework for   conceptual aircraft design has the potential of attracting a large   community for inter-organizational collaboration on software tools for a   multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO) environment.   Originality/value - Using the concepts of open source in aeronautics has   the potential to improve the collaboration among industry and academia   on developing software tools for an MDO environment.",10.1108/00022661211221987
1659,InProceedings,The co-evolution of socio-technical structures in sustainable software development: lessons from the open source software communities,"Software development depends on many factors, including technical, human and social aspects. Due to the complexity of this dependence, a unifying framework must be defined and for this purpose we adopt the complex networks methodology. We use a data-driven approach based on a large collection of open source software projects extracted from online project development platforms. The preliminary results presented in this article reveal that the network perspective yields key insights into the sustainability of software development.",NA
1661,InCollection,The economics of free/open source software in industry,"Free and open source software has many attractive qualities, perhaps   none more so than the price tag. However, does `free' really mean free?   In this chapter, I consider the process of implementing FLOSS systems   within an enterprise environment. I highlight the hidden costs of such   deployments that must be considered and contrasted with commercial   alternatives. I also describe potential business models that would   support the adoption of FLOSS within industry by providing support,   training and bespoke customisation. Finally, the role of pre-competitive   initiatives and their relevance to supporting open source initiatives is   presented.",NA
1662,Article,The impact of operational support systems (OSS) on improving urban   public transport services,"Local authorities invest between 15 and 20\\% of their yearly budget in   urban transport. The excessive increase in motorization indexes in   developed countries produces irreversible damage to the environment and   impairs citizens' quality of life. Urban public transport can help to   improve people's wellbeing and achieve sustainable development in   cities. Operations support systems (OSS) are integral control systems   that, when applied to transportation networks, can provide the required   means to identify, regulate and manage the available resources in real   time. The main objective of this study was to examine the current   relationship between investment in OSS and improvement in the quality of   service in businesses providing urban transport services in local   settings in Spain. (C) 2011 ACEDE. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.   All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cede.2011.07.001
1664,Article,The impact of project capabilities on project performance: Case of open   source software projects,"Open Source Software (OSS) projects are contingent on volunteer   developers and voluntary contributions from users, accordingly,   traditional performance measures used for software projects, like being   on time and budget, and satisfying specifications, may not be relevant   for such projects. Although researchers have studied some predictors of   OSS project performance, there is a lack of empirical work that studies   the impact of project capabilities on the performance of OSS projects.   Therefore, this paper studies project capabilities as potential   predictors of OSS project performance. The data, gathered from 607 OSS   projects over time (in two snap-shots), were consistent with Dynamic   Capability Theory (DCT). In other words, the results showed that in   order to achieve higher project performance, OSS projects need to have   strong capabilities in terms of proactive and efficient defect-removal   as well as proactive and efficient functionality-enhancement. The   implications of these results for the OSS research community are   discussed, followed by recommendations for OSS practitioners. (C) 2011   Elsevier Ltd. APM and IPMA. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.10.002
1666,Article,Toward a Community of Innovation in Community-Based Natural Resource   Management: Insights from Open Source Software,"Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is an environmental   governance approach that deals with complex and interwoven ecological   problems through a participatory environmental management framework.   Practitioner, donor, and academic interest in this strategy is on the   rise, and successful CBNRM organizations are experiencing internal and   external pressures to help ``transfer{''} their knowledge and   experiences to other contexts and scales. If organized through the   traditional top-down diffusion of innovation approach, many barriers to   CBNRM transfer exist, beginning with organizational costs that may   outweigh potential benefits. However, reframed as a more ``open{''} and   emergent process, the burdens of transfer may be reduced and benefits   increased. We draw on an analogy from the Open Source Software (OSS)   movement to suggest an organizational rationale for exchange and   principles such as ``porting,{''} the ``kernel,{''} ``copyleft,{''} and   ``forking{''} that can guide CBNRM and for community-based organizations   challenged to share their approach to conservation.",10.17730/humo.71.3.200w0j1266306t79
1668,InProceedings,"Toward a framework for Implementing Open Source Software in Public   Administrations: Legal, Economic and Societal Aspects","This research is a first step toward a framework for implementing open   source software in public administrations.   Based on the analysis of several previous projects of implemantation of   open source software in the public administrations of European countries   - both sucessful and unsucessful - it addresses areas crucial for   creating well-defined policies and success of implementation:   understanding of legal, economic and societal aspects of open source   software.",10.2498/iti.2012.0468
1675,InProceedings,Train and retain: the impact of mentoring on the retention of FLOSS developers,"The acquisition of new knowledge is a critical task for software development. IT companies spend considerable resources in the training of their employees to succeed in a continuously changing industry. Depending on the voluntary commitment of their contributors, initiatives developing Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) identified members' learning and their retention as vital. Although contributors' knowledge building has been repeatedly found to facilitate their project continuance, FLOSS projects are lacking operational advices on how to assist their members' learning. Drawing on previous literature which emphasizes project members' social interactions and their practical experiences to build new knowledge, we propose mentoring as a training method for FLOSS projects. Based on organizational experiences, we propose a measure to evaluate mentoring as an appropriate strategy for FLOSS initiatives to facilitate individuals' learning and to retain their contributors on longitudinal base.",10.1145/2214091.2214112
1676,InProceedings,"UNIVERSITY CHALLENGES AND FREE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (FOSS). OPENING   MINDS, CLOSING GAPS","The need to establish a more complete and far-reaching Europe,   strengthening its intellectual, cultural, social, scientific and   technological dimensions was emphasized in the Bologna Declaration,   signed by the European Ministers of Education in 1999. Since then,   European universities have been involved in the development of the   so-called European Higher Education Area (EHEA), including the adoption   of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees, the European   co-operation in quality assurance, and the promotion of mobility and   European dimension in higher education.   In this framework, the use of Free Open Source Software (FOSS) could   provide several advantages, related to both the freedom given to users   and the strengths of its peer-to-peer development model. In fact, some   of the most outstanding characteristics of the FOSS (free, democratic,   sustainable and technologically competitive educational model,   cooperative and competitive relationships,.) result to be coincident   with the main aims of the European Higher Education Area.   In this paper we describe the role that this Free Open Source Software   could play in the University context, also providing some statistical   evidence about FOSS penetration and its recent evolution. Furthermore,   since the implementation of the new university degrees can be considered   as a ``break point{''}, we briefly describe our FOSS experiences at the   University of Oviedo, involving Statistics and Econometrics.   Finally, we summarize the conclusions and describe the main challenges   that FOSS must face during the coming years.",NA
1678,InProceedings,"URBAN AREAS AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION USING REMOTE SENSING DATA AND OPEN   SOURCE SOFTWARE: SOFIA CASE STUDY, BULGARIA","Urban sprawl represents one of the most significant landscape   transformations with the increasing rate of negative impact on the   environment. Urbanization is one of the major environmental problems at   the present time and in the near future. The study of changes in   urbanization is crucial for urban planning, environmental protection and   resource management. Remote sensing data is one of the main sources of   information for mapping and monitoring land use/cover and its change,   particularly related to urbanization. This study focuses on the   investigation of urban areas in Sofia city, Bulgaria using satellite   imagery and Open Source Software. In order to examine an appropriate   method for mapping urban areas, the automatic image classification is   performed by ORFEO Toolbox (OTB) - Monteverdi Application for   MS-Windows. The extraction of urban areas is tested using unsupervised   and supervised classification techniques.",NA
1679,InProceedings,Understanding OSS Peer Review Roles in Peer Review Social Network   (PeRSoN),"Due to the distributed collaborations and the volunteering nature of   Open Source Software (OSS), OSS peer review processes differs from   traditional approaches. Despite the latest research efforts to   understand OSS peer review processes, very little is known. Unlike   related work, this study investigates OSS peer review processes from a   different perspective. We investigate the importance of OSS peer review   contributor roles and their review activities by using social network   analysis (SNA), proposed as PeRSoN (Peer Review Social Network). As a   case study, we extracted and analyzed the review process of Android Open   Source Project (AOSP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first   research constructing social networks from mining a peer review   repository. Our preliminary results provided hints on relationships   among the OSS peer review contributor roles, their activities, and the   network structure. The results raised issues that will be used to refine   our approach in the future.",10.1109/APSEC.2012.63
1681,Article,Understanding Open Source Software at NASA,"To provide a framework for comparing and understanding open source   software at NASA, the authors describe a set of relevant dimensions and   decision points that NASA and other government agencies can use in   formulating an open source strategy.",10.1109/MITP.2011.118
1683,InProceedings,Utilizing Web 2.0 and Free Open Source Software to Advance E-Learning in   Developing Countries,"E-Iearning success is dependent on effective and efficient delivery of   teaching and learning contents electronically. New technological   innovations have greatly facilitated e-learning and have made it   conducive to those who can afford. Developed countries have   significantly benefited from these innovations whereas developing   economies are still battling with the many challenges that have hindered   e-learning success. The advent of Web 2.0 and Free Open Source Software   (FOSS) would have been seen as the breakthrough for the developing   economies to embrace e-learning. However, many factors still impede the   utilization of these technologies for e-learning. The major objective of   this paper is to discuss the factors that hinder institutions from   utilizing Web 2.0 and FOSS for e-learning. Content analysis was used to   evaluate the factors that had been identified in literature and to tally   them according to their frequency. 36 factors were deduced and analyzed   using structural equation modeling (SEM) method. Results indicated that   technological factors predominantly impact on the utilization of Web 2.0   and FOSS for e-learning. The framework of this study serves as a   guideline in the use of Web 2.0 and FOSS technologies for e-learning.",NA
1685,InCollection,Utilizing open source software to facilitate communication of chemistry   at RSC,"The Royal Society of Chemistry is one of the world's premier chemistry   publishers and has an established reputation for the development of   award-winning platforms such as Prospect and ChemSpider. Using a small   but agile in-house development team, we have combined commercial and   open source software tools to develop the platforms necessary to deliver   capabilities to our community of users. This book chapter will review   the systems that have been developed in-house, what they deliver to the   community, the challenges encountered in developing our systems and   utilizing open source code, and how we have extended available code to   make it fit-for-purpose.",NA
1686,Article,"VMStools: Open-source software for the processing, analysis and   visualisation of fisheries logbook and VMS data","VMStools is a package of open-source software, build using the freeware   environment R. specifically developed for the processing, analysis and   visualisation of landings (logbooks) and vessel location data (VMS) from   commercial fisheries. Analyses start with standardized data formats for   logbook (EFLALO) and VMS (TACSAT), enabling users to conduct a variety   of analyses using generic algorithms. Embedded functionality handles   erroneous data point detection and removal, m tier identification   through the use of clustering techniques, linking logbook and VMS data   together in order to distinguish fishing from other activities, provide   high-resolution maps of both fishing effort and -landings, interpolate   vessel tracks, calculate indicators of fishing impact as listed under   the Data Collection Framework at different spatio-temporal scales.   Finally data can be transformed into other existing formats, for example   to populate regional databases like FishFrame. This paper describes   workflow examples of these features while online material allows a head   start to perform these analyses. This software incorporates state-of-the   art VMS and logbook analysing methods standardizing the process towards   obtaining pan-European, or even worldwide indicators of fishing   distribution and impact as required for spatial planning. (c) 2011   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.007
1687,InCollection,Validation and regulatory compliance of free/open source software,"Open source systems offer a number of advantages, but the need to   formally validate some open source applications can be a challenge where   there is no clearly defined `software vendor'. In these cases the   regulated company must assume responsibility for controlling a validated   open source application that is subject to ongoing change in the wider   software development community. Key to this is knowing which open source   applications require validation, identifying the additional risks posed   by the use of open source software and understanding how standard   risk-based validation models need to be adapted for use with software   that is subject to ongoing refinement.",NA
1688,Article,WOMEN IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE INNOVATION PROCESS: WHERE ARE THEY?,"The Open Source Software (OSS) Innovation process is no more a foreign   face in the software development community as it is increasingly being   used as a platform for modern software innovation both in the commercial   and software research community. Although the concept of freedom is   mostly prominent with the OSS innovation process, less than 2\\% of the   contributors are women in this male-dominated area. Minorities,   including women, are often ignored in its process. This paper presents   the case of lack of participation from women in the OSS innovation   process. Lack of participation and contributions from women in OSS   innovation creates an imbalanced population in the OSS-based knowledge   demography and an unbalanced proportion of gender distribution. Based on   a comprehensive review, this paper aims to suggest a   Constructivist-Technofeminist-OSS Innovation Process framework for   understanding female contributions in OSS innovation, not only from a   singular point of technical view, but also from social constructivist   and feminist perspectives.",NA
1689,InProceedings,What Make Long Term Contributors: Willingness and Opportunity in OSS   Community,"To survive and succeed, software projects need to attract and retain   contributors. We model the individual's chances to become a valuable   contributor through her capacity, willingness, and the opportunity to   contribute at the time of joining. Using issue tracking data of Mozilla   and Gnome, we find that the probability for a new joiner to become a   Long Term Contributor (LTC) is associated with her willingness and   environment. Specifically, during their first month, future LTCs tend to   be more active and show more community-oriented attitude than other   joiners. Joiners who start by commenting on instead of reporting an   issue or ones who succeed to get at least one reported issue to be   fixed, more than double their odds of becoming an LTC. The micro-climate   with a productive and clustered peer group increases the odds. On the   contrary, the macro-climate with high project popularity and the   micro-climate with low attention from peers reduce the odds. This   implies that the interaction between individual's attitude and project's   climate are associated with the odds that an individual would become a   valuable contributor or disengage from the project. Our findings may   provide a basis for empirical approaches to design a better community   architecture and to improve the experience of contributors.",NA
1691,InProceedings,What make long term contributors: willingness and opportunity in OSS community,"To survive and succeed, software projects need to attract and retain contributors. We model the individual's chances to become a valuable contributor through their capacity, willingness, and the opportunity to contribute at the time of joining. Using issue tracking data of Mozilla and Gnome, we find that the probability for a new joiner to become a Long Term Contributor (LTC) is associated with her willingness and environment. Specifically, during their first month, future LTCs tend to be more active and show more community-oriented attitude than other joiners. Joiners who start by commenting on instead of reporting an issue or ones who succeed to get at least one reported issue to be fixed, more than double their odds of becoming an LTC. The macro-climate with high project relative sociality and the micro-climate with a large, productive, and clustered peer group increase the odds. On the contrary, the macro-climate with high project popularity and the micro-climate with low attention from peers reduce the odds. This implies that the interaction between individual's attitude and project's climate are associated with the odds that an individual would become a valuable contributor or disengage from the project. Our findings may provide a basis for empirical approaches to design a better community architecture and to improve the experience of contributors.",NA
1693,InProceedings,Who Will Remain? An Evaluation of Actual Person-Job and Person-Team Fit to Predict Developer Retention in FLOSS Projects,"Many businesses and private households rely on Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). Due to a lack of sustained contributors, however, most FLOSS projects do not survive. The early identification of developers who are likely to remain is thus an eminent challenge for the management of FLOSS initiatives. Previous research has shown that individuals' subjective assessment is often inaccurate emphasizing the need to objectively evaluate retention behavior. Consistent with the concepts Person-Job (P-J) and Person-Team (P-T) fit from the traditional recruitment literature, we derive objective measures to predict developer retention in FLOSS projects. In an analysis of the contribution behavior of former Google Summer of Code (GSoC) students we reveal that the level of development experience and conversational knowledge is strongly associated with retention. Surprisingly, our analysis reveals that students with abilities that are underrepresented in the project and students with a higher academic education do not remain considerably longer.",10.1109/HICSS.2012.644
1694,Article,Why do commercial companies contribute to open source software?,"Many researchers have pointed out that the open source movement is an   interesting phenomenon that is difficult to explain with conventional   economic theories. However, while there is no shortage on research on   individuals' motivation for contributing to open source, few have   investigated the commercial companies' motivations for doing the same. A   case study was conducted at three different companies from the IT   service industry, to investigate three possible drivers: sale of   complimentary services, innovation and opensourcing (outsourcing). We   offer three conclusions.   First, we identified three main drivers for contributing to open source,   which are (a) selling complimentary services, (b) building greater   innovative capability and (c) cost reduction through opensourcing to an   external community. Second, while previous research has documented that   the most important driver is selling complimentary services, we found   that this picture is too simple. Our evidence points to a broader set of   motivations, in the sense that all our cases exhibit combinations of the   three drivers. Finally, our findings suggest that there might be a shift   in how commercial companies view open source software. The companies   interviewed have all expressed a moral obligation to contribute to open   source. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.10.003
1696,Article,{ADOPTION} {OF} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE} {FOR} {ENHANCING} {CUSTOMER} {SATISFACTION}: {A} {CASE} {STUDY} {FROM} {CANADIAN} {EDUCATIONAL} {SECTOR},"This paper aims to examine the adoption of open source software (OSS) for enhancing customer satisfaction. A well known Canadian university adopted OSS for enhancing their services to the students which increased the level of satisfaction. In this paper we intend to use a case study approach to explore the adoption of OSS for increase in customer satisfaction. This paper would help to further enhance our understanding regarding the issues and challenges faced by organizations while adopting OSS. It would also illustrate the objectives of the organizations for OSS adoption for improving customer experience and engagement which ultimately leads to customer satisfaction. This paper describes issues, and challenges faced by organizations in adopting OSS and how this new technology can be efficiently used for increasing customer satisfaction. The other organizations in the service sector can adopt OSS to increase the customer's level of satisfaction. The targeted audiences are (i) the organizations in the service sector who are planning to adopt open source software to increase their customer satisfaction (ii) academic researchers examining the OSS adoption. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1697,Article,{CARROTS} {AND} {RAINBOWS}: {MOTIVATION} {AND} {SOCIAL} {PRACTICE} {IN} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE} {DEVELOPMENT},"Open source software (OSS) is a social and economic phenomenon that raises fundamental questions about the motivations of contributors to information systems development. Some developers are unpaid volunteers who seek to solve their own technical problems, while others create OSS as part of their employment contract. For the past 10 years, a substantial amount of academic work has theorized about and empirically examined developer motivations. We review this work and suggest considering motivation in terms of the values of the social practice in which developers participate. Based on the social philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre, we construct a theoretical framework that expands our assumptions about individual motivation to include the idea of a long-term, value-informed quest beyond short-term rewards. This motivation-practice framework depicts how the social practice and its supporting institutions mediate between individual motivation and outcome. The framework contains three theoretical conjectures that seek to explain how collectively elaborated standards of excellence prompt developers to produce high-quality software, change institutions, and sustain OSS development. From the framework, we derive six concrete propositions and suggest a new research agenda on motivation in OSS. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1698,Article,"{GANZ} {RASCH}"": {A} {Free} {Software} for {Categorical} {Data} {Analysis}","This article presents a new and freely available tool for performing analyses according to the Rasch model (RM) and the latent class analysis (LCA). The software allows for the estimation of the model parameters and offers several measures of model fit. A graphical user interface (GUI) provides access to numerous options regarding data, models, and output. For educational purposes, an optional annotate feature allows to augment the output with brief explanations and citations regarding the procedures. Based on published data, the features of GANZ RASCH are briefly illustrated in two worked examples. The program intends to combine ease of use while allowing for performing a full-fledged analysis, thus targeting a wide range of users. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]",10.1177/0894439311417222
1699,Article,{GOVERNMENT} {IT} {PROCUREMENT} {PROCESSES} {AND} {FREE} {SOFTWARE},"US government procurement guidelines -- including those for information technology (IT) purchases -- were created and, over many years, have been refined to increase efficiency in purchasing by fostering competition and preventing agency problems and biased decision making. One way federal procurement regulations advance public interest is by seeking ""optimal"" or ""best"" value in purchasing decisions. For each purchasing option, one determines the net benefit, which is a discounted difference between all present and future costs and benefits. This study considers the implications of pricing thresholds on government procurement processes in light of the advent and increasing use of free enterprise software. Researchers conducted a randomized Web-based survey of 138 government procurement officials (IT managers). The results indicate that free software may provide procurement officials with an opportunity to bypass institutionalized procurement best practices. The fieldwork indicates that IT purchases made through a full procurement process may enjoy a higher level of satisfaction than purchases of paid and free software acquired with limited or no procurement process review.",NA
1701,Article,{TIM} {Lecture} {Series} - {Growing} a {Global} {Company} {Anchored} on {Open} {Source} {Software},NA,NA
1702,Article,A Dynamic View of the Impact of Network Structure on Technology   Adoption: The Case of OSS Development,"We examine how network centrality and closure, two key aspects of   network structure, affect technology adoption. In doing so, we consider   the content of potential information flows within the network and argue   that the impact of network structure on technology adoption can be   better understood by separately examining its impact from two groups of   alters-current and potential adopters. We contend that increased network   centrality and closure among current adopters contribute positively to   adoption, whereas the same among potential adopters has exactly the   opposite impact. Accordingly, we propose a dynamic view where the   fraction of current adopters in the network positively moderates the   impact of network centrality and closure. We empirically test the theory   by analyzing the adoption of software version control technology by open   source software projects. Our results strongly support the theory.",10.1287/isre.2013.0494
1703,InProceedings,A FRAMEWORK TO ANALYZE E-GOVERNMENT OSS ADOPTION BENEFITS   Research-in-Progress,"Open source software (OSS) previously regarded as a fad by many   academics has been rapidly adopted by both public and private sector   organizations. The challenge facing most organizations is how to   evaluate OSS adoption benefits. OSS adoption is a complex phenomenon   which requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the   socio-technical, political, economic and legal benefits. The complexity   of the OSS phenomenon has resulted in fiercely contested, contradictory   rhetorical discussions among divided parties with no conclusive general   agreement. The one size fits all approach is fundamentally flawed for   evaluating OSS benefits in organizations as they are both subjective and   contextual. In this paper we propose a framework to balance the needs of   hard (objective) benefits and soft (subjective) benefits of OSS adoption   in public sector organizations. This paper proposes a framework to   evaluate benefits of OSS adoption in public-sector organizations, since   one-size-fits-all approaches have shortcomings to complex phenomena.",NA
1704,Article,A GENERIC OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING SCENARIO SIMULATIONS   IN BIOTERRORIST CRISES,"Since the 2001 anthrax attack in the United States, awareness of threats   originating from bioterrorism has grown. This led internationally to   increased research efforts to improve knowledge of and approaches to   protecting human and animal populations against the threat from such   attacks. A collaborative effort in this context is the extension of the   open-source Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) simulation and   modeling software for agro- or bioterrorist crisis scenarios. STEM,   originally designed to enable community-driven public health disease   models and simulations, was extended with new features that enable   integration of proprietary data as well as visualization of agent spread   along supply and production chains. STEM now provides a fully developed   open-source software infrastructure supporting critical modeling tasks   such as ad hoc model generation, parameter estimation, simulation of   scenario evolution, estimation of effects of mitigation or management   measures, and documentation. This open-source software resource can be   used free of charge. Additionally, STEM provides critical features like   built-in worldwide data on administrative boundaries, transportation   networks, or environmental conditions (eg, rainfall, temperature,   elevation, vegetation). Users can easily combine their own confidential   data with built-in public data to create customized models of desired   resolution. STEM also supports collaborative and joint efforts in crisis   situations by extended import and export functionalities. In this   article we demonstrate specifically those new software features   implemented to accomplish STEM application in agro- or bioterrorist   crisis scenarios.",10.1089/bsp.2012.0071
1705,InProceedings,A MODEL FOR CREATING AND SUSTAINING INFORMATION SERVICES PLATFORM   COMMUNITIES: LESSONS LEARNT FROM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Many research institutions are building cloud-based information services   platforms (ISPs) that enable their researchers, scientists, and the   general public use information assets, share knowledge and experience,   and create sustainable communities. However, there is no guarantee that   when you build an ISP this will happen. Part of the problem is because   ISP providers lack the model to help them facilitate the building of   sustainable communities. In this paper, we present a model for creating   and sustaining communities on the ISP being developed by the National   Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) of Japan.   Inspired by the way Open Source software communities operate, we   describe the model concept, its settings, and the tools ISP communities   may need to support their contribution towards the development of   products and services. Our experience in the design and implementation   of the model provides useful insights into emerging ICT trends and the   means for ISP providers to identify, at an early stage, the requirements   for creating successful products and services ecosystem.",NA
1707,InProceedings,A Review of Models for Evaluating Quality in Open Source Software,"Open source products/projects targeting the same or similar applications   are common nowadays. This makes choosing a tricky task. Quality is one   factor that can be considered when choosing among similar open source   solutions. In order to measure quality in software, quality models can   be used. Open source quality models emerged due to the inability of   traditional quality models to measure unique features (such as   community) of open source software. The aim of the paper therefore is to   examine the characteristic features, unique strengths, and limitations   of existing open source quality models. In addition, we compare the   models based on some selected attributes. (C) 2013 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.ieri.2013.11.014
1708,InProceedings,A Study on Practices against Malware in Free Software Projects,"Many popular applications are developed using a free software model, through the collaborative effort of a community which makes the source code available for free. Unfortunately, malicious third parties may attempt to take advantage of this combination of popularity and openness by introducing software components that infect end-users who install the application. To reduce this security risk, several technical procedures and community management practices can be used during software development and distribution. This paper studies these procedures in the free source domain and evaluates their application in two widely-used open source projects, Symfonyand Chromium.",10.1109/WAINA.2013.245
1709,InProceedings,A Support System for Generating SCORM Compliant Open Source Software   Usage Manuals,"Open Source Software (OSS) is software whose source code that is open to   the public through the Internet. Currently, OSS is widely used in many   aspects of IT society. Because OSS development is community based,   unlike commercial software, the lack of good documentation or the   maintenance of manuals is one of the main problems of using OSS. Due to   its rapid development, OSS manuals become easily obsolete. Moreover, the   installation or the usage varies depending on the operating system. To   solve the documentation problems, Murakami et al. proposed a method of   automatically generating a web manual for installing an OSS by editing   the log information recorded during the installation process.   Unfortunately, the web manual generated by this system was not suitable   for wide use in learning management systems. Therefore, this paper   extends the system by Murakami et al. to one with the ability to deliver   an automatically generated Web manual on an e-learning management   system, modify the content of the manual, and skip unnecessary   information in the learning process. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.134
1710,Article,A free software for sand and gravel embayed beach modelling: PhoEbuS-   parabolic equation shape,"An in-depth knowledge of the littoral system is essential for its   conservation and for an accurate planning of due interventions. The   parabolic bay shape equation, used to study the embayed beach planform,   is a qualitatively assessed instrument to obtain information about beach   equilibrium conditions. Nowadays the equation has been extended in order   to be applicable not only to sand beaches but also to gravel beaches. In   this paper Phoebus user-friendly software for an automatic use of the   extended parabolic bay shape equation is presented. The software enables   both technical experts and non-professionals to conduct expeditious   analysis in order to evaluate the evolution and equilibrium conditions   of embayed littoral beaches lying between natural headlands or man-made   structures, as well as to artificially recreate stable embayed beaches   by building new artificial structures on open beaches. The software can   be also used for coastal planning, to anticipate beach modifications in   response to new building or to changes in pre-existing structures.   Highlights   1. Development of a free software to automatically compute embayed beach   planform   2. The system can be used on every type of beach image   3. The software allows to display the planform both for sand and gravel   beaches   4. Software reliability was demonstrated for natural and artificial bay   beaches.",10.1007/s12145-013-0122-6
1713,Article,A {Guerilla} {Usability} {Lab} with {Free} {Software},"Usability, or the quality of a user's experience when interacting with a system, is a prerequisite for new application delivery within their organization. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of the applications being developed explicitly ignore current best practices. Here, the authors describe a portable, low-cost usability lab targeted at in-house developers, stakeholders, and other interested parties. With it, they aim to empower and encourage development teams across organizations to perform small-scale, routine usability testing. A usability lab is, in essence, an observation platform for learning from the interaction between a participant and an application. Their experience shows that setting up an observation platform with enough quality for usability testing can be done with relative ease, without licensing fees or special platform requirements. If you want to get developers onboard, don't theorize but rather show them the code: Get familiar with their jargon, understand their tools and processes.",NA
1714,InProceedings,AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PLATFORM FOR VISUALIZING AND TEACHING   CONSERVATION TASKS IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ENVIRONMENTS,"In this work we present a new software platform for interactive   volumetric visualization of complex architectural objects and their   applications to teaching and training conservation interventions in   Architectural Cultural Heritage. Photogrammetric surveying is performed   by processing the information arising from image-and range-based   devices. Our visualization application is based on an adaptation of   WebGL open standard; the performed adaptation allows to import open   standards and an interactive navigation of 3D models in ordinary web   navigators with a good performance. The Visualization platform is   scalable and can be applied to urban environments, provided open source   files be used; CityGML is an open standard based on a geometry -driven   Ontology which is compatible with this approach. We illustrate our   results with examples concerning to very damaged churches and a urban   district of Segovia (World Cultural Heritage). Their connection with   appropriate database eases the building evolution and interventions   tracking. We have incorporated some preliminary examples to illustrate   Advanced Visualization Tools and architectural e-Learning software   platform which have been created for assessing conservation and   restoration tasks in very damaged buildings. First version of the   Advanced Visualization application has been developed in the framework   of ADISPA Spanish Project Results. Our results are illustrated with the   application of these software applications to several very damaged   cultural heritage buildings in rural zones of Castilla y Leon (Spain).",NA
1715,Article,AUREA: an open-source software system for accurate and user-friendly   identification of relative expression molecular signatures,"Background: Public databases such as the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus   contain extensive and exponentially increasing amounts of   high-throughput data that can be applied to molecular phenotype   characterization. Collectively, these data can be analyzed for such   purposes as disease diagnosis or phenotype classification. One family of   algorithms that has proven useful for disease classification is based on   relative expression analysis and includes the Top-Scoring Pair (TSP),   k-Top-Scoring Pairs (k-TSP), Top-Scoring Triplet (TST) and Differential   Rank Conservation (DIRAC) algorithms. These relative expression analysis   algorithms hold significant advantages for identifying interpretable   molecular signatures for disease classification, and have been   implemented previously on a variety of computational platforms with   varying degrees of usability. To increase the user-base and maximize the   utility of these methods, we developed the program AUREA (Adaptive   Unified Relative Expression Analyzer)-a cross-platform tool that has a   consistent application programming interface (API), an easy-to-use   graphical user interface (GUI), fast running times and automated   parameter discovery.   Results: Herein, we describe AUREA, an efficient, cohesive, and   user-friendly open-source software system that comprises a suite of   methods for relative expression analysis. AUREA incorporates existing   methods, while extending their capabilities and bringing uniformity to   their interfaces. We demonstrate that combining these algorithms and   adaptively tuning parameters on the training sets makes these algorithms   more consistent in their performance and demonstrate the effectiveness   of our adaptive parameter tuner by comparing accuracy across diverse   datasets.   Conclusions: We have integrated several relative expression analysis   algorithms and provided a unified interface for their implementation   while making data acquisition, parameter fixing, data merging, and   results analysis `point- and -click' simple. The unified interface and   the adaptive parameter tuning of AUREA provide an effective framework in   which to investigate the massive amounts of publically available data by   both `in silico' and `bench' scientists. AUREA can be found at   http://price.systemsbiology.net/AUREA/.",10.1186/1471-2105-14-78
1716,Article,Acceptance of open source software amongst Thai users: an integrated   model approach,"This research is one of the first few to investigate the acceptance of   open source software in the context of developing countries, in this   case Thailand. It also proposes a comprehensive model that integrates   individual, social, and software characteristics to measure the   acceptance of open source software. Based on the three-pronged approach,   the study puts forward an integrated model consisting of the extended   technology model, the innovation diffusion theory and software   characteristics. A full-scale field survey of 1,005 open source software   users was undertaken and both convergent and discriminant validities   were conducted. The results of the structural equation modeling   illustrate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention   to use, output quality, compatibility, software functionality, and   software maintainability have a statistically positive relationship with   open source software acceptance. Contrary to most studies, which did not   find a positive relationship between visibility and trialability towards   the acceptance of open source software, it is interesting to observe   that this study did find a positive relationship. Conclusions and   discussions of the findings, and their academic and practical   implications are also presented.",10.1177/0266666912465880
1717,Article,Adoption of free and open source software within high-velocity firms,"Free and open source software (FOSS) solutions are not only considered   to be a disruptive force in the proprietary software industry but have   helped firms deliver efficient and proficient processes and position   themselves in global supply networks. The purpose of this study was to   conduct an investigation of FOSS adoption in firms operating in   high-velocity environments and identify factors that have an impact on   the adoption process. Primary data were gathered from a cluster of firms   operating in a high-velocity environment. The results provide an insight   about the FOSS adoption process to both practitioners and academics   alike. Our results indicate that performance attitude of managers, data   regulation and facilitating conditions are important determinants of a   firm's behavioural intention (BI) to adopt and use FOSS. Interestingly,   influences from social and organisational domains have little effect on   a firm's BI to adopt FOSS solutions. Overall, the article provides a   structure to FOSS adoption which is relevant to managers and academics.",10.1080/0144929X.2011.596995
1718,InProceedings,Agile software development with open source software in a hospital environment: case study of an eCRF-System for orthopaedical studies,"In recent years, agile development of web-based applications as well as open-source software (OSS) have been subject to research and practical application in many domains. For the healthcare sector, the use of OSS has been studied in the literature with contradicting findings. Regarding OSS in clinical applications, mainly case studies from hospital-wide IS have been reported. Agile methods have been examined merely in the context of healthcare software product development. However, the development of web-based applications in clinical departments using agile methods and OSS has not been studied so far. Thus, in this paper the feasibility of such an approach is examined for an electronic case report form (eCRF) application for orthopaedical studies. It is demonstrated how OSS-based web engineering projects may be successfully accomplished in highly specialized environments like clinical departments by properly taking into account their specific requirements.",10.1007/978-3-642-39200-9_37
1719,Article,All Are Not Equal: An Examination of the Economic Returns to Different   Forms of Participation in Open Source Software Communities,"Open source software (OSS) communities live and die with the continuous   contributions of programmers who often participate without direct   remuneration. An intriguing question is whether such sustained   participation in OSS projects yields economic benefits to the   participants. Moreover, as participants engage in OSS projects, they   take on different roles and activities in the community. This raises   additional questions of whether different forms of participation in OSS   communities are associated with different economic rewards and, if so,   in which contexts. In this paper, we draw upon theories of signaling and   job matching to hypothesize that participants who possess ``proof{''} of   their skills in OSS projects are financially rewarded for their   activities in the labor market. More specifically, we distinguish   between participation in OSS communities that is associated with a   signaling value for unobserved productivity characteristics and an   additional value that accrues to participants whose OSS roles and   activities match those in their paid employment. Following a cohort of   OSS programmers over a six-year period, we empirically examine the wages   and OSS performance of participants in three of the foremost OSS   projects operating within the Apache Software Foundation. Controlling   for individual characteristics and other wage-related factors, our   findings reveal that credentials earned through a merit-based ranking   system are associated with as much as an 18\\% increase in wages.   Moreover, we find that participants who have OSS project management   responsibilities receive additional financial rewards if their   professional job is in IT management. These findings suggest that rank   within an OSS meritocracy is a credible and precise signal of   participants' productive capacity and that participants' roles and   activities in an OSS community have additional financial value when   aligned with their paid employment.",10.1287/isre.2013.0474
1721,Article,All complaints are not created equal: text analysis of open source   software defect reports,"As the use of Open Source Software (OSS) systems increases in the   corporate environment, it is important to examine the maintenance   process of these projects. OSS projects allow end users to directly   submit reports in case of any operational issues. Timely resolution of   these defect reports requires effective management of maintenance   resources. This study analyzes the usefulness of the textual content of   the defect reports as an early indicator of their resolution time. Text   Mining techniques are used to categorize defect reports of five OSS   projects. Significant variation in the defect resolution time amongst   the resulting categories, for each of the sample projects, indicates   that a text based classification of defect reports can be useful in   early assessment of resolution time before source code level analysis.   Such technique can assist in allocation of sufficient maintenance   resources to targeted defects and also enable project teams to manage   customer expectations regarding defect resolution times.",10.1007/s10664-012-9197-9
1723,InProceedings,An Empirical Illustration to Validate a FLOSS Development Model Using S-Shaped Curves,"Open source software (OSS) or Free/Libre OSS (FLOSS) has become an interesting source of research in software engineering. However, it has been criticized that FLOSS development is often considered as a homogeneous phenomenon grounded by assumptions rather than empirical evidence. Proper empirical methods that can shed light into FLOSS development are desirable. In this paper, we propose an empirical method to validate a software development model for FLOSS, the Adapted Staged Model for FLOSS. We mined some selected metrics from Apache Ivy and study their evolution using S-shaped curves. Our results indicate that S-shaped curves can model software evolution well for Ivy. Moreover, we demonstrated that our method can be used to identify successfully different stages of its development, validating part of the Adapted Staged Model for FLOSS.",10.1109/ICSM.2013.74
1726,InProceedings,An Initial Investigation into Change-Based Reconstruction of   Floss-Refactorings,"Today, it is widely accepted that if refactoring is applied in practice,   it is mainly interweaved with normal software development - so called   ``floss refactoring{''}. Unfortunately, the current state-of-the-art is   poorly equipped to mine floss refactoring from version histories, mainly   because they infer refactorings by comparing two snapshots of a system   and making educated guesses about the precise edit operations applied in   between. In this paper we propose a solution that reconstructs   refactorings not on snapshots of a system but using the actual changes   as they are performed in an integrated development environment. We   compare our solution against RefFinder and demonstrate that on a small   yet representative program (the well-known ``VideoRental system{''}) our   approach is more accurate in identifying occurrences of the   ``MOVEMETHOD{''} and ``RENAMEMETHOD{''} refactorings.",10.1109/ICSM.2013.53
1728,InProceedings,An M2M Data Analysis Service System Based on Open Source Software Environments,"Data analysis in a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) service system should concurrently satisfy three requirements, massive data analysis, real-time data analysis, and deep data analysis. However, for this purpose, it is necessary to introduce costly software products such as a Data Stream Management System (DSMS) into M2M service system. In this paper, we propose an M2M data analysis service system using open source software environments, such as SQLite and R, for small-and medium-sized M2M service system. In this study, we evaluate the proposed system based on an application scenario assuming a demand response system smart grid, and extract challenges for the future.",10.1109/WAINA.2013.124
1730,InProceedings,An open source software approach to combine simulation and optimization   of business processes,"Business processes of modern companies are characterized by a huge   complexity which is caused for example by quickly changing markets,   short product life cycles or dynamic interactions between particular   subsystems of a company. Business process management is intended to   implement efficient and customer orientated processes whereby the   simulation of business processes can be used to evaluate the quality of   processes and to identify areas of improvements. Since real business   processes usually contain decision processes which can be solved by   optimization systems, it makes sense to,combine the simulation and the   optimization of business processes. (Marz et.al. 2010, p 3ff.)   As an example of a reasonable combined simulation and optimization of   business processes, the navigation in a road network is discussed in   this paper. Consider vehicles seeking the fastest route from a starting   node to a target node using a navigation system. The amount of time   spent driving on an arc is influenced by the distance and the amount of   the vehicles on this arc and is continuously changing. The structure of   the road network and the traffic within the network is described in a   simulation model while the fastest path decisions of each vehicle are   made by using an optimization system. There is obviously a relationship   between the individual decisions made for each of the vehicles and the   state of the entire network.   The aim of this paper is to describe how a combined simulation and   optimization of business processes can be created through using   EPC-Simulator (Muller 2012) as a simulation system and CMPL (Steglich   and Schleiff 2010) as an optimization system where the network traffic   simulation is used exemplarily.",10.7148/2013-0808
1731,InProceedings,An open source software forge for European projects,"Open Source is an increasingly interesting vehicle for dissemination of project results within the R&amp;D and ICT FP7 communities. PROSE, an FP7 ICT project, is promoting open source adoption by creating a software forge that provides project management, source code hosting, and development support for the ICT and European open source projects. In this paper we present the key requirements for a software forge resulting from a public consultation of projects in the European space, and the corresponding instantiation of an open source software forge, publicly available at opensourceprojects.eu. We also discuss the relevance of a centralized collaboration platform for European projects, and the value presented by such an approach as opposed to current source code repositories.",10.1145/2503848.2503857
1732,InProceedings,Analysis of FLOSS Communities as Learning Contexts,"It can be argued that participating in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects can have a positive effect in the contributor's learning process. The need to collaborate with other contributors and to contribute to a project can motivate and implicitly foster learning. In order to validate such statements, it is necessary to (1) study the interactions between FLOSS projects' participants, and (2) explore the didactical value of participating in FLOSS projects, designing an appropriate questionnaire asking FLOSS contributors about their experience in FLOSS projects. In this paper, we illustrate how this questionnaire was designed and disseminated. We conclude the paper with results from 27 FLOSS projects contributors, determining that, not only they contribute and collaborate to the project and its community, but also that FLOSS contributors see that this type of activity can be regarded as a complement to formal education.",10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_29
1733,InCollection,Analyzing ecosystems for open source software developer communities,NA,NA
1734,InProceedings,Analyzing the Social Ties and Structure of Contributors in Open Source   Software Community,"We conduct a statistical analysis on the social networks of contributors   in Open Source Software (OSS) communities using datasets collected from   two most fast-growing OSS social interaction sites, Github.com and   Ohloh.net. Our goal is to analyze the connectivity structure of the   social networks of contributors and to investigate the effect of the   different social tie structures on developers' overall productivity to   OSS projects. We first analyze the general structure of the social   networks, e.g., graph distances and the degree distribution of the   social networks. Our analysis confirms that the social networks of OSS   communities follow power-law degree distributions and exhibit   small-world characteristics. However, the degree mixing pattern shows   that high degree nodes tend to connect more with low degree nodes,   suggesting collaborations between experts and newbie developers. Second,   we study the correlation between graph degrees and the productivity of   the contributors in terms of the amount of contribution and commitment   to OSS projects. The analysis demonstrates evident influence of the   social ties on the developers' overall productivity.",10.1145/2492517.2492627
1736,Article,Antecedents of open source software adoption in health care   organizations: A qualitative survey of experts in Canada,"Purpose: Open source software (OSS) adoption and use in health care   organizations (HCOs) is relatively low in developed countries, but   several contextual factors have recently encouraged the consideration of   the possible role of OSS in information technology (IT) application   portfolios. This article aims at developing a research model for   investigating the antecedents of OSS adoption decisions in HCOs.   Methods: Based on a conceptual framework derived from a synthesis of the   literature on IT adoption in organizations, we conducted 18   semi-structured interviews with IT experts from all levels of the   Province of Quebec's health and social services sector in Canada. We   also interviewed 10 IT suppliers in the province. A qualitative data   analysis of the interviews was performed to identify major antecedents   of OSS adoption decisions in HCOs.   Results: Eight factors associated with three distinct theoretical   perspectives influence OSS adoption. More specifically, they are   associated with the classical diffusion of innovations theory, the   theory of resources, as well as institutional theory and its spin-off,   the organizing vision theory. The factors fall under three categories:   the characteristics of OSS as an innovation, the characteristics of the   HCO with respect to its ability to absorb OSS, and the characteristics   of the external environment with respect to institutional pressures and   public discourse surrounding OSS. We shed light on two novel factors   that closely interact with each other: (1) interest of the health care   community in the public discourse surrounding OSS, and (2) clarity,   consistency and richness of this discourse, whether found in magazines   or other media.   Conclusions: OSS still raises many questions and presents several   challenges for HCOs. It is crucial that the different factors that   explain an HCO's decision on OSS adoption be considered simultaneously.   Doing so allows a better understanding of HCOs' rationale when deciding   to adopt, or not to adopt, OSS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.04.001
1737,InProceedings,Barriers to Mission-Critical Open Source Software Adoption by   Organizations: A Provider Perspective <i>Completed Research Paper</i>,"While open source has long been increasing in the infrastructure   software domain, few organizations have adopted open source for   mission-critical software application. We use the Delphi method to   investigate barriers to mission-critical OSS adoption as perceived by   two panels of experienced providers in France (n = 18) and in Canada   (Quebec) (n = 11). On average, panelists have 15 years of experience in   the software industry including 9 years with open source software. By   comparing the barriers selected by each group, zones of concordance and   discordance are identified. We complement the open source adoption   literature by adding new insights to the existing body of knowledge   dominated by client perspective alone. We also anchor our findings in   the extant literature by comparing our results with those of previous   studies.",NA
1738,InCollection,Boundary Critique and Stakeholder Collaboration in Open Source Software   Migration: A Case Study,"This paper investigates the contribution of stakeholder collaboration   during an open source software migration using a case study. The case   study is based on the Presidential National Commission, a South African   government department that migrated from proprietary software to open   source software in 2007. The organization was one of the few that   migrated to open source software as part of a South African government   initiative. The case study consisted of semi-structured interviews with   the participants involved in the migration. The interviews centered on   the contribution of stakeholder collaboration during the software   migration using a boundary critique. The results suggest that   stakeholder collaboration can contribute to open source software   migration. From a managerial perspective, business leaders must   understand the value of stakeholder collaboration in open source   software migration. Boundary critique can be an important tool for   achieving broader collaboration of stakeholders.",10.4018/978-1-4666-2151-0.ch012
1739,InProceedings,Boundary-Spanning Documents in Online FLOSS Communities: Does One Size   Fit All?,"Online communities bring together people with varied access to and   understanding of the work at hand, who must collaborate through   documents of various kinds. We develop a framework articulating the   characteristics of documents supporting collaborators with asymmetric   access to knowledge versus those with symmetric knowledge. Drawing on   theories about document genre, boundary objects and provenance, we   hypothesize that documents supporting asymmetric groups are likely to   articulate or prescribe their own 1) purpose, 2) context of use, 3)   content and form and 4) provenance in greater detail than documents used   by people with symmetric access to knowledge. We test these hypotheses   through content analysis of documents and instructions from a variety of   free/libre open source projects. We present findings consistent with the   hypotheses developed as well as results extending beyond our theory   derived assumptions. The study suggests new directions for research on   communications in online communities, as well as advice for those   supporting such communities.",10.1109/HICSS.2013.119
1741,Article,Building 3D GIS data models using open source software,"Today, many GIS applications would require data sets containing full 3D   data; application fields like urban and town planning, civil protection,   cadastres and environmental studies could use full 3D data, both to   carry out spatial analyses and inquiries as well as for only   visualization. Data model can be accessed by desktop application as well   as from Internet. This second option is becoming today the most   requested. But in order to share 3D data model through Internet it is   necessary to configure a suitable system. A 3D model can be shared on   Internet in different ways. It is possible to incorporate a model inside   an executable or 3D PDF file or build something like a multimedia   application (i.e. flash based). However a better option is to put a   model inside a geospatial database and build suitable web services to   access it using Internet browsers. This second option can be performed   using different solutions for web servers, development platforms and   programming languages. Fundamental for this option is the construction   of the model that should be structured, according a conceptual model to   be replicable and interoperable. Hence, the model should be stored in a   geospatial database in order to be accessed by an application running   under a web server, so allowing access to the model. All this is the   object of the research-Management and use of distributed 3D data by open   source WebGIS software-that is part of the Italian PRIN 2007 research   project: Interoperability and cooperative management of geographic,   dynamic, multi-dimensional and distributed data with Free and Open   Source GIS (Principal investigator Paolo Zatelli), aimed to build urban   and suburban 3D models with CAD software or solid modellers, share them   with a 3D Web Feature Service Open Geospatial Consortium web feature   service like, and them using Internet browsers all done using only free   and open source software. The research work, here illustrated, which was   funded by previous research project, deals with the construction of a   suitable model and the storage of the model inside a geospatial   database. The work is based on the use of free and open source software;   Blender and PostgreSQL with PostGIS have been used, respectively, to   draw objects of the model and save their data with the help of some   Python scripts; the server side part of the system has been realized   using Tomcat with servlets and applets all written in Java. Buildings   have been modelled according to GIANT3D model (Geographical   Interoperable Advanced Numerical Topological 3-Dimensional Model)   previously developed in the research ``PRIN 2004{''}, regarding   ``Evolved structure of numerical cartography for GIS and WebGIS{''}.   Python scripts, activated by Blender, allow saving data into a spatial   database implemented through PostgreSQL and PostGIS that could be a   remote database somewhere on the net; all geometrical and topological   information, implemented in the 3D model, is so transferred in PostGIS.   This information can be retrieved by Blender using other Python scripts,   so Blender fully interacts with 3D data allocated in PostGIS. These data   can be also accessed by many other clients, both directly using a   database client and using other protocols (like HTTP on Internet). The   second part of the research deals with the creation of a 3D Web Feature   Service and an applet for internet browsers, in order to allow clients   to visualize, explore and inquiry 3D model, retrieving data from   database.",10.1007/s12518-013-0099-3
1742,InProceedings,Categorizing Bugs with Social Networks: A Case Study on Four Open Source   Software Communities,"Efficient bug triaging procedures are an important precondition for   successful collaborative software engineering projects. Triaging bugs   can become a laborious task particularly in open source software (OSS)   projects with a large base of comparably inexperienced part-time   contributors. In this paper, we propose an efficient and practical   method to identify valid bug reports which a) refer to an actual   software bug, b) are not duplicates and c) contain enough information to   be processed right away. Our classification is based on nine measures to   quantify the social embeddedness of bug reporters in the collaboration   network. We demonstrate its applicability in a case study, using a   comprehensive data set of more than 7 0 0; 0 0 0 bug reports obtained   from the BUGZILLA installation of four major OSS communities, for a   period of more than ten years. For those projects that exhibit the   lowest fraction of valid bug reports, we find that the bug reporters'   position in the collaboration network is a strong indicator for the   quality of bug reports. Based on this finding, we develop an automated   classification scheme that can easily be integrated into bug tracking   platforms and analyze its performance in the considered OSS communities.   A support vector machine (SVM) to identify valid bug reports based on   the nine measures yields a precision of up to 90.3\\% with an associated   recall of 38.9\\%. With this, we significantly improve the results   obtained in previous case studies for an automated early identification   of bugs that are eventually fixed. Furthermore, our study highlights the   potential of using quantitative measures of social organization in   collaborative software engineering. It also opens a broad perspective   for the integration of social awareness in the design of support   infrastructures.",NA
1745,InProceedings,"Co-Simulation of Components, Controls and Power Systems based on Open   Source Software","There exists no universal tool to analyze the increasing complexity in   smart grids. Domain specific simulation and engineering tools partly   address the challenges of complex system behavior. Different component   technologies, customer behavior and controls in the power networks are   interacting in a highly dynamic manner. Results of isolated simulations   may be not accurate enough on the system level. Free and open available   tools like GridLAB-D, PSAT, OpenModelica and 4DIAC are well known and   widely used because of their excellent domain specific expertise. With   co-simulation approaches the individual strengths of each tool can be   exploited to model and simulate the various aspects of complex smart   grids. The achieved level of detail and realism potentially surpasses   the results that the individual analyses would gain.   This paper demonstrates a local smart charging control strategy   implemented with the IEC 61499-based standard for distributed control   systems. It is simulated with different electric vehicle driving   patterns, modeled with the multi-agent environment GridLAB-D. Battery   models are defined in OpenModelica and embedded as individual dynamic   loads. The power system is simulated using PSAT. This work shows that   boundaries and restriction in terms of modeling cross-domain specific   problems can be overcome by coupling these open source applications.",NA
1746,Article,"Code Forking, Governance, and Sustainability in Open Source Software","The right to fork open source code is at the core of open source   licensing. All open source licenses grant the right to fork their code,   that is to start a new development effort using an existing code as its   base. Thus, code forking represents the single greatest tool available   for guaranteeing sustainability in open source software. In addition to   bolstering program sustainability, code forking directly affects the   governance of open source initiatives. Forking, and even the mere   possibility of forking code, affects the governance and sustainability   of open source initiatives on three distinct levels: software,   community, and ecosystem. On the software level, the right to fork makes   planned obsolescence, versioning, vendor lockin, end-of-support issues,   and similar initiatives all but impossible to implement. On the   community level, forking impacts both sustainability and governance   through the power it grants the community to safeguard against   unfavourable actions by corporations or project leaders. On the   business-ecosystem level forking can serve as a catalyst for innovation   while simultaneously promoting better quality software through natural   selection. Thus, forking helps keep open source initiatives relevant and   presents opportunities for the development and commercialization of   current and abandoned programs.",NA
1749,InProceedings,Collaborative development of data curation profiles on a wiki platform: experience from free and open source software projects and communities,"Wiki technologies have proven to be versatile and successful in aiding collaborative authoring of web content. Multitude of users can collaboratively add, edit, and revise wiki pages on the fly, with ease. This functionality makes wikis ideal platforms to support research communities curate data. However, without appropriate customization and a model to support collaborative editing of pages, wikis will fall sort in providing the functionalities needed to support collaborative work. In this paper, we present the architecture and design of a wiki platform, as well as a model that allow scientific communities, especially disaster response scientists, collaborative edit and append data to their wiki pages. Our experience in the implementation of the platform on MediaWiki demonstrates how wiki technologies can be used to support data curation, and how the dynamics of the FLOSS development process, its user and developer communities are increasingly informing our understanding about supporting collaboration and coordination on wikis.",10.1145/2491055.2491071
1750,Article,Community and Commercial Strategies in Open Source Software,"This paper describes the recent evolution of business strategies used by   companies offering products and services based on free and open source   software (FOSS). The primary focus is on companies that develop and   release products under an open source license. The paper compares their   practices with traditional proprietary software companies and with   community-based open source projects, and identifies growing overlaps   between the different kinds of software companies. Finally, the paper   describes the likely impact of recent technology developments in mobile   and cloud computing on open source software and related business.",10.1515/itit.2013.1003
1751,Article,Community-based student learning via participation in humanitarian FOSS projects,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects offer a rich learning environment for computing students due to the transparent nature of the process and artifacts used to develop the product. Student participation in such a project allows students to learn collaboratively within a professional community while working on a real-world, frequently international project. This learning differs from a traditional classroom environment because students learn from the community itself and the instructor becomes a guide rather than the main source of knowledge. Humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) projects have the additional benefit of attracting students due to their altruistic nature and the possibility for benefiting the human condition.",NA
1753,Article,Corporate contribution to free software as socially responsible activity,"Firms' commitment to openness on software development means sharing   technology and resources with communities worldwide to mitigate the   digital divide, create economic opportunity, and foster equal access to   technology. Opening up a technology allows others to contribute   innovations that individual local companies might never have devised on   their own. Consequently, free software development could be seen as a   matter of social responsibility. An adequate level of reporting could   enhance corporate contributions to free software projects.",NA
1754,Article,Critical Factors and Resources in Developing a Game-Based Learning (GBL)   Environment Using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS),"Engaging students in learning is often a challenge. It is even more so   when the subject matter is non-trivial and requires a significant effort   to master. Game-Based Learning (GBL) makes learning more interesting and   appealing by seamlessly incorporating educational lessons into   competitive games. Students naturally develop their interest in the   materials and are immersed into learning as they compete with each other   or against themselves in the game. To be effective, the game itself   should be fun and engaging as well as accommodating the intended   learning objectives. Although many people are aware of how effective GBL   can be, it is overwhelming for a beginner to master the tools and   techniques quickly to have GBL implemented in a classroom environment.   We recognize this lack of guidance in the existing GBL literature and   discuss critical factors in developing a GBL environment using the free   and open source software (FOSS) resources available as of this writing.",10.3991/ijet.v8i6.2918
1755,Article,Crowdsourcing and open source software participation,"Crowdsourcing is a phenomenon involving the use of volunteers to accomplish a goal or objective (often work). Individuals, businesses, and government agencies find it possible to harness the participation of volunteers to design products and complete project work. Simply stated, Open Source Software (OSS) is crowdsourcing applied to software development. OSS-based systems have become an important source of computing products, through operating systems such as Linux, Web services through Apache, or desktop environments such as Gnome. This study affords a through literature review developed within a discussion of the common motivations and relationships between crowdsourcing and OSS. It contributes to the literature by providing useful insights which researchers and organizations can utilize to leverage crowdsourcing and OSS concepts in addressing their efforts.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1007/s11628-012-0176-4
1756,InProceedings,DEMO PAPER: LIBDASH - AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE LIBRARY FOR THE MPEG-DASH   STANDARD,"Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is an ISO/IEC MPEG standard   which enables the convenient and smooth transportation of multimedia   data to heterogeneous end devices over networks with variable bandwidth   conditions. This kind of streaming technology is mainly used with HTTP   1.0 and 1.1 respectively, which both have some drawbacks. Therefore, the   IETF has started the development of HTTP 2.0, which is based on Google's   SPDY proposal and already supported by several major companies, e. g.,   Facebook, Twitter, Akamai, Mozilla and obviously Google. Furthermore,   Content Centric Networking (CCN) is another novel approach for future   networks that is considered as an revolutionary approach compared to   HTTP 2.0. The CCN communication paradigm is completely different and   does not rely on direct connections between hosts, it rather focuses on   the content. This paper demonstrates DASH with HTTP 2.0/SPDY and CCN   using our universal libdash library. Moreover, different mechanisms of   DASH will be shown that can be used to provide on-demand and live   content in an efficient and comfortable way.",NA
1757,Article,Development of a Foss-Based Hardware-in-the-loop Platform for Control   Engineering Education,"This work deals with the development of a laboratory platform based on   the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation techniques, designed and   assembled for utilization as a didactic tool in the control engineering   education area. It allows simulation and analysis of industrial control   loops and controllers dynamics belonging to the shop floor operations,   but with potentiality for operation in the supervisory level,   incorporating safety and optimization techniques. The developed module,   based on Java language and Eclipse compiler, that are Free Open Source   Software (FOSS) tools, encompasses a three-dimensional digital   environment that simulates an industrial plant dynamics, but whose   operation is based on hardware components: an external PID controller   and an industrial inverter. Being a FOSS-based development this module   has no restriction for its utilization. The interface between the   hardware components and the three-dimensional digital environment is   based upon a PIC 16F877A design. The developed module simulates,   partially, the dynamics of a real pilot plant belonging to the   Industrial Process Laboratory of the Engineering College of the UFJF,   incorporating some of its complexities and nonlinearities and operates   with the same time constants. The developed HIL platform, totally   FOSS-based, can reinforce the educational laboratory practices for   improving engineering education especially that one related to   industrial process control, supervision, and optimization.",10.1007/s40313-013-0013-6
1758,Article,Development of a web GIS application for emissions inventory spatial   allocation based on open source software tools,"Combining emission inventory methods and geographic information systems   (GIS) remains a key issue for environmental modelling and management   purposes. This paper examines the development of a web GIS application   as part of an emission inventory system that produces maps and files   with spatial allocated emissions in a grid format. The study is not   confined in the maps produced but also presents the features and   capabilities of a web application that can be used by every user even   without any prior knowledge of the GIS field. The development of the   application was based on open source software tools such as MapServer   for the GIS functions, PostgreSQL and PostGIS for the data management   and HTML, PHP and JavaScript as programming languages. In addition,   background processes are used in an innovative manner to handle the time   consuming and computational costly procedures of the application.   Furthermore, a web map service was created to provide maps to other   clients such as the Google Maps API v3 that is used as part of the user   interface. The output of the application includes maps in vector and   raster format, maps with temporal resolution on daily and hourly basis,   grid files that can be used by air quality management systems and grid   files consistent with the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme   Grid. Although the system was developed and validated for the Republic   of Cyprus covering a remarkable wide range of pollutant and emissions   sources, it can be easily customized for use in other countries or   smaller areas, as long as geospatial and activity data are available.   (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cageo.2012.10.011
1759,Article,Do the allocation and quality of intellectual assets affect the reputation of open source software projects?,"We study the effect exerted by intellectual asset quality, social interaction, and the (re) allocation of intellectual assets on the reputation of open source software projects by analyzing 3,196 software games over twelve months. Our main findings are as follows: (1) the aggregate performance of the individuals involved in a project increases the project's reputation, (2) changes in individual commitment affect project reputation, (3) social interaction increases project reputation, (4) reputation is more sensitive to the performance of individuals than to social interaction, and (5) the quality of intellectual assets and the project's social interaction both moderate the negative effect of changes in individual commitment. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1760,InProceedings,Drawing the big picture: analyzing FLOSS collaboration with temporal social network analysis,"How can we understand FOSS collaboration better? Can social issues that emerge be identified and addressed before it is too late? Can the community heal itself, become more transparent and inclusive, and promote diversity? We propose a technique to address these issues by quantitative analysis of social dynamics in FOSS communities. We propose using social network analysis metrics to identify growth patterns and unhealthy dynamics; giving the community a heads-up when they can still take action to ensure the sustainability of the project.",10.1145/2491055.2491085
1762,Article,Effort estimation of FLOSS projects: a study of the Linux kernel,"Empirical research on Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) has shown   that developers tend to cluster around two main roles: ``core{''}   contributors differ from ``peripheral{''} developers in terms of a   larger number of responsibilities and a higher productivity pattern. A   further, cross-cutting characterization of developers could be achieved   by associating developers with ``time slots{''}, and different patterns   of activity and effort could be associated to such slots. Such analysis,   if replicated, could be used not only to compare different FLOSS   communities, and to evaluate their stability and maturity, but also to   determine within projects, how the effort is distributed in a given   period, and to estimate future needs with respect to key points in the   software life-cycle (e.g., major releases). This study analyses the   activity patterns within the Linux kernel project, at first focusing on   the overall distribution of effort and activity within weeks and days;   then, dividing each day into three 8-hour time slots, and focusing on   effort and activity around major releases. Such analyses have the   objective of evaluating effort, productivity and types of activity   globally and around major releases. They enable a comparison of these   releases and patterns of effort and activities with traditional software   products and processes, and in turn, the identification of   company-driven projects (i.e., working mainly during office hours) among   FLOSS endeavors. The results of this research show that, overall, the   effort within the Linux kernel community is constant (albeit at   different levels) throughout the week, signalling the need of updated   estimation models, different from those used in traditional 9am-5pm,   Monday to Friday commercial companies. It also becomes evident that the   activity before a release is vastly different from after a release, and   that the changes show an increase in code complexity in specific time   slots (notably in the late night hours), which will later require   additional maintenance efforts.",10.1007/s10664-011-9191-7
1763,InProceedings,Encouraging faculty &amp; student involvement in humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS)(abstract only),"Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects provide a real-world application with an approachable and welcoming community for both faculty and students. Many faculty members are excited by the prospect of their students contributing to HFOSS. They perceive it as an opportunity to engage students, regardless of race or gender, in projects that have societal impact. However trying something new in the classroom though can be daunting, and many barriers to entry exist. Locating an appropriate project, trying to figure out how to incorporate a dynamic, real-world project into the curriculum and learning how to interact with the project's community each present their own set of challenges. This BOF provides a gathering place for faculty who are interested in student participation in FOSS or HFOSS. The discussion will include an overview of an NSF-funded project, OpenFE. The goal of OpenFE is to develop faculty expertise in working with HFOSS projects and to develop curriculum materials that support faculty members in bringing this approach into their classrooms. The members of the OpenFE team will discuss plans for this grant and welcome both novices and experienced contributors to join us and provide feedback.",10.1145/2445196.2445481
1764,InProceedings,Enhanced Non-Traditional Learning Environment for Communication   Engineers Using Free Open Source Software Tools,"Engineering is basically the application of the laws of nature for the   benefit of the human kind. In the curriculum of majority of engineering   branches there are certain abstract concepts. The students find it   difficult to understand these concepts. There are many methods which are   being followed to make the students understand concepts. One such method   is the use of CAD tools When computers came into class rooms, the need   for CAD tools also arose {[}1]. They help the students to visualize many   basic concepts which, they otherwise cannot see in the physical world.   In this 21st century, dominated by social networking, the tools required   to educate them have also come to be available in free of cost. Such   tools are called open source software or FOSS tools. We have proposed a   teaching methodology that involves the usage of open source software   tools along with traditional teaching which enable the communication   engineering students to understand complex concepts pertaining to the   subject of Antenna and wave propagation. We carried out an experiment   with forty students from fifth semester Electronics and Communication   Engineering department. The students used a FOSS tool and gave a test   based on designing of various antennas with desired radiation patterns   by selecting different parameters before and after using the tool. The   scores of the two tests show that there was an increase in the marks   obtained by students in the test after using the tool. Thus the use of   FOSS tool helped students perform better in the test. This may be   because the tool has visualizations which help student understand the   abstract concepts such as antenna radiation pattern and wave   propagation.",10.1109/T4E.2013.32
1765,InProceedings,Exploring Possibilities to Analyse Microblogs for Dependability   Information in Variability-intensive Open Source Software Systems,"Many open source software systems are variability-intensive because they   are frequently adapted to different customer needs or deployment   environments. Variability in these systems not only occurs in   functionality, but also in quality attributes (e. g., security,   reliability, dependability). Furthermore, variability in functionality   and variability in quality attributes affect each other. Recently, open   source communities have adopted microblogging to document and share   software engineering knowledge. Microblogging dissolves boundaries   between developers and other stakeholders (e.g., end users). This   facilitates the involvement of many different non-technical stakeholders   in the software development process. In this paper, we investigate the   feasibility and suitability of utilizing microblogs to identify and   analyze dependability information about open source software systems. We   use the example of the currently most popular microblogging   infrastructure (Twitter) and a widely used open source content   management system (Drupal). Our results indicate that even though open   source communities frequently share information on Twitter, challenges   exist for extracting and analyzing dependability information.   Furthermore, a better understanding is needed to describe the relation   between issues reported by user communities in microblogs, and issues   and actions documented by developer communities in change logs and   release information.",NA
1766,InProceedings,Exploring Socio-Technical Dependencies in Open Source Software Projects,"Comprehension of Open Source Software (OSS) projects is traditionally   driven by the plethora of data produced and maintained by these   projects. The data, in one hand, encapsulates the tacit knowledge on the   evolution of the software itself. And, on the other hand, provides the   history of communication and collaboration of the community. Acquisition   and analysis of such data has been mostly manual or semi-automated and   error-prone, mainly due to unstructured and substandard data   representation. This increases the validity threat of the reported   results and makes it incomparable across the studies. With the   advancement of data management tools and technologies, many third party   data providers are putting serious effort to provide OSS project's data   in a standard and platform independent format. In this paper, we propose   a framework to fully automate the analysis and visualization of OSS   evolution data through the use of existing data services. As a proof of   concept we implemented a tool named POMAZ. We demonstrate the   applicability of the tool in the context of two related open source   projects FFmpeg and GStreamer.",10.1145/2523429.2523468
1768,Article,Exploring value networks: theorising the creation and capture of value   with open source software,"The emergence of open source software (OSS) as a form of peer production   and innovation challenges theories of organisation and strategy due to   its non-reliance on traditional governance mechanisms to organise   production. OSS requires firms to rethink the processes that facilitate   value creation and capture. The objective of this paper is to theorise   how firms create and capture value from OSS. We derive a model from   extant research and refine it through the study of three   inter-organisational networks. The findings reveal how a firm's ability   to access a value network of complementors is crucial for effective   value creation and capture. Two types of networks are evident: a   high-density network of familiar partners and a low-density network of   multiple, often unfamiliar, partners. Leveraging these networks depends   on the level of commitment, volume of knowledge exchange and the   alignment of objectives among participant firms. Effective governance is   revealed as critical for creating and capturing value within both types   of network; and depends on both formal and informal mechanisms.",10.1057/ejis.2012.44
1770,InProceedings,FLOODPLAIN MAPS PREPARATION WITH AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D AND OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE,"Significant floods all over the world, including Romania and Bulgaria,   have occurred in the last years as result of climate change and extreme   meteorological phenomena manifestation.   Overland flooding, the most common type of flooding event usually occurs   when rivers or streams overflow their banks as a result of heavy   rainfalls or fast snowmelt. In European Union, flood defence management   is an essential part of the integrated water management and the European   Commission Directive 2007/60, regarding the estimation and management of   the flood risks, states that all the member countries have to achieve   flood risks maps till the end of 2013.   Flood hazard maps must be created to help the communities in finding out   which are the different flood risk areas and to provide public awareness   and useful information to local authorities and decisions makers in case   of possible flood events. Flood risk areas should be also identified and   delimited for future land use and development.   The development of risk maps assumes the existence and access to   extensive databases, detailed maps and GIS data depots for most of the   necessary information, as well as expensive software (i.e. ArcGIS, MIKE)   and skilled experts. Unfortunately, these criteria are not always met.   This paper presents an alternative method to prepare preliminary   floodplain maps, based on the use of Autodesk products and Open Source   software.   The purpose of the method is to introduce basic satellite image display   and processing techniques using open source software and freely   available satellite data to allow floodplain maps development without   using expensive software and unaffordable data. The method consists in   DTM (Digital Terrain Model) generation, rivers and watershed delineation   and hydraulic modelling in order to generate floodplain maps.",NA
1771,Article,FRED (A Framework for Reconstructing Epidemic Dynamics): an open-source   software system for modeling infectious diseases and control strategies   using census-based populations,"Background: Mathematical and computational models provide valuable tools   that help public health planners to evaluate competing health   interventions, especially for novel circumstances that cannot be   examined through observational or controlled studies, such as pandemic   influenza. The spread of diseases like influenza depends on the mixing   patterns within the population, and these mixing patterns depend in part   on local factors including the spatial distribution and age structure of   the population, the distribution of size and composition of households,   employment status and commuting patterns of adults, and the size and age   structure of schools. Finally, public health planners must take into   account the health behavior patterns of the population, patterns that   often vary according to socioeconomic factors such as race, household   income, and education levels.   Results: FRED (a Framework for Reconstructing Epidemic Dynamics) is a   freely available open-source agent-based modeling system based closely   on models used in previously published studies of pandemic influenza.   This version of FRED uses open-access census-based synthetic populations   that capture the demographic and geographic heterogeneities of the   population, including realistic household, school, and workplace social   networks. FRED epidemic models are currently available for every state   and county in the United States, and for selected international   locations.   Conclusions: State and county public health planners can use FRED to   explore the effects of possible influenza epidemics in specific   geographic regions of interest and to help evaluate the effect of   interventions such as vaccination programs and school closure policies.   FRED is available under a free open source license in order to   contribute to the development of better modeling tools and to encourage   open discussion of modeling tools being used to evaluate public health   policies. We also welcome participation by other researchers in the   further development of FRED.",10.1186/1471-2458-13-940
1772,InProceedings,Fault Triggers in Open-Source Software: An Experience Report,"With software systems becoming increasingly large and complex, many   difficulties in coping with software bugs arise for developers. Despite   good development practices, thorough testing, and proper maintenance   policies, a non-negligible number of bugs remain in the released   software. Understanding the type of residual bugs is fundamental for   adopting proper countermeasures in current and future software releases.   Depending on the fault triggering conditions that lead to a failure,   developers can introduce fault-tolerance mechanisms and plan   verification and validation strategies.   In this paper, we analyze bugs in four large open-source software   systems during their lifecycle, based on the concept of fault triggers.   We first investigate how the type of system affects the bug type   proportions, and their evolution over years. Then, an analysis of bug   subtypes is performed, so as to better understand their nature, followed   by a comparison with respect to attributes such as their average time to   fix and severity.",NA
1773,Article,Free software production as critical social practice,"This paper analyses the phenomenon of free and open source software   (FOSS) in the light of Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello's The new spirit   of capitalism. It argues that collaborative FOSS production by volunteer   software developers is a species of critical social practice in   Boltanski and Chiapello's sense: rooted in resistance to capitalist   social relations, and yet also a source of values that justify the new   routes to profitability associated with contemporary network capitalism.   Advanced via collective projects that are sustained by hacker norms and   privately legislated copyleft' law, the FOSS ethos is apparently   antithetical to private property-based accumulation. Yet it can be shown   to embody the new spirit of capitalism' in its most distilled form;   moreover FOSS developers have instituted new forms of property and new   modes of profit creation around software that are in the process of   being adapted for use in other economic sectors. Meanwhile, the private   law constraints on profit-seeking that have emerged from the FOSS   movement are counteracting some of the social pathologies that accompany   network capitalism only to consolidate others. The paper concludes by   identifying likely bases for a renewal of critique given these   realities.",10.1080/03085147.2013.791510
1781,Article,Free {Software} {Culture} and {Development}: {An} {Analysis} on {Potentials} and {Limits} in and beyond the {Context} of the '{New} {Economy}',"This article analyzes the potentials and limits of the free software culture and the products derived from it in what concerns the promotion of economic and social development in the context of the 'new economy' and the alternatives to it. It examines the incentives and constraints to innovation in its different senses, generated by free software as goods technically distinct from proprietary software and developed on the basis of specific values and interests. It also reflects on their limitations and capabilities in relation of the promotion of development strategies aimed not only at economic growth based on technological improvement, but especially at generating social opportunities. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1782,Article,"From closed to open: Job role changes, individual predispositions, and   the adoption of commercial open source software development","When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS),   proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt   this radically different practice of software development. We approach   these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for   organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design   consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a   large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational   innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on   technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles.   Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are-on   average-more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS   processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can   counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting   OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect.   Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation   literature are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.respol.2013.04.007
1784,InProceedings,Gendered Patterns of Politeness in Free/Libre Open Source Software   Development,"In this paper, a qualitative case study of women-dominated Free/Libre   Open Source Software (FLOSS) project is conducted to explore factors   which successfully involve and sustain women FLOSS participants by   drawing on Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. The culture and norms   of FLOSS appear to be formulated by what is privileged/marginalized by   men in the context of FLOSS, and such men's valuing is likely to   threaten women FLOSS participants' face.   Our findings are 1) in the FLOSS context, there are gender-based   differences in determining what threatens face on the basis of gendered   expectations of what is polite, and 2) women-dominated FLOSS   participants are ``practically{''} polite in software development   practices. These findings were explored through an in-depth analysis of   interaction episodes on the email list, archival public interview data   of women FLOSS developers, FLOSS development environment, and   instructive materials shared in public. Our paper shows how politeness   theory can be extended to the ``practice{''} of coding and non-coding   work, and provides FLOSS communities with guidelines for involving and   sustaining women participants in FLOSS development.",10.1109/HICSS.2013.240
1788,InProceedings,Herding in open source software development: an exploratory study,"In spite of the lack of organizational control, a large number of these self-organized groups have successfully developed high quality software in open source software projects. We examined the process through which coordinated action emerges from the collection of individual developers' choices, i.e., how bottom-up coordination occurs and argue that developer herding on a social coding platform may have a positive impact on OSSD outcomes. As an exploratory study, we analyzed the participation patterns in 10 randomly sampled OSSD projects on a social open source code foundry, Github. Based on the findings we generate theoretical propositions regarding developer herding behavior in OSSD.",10.1145/2441955.2441989
1789,InProceedings,Heterogeneous Integration Platform based on free software Virtual Campus   of the University of Nueva Esparta,"The Virtual Campus is space to build knowledge. However, the development   of these tools Technology and Communication. The prospect of Virtual   Campus of the University of Nueva Esparta concerns shaped spaces for   learning tools. Consequently, the aim of this article is to socialize   the college experience regarding the integration of heterogeneous   platforms based on open source software to develop the Virtual Campus.   The theoretical foundation is based, from the technological point of   view in the theory of innovation by recombination and integrated   approach to services. From the pedagogical point of view addresses the   consolidation of learning through projects. The methodology used was the   analysis is and reflection based on the characteristics of the   educational systems and the operational aspects of the Virtual Campus.   The results reflect the implementation of an educational service for the   management and dissemination of knowledge generated by the university   community.",NA
1790,InProceedings,How Microblogging Networks Affect Project Success of Open Source   Software Development,"Microblogging as an emerging social media technology is becoming   increasingly popular in more and more OSS communities and forms various   follower networks. However, the impacts of microblogging follower   network on OSS project success are rarely studied. In this study, we   adopt a social network perspective to identify and hypothesize that   three microblogging network mechanisms will positively affect OSS   project success through knowledge sharing, and attracting more skillful   and eminent developers. Using longitudinal data from a large online OSS   community called Ohloh, we empirically examine the impacts of various   factors for these two type of mechanisms on the commercial and   technological successes of OSS projects. We found that preferential   attachment and structure hole factors are supported, while accumulative   advantage factors are partially supported. Our findings may provide   insights for OSS stakeholders to effectively manage microblogging   techniques for achieving project success.",10.1109/HICSS.2013.251
1794,InProceedings,ICT Students' Perception Concerning Free and Open Source Software: A   Case Study of Central University of Technology,"There has been general lack of free and open source software (FOSS)   adoption in South Africa (SA), including at Universities of Technology   (UoTs'). Even though there are organizations that are championing and   encouraging the use of FOSS around the world, adoption rate in SA   remains low. To better understand the rationale behind the lack of   adoption at UoTs', the perception of students' concerning FOSS products   need to be understood. In this paper, key barriers that discourage   students from adopting FOSS products will be highlighted. Concentration   will be mostly on operating systems, office applications and web   browsers.",NA
1795,InProceedings,Impact of social features implemented in open collaboration platforms on volunteer self-organization: case study of open source software development,"The promise of collective intelligence emerging from voluntary participation, contribution and knowledge sharing brought about by ubiquitous information and communication technologies has recently attracted the attention of academics and practitioners alike. Of many related phenomena, open source software (OSS) development has been touted as one of the leading examples that speak to the potential of collective intelligence. Recently, the advent of novel open collaboration platforms for open source software development, such as Github, has prompted researchers to examine the impact of increased work transparency induced by the introduction of social features on voluntary self-organization and allocation of resources to projects. We present both qualitative and quantitative analyses from which we derive some initial propositions regarding the impact of transparency on voluntary self-organization processes and decision mechanisms.",10.1145/2491055.2491081
1796,InProceedings,Information System Success Model in Healthcare and Medical Informatics   with Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) has attracted a lot interest among academics   and practitioners from mid-1990s. However, there is insufficient   attention on healthcare and medical informatics (HMI) of OSS (HMIOSS),   most studies on OSS success are either qualitative or exploratory in   nature. Hence, to identify the factors that influence HMIOSS success and   establish generalize ability, an empirical study measuring HMIOSS   success would enable HMIOSS developers and users to improve HMIOSS   usage. In this study, we develop a HMIOSS success model from a previous   information systems success Model incorporating the characteristics of   HMI domain. This research contributes towards advancing theoretical   understanding of HMIOSS success as well as offering practitioners for   enhancing HMIOSS success.",10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.311.20
1797,InProceedings,Integrating Formal and Informal Learning through a FLOSS-Based   Innovative Approach,"It is said that due to the peculiar dynamics of FLOSS communities,   effective participation in their projects is a privileged way to acquire   the relevant skills and expertise in software development. Such is   probably the reason for a number of higher education institutions to   include in their Software Engineering curricula some form of contact   with the FLOSS reality. This paper explores such a perspective through   an on-going case study on university students' collaboration in FLOSS   projects. The aim of this research is to 1) identify what should be   learnt about software development through regular participation in a   FLOSS project/community, and 2) assess the didactic potential of this   kind of non-standard learning experiences. To this aim we resorted to a   participatory research action approach and qualitative methods, namely   case studies combining direct observation and interviews.",10.1007/978-3-642-41347-6_15
1799,Article,Internet {Success}: {A} {Study} of {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Commons},"Internet Success: A Study of OpenSource Software Commons, by Charles M. Schweik and Robert C. English, is reviewed.",NA
1800,InProceedings,Investigating the Applicability of Lehman's Laws of Software Evolution   using Metrics: An Empirical Study on Open Source Software,"This paper aims at investigating empirically the applicability of   Lehman's laws of software evolution using software metrics. We used a   synthetic metric (Quality Assurance Indicator - Qi), which captures in   an integrated way different object-oriented software attributes. We   wanted to investigate if the Qi metric can be used to support the   applicability of Lehman's laws of software evolution. We focused on the   laws related with continuing change, increasing complexity, continuing   growth and declining quality. We performed an empirical analysis using   historical data on two open source (Java) software systems. The   collected data cover a period of more than four years (fifty-two   versions) for the first system and more than seven years (thirty-one   versions) for the second one. Empirical results provide evidence that   the considered Lehman's laws are supported by the collected data and the   Qi metric.",10.5220/0004598600300044
1801,InProceedings,Involving Older Adults in the Design and Development of Free/Open Source   Software,"The world's population is greying. There are more older adults now than   ever before, and it is expected that this population will grow rapidly   in years to come. In addition to this rapid growth in the population of   older adults, there is also rapid growth of free/open source software   projects (FOSS). Despite the increasing diversity of FOSS's user base,   FOSS's developer base is quite homogeneous, comprised mainly of   20-something year old males. This lack of diversity could be detrimental   to the community, as many voices of end users are not heard. I aim to   increase age diversity in free/open source software communities by   investigating how to involve older adults. My research deliverables are   as follows: a list of benefits and barriers of involving older adults in   FOSS, guidelines for involving older adults in FOSS, and a prototype   workshop curriculum for encouraging successful participation to FOSS by   older adults.",NA
1803,Article,It is all about what we have: A discriminant analysis of organizations'   decision to adopt open source software,"This research reasons that human capital, that is, knowledge, skills,   experience, abilities, and capacities possessed by employees, plays a   vital role in the adoption of open source software CUSS) by   organizations. Based on the survey responses of 104 OSS-adopting   organizations and 111 non-adopting organizations in China, a   discriminant analysis of organizations' OSS adoption behaviors was   conducted. The current findings support the argument that OSS-adopting   organizations can be clearly distinguished from their non-adopting   counterparts in terms of their availability of internal OSS human   capital, accessibility to external OSS human capital, organizational   size, IT department size, and criticality of IT operation. Theoretical   and practical implications are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2013.05.006
1805,Article,Joint Effect of Team Structure and Software Architecture in Open Source   Software Development,"In this study, we seek to understand socio-technical interactions in a   system development context via an examination of the joint effect of   developer team structure and open source software (OSS) architecture on   OSS development performance. Using detailed data collected from code   repositories from Soure-Forge.com, we find that developer team structure   and software architecture significantly moderate each other's effect on   OSS development performance. Larger teams tend to producemore favorable   project performance when the project being developed has a high level of   structural interdependency while projects with a low level of structural   interdependency require smaller teams in order to achieve better project   performance. Meanwhile, centralized teams tend to have a positive impact   on project performance when the OSS project has a high level of   structural interdependency. However, when a project has a low level of   structural interdependency, centralized teams can impair project   performance. This study extends our understanding of information   technology's deep engagement in organizational life and provides   directions for open source practitioners to better organize their   projects to achieve greater performance.",10.1109/TEM.2012.2232930
1807,Article,Land cover and impervious surface extraction using parametric and   non-parametric algorithms from the open-source software R: an   application to sustainable urban planning in Sicily,"Detailed urban land-cover maps are essential information for sustainable   planning. Land-cover maps assist planners in designing strategies for   the optimisation of urban ecosystem services and climate change   adaptation. In this study, the statistical software R was applied to   land cover analysis for the Catania metropolitan area in Sicily, Italy.   Six land cover classes were extracted from high-resolution orthophotos.   Five different classification algorithms were compared. Texture and   contextual layers were tested in different combinations as ancillary   data. Classification accuracies of 89\\% were achieved for two of the   tested algorithms.",10.1080/15481603.2013.795307
1809,Article,Learning and Open Source Software License Choice,"Licensing is the defining characteristic of open source software (OSS)   and often has tremendous impact on the success of OSS projects. However,   OSS licenses are very different from those for proprietary software, and   our understanding of the choice of OSS licenses is very limited. In this   study, we explore this important decision from a learning perspective.   We build collaboration networks and trace paths through which potential   learning and knowledge flow across projects using a dataset derived from   SourceForge. We identify that both experiential learning and vicarious   learning have significant influence on OSS license choice. We provide   reasons why experiential learning and vicarious learning affect   decision-making regarding OSS license choice, and explore important   contingencies under which the two modes of learning are more effective.   We find that leadership roles on prior projects and similarities between   projects significantly moderate these two modes of learning,   respectively. More importantly, we argue and empirically illustrate that   experiential learning is more effective than vicarious learning in   influencing OSS license choice. Our research sheds new light on our   understanding of license choice for OSS projects and provides practical   guidelines for future OSS development.",10.1111/deci.12036
1811,Article,Learning and best practices for learning in open-source software   communities,"This research is about participants who use open-source software (OSS)   discussion forums for learning. Learning in online communities of   education as well as non-education-related online communities has been   studied under the lens of social learning theory and situated learning   for a long time. In this research, we draw parallels among these two   types of communities and explore what can be learned from open-source   software communities about online learning. Thematic network analysis   was used to code the qualitative data from the open-ended questions in   the survey and the interviews. The results indicate that learning in   online open-source software communities encompasses much more than just   learning about the software being discussed. 283 Open-source forum   participants were surveyed, and 21 were interviewed to develop an   understanding of the challenges to learning in these communities as well   as to identify the practices that promote learning. Identifying these   practices helps to understand online learning and enables the   integration of best practices into online education. (C) 2012 Elsevier   Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.002
1814,Article,Licensing and Competition for Services in Open Source Software,"Open source software is becoming increasingly prominent, and the   economic structure of open-source development is changing. In recent   years, firms motivated by revenues from software services markets have   become the primary contributors to open-source development. In this   paper we study the role of services in open source software development   and explore the choice between open source and proprietary software.   Specifically, our economic model jointly analyzes the investment and   pricing decisions of the originators of software and of subsequent   open-source contributors.   We find that if a contributor is efficient in software development, the   originator should adopt an open-source strategy, allowing the   contributor to offer higher total quality and capture the higher end of   the market while the originator focuses on providing software services   to lower end consumers. Conversely, if the contributor is not efficient   in development, the originator should adopt a proprietary software   development strategy, gaining revenue from software sales and squeezing   the contributor out of the services market. In certain cases an increase   in originator development efficiency can result in increased contributor   profits. Finally, we find that, somewhat counterintuitively, an increase   in contributor development efficiency can reduce overall social welfare.",10.1287/isre.2013.0486
1816,InProceedings,Low Cost Swarm Robotic Platforms Operating with Open-Source Software for   Cooperative Applications,"One of the numerous implementations, Intelligent Systems Lab of the   Technological Institute of Piraeus, Greece, has recently accomplished   are described in this paper. Within the area of small mobile robots   design, the project combines computer science in modern network protocol   communication and microcontroller based motion control tasks. The goal   of building autonomous hand-on robotic platforms for multiple   educational and every day applications in society, has long been an area   of investigation and development for researchers and engineers. The   presented pair of versatile robots in this project is designed to act as   the ``chase and hunter{''} application, which at least meets the   requirements of constant need for evolution in the robotics domain. Low   cost, though modern and up to date technology was used and all gear data   will be explained in details as well as the performing scenario.",NA
1817,InProceedings,MeRinde process model adaptation with Requirements Engineering   techniques sopported by Free Software tools,"MeRinde (Metodolog a de la Red Nacional de Integracion y Desarrollo de   Software Libre) developed by CNTI (Centro Nacional de Tecnologias de   Informacion), proposes an open standard for software development to   support the implementation of Venezuelan State's Decree 3390 on the use   of Free Software for governmental projects. With respect to the   requirements discipline, the MeRinde process model only uses UML   diagrams, and does not offer any guidelines for the Requirements   Engineering (capture, analysis, specification, and validation) overall   process. This paper proposes an adaptation of the MeRinde requirements   discipline, incorporating the use of requirements engineering techniques   to complement the final products. Moreover, available free software   tools that support the selected techniques are analyzed and discussed   using the Systematic Review methodology. The MeRinde adapted process   model is described using SPEM 2.0 notation.",NA
1818,Article,Micro process analysis of maintenance effort: an open source software   case study using metrics based on program slicing,"For any software project, most experts regard the maintenance phase as   the most effort and cost intensive of all phases in the software   development life cycle. This is due to the high maintenance effort,   time, and resources needed to effectively address issues during software   maintenance (maintenance activities). Mismanagement of these efforts can   lead to the degradation of software maintainability. Understanding the   assessment of the related software processes can help sustain or improve   maintainability during these maintenance activities. Recent studies have   shown that current software process assessments are expensive, generic,   and complex, especially for smaller organizations. In this paper, we   investigate an alternative software process assessment approach   performed by analyzing fine-grained processes (micro processes) of   maintenance activities. This approach assesses maintenance efforts based   on micro processes in relation to their impact on source code. The   approach derives maintenance effort from the complexity and duration of   micro processes and uses proposed metrics based on program slicing to   measure change impact. In this paper, we investigate an alternative   software process assessment approach by analysing fine-grained processes   (micro processes) of maintenance activities. At statistically   significant levels, results suggest that the level of the maintenance   efforts correlates with its impact on source code. Copyright (c) 2012   John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/smr.1572
1820,InProceedings,Mining Developer Contribution in Open Source Software Using   Visualization Techniques,"the research of developers' contribution is an important part of the   software evolution area. It allows project owners to find potential   long-term contributors earlier and helps the newcomers to improve their   behaviors. In this paper, we examined the contribution characteristics   of developers in open source environment based on visual analysis, and   presented approaches from three aspects-influencing factors, time   characteristics and region characteristics. Our analysis used data from   github and revealed some regular patterns. We found that the code which   newcomers started to contribute with more people engaged in would lead   to less contribution in some degree. We also found that there's a   relation between developers' early and later period contribution. In   addition, developers from different regions were more likely to have   dominant relationship. Our findings may provide some support for future   research in the area of software evolution.",10.1109/ISDEA.2012.223
1822,InProceedings,Model Federation and Probabilistic Analysis for Advanced OSS and BSS,"Advanced OSS and BSS will be expected to operate cooperatively and across multiple domains and business layers. This can be reached with shared information models providing a comprehensive insight into the entire operated heterogeneous environment. This paper contributes to this vision in two respects. It first introduces a technique for creating a federated information model by inter-relating existing and potentially very different domain specific models. Furthermore, the resulting federated model is used as structural base for defining probabilistic analysis with a Bayesian network. This demonstrates how valuable insights can be obtained through model federation rather than solely relying on separated models reaching only a limited set of information.",10.1109/NGMAST.2013.30
1823,Article,Modeling the Chemoelectromechanical Behavior of Skeletal Muscle Using   the Parallel Open-Source Software Library OpenCMISS,"An extensible, flexible, multiscale, and multiphysics model for   nonisometric skeletal muscle behavior is presented. The skeletal muscle   chemoelectromechanical model is based on a bottom-up approach modeling   the entire excitation-contraction pathway by strongly coupling a   detailed biophysical model of a half-sarcomere to the propagation of   action potentials along skeletal muscle fibers and linking cellular   parameters to a transversely isotropic continuum-mechanical constitutive   equation describing the overall mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle   tissue. Since the multiscale model exhibits separable time scales, a   special emphasis is placed on employing computationally efficient   staggered solution schemes. Further, the implementation builds on the   open-source software library OpenCMISS and uses state-of-the-art   parallelization techniques taking advantage of the unique anatomical   fiber architecture of skeletal muscles. OpenCMISS utilizes standardized   data structures for geometrical aspects (FieldML) and cellular models   (CellML). Both standards are designed to allow for a maximum   flexibility, reproducibility, and extensibility. The results demonstrate   the model's capability of simulating different aspects of nonisometric   muscle contraction and efficiently simulating the chemoelectromechanical   behavior in complex skeletal muscles such as the tibialis anterior   muscle.",10.1155/2013/517287
1824,InProceedings,"Modular, open-source software transceiver for PHY/MAC research","The USRPTM (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) is a software-defined radio platform that has been widely adopted for wireless research in cognitive radio, cellular networks, and other application areas. USRP devices are often used with GNU Radio, a free and open-source DSP framework that allows designers to prototype with a combination of C++, Python, and graphical tools. This paper will investigate various methods that can be used to build complete communications stacks within GNU Radio. These methods will leverage advanced features of UHDTM (USRP Hardware Driver) and GNU radio to implement TDMA, CSMA and FHSS transceivers that can be modified in GNU Radio Companion - a graphical development environment. The implementation will also show how to interact with upper network and application layers, all within GNU Radio. The implementation presented in this paper will be open-source. It can serve as an educational resource, or as a basis for additional research.",10.1145/2491246.2491255
1825,Article,Network ties and the success of open source software development,"Prior network-based research on open source software (OSS) development   has focused on the benefit of network ties and assumed all network ties   play the same role. We adopt a fine-grained view of network relations to   investigate the impact of network ties on the success of OSS   development. Through examining the development of OSS projects hosted by   SourceForge, we find that co-membership among project teams is an   effective mechanism for building network ties, through which knowledge   and expertise flows across projects in OSS community and, therefore,   contributes to the success of OSS development. However, network ties   among projects not only confer benefit, but also incur various cost, and   due to the different growth patterns of cost and benefit, network ties   have a diminishing return to project success. In addition, we find   network ties of leader-follower type and follower-leader type are more   beneficial to OSS success than other types of ties, and network ties   connecting to projects of later development stages are more beneficial   than those connecting to projects of earlier stages. Our study provides   useful guidelines and suggestions as to how to leverage the knowledge   and expertise of others for successful development of OSS projects. (C)   2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jsis.2013.05.001
1827,Article,"Networks, Social Influence, and the Choice Among Competing Innovations:   Insights from Open Source Software Licenses","Existing research provides little insight into how social influence   affects the adoption and diffusion of competing innovative artifacts and   how the experiences of organizational members who have worked with   particular innovations in their previous employers affect their current   organizations' adoption decision. We adapt and extend the heterogeneous   diffusion model from sociology and examine the conditions under which   prior adopters of competing open source software (OSS) licenses socially   influence how a new OSS project chooses among such licenses and how the   experiences of the project manager of a new OSS project with particular   licenses affects its susceptibility to this social influence. We test   our predictions using a sample of 5,307 open source projects hosted at   SourceForge. Our results suggest the most important factor determining a   new project's license choice is the type of license chosen by existing   projects that are socially closer to it in its inter-project social   network. Moreover, we find that prior adopters of a particular license   are more infectious in their influence on the license choice of a new   project as their size and performance rankings increase. We also find   that managers of new projects who have been members of more successful   prior OSS projects and who have greater depth and diversity, of   experience in the OSS community are less susceptible to social   influence. Finally, we find a project manager is more likely to adopt a   particular license type when his or her project occupies a similar   social role as other projects that have adopted the same license. These   results have implications for research on innovation adoption and   diffusion, open source software licensing, and the governance of   economic exchange.",10.1287/isre.1120.0449
1830,InProceedings,OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE TO TEACH TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONCEPTS AND   PRACTICES,"Open source software (OSS) in academia can have multiple types of   implementations and positive returns. This paper explores the use of OSS   as a method to teach entrepreneurship concepts and practices to Science,   Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors. OSS allows for   individuals to contribute and provide support services for applications.   This will allow students to gain expertise in low level design, software   project management, and software consulting services in order to   successfully deploy their own spin off company. Covered in this   submission will be examples of how the Linux software project   development groups, mobile application development, video game design,   and support services can be used in the classroom. These examples will   serve as the base for any additions or changes in curriculum   development, and design to aid institutions in deploying innovative   programs in technology entrepreneurship to STEM students.",NA
1831,InProceedings,OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE USED IN E-LEARNING SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS IN   WEAVING,"Study of weaving processes requires knowledge of many phases of   processing and phenomena's. Traditional approach to teaching these   processes has the disadvantage of a presentation largely of information   not directly corresponding with the real phenomenon (understanding   sectional warping phases). For this purpose requires the use of   multimedia presentations for the connection between information and the   phenomenon described These presentations can be made classical, in the   course room, but for better depth can use different e-learning systems.   The purpose of this paper is to present several open source solutions   that can be applied to study the processes of weaving (eXe Learning, Hot   Potatoes, and so on)., This software can be used to create interactive   courses that the student may approach based on complexity. In the case   of eXe Learning can be generated courses which have a similar structure   to that of the classic course, but that can be approached as a web page.   Information is structured so that they comply with the requirements of a   weaving technology. The teacher can generate in the same course, a   number of subsections which the student can learn in the same order or   according to his need Can be attached multimedia materials, its own   teacher, and reference may be made to the existing materials on the   Internet. The software has the possibility to generate tests with the   answers that have the disadvantage that the order is the same, but you   can use special software to test for generating (like Hot Potatoes). The   course can be saved in different formats so it can be uploaded on a   platform of e-learning or may be used independently, without access to   the Internet (with saving multimedia materials to another medium), etc.",NA
1832,Article,OSS ADOPTION: ORGANIZATIONAL INVESTMENT IN INTERNAL HUMAN CAPITAL,"Adopting Open Source Software (OSS) that has an enterprise-wide   implication could be complex and requires an organization to possess   adequate level of internal human capital before doing so. In this study,   we propose and validate two antecedents of organizational investment in   internal human capital in the context of OSS adoption. They are (1)   firm-specificity of OSS human capital, which denotes the extent to which   the internal OSS human capital is strongly tied to the organization and   cannot be equally well applied in other organizations, and (2)   learning-related scale, which reflects the extent to which the   organizational cost of learning OSS can be spread by applying the   knowledge gained to other projects and business functions within the   organization. Survey data collected from 114 senior Information   Technology (IT) managers and professionals indicates that these two   factors are positively associated with the investment in cultivating   internal OSS human capital.",10.1080/08874417.2013.11645670
1833,InProceedings,Ocean space surveillance system - OSS,"OSS is a real-time supervising concept for marine operations and   management based on data assimilation and integrated measurements and   models. OSS is composed of an underwater sensor network, communication   links to computers running ocean models, computer ocean models and a   data assimilation tool which adapts the model to measurement data from   the sensor network. The paper describes the overall system and how the   sensor measurements are updating the model. The inclusion of   electromagnetic communication in the sensor network is discussed,   illustrating the link sea surface range and performance in terms of   signal level variations. Results from real measurements at the coast of   Norway show the improved predictions of sea current behaviour. Besides   from improving the quality of predictions, modelling is used for optimum   deployment of the network nodes, representing a major economical benefit   of the OSS approach compared to a more ad hoc deployment of the nodes.",NA
1834,Article,"On platforms, incomplete contracts, and open source software","We analyze investment incentives for a firm A owning a software platform   and an application and a firm B deciding whether to develop a new   application for the platform. While B's entry helps the success of the   platform, B fears ex post expropriation by A and is hence reluctant to   enter and invest. We show that different platform governance structures   prevalent in the Information and Communication Technology industry   (integrated, proprietary, standardized, open source platform) serve to   balance investment incentives for the platform and for the applications.   (C) 2013 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijindorg.2013.07.003
1838,InProceedings,Onboarding in Open Source Software Projects: A Preliminary Analysis,"Nowadays, many software projects are partially or completely open-source   based. There is an increasing need for companies to participate in   open-source software (OSS) projects, e. g., in order to benefit from   open source ecosystems. OSS projects introduce particular challenges   that have to be understood in order to gain the benefits. One such   challenge is getting newcomers onboard into the projects effectively.   Similar challenges may be present in other self-organised, virtual team   environments. In this paper we present preliminary observations and   results of in-progress research that studies the process of onboarding   into virtual OSS teams. The study is based on a program created and   conceived at Stanford University in conjunction with Facebook's   Education Modernization program. It involves the collaboration of more   than a dozen international universities and nine open source projects.   More than 120 students participated in 2013. The students have been   introduced to and supported by mentors experienced in the participating   OSS projects. Our findings indicate that mentoring is an important   factor for effective onboarding in OSS projects, promoting cohesion   within distributed teams and maintaining an appropriate pace.",10.1109/ICGSEW.2013.8
1840,Article,Open Journal Systems (OJS): a system of open source software for journal   management and publishing,"Academic journals help timely publish of scientific research results,   share of information, help research results to be permanent and through   these contribute the development of science. Journal publishers aim to   publish original articles following international publishing principles   in order to open to the world, reach the society, leading the changing   demands of them. It is important that tasks and procedures are handled   by a widely excepted journal publishing system. Open Journal Systems   developed under Public Knowledge Project which are started in order to   help the creation of appropriate environment and increase the quality of   academic and public research developed within this framework is the main   topic of this study.",10.2399/yod.13.003
1841,InProceedings,Open Source Software (OSS) Implementation Strategy from a Fit   Perspective: Empirical Evidence of Influence on Productivity   <i>Completed Research Paper</i>,"Irrespective of increased implementation of OSS in organizations, its   impact on productivity remains a strategic challenge. Influenced by the   ``creative elements{''} of OSS, individuals in organizations often   forget that the end result of software implementation is to improve   productivity, thereby creating a negative impression on OSS   implementation strategy as a whole. In this study, we argue that fit   between the individual's task, values and work demands can influence or   hinder the sustained use of OSS. We explore how task-technology fit and   two dimensions of person-organization fit (value-based fit and   demand-ability fit) interact with each other to influence productivity   performance. Using survey data, we find that congruence between the   organization's OSS values and the individual user's OSS values   (value-based fit), decreases productivity performance, whereas, fit   between an individual's OSS skills and the organizational task demands   (demandability fit), increases productivity performance. We discuss   managerial implications and contributions of the findings.",NA
1843,InProceedings,Open Source Software Adoption in Mauritius,"Open source software is rapidly spreading in the world as there is no   cost associated with its acquisition. Companies have reported   substantial savings in their cost of operation with the adoption of such   software. As compared to commercial pressure exerted by users for   proprietary software, open source software relies on peer pressure among   the community involved as far as updates, amendments and enhancements   are concerned. In this paper, the adoption of open source software in   the world is highlighted together with issues pertaining to their use.   In addition, a survey showing the low adoption of such software in the   public sector in Mauritius is presented. A case study demonstrating the   benefits in terms of cost is explored in the public sector organisation   and a medium-sized private organisation in Mauritius. The promise of   open source software for Mauritius, as a small island developing state,   is also discussed as a way ahead to unleash further benefits.",NA
1844,InProceedings,Open Source Software Defined Radio Platform for GNSS Recording and   Simulation,The Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform continues to shape the Global   Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) testing and development environment.   Open source SDR platforms are now being developed and offer GNSS   development capability to a variety of users that have not previously   had sufficient resources to be engaged. An open source platform also   offers many advantages in terms of customization and system development.   NAVSYS has integrated GNSS waveforms into SDRs such as the Ettus   Research (TM) USRP (TM) N210 and the Racelogic LabSat devices for use as   inexpensive GNSS signal simulators. In this paper we show how an open   source SDR platform can be used with GNU Radio open source architecture   for building a GNSS signal simulator. We will also show how this can be   integrated with NAVSYS GNSS Signal Architect Simulator Software for a   turnkey system to carry out multi-frequency/multi-code generation with   the option for users to update and modify the signal generation   software.,NA
1845,InProceedings,Open Source Software Development Process Model -- A Grounded Theory   Approach Completed Research Paper,"The open source movement has provided software users with more choices,   lower software acquisition cost, more flexible software customization,   and possibly higher quality software product. Although the development   of open source software is dynamic and it encourages innovations, the   process can be chaotic. An Open Source Software Development (OSSD)   process model to enhance the survivability of OSSD projects is needed.   This research uses the grounded theory approach to derive a   Phase-Role-Skill-Responsibility (PRSR) OSSD process model. The three   OSSD process phases -- Launch Stage, Before the First Release, and   Between Releases -- address the characteristics of the OSSD process as   well as factors that influence the OSSD process. In the PRSR model,   different roles/actors are required to have different skills and   responsibilities corresponding to each of the three OSSD process phases.   This qualitative research contributes to the software development   literature as well as open source practice.",NA
1846,Article,Open Source Software Development Process Model: A Grounded Theory   Approach,"The global open source movement has provided software users with more   choices, lower software acquisition cost, more flexible software   customization, and possibly higher quality software product. Although   the development of open source software is dynamic and it encourages   innovations, the process can be chaotic and involve members around the   globe. An Open Source Software Development (OSSD) process model to   enhance the survivability of OSSD projects is needed. This research uses   the grounded theory approach to derive a Phase-Role-Skill-Responsibility   (PRSR) OSSD process model. The three OSSD process phases - Launch Stage,   Before the First Release, and Between Releases - address the   characteristics of the OSSD process as well as factors that influence   the OSSD process. In the PRSR model, different roles/actors are required   to have different skills and responsibilities corresponding to each of   the three OSSD process phases. This qualitative research contributes to   the software development literature as well as open source practice.",10.4018/jgim.2013100106
1847,InProceedings,Open Source Software Documentation Mining for Quality Assessment,"Besides source code, the fundamental source of information about Open   Source Software lies in documentation, and other non source code files,   like README, INSTALL, or HowTo files, commonly available in the software   ecosystem. These documents, written in natural language, provide   valuable information during the software development stage, but also in   future maintenance and evolution tasks.   DMOSS1 is a toolkit designed to systematically assess the quality of non   source code text found in software packages. The toolkit handles a   package as an attribute tree, and performs several tree traverse   algorithms through a set of plugins, specialized in retrieving specific   metrics from text, gathering information about the software. These   metrics are later used to infer knowledge about the software, and   composed together to build reports that assess the quality of specific   features of the software.   This paper discusses the motivations for this work, continues with a   description of the toolkit implementation and design goals. Follows an   example of its usage to process a software package, and the produced   report. Finally some final remarks and trends for future work are   presented.",10.1007/978-3-642-36981-0\\_73
1848,Article,Open Source Software or the paradoxical introduction of a meritocratic   system,"This article presents the introduction of Open Source Software whitin   companies as a attempt by a group of developers to challenge the IT   (Information Technology) profession order, ruled by the manager since   the 1970s. Based on a study conducted among professional free software   developers we see that by mobilizing digital devices and meritocratic   principles, they contest the hierarchical legitimacy within companies,   but we also show that in this sector, the use of meritocratic principle   implies a heightened competition and a panoptic control of work, which   do not necessarily lead to the professional developers autonomy. This   evolution happens precisely when financial pressure are growing in the   organization of the IT sector.",NA
1849,Article,OpenSQUID: A Flexible Open-Source Software Framework for the Control of   SQUID Electronics,"Commercially available computer-controlled SQUID electronics are usually   delivered with software providing a basic user interface for adjustment   of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) tuning   parameters, such as bias current, flux offset, and feedback loop   settings. However, in a research context it would often be useful to be   able to modify this code and/or to have full control over all these   parameters from researcher-written software. In the case of the STAR   Cryoelectronics PCI/PFL family of SQUID control electronics, the   supplied software contains modules for automatic tuning and noise   characterization, but does not provide an interface for user code. On   the other hand, the Magnicon SQUIDViewer software package includes a   public application programming interface, but lacks auto-tuning and   noise characterization features. To overcome these and other   limitations, we are developing an ``open-source{''} framework for   controlling SQUID electronics, which should provide maximal   interoperability with user software, a unified user interface for   electronics from different manufacturers, and a flexible platform for   the rapid development of customized SQUID auto-tuning and other advanced   features. We have completed a first implementation for the STAR   Cryoelectronics hardware and have made the source code for this ongoing   project available to the research community on SourceForge   (http://opensquid.sourceforge.net) under the GNU public license.",10.1109/TASC.2013.2245712
1850,Article,PREDICTING SOFTWARE CHANGE IN AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE USING MACHINE   LEARNING ALGORITHMS,"Due to various reasons such as ever increasing demands of the customer   or change in the environment or detection of a bug, changes are   incorporated in a software. This results in multiple versions or   evolving nature of a software. Identification of parts of a software   that are more prone to changes than others is one of the important   activities. Identifying change prone classes will help developers to   take focused and timely preventive actions on the classes of the   software with similar characteristics in the future releases. In this   paper, we have studied the relationship between various object oriented   (OO) metrics and change proneness. We collected a set of OO metrics and   change data of each class that appeared in two versions of an open   source dataset, `Java TreeView', i.e., version 1.1.6 and version 1.0.3.   Besides this, we have also predicted various models that can be used to   identify change prone classes, using machine learning and statistical   techniques and then compared their performance. The results are analyzed   using Area Under the Curve (AUC) obtained from Receiver Operating   Characteristics (ROC) analysis. The results show that the models   predicted using both machine learning and statistical methods   demonstrate good performance in terms of predicting change prone   classes. Based on the results, it is reasonable to claim that quality   models have a significant relevance with OO metrics and hence can be   used by researchers for early prediction of change prone classes.",10.1142/S0218539313500253
1851,Article,PaDEL-DDPredictor: Open-source software for PD-PK-T prediction,"ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and   toxicity)-related failure of drug candidates is a major issue for the   pharmaceutical industry today. Prediction of PD-PK-T properties using in   silico tools has become very important in pharmaceutical research to   reduce cost and enhance efficiency. PaDEL-DDPredictor is an in silico   tool for rapid prediction of PD-PK-T properties of compounds from their   chemical structures. It is free and open-source software that, has both   graphical user interface and command line interface, can work on all   major platforms (Windows, Linux, and MacOS) and supports more than 90   different molecular file formats. The software can be downloaded from   http://padel.nus.edu.sg/software/padelddpredictor. (c) 2012 Wiley   Periodicals, Inc.",10.1002/jcc.23173
1852,InProceedings,Performance and participation in open source software on GitHub,"A few studies have attempted to provide metrics of success in open source software (OSS) projects but the role a code hosting workspace plays in how performance is viewed and measured is little examined. We conducted qualitative, exploratory research with lead and core developers on three successful projects on GitHub to understand how OSS communities on GitHub measure success. These results were obtained in connection with a larger project that is designed to understand the structure of code hosting platforms in relation to participation and performance. We report two main findings. First, lead and core members of the projects we interviewed display a nuanced understanding of community participation in their assessment of success. Second, they attribute increased participation on their projects to the features and usability provided by GitHub.",10.1145/2468356.2468382
1854,Article,Preliminary steps toward a general theory of Internet-based   collective-action in digital information commons: Findings from a study   of open source software projects,"This paper presents some of the findings from a 5-year empirical study   of FOSS (free/libre and open source software) commons, completed in   2011. FOSS projects are Internet-based common property regimes where the   project source code is developed over the Internet. The resulting   software is generally distributed with a license that provides users   with the freedoms to access, use, read, modify and redistribute the   software. In this study we used three different and very large datasets   (approximately 107,000; 174,000 and 1400 cases, respectively) with   information on FOSS projects residing in Sourceforge. net, one of the   largest, if not the largest, FOSS repository in the world. We employ   various quantitative methods to uncover factors that lead some FOSS   projects to ongoing collaborative success, while others become   abandoned. After presenting some of our study's results, we articulate   the collaborative ``story{''} of FOSS that emerged. We close the paper   by discussing some key findings that can contribute to a general theory   of Internet-based collective-action and FOSS-like forms of digital   online commons.",NA
1855,InProceedings,Project Selection for Student Involvement in Humanitarian FOSS,"Student involvement in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) holds the   potential to support a wide range software engineering education topics   from requirements to design to testing and more. In addition,   participation in a FOSS project exposes students to large, complex   software projects and real-world development teams and environments like   those that they will typically see after graduation. However,   identifying a project appropriate for student involvement can be a   difficult task. There are a huge number of possible FOSS projects with a   wide range of sizes, complexity, and domains. The presenters of this   workshop have developed an approach to FOSS project identification {[}1]   which is based on several years of experience with student participation   in FOSS projects. The approach is based on humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) as   those projects have been shown to motivate students {[}2]. During the   workshop, key criteria for evaluating a FOSS project will be presented,   along with a rubric. This workshop will interactively walk participants   through the process of identifying and evaluating a project appropriate   for their classes based on the criteria and rubric.",NA
1856,Article,Project selection for student participation in humanitarian FOSS,"Many faculty members are excited by the learning potential inherent in student participation in a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project. Student learning can range from software development to technical writing to team skills to professionalism and more. The altruistic nature of humanitarian FOSS provides additional appeal to students by providing the ability to do some social good. However, selection of an appropriate project can be difficult due to the large number of humanitarian FOSS projects available, and the wide range of size, complexity, domains, and communities in those projects. We have developed an approach to FOSS project selection [1] based on several years of experience involving students in humanitarian FOSS projects. This workshop will provide participants with a hands-on experience in selecting such a project. Participants will understand the key aspects of FOSS projects that are important when evaluating a project for use in the classroom. Participants will also be guided through the process of identifying and evaluating candidate projects for their classes.",NA
1857,InProceedings,Project selection for student participation in humanitarian FOSS,"Student involvement in Free and Open Source Software projects provides rich potential for learning. However, the selection of such projects for use within a class can present difficulties due to the large number of available projects, and the wide range of size, complexity, domains, and communities in those projects. This workshop will provide guidance and hands-on experience in selecting a project based on a known methodology for project selection.",10.1145/2512276.2512326
1858,InProceedings,Python: Characteristics Identification of a Free Open Source Software   Ecosystem,"Analysing a free open source software ecosystem can be beneficial and   can help stakeholders in numerous ways. The analysis can help   developers, investors, and contributors, to decide which software   ecosystem to invest in and where to invest. Another reason for making an   analysis is to assist ecosystem coordinators in governing their   ecosystem. The paper provides an insight on the free open source   software ecosystem of Python. It presents an analysis of the software   ecosystem itself and the different characteristics it has. Based upon   the conducted analysis with the available dataset, the research   concludes that the free open source software ecosystem of Python   contains three ecosystem roles that define its ecosystem. Next to that,   it has grown exponentially from 31 active developers in 2005 to 5,212   December 2012. These results can help set up a strategy for the future   of the Python ecosystem. At this point in time, it is necessary to make   arrangements for the ongoing growth of the Python ecosystem. Failing to   do so can lead to a growing number of unusable features, and eventually   advance to an unhealthy ecosystem.",NA
1859,InProceedings,Quality Assurance for Open Source Software Configuration Management,"Commonly used open source configuration management systems, such as Puppet, Chef and CFEngine, allow for system configurations to be expressed as scripts. A number of quality issues that may arise when executing these scripts are identified. An automated quality assurance service is proposed that identifies the presence of these issues by automatically executing scripts across a range of environments. Test results are automatically published to a format capable of being consumed by script catalogues and social coding sites. This would serve as an independent signal of script trustworthiness and quality to script consumers and would allow developers to be made quickly aware of quality issues. As a result, potential consumers of scripts can be assured that a script is likely to work when applied to their particular environment. Script developers can be notified of compatibility issues and take steps to address them.",10.1109/SYNASC.2013.66
1860,Article,Quality evaluation of floss projects: Application to ERP systems,"Context: The selection and adoption of open source software can   significantly influence the competitiveness of organisations. Open   source software solutions offer great opportunities for cost reduction   and quality improvement, especially for small and medium enterprises   that typically have to address major difficulties due to the limited   resources available for selecting and adopting a new software system.   Objective: This paper aims to provide support for selecting the open   source software that is most suitable to the specific needs of an   enterprise from among the options offering equivalent or overlapping   functionality.   Method: This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the quality and   functionality of open source software systems. The name of the framework   is EFFORT (Evaluation Framework for Free/Open souRce projecTs). It   supports the evaluation of product quality, community trustworthiness   and product attractiveness. The framework needs to be customised to the   analysis of software systems for a specific context.   Results: The paper presents the customisation of EFFORT for evaluating   Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) open source software systems. The   customised framework was applied to the evaluation and comparison of   five ERP open source software systems. The results obtained permitted   both the refinement of the measurement framework and the identification   of the ERP open source software system that achieved the highest score   for each chosen characteristic.   Conclusion: EFFORT is a useful tool for evaluating and selecting an open   source software system. It may significantly reduce the amount of   negotiation conducted among an enterprise's members and reduce the time   and cost required for gathering and interpreting data. The EFFORT   framework also considers the users' opinions by introducing relevance   markers associated with the metrics and questions in the data   aggregation process. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2013.01.007
1862,Article,Rallying competencies in virtual communities: A study of core processes   and user interest in open source software projects,"Managing work practices has become one of the key challenges facing   virtual communities. This paper seeks to broaden the research on virtual   communities by applying the theory of competency rallying (TCR) in a   longitudinal manner to examine the impact of task identification, task   assignment, task execution and task management on user interest in open   source software (OSS) projects defined by popularity and communication.   The aim of this paper is: (I) re-conceptualizing the concept of user   interest and broadening our understanding of user interest by   incorporating users' post-usage behaviors, (2) examining the effect of   various tasks involved in an OSS project's key processes of   defect-fixing and feature-enhancement on user interest. The current   study found that project popularity is positively influenced by task   assignment, task execution and task management. Additionally, user   communication was found to be positively impacted by task identification   and task execution. The data collected from 1178 OSS projects in a   longitudinal manner (at 3 time points over a period of 16 months)   confirmed the expectations from TCR and also demonstrated that over time   the effects that development of competencies and managing short term   cooperative work have on project success might increase, while the   impact of identifying market needs and marshalling competencies may not   significantly change. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2013.03.001
1864,InProceedings,"Reflexivity, Raymond, and the success of open source software development: a SourceForge empirical study","Context: Conventional wisdom, inspired in part by Eric Raymond, suggests that open source developers should---and primarily do---develop software for developers like themselves. We refer to the production of software primarily for the benefit of developers as reflexivity, and we evaluate the applicability of this concept to open source software (OSS) by studying SourceForge projects. Objective: The goal of this research is to test Eric Raymond's assertions with respect to OSS success factors. Method: We present four criteria by which to assess project reflexivity in SourceForge. These criteria are based on three specific indicators: intended audiences, relevant topics, and supported operating systems. Results: We show in this short paper that 68\\% of SourceForge projects are likely reflexive (in the sense described by Raymond). Further, 76\\% of projects exceeding one million downloads are reflexive, 79\\% for projects exceeding ten million downloads, and 89\\% for projects exceeding one hundred million downloads. Conclusion: These results tentatively support Raymond's assertions that 1) OSS projects tend to be reflexive and 2) reflexive OSS projects tend to be more successful than irreflexive projects. Causality, however, is not addressed.",10.1145/2460999.2461036
1865,Article,Reliability assessment based on hazard rate model for an embedded OSS   porting-phase,"Embedded Open Source Software (OSS) systems have been gaining a lot of   attention in the embedded system area. The successful experience of   embedded OSSs include Android, BusyBox, TRON, etc. Also, OSS market will   be expanded not only to mobile phone OSS areas but also to other   embedded OSS areas in the future. However, the poor handling of quality   problem and customer support prohibit the progress of embedded OSS.   Also, it is difficult for developers to assess the reliability and   portability of embedded OSS on a single-board computer. A method of   software reliability assessment based on flexible hazard rate modeling   for the embedded OSS is proposed in this paper. Also, several numerical   examples are shown by using actual data. Moreover, this paper compares   the proposed model with the conventional hazard rate models by using the   comparison criteria of goodness-of-fit. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \\&   Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/stvr.455
1866,Article,Repair of mandibular defects by bone marrow stromal cells expressing the   basic fibroblast growth factor transgene combined with multi-pore   mineralized Bio-Oss,"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combining   Bio-Oss with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transfected with the   basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene on bone regeneration during   mandibular distraction of rabbits. BMSCs obtained from rabbits were   transfected with bFGF gene-encoding plasmids and proliferation rate and   the differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase activity were measured.   Following seeding into Bio-Oss collagen and 9-day culture in vitro, the   surface morphology of the Bio-Oss was assessed using scanning electron   microscopy analysis. Three mandibular defects were induced in the lower   border of the bilateral mandibular ramus in each New Zealand white   rabbit (total n=6). Three scaffolds, group A (seeded with BMSCs/bFGF), B   (seeded with BMSCs/pVAX1) and C (cell-free), which had been cultured in   vitro under standard cell culture conditions for 18 days, were implanted   into mandibular defects under sterile conditions. Animals were   sacrificed by anesthesia overdose 12 weeks following surgery and the   scaffolds were extracted for bone mineral density and histological   analyses. Results indicate that bFGF was successfully transfected into   BMSCs. Proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs were   stimulated by bFGE: in vitro. No differences were identified in surface   morphology for Bio-Oss loaded with variable groups of cells. At week 12   following implantation of Bio-Oss scaffolds, mineralization of BMSCs in   Bio-Oss scaffolds was observed to be increased by bFGF. New bone and   cartilage formation was revealed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained   sections in Bio-Oss scaffolds and was most abundant in group A (BMSCs   transfected with bFGF). In the current study, the bFGF gene was   transfected into BMSCs and expressed successfully. bFGF promoted   proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and implantation of   bFGF-expressing BMSCs combined with Bio-Oss enhanced new bone   regeneration more effectively than traditional methods.",10.3892/mmr.2012.1171
1867,Article,SOLDIERS OF SCIENCE-AGENTS OF CULTURE AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN THE   OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES (OSS),"``Scientificity{''} and appeals to political independence are invaluable   tools when institutions such as the American School of Classical Studies   at Athens attempt to maintain professional autonomy. Nonetheless, the   cooperation of scientists and scholars with the Office of Strategic   Services (OSS), among them archaeologists affiliated with the American   School, suggests a constitutive affinity between political and cultural   leadership. This relationship is here mapped in historical terms, while,   at the same time, sociological categorizations of knowledge and its   employment are used in order to situate archaeologists in their broader   social and political context and to evaluate their work not merely as   agents of disciplinary knowledge but also as agents of culture and   cultural change.",NA
1868,Article,Scaling a framework for client-driven open source software projects: a report from three schools,"While large ongoing humanitarian open source software (HFOSS) projects are often seen as a way to engage students in capstone courses, they can be difficult to incorporate into an academic setting. One way this problem can be mitigated is by growing student-oriented open source projects within academia while still involving real world clients. One such project, called Homebase, involved a team of students working with a local Ronald McDonald House to develop volunteer scheduling software. In true open source fashion, this project has since been extended over a number of course iterations, with different clients, and has been adopted at other schools. In this paper, we report on our experiences using this approach for similar projects at three quite different schools, and discuss ways to adapt and enhance this approach for differing student populations.",NA
1869,InProceedings,Small World Characteristics of FLOSS Distributions,"Over the years, Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) distributions have become more and more complex and recent versions contain tens of thousands of packages. This has made it impossible to do quality control by hand. Instead, distribution editors must look to automated methods to ensure the quality of their distributions.In the present paper, we present some insights into the general structure of FLOSS distributions. We notably show that such distributions have the characteristics of a small world network: there are only a few important packages, and many less important packages. Identifying the important packages can help editors focus their efforts on parts of the distribution where errors will have important consequences.",10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_30
1870,InProceedings,Social Activities Rival Patch Submission For Prediction of Developer   Initiation in OSS Projects,"Maintaining a productive and collaborative team of developers is   essential to Open Source Software (OSS) success, and hinges upon the   trust inherent among the team. Whether a project participant is   initiated as a developer is a function of both his technical   contributions and also his social interactions with other project   participants. One's online social footprint is arguably easier to   ascertain and gather than one's technical contributions e. g., gathering   patch submission information requires mining multiple sources with   different formats, and then merging the aliases from these sources. In   contrast to prior work, where patch submission was found to be an   essential ingredient to achieving developer status, here we investigate   the extent to which the likelihood of achieving that status can be   modeled solely as a social network phenomenon. For 6 different OSS   projects we compile and integrate a set of social measures of the   communications network among OSS project participants and a set of   technical measures, i.e. OSS developers patch submission activities. We   use these sets to predict whether a project participant will become a   developer. We find that the social network metrics, in particular the   amount of two-way communication a person participates in, are more   significant predictors of one's likelihood to becoming a developer.   Further, we find that this is true to the extent that other predictors,   e. g. patch submission info, need not be included in the models. In   addition, we show that future developers are easy to identify with great   fidelity when using the first three months of data of their social   activities. Moreover, only the first month of their social links are a   very useful predictor, coming within 10\\% of the three month data's   predictions. Finally, we find that it is easier to become a developer   earlier in the projects lifecycle than it is later as the project   matures. These results should provide insight on the social nature of   gaining trust and advancing in status in distributed projects.",10.1109/ICSM.2013.45
1872,Article,Soil Pore Characterization Using Free Software and a Portable Optical   Microscope,"Total porosity (TP), determined by image analysis, pore type and pore   size distribution were evaluated on impregnated soil blocks from an   undisturbed Brazilian sandy loam soil using a digital portable optical   microscope. The free software Image J (version 1.40g) was used for image   analysis. Procedures for soil image collection and analysis were   presented. The image analysis allowed the evaluation of pore sizes with   diameters ranging from 20 to > 1 000 m. The following types of pores   were also obtained: rounded, elongated and intermediate. The results   allowed the characterization of the soil as moderately porous (TP =   21.6\\%). Rounded, intermediate and elongated pores were responsible for   11.6\\%, 31.7\\% and 56.7\\% of TP. In relation to pore size 51.1\\% of TP   was in the 100-500 mu m size class and a third of TP came from the pores   larger than 500 mu m.",10.1016/S1002-0160(13)60043-0
1873,Article,Structure and Improvement of Properties of Floss Silk via Scouring and   Finishing Treatment,"In the present study, floss silk was treated by scouring and finishing,   respectively. The micro structure was observed with scanning electron   microscopy (SEM, the mechanical property tested by an Instron 5566   tensile tester, and the crystal structure was analysed with Fourier   transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and   X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that the   properties of floss silk treated with the refining method are better   than with the alkali method.",NA
1874,Article,Studying re-opened bugs in open source software,"Bug fixing accounts for a large amount of the software maintenance   resources. Generally, bugs are reported, fixed, verified and closed.   However, in some cases bugs have to be re-opened. Re-opened bugs   increase maintenance costs, degrade the overall user-perceived quality   of the software and lead to unnecessary rework by busy practitioners. In   this paper, we study and predict re-opened bugs through a case study on   three large open source projects-namely Eclipse, Apache and OpenOffice.   We structure our study along four dimensions: (1) the work habits   dimension (e.g., the weekday on which the bug was initially closed), (2)   the bug report dimension (e.g., the component in which the bug was   found) (3) the bug fix dimension (e.g., the amount of time it took to   perform the initial fix) and (4) the team dimension (e.g., the   experience of the bug fixer). We build decision trees using the   aforementioned factors that aim to predict re-opened bugs. We perform   top node analysis to determine which factors are the most important   indicators of whether or not a bug will be re-opened. Our study shows   that the comment text and last status of the bug when it is initially   closed are the most important factors related to whether or not a bug   will be re-opened. Using a combination of these dimensions, we can build   explainable prediction models that can achieve a precision between   52.1-78.6 \\% and a recall in the range of 70.5-94.1 \\% when predicting   whether a bug will be re-opened. We find that the factors that best   indicate which bugs might be re-opened vary based on the project. The   comment text is the most important factor for the Eclipse and OpenOffice   projects, while the last status is the most important one for Apache.   These factors should be closely examined in order to reduce maintenance   cost due to re-opened bugs.",10.1007/s10664-012-9228-6
1875,InProceedings,Supporting the Evolution of Free and Open Source Software Distributions,"This paper overviews Mancoosi, an European project in the 7th Research   Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission, on managing   software complexity. The focus of the project has been on managing the   evolution of Free and Open Source Software distributions. Evolution of   these distributions is realized through the upgrade, the addition, and   the removal of software packages. The project has two main objectives:   (i) develop a model-based approach to safely support the upgrade of FOSS   systems, (ii) develop better algorithms and tools to plan upgrade paths   based on various information sources about software packages and on   optimization criteria.   The paper focuses on the first objective of the project. The main result   of this objective is an approach that promotes the simulation of   upgrades to predict failures before affecting the real system. Both   fine-grained static aspects (e. g., configuration incoherences) and   dynamic aspects (e. g., the execution of configuration scripts) are   taken into account, improving over the state of the art of package   managers.",NA
1876,InProceedings,Surveying National Systems of Innovation (NSI) Using Free Open Source   Software (FOSS): The Case of Ghana,"In today's global knowledge-based economy, knowledge, its creation,   accumulation and distribution, through institutions of human,   organizational and social capital, plays an increasingly crucial role as   the key factor in innovation and economic development. The production,   distribution and processing of knowledge (especially scientific and   technological) is increasingly performed within the domain of   computational information and communication technologies (ICTs). Even   though there is an asymmetric distribution of ICT resources,   particularly between developed and developing countries the emergence of   Free Open Source Software (FOSS) is a means to bridge the `digital   divide'. This paper examines the use of FOSS for mapping and measuring   the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Ghana and generating evidence   based policy. Findings indicate the value of FOSS in mapping and   measuring for evidence based policy and the crucial role of ICT in the   NSI.",NA
1877,InProceedings,Survival Distribution Analysis for Version Control Open Source Software,"Survivability is a vital concern to the Open Source Software (OSS)   community. To measure OSS survivability performance, user download is a   metric suggested for measuring the user population size, use and   download to determine software popularity, success ability and   survivability. For measuring OSS survival growth, the size of the user   download is significant as it can help determine a product's popularity   and users' trust. This paper makes two important contributions to the   literature: identification of low survival issues in relation to   existing projects and the significance of project type differences   underpinning product age and survival distributions",NA
1879,Article,Sustainability in Open Source Software Commons: Lessons Learned from an   Empirical Study of SourceForge Projects,"In this article, we summarize a five-year US National Science Foundation   funded study designed to investigate the factors that lead some open   source projects to ongoing collaborative success while many others   become abandoned. Our primary interest was to conduct a study that was   closely representative of the population of open source software   projects in the world, rather than focus on the more-often studied,   high-profile successful cases. After building a large database of   projects (n=174,333) and implementing a major survey of open source   developers (n=1403), we were able to conduct statistical analyses to   investigate over forty theoretically-based testable hypotheses. Our data   firmly support what we call the conventional theory of open source   software, showing that projects start small, and, in successful cases,   grow slightly larger in terms of team size. We describe the ``virtuous   circle{''} supporting conventional wisdom of open source collaboration   that comes out of this analysis, and we discuss two other interesting   findings related to developer motivations and how team members find each   other. Each of these findings is related to the sustainability of these   projects.",NA
1880,Article,Sustainability in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Commons}: {Lessons} {Learned} from an {Empirical} {Study} of {SourceForge} {Projects},"In this article, we summarize a five-year US National Science Foundation funded study designed to investigate the factors that lead some open source projects to ongoing collaborative success while many others become abandoned. Our primary interest was to conduct a study that was closely representative of the population of open source software projects in the world, rather than focus on the more-often studied, high-profile successful cases. After building a large database of projects (n=174,333) and implementing a major survey of open source developers (n=1403), we were able to conduct statistical analyses to investigate over forty theoretically-based testable hypotheses. Our data firmly support what we call the conventional theory of open source software, showing that projects start small, and, in successful cases, grow slightly larger in terms of team size. We describe the ""virtuous circle"" supporting conventional wisdom of open source collaboration that comes out of this analysis, and we discuss two other interesting findings related to developer motivations and how team members find each other. Each of these findings is related to the sustainability of these projects.",NA
1881,InProceedings,TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING WITH OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR SCIENTISTS   AND ENGINEERS,"This paper represents the evaluation and integration of Open Source   Software (OSS) technologies to enhance the learning of engineers and   scientists within the university. The utilization of OSS is essential as   costs around the world continue to rise for education, institutions must   become innovative in the ways they teach and grow Science, Technology,   Engineering, \\& Mathematics (STEM) majors. To do this effectively   professors and administrative staff should push toward the utilization   of OSS and other available tools to enhance or supplement currently   available tools with minimal integration costs. The OSS applications   would allow students the ability to learn critical technological skills   for success at small fraction of the cost. OSS also provides faculty   members the ability to have students dissect source code, analyze   network traffic, create virtual instances of real Operating Systems   (OSs), and prepare students for low level software development. It is   critical that all institutions look at alternatives in providing   training and delivering educational material regardless of limitations   going forward as the world continues to be more global due to the   increased use of technologies everywhere. Through reviewing the   available technology, possible implementations of these technologies,   and the application of these items in industry could provide a starting   point in integrating these tools into academia. When administrators or   faculty debate the possibilities of OSS, gaming, and simulation tools   this applied research provides a guide for changing the ability to   develop future scientists and engineers that will be competitive on a   global level in STEM fields",NA
1882,Article,THE LIFE CYCLE OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITIES,"Drawing from the concept of entropy in open systems theory, this article   contributes to organizational theory by illuminating organizational life   cycle theory and exploring open source software development communities   (OSSDC) with quantitative longitudinal data. In particular, this study   uses functional data analysis to uncover the development patterns of   open source software projects in terms of effectiveness and activity   levels. Our findings show that the life cycles of OSSDC display an   inverted-U shape in terms of effectiveness level and an inverted-S shape   in terms of activity level. Although our results provide some evidence   of distinct states, they do not imply that such states are predetermined   or irreversible. On the contrary, these numerous states are viewed here   as intrinsically dynamic. These findings not only give empirical support   to the organizational life cycle metaphor in the context of OSSDC, but   also aid practitioners and policy-makers in assessing online   communities. Taking an open systems view of organizations, this study   aids in reconciling some issues in life cycle theory, such as the   irreversibility and pre-determinacy of life cycle models, and adds to a   young but fast growing stream of literature on open source projects.   Lastly, our findings remark the importance of fostering active   communities for superior effectiveness and long-term survival of the   community.",NA
1884,Article,"THE USE OF FREE SOFTWARE IN A ONE COMPUTER PER CHILD PROGRAM - PROUCA:   FREE CULTURE, TECHNOLOGY OWNERSHIP AND SCHOOL CULTURE","This article is the result of a research motivated by the reflection of   digital inclusion on the context of One Computer Per Child Program,   which digital technologies are based on open source software on a   municipal school of Campina Grande, PB. The main goal is the open source   software analysis as a fundament to build a learning environment and   sociodigital inclusion network, whether online or offline, discussing   the Digital Inclusion topic in schools as a socialcultural perspective.   The theoretical base approached the issue of free access and free use of   knowledge in school culture as the technological appropriation of the   sharing knowledge between subjects. On this perspective, results   indicates that open source software enhances learning process when   understood and appropriate in school, from its founding source that is   articulated collective intelligence of geographically localized form   expanding collaboratively to cyber networks.",NA
1885,InProceedings,TOWARD A NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Open Source Software (OSS) solutions are growing rapidly as they become   more mature. Countries have focused their efforts to support OSS   initiatives and foster their development by providing government support   through laws and legislation, and education. Because of the growing   national interest in OSS, we surveyed efforts of twenty major world   economies, otherwise known as the Group-of-Twenty (G-20). We examined   over forty-five national initiatives within the twenty countries and we   were able to identify seven distinctive common strategies applied within   the past ten years. Each strategy has been adapted by at least three   countries. The result of the survey shows a significant growth in   interest to support OSS by major economies. Based on the result of our   survey we present a stepwise process to align the seven strategies to   national objectives and market needs, and provide a prioritization   scheme for strategy implementation.",NA
1886,Article,TRUST AND DISTRUST IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT,"Few open source software (OSS) projects have been great success stories.   One reason for this is project stagnation after developers quit their   projects. This fact has motivated researchers to examine the factors   that influence developers' intention to continue their participation.   One factor is trust among developers. The effects of trust on   developers' intention to remain with their projects have been studied.   However, little is known about its conceptual counterpart, distrust.   This dearth of knowledge motivates our research. First, we studied what   OSS project features affect trust and distrust among developers. Second,   we examined how trust and distrust influence developers' intention to   continue participating. We tested our hypotheses with 451 data points   from an online survey. Our findings indicate that cooperative norms and   effective communication engender trust, whereas an accreditation   mechanism eliminates distrust. Additionally, trust positively influences   their intention to continue participating, whereas distrust negatively   influences it.",10.1080/08874417.2013.11645674
1888,InProceedings,Teaching Software Maintenance with Open Source Software: Experiences and   Lessons,"Software Engineering (SE) careers are overwhelmingly devoted to the   maintenance and evolution of existing, large software systems, where the   key challenge is code comprehension especially in the face of inadequate   documentation and support. SE courses must thus prepare students to meet   this challenge. Open Source Software (OSS) furnishes a valuable source   of realistic, sizeable projects for inculcating the appreciation and   skills involved in code comprehension and evolution. This paper   describes experiences and lessons learnt in using OSS projects to teach   an introductory, sophomore/junior-level SE course with an emphasis on   comprehension, maintenance, and evolution. Students' reactions and   undertakings, acquired through participant observation and homework   assignments, suggest that OSS can meaningfully illustrate comprehension   and evolution difficulties. Finally, it describes the characteristics of   OSS projects that are conducive to highlighting maintenance challenges.",NA
1889,Article,Teaching software engineering from a maintenance-centric view using open-source software,"Software engineering (SE) careers are disproportionately devoted towards maintaining and evolving existing large systems, rather than building them from ground up. To address this focus, we have developed a maintenance-centric SE course that provides students experience in the maintenance and evolution of realistic software projects. For this purpose, we use Open-Source Software (OSS) which is freely available, as a source of realistic software projects.",NA
1890,Article,The Evolving Role of Open Source Software in Medicine and Health   Services,"The past five decades have witnessed immense coevolution of methods and   tools of information technology, and their practical and experimental   application within the medical and healthcare domain. Healthcare itself   continues to evolve in response to change in healthcare needs, progress   in the scientific foundations of treatments, and in professional and   managerial organization of affordable and effective services, in which   patients and their families and carers increasingly participate.   Taken together, these trends impose highly complex underlying challenges   for the design, development, and sustainability of the quality of   supporting information services and software infrastructure that are   needed. The challenges are multidisciplinary and multiprofessional in   scope, and they require deeper study and learning to inform policy and   promote public awareness of the problems health services have faced in   this area for many years. The repeating pattern of failure to live up to   expectations of policy-driven national health IT initiatives has proved   very costly and remains frustrating and unproductive for all involved.   In this article, we highlight the barriers to progress and discuss the   dangers of pursuing a standardization framework devoid of empirical   testing and iterative development. We give the example of the openEHR   Foundation, which was established at University College London (UCL) in   London, England, with members in 80 countries. The Foundation is a   not-forprofit company providing open specifications and working for   generic standards for electronic records, informed directly by a wide   range of implementation experience. We also introduce the Opereffa open   source framework, which was developed at UCL based on these   specifications and which has been downloaded in some 70 countries. We   argue that such an approach is now essential to support good discipline,   innovation, and governance at the heart of medicine and health services,   in line with the new mandate for health commissioning in the United   Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), which emphasizes patient   participation, innovation, transparency, and accountability.",NA
1892,Article,The Governance and Control of Open Source Software Projects,"A comprehensive set of governance mechanisms and dimensions were   investigated to identify combinations of mechanisms that are effectively   used together in on-going volunteer-based open source software (OSS)   projects. Three configurations were identified: Defined Community, Open   Community, and Authoritarian Community. Notably, Defined Community   governance had the strongest coordination and project climate and had   the most extensive use of outcome, behavior, and clan control mechanisms   (controller driven). The controls in the Defined Community governance   configuration appear to effectively enable open, coordinated   contribution and participation from a wide variety of talented   developers (one of the virtues of open source development) while   managing the development process and outcomes. The results add to our   theoretical understanding of control in different types of information   systems projects, as the combination of control modes found in OSS   projects is different from those found in previous research for internal   or outsourced information systems development projects. This could be   due to unique features of OSS projects, such as volunteer participation   and the controller being part of the development team. The results   provide guidance for practitioners about how to combine 19 identified   governance mechanisms into effective project governance that stimulates   productive participation.",10.2753/MIS0742-1222300303
1893,Article,The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement on Open Source   Software Project Success,"We investigate how intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement   against developers and users of open source software (OSS) affects the   success of related OSS projects. We hypothesize that when an IPR   enforcement action is filed, user interest and developer activity will   be negatively affected in two types of related OSS projects-those that   display technology overlap with the OSS application in dispute and   business projects that are specific to the disputed OSS platform. We   examine two widely publicized lawsuits-SCO v. IBM and FireStar/DataTern   v. Red Hat-using data from SourceForge. net. Our   difference-in-difference estimates show that in the months following the   filing of SCO v. IBM, OSS projects that exhibit high technology overlap   with the disputed OSS experienced a 15\\% greater decline in user   interest and 45\\% less developer activity than projects in the control   group; OSS projects that are intended for business and specific to the   disputed OSS platform had a 34\\% greater decline in user interest and   86\\% less developer activity than the control group. We find similar   results following the filing of FireStar/DataTern v. Red Hat. Our   results are also robust to a variety of robustness checks, including a   falsification exercise and subsample analyses.",10.1287/isre.2013.0479
1894,InProceedings,The Impact of Linux (Free Open Source Software) in Spoken-Tutorial a   Part of ``MOOC{''},"The Free Open Source Software is a growing concern for Massive Open   Online Courses. The Spoken-Tutorial is a program for the literate people   who belong to the Information system environment. Spoken Tutorials   Organize workshops focusing on ``MOOC{''}.   The Massive Open Online Course is a response to the challenges faced by   organizations in order to collect related information of several   matters. Spoken-Tutorial is prepared from the term that ``information is   everywhere{''} as a social network, you are a clickware of this digital   world. A world where internet is a medium to access mass information.   So, MOOC is the one way of learning in this digital social network   world. MOOC is a course-Open, Participatory, Distributed and Lifelong   networked learning. It has facility of various courses, with start, end   dates and participants. It's a way to connect and collaborate while   developing digital skills an engage in a learning process. It is an   EVENT around which people who care about a topic can gather and talk   about it in a structured way. MOOC can promote the network learning for   lifelong. People that have reputations for interesting skills and   innovative thinking besides a topic, collaborate by opening an online   course covering that topic. Anyone can join it. In a MOOC we can choose   what we want to do, how we want to participate and we can decide if we   have been successful, just like an existing atmosphere. Tutorials on   almost all the Free open source are run by Spoken tutorials which is   available on the internet and is provided by the team of spoken tutorial   project. In this   analysis we have mentioned all the steps of spoken tutorial courses and   have took a survey from computer engineering students who are currently   being taught Linux as their course laboratory and subject. This survey   contained the questions related to the spoken tutorial for FOSS Linux   and mode to organize the workshop.",NA
1896,Article,The Importance of Free and Open Source Software and Open Standards in   Modern Scientific Publishing,"In this paper we outline the reasons why we believe a reliance on the   use of proprietary computer software and proprietary file formats in   scientific publication have negative implications for the conduct and   reporting of science. There is increasing awareness and interest in the   scientific community about the benefits offered by free and open source   software. We discuss the present state of scientific publishing and the   merits of advocating for a wider adoption of open standards in science,   particularly where it concerns the publishing process.",10.3390/publications1020049
1897,Article,The attraction of contributors in free and open source software projects,"As firms increasingly sanction an open sourcing strategy, the question   of which open source project to undertake remains tentative. The lack of   established metrics makes it difficult to formulate such strategy. While   many projects have been formed and created, only a few managed to remain   active. With the majority of these projects failing, firms need a   reliable set of criteria to assess what makes a project appealing not   only to developers but also to visitors, users and commercial sponsors.   In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to explore the contextual   and causal factors of project attractiveness in inducing activities such   as source code contribution, software maintenance, and usage. We test   our model with data derived from more than 4000 projects spanning 4   years. Our main findings include that projects' set of conditions such   as license restrictiveness and their available resources provide the   context that directly influence the amount of work activities observed   in the projects. It was also found that indirect and unintended   contributions such as recommending software, despite of being   non-technical, cannot be ignored for project activeness, diffusion and   sustainability. Finally, our analysis provide evidence that higher   attractiveness leads to more code-related activities with the downside   of slowing down responsiveness to address projects' tasks, such as the   implementation of new features and bug fixes. Our model underscores the   significance of the reinforcing effects of attractiveness and work   activities in open source projects, giving us the opportunity to discuss   strategies to manage common traps such as the liability of newness. We   conclude by discussing the applicability of the research model to other   user-led initiatives. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jsis.2012.07.004
1898,Article,The dual network structure of organizational problem solving: A case   study on open source software development,"We reconstruct the dual network structure generated by the association   between 72 contributors and 737 software bugs engaged during a full   development cycle of the free/open source software project Epiphany.   Estimates of structural parameters of Exponential Random Graph Models   for two-mode networks reveal the structural logics shaping activities of   collaborative problem solving. After controlling for   contributor-specific and software bug-specific characteristics, we find   that contributors ({''}problem solvers{''}) tend to distribute their   activity over multiple software bugs. At the same time, however, we find   that software bugs ({''}problems{''}) tend not to share multiple   contributors. This dual tendency toward de-specialization and   exclusivity is sustained by specific local network dependencies revealed   by our analysis which also suggests possible organizational mechanisms   that may be underlying the puzzling macro-structural regularities   frequently observed, but rarely explained, in the production of open   source software. By combining these mechanisms with the influence of   contributors characterized by different levels of involvement in the   project, we provide micro-level evidence of structural interdependence   between ``core{''} and ``peripheral{''} members identified exclusively   on the basis of their individual level of contribution to the project.   (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.socnet.2012.12.003
1902,InProceedings,The dual role of conflict in free and open source software development,"The voluntary and computer mediated nature of FOSS work presents unique challenges and opportunities for effective collaboration. Conflict is one such challenge, magnified by the distributed nature of work and limited communication channels. Though conflict is recognized as an important social process in FOSS development teams, few studies have adequately addressed this issue. Drawing on theoretical frameworks in organizational behavior and social psychology, her dissertation investigates how conflict arises in voluntary distributed virtual teams such as FOSS, and its impact on group function. The work first explores the emergence and experience of conflict during the life cycle of a project. Different types and sources of conflict are identified, as well as their relationship with group outcomes. Various conflict types are expected to affect group function differently: some conflict sources may present a challenge, while others may prove necessary for successful group function. The dissertation expands theory and research on distributed work, in examining on-going processes of conflict in voluntary teams. This work also informs community design, as understanding conflict antecedents in voluntary virtual teams aids in reducing unproductive conflict and facilitates conflict that spurs innovation.",10.1145/2491055.2491090
1903,Article,The evolution of OSS governance: a dimensional comparative analysis,"The competiveness of Open Source Software (OSS) communities depends on   the quantity and combination of resources and competencies attracted to   and retained at each stage of the innovation process. To this purpose,   given the lack of proprietary control over source code, the way   mechanisms of governance combine through a coherent and emergent process   of governance is important to shaping the attractiveness and   sustainability of these communities. Despite their importance, we still   know little about how governance mechanisms are combined in 055   communities. This paper contributes to filling part of that gap. The   study is based on an explorative factor analysis conducted on a database   of 40 case studies of OSS projects hosted in Freshmeat. The results show   OSS governance is configurational, and highlights four likely   configurations of governance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.scaman.2012.10.003
1905,Article,The use and role of open source software applications in public and   not-for-profit hospitals in the United States,"Background: The potential cost savings and customizability of open   source software (OSS) may be particularly attractive for hospitals.   However, numerous health-care-specific OSS applications exist, the   adoption of OSS health information technology (HIT) applications is not   widespread in the United States.   Purpose: This disconnect between the availability of promising software   and low adoption raises the basic question: If OSS HIT is so   advantageous, why are more health care organizations not using it?   Methodology: We interviewed the chief information officer, or equivalent   position, at 17 not-for-profit and public hospitals across the United   States. Through targeted recruitment, our sample included nine hospitals   using OSS HIT and eight hospitals not using OSS HIT. The open-ended   interview questions were guided by domains included in the fit-viability   theory, an organizational-level innovation adoption framework, and those   suggested by a review of the literature. Transcripts were analyzed using   an inductive and comparative approach, which involved an open coding for   relevant themes.   Findings: Interviews described the state of OSS use in hospitals.   Specifically, general OSS applications were widely used by IT   professionals. In addition, hospitals using OSS HIT still relied heavily   on vendor support. In terms of why decisions arose to use OSS HIT,   several hospitals using OSS HIT noted the cost advantages. In contrast,   hospitals avoiding OSS HIT were clear, OSS as a class did not fit with   clinical work and posed too much risk.   Practice Implications: Perceptions of OSS HIT ranged from enthusiastic   embracement to resigned adoption, to refusal, to abandonment. Some   organizations were achieving success with their OSS HIT choices, but   they still relied on vendors for significant support. The decision to   adopt OSS HIT was not uniform but contingent upon views of the risk   posed by the technology, economic factors, and the hospital's existing   capabilities.",10.1097/HMR.0b013e318276f9ed
1908,Article,The {Evolving} {Role} of {Open} {Source} {Software} in {Medicine} and {Health} {Services},"The past five decades have witnessed immense coevolution of methods and tools of information technology, and their practical and experimental application within the medical and healthcare domain. Healthcare itself continues to evolve in response to change in healthcare needs, progress in the scientific foundations of treatments, and in professional and managerial organization of affordable and effective services, in which patients and their families and carers increasingly participate.  Taken together, these trends impose highly complex underlying challenges for the design, development, and sustainability of the quality of supporting information services and software infrastructure that are needed. The challenges are multidisciplinary and multiprofessional in scope, and they require deeper study and learning to inform policy and promote public awareness of the problems health services have faced in this area for many years. The repeating pattern of failure to live up to expectations of policy-driven national health IT initiatives has proved very costly and remains frustrating and unproductive for all involved.   In this article, we highlight the barriers to progress and discuss the dangers of pursuing a standardization framework devoid of empirical testing and iterative development. We give the example of the openEHR Foundation, which was established at University College London (UCL) in London, England, with members in 80 countries. The Foundation is a not-for-profit company providing open specifications and working for generic standards for electronic records, informed directly by a wide range of implementation experience. We also introduce the Opereffa open source framework, which was developed at UCL based on these specifications and which has been downloaded in some 70 countries. We argue that such an approach is now essential to support good discipline, innovation, and governance at the heart of medicine and health services, in line with the new mandate for health commissioning in the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), which emphasizes patient participation, innovation, transparency, and accountability.",NA
1911,Article,The {Janus} {Face} of {Commercial} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}: {An} {Investigation} into the institutional ({Non})work by {Interacting} {Institutional} {Actors},"The Janus Face of Commercial Open Source Software Communities: An Investigation into the Institutional (Non)work by Interacting Institutional Actors, edited by Ann Westenholz, is reviewed.",NA
1912,Article,The {Place} of {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} in the {Social} {Apparatus} of {Accumulation},"The immateriality of both commodities and labor, which is increasingly characteristic of contemporary capitalism at its hi-tech centers, has complicated drawing a hard distinction between productive and unproductive forms of labor. Drawing an overly technical distinction between these two categories of labor potentially overlooks some important aspects of the processes of capitalist reproduction, particularly the increasingly social character of labor, and as such, a broader definition must be considered. The labor engaged in the production of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is illustrative of this need for further examination of the productive-unproductive distinction, for the fact that though FOSS, in some respects, appears tendentially anti-capitalist, in fact, it, and the immaterial labor driving it, has essentially been fully subsumed in the apparatus of capital accumulation. Adapted from the source document.",NA
1913,InProceedings,"Together but apart: how spatial, temporal and cultural distances affect FLOSS developers' project retention","Companies rely more and more on virtual teams which consist of globally dispersed members. Unfortunately, members' separation can raise considerable interpersonal challenges. In order to prevent conflicts from deescalating and ensure effective teamwork, companies pay careful attention to the management of members' spatial, temporal and cultural distances. While initiatives developing Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) similarly combine a worldwide distributed workforce, relatively little is known about how members' separation affects their collaboration. However, without such an understanding no adequate advice can be derived for managers of FLOSS initiatives on how to foster members' collaboration and retention. Building on lessons learned from the organizational domain this research hypothesizes that spatial, temporal and cultural distances are key factors for FLOSS developers' team integration and project retention. To evaluate our research hypotheses, we study FLOSS developers' contribution and conversation behavior and extract objective figures on their spatial, temporal and cultural distances to each other.",10.1145/2487294.2487330
1914,InProceedings,Towards Mining Norms in Open Source Software Repositories,"Extracting norms from computer-mediated human interactions is gaining popularity since huge volume of data is available from which norms can be extracted. Open source communities offer exciting new application opportunities for extracting norms since such communities involve developers from different geographical regions, background and cultures. Investigating the types of norms that exist in open source projects and their efficacy i.e. the usage of norms in enabling smoother functioning however has not received much attention from the normative multi-agent systems NorMAS community. This paper makes two contributions in this regard. First, it presents norm compliance results from a case study involving three open source Java projects. Second, it presents an architecture for mining norms from open source projects. It also discusses the opportunities presented by the domain of software repositories for the study of norms. In particular, it points towards how norms can be mined by leveraging and extending prior work in the areas of Normative Multi-Agent Systems NorMAS and mining software repositories.",10.1007/978-3-642-55192-5_3
1915,Article,Towards a better understanding of software evolution: an empirical study   on open-source software,"Software evolution is a fact of life. Over the past 30years, researchers   have proposed hypotheses on how software changes and provided evidence   that both supports and refutes these hypotheses. To paint a clearer   image of the software evolution process, we performed an empirical study   on long spans in the lifetime of nine open-source projects. Our analysis   covers 705 official releases and a combined 108years of evolution. We   first tried to confirm Lehman's eight laws of software evolution on   these projects using statistical hypothesis testing. Our findings   indicate that only the laws of continuing change and continuing growth   are confirmed for all programs, whereas the other six laws are violated   by some programs, or can be both confirmed and invalidated, depending on   the laws' operational definitions. Second, we analyze the growth rate   for projects' development and maintenance branches, and the distribution   of software changes. We find similarities in the evolution patterns of   the programs we studied, which brings us closer to constructing rigorous   models for software evolution. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \\& Sons,   Ltd.",10.1002/smr.564
1916,Article,"Trends in Free, Libre, Open Source Software Communities: From Volunteers   to Companies","The first free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) development   communities were composed almost exclusively of volunteers. They were   individuals who, despite their affiliation, contributed to the project   on their own. They decided which project to join, and their   contributions were personal in nature, even when in some cases they were   employees of companies with some interests in the project. GNU, the   first of such communities, and some others that emerged during the late   1980s and 1990s, followed this pattern. During the 1990s corporate   interests started to have a role in some FLOSS communities. Companies   hired people from those communities to gain influence, or tasked their   employees to contribute to them, again with the idea of influencing   their decisions. During the 2000s, corporate communities, in which   companies are first-class citizens, have emerged, changing the rules and   redefining the role of volunteers and non-affiliated individuals.   However, the role of developers, with independence of the company for   which they work, is still important even in these communities. This   paper addresses this transition from volunteer-based to company-based   development communities, and explores the structure and behavior of the   latter.",10.1515/itit.2013.1012
1917,Article,Tri-track: Free Software for Large-Scale Particle Tracking,"The ability to correctly track objects in time-lapse sequences is   important in many applications of microscopy. Individual object motions   typically display a level of dynamic regularity reflecting the existence   of an underlying physics or biology. Best results are obtained when this   local information is exploited. Additionally, if the particle number is   known to be approximately constant, a large number of tracking scenarios   may be rejected on the basis that they are not compatible with a known   maximum particle velocity. This represents information of a global   nature, which should ideally be exploited too. Some time ago, we devised   an efficient algorithm that exploited both types of information. The   tracking task was reduced to a max-flow min-cost problem instance   through a novel graph structure that comprised vertices representing   objects from three consecutive image frames. The algorithm is explained   here for the first time. A user-friendly implementation is provided, and   the specific relaxation mechanism responsible for the method's   effectiveness is uncovered. The software is particularly competitive for   complex dynamics such as dense antiparallel flows, or in situations   where object displacements are considerable. As an application, we   characterize a remarkable vortex structure formed by bacteria engaged in   interstitial motility.",10.1017/S1431927612014328
1918,Article,UMMPerfusion: an Open Source Software Tool Towards Quantitative MRI   Perfusion Analysis in Clinical Routine,"To develop a generic Open Source MRI perfusion analysis tool for   quantitative parameter mapping to be used in a clinical workflow and   methods for quality management of perfusion data. We implemented a   classic, pixel-by-pixel deconvolution approach to quantify T1-weighted   contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging (DCE-MRI) perfusion data as an   OsiriX plug-in. It features parallel computing capabilities and an   automated reporting scheme for quality management. Furthermore, by our   implementation design, it could be easily extendable to other perfusion   algorithms. Obtained results are saved as DICOM objects and directly   added to the patient study. The plug-in was evaluated on ten MR   perfusion data sets of the prostate and a calibration data set by   comparing obtained parametric maps (plasma flow, volume of distribution,   and mean transit time) to a widely used reference implementation in IDL.   For all data, parametric maps could be calculated and the plug-in worked   correctly and stable. On average, a deviation of 0.032 +/- 0.02 ml/100   ml/min for the plasma flow, 0.004 +/- 0.0007 ml/100 ml for the volume of   distribution, and 0.037 +/- 0.03 s for the mean transit time between our   implementation and a reference implementation was observed. By using   computer hardware with eight CPU cores, calculation time could be   reduced by a factor of 2.5. We developed successfully an Open Source   OsiriX plugin for T1-DCE-MRI perfusion analysis in a routine quality   managed clinical environment. Using model-free deconvolution, it allows   for perfusion analysis in various clinical applications. By our plug-in,   information about measured physiological processes can be obtained and   transferred into clinical practice.",10.1007/s10278-012-9510-6
1920,Article,Understanding How Companies Interact with Free Software Communities,"Free, open source software development communities can become large and complex. They can also be a focus of interest for competing companies relying on their outcomes, with employees joining the development and maintenance effort. In those cases, it's especially important for both companies and communities to understand how this collaboration is working and how it matches their policies and expectations. This articles looks at two cases (OpenStack and WebKit) that the authors studied using analytics techniques. They conclude that such analytics can improve factual knowledge about how development communities are performing in aspects that are of interest to companies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",10.1109/MS.2013.95
1922,InProceedings,Usability Specialists as Boundary Spanners - An Appraisal of Usability   Specialists' Work in Multiparty Distributed Open Source Software   Development Effort,"This study examines the work of usability specialists in a multiparty   research project producing an open source learning application for   children, with children. Children as a user group has been acknowledged   decades ago and methods for involving them have been devised, but there   is a lack of research examining what happens to children's input in   practice, when integrated with actual development. The paper contrasts   the empirical findings with the existing research on the usability   specialists' roles and with the knowledge management literature on   boundary spanning, which argues that for successful knowledge sharing   and arriving at shared understandings there needs to emerge boundary   spanners and boundary objects and a new joint field of practice within   which the experts involved can collaborate. This paper argues for the   boundary spanner position to be acquired by usability specialists.   Instances of successful boundary spanning are described and conditions   for successful boundary spanning are discussed.",NA
1923,InProceedings,Usage and Limitations of Free and Open-Source Software in Costa Rican   Local Governments,"This paper presents results about the use and barriers that face free   and open source software in the local governments in Costa Rica. Through   an electronic survey, information was gathered from such governments,   allowing to make a diagnostic of the situation.",NA
1924,Article,Using open source software for digital libraries A case study of CUSAT,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and   development of a digital library at Cochin University of Science and   Technology (CUSAT), India, using DSpace open source software. The study   covers the structure, contents and usage of CUSAT digital library.   Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines the possibilities of   applying open source in libraries. An evaluative approach is carried out   to explore the features of the CUSAT digital library. The Google   Analytics service is employed to measure the amount of use of digital   library by users across the world.   Findings - CUSAT has successfully applied DSpace open source software   for building a digital library. The digital library has had visits from   78 countries, with the major share from India. The distribution of   documents in the digital library is uneven. Past exam question papers   share the major part of the collection. The number of research papers,   articles and rare documents is less.   Originality/value - The study is the first of its type that tries to   understand digital library design and development using DSpace open   source software in a university environment with a focus on the analysis   of distribution of items and measuring the value by usage statistics   employing the Google Analytics service. The digital library model can be   useful for designing similar systems.",10.1108/02640471311312393
1926,InProceedings,Visualization Techniques for Neurosurgical Training in Open Source   Software.,"Image-Guided Neurosurgery (IGNS) systems use a set of techniques that   help students and specialists in learning and planning of surgeries. The   use of existing software for image-guided neurosurgery for applications   in the area of education is limited because of its high cost. For this   reason and due to the emergence of new tools based on open source   software, reliable algorithms have been developed; these algorithms are   able to provide a satisfactory user experience in the use of surgical   simulators when compared with to commercial systems. This paper presents   the development of two visualization methods useful in neurosurgical   training and planning. The first allows the manipulation of volumes   through cuts based on regular geometry, while the second allows the   visualization of structures through cuts oblique planes. These were   developed in 3D Slicer and applied to magnetic resonance imaging for   evaluating performance, according to the very needs of the real   neurosurgical domain.",NA
1927,InProceedings,What Effect does Distributed Version Control have on OSS Project   Organization?,"Many Open Source Software (OSS) projects are moving form Centralized   Version Control (CVC) to Distributed Version Control (DVC). The effect   of this shift on project organization and developer collaboration is not   well understood. In this paper, we use a theoretical argument to   evaluate the appropriateness of using DVC in the context of two very   common organization forms in OSS: a dictatorship and a peer group. We   find that DVC facilitates large hierarchical communities as well as   smaller groups of developers, while CVC allows for consensus-building by   a peer group. We also find that the flexibility of DVC systems allows   for diverse styles of developer collaboration. With CVC, changes flow up   and down (and publicly) via a central repository. In contrast, DVC   facilitates collaboration in which work output can flow sideways (and   privately) between collaborators, with no repository being inherently   more important or central. These sideways flows are a relatively new   concept. Developers on the Linux project, who tend to be experienced DVC   users, cluster around ``sandboxes:{''} repositories where developers can   work together on a particular topic, isolating their changes from other   developers. In this work, we focus on two large, mature OSS projects to   illustrate these findings. However, we suggest that social media sites   like GitHub may engender other original styles of collaboration that   deserve further study.",NA
1929,InProceedings,Who Does What during a Code Review? Datasets of OSS Peer Review   Repositories,"We present four datasets that are focused on the general roles of OSS   peer review members. With data mined from both an integrated peer review   system and code source repositories, our rich datasets comprise of peer   review data that was automatically recorded. Using the Android project   as a case study, we describe our extraction methodology, the datasets   and their application used for three separate studies. Our datasets are   available online at http://sdlab.naist.jp/reviewmining/",NA
1931,Article,goGPS: open source software for enhancing the accuracy of low-cost   receivers by single-frequency relative kinematic positioning,"goGPS is a free and open source satellite positioning software package   aiming to provide a collaborative platform for research and teaching   purposes. It was first published in 2009 and since then several related   projects are on-going. Its objective is the investigation of strategies   for enhancing the accuracy of low-cost single-frequency GPS receivers,   mainly by relative positioning with respect to a base station and by a   tailored extended Kalman filter working directly on code and phase   observations. In this paper, the positioning algorithms implemented in   goGPS are presented, emphasizing the modularity of the software design;   two specific strategies to support the navigation with low-cost   receivers are also proposed and discussed, namely an empirical   observation weighting function calibrated on the receiver   signal-to-noise ratio and the inclusion of height information from a   digital terrain model as an additional observation in the Kalman filter.   The former is crucial when working with high-sensitivity receivers,   while the latter can significantly improve the positioning in the   vertical direction. The overall goGPS positioning accuracy is assessed   by comparison with a dual-frequency receiver and with the positioning   computed by a standard low-cost receiver. The benefits of the calibrated   weighting function and the digital terrain model are investigated by an   experiment in a dense urban environment. It comes out that the use of   goGPS and low-cost receivers leads to results comparable with those   obtained by higher level receivers; goGPS has good performances also in   a dense urban environment, where its additional features play an   important role.",10.1088/0957-0233/24/11/115010
1932,Article,o VALUATION OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: HOW DO YOU PUT A VALUE ON FREE?,"The aim of this study is to assess the financial reporting framework   applied to open source software. Open sourcing software developments   means sharing technology and resources with communities worldwide to   help eliminate the digital divide, create economic opportunity, and   support equal access to technology. Therefore, a methodological approach   is needed to assess properly the performance and the value generation   potential and to put such measure into organizational reports.   International financial reporting framework is checked over conditions   to allow value recognition of open sourced assets. Linux kernel   development value is estimated to reflect worth of open source   developments despite absence of book value due to inexistence of a   single cost source. Several attempts to estimate a valuation of open   source software have been performed previously. However, this study is   the first to judge suitability of accounting framework to report on this   value. The main finding is that open sourced assets do not fully   accomplish conditions to be included in financial reports. We seek to   stimulate academic and professional debate about the pursuit of   valuation of a large and efficient ecosystem of software innovation,   freely available to society.",NA
1938,InProceedings,A Framework of Code Reuse in Open Source Software,"Recently, adopting open source software into software development has   become a growing trend in the IT software industry. Unlike the general   commercial software, open source software leverages the capability of   the communities to improve the quality, but also reduce the cost of   software development. This paper aims at analyzing the influence factors   of applying open source software in software reuse. We begin by   proposing our framework for enhancing the open source software usage and   then set out to determine the influence factors of software reuse. A   reuse system based on our proposed framework is implemented. For the   assessment, a questionnaire survey and analysis of 20 software projects   are carried out to evaluate our approach. There are 50 experienced   corresponding project managers and developers participating in our   experiments. The assessment shows that reuse factors of projects   managers and developers influence the OSS reuse.",NA
1939,InProceedings,A Knowledge Management Approach for Testing Open Source Software Systems,"The development of open source software (OSS), and their deployment by   general public as well as by different types of organizations, has   increased manifold over the past decade or so. In spite of the ubiquity   of OSS, the quality of many OSS remains questionable. Testing provides a   curative approach for OSS quality assurance, and a comprehensive   approach to testing is a knowledge-intensive endeavor. The management of   knowledge in the OSS test process forms a perpetual cycle of creation,   dissemination, and acquisition of test knowledge.",NA
1940,InProceedings,A Methodology for Managing FOSS Migration Projects,"Since 2005, the Free Software Center (CESOL) at the University of   Information Science (UCI) in Havana, Cuba, has conducted several free   and open source software (FOSS) migration projects for various   organizations. The experience gained from these projects enabled the   creation of a FOSS Migration Methodology which documented how the   technical elements of a project of this kind should be executed. Despite   the usefulness of this methodology, the projects that have been   undertaken experienced difficulties that were, in most cases, directly   related to their management. This research aims to improve the   methodology and minimize management-related challenges thereby improving   the quality of migration projects. The proposed methodology was applied   in a project that ran in a higher education organization and the results   prove that the methodology enhanced the quality of the migration   project.",NA
1941,InProceedings,A Performance Analysis of Wireless Mesh Networks Implementations Based   on Open Source Software,"Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology,   capable of provide broadband connectivity at low cost. Implementations   based on Open Source Software of these networks offer advantages for   providing broadband networking communications in scenarios where cabling   is too expensive or prohibitive such as rural environments. In this   paper we evaluate the performance of small scale wireless mesh WMN   routing protocols for WMNs: B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced and the 802.11s   standard. We also compare an OpenFlow controller implemented over the   WMN, verifying their bandwidth, datagram loss and jitter.",NA
1942,InProceedings,A Proposed New Model for Maintainability Index of Open Source Software,"Software metrics play a key role in measuring attributes that are   important for the success of a software project. Measurements of these   metrics tell us various key aspects of system. This in turn supports   knowledgeable decision making by which we can enhance the quality of   system. Maintenance is a process of revisions or corrections made to   software systems after their first release. The key feature of software   development is change. Hence it is important to develop software that is   easy to modify and is thus maintainable.   This paper evaluates the existing Oman and Hagemeister maintainability   index model which calculates maintainability index (MI) based on   Cyclomatic Complexity, Lines of code and Halsted volume. For this   purpose, software metric datasets of Lucene, which is open source   software of 163085 lines of code are used, and it is shown that the   existing Oman and Hagemeister maintainability index mode model is not a   good a predictor of maintainability. A new maintainability index model   is proposed with a new set of predictor metrics. The new proposed model   is a marked improvement over the existing Oman and Hagemeister   maintainability index model. The coefficient of determination (R-2) of   the new proposed maintainability model is 0.984 and correlation   coefficient(R) is 0.992 as compared to the Oman and Hagemeister model   whose correlation coefficient (R) is 0.320",NA
1943,Article,A Situated Approach of Roles and Participation in Open Source Software   Communities,"Our research aims at understanding the various forms of participation in   Open Source Software (OSS) design, seen as distributed design in online   spaces of actions-discussion, implementation, and boundary between these   spaces. We propose a methodology-based on situated analyses of a formal   design process used in the Python project-to identify the distribution   of actual roles (implementation, interactive, group, and design   oriented) performed by participants into and between the spaces   (defining boundary spaces). This notion of roles is grounded in   collaborative design activities performed online by participants. This   way, our findings complete the core-periphery model of participation in   OSS. Concerning the distribution of roles between spaces, we reveal a   map of participation in OSS: The majority of participants are pure   discussants, but all participants in the implementation spaces do also   act in the discussion space, and few participants act at boundary   spaces. Concerning the distribution of roles between participants in the   discussion space, we reveal that interactions are structured by a   central hub (occupied by key participants) and that, whereas   design-oriented roles are spread among all participants, group-oriented   roles are performed by one or two participants in the respective spaces   and at their boundary. Finally, combination of roles reveals five   individual profiles performed by participants. Our approach could be   extended to other design situations to explore relationships between   forms of participation-in particular, those revealing use-oriented   contributions-performance, and quality of the design product. Finally,   it could be a basis for specifying tools to monitor and manage community   activity for both research issues and support of online community.",10.1080/07370024.2013.812409
1944,InProceedings,A Study of the Effect on Business Growth by Utilization and Contribution   of Open Source Software in Japanese IT Companies,"To analyze how OSS effects business growth both through simple use and   by deeper engagement as a stakeholder in OSS community, we did   questionnaire research to Japanese IT companies in 2012 and 2013. We   analyze the progress of utilization and contribution of OSS, and the   impact on business growth indicators by them.",NA
1945,InProceedings,A Successful OSS Adaptation and Integration in an e-Learning Platform:   TEC Digital,"E-learning projects in many universities are focused on adapting or   installing a software platform to upload teaching materials and   sometimes to open discussion forums. However, it is totally possible to   extend the learning management system (LMS) as a complete service   platform for students and instructors including more advanced services.   This paper shows the progressive integration of services and   applications in TEC Digital as the open source e-learning platform of   the Costa Rica Institute of Technology. This integration experience   could be used as a case of study for other universities.",NA
1947,Article,A System for the Discovery and Selection of FLOSS Projects,"Developing software systems by reusing components is a common practice.   FLOSS (Free, Libre and Open Source Software) components represent a   significant part of the reusable components available. The selection of   suitable FLOSS components raises important issues both for software   companies and research institutions. RepoFinder supports a keywordbased   discovery process for FLOSS components, and applies well-known software   metrics and analyses to compare the structural aspects of different   components.",NA
1948,InProceedings,A study on maturity model of open source software community to estimate   the quality of products,"Open Source Software (OSS) is a new paradigm to develop software by   community, in which groups of developer collaborating each other. The   method becomes very popular because the products of OSS projects, such   as source code, documents, results of tests, are published by   open-license. One of noticeable features of OSS is openness of project.   Anyone can access the products of OSS projects. It is expected that the   quality of products could be higher than those developed by conventional   methods, as more people access OSS products and the chance to find   defect could be larger. However, there are no established methods for   the evaluation of OSS, neither actual terms of the evaluation of OSS. We   propose an evaluation method, which is based on the maturity model of   OSS development community. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier   B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.264
1950,Article,ABCD open source software for managing ETD repositories,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to give technical information   about the application of ABCD open source software for managing   institutional repository of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs)   at various levels with illustrations.   Design/methodology/approach - Practical method and programming in the   ABCD software for building ETD repository and its management   Findings - ABCD software is an excellent tool for creating institutional   repository (IR) and manages it at various levels and to create ETD   portal.   Practical implications - The paper describes using ABCD software how one   can create database of ETDs, how to submit ETDs in full text or   abstract, how to search, how to implement it in open archive environment   and simplicity of making union catalogue of ETD repositories on one   platform of ABCD portal.   Social implications - The process of ETD management and IR building   using ABCD open source software will be useful to all the new   institutions, colleges, universities, national libraries, international   organizations who want to initiate the process of building ETD   repository.   Originality/value - The development team of ABCD software is still in   process of releasing 2.0 versions and to develop tool for IR and ETD   management. In this paper attempt has been made to describe with   illustrations that how the software is making progress towards ETD   management or building IR. One of the author is main project leader of   ABCD open source software.",10.1108/LM-08-2013-0072
1951,Article,APEX (Aqueous Photochemistry of Environmentally occurring Xenobiotics):   a free software tool to predict the kinetics of photochemical processes   in surface waters,"The APEX software predicts the photochemical transformation kinetics of   xenobiotics in surface waters as a function of: photoreactivity   parameters (direct photolysis quantum yield and second-order reaction   rate constants with transient species, namely (OH)-O-center dot,   CO3-center dot, O-1(2) and the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved   organic matter, (CDOM)-C-3{*}), water chemistry (nitrate, nitrite,   bicarbonate, carbonate, bromide and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), and   water depth (more specifically, the optical path length of sunlight in   water). It applies to well-mixed surface water layers, including the   epilimnion of stratified lakes, and the output data are average values   over the considered water column. Based on intermediate formation yields   from the parent compound via the different photochemical pathways, the   software can also predict intermediate formation kinetics and overall   yield. APEX is based on a photochemical model that has been validated   against available field data of pollutant phototransformation, with good   agreement between model predictions and field results. The APEX software   makes allowance for different levels of knowledge of a photochemical   system. For instance, the absorption spectrum of surface water can be   used if known, or otherwise it can be modelled from the values of DOC.   Also the direct photolysis quantum yield can be entered as a detailed   wavelength trend, as a single value (constant or average), or it can be   defined as a variable if unknown. APEX is based on the free software   Octave. Additional applications are provided within APEX to assess the   sigma-level uncertainty of the results and the seasonal trend of   photochemical processes.",10.1039/c3em00541k
1952,InProceedings,AUTOMATIC IMAGE REGISTRATION USING FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Image registration is the most critical operation in remote sensing   applications to enable location based referencing and analysis of earth   features. This is the first step for any process involving   identification, time series analysis or change detection using a large   set of imagery over a region. Most of the reliable procedures involve   time consuming and laborious manual methods of finding the corresponding   matching features of the input image with respect to reference. Also the   process, as it involves human interaction, does not converge with   multiple operations at different times. Automated procedures rely on   accurately determining the matching locations or points from both the   images under comparison and the procedures are robust and consistent   over time. Different algorithms are available to achieve this, based on   pattern recognition, feature based detection, similarity techniques etc.   In the present study and implementation, Correlation based methods have   been used with a improvement over newly developed technique of   identifying and pruning the false points of match. Free and Open Source   Software (FOSS) have been used to develop the methodology to reach a   wider audience, without any dependency on COTS (Commercially off the   shelf) software. Standard deviation from foci of the ellipse of   correlated points, is a statistical means of ensuring the best match of   the points of interest based on both intensity values and location   correspondence. The methodology is developed and standardised by   enhancements to meet the registration requirements of remote sensing   imagery. Results have shown a performance improvement, nearly matching   the visual techniques and have been implemented in remote sensing   operational projects. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is   its viability in production mode environment. This paper also shows that   the visualization capabilities of MapWinGIS, GDAL's image handling   abilities and OSSIM's correlation facility can be efficiently integrated   to effectively use in remote sensing based production environment.",10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-1121-2014
1953,Article,Acceptance of monetary rewards in open source software development,"The open source software (OSS) movement thrives on innovation and   volunteer effort of developers. Scholars have expressed widespread   concern about the sustainability of the OSS movement due to high levels   of volunteerism. In this paper, we address a central challenge to the   sustainability of OSS-developers' acceptance of monetary rewards. We   strive to explain why some OSS developers accept monetary rewards and   others do not. Viewed through the theoretical lens of the   private-collective innovation model (Von Hippel and Von Krogh, 2003,   2006), this allows us to describe when developers will accept private   financial rewards. Our main research objective is to clearly map the web   of relationships between causal antecedents, and developers' acceptance   behavior. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and behavioral   measures, we find that - (a) intention to accept monetary rewards   mediates the impact of motivational elements on developers' acceptance   of monetary rewards; (b) intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively   affect their intention to accept monetary rewards, community motivation   negatively impacts intention and ideological motivation does not affect   the intention to accept rewards and (c) these effects are obtained even   after inclusion of several control variables. The theoretical and   managerial implications of our work are described. (C) 2013 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.respol.2013.10.007
1956,InProceedings,Accessibility in Development of Free Software Projects,"In recent years the use of free software has been considered in private   enterprise, government agencies and end users. It is also remarkable the   increase of projects and free software communities in Brazil. However,   there are concerns about accessibility, because despite the growth in   utilization and number of free software projects, accessibility is not   always regarded in the software development process. In this article, we   present the results of a study on accessibility in free software   development that sought to identify how free software projects in Brazil   are dealing with accessibility. Furthermore, we proposed changes in a   specific process for the development of free software in order to insert   accessibility elements.",NA
1957,InProceedings,Adoption of Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS): A Risk Management   Perspective,"Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) has become a strategic asset in   software development, and open source communities behind FLOSS are a key   player in the field. The analysis of open source community dynamics is a   key capability in risk management practices focused on the integration   of FLOSS in all types of organizations. We are conducting research in   developing methodologies for managing risks of FLOSS adoption and   deployment in various application domains. This paper is about the   ability to systematically capture, filter, analyze, reason about, and   build theories upon, the behavior of an open source community in   combination with the structured elicitation of expert opinions on   potential organizational business risk. The novel methodology presented   here blends together qualitative and quantitative information as part of   a wider analytics platform. The approach combines big data analytics   with automatic scripting of scenarios that permits experts to assess   risk indicators and business risks in focused tactical and strategic   workshops. These workshops generate data that is used to construct   Bayesian networks that map data from community risk drivers into   statistical distributions that are feeding the platform risk management   dashboard. A special feature of this model is that the dynamics of an   open source community are tracked using social network metrics that   capture the structure of unstructured chat data. The method is   illustrated with a running example based on experience gained in   implementing our approach in an academic smart environment setting   including Moodbile, a Mobile Learning for Moodle (www.moodbile.org).   This example is the first in a series of planned experiences in the   domain of smart environments with the ultimate goal of deriving a   complete risk model in that field.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2014.25
1959,InProceedings,Adventures in hackademia: leveraging humanitarian free/open source software development in the class room (abstract only),"This poster will briefly describe the components of the Humanitarian Free/Open Source Software Development (HFOSS) course offered by the Department of Interactive Games and Media at Rochester Institute of Technology in Upstate NY. It will depict this model of an ""Open"" Course (i.e. Open Courseware, Open Curriculum, Open Classroom, and Open Code) informed both by academic theory, and industry best practice. It will show the results of designers, developers, and project leaders, working in tandem with professors, staffers, and administrators to offer students a chance to apply research, and put theory into practice. It will discuss strategies of engagement, metrics of success and failure, and what resources are available for others to do the same.",10.1145/2538862.2544315
1961,InProceedings,An Exploration of Code Quality in FOSS Projects,"It is a widely held belief that Free/Open Source Software (FOSS)   development leads to the creation of software with the same, if not   higher quality compared to that created using proprietary software   development models. However there is little research on evaluating the   quality of FOSS code, and the impact of project characteristics such as   age, number of core developers, code-base size, etc. In this exploratory   study, we examined 110 FOSS projects, measuring the quality of the code   and architectural design using code smells. We found that, contrary to   our expectations, the overall quality of the code is not affected by the   size of the code base, but that it was negatively impacted by the growth   of the number of code contributors. Our results also show that projects   with more core developers don't necessarily have better code quality.",NA
1962,InProceedings,An Open Source Software Directory for Aeronautics and Space,"In aerospace engineering, as well as in many other disciplines, many software tools are developed. Often, it is hard to get an overview of already existing software. Sometimes this leads to multiple development of software, if nobody is able to determine whether a software for a specific tasks exist already or not. Therefore, in companies and organizations there is a need for a directory of exiting software. The German Aerospace Center has built such a directory based on the Open Source software Allura, which is the base software that drives the Open Source hosting platform SourceForge.net. Allura has been customized to the needs of the aerospace domain. The result is a software portal for the aerospace research community, that allow to register and categorize software. It is intendend to be used both for Open Source and proprietary software. Employees of the German Aerospace Center as well as the public can search for existing software. This reduces the amount of software developed twice and allows to get in touch with colleagues who developed similar software.",10.1145/2641580.2641630
1963,InProceedings,"An Open Source Software and Web-GIS Based Platform for Airborne SAR   Remote Sensing Data Management, Distribution and Sharing","With more and more Earth observation data available to the community,   how to manage and sharing these valuable remote sensing datasets is   becoming an urgent issue to be solved. The web based Geographical   Information Systems (GIS) technology provides a convenient way for the   users in different locations to share and make use of the same dataset.   In order to efficiently use the airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)   remote sensing data acquired in the Airborne Remote Sensing Center of   the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese   Academy of Sciences (CAS), a Web-GIS based platform for airborne SAR   data management, distribution and sharing was designed and developed.   The major features of the system include map based navigation search   interface, full resolution imagery shown overlaid the map, and all the   software adopted in the platform are Open Source Software (OSS). The   functions of the platform include browsing the imagery on the map   navigation based interface, ordering and downloading data online, image   dataset and user management, etc. At present, the system is under   testing in RADI and will come to regular operation soon.",10.1088/1755-1315/17/1/012255
1964,Article,An Overview of Open-Source Software Licenses and the Value of   Open-Source Software to Public Health Initiatives,"The use of open-source software (OSS) has dramatically increased in the   past several years, particularly in the public health domain. The Johns   Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's (APL) work on developing   and licensing OSS identified a need within the public health community   to better understand the definition and connotations of the words open   source and the various open-source licenses. The use of OSS in the   public health domain can dramatically improve the implementation of   mobile and electronic health initiatives in resource-limited settings   because OSS provides an affordable alternative to costly proprietary   software.",NA
1965,Article,An empirical study of FOSS developers patterns of contribution:   Challenges for data linkage and analysis,"The majority of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) developers are   mobile and often use different identities in the projects or communities   they participate in. These characteristics pose challenges for   researchers studying the presence and contributions of developers across   multiple repositories. In this paper, we present a methodology, employ   various statistical measures, and leverage Bayesian networks to study   the patterns of contribution of 502 developers in both Version Control   System (VCS) and mailing list repositories in 20 GNOME projects. Our   findings shows that only a small percentage of developers are   contributing to both repositories and this cohort is making more commits   than they are posting messages to mailing lists. The implications of   these findings for understanding the patterns of contribution in FOSS   projects and on the quality of the final product are discussed. (C) 2013   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.scico.2013.11.033
1966,InProceedings,An exploratory study of contribution barriers experienced by newcomers to open source software projects,"Contributing to a Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) project is not a trivial task even for experienced developers: Beyond the effort required for understanding and editing a project's source code for one's own purposes, submitting the changes back to the community requires additional motivation, time, and social and technical effort. Although several surveys have examined the dynamics driving FLOSS contributors, most focus either on the motivations of core developers or indicators of potential long-term commitment, i.e. the small but quite involved and visible minority at the core of a project. Our survey in contrast examines the experiences of the much larger, but nearly invisible group of developers who are just making and submitting their first patch, and identifies barriers that hinder or even prevent them from making a valuable contribution.",10.1145/2593728.2593732
1967,Article,An open source software approach to geospatial sensor network   standardization for urban runoff,"In this paper, we implement a geospatial sensor network for monitoring a   green technology stormwater runoff site. The sensor network uses   OpenWRT, an embedded Linux operating system, and other open source   software, to create a modified router for reading Maxim's 1-Wire (TM)   protocol, queuing and transferring standardized sensor data while   enabling location and time. The modified router created the bridge   between the sensor protocols and the middle-level software to provide   reliable data to both the sewer district and the Environmental   Protection Agency. Representational State Transfer (REST) is used in the   design philosophy of the client and server open source software for   transferring the data from the embedded systems to the server level for   storage and publication. The use of open source software not only   creates a more affordable network but lowers the entry barrier to sensor   networking and enables developers for continued innovation and   standardization. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.05.003
1968,Article,An open source software for fast grid-based data-mining in spatial   epidemiology (FGBASE),"Background: Examining whether disease cases are clustered in space is an   important part of epidemiological research. Another important part of   spatial epidemiology is testing whether patients suffering from a   disease are more, or less, exposed to environmental factors of interest   than adequately defined controls. Both approaches involve determining   the number of cases and controls (or population at risk) in specific   zones. For cluster searches, this often must be done for millions of   different zones. Doing this by calculating distances can lead to very   lengthy computations. In this work we discuss the computational   advantages of geographical grid-based methods, and introduce an open   source software (FGBASE) which we have created for this purpose.   Methods: Geographical grids based on the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area   projection are well suited for spatial epidemiology because they   preserve area: each cell of the grid has the same area. We describe how   data is projected onto such a grid, as well as grid-based algorithms for   spatial epidemiological data-mining. The software program (FGBASE), that   we have developed, implements these grid-based methods.   Results: The grid based algorithms perform extremely fast. This is   particularly the case for cluster searches. When applied to a cohort of   French Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients, as an example, the grid based   algorithms detected potential clusters in a few seconds on a modern   laptop. This compares very favorably to an equivalent cluster search   using distance calculations instead of a grid, which took over 4 hours   on the same computer. In the case study we discovered 4 potential   clusters of T1D cases near the cities of Le Havre, Dunkerque, Toulouse   and Nantes. One example of environmental analysis with our software was   to study whether a significant association could be found between   distance to vineyards with heavy pesticide. None was found. In both   examples, the software facilitates the rapid testing of hypotheses.   Conclusions: Grid-based algorithms for mining spatial epidemiological   data provide advantages in terms of computational complexity thus   improving the speed of computations. We believe that these methods and   this software tool (FGBASE) will lower the computational barriers to   entry for those performing epidemiological research.",10.1186/1476-072X-13-46
1969,InProceedings,An overview of free software tools for general data mining,"This expert paper describes the characteristics of six most used free   software tools for general data mining that are available today:   RapidMiner, R, Weka, KNIME, Orange, and scikit-learn. The goal is to   provide the interested researcher with all the important pros and cons   regarding the use of a particular tool. A comparison of the implemented   algorithms covering all areas of data mining (classification,   regression, clustering, associative rules, feature selection, evaluation   criteria, visualization, etc.) is provided. In addition, the tools'   support for the more advanced and specialized research topics (big data,   data streams, text mining, etc.) is outlined, where applicable. The   tools are also compared with respect to the community support, based on   the available sources. This multidimensional overview in the form of   expert paper on data mining tools emphasizes the quality of RapidMiner,   R, Weka, and KNIME platforms, but also acknowledges the significant   advancements made in the other tools.",NA
1970,InProceedings,Analysis of FLOSS Communities as Learning Contexts,"It can be argued that participating in Free/Libre Open Source Software   (FLOSS) projects can have a positive effect in the contributor's   learning process. The need to collaborate with other contributors and to   contribute to a project can motivate and implicitly foster learning. In   order to validate such statements, it is necessary to (1) study the   interactions between FLOSS projects' participants, and (2) explore the   didactical value of participating in FLOSS projects, designing an   appropriate questionnaire asking FLOSS contributors about their   experience in FLOSS projects. In this paper, we illustrate how this   questionnaire was designed and disseminated. We conclude the paper with   results from 27 FLOSS projects contributors, determining that, not only   they contribute and collaborate to the project and its community, but   also that FLOSS contributors see that this type of activity can be   regarded as a complement to formal education.",10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4\\_29
1971,Article,Balancing on a tightrope: Managing the boundaries of a firm-sponsored   OSS community and its impact on innovation and absorptive capacity,"Realizing the innovation potential of OSS communities, firms now create   or sponsor their own open source software (OSS) communities, generally   as part of an open innovation strategy. However, maximizing the   innovation capability of a sponsored OSS community is a challenging task   since firms cannot rely on traditional hierarchical authority to control   community members. Furthermore, a firm's efforts to manage its sponsored   community may also impact the firm's absorptive capacity, or its ability   to effectively absorb and leverage the valuable knowledge created by the   community. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate two   research questions: 1) How does the boundary management of a   firm-sponsored OSS community impact the community's innovation capacity?   and 2) How does the boundary management of a firm-sponsored OSS   community impact the firm's absorptive capacity? Using the results from   our qualitative analysis of eZ Systems and its successfully sponsored   OSS community - eZ Publish we develop a theoretical model depicting how   the boundary management of a firm-sponsored OSS community influences   both the community's innovation capacity and the absorptive capacity of   the firm. In addition, the results of our study highlight the central   importance of an integrative IT platform in boundary management   activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2014.01.001
1973,InProceedings,Bender: An Open Source Software for Efficient Model Posing and Morphing,"In this paper, we present Bender, an interactive and freely available   software application for changing the pose of anatomical models that are   represented as labeled, voxel-based volumes.   Voxelized anatomical models are used in numerous applications including   the computation of specific absorption rates associated with cell phone   transmission energies, radiation therapy, and electromagnetic dosimetry   simulation. Other applications range from the study of ergonomics to the   design of clothing. Typically, the anatomical pose of a voxelized model   is limited by the imaging device used to acquire the source anatomical   data; however, absorption of emitted energies and the fit of clothes   will change based on anatomic pose.   Bender provides an intuitive, workflow-based user-interface to an   extensible framework for changing the pose of anatomic models. Bender is   implemented as a customized version of 3D Slicer, an image analysis and   visualization framework that is widely used in the medical computing   research community. The currently available repositioning methods in   Bender are based on computer-graphics techniques for rigging, skinning,   and resampling voxelized anatomical models. In this paper we present the   software and compare two resampling methods: a novel extension to dual   quaternions and finite element modeling (FEM) techniques. We show that   FEM can be used to quickly and effectively resample repositioned   anatomic models.",NA
1974,Article,Beyond free software: An exploration of the business value of strategic   open source,"The phenomenon of open source software (OSS) has been well studied from   the software development perspective, but it has received much less   attention from the perspective of business value. Nevertheless, OSS,   when viewed as a value creation process rather than `free' software,   provides businesses with value through access to knowledge and   innovation capacity resident in online communities. This   conceptualisation, which we label `strategic open source' requires firms   to rethink their strategy and processes as there is a shift in focus   from ownership to openness and collaboration with external parties.   Nonetheless, the emergence of OSS poses a puzzle for conceptions of   organisational theory. Therefore, a theorising process is needed in   order to develop a deeper understanding of how value is created and   captured with OSS. Using a field study of eleven European firms, this   paper explores the creation and capture of business value from strategic   open source. The findings reveal that while decision makers look to open   innovation initiatives like OSS for value creation and capture, there is   still a desire to remain self reliant, resulting in collaborative design   (of external innovations) rather than collaborative decision making with   value network partners in relation to how such innovations would help   create and capture value within firms. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.jsis.2014.07.001
1975,Article,Biodegradation Property of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate-Collagen Composite   in Accordance with Bone Formation: A Comparative Study with Bio-Oss   Collagen® in a Rat Critical-Size Defect Model,"Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare osteoconductivity   and biodegradation properties of an in-house fabricated beta-tricalcium   phosphate (b-TCP)-collagen composite with those of Bio-Oss Collagen (R)   (Osteohealth, Shirley, NY, USA) using a rat calvarial critical-size   defect model.   Materials and Methods: b-TCP-collagen composite material was fabricated   by mixing b-TCP granules having a particle size of 0.15 to 0.8 mm and   75\\% porosity, with bovine dermis-derived soluble collagen sponge. The   dry weight ratio of b-TCP granules-to-collagen ratios was 4:1. Bio-Oss   Collagen or the b-TCP-collagen composite was used to fill a 5.0   mm-diameter calvarial defect in rats. The defects were evaluated by   histological and histomorphological analyses of decalcified histological   sections with hematoxylin and eosin staining 6 and 10 weeks,   respectively, after surgery.   Results: The defect implanted with the b-TCP composite contained   immature bone structures with dense connective tissue in contrast to the   abundant fibrous tissue, but no trabecular structure was observed within   the defect implanted with Bio-Oss Collagen at 6 weeks postoperatively.   Eventually, the defect filled with the b-TCP composite was covered with   dense, continuous, mature bone tissue with complete replacement of the   graft material. However, in defects filled with Bio-Oss Collagen, only   dense connective tissue, containing limited amounts of immature   trabecular bone and abundant remnant Bio-Oss particles, was observed.   Histomorphological analysis revealed that the b-TCP composite caused   greater tissue augmentation with a larger volume of bone tissue observed   in the defect and greater bioabsorption of remnant material than Bio-Oss   Collagen.   Conclusion: These results indicated that the b-TCP composite has greater   osteoconductivity and better biodegradation properties than Bio-Oss   Collagen; these properties of the b-TCP-collagen composite complimented   bone formation and remodeling.",10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00467.x
1976,Article,Boosting Government Performance with Open Source Software? - A Roadmap   for Germany,"Governments face a considerable pressure from all directions: budget   restrictions, citizens' expectations, demographical trends, local   competition from surrounding areas - to name just a few. EGovernment is   regarded as an imminent tool to tackle many of these challenges.   Obviously, IT itself is object of increasing complexity, constant change   and financial implications. This paper outlines how the federal German   government follows a strategic roadmap for eGovernment by shaping the   objectives and goals for IT expansion. We discuss the role of open   source software and how new approaches for software development can turn   the ambitious aims into reality.",NA
1977,Article,Brazil Open University Mediated by Free Software,"The goal is to describe and critically analyse, in terms of inclusion   and inter-culturalism, the educational technology network mediated by   free software of the Open University of Brazil (UAB) at the Centre for   Educational Technology (NTE) of the Federal University of Santa Maria   (UFSM). Analytically, the approach contemplates a case study for all   technologies used, with a brief presentation, a limit situation and   possible-viable results highlighted for the obtained data. Thus, we seek   to create unifying parameters (categories) for analysis in view of   education as a practice of freedom. Finally, we present as conclusions a   mapping of the current situation signalling a possible-viable and   innovative sustainable prospect to enhance inclusion and intercultural   dialogue in the collaborative communities of free software in Brazilian   open education.",10.29276/redapeci.2014.14.11605.98-118
1979,InCollection,Bridging the Academia-Industry Gap in Software Engineering: A   Client-Oriented Open Source Software Projects Course,"Too often, computer science programs offer a software engineering course   that emphasizes concepts, principles, and practical techniques, but   fails to engage students in real-world software experiences. The authors   have developed an approach to teaching undergraduate software   engineering courses that integrates client-oriented project development   and open source development practice. They call this approach the   Client-Oriented Open Source Software (CO-FOSS) model. The advantages of   this approach are that students are involved directly with a client,   nonprofits gain a useful software application, and the project is   available as open source for other students or organizations to extend   and adapt. This chapter describes the motivation, elaborates the   approach, and presents the results in substantial detail. The process is   agile and the development framework is transferrable to other   one-semester software engineering courses in a wide range of   institutions.",10.4018/978-1-4666-5800-4.ch019
1980,InProceedings,Building a Virtual Breast Elastography Phantom Lab Using Open Source   Software,"Ultrasound-based Elastography is being used to augment in vivo   characterization of breast lesions. Results from a meta-analysis of all   clinical trials (up to 2011) indicated a lack of confidence in image   interpretation. Such confidence can only be gained through rigorous   imaging tests using complex, heterogeneous but known media. Our   objective of this study is to build a virtual breast phantom lab in the   public domain that can be used for rigorous imaging testing of this   kind. Main thrust of this work is to streamline biomedical ultrasound   simulations in conjunction with anatomically complex (software) phantoms   by leveraging existing open source software packages including K-wave or   Field II (acoustic simulation), VTK (data visualization and processing),   FEBio (biomechanical deformation) and Tetgen (mesh generation). The   integration of these four open source packages was based on a simple   message-passing scheme to facilitate its use among imaging scientists.   In this study, we demonstrated that a complex and heterogeneous   (virtual) breast phantom can be derived from medical imaging data, i.e.   publically available Visible Human Project data through US National   Institutes of Health. Three volumes of interest were selected from the   proposed virtual breast phantom to perform acoustic simulations using a   virtual linear array transducer (6MHz and 80\\% bandwidth). Our initial   results showed that simulated B-mode images accurately represented the   underlying complex but known medium. In order to demonstrate   applications in elastography, the virtual breast phantom was also   deformed using finite element simulations. The resultant simulated   strain image depicted complex patterns that were normally seen in   clinical data.   In conclusion, the proposed virtual software infrastructure can perform   sophisticated ultrasound simulations in conjunction with complex and   heterogeneous media. It is our intent that, in the future, the proposed   virtual software infrastructure will be available to the research   community for use in creation complex imaging benchmark tests for   algorithm testing and validation. Furthermore, the proposed virtual   platform can also be tailored to meet specific research needs by   potential users themselves in an open science fashion. Collectively,   these activities will accelerate development of ultrasound imaging   including elastography.",10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0457
1981,Article,CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGERIANS OAK WOOD BY X-RAY TOMOGRAPHIC SCANNER AND   FREE SOFTWARE IMAGE-J,"The main objective of this work is the determination of the density   variation in nine samples oak wood analysed at various depth thickness.   The wood materials tested are taken from Yakouren forest situated in the   north of Algeria, samples used for the evaluation were of oak Zeen and   oak Afares trees, samples are preciously prepared by catting operation   in the longitudinal and tangential direction. The analysis based on the   absorption of X-rays generated by tomographic scanner, as the trails   parameters could be appropriate in order to obtain a high resolution of   images. After the images were analyzed by a specific free software image   (Image J), this was done by reconstructing images taken on each depth   scan in three different area of the samples, at the high, middle and low   area. The results showed density distribution in all samples areas   analyzed, even at different depth. the statistical investigation of   results confirmed the anisotropy of the species wood analyzed, in   addition the density distribution were strongly correlated in the three   areas anlyzed with slight difference, and the evolution of density were   noted as nonlinear in the two species oak studied.",NA
1982,Article,COMMUNICATION IN INNOVATION COMMUNITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF 100 OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE PROJECTS,"We develop a model of innovation communities which allows us to address   in a systematic way the influence of users and developers as well as   communication between and within these groups. Based on this model, we   derive a formal approach to quantify communication flows, community   activity and community turnover. These measures are calculated using the   data of 100 open source software projects. Our empirical analysis shows   that: (i) Users play indeed a predominant role in communication, which   points towards the vivid role of an active user community; (ii)   communication is highly concentrated, which points towards the   importance of active individuals and (iii) community turnover exhibits   only little correlation with community segregation, which may allow to   benefit from high turnover rates while keeping negative effects small.   We argue that insight from this extensive analysis not only complements   existing case studies, it also provides a reference frame to put these   singular results into perspective when aiming at generalizations.",10.1142/S021952591550006X
1983,InProceedings,COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR THE LMS IN TEXTILE FIELD,"The purpose of this paper is to present several open source solutions   that can be used to study the processes of obtaining technical fabrics.   This software (like eXe Learning, Hot Potatoes, Xerte and so on) can be   used for creating an LMS (Learning Management Systems), and can be used   to create interactive courses that the student may approach based on   complexity. In the case of eXe Learning and Xerte can be generated   courses which have a similar structure to that of the classic course,   but that can be approached as a web page. Information is structured so   that they comply with the requirements of a weaving technology. The   teacher can generate in the same course, a number of subsections which   the student can learn in the same order or according to his need. Can be   attached multimedia materials, its own teacher, and reference may be   made to the existing materials on the Internet. The course can be saved   in different formats, so it can be loaded on an e-learning plafform. The   two open source software is built on different platforms (Linux,   Windows) for a fairly large number of variations. The development of eXe   Learning has been stopped, Xerte reached at version 3.0 (beta). Both   programs are developed by the universities (from New Zealand and   England). If eXe is based on his experience during use, Xerte requires   some knowledge of programming into Action Script. Both software has   bibliographic resources quite confined, but can also be used easily as   soon as it gains experience. The software's have the possibility to   generate tests, but in the case of eXe Learning the answers that have   the disadvantage that the order is the same and it is necessary to use   special software to test for generating (like Hot Potatoes). The Xerte   can generate the quizzes with random answers. The course can be saved in   different formats so it can be uploaded on a platform of e-learning or   may be used independently, without access to the Internet (with saving   multimedia materials to another medium), etc.",NA
1984,InProceedings,Challenges and implications of verifiable builds for security-critical open-source software,"The majority of computer users download compiled software and run it directly on their machine. Apparently, this is also true for open-sourced software -- most users would not compile the available source, and implicitly trust that the available binaries have been compiled from the published source code (i.e., no backdoor has been inserted in the binary). To verify that the official binaries indeed correspond to the released source, one can compile the source of a given application, and then compare the locally generated binaries with the developer-provided official ones. However, such simple verification is non-trivial to achieve in practice, as modern compilers, and more generally, toolchains used in software packaging, have not been designed with verifiability in mind. Rather, the output of compilers is often dependent on parameters that can be strongly tied to the building environment. In this paper, we analyze a widely-used encryption tool, TrueCrypt, to verify its official binary with the corresponding source. We first manually replicate a close match to the official binaries of sixteen most recent versions of TrueCrypt for Windows up to v7.1a, and then explain the remaining differences that can solely be attributed to non-determinism in the build process. Our analysis provides the missing guarantee on official binaries that they are indeed backdoor-free, and makes audits on TrueCrypt's source code more meaningful. Also, we uncover several sources of non-determinism in TrueCrypt's compilation process; these findings may help create future verifiable build processes.",10.1145/2664243.2664288
1985,Article,CoCoTools: Open-source Software for Building Connectomes Using the   CoCoMac Anatomical Database,"Neuroanatomical tracer studies in the nonhuman primate macaque monkey   are a valuable resource for cognitive neuroscience research. These data   ground theories of cognitive function in anatomy, and with the emergence   of graph theoretical analyses in neuroscience, there is high demand for   these data to be consolidated into large-scale connection matrices   ({''}macroconnectomes{''}). Because manual review of the anatomical   literature is time consuming and error prone, computational solutions   are needed to accomplish this task. Here we describe the ``CoCoTools{''}   open-source Python library, which automates collection and integration   of macaque connectivity data for visualization and graph theory   analysis. CoCoTools both interfaces with the CoCoMac database, which   houses a vast amount of annotated tracer results from 100 years   (1905-2005) of neuroanatomical research, and implements coordinate-free   registration algorithms, which allow studies that use different   parcellations of the brain to be translated into a single graph. We show   that using CoCoTools to translate all of the data stored in CoCoMac   produces graphs with properties consistent with what is known about   global brain organization. Moreover, in addition to describing   CoCoTools' processing pipeline, we provide worked examples, tutorials,   links to on-line documentation, and detailed appendices to aid   scientists interested in using CoCoTools to gather and analyze CoCoMac   data.",10.1162/jocn\\_a\\_00498
1986,Article,Communicating social responsibility in the free software sector,"Free software development involves the private creation of knowledge   freely available to the whole society. It is a socially responsible   activity by organizations that carry out it despite not being included   by the information and communication sector in their social   responsibility reports. It also generates high economic value in spite   of not being held in financial reporting. This paper raises the   possibility of sectorial social responsibility reporting; to this end   key stakeholders and relevant indicators are identified. Delphi   methodology has been used with response from panel members chosen from   key players in the free software industry in Spain. Gaining   institutional recognition, opening to socially responsible investment   and synergies with quality policies are the main advantages for the   management of organizations that base their business on free software   developments.",NA
1987,Article,Comparative analysis of the use of open source software in teaching of   data processing,"Commonly used tool for processing of statistical data in the research   and teaching of the humanities and natural sciences program IBM SPSS.   This tool is an unwritten standard not only for many school systems, but   also for many state institutions in the Czech Republic, which make   available statistical data in the form of programs SPSS. The big   disadvantage of this program is the high price, which is very   restrictive for use in an academic environment, whether in the classroom   and in the case of individual student work on their computers and also   for their possible future practice. Currently, there are two tools that   could replace the proprietary software. These are programs SOFA (http://   www. sofastatistics. com) and PSPP (http:// www. gnu. org/ software/   pspp/), which are free and available under a license that allows these   programs to install and use not only in academia, but also for possible   future commercial use of students in this software will learn.   The research aims to compare options and tools SOFA PSPP with IBM SPSS   program and see if you can incorporate alternative tool in the teaching   of science and the humanities so that students had the opportunity to   apply learned knowledge and skills into their own projects and in future   practice without having to pay expensive fees for the use of software.",NA
1988,Article,Comparative evaluation of open source software for mapping between   metabolite identifiers in metabolic network reconstructions: application   to Recon 2,"Background: An important step in the reconstruction of a metabolic   network is annotation of metabolites. Metabolites are generally   annotated with various database or structure based identifiers.   Metabolite annotations in metabolic reconstructions may be incorrect or   incomplete and thus need to be updated prior to their use. Genome-scale   metabolic reconstructions generally include hundreds of metabolites.   Manually updating annotations is therefore highly laborious. This   prompted us to look for open-source software applications that could   facilitate automatic updating of annotations by mapping between   available metabolite identifiers. We identified three applications   developed for the metabolomics and chemical informatics communities as   potential solutions. The applications were MetMask, the Chemical   Translation System, and UniChem. The first implements a ``metabolite   masking{''} strategy for mapping between identifiers whereas the latter   two implement different versions of an InChI based strategy. Here we   evaluated the suitability of these applications for the task of mapping   between metabolite identifiers in genome-scale metabolic   reconstructions. We applied the best suited application to updating   identifiers in Recon 2, the latest reconstruction of human metabolism.   Results: All three applications enabled partially automatic updating of   metabolite identifiers, but significant manual effort was still required   to fully update identifiers. We were able to reduce this manual effort   by searching for new identifiers using multiple types of information   about metabolites. When multiple types of information were combined, the   Chemical Translation System enabled us to update over 3,500 metabolite   identifiers in Recon 2. All but approximately 200 identifiers were   updated automatically.   Conclusions: We found that an InChI based application such as the   Chemical Translation System was better suited to the task of mapping   between metabolite identifiers in genome-scale metabolic   reconstructions. We identified several features, however, that could be   added to such an application in order to tailor it to this task.",10.1186/1758-2946-6-2
1989,Article,Comunicación de la responsabilidad social en el sector del software libre*/{Communicating} social responsibility in the free software sector,"Free software development involves the private creation of knowledge freely available to the whole society. It is a socially responsible activity by organizations that carry out it despite not being included by the information and communication sector in their social responsibility reports. It also generates high economic value in spite of not being held in financial reporting. This paper raises the possibility of sectorial social responsibility reporting; to this end key stakeholders and relevant indicators are identified. Delphi methodology has been used with response from panel members chosen from key players in the free software industry in Spain. Gaining institutional recognition, opening to socially responsible investment and synergies with quality policies are the main advantages for the management of organizations that base their business on free software developments.",NA
1990,InProceedings,Correlations Between Problem Domain and Solution Domain Size Measures   for Open Source Software,"Predicting how much effort will be required to complete a software   project as early as possible is a very important factor in the success   of software development projects. Including function points and its   variants, there are several size measures and corresponding measurement   methods that can be used for effort estimation. However, in most of the   projects, there is limited amount of information available in the early   stages and significant effort is spent for size measurement and effort   estimation with such methods. This paper analyzes the correlation   between the size metrics of conceptual model of the problem domain and   the resulting software. For this purpose, we consider open source   project management and game software. We apply linear regression and   cross validation techniques to investigate the relation between the   sizes of problem domain (i.e., conceptual) and solution domain (i.e.,   design) models. The results reveal a high correlation between the number   of conceptual classes in the problem domain model and the number of   software classes constituting the corresponding software. The results   suggest that it is possible to use problem domain descriptions in the   early stages of software development projects to make plausible   predictions for the size of the software.",10.1109/SEAA.2014.11
1992,Article,Crowding-in of complementary contributions to public goods: Firm   investment into open source software,"We present a fairly general model in which firms are competitors in a   commercial market segment and can invest into a complementary public   good like open source software. We show that, contrary to standard   predictions, additional contribution to the public good by the   government or a new market entrant can lead to higher investments of all   incumbent firms, that is, a crowding-in effect. This result occurs if   the investment cost function is superadditive. We find that government   contribution leads to larger crowding-in effects than subsidizing market   entry if the price elasticity of demand with respect to the private good   is large relative to the one with respect to the public good. Our   results are robust to extensions in the timing and the mode of   competition. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jebo.2014.06.005
1994,Article,Current issues and research trends on open-source software communities,"Open source software (OSS) projects represent a new paradigm of software   creation and development based on hundreds or even thousands of   developers and users organised in the form of a virtual community. The   success of an OSS project is closely linked to the successful   organisation and development of the virtual community of support group.   This paper reviews different fields and research topics related to the   OSS communities such as collective intelligence, the structure of OSS   communities, their success, communities as virtual organisations,   motivation, shared knowledge, innovation and learning. The main   challenges, results obtained, and the knowledge areas are detailed for   each topic.",10.1080/09537325.2013.850158
1998,Article,DMOSS: Open Source Software Documentation Assessment,"Besides source code, the fundamental source of information about open   source software lies in documentation, and other non source code files,   like README, INSTALL, or How-To files, commonly available in the   software ecosystem. These documents, written in natural language,   provide valuable information during the software development stage, but   also in future maintenance and evolution tasks.   DMOSS3 is a toolkit designed to systematically assess the quality of non   source code content found in software packages. The toolkit handles a   package as an attribute tree, and performs several tree traverse   algorithms through a set of plugins, specialized in retrieving specific   metrics from text, gathering information about the software. These   metrics are later used to infer knowledge about the software, and   composed together to build reports that assess the quality of specific   features.   This paper discusses the motivations for this work, continues with a   description of the toolkit implementation and design goals. This is   followed by an example of its usage to process a software package, and   the produced report.",10.2298/CSIS131005027C
1999,InProceedings,Data Driven Testing of Open Source Software,"The increasing adoption of open source software (OSS) components in   software systems introduces new quality risks and testing challenges.   OSS components are developed and maintained by open communities and the   fluctuation of community members and structures can result in   instability of the software quality. Hence, an investigation is   necessary to analyze the impact open community dynamics and the quality   of the OSS, such as the level and trends in internal communications and   content distribution. The analysis results provide inputs to drive   selective testing for effective validation and verification of OSS   components. The paper suggests an approach for monitoring community   dynamics continuously, including communications like email and blogs,   and repositories of bugs and fixes. Detection of patterns in the   monitored behavior such as changes in traffic levels within and across   clusters can be used in turn to drive testing efforts. Our proposal is   demonstrated in the case of the XWiki OSS, a Java-based environment that   allows for the storing of structured data and the execution of server   side scripts within the wiki interface. We illustrate our concepts,   methods and approach behind this approach for risk based testing of OSS.",NA
2000,InProceedings,Demo: Cognoscenti Open Source Software for Experimentation on Adaptive   Case Management Approaches,"Cognoscenti is an experimental system for exploring different approaches   to supporting of complex, unpredictable work patterns. The tendency with   such work environments is to make increasingly sophisticated interaction   patterns, which ultimately overwhelm the user with options. The   challenge is to keep the necessary cognitive concepts very simple, allow   the knowledge worker a lot of freedom, but at the same time offer   structural support where necessary for security and access control.   Cognoscenti is freely available as an open source platform with a basic   set of capabilities for tracking documents, notes, goals, and roles   which might be used for further exploration into knowledge worker   support patterns.",10.1109/EDOCW.2014.67
1001,InProceedings,Demo: Cognoscenti Open Source Software for Experimentation on Adaptive Case Management Approaches,"Cognoscenti is an experimental system for exploring different approaches to supporting of complex, unpredictable work patterns. The tendency with such work environments is to make increasingly sophisticated interaction patterns, which ultimately overwhelm the user with options. The challenge is to keep the necessary cognitive concepts very simple, allow the knowledge worker a lot of freedom, but at the same time offer structural support where necessary for security and accesscontrol. Cognoscenti is freely available as an open source platform with a basic set of capabilities for tracking documents, notes, goals, and roles which might be used for further exploration into knowledge worker support patterns.",10.1109/EDOCW.2014.67
1002,Article,Development and Evaluation of an Open-Source Software Package   ``CGITA{''} for Quantifying Tumor Heterogeneity with Molecular Images,"Background. The quantification of tumor heterogeneity with molecular   images, by analyzing the local or global variation in the spatial   arrangements of pixel intensity with texture analysis, possesses a great   clinical potential for treatment planning and prognosis. To address the   lack of available software for computing the tumor heterogeneity on the   public domain, we develop a software package, namely, Chang-Gung Image   Texture Analysis (CGITA) toolbox, and provide it to the research   community as a free, open-source project. Methods. With a user-friendly   graphical interface, CGITA provides users with an easy way to compute   more than seventy heterogeneity indices. To test and demonstrate the   usefulness of CGITA, we used a small cohort of eighteen locally advanced   oral cavity (ORC) cancer patients treated with definitive   radiotherapies. Results. In our case study of ORC data, we found that   more than ten of the current implemented heterogeneity indices   outperformed SUVmean for outcome prediction in the ROC analysis with a   higher area under curve (AUC). Heterogeneity indices provide a better   area under the curve up to 0.9 than the SUVmean and TLG (0.6 and 0.52,   resp.). Conclusions. CGITA is a free and open-source software package to   quantify tumor heterogeneity from molecular images. CGITA is available   for free for academic use at http://code.google.com/p/cgita.",10.1155/2014/248505
1003,InProceedings,"Development of Open Source Software, a Qualitative View in a Knowledge Management Approach","Open Source Software (OSS) is software that users have freedom to modify and share it with no cost whatever their intentions. A major feature of this kind of software is its development in public, where the collective intelligence (CI) is applied and the knowledge is shared. The communication is a fundamental activity to these settings of development. To support the communication process, knowledge management (KM) stimulates the communication and the information sharing among people. This way, a good communication among users that are stimulated and coordinated addresses the final quality of the open source project. This work surveys how KM stimulates quality assurance in developing open source settings. It focuses on users, on the communication among them, and on the documentation they can help to write.",10.5220/0004962903910399
1004,Article,Development of a web application for water resources based on open   source software,"This article presents research and development of a prototype web   application for water resources using latest advancements in Information   and Communication Technologies (Id), open source software and web GIS.   The web application has three web services for: (1) managing, presenting   and storing of geospatial data, (2) support of water resources modeling   and (3) water resources optimization. The web application is developed   using several programming languages (PhP, Ajax, JavaScript, Java),   libraries (OpenLayers, JQuery) and open source software components   (GeoServer, PostgreSQL, PostGIS). The presented web application has   several main advantages: it is available all the time, it is accessible   from everywhere, it creates a real time multi-user collaboration   platform, the programing languages code and components are interoperable   and designed to work in a distributed computer environment, it is   flexible for adding additional components and services and, it is   scalable depending on the workload. The application was successfully   tested on a case study with concurrent multi-users access. (C) 2013   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cageo.2013.09.012
1006,InProceedings,Discover Knowledge on FLOSS Projects Through RepoFinder,"We can retrieve and integrate knowledge of different kinds. In this paper, we focus our attention on FLOSS (Free, Libre and Open Source Software) projects. With this aim, we introduce RepoFinder, a web application we have developed for the discovery, retrieval and analysis of open source software. RepoFinder supports a keyword-based discovery process for FLOSS projects through google-like queries. Moreover, it allows to analyze the projects according to well-known software metrics and other features of the code, and to compare some structural aspects of the different projects. In the paper, we focus on the discovery capabilities of RepoFinder, evaluating them on different project categories and comparing them with a well-known search engine as Google.",10.5220/0005156704850491
1007,InProceedings,Disruption-free Software Updates in Automation Systems,"Automation systems must primarily be deterministic and reliable,   especially in safety-critical environments. With recent trends such as   mass customization or Industry 4.0, there is an increasing need for   automation systems to be dynamic. Changing parts of the software of   today's automation systems, however, typically requires rebooting the   controller, which makes software updates a complex and costly endeavor   often despised by operators.   This article presents an approach to updating the software of automation   systems at runtime without disrupting the system's operation. This is   achieved with a combination of a component-based architecture, cyclic   application execution, and a state transfer mechanism between the   original and the updated version of a component. We validate our   solution with a case study in which we update the control algorithm of a   magnetic levitation device running at cycles of 1 kHz without dropping   the ball.",NA
1008,InProceedings,Distributed Leadership in OSS,"Open-source software (OSS) is software whose source code is available to view, change, and distribute without cost, and is typically developed in a collaborative manner that has captured the imagination of those who view the web as enabling more ""democratic"" models of governance. Researchers have, for years, debated the social structure of OSS projects -- in particular, the extent to which they represent decentralized forms of organization. Many have argued that the significant concentration of code development responsibility raises doubts about whether the level of power-sharing truly qualifies as ""distributed"" in the way early observers predicted. This research will investigate how changes in the technology that supports these projects -- specifically the greater visibility that characterizes the GitHub workspace may lead to a more broadly and quantifiably distributed leadership. Over the course of several studies employing several methodologies, it will examine leadership in OSS projects when visibility is a feature of the workspace.",10.1145/2660398.2660435
1009,InProceedings,Do Open Source Software Projects Conduct Tests Enough?,"Do open source software projects provide and maintain tests? What   metrics are correlated with the test success? This paper answers these   questions by executing tests of 452 open source software projects in   GitHub and measuring 13 metrics from 77 projects. Only 117 projects   passed all test cases. Additionally, the results are correlated with the   comment density, public documented API density, and test coverage.",NA
1010,InProceedings,Drawing the Big Picture: Temporal Visualization of Dynamic Collaboration   Graphs of OSS Software Forks,"How can we understand FOSS collaboration better? Can social issues that   emerge be identified and addressed as they happen? Can the community   heal itself, become more transparent and inclusive, and promote   diversity? We propose a technique to address these issues by   quantitative analysis and temporal visualization of social dynamics in   FOSS communities. We used social network analysis metrics to identify   growth patterns and unhealthy dynamics; This gives the community a   heads-up when they can still take action to ensure the sustainability of   the project.",NA
1012,InProceedings,ECOS: Ecological Studies of Open Source Software Ecosystems,"Software ecosystems, collections of projects developed by the same   community, are among the most complex artefacts constructed by humans.   Collaborative development of open source software (OSS) has witnessed an   exponential increase in two decades. Our hypothesis is that software   ecosystems bear many similarities with natural ecosystems. While natural   ecosystems have been the subject of study for many decades, research on   software ecosystems is more recent. For this reason, the ECOS research   project aims to determine whether and how selected ecological models and   theories from natural ecosystems can be adapted and adopted to   understand and better explain how OSS projects (akin to biological   species) evolve, and to determine what are the main factors that drive   the success or popularity of these projects. Expressed in biological   terms, we wish to use knowledge on the evolution of natural ecosystems   to provide support aiming to optimize the fitness of OSS projects, and   to increase the resistance and resilience of OSS ecosystems.",NA
1014,InProceedings,Early Identification of Future Committers in Open Source Software   Projects,"There exists two types of developers in Open Source Software (OSS)   projects: 1) Committers who have permission to commit edited source code   to the Version Control System (VCS), 2) Developers who contribute source   code but cannot commit to the VCS directly. In order to develop and   evolve high quality OSS, projects are always in search of new   committers. OSS projects often promote strong developers to become   committers. When existing committers find strong developers, they   propose their promotion to a committer role. Delaying the   committer-promotion might lead to strong developers departing from an   OSS project and the project losing them. However early   committer-promotion comes with its own slew of risks as well (e.g., the   promotion of inexperienced developers). Hence, committer-promotion   decisions are critical for the quality and successful evolution of OSS   projects. In this paper, we examine the committer-promotion phenomena   for two OSS projects (Eclipse and Firefox). We find that the amount of   activities by future committers was higher than the amount of activities   by developers who did not become committers). We also find that some   developers are promoted to a committer role very rapidly (within a few   month) while some of developers take over one year to become a   committer. Finally, we develop a committer-identification model to   assist OSS projects identifying future committers.",10.1109/QSIC.2014.30
1017,Article,Effect of liquid surface tension data on the validity and accuracy of   solid surface tension components and parameters in the application of   the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good approach,"This paper studies the effects on valid domain of contact angles and   error limits of solid surface tension components and parameters   (SSTCPs)/square roots of SSTCPs (SQSSTCPs) from the changes in liquid   surface tension components and parameters (LSTCPs) when applying the van   Oss-Chaudhury-Good (vOCG) approach. The results of maximum absolute   errors and maximum relative errors (MREs) in SQSSTCPs/SSTCPs, induced by   errors in LSTCPs or contact angles, show that most SQSSTCPs/SSTCPs can   be evaluated at moderate accuracy from the lowest condition number   liquid triplets, assuming that |Delta theta(i)|=1 degrees and   {[}GRAPHICS]   =0.1mN/m (i=1,2,3",10.1080/01694243.2014.958332
1018,Article,"Empirical study of open source software selection for adoption, based on   software quality characteristics","Currently, open source software (OSS) products have started to become   popular in the market as an alternative to traditional proprietary or   closed source software. Governments and organizations are beginning to   adopt OSS on a large scale and several governmental initiatives have   encouraged the use of OSS in the private sector. One major issue for the   government and private sector is the selection of appropriate OSS. This   paper uses new internal quality characteristics for selecting OSS that   can be added to the dimensions of DeLone and McLean information systems'   model. Through this study, the quality characteristics are organized in   a two level hierarchy, which list characteristics and   sub-characteristics that are interconnected with three main dimensions:   system quality, information quality and service quality. These   characteristic dimensions are tailored to the criteria having been built   from literature study and standard for software quality and guidelines.   This paper presents case study results of applying the proposed quality   characteristic on eight different open source software that are divided   between open source network tools and learning management systems. (C)   2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.12.001
1019,Article,Examining Investment Strategies of Venture Capitalists in Open Source   Software,"A growing body of literature has explored the motivation of firms to   take part in open source software (OSS) development, yet the role of   venture capitalists and their role in OSS projects is largely   unattached. Based on information from publicly available data, we   investigated the investment behavior of 37 VCs investing in 45 OSS   projects. To understand how these venture capitalists try to reduce   their perception of uncertainty and risk, we developed a 2 x 2 matrix of   diffrerent investment approaches. While the X-axis represents the   average age of a community/OSS product at the time of investment, the   Y-axis reflects the average round of a venture capitalist's entry. This   exploratory study illustrates how venture capitalists limit the level of   risk inherent in certain OSS investments and results in a number of   implications for communities seeking for external funds as well as for   investing firms.",10.1142/S0219877014500199
1020,Article,Exploring Organizational Information Sharing in Adopters and   Non-Adopters of Open Source Software: Evidence from Six Case Studies,"Open source software is becoming increasingly popular in organizational   environments. While prior research has explored the communal nature of   open source software development among individual users, little research   has explored whether these sharing concepts are also present in   organizational use of open source software products. This study uses a   theory integration approach to develop some initial insight into the   differences between users and non-users of open source software. This   study observed three groups of factors from six case studies of   information sharing in the context of organizational open source   software use. These factors were integrated with prior research in order   to understand the physical and managerial barriers to, and enablers of,   open source. The study proposes that open source users have more   extensive knowledge sharing and teamwork practices in place, and are   more tolerant of risk. The study also argues that open source users   depended less on external technology support services but have more   extensive information technology ( IT) support structures. Copyright (C)   2014 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/kpm.1430
1022,InProceedings,FOSS IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL VIRTUAL OFFICE SUITE,"Academic institutions and research organisations are fast becoming very   corporate in the design and setup of the workspace. There is an   ever-present need for readily available information and sophisticated   means of communication. As a result, information and communication   technologies are being deployed for application in various fields of   endeavour some of which include virtual offices. A virtual office is   essentially a simulated corporate environment that gives subscribers   access to collaborative work related features, which act as a means of   improving the way work is carried out in an organisation. Several   organisations opt for the software services rendered by virtual offices   because of their cost effectiveness and tendency to boost the collective   productivity of these organisations. For reasons as such, the existence   of virtual office software suites have become rampant, but the   availability of its services are at a cost. This paper reports the   design and implementation of an Educational Virtual Office using Free   and Open-Source Software (FOSS) to relieve corporate organisations of   the costly burdens of existing proprietary virtual office software.   Tools used in achieving this feat are Drupal Web Content Management   System (WCMS), readily available FOSS and a couple of other freeware,   intelligently integrated to form a composite suite.   The developed educational virtual office suite was deployed in the   Department of Electrical and Information Engineering of Covenant   University. A usability (user satisfaction) test was conducted. Analysis   of the test results showed that questions related to user satisfaction   scored more ``Strongly Agree{''} and ``Agree{''} points than   ``Disagree{''} and ``Strongly Disagree{''}. This is a pointer to the   fact that features such as the GUI of the web application and its   navigation proved to have little or no challenges as at when the tests   were carried out. Deployment of the developed educational virtual office   suite has the significant advantage of low cost in comparison with   proprietary virtual office suites with similar functionality. The fact   that the suite was developed entirely using FOSS gives it all the   attendant advantages that accrue from the employment of same from the   system design bottom-Up. Such advantages as easy access to source code,   which engenders easy upgrade of the component parts, come naturally.",NA
1023,InProceedings,FOSS Service Management and Incidences,"The Free Open Source Software (FOSS) solutions have been reaching a high   demand, usage and global recognition, not only in the development of   applications for companies and institutions also in the management of   services and incidents. With the upswing of Information Technology (IT),   the development of tools that enable the reporting of problems and   incidents on any organization or company is necessary. Every day you   need more applications, software generally, that make easier the user's   actions. This paper describes the need to use these tools and recount   the development of a web application that allows the management of   reports and incidents from users of Nova, the GNU/Linux Cuban   distribution.",NA
1024,Article,"FREE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES IN ARGENTINA: MOTIVATIONS, PARTICIPATION,   MILITANCY","The article recaptures inquiries about free software communities in   Argentina in order to deepen on their forms of participation and   activism. We focus on the motivations that bring together members of   communities and projects, which are associated with both technical and   social potentialities of the free software production model.   The analysis leads us to understand that these forms of solidarity   inside groups are inseparably attached to the personal pursuit and daily   needs of its participants.Communities generate and distribute capitals   and resources in a retributive way, according to their contributions and   inputs. Based on certain geeks / hackers identities linked to these   computer enthusiasts, such spaces strengthen ties, relations of   belonging and shared experiences. Along with it, ethical and political   definitions are constructed in relation to software and different topics   that make the local agenda of the collectives.   The text opens the discussion on the forms of militancy that exist   behind these groups and the construction of free software as a political   object. We enroll thus the debate into a broader reflection on   collective action and contemporary social movements.",NA
1025,Article,"Financial information management for university departments, using   open-source software","This paper presents a model to analyse the different outcomes generated   by the application of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory to economic and   financial information management in university departments. This model   extends that proposed by Goodhue (1995), in two ways: (i) a key role is   played by the manager in designing the technology and in performing the   task in question. Both of these aspects can be modified, depending on   the evaluation made of a series of characteristics (or dimensions)   inherent to the model. (ii) The free dissemination of the source code of   the application not only allows the transfer of knowledge, but also   creates virtual communities which, through collaborative work and the   exchange of experiences, can achieve a better fit of the technology to   the task at hand. This model has been introduced in several departments   at the University of Granada (Spain), and evaluated in terms of the   results obtained at both individual and group levels. This evaluation   was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with departmental   managers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.12.009
1027,Article,Finite-Size Effects in the Dependency Networks of Free and Open-Source   Software,"We propose a continuum model for the degree distribution of directed   networks in free and open-source software. The degree distributions of   links in both the in-directed and out-directed dependency networks   follow Zipf's law for the intermediate nodes, but the heavily linked   nodes and the poorly linked nodes deviate from this trend and exhibit   finite-size effects. The finite-size parameters make a quantitative   distinction between the in-directed and out-directed networks. For the   out-degree distribution, the initial condition for a dynamic evolution   corresponds to the limiting count of the most heavily linked nodes that   the out-directed network can finally have. The number of nodes   contributing out-directed links grows with every generation of software   release, but this growth ultimately saturates toward a terminal value,   due to the finiteness of semantic possibilities in the network.",10.25088/ComplexSystems.23.1.71
1028,InProceedings,Focus-Shifting Patterns of OSS Developers and Their Congruence with Call   Graphs,"Developers in complex, self-organized open-source projects often work on   many different files, and over time switch focus between them. Shifting   focus can have impact on the software quality and productivity, and is   thus an important topic of investigation. In this paper, we study focus   shifting patterns (FSPs) of developers by comparing trace data from a   dozen open source software (OSS) projects of their longitudinal commit   activities and file dependencies from the projects call graphs. Using   information theoretic measures of network structure, we find that fairly   complex focus-shifting patterns emerge, and FSPs in the same project are   more similar to each other. We show that developers tend to shift focus   along with, rather than away from, software dependency links described   by the call graphs. This tendency becomes weaker as either the interval   between successive commits, or the organizational distance between   committed files (i.e. directory distance), gets larger. Interestingly,   this tendency appears stronger with more productive developers.   We hope our study will initiate interest in further understanding of   FSPs, which can ultimately help to (1) improve current recommender   systems to predict the next focus of developers, and (2) provide insight   into better call graph design, so as to facilitate developers' work.",10.1145/2635868.2635914
1031,InProceedings,Forge plus plus : The Changing Landscape of FLOSS Development,"Software forges are centralized online systems that provide useful tools   to help distributed development teams work together, especially in free,   libre, and open source software (FLOSS). Forge-provided tools may   include web space, version control systems, mailing lists and   communication forums, bug tracking systems, file downloads, wikis, and   the like. Empirical software engineering researchers can mine the   artifacts from these tools to better understand how FLOSS is made. As   the landscape of distributed software development has grown and changed,   the tools needed to make FLOSS have changed as well. There are three   newer tools at the center of FLOSS development today: distributed   version control based forges (like Github), programmer   question-and-answer communities (like Stack Overflow), and pastebin   tools (like Gist or Pastebin.com). These tools are extending and   changing the toolset used for FLOSS development, and redefining what a   software forge looks like. The main contributions of this paper are to   describe each of these tools, to identify the data and artifacts   available for mining from these tools, and to outline some of the ways   researchers can use these artifacts to continue to understand how FLOSS   is made.",10.1109/HICSS.2014.405
1032,InProceedings,Forge++: The Changing Landscape of FLOSS Development,"Software forges are centralized online systems that provide useful tools to help distributed development teams work together, especially in free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS). Forge-provided tools may include web space, version control systems, mailing lists and communication forums, bug tracking systems, file downloads, wikis, and the like. Empirical software engineering researchers can mine the artifacts from these tools to better understand how FLOSS is made. As the landscape of distributed software development has grown and changed, the tools needed to make FLOSS have changed as well. There are three newer tools at the center of FLOSS development today: distributed version control based forges (like Github), programmer question-and-answer communities (like Stack Overflow), and paste bin tools (like Gist or Pastebin.com). These tools are extending and changing the toolset used for FLOSS development, and redefining what a software forge looks like. The main contributions of this paper are to describe each of these tools, to identify the data and artifacts available for mining from these tools, and to outline some of the ways researchers can use these artifacts to continue to understand how FLOSS is made.",10.1109/HICSS.2014.405
1033,InProceedings,Free software as a management tool in Galician dairy farms,"Galicia has its main economic activity in the primary sector,   highlighting in it, the livestock subsector, specialized in beef and   dairy milk productions, it is a national reference in milk production   accounts for almost 40\\% of total sales and bringing together more than   55\\% of Spanish milk producers. The current situation of the majority of   dairy farms in Galicia, with production costs steadily rising and   stagnant incomes are critical for the future.   Currently, due to the price paid by industry to producers they are in an   extreme situation with similar production costs and incomes. The absence   of specific tools that enable them to optimize their cost structure   further aggravates the situation.   Previous studies by this research group considered that the cost   structure of Galician dairy farms, they made marginal investments in   technical or consultancy services, management and administration.   To improve this situation, the specific tools based on open source is   proposed as an appropriate efficiency management tool for this business,   unwilling to invest in individual management and used to follow the   strategies dictated from the government.   In this context there places the base of the investigation proposed as   significant form of contributing solutions to the problems of the   lacteal sector of Galicia.",NA
1034,InProceedings,Free/Open Source Software Projects as early MOOCs A comparison of two   ways of acquiring knowledge and skills over the Internet,"This paper presents Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) Projects as   early Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs). Being software development a   process where learning and collaboration is of major importance, FLOSS   projects have in common many characteristics with MOOCs. This is because   many FLOSS projects (such as Linux, Apache, GNOME or KDE, among others)   are massive, they are open to anyone to participate, and are driven   mainly by telematic means. We therefore present the research literature   that has studied FLOSS projects from points of view that are close to   learning and discuss how the FLOSS community has approached many of the   issues related to acquiring knowledge and skills over the Internet and   compare them to how currently MOOCs, both xMOOCs and cMOOCs, address   these situations.",NA
1035,Article,FreeContact: fast and free software for protein contact prediction from   residue co-evolution,"Background: 20 years of improved technology and growing sequences now   renders residue-residue contact constraints in large protein families   through correlated mutations accurate enough to drive de novo   predictions of protein three-dimensional structure. The method EVfold   broke new ground using mean-field Direct Coupling Analysis   (EVfold-mfDCA); the method PSICOV applied a related concept by   estimating a sparse inverse covariance matrix. Both methods   (EVfold-mfDCA and PSICOV) are publicly available, but both require too   much CPU time for interactive applications. On top, EVfold-mfDCA depends   on proprietary software.   Results: Here, we present FreeContact, a fast, open source   implementation of EVfold-mfDCA and PSICOV. On a test set of 140   proteins, FreeContact was almost eight times faster than PSICOV without   decreasing prediction performance. The EVfold-mfDCA implementation of   FreeContact was over 220 times faster than PSICOV with negligible   performance decrease. EVfold-mfDCA was unavailable for testing due to   its dependency on proprietary software. FreeContact is implemented as   the free C++ library ``libfreecontact{''}, complete with command line   tool ``freecontact{''}, as well as Perl and Python modules. All   components are available as Debian packages. FreeContact supports the   BioXSD format for interoperability.   Conclusions: FreeContact provides the opportunity to compute reliable   contact predictions in any environment (desktop or cloud).",10.1186/1471-2105-15-85
1036,Article,From open-source software to Wikipedia: `Backgrounding' trust by   collective monitoring and reputation tracking,"Open-content communities that focus on co-creation without requirements   for entry have to face the issue of institutional trust in contributors.   This research investigates the various ways in which these communities   manage this issue. It is shown that communities of open-source   software-continue to-rely mainly on hierarchy (reserving write-access   for higher echelons), which substitutes (the need for) trust.   Encyclopedic communities, though, largely avoid this solution. In the   particular case of Wikipedia, which is confronted with persistent   vandalism, another arrangement has been pioneered instead. Trust (i.e.   full write-access) is `backgrounded' by means of a permanent   mobilization of Wikipedians to monitor incoming edits. Computational   approaches have been developed for the purpose, yielding both   sophisticated monitoring tools that are used by human patrollers, and   bots that operate autonomously. Measures of reputation are also under   investigation within Wikipedia; their incorporation in monitoring   efforts, as an indicator of the trustworthiness of editors, is   envisaged. These collective monitoring efforts are interpreted as   focusing on avoiding possible damage being inflicted on Wikipedian   spaces, thereby being allowed to keep the discretionary powers of   editing intact for all users. Further, the essential differences between   backgrounding and substituting trust are elaborated. Finally it is   argued that the Wikipedian monitoring of new edits, especially by its   heavy reliance on computational tools, raises a number of moral   questions that need to be answered urgently.",10.1007/s10676-014-9342-9
1038,InProceedings,GitHub Projects. Quality Analysis of Open-Source Software,"Nowadays Open-Source Software is developed mostly by decentralized teams   of developers cooperating on-line. GitHub portal is an online social   network that supports development of software by virtual teams of   programmers. Since there is no central mechanism that governs the   process of team formation, it is interesting to investigate if there are   any significant correlations between project quality and the   characteristics of the team members. However, for such analysis to be   possible, we need good metrics of a project quality. This paper develops   two such metrics, first one reflecting project's popularity, and the   second one - the quality of support offered by team members to users.   The first metric is based on the number of `stars' a project is given by   other GitHub members, the second is obtained using survival analysis   techniques applied to issues reported on the project by its users. After   developing the metrics we have gathered characteristics of several   GitHub projects and analyzed their influence on the project quality   using statistical regression techniques.",NA
1040,InProceedings,Green Computing and Software Defects in Open Source Software: An   Empirical Study,"Overtime open source software (OSS) is receiving attention from   industry. The growth rate is unprecedented. The software industry is   inclining towards adopting OSS despite concerns about the quality.   Defect management has been a key issue in OSS. Software whether it is   close or open source uses energy. Green computing argued that   environmental conditions are getting worst and use of power consumptions   should be minimized to protect the earth. A lot of work has been   reported in the area of green hardware but very little work has been   reported in making software green. The main objective this work is to   increase understanding of green software development. In this study, we   empirically investigate that whether there is relationship between   defect management in OSS and power consumption of OSS application. We   used a dataset consist of 82 OSS projects to study the research model of   this investigation. The results of this investigation show that software   defect management in OSS play a significant role in managing power   consumption of OSS applications.",NA
1041,InProceedings,How social Q&amp;A sites are changing knowledge sharing in open source software communities,"Historically, mailing lists have been the preferred means for coordinating development and user support activities. With the emergence and popularity growth of social Q&amp;A sites such as the StackExchange network (e.g., StackOverflow), this is beginning to change. Such sites offer different socio-technical incentives to their participants than mailing lists do, e.g., rich web environments to store and manage content collaboratively, or a place to showcase their knowledge and expertise more vividly to peers or potential recruiters. A key difference between StackExchange and mailing lists is gamification, i.e., StackExchange participants compete to obtain reputation points and badges. In this paper, we use a case study of R (a widely-used tool for data analysis) to investigate how mailing list participation has evolved since the launch of StackExchange. Our main contribution is the assembly of a joint data set from the two sources, in which participants in both the texttt{r-help} mailing list and StackExchange are identifiable. This permits their activities to be linked across the two resources and also over time. With this data set we found that user support activities show a strong shift away from texttt{r-help}. In particular, mailing list experts are migrating to StackExchange, where their behaviour is different. First, participants active both on texttt{r-help} and on StackExchange are more active than those who focus exclusively on only one of the two. Second, they provide faster answers on StackExchange than on texttt{r-help}, suggesting they are motivated by the emph{gamified} environment. To our knowledge, our study is the first to directly chart the changes in behaviour of specific contributors as they migrate into gamified environments, and has important implications for knowledge management in software engineering.",10.1145/2531602.2531659
1042,InProceedings,How to Support Newcomers Onboarding to Open Source Software Projects,"While onboarding an open source software (OSS) project, contributors   face many different barriers that hinder their contribution, leading in   many cases to dropout. Many projects leverage the contribution of   outsiders and the sustainability of the project relies on retaining some   of these newcomers. In this research, we aim at understanding the   barriers that hinder onboarding of newcomers to OSS projects, by means   of different empirical approaches, and proposing a set of strategies   that can be used to support the first step of newcomers.",NA
1043,InProceedings,Impact of developer reputation on code review outcomes in OSS projects: an empirical investigation,"&lt;u&gt;Context:&lt;/u&gt; Gaining an identity and building a good reputation are important motivations for Open Source Software (OSS) developers. It is unclear whether these motivations have any actual impact on OSS project success. &lt;u&gt;Goal:&lt;/u&gt; To identify how an OSS developer's reputation affects the outcome of his/her code review requests. &lt;u&gt;Method:&lt;/u&gt; We conducted a social network analysis (SNA) of the code review data from eight popular OSS projects. Working on the assumption that core developers have better reputation than peripheral developers, we developed an approach, Core Identification using K-means (CIK) to divide the OSS developers into core and periphery groups based on six SNA centrality measures. We then compared the outcome of the code review process for members of the two groups. &lt;u&gt;Results:&lt;/u&gt; The results suggest that the core developers receive quicker first feedback on their review request, complete the review process in shorter time, and are more likely to have their code changes accepted into the project codebase. Peripheral developers may have to wait 2 - 19 times (or 12 - 96 hours) longer than core developers for the review process of their code to complete. &lt;u&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/u&gt; We recommend that projects allocate resources or create tool support to triage the code review requests to motivate prospective developers through quick feedback.",10.1145/2652524.2652544
1045,InProceedings,Innovation diffusion in open source software: preliminary analysis of dependency changes in the gentoo portage package database,"In this paper we make the case that software dependencies are a form of innovation adoption. We then test this on the time-evolution of the Gentoo package dependency graph. We find that the Bass model of innovation diffusion fits the growth of the number of packages depending on a given library. Interestingly, we also find that low-level packages have a primarily imitation driven adoption and multimedia libraries have primarily innovation driven growth.",10.1145/2597073.2597079
1046,InProceedings,It's Not Only about Writing Code: An Investigation of the Notion of   Citizenship Behaviors in the Context of Free/Libre/ Open Source Software   Communities,"Attracting a large number of new contributors has been seen as a way to   ensure the survival, long-term success, and sustainability of   Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities. However, this   appears to be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition, as the   well-being of FLOSS communities also relies on members behaving as   ``good citizens,{''} to nurture and protect the community. This paper   investigates the notion of FLOSS community citizenship behaviors in   light of the organizational citizenship behaviors literature. Relying on   11 semi-structured interviews with FLOSS project leaders and community   managers, the papers identifies key instances of citizenship behaviors   along two dimensions: CCB-I (community citizenship behaviors oriented   towards the benefits of other individuals), and CCB-P (community   citizenship behaviors oriented towards the benefits of the project and   its community).",10.1109/HICSS.2014.406
1050,InProceedings,Lessons Learned from Teaching Open Source Software Development,"Free/Open Source Software allows students to learn valuable real world   skills and experiences, as well as a create a portfolio to show future   employers. However, the learning curve to joining FOSS can be daunting,   often leading newcomers to walk away frustrated. Universities therefore   need to find ways to provide a structured introduction to students,   helping them overcome the barriers to entry. This paper describes two   courses taught at two universities, built around a Communities of   Practice model, and the lessons learned from these. Suggestions and   insights are shared for how to structure and evaluate such courses for   maximum effect.",NA
1051,InProceedings,Locating Requests among Open Source Software Communication Messages,"As a first step towards assessing the quality of support offered online   for Open Source Software (OSS), we address the task of locating   requests, i.e., messages that raise an issue to be addressed by the OSS   community, as opposed to any other message. We present a corpus of   online communication messages randomly sampled from newsgroups and bug   trackers, manually annotated as requests or non-requests. We identify   several linguistically shallow, content-based heuristics that correlate   with the classification and investigate the extent to which they can   serve as independent classification criteria. Then, we train   machine-learning classifiers on these heuristics. We experiment with a   wide range of settings, such as different learners, excluding some   heuristics and adding unigram features of various parts-of-speech and   frequency. We conclude that some heuristics can perform well, while   their accuracy can be improved further using machine learning, at the   cost of obtaining manual annotations.",NA
1052,Article,MEIGO: an open-source software suite based on metaheuristics for global   optimization in systems biology and bioinformatics,"Background: Optimization is the key to solving many problems in   computational biology. Global optimization methods, which provide a   robust methodology, and metaheuristics in particular have proven to be   the most efficient methods for many applications. Despite their utility,   there is a limited availability of metaheuristic tools.   Results: We present MEIGO, an R and Matlab optimization toolbox (also   available in Python via a wrapper of the R version), that implements   metaheuristics capable of solving diverse problems arising in systems   biology and bioinformatics. The toolbox includes the enhanced scatter   search method (eSS) for continuous nonlinear programming (cNLP) and   mixed-integer programming (MINLP) problems, and variable neighborhood   search (VNS) for Integer Programming (IP) problems. Additionally, the R   version includes BayesFit for parameter estimation by Bayesian   inference. The eSS and VNS methods can be run on a single-thread or in   parallel using a cooperative strategy. The code is supplied under GPLv3   and is available at http://www.iim.csic.es/similar to   gingproc/meigo.html. Documentation and examples are included. The R   package has been submitted to BioConductor. We evaluate MEIGO against   optimization benchmarks, and illustrate its applicability to a series of   case studies in bioinformatics and systems biology where it outperforms   other state-of-the-art methods.   Conclusions: MEIGO provides a free, open-source platform for   optimization that can be applied to multiple domains of systems biology   and bioinformatics. It includes efficient state of the art   metaheuristics, and its open and modular structure allows the addition   of further methods.",10.1186/1471-2105-15-136
1053,Article,MIGRATION STRATEGY TO FREE SOFTWARE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CIENFUEGOS,"Free Software features, along with the benefits of its application in   the economic, political and social areas make it an attractive tool for   organizations of all kinds, especially for universities. Within this   framework, ``Migration to Free Software Strategy at the University of   Cienfuegos{''} aims to guide the institution in the process of changing   their private computing platforms to new ones based on open source   systems. Its main result is a flexible guide, tailored to the   ``University of Cienfuegos{''} characteristics and that also takes into   account this institution's potential to conduct a successful migration   process.",NA
1055,InProceedings,Magnet or sticky? an OSS project-by-project typology,"For Open Source Software (OSS) projects, retaining existing contributors and attracting new ones is a major concern. In this paper, we expand and adapt a pair of population migration metrics to analyze migration trends in a collection of open source projects. Namely, we study: (1) project stickiness, i.e., its tendency to retain existing contributors and (2) project magnetism, i.e., its tendency to attract new contributors. Using quadrant plots, we classify projects as attractive (highly magnetic and sticky), stagnant (highly sticky, weakly magnetic), fluctuating (highly magnetic, weakly sticky), or terminal (weakly magnetic and sticky). Through analysis of the MSR challenge dataset, we find that: (1) quadrant plots can effectively identify at-risk projects, (2) stickiness is often motivated by professional activity and (3) transitions among quadrants as a project ages often coincides with interesting events in the evolution history of a project.",10.1145/2597073.2597116
1056,Article,Measuring the health of open source software ecosystems: Beyond the   scope of project health,"Background: The livelihood of an open source ecosystem is important to   different ecosystem participants: software developers, end-users,   investors, and participants want to know whether their ecosystem is   healthy and performing well. Currently, there exists no working   operationalization available that can be used to determine the health of   open source ecosystems. Health is typically looked at from a project   scope, not from an ecosystem scope.   Objectives: With such an operationalization, stakeholders can make   better decisions on whether to invest in an ecosystem: developers can   select the healthiest ecosystem to join, keystone organizers can   establish which governance techniques are effective, and end-users can   select ecosystems that are robust, will live long, and prosper.   Method: Design research is used to create the health operationalization.   The evaluation step is done using four ecosystem health projects from   literature.   Results: The Open Source Ecosystem Health Operationalization is   provided, which establishes the health of a complete software ecosystem,   using the data from collections of open source projects that belong to   the ecosystem.   Conclusion: The groundwork is done, by providing a summary of research   challenges, for more research in ecosystem health. With the   operationalization in hand, researchers no longer need to start from   scratch when researching open source ecosystems' health. (C) 2014   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2014.04.006
1058,Article,"Media {Corpora}, {Text} {Mining}, and the {Sociological} {Imagination} - {A} {Free} {Software} {Text} {Mining} {Approach} to the {Framing} of {Julian} {Assange} by three news agencies using {R}. {TeMiS}","In this paper, we introduce R. TeMiS, a free software solution aimed at exploring new dimensions in text mining with a particular focus on media framing analysis. R. TeMiS is especially designed to provide help in a) the automation of corpus construction and management procedures based on the use of large media content data bases, and b) the extension of the range of statistical tools available to social scientists exploring texts through R coding (one and two-way tables, time series, hierarchical clustering, correspondence analysis, geographical mapping...). A case study on the media framing of Julian Assange from January 2010 to December 2011 is conducted. It is based on the analysis of a corpus of 667 news dispatches published in English by the three top international news agencies: Agence France-Presse (AFP), Reuters and Associated Press (AP). Adapted from the source document.",10.1177/0759106314521968
1059,Article,Microblogging in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {The} {Case} of {Drupal} and {Twitter},"Microblogging is a popular form of social media that has quickly permeated both enterprise and open source communities. However, exactly how open source communities can leverage microblogging isn't yet well understood. The authors investigate how Drupal's open source community uses Twitter, a household name in microblogging. Their analysis of group and individual accounts of Drupal developers reveals that they take on similar but distinct roles. Both serve as communicators of essential links to a vast and growing community knowledge base, such as work artifacts, issues, documentation, and blog posts, but community members often express positive emotions when tweeting about work, which reinforces a sense of community.",NA
1060,InProceedings,Modeling Data for Tilted Implants in Grafted with Bio-Oss Maxillary   Sinuses Using Logistic Regression,"The aim of this study is to define the prognostic factors for implant   survival of immediately loaded tilted implants in the edentulous   maxillae placed into Bio-Oss grafted sinuses. A total of 44 tilted   Bredent implants in 24 grafted sinuses were inserted 9 to 10 months   after the augmentation procedures. Loading was applied within 12 hours   of implant surgery. Patients were scheduled for follow-up at 12 months.   Marginal bone loss, implant plaque level, pocket probing depth and   bleeding scores, CBCT measurements of mineral density (coDiagnostiX   (TM)) were assessed and recorded. Four implants failed (survival rate of   90,91\\%). The average marginal loss is 0,43 mm (SD 0,42). The mean bone   density of the grafts is 964 (SD 120,36) HU, ranging between min 477 and   max 1068 HU. All implant failures occurred in lower mineral density   grafts. Statistical analyses strongly support correlation between bone   density at the grafted sites and implant survival.",10.1063/1.4902458
1061,Article,Modeling Relational Events: A Case Study on an Open Source Software   Project,"Sequences of relational events underlie much empirical research on   organizational relations. Yet relational event data are typically   aggregated and dichotomized to derive networks that can be analyzed with   specialized statistical methods. Transforming sequences of relational   events into binary network ties entails two main limitations: the loss   of information about the order and number of events that compose each   tie and the inability to account for compositional changes in the set of   actors and/or recipients. In this article, we introduce a newly   developed class of statistical models that enables researchers to   exploit the full information contained in sequences of relational   events. We propose an extension of the models to cater for sequences of   relational events linking different sets of actors. We illustrate the   empirical application of relational event models in the context of a   free/open source software project with the aim to explain the level of   effort produced by contributors to the project. We offer guidance in the   interpretation of model parameters by characterizing the social   processes underlying organizational problem solving. We discuss the   applicability of relational events models in organizational research.",10.1177/1094428113517007
1064,InProceedings,Modelling Risks in Open Source Software Component Selection,"Adopting Open Source Software (OSS) components is a decision that offers   many potential advantages - such as cost effectiveness and reputation -   but even introduces a potentially high number of risks, which span from   the inability of the OSS community to continue the development over   time, to a poor quality of code. Differently from commercial   off-the-shelf components, to assess risk in OSS component adoption, we   can rely on the public availability of measurable information about the   component code and the developing communities. In the present paper, we   present a risk evaluation technique that uses conceptual modelling to   assess OSS component adoption risks. We root it in the existing   literature on OSS risk assessment and validate it by means of our   industrial partners.",NA
1065,InProceedings,Modelling and Applying OSS Adoption Strategies,"Increasing adoption of Open Source Software (OSS) in information system   engineering has led to the emergence of different OSS business   strategies that affect and shape organizations' business models. In this   context, organizational modeling needs to reconcile efficiently OSS   adoption strategies with business strategies and models. In this paper,   we propose to embed all the knowledge about each OSS adoption strategy   into an i{*} model that can be used in the intentional modeling of the   organization. These models describe the consequences of adopting one   such strategy or another: which are the business goals that are   supported, which are the resources that emerge, etc. To this aim, we   first enumerate the main existing OSS adoption strategies, next we   formulate an ontology that comprises the activities and resources that   characterise these strategies, then based on the experience of 5   industrial partners of the RISCOSS EU-funded project, we explore how   these elements are managed in each strategy and formulate the   corresponding model using the i{*} framework.",10.1007/978-3-319-12206-9\\_29
1066,InProceedings,Modularity and Organizational Dynamics in Open Source Software (OSS)   Production,"Modularity has been seen as key to the success of OSS projects. However   empirical studies on modularity of OSS systems have resulted in   confusing results. To account for underlying mechanisms of those   confusing results, we systematically examine widely studied OSS   projects. Based on our systematic review on technical and organizational   structures, we suggest that organizational circumstances of OSS   production are at least in a continuum of tightly-coupled and loosely-   coupled organizational circumstances of production in which both   geographically distributed volunteers and paid developers with   organizational ties work together (albeit separately over time).   Furthermore, organizational circumstances of OSS production appear to be   dynamic, as firms move in and out of OSS production communities over   time. In essence we argue that the reason for the confusing empirical   results was a persistent assumption that organizational circumstances of   OSS production are static or unitary; rather what matters is the   organizational circumstances of production in any episode of   contribution. This research agenda paper proposes future inquiries to   develop a comprehensive picture of ecological shift in different levels   of system modularity and organizational circumstances of OSS production   over time and through episodes.",NA
1068,InProceedings,Monitoring bottlenecks in achieving release readiness: a retrospective case study across ten OSS projects,"Context: Not releasing software on time can cause substantial loss in revenue. Continuous awareness of the product release status is required. Release readiness is a time-dependent attribute of the status of the product release, which aggregates the degree of satisfaction of a portfolio of release process and product measures.Goal: At different stages of a release cycle, the goal is to understand frequencies and pattern of occurrence of factors affecting project success by restricting the status of release readiness (called bottlenecks).Method: As a form of explorative case study research, we analyzed ten open source software (OSS) projects taken from the GitHub repository. As a retrospective study covering a period of 28 weeks, we monitored eight release readiness attributes and identified their impact on release readiness over time across the ten projects.Results: Feature completion rate, Bug fixing rate, and Features implemented were observed as the most frequent bottlenecks. The most frequent transition between bottlenecks is from Pull-request completion rate to Bug fixing rate. With the exception of Pull-request completion rate, no significant differences were found in occurrence of bottleneck factors between early and late stage of the release cycle.Conclusions: We received an initial understanding of the most frequent bottleneck factors for release readiness and their likelihood of subsequent occurrence. This is intended to guide the effort spent on improving release engineering.",10.1145/2652524.2652549
1069,InProceedings,Multi-Dimensions of Developer Trustworthiness Assessment in OSS   Community,"With the prosperity of the Open Source Software, various software   communities are formed and they attract huge amounts of developers to   participate in distributed software development. For such software   development paradigm, how to evaluate the skills of the developers   comprehensively and automatically is critical. However, most of the   existing researches assess the developers based on the   ``Implementation{''} aspects, such as the artifacts they created or   edited. They ignore the developers' contributions in ``Social   collaboration{''} aspects, such as answering questions, giving advices,   making comments or creating social connections. In this paper, we   propose a novel model which evaluate the individuals' skills from both   ``Implementation{''} and ``Social collaboration{''} aspects. Our model   defines four metrics from muti-dimensions, including collaboration   index, technical skill, community influence and development   contribution. We carry out experiments on a real-world online software   community. The results show that our approach can make more   comprehensive measurement than the previous work.",10.1109/TrustCom.2014.14
1071,InProceedings,Multistage Growth Model for Code Change Events in Open Source Software   Development: An Example using Development of Nagios,"In recent years, many open source software (OSS) products have become   popular and widely used in the information technology (IT) business. To   successfully run IT business, it is important to properly understand the   OSS development status. Having a proper understanding of development   status is necessary to evaluate and predict the product quality.   However, the OSS development status is not easy to understand, because   it is often concurrently developed by many distributed contributors, and   its developmental structure is complicated. To aid the understanding of   the development status, there is an approach that models the trend of   source code change events (evolution) with a growth curve. Although an   application of growth curves seems to be a promising approach, there has   been a big issue that a single growth curve is often unsuitable for   modeling the whole evolution because of its complex evolutionary   behavior. This paper proposes a multistage model that divides the whole   development period into some stages, and applies a different growth   curve to a different stage. The empirical investigation in this paper   shows that the switching points of stages have meaningful associations   with the release dates.",10.1109/SEAA.2014.47
1074,Article,"Networks of innovation: tracing the structures of flows among   not-for-profit open source software foundations, philanthropies and   intermediaries, 2004-06","Foundations are said to spark and facilitate innovation in the   non-profit sector. This article offers a structural-institutional   analysis of organisational and technological innovation in the   non-profit sector. The world of free/open source software (F/OSS)   provides the empirical case with which to study how innovation takes   place among organisations and how foundations can contribute to it.   Based on a social network analysis of hyperlinks combined with   qualitative data from interviews and participant observations, the   authors demonstrate how flows of money, knowledge and technology   contribute to innovation within a network. A network consisting of   different kinds of foundations and intermediaries that came together   from 2004 to 2006 provides a unique example of relationships between   foundations and grantees that allowed for the coordination of   innovations without the explicit control of any of its constituent   members. The implications of innovation networks for technology adoption   in the non-profit sector are discussed.",10.1332/204080514X13915102247894
1075,Article,"Nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy   with methotrexate, cisplatin, doxorubicin and ifosfamide. An Italian   Sarcoma Group study (ISG/OS-Oss)","Background. Based on the results of the ISG/OS-1 study, the MAP regimen   (methotrexate {[}MTX], doxorubicin {[}ADM] and cisplatin {[}CDP] with   the addition of ifosfamide {[}IFO] in poor-responder patients) was   investigated in patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the   extremity (ISG/OS-Oss study).   Patients and methods. Compared with the ISG/OS-1 study (cumulative   doses: ADM 420 mg/m(2), MTX 120 g/m(2), CDP 600 mg/m(2), IFO 30 g/m(2)),   the ISG/OS-Oss study reduced the number of MTX cycles from 10 to 5   (cumulative MTX dose: 60 g/m(2)) in order to diminish treatment duration   and toxicity.   Results. From January 2007 to June 2011, 171 patients (median age 16   years, 60\\% males) were registered. The limb salvage rate was 94\\% and   the good pathologic response rate 51\\% (these figures were 92\\% and   48\\%, respectively, in the ISG/OS-1 study). At a median follow-up of 39   months (range, 4-80), the 5-year overall survival rate was 80\\% (95\\%   CI, 73\\%-87\\%) and the event-free survival was 50\\% (95\\% CI,   39\\%-59\\%). For comparison, the 5-year overall and event-free survival   rates in ISG/OS-1 were 73\\% (95\\% CI, 65\\%-81\\%) and 64\\% (95\\% CI,   56\\%-73\\%), respectively.   Conclusions. This study confirms that in nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of   the extremity, conservative surgery in more than 90\\% and a good   pathologic response rate of 50\\% can be expected with primary   chemotherapy based on the MAP regimen. The response and resection rates   in the ISG/OS-Oss study are in the same range as those of the previous   study, whereas the event-free survival is lower than that previously   achieved. Since the only difference between the two studies was the   cumulative dose of postoperatively given MTX, our data support the   importance of the cumulative dose of MTX in the MAP regimen.",10.1177/1778.19262
1076,Article,Numerical study of unsteady cavitation on 2D NACA0015 hydrofoil using   free/open source software,"The free/open source software as OpenFOAM, Salome meshing and python   language under Debian Linux system are evaluated to model unsteady   cavitating turbulent flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil. Based on the   cavitation model proposed by Kunz and large eddy simulation (LES)   method, we denote the benefits of free software and open source tools as   an alternative to proprietary software of computational fluid mechanics,   and provided a modified cavitation model to improve numerical accuracy.   The simulation results of typical break-off cycle for cavitation   shedding are compared to available experimental data, and validated   using image processing to find percentage of similarities. The sheet   cavity frequency of 7.752 Hz was obtained based on cavitation evolution   and pressure fluctuations. The study gives relevant information for CFD   software development in the future.",10.1007/s11434-014-0485-1
1077,Article,ODUN Control Box: a Free Software Tool for Business Management,"Due to the development of new management models, which have increased   the number of targets and indicators towards the effective control and   decision, making dashboards have become necessary tools for successful   development of business management. In the midst of implementing the   Balanced Scorecard in six schools and a faculty in Chimborazo's Superior   Polytechnic School (ESPOCH), has been created a new tool called ODUN,   which is a control panel that has the features to be programmed for Web   platform under a General Public License GNU (GPL), which allows its free   acquisition for to be used in any company. This article talks about the   benefits of ODUN.",NA
1078,InProceedings,Older Adults and Free/Open Source Software: A Diary Study of First-Time Contributors,"The global population is aging rapidly, and older adults are becoming increasingly technically savvy. This paper explores ways to engage these individuals to contribute to free/open source software (FOSS) projects. We conducted a pilot diary study to explore motivations, barriers, and the contribution processes of first-time contributors in a real time, qualitative manner. In addition, we measured their self-efficacy before and after their participation. We found that what drove participants were intrinsic motivations, altruism, and internal values, which differed from previous work with older adults and with the general FOSS population. We also found that self-efficacy did not change significantly, even when participants encountered significant barriers or setbacks. The top 3 barriers were lack of communication, installation issues, and documentation issues. We found that asking for and receiving help, and avoiding difficult development environments were more likely to lead to success. To verify these results, we encourage a future large-scale diary study that involves multiple demographics. Given our pilot study, we recommend that future outreach efforts involving older adults focus on how to effectively communicate and build community amongst older contributors.",10.1145/2641580.2641589
1080,InProceedings,On Older Adults in Free/Open Source Software: Reflections of   Contributors and Community Leaders,"Researchers have investigated the lack of diversity in Free/Open Source   Software (FOSS) communities, but there have been few studies on age   diversity. We interviewed 11 older FOSS contributors and 6 FOSS   community leaders (of any age). This formative study reports on 4 key   findings from those interviews: 1) motivations of older contributors, 2)   benefits and challenges to contribution, 3) older adults' views on   discrimination in FOSS, and 4) ways in which older adults enrich FOSS   communities. We found that older adults' contributions are driven by   intrinsic motivation, altruism, and community identification. In older   adults' most recent contributions, we found that there were more social   than technical challenges to participation. Interestingly, the majority   of older adults claimed to have witnessed discrimination towards others   in FOSS, especially against non-native English speakers and women. This   stands in contrast to what the general male FOSS developer population   reports. Participants identified 10 ways that older adults add value to   FOSS communities. We conclude with guidelines for onboarding older   adults.",NA
1081,InProceedings,On Systems Project Abandonment: An Analysis of Complexity During   Development and Evolution of FLOSS Systems,"Among all the reasons that leads to the success or failure of a   Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) project, understanding the   system's evolution can reveal important pieces of information to open   source stakeholders, helping them to identify what can be improved in   the software system's internal organization. Once software complexity is   one of the most important attributes to determine software   maintainability, controlling its level in the system evolution process   makes the software easier to maintain, reducing the maintainability   costs. Otherwise, uncontrolled complexity makes the maintenance and   enhancement process lengthy, more costly and some times it can   contribute to the system abandonment. This work investigates the   evolution of complexity in discontinued FLOSS projects. After several   analyses, the results showed that inactive FLOSS projects do not seem to   be able to keep up with the extra work required to control the systems   complexity, presenting a different behaviour of the successful active   FLOSS projects.",NA
1083,Article,Open Source Software Implementation of an Integrated Testing Strategy   for Skin Sensitization Potency Based on a Bayesian Network,"An open source implementation of a previously published integrated   testing strategy (ITS) for skin sensitization using a Bayesian network   has been developed using R, a free and open source statistical computing   language. The ITS model provides probabilistic predictions of skin   sensitization potency based on in silico and in vitro information as   well as skin penetration characteristics from a published   bioavailability model (Kasting et al., 2008). The structure of the   Bayesian network was designed to be consistent with the adverse outcome   pathway published by the OECD (Jaworska et al., 2011, 2013). In this   paper, the previously published data set (Jaworska et al., 2013) is   improved by two data corrections and a modified application of the   Kasting model. The new data set implemented in the original commercial   software package and the new R version produced consistent results. The   data and a fully documented version of the code are publicly available   (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/its).",10.14573/altex.1310151
1084,InProceedings,Open Source Software for the Automatic Design of Scaffold Structures for   Tissue Engineering Applications,"Tissue engineering represents a new field aiming at developing   biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue   functions. In this approach, scaffolds provide a temporary mechanical   and vascular support for tissue regeneration while tissue in-growth is   being formed. The design of optimized scaffolds for tissue engineering   is a key topic of research, as the complex macro-and micro-architectures   required for a scaffold depends on the mechanical properties, and the   physical and molecular stimulations of the surrounding tissue at the   defect site. One way to achieve such designs is to create a library of   unit cells ( the scaffold is assumed to be a repeating, tessellating   unit structure), which can be assembled through specific computational   tools proposed by several authors. In this research work, an open source   software tool for the design of scaffolds is presented. (C) 2014 The   Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",10.1016/j.protcy.2014.10.176
1085,Article,Open Source Software to Control Bioflo Bioreactors,"Bioreactors are designed to support highly controlled environments for   growth of tissues, cell cultures or microbial cultures. A variety of   bioreactors are commercially available, often including sophisticated   software to enhance the functionality of the bioreactor. However,   experiments that the bioreactor hardware can support, but that were not   envisioned during the software design cannot be performed without   developing custom software. In addition, support for third party or   custom designed auxiliary hardware is often sparse or absent. This work   presents flexible open source freeware for the control of bioreactors of   the Bioflo product family. The functionality of the software includes   setpoint control, data logging, and protocol execution. Auxiliary   hardware can be easily integrated and controlled through an integrated   plugin interface without altering existing software. Simple experimental   protocols can be entered as a CSV scripting file, and a Python-based   protocol execution model is included for more demanding conditional   experimental control. The software was designed to be a more flexible   and free open source alternative to the commercially available solution.   The source code and various auxiliary hardware plugins are publicly   available for download from   https://github.com/LibourelLab/BiofloSoftware. In addition to the source   code, the software was compiled and packaged as a self-installing file   for 32 and 64 bit windows operating systems. The compiled software will   be able to control a Bioflo system, and will not require the   installation of LabVIEW.",10.1371/journal.pone.0092108
1086,Article,Open Source Textbooks: A Paradigm Derived from Open Source Software,"This work exposes a new paradigm for the creation and publication of   textbooks: open source. The phrase open source is borrowed from the   computer software industry, where the word source has a technical   meaning explained in this paper; open source software is software which   has been developed by many collaborators using the internet to produce a   final product. The contributors receive no financial compensation, yet   there have been many successful open source software projects (Linux,   Open Office, Apache, etc.). Open source textbooks use a similar   financial model; the authors and contributors receive no direct   financial compensation for their work. Contributors are listed in the   produced work as primary author(s), co-authors, contributors, minor   contributors, etc. according to the magnitude of their contribution. The   produced work is available free for users on the internet. This paper   will explain the open source process and will provide justification for   open source as an effective paradigm; it will also present some existing   open source textbook projects, as well as the author's own open source   textbook project.",10.1007/s12109-014-9346-7
1087,Article,Open innovation and within-industry diversification in small and medium   enterprises: The case of open source software firms,"This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software   small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source   software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into   the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on   arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through   interviews with OSS SMEs' top managers to investigate factors that favor   or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the   mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of   firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we   concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access   to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on   100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to   within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to   a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of   software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the   practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to   OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively   associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess   adequate internal technological resources. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.015
1088,Article,Open innovation and within-industry diversification in small and medium enterprises: {The} case of open source software firms,"This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs' top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1089,Article,Open source software and the algorithm visualization community,"Algorithm visualizations are widely viewed as having the potential for   major impact on computer science education, but their quality is highly   variable. We report on the software development practices used by   creators of algorithm visualizations, based on data that can be inferred   from a catalog of over 600 algorithm visualizations. Since nearly all   are free for use and many provide source code, they might be construed   as being open source software. Yet many AV developers do not appear to   have used open source best practices. We discuss how such development   practices might be employed by the algorithm visualization community,   and how they might lead to improved algorithm visualizations in the   future. We conclude with a discussion of OpenDSA, an open-source project   that builds on earlier progress in the field of algorithm visualization   and hopes to use open-source procedures to gain users and contributors.   (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.scico.2013.12.008
1090,Article,Open source software subsidies and network compatibility in a mixed   duopoly,"Open source software (OSS) generally offers a high-quality alternative   to proprietary software (e.g. Linux, Apache, Android, etc.) for many   applications. Although OSS is usually free of charge, its diffusion   remains limited, Should government intervene to promote the diffusion of   OSS, and offer potential adopters some learning or financial support?   This paper examines whether public subsidies for OSS are socially   desirable. and how the extent of compatibility between OSS and   proprietary software (PS) might influence the optimal subsidy offered.   We consider a mixed duopoly model in which a PS company competes with an   OSS community. Users are heterogeneous in their ability to use OSS, and   their utility depends on the number of users who adopt the same or   compatible software (existence of network externalities). Four   situations are distinguished: full compatibility between OSS and PS,   full incompatibility, and one-way compatibility (either only OSS or PS   is compatible). We show that if the government places more weight on   consumer surplus. public subsidies are welfare-enhancing. But the   optimal subsidy level is larger with full compatibility and PS   compatibility than full incompatibility and OSS compatibility. These   results suggest that government policy towards OSS should be conditional   on the degree of compatibility between PS and OSS.",NA
1091,InProceedings,OpenSYMORO: An open-source software package for Symbolic Modelling of   Robots,"This paper presents OpenSYMORO, an open-source software package for   symbolic modelling of robots. This software package is based on previous   work detailed in {[}1]. However, the package in {[}1] was developed   using Wolfram Mathematica and hence required Mathematica license for   use. OpenSYMORO is mainly developed using the Python programming   language and the source code will be publicly available. The new version   provides support to model robots with flexible joints, floating base and   wheeled mobile robots. This is in addition to supporting serial, tree   structure and closed-loop robots. A visualisation tool to view the   structure of the robot is also included.",NA
1092,InProceedings,Optimization of Shifts and On-Call Coverage of Cardiologists Working in   a Hospital Complex Structure by using Free Software,"The organization of shifts and on-call coverage of Cardiologists working   in a hospital complex structure must ensure the availability 24h, full   year, complying with laws and contractual, social and professional   obligations. It faces a `staff scheduling' problem.   The team consists of 16 Cardiologists to ensure daytime and nighttime   guards, a nighttime on-call service, on-call service for full day on   weekends and public holidays and a 24h hemodynamic on-call. Special   situations and exceptions are taken into account.   An original software was developed in Java to input data, generate the   mathematical model and read back the solution, relying on a open SQL   database. The solution is obtained by GUSEK, an open tool to the linear   programming solver GLPK minimizing the sum of the deviations from   individual quotas.   The system generates the shifts monthly. Typical computation time is few   minutes to ensure that a solution exists and few hours to obtain a   highly optimized solution. The system is in use for 22 months. It   provides equal assignment of Cardiologists to each type of shift with   uniform like distribution, avoiding immediate repetition of the same   shift. The software is open source available for download at:   www.arc.fvg.it.",NA
1093,Article,Organizational Strategy Use in Children Aged 5-7: Standardization and   Validity of the Rey Complex Figure Organizational Strategy Score   (RCF-OSS),"This study investigated psychometric properties (standardization and   validity) of the Rey Complex Figure Organizational Strategy Score   (RCF-OSS) in a sample of 217 healthy children aged 5-7 years. Our   results showed that RCF-OSS performance changes significantly between 5   and 7 years of age. While most 5-year-olds used a local approach when   copying the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), 7-year-olds   increasingly adopted a global approach. RCF-OSS performance correlated   significantly, but moderately with measures of ROCF accuracy, executive   functioning (fluency, working memory, reasoning), and non-executive   functioning (visual-motor integration, visual attention, processing   speed, numeracy). These findings seem to indicate that RCF-OSS   performance reflects a range of cognitive skills at 5 to 7 years of age,   including aspects of executive and non-executive functioning.",10.1080/13854046.2014.939228
1094,Article,OxMaR: Open Source Free Software for Online Minimization and   Randomization for Clinical Trials,"Minimization is a valuable method for allocating participants between   the control and experimental arms of clinical studies. The use of   minimization reduces differences that might arise by chance between the   study arms in the distribution of patient characteristics such as   gender, ethnicity and age. However, unlike randomization, minimization   requires real time assessment of each new participant with respect to   the preceding distribution of relevant participant characteristics   within the different arms of the study. For multi-site studies, this   necessitates centralized computational analysis that is shared between   all study locations. Unfortunately, there is no suitable freely   available open source or free software that can be used for this   purpose. OxMaR was developed to enable researchers in any location to   use minimization for patient allocation and to access the minimization   algorithm using any device that can connect to the internet such as a   desktop computer, tablet or mobile phone. The software is complete in   itself and requires no special packages or libraries to be installed. It   is simple to set up and run over the internet using online facilities   which are very low cost or even free to the user. Importantly, it   provides real time information on allocation to the study lead or   administrator and generates real time distributed backups with each   allocation. OxMaR can readily be modified and customised and can also be   used for standard randomization. It has been extensively tested and has   been used successfully in a low budget multi-centre study. Hitherto, the   logistical difficulties involved in minimization have precluded its use   in many small studies and this software should allow more widespread use   of minimization which should lead to studies with better matched control   and experimental arms. OxMaR should be particularly valuable in low   resource settings.",10.1371/journal.pone.0110761
1095,Article,POLYS 2.0: An Open Source Software Package for Building   Three-Dimensional Structures of Polysaccharides,"This article describes an update of POLYS, the POLYSaccharide builder,   for generating three-dimensional structures of polysaccharides and   complex carbohydrates (Engelsen et al., Biopolymers 1996, 39, 417-433).   POLYS is written in portable ANSI C and is now released under an open   source license. Using this software, complex branched carbohydrate   structures and polysaccharides can be constructed from their primary   structure and the relevant monosaccharides stored in database containing   information on optimized glycosidic linkage geometries. The constructed   three-dimensional structures are described as Cartesian coordinate files   which can be used as input to other molecular modeling software. The new   version of POLYS includes a large database of monosaccharides and a   helical generator to build and optimize regular single helix or double   helix structures. To demonstrate the efficiency of POLYS to build   carbohydrate structures, four examples of increasing complexity are   presented in the manuscript, from simple alpha glucans over complex   starch fragments and the double helical structure of amylopectin to the   mega-oligosaccharide RhamnoGalacturonan II. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals,   Inc. Biopolymers 101: 733-743, 2014.",10.1002/bip.22449
1096,InProceedings,PPSi - A Free Software PTP Implementation,"This paper describes a new open source implementation of the Precision   Time Protocol (PTP) {[}1] called PTP Ported To Silicon (PPSi) {[}2]. It   was developed to fill in a niche in the free software world for a PTP   daemon that is easily portable to a wide range of architectures and   highly modular to enable protocol extensions - two key requirements of   its driving force, the White Rabbit (WR) Project {[}3] {[}4]. PPSi's   core protocol code is common for all the supported architectures ranging   from a Linux PC to a soft-core processor running in a Field Programmable   Gate Array (FPGA) - a feature minimizing code duplication, easing   debugging, and facilitating new developments. This paper gives an   overview of PPSi's internals describing design choices as well as the   means of achieving portability and extensibility. A detailed example of   a simulator architecture proves the design advantages. With an   increasing number of supported architectures and a wide use in WR   networks, PPSi is becoming an appealing PTP implementation also outside   of the White Rabbit Community.",NA
1097,Article,PUBLIC POLICIES FOCUSED ON FREE SOFTWARE IN COLLEGE EDUCATION: using   Scribus program in Journalism Course of the Federal University of   Uberlandia,"The paper presents reflections about public policies in communication   and technologies, in particular on the use of microcomputers and   software, which, apparently consolidated, needs analysis in its constant   evolution. The text aims to question the fact that the market develops   proprietary software, as opposed to the collaborationist ideal of the   free software movement, that enables digital inclusion and   participation, which is intended to be adopted through public policies,   extending its use to the public education agencies. It also discusses   the concept of free software and its adoption in college education   through resolutions adopted by the Brazilian state, analyzing the   experience of the Journalism Course at Federal University of Uberlandia   - UFU - on the use of free software Scribus. Methodologically, document   research was used to find the data and information provided by the   federal government and the object institution of the analysis. A   comparison with a similar proprietary software model is made,   highlighting that the use of free software is reliable, allowing to   develop the communitarian and collaborationist spirit needed in the   university environment, expanding the knowledge and not merely the   ``dressage at the pressing of buttons{''}. It is noted, based on the   documents, that the initiative is still seen with resistance and its   use, even in public CEIs (College Education Institutions), needs to be   intensified.",NA
1098,InProceedings,Patterns for the distribution of power in FLOSS projects,"This paper presents two patterns about the government of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects. The first pattern, Single Maintainer, describes the situation where all power in the FLOSS project stems from one individual. The other pattern, Meritocracy, shows how to distribute power based on the project participants' merit for the project.",10.1145/2721956.2721973
1099,Article,Peculiarities of Bone Regeneration in Cases of Bio-Oss® and Autological   Bone Graft Use - Experimental Study,"Background. Bone tissue regeneration remains one of the most important   issues of maxillofacial surgery. Restoration of the native structure of   bone after osteoplasty is directly related to the process of   revascularization, because the growing of blood vessels into the graft   is a precondition for transport of osteogenic cells, growth factors   necessary for further osteogenesis.   Objectives. To determine the peculiarities of bone tissue regeneration   after osteoplasty with BioOss (R) and compare it with autological bone   graft.   Material and Methods. Experimental study was conducted on 60 white rats   (males, aged 6- 8 month, weight 270- 380 g). The area of dorsal surface   of the shinbone was used for implantation. After opening access to the   bone surface, one 2 mm-diameter defect was formed on each shinbone. One   of those bone defects was filled with osteoplastic material and the   opposite was healing under a blood clot. After that the wound in soft   tissues was closed in layer by layer. The osteocalcin level in blood   serum was determined by ELISA employing N-MID Osteocalcin (R) ELISA   (IDS) test system(enzyme immunological test for the quantitative   measurement of osteocalcin). The peculiarities of revascularization were   studied by histologic method. Histologic specimen were stained using   Schmorl technique (thionine with phenol trinitrate) and natural   hematoxylin-eosin.   Results. Mean values of osteocalcin concentration after BioOss   implantation ranged from 2 +/- 0.06 ng/mL to 3.65 +/- 0.09 ng/mL; after   autological bone graft transplant - from 1.88 +/- 0.09 ng/mLto 2.2 +/-   0.09 ng/mL. In the case of Bio-Oss use, the most active   revascularization processes and the highest level of osteocalcin were   registered on day 60. In the case of autological bone graft use, the   quantity of blood vessels increased steadily and equally during the   whole period of the experiment.   Conclusions. According to the obtained results, the use of autological   bone graft and Bio-Oss osteoplastic material increases bone formation   and revascularization activity and improves the bone structure unlike   when healing took place under the blood clot",NA
1100,Article,"Peer Review on Open-Source Software Projects: Parameters, Statistical   Models, and Theory","Peer review is seen as an important quality-assurance mechanism in both   industrial development and the open-source software (OSS) community. The   techniques for performing inspections have been well studied in   industry; in OSS development, software peer reviews are not as well   understood.   To develop an empirical understanding of OSS peer review, we examine the   review policies of 25 OSS projects and study the archival records of six   large, mature, successful OSS projects. We extract a series of measures   based on those used in traditional inspection experiments. We measure   the frequency of review, the size of the contribution under review, the   level of participation during review, the experience and expertise of   the individuals involved in the review, the review interval, and the   number of issues discussed during review. We create statistical models   of the review efficiency, review interval, and effectiveness, the issues   discussed during review, to determine which measures have the largest   impact on review efficacy.   We find that OSS peer reviews are conducted asynchronously by empowered   experts who focus on changes that are in their area of expertise.   Reviewers provide timely, regular feedback on small changes. The   descriptive statistics clearly show that OSS review is drastically   different from traditional inspection.",10.1145/2594458
1103,Article,Periodontal ligament versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in   combination with Bio-Oss scaffolds for ectopic and in situ bone   formation: A comparative study in the rat,"The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic effects of   periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) versus bone marrow mesenchymal   stem cells (BMMSCs) in combination with Bio-Oss scaffolds on   subcutaneous and critical-size defects in the immunodeficient rat   calvarium. PDLSCs and BMMSCs were obtained from the same canine donor.   Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental   groups (n=6 each): group A (no-graft negative control), group B (Bio-Oss   positive control), group C (BMMSC/Bio-Oss test group), and group D   (PDLSC/Bio-Oss test group). Eight weeks post-transplantation, ectopic   and in situ bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography   (mu-CT), histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. The stem   cell/Bio-Oss constructs were significantly superior to the controls in   terms of their ability to promote osteogenesis (p<0.01), while the   PDLSC/Bio-Oss construct tended to be superior to the BMMSC/Bio-Oss   construct. Thus, engineered stem cell/Bio-Oss complexes can successfully   reconstruct critical-size defects in rats, and PDLSCs and BMMSCs are   both suitable as seed cells.",10.1177/0885328214521846
1104,Article,Physicochemical characterization of InterOss® and Bio-Oss® anorganic   bovine bone grafting material for oral surgery - A comparative study,"The anorganic bovine bone grafting materials have been widely used to   fill bone defects in periodontal and maxillofacial surgery. The purpose   of present study was to fully characterize our anorganic bone, InterOss   (R), by physical and chemical methods and to compare it with another   anorganic bone, Bio-Oss (R) that has been commercially distributed in   dental bone graft substitute market since 1995. InterOss (R) anorganic   bone had been successfully prepared by chemical treatment (NaOH and   H2O2) and low temperature (350 degrees C) annealing process with an   extremely low heating rate (<0.3 degrees C min(-1)). Commercially   available Bio-Oss (R) anorganic bone was chosen for comparison. The   physical and chemical analysis indicated that the pore structure,   microstructure, phase structure, and chemical composition of InterOss   (R) is substantially equivalent to that of Bio-Oss (R). The BET analysis   also showed that the inner surface area of InterOss (R) is comparatively   higher than that of Bio-Oss (R). Specially, the protein analysis showed   that the content of residual protein of InterOss (R) is relatively lower   than that of Bio-Oss (R). Based on an equivalency to Bio-Oss (R) in   terms of physical and chemical characterization with both higher inner   surface area and lower residual protein content, the InterOss (R) can be   a promising candidate as dental bone grafting material in periodontal   and maxillofacial surgery. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.03.004
1106,Article,Policy recommendations for public administrators on free and open source   software usage,"Free and open source software, holding a strategic position in knowledge   economy, reaffirms the critical role of governments and regional   authorities in establishing strategies for integrating effective and   sustainable Information Technology solutions in the public sector   towards economic growth and social welfare. Moreover, public services,   organisations and territorial administrations collectively represent a   major software user with great impact on the software market. In this   sense, software selection in the public sector is a highly political and   strategic process: various collateral implications and policy aspects   should be considered in order to reach the best possible decisions.   Within this context, this manuscript provides policy recommendations on   issues and challenges pertaining to the use of free and open source   software by European public administrations. The recommended policy   actions are mainly based on review of the current policy framework. The   main goal of this manuscript is to contribute in providing policy   orientations and proposing actions that can help governments, public   administrations and European institutions fully harvest the benefits of   open source. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.tele.2013.06.003
1108,Article,Predicting Stability of Open-Source Software Systems Using Combination   of Bayesian Classifiers,"The use of free and Open-Source Software (OSS) systems is gaining   momentum. Organizations are also now adopting OSS, despite some   reservations, particularly about the quality issues. Stability of   software is one of the main features in software quality management that   needs to be understood and accurately predicted. It deals with the   impact resulting from software changes and argues that stable components   lead to a cost-effective software evolution. Changes are most common   phenomena present in OSS in comparison to proprietary software. This   makes OSS system evolution a rich context to study and predict   stability. Our objective in this work is to build stability prediction   models that are not only accurate but also interpretable, that is, able   to explain the link between the architectural aspects of a software   component and its stability behavior in the context of OSS. Therefore,   we propose a new approach based on classifiers combination capable of   preserving prediction interpretability. Our approach is   classifier-structure dependent. Therefore, we propose a particular   solution for combining Bayesian classifiers in order to derive a more   accurate composite classifier that preserves interpretability. This   solution is implemented using a genetic algorithm and applied in the   context of an OSS large-scale system, namely the standard Java API. The   empirical results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art   approaches from both machine learning and software engineering.",10.1145/2555596
1110,InProceedings,Predicting the Number of Forks for Open Source Software Project,"GitHub is successful open source software platform which attract many   developers. In GitHub, developers are allowed to fork repositories and   copy repositories without asking for permission, which make contribution   to projects much easier than it has ever been. It is significant to   predict the number of forks for open source software projects. The   prediction can help GitHub to recommend popular projects, and guide   developers to find projects which are likely to succeed and worthy of   their contribution.   In this paper, we use stepwise regression and design a model to predict   the number of forks for open source software projects. Then we collect   datasets of 1,000 repositories through GitHub's APIs. We use datasets of   700 repositories to compute the weight of attributes and realize the   model. Then we use other 300 repositories to verify the prediction   accuracy of our model. Advantages of our model include: (1) Some   attributes used in our model are new. This is because GitHub is   different from traditional open source software platforms and has some   new features. These new features are used to build our model. (2) Our   model uses project information within t month after its creation, and   predicts the number of forks in the month T (t < T). It allows users to   set the combination of time parameters and satisfy their own needs. (3)   Our model predicts the exact number of forks, rather than the range of   the number of forks (4) Experiments show that our model has high   prediction accuracy. For example, we use project information with 3   months to prediction the number of forks in month 6 after its creation.   The correlation coefficient is as high as 0.992, and the median number   of absolute difference between prediction value and actual value is only   1.8. It shows that the predicted number of forks is very close to the   actual number of forks. Our model also has high prediction accuracy when   we set other time parameters.",10.1145/2627508.2627515
1111,InProceedings,Preliminary Empirical Identification of Barriers Faced by Newcomers to Open Source Software Projects,"When newcomers try to join an open source soft-ware (OSS) project, they face many barriers that hinder their first contribution, leading in many cases to their dropping out. Many projects leverage the contribution of outsiders, and the sustainability of the project relies on retaining some of these new-comers. This research aims to identify the barriers that hinder newcomers' onboarding to OSS projects. Our method consisted of a qualitative study conducted with data obtained from four different sources: (i) systematic literature review, (ii) feedback from nine graduate and undergraduate students after they tried to join OSS projects, (iii) 24 responses to a questionnaire sent to 9 OSS projects, and (iv) semi-structured interviews with 36 sub-jects from 14 different projects, including newcomers and experi-enced members. The method to select the candidate papers in the systematic literature review was querying four digital libraries and backward snowballing. The data obtained from the practi-tioners from all three sources, and the primary studies obtained in the systematic review were analyzed using used procedures of Grounded Theory's open and axial coding. The analysis resulted in a conceptual model composed of 58 barriers, grouped into six different categories: cultural differences, newcomers' characteris-tics, reception issues, orientation, technical hurdles, and docu-mentation problems. We could observe recurrent barriers evi-denced in different data sources. We could notice that the onboarding process of a newcomer to an OSS can be a tough task. This research brings empirical support relying on data from different sources, organizes and discusses the existing common wisdom about barriers faced by newcomers to OSS projects, which deserve attention from researchers and OSS communities.",10.1109/SBES.2014.9
1115,Article,QuBiLS-MIDAS: A Parallel Free-Software for Molecular Descriptors   Computation Based on Multilinear Algebraic Maps,"The present report introduces the QuBiLS-MIDAS software belonging to the   ToMoCoMD-CARDD suite for the calculation of three-dimensional molecular   descriptors (MDs) based on the two-linear (bilinear), three-linear, and   four-linear (multilinear or N-linear) algebraic forms. Thus, it is   unique software that computes these tensor-based indices. These   descriptors, establish relations for two, three, and four atoms by using   several (dis) similarity metrics or multimetrics, matrix   transformations, cutoffs, local calculations and aggregation operators.   The theoretical background of these N-linear indices is also presented.   The QuBiLS-MIDAS software was developed in the Java programming language   and employs the Chemical Development Kit library for the manipulation of   the chemical structures and the calculation of the atomic properties.   This software is composed by a desktop user-friendly interface and an   Abstract Programming Interface library. The former was created to   simplify the configuration of the different options of the MDs, whereas   the library was designed to allow its easy integration to other software   for chemoinformatics applications. This program provides functionalities   for data cleaning tasks and for batch processing of the molecular   indices. In addition, it offers parallel calculation of the MDs through   the use of all available processors in current computers. The studies of   complexity of the main algorithms demonstrate that these were   efficiently implemented with respect to their trivial implementation.   Lastly, the performance tests reveal that this software has a suitable   behavior when the amount of processors is increased. Therefore, the   QuBiLS-MIDAS software constitutes a useful application for the   computation of the molecular indices based on N-linear algebraic maps   and it can be used freely to perform chemoinformatics studies. (C) 2014   Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",10.1002/jcc.23640
1116,InProceedings,Quality Assurance for Open Source Software Configuration Management,"Commonly used open source configuration management systems, such as   Puppet, Chef and CFEngine, allow for system configurations to be   expressed as scripts. A number of quality issues that may arise when   executing these scripts are identified. An automated quality assurance   service is proposed that identifies the presence of these issues by   automatically executing scripts across a range of environments. Test   results are automatically published to a format capable of being   consumed by script catalogues and social coding sites. This would serve   as an independent signal of script trustworthiness and quality to script   consumers and would allow developers to be made quickly aware of quality   issues. As a result, potential consumers of scripts can be assured that   a script is likely to work when applied to their particular environment.   Script developers can be notified of compatibility issues and take steps   to address them.",10.1109/SYNASC.2013.66
1117,InProceedings,RESEARCH AND PROMOTION OF FREE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS FOR MASSIVE   OPEN ONLINE COURSES,"The Asmoz Foundation, under the Department of Industry, Innovation,   Commerce and Tourism of the Basque Government, has carried out the   project called ``RESEARCH AND PROMOTION OF FREE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY   PLATFORMS FOR MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES{''} with the aim of examining   the trend in e-Learning from a technological perspective and in   collaboration with the UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country), with   a view to contributing towards its establishment as a valid model for   permanent education in the Basque Autonomous Community; later publishing   and disseminating the conclusions reached to Universities, schools,   education agents and companies.   Results:   In general, the results obtained through the project have been:   - To research and test the different open source online learning   platforms that enable the provision of MOOC-style education.   - To give teachers (indispensable vector) the opportunity to generate   `massive open online courses' by themselves, as this group has few   conceptual and pragmatic references that suggest how to approach the   work from this new perspective.   - To promote the implementation of this new trend in education among   teachers, leading to education free of charge provided by platforms that   are accessible through the Internet and focused on very large groups of   people. MOOCs are usually based on up-to-date material, are focused on   practical aspects and have a curriculum that depends on the interests of   the pupils.   - To study the problems and technological needs that arise when defining   and developing MOOCs.   - To disseminate the study carried out throughout the education   community (Universities, schools, education agents and companies) and to   provide solutions to the extent possible.",NA
1118,InProceedings,"RIT's New Minor in Free and Open Source Software and Free Culture A Five   Year Journey Driven By Student-Centered, Applied Research","This paper briefly describes the five year {[}1] history of Free and   Open Source Software course offerings and projects at RIT and how the   Humanitarian focus of the student work built the foundation for the   minor. It will then discuss the design of the minor, how the required   courses lead to advanced electives via multiple paths, and how it and   prepares students to become contributors and potential project leaders   within their own future Free and Open Source Software and Free Culture   communities.",NA
1119,InProceedings,RIT's new minor in free and open source software and free culture (abstract only),"This poster will briefly show and describe the five year history of FOSS course offerings and projects in the School of Interactive Games and Media that led to the development of the minor and then diagram and describe the Minor's design and content. It will show how the Humanitarian focus of the student work, beginning with the development of educational games for the One Laptop per Child and Sugar communities built a foundation for the minor. It will then discuss the design of the minor, how the required courses leading to advanced electives also prepare students to become contributors and, potentially, project leaders within Free and Open Source Software and Free Culture communities within the students' own academic specializations. It will diagram the paths that both technical and non-technical students can take to succeed in completing the minor.",10.1145/2538862.2544306
1120,Article,Releasing Tools for International Disease Surveillance as Open-Source   Software: A Case Study,"Since the development of tools for the Suite for Automated Global   Electronic bioSurveillance (SAGES) began in 2008, the SAGES team and   sponsor have envisioned the eventual release of these tools as   open-source software to the global public health and technology   communities. Open-source software allows members of the public to study,   customize, and operate their own local copies of the software and source   code, often without monetary fees. As such, releasing SAGES as   open-source software assures prospective users that they retain complete   control over the health data collected by SAGES-based systems, and   aligns well with the model of self-sustainability intended for the   operation of SAGES systems in resource-limited settings. Preparing two   SAGES tools, OpenESSENCE and SAGES Mobile, for release as open-source   software projects entailed a multifaceted, months-long effort that   spanned policy, technical, and community considerations. This article   describes the issues, trade-offs, and decisions that were addressed   leading up to the successful open-source release of OpenESSENCE and   SAGES Mobile in June 2013. The aim of this case study is to inform   future Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and   external efforts to release open-source software.",NA
1122,Article,Resources contributing to gaining competitive advantage for open source   software projects: An application of resource-based theory,"Open Source Software (OSS) is an important asset in today's   software-intensive society. The success of OSS projects is highly   dependent on a number of factors. These factors must be understood and   managed as an OSS project progresses. Thus, project management of an OSS   project has a decisive role in ensuring the success of its software. The   objective of the research is to increase the understanding of the   resources affecting the competitiveness of OSS projects. Herewith, the   responsiveness of OSS projects to users' needs is assessed via an   investigation of the defect-fixing process. A Resource-Based View of the   firm (RBV) is used to build theoretical justifications for a set of   hypotheses proposed in this study. Data gathered from 427 OSS projects   confirmed that developers' interest in and users' contribution to the   project as well as frequently updating and releasing the software affect   the project's ability to gain competitive advantage through effective   defect-fixing. It is also shown that OSS projects that are more popular   and have a higher level of organizational communication than others are   more likely to gain competitive advantage through effective   defect-fixing. Finally, implications of the results for practitioners   and the research community are presented. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. APM and   IPMA. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.03.002
1126,InProceedings,Risk Based Testing of Open Source Software (OSS),"Open Source Software (OSS) has become a strategic asset for a number of   reasons, such as its short timeto-market software service and product   delivery, reduced development and maintenance costs, introduction of   innovative features and its customization capabilities. By 2016 an   estimated 95\\% of all commercial software packages will include OSS   components. This pervasive adoption is not without risks for an industry   that has experienced significant failures in product quality, timelines   and delivery costs. Exhaustive testing of any software system and,   specifically, of open source software components is usually not feasible   due to limitations in time and resources. In risk-based testing approach   test cases are selected and scheduled based on software risk analysis.   This research introduces the strategy of risk-based adaptive testing of   OSS by combining information on the OSS community ecosystem with   risk-driven tests selection and scheduling strategy. A key feature of   the proposed approach is the monitoring and analysis of OSS community   dynamics, including chats and email communications, blogs, repositories   of bugs and fixes, and more. The community and its dynamics are then   monitored to detect anomaly communication between the community members.   Our approach is demonstrated in the XWiki OSS, a Java-based environment   that allows for the storing of structured data and the execution of   server side scripts within the wiki interface. We illustrate our   concepts, methods and approach behind risk based testing.",10.1109/COMPSACW.2014.107
1128,Article,Risk of adopting mission-critical OSS applications: an interpretive case   study,"Purpose - This study aims to explore the process of open source software   (OSS) adoption in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and more   specifically open source enterprise resource planning (ERP) as a   ``mission critical{''} OSS application in manufacturing. It also   addresses the fundamental issue of ERP risk management that shapes this   process.   Design/methodology/approach - The approach is done through an   interpretive case study of a small Canadian manufacturer that has   adopted an open source ERP system.   Findings - Interpreted in the light of the IT risk management, OSS and   packaged application adoption literatures, results indicate that the   small manufacturer successfully managed the adoption process in a rather   intuitive manner, based on one guiding principle and nine practices. In   analyzing the data, diffusion of innovation theory appeared to fit   rather well with the situation observed and to offer rich insights to   explain the mission-critical OSS adoption process.   Research limitations/implications - A single case study of successful IT   adoption should be eventually counterbalanced by future cases considered   to be partial or total failures, using a wider multiple case study   approach for comparative purposes. And this should include alternative   theoretical interpretations and more detailed empirical work on the   extent to which the distinctive features of OSS make its adoption more   or less risk-laden. This initial effort should also be followed by   further research on mission-critical OSS adoption in contexts other than   SMEs (e.g. healthcare organizations) and other than ERP (e.g.   customer-relationship management).   Practical implications - This research confirms that open source is a   credible alternative for SMEs that decide willingly or under external   pressure to adopt a mission-critical system such as ERP. Moreover, it   suggests that a high level of formalization is not always necessary.   Originality/value - The authors argue that rich insights into the   dynamics of the mission-critical OSS adoption process can be obtained by   framing this process within an IT risk management context.",10.1108/IJOPM-03-2012-0117
1132,Article,SAGES Overview: Open-Source Software Tools for Electronic Disease   Surveillance in Resource-Limited Settings,"Disease surveillance, the foundation of public health practice, is   undergoing a revolution driven by advances in information technology.   The past 15 years have seen vast improvements in the collection,   analysis, visualization, and reporting of public health data.   Resource-limited countries have lagged behind because of challenges in   information technology infrastructure and public health resources. The   Suite for Automated Global Electronic bioSurveillance (SAGES) is a   collection of modular, open-source software tools designed to meet the   challenges of electronic disease surveillance in resource-limited   settings. Individual SAGES tools may be used in concert with existing   surveillance applications or en masse for an end-to-end biosurveillance   capability. This flexibility allows for the development of an   inexpensive, customized, and sustainable disease surveillance system.   The ability to rapidly assess anomalous disease activity may lead to   more efficient use of limited resources and better compliance with World   Health Organization International Health Regulations.",NA
1134,Article,SOLVING BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE R: PACKAGE   bvpSolve,"The R package bvpSolve for the numerical solution of Boundary Value   Problems (BVPs) is presented. This package is free software which is   distributed under the GNU General Public License, as part of the R open   source software project. It includes some well known codes to solve   boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and   differential algebraic equations (DAEs). In addition to the packages   already available for solving initial value problems, the new package   now allows non expert users to efficiently solve boundary value problems   in the problem solving environment R.",10.7494/OpMath.2014.34.2.387
1135,Article,STRUCTURAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPORAL DISPERSION IN SOFTWARE   DEVELOPMENT TEAMS: EVIDENCE FROM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECT TEAMS,"Collaboration structure and temporal dispersion (TD) in teams have been   studied independently so far. This study uses Media Synchronicity Theory   (MST) to derive hypotheses positing that the structure of collaboration   networks in distributed teams changes when those teams are more   temporally dispersed. The empirical test of hypotheses using ordinary   least squares with archival data from 230 open source software (OSS)   projects shows that the collaboration structure networks of those OSS   teams that are more temporally dispersed are sparser and more   centralised, and these associations are stronger in those teams   exhibiting higher relative performance. Theoretical and practical   consequences are discussed.",10.1142/S1363919614500303
1136,InProceedings,Selecting Open Source Software Projects to Teach Software Engineering,"Aspiring software engineers must be able to comprehend and evolve legacy   code, which is challenging because the code may be poorly documented,   ill structured, and lacking in human support. These challenges of   understanding and evolving existing code can be illustrated in academic   settings by leveraging the rich and varied volume of Open Source   Software (OSS) code. To teach SE with OSS, however, it is necessary to   select uniform projects of appropriate size and complexity. This paper   reports on our search for suitable OSS projects to teach an introductory   SE course with a focus on maintenance and evolution. The search turned   out to be quite labor intensive and cumbersome, contrary to our   expectations that it would be quick and simple. The chosen projects   successfully demonstrated the maintenance challenges, highlighting the   promise of using OSS. The burden of selecting projects, however, may   impede widespread integration of OSS into SE and other computing   courses.",10.1145/2538862.2538932
1139,InProceedings,Semi-Automation for Ambiguity Resolution in Open Source Software   Requirements,"The critical phase of Requirements Engineering (RE) is an active   research domain for decades. The evolutions in RE over the years have   improved them considerably but still many anomalies exist. It is   especially true for the case of Open Source Software Development (OSSD)   where most informal requirements and communications exist. With growing   problems and extreme participant heterogeneity, the usual methods of   ambiguity resolution do not seem to cater needs of OSSD community. For   this purpose, various interdisciplinary mechanisms can be used to aid   the community members and reach a consensus based agreement along with   reaching unambiguous requirements sets. A framework is proposed for   resolving the burdening problems of OSSD context. Framework components   are discussed in detail to give an overview of developable ambiguity   resolution strategies.",NA
1140,Article,Simulating upgrades of complex systems: The case of Free and Open Source   Software,"Context: The upgrade of complex systems is intrinsically difficult and   requires techniques, algorithms, and methods which are both expressive   and computationally feasible in order to be used in practice. In the   case of FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) systems, many upgrade   errors cannot be discovered by current upgrade managers and then a   system upgrade can potentially lead the system to an inconsistent and   incoherent state.   Objective: The objective of this paper is to propose an approach to   simulate the upgrade of complex systems in order to predict errors   before they affect the real system.   Method: The approach promotes the use of model-driven engineering   techniques to simulate the upgrade of complex systems. The basic idea is   to have a model-based description of the system to be upgraded and to   make use of model transformations to perform the upgrade on a source   model so to obtain a target model representing the state of the upgraded   system.   Results: We provide an implementation of the simulator, which is   tailored to FOSS systems. The architecture of the simulator is   distribution independent so that it can be easily instantiated to   specific distributions. The simulator takes into account also pre and   post-installation scripts that equip each distribution package. This   feature is extremely important since maintainer scripts are full-fledged   programs that are run with system administration rights.   Conclusions: The paper shows the kind of errors the simulator is able to   predict before upgrading the real system, and how the approach improves   the state of the art of package managers while integrated in real Linux   distribution installations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2014.01.006
1141,InProceedings,Small World Characteristics of FLOSS Distributions,"Over the years, Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) distributions   have become more and more complex and recent versions contain tens of   thousands of packages. This has made it impossible to do quality control   by hand. Instead, distribution editors must look to automated methods to   ensure the quality of their distributions.   In the present paper, we present some insights into the general   structure of FLOSS distributions. We notably show that such   distributions have the characteristics of a small world network: there   are only a few important packages, and many less important packages.   Identifying the important packages can help editors focus their efforts   on parts of the distribution where errors will have important   consequences.",10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4\\_30
1142,InProceedings,Social Network Analysis in Open Source Software Peer Review,"Software peer review (aka. code review) is regarded as one of the most   important approaches to keep software quality and productivity. Due to   the distributed collaborations and communication nature of Open Source   Software (OSS), OSS review differs from traditional industry review.   Unlike other related works, this study investigated OSS peer review   processes from social perspective by using social network analysis   (SNA). We analyzed the review history from three typical OSS projects.   The results provide hints on relationships among the OSS reviewers which   can help to understand how developers work and communicate with each   other.",10.1145/2635868.2661682
1144,InProceedings,Software Ontology Design to Support Organized Open Source Software   Development,"In the field of software engineering, a very old and important issue is   how to understand the software. Understanding software means more than   understanding the source code; it also refers to the other facts related   to that particular software. Sometimes even experienced developers can   be overwhelmed by a project's extensive development capabilities. In the   development process, project leaders (PLs) have overall knowledge about   the project and are keenly aware of its vision. Other members have only   partial knowledge of the functions assigned to them. In this research,   we propose a model to design ontology to support software comprehension   and handle issues of knowledge management throughout the development   process. By applying our methodology, understanding software and   managing knowledge can become possible in a systematic way for open   source and commercial projects. Furthermore, it will help beginners   become more involved in a project and contribute to it in a productive   way.",NA
1145,InProceedings,Software architecture model driven reverse engineering approach to open source software development,"Popular Open Source Software (OSS) development platforms like GitHub, Google Code, and Bitbucket take advantage of some best practices of traditional software development like version control and issue tracking. Current major open source software environments, including IDE tools and online code repositories, do not provide support for visual architecture modeling. Research has shown that visual modeling of complex software projects has benefits throughout the software lifecycle. Then why is it that software architecture modeling is so conspicuously missing from popular online open source code repositories? How can including visual documentation improve the overall quality of open source software projects? Our goal is to answer both of these questions and bridge the gap between traditional software engineering best practices and open source development by applying a software architecture documentation methodology using Unified Modeling Language, called 5W1H Re-Doc, on a real open source project for managing identity and access, MITREid Connect. We analyze the effect of a model-driven software engineering approach on collaboration of open source contributors, quality of specification conformance, and state-of-the-art of architecture modeling. Our informal experiment revealed that in some cases, having the visual documentation can significantly increase comprehension of an online OSS project over having only the textual information that currently exists for that project.",10.1145/2656434.2656440
1146,InProceedings,Software population pyramids: the current and the future of OSS development communities,"Context: Since human power is an essential resource, the number of contributors in a software development community is one of the health indicators of an open source software (OSS) project. For maintaining and increasing the populations in software development communities, both attracting new contributors and retaining existing contributors are important. Goal: Our goal is understanding the current status of projects' population, especially the different experienced contributors' composition of the projects. Method: We propose software population pyramids, a graphical illustration of the distribution of various experience groups in a software development community. Results: From the study with OSS projects in GitHub, we found that the shapes of software population pyramids varies depending on the current status of OSS development communities. Conclusions: This paper present a software population pyramid of the distribution of various experience groups in a software community population. Our results can be considered as predictors of the near future of a project.",10.1145/2652524.2652565
1147,InProceedings,Stakeholders' Social Interaction in Requirements Engineering of Open   Source Software,"Requirements engineering (RE) involves human-centric activities that   require interaction among different stake-holders. Traditionally, RE has   been considered as a centralized, collocated, and phase-specific   process. However, in open-source software (OSS) development environment,   the core RE activities are iterative and dynamic and follow a rather   decentralized software engineering paradigm. This crosscutting   characteristic of open-source RE can be conceptualized using the ``Twin   Peaks{''} model that weaves RE together with software architecture.   Although many weaving mechanisms have been proposed in recent years,   lack of theoretical underpinning limits a mechanism's applicability and   usefulness in different scenarios. In this research proposal, we   hypothesize stakeholders' social interaction as an ecologically valid   weaving mechanism of the ``Twin Peaks{''} in open-source RE. We further   outline a concrete research plan to examine the generalizability of this   weaving mechanism for three activities: requirements identification,   requirements implementation, and creativity in RE. Carrying out this   research plan will enable us to gain valuable insights to generate   guidelines for enhancing software engineering practice in relevant   areas.",NA
1148,InProceedings,Stars Matter - How FLOSS Developers' Reputation Affects the Attraction   of New Developers,"The attraction of new developers is a key challenge for initiatives   developing Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). While previous   evaluations consider status gains and competence evaluations to be key   drivers for novices' joining behavior, it is unclear how FLOSS   developers' relationships with others affect the attraction of new   developers. In this research, we look at FLOSS developers' relationships   in terms of positive evaluations given by others. Using this   perspective, we examine how FLOSS developers' reputation among members   within and beyond the project community affects their projects' ability   to attract new developers. We draw on Social Resource Theory (SRT) and   hypothesize that developers with a high reputation among others enjoy   high visibility and credibility, which in turn helps their projects to   attract new members. Finally, we propose an evaluation approach for our   research model that examines the reputation and project behavior of more   than 1,000 FLOSS developers on a longitudinal base.",10.1145/2599990.2599991
1151,InProceedings,Statistical Analysis of Popular Open Source Software Projects and Their   Communities,"Open Source Software (OSS) becomes one of the mainstream software   development methodology competing with commercial and proprietary   software development. One of the distinct characteristics of OSS   projects is the existence group of contributors who joined the project   voluntarily called OSS Communities. In this study, the statistical   analysis of 263 popular OSS Projects and their communities is performed.   The popularity of the OSS Projects is determined from suggestion from   selected websites found from Google search engine. The analysis covers   information such as OSS Project's name, description, category,   repository, community type, number of contributors, and the start year.   There are four important findings of the statistical analysis. First   finding is that most of the category of the OSS Projects is computer and   networking related. The other findings are that most of the project is   in Ad Hoc state and the different trends in the number of contributors   in Foundation and Commercial Company of OSS Communities. The last   finding is that most of the OSS Projects are using Github, Sourceforge   and Ohloh as their source code repositories. These results provide   important insights about the structure and activities of OSS Projects   and their communities.",NA
1152,InProceedings,Steady-State Analysis of Self-Excited Induction Generator Using Scilab   Open-Source Software,"Self-excited induction generators (SEIG) are the most suitable machines   for wind energy production at remote windy area due to many advantages   over gird connected machines. Steady-state analysis is essential to   predict their behaviors under actual operating conditions. In this   paper, the implementation of SEIG steady-state simulation is described   in a step-by-step approach. Scilab, free and open source software, is   mainly used for computational environment to solve nonlinear algebraic   equations describing behavior of the SEIG. The case studies are given to   demonstrate usefulness of the developed approach through investigating   the SEIG steady-state performances with various loading conditions.   Using this approach assists in teaching, facilitates self-learning of   both graduate and undergraduate students, and also helps in better   analysis of induction generator during steady-state operation.",NA
1153,Article,Strategic Principles of Free Software and its Relation with Process   Reengineering,"In the last decades, companies have been forced to restructure their   processes to remain competitive in a globalized world. To achieve this   they had to use strategies which allowed them to reach the minimum   adaptation development and in this way they could face changes imposed   by the market. This has led companies to use process reengineering as a   sustainability alternative. In this work we describe some strategies   based on free software which can be applied in process reengineering to   achieve this goal. In this process is taken into account the emergence   of free software which has allowed companies venturing into new ways of   performing this reengineering because, by means of collaborative work,   they reduced time and costs for many of their processes.",NA
1155,InProceedings,Structural Changes Associated with the Temporal Dispersion of Teams:   Evidence from Open Source Software Projects,"This study relies on Media Synchronicity Theory and Social Network   Analysis to analyze how the structure of collaboration networks change   when collaborating teams become temporally dispersed. The empirical test   of hypotheses using ordinary least squares with archival data from 230   Open Source Software projects shows that the collaboration structure   networks of more temporally dispersed teams are sparser and more   centralized, and these associations are stronger in those teams   exhibiting higher relative performance.",10.1109/HICSS.2014.45
1157,InProceedings,Structuring software engineering learning within open source software participation,"Software engineering students need to understand the major phases of software development such as requirements elicitation, design, etc., as well as the documentation that supports these activities. Students also need to understand the critical need for excellent communication both within development teams as well as with customers, managers, and other stakeholders. Student participation in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects provides an opportunity for students to gain a range of software engineering knowledge and skills via interaction with software professionals. However, many FOSS projects have minimal or incomplete documentation and frequently the documentation that does exist lacks organization. This presentation demonstrates the use of IEEE standard-based document templates within a FOSS project to scaffold student learning.",10.1145/2591708.2602681
1158,Article,Studying the laws of software evolution in a long-lived FLOSS project,"Some free, open-source software projects have been around for quite a   long time, the longest living ones dating from the early 1980s. For some   of them, detailed information about their evolution is available in   source code management systems tracking all their code changes for   periods of more than 15 years. This paper examines in detail the   evolution of one of such projects, glibc, with the main aim of   understanding how it evolved and how it matched Lehman's laws of   software evolution. As a result, we have developed a methodology for   studying the evolution of such long-lived projects based on the   information in their source code management repository, described in   detail several aspects of the history of glibc, including some activity   and size metrics, and found how some of the laws of software evolution   may not hold in this case. (C) 2013 The Authors. Journal of Software:   Evolution and Process published by John Wiley \\& Sons Ltd.",10.1002/smr.1615
1159,Article,Sustainability of Open Source software communities beyond a fork: How   and why has the LibreOffice project evolved?,"Many organisations are dependent upon long-term sustainable software   systems and associated communities. In this paper we consider long-term   sustainability of Open Source software communities in Open Source   software projects involving a fork. There is currently a lack of studies   in the literature that address how specific Open Source software   communities are affected by a fork. We report from a study aiming to   investigate the developer community around the LibreOffice project,   which is a fork from the OpenOffice.org project. In so doing, our   analysis also covers the OpenOffice.org project and the related Apache   OpenOffice project. The results strongly suggest a long-term sustainable   LibreOffice community and that there are no signs of stagnation in the   LibreOffice project 33 months after the fork. Our analysis provides   details on developer communities for the LibreOffice and Apache   OpenOffice projects and specifically concerning how they have evolved   from the OpenOffice.org community with respect to project activity,   developer commitment, and retention of committers over time. Further, we   present results from an analysis of first hand experiences from   contributors in the LibreOffice community. Findings from our analysis   show that Open Source software communities can outlive Open Source   software projects and that LibreOffice is perceived by its community as   supportive, diversified, and independent. The study contributes new   insights concerning challenges related to long-term sustainability of   Open Source software communities. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.1077
1161,Article,Sustainability of {Open} {Source} software communities beyond a fork: {How} and why has the {LibreOffice} project evolved?,"Many organisations are dependent upon long-term sustainable software systems and associated communities. In this paper we consider long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities in Open Source software projects involving a fork. There is currently a lack of studies in the literature that address how specific Open Source software communities are affected by a fork. We report from a study aiming to investigate the developer community around the LibreOffice project, which is a fork from the OpenOffice.org project. In so doing, our analysis also covers the OpenOffice.org project and the related Apache OpenOffice project. The results strongly suggest a long-term sustainable LibreOffice community and that there are no signs of stagnation in the LibreOffice project 33 months after the fork. Our analysis provides details on developer communities for the LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice projects and specifically concerning how they have evolved from the OpenOffice.org community with respect to project activity, developer commitment, and retention of committers over time. Further, we present results from an analysis of first hand experiences from contributors in the LibreOffice community. Findings from our analysis show that Open Source software communities can outlive Open Source software projects and that LibreOffice is perceived by its community as supportive, diversified, and independent. The study contributes new insights concerning challenges related to long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1163,InProceedings,THE IMPORTANCE AND VIABILITY OF FOSS IN VIDEOGAME PRODUCTION,"The free culture and FOSS (Free Open Source Software) movements aren't   new concepts, proof of that is the increasing number of projects   following this kind of philosophy. However common users tend to avoid   FOSS instead of contributing to the betterment of such alternatives to   proprietary solutions. Although people understand philosophy behind such   concepts, they tend to avoid using FOSS in fear of it not meeting their   needs.   A project aiming to prove that free alternatives such as FOSS are a   worthy alternative was born. A videogame was made from the ground up   using only FOSS and Freeware solutions, along with free assets made   available to the community for free, filling the gaps where the team had   no expert to solve (such as sound effects). During the development of   this project, several aspects of the software being used were analyzed   in order to better discern the advantages and disadvantages of using   these free alternatives.",NA
1164,Article,THE STUDY OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COLLABORATIVE USER MODEL BASED ON   SOCIAL NETWORK AND TAG SIMILARITY,"Open source software (OSS) has become a mainstream in software   development, utilizing a global information infrastructure. OSS is a   complicated social process to understand. OSS is a multi-faceted   phenomenon including code, a licensing structure, a community,   development best practices, a method of diffusion. However, the current   OSS collaborative researches place too much emphasis on collaborative   behaviors, but ignore the study on collaborative process. By using the   social network theory to abstract collaborative network topology, this   paper proposes a method for constructing social network model, which   considers both the contact relationship and level of collaboration   between collaborators. Based on the definition of three types of contact   behavior, this paper presents an approach to measuring the contact   relationship intensity. Based on introducing and improving TF-IDF (term   frequency-inverse document frequency), this paper presents the methods   for calculating tag weights and work similarity between collaborators.   Finally, by evaluating the model using data from the OSS   websitewww.Codeplex.com, we verify that our model outperforms   conventional models in both describing and forecasting collaborative   behavior.",NA
1165,Article,Tag recommendation for open source software,"Nowadays open source software becomes highly popular and is of great   importance for most software engineering activities. To facilitate   software organization and retrieval, tagging is extensively used in open   source communities. However, finding the desired software through tags   in these communities such as Freecode and ohloh is still challenging   because of tag insufficiency. In this paper, we propose TRG (tag   recommendation based on semantic graph), a novel approach to discovering   and enriching tags of open source software. Firstly, we propose a   semantic graph to model the semantic correlations between tags and the   words in software descriptions. Then based on the graph, we design an   effective algorithm to recommend tags for software. With comprehensive   experiments on large-scale open source software datasets by comparing   with several typical related works, we demonstrate the effectiveness and   efficiency of our method in recommending proper tags.",10.1007/s11704-013-2394-x
1166,InProceedings,Teaching open source (software) (abstract only),"Integrating Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) into our curricula can provide students with a rich, motivating learning experience that helps them develop technical as well as soft skills. However, integrating FOSS into curricula does have its challenges. This birds-of-a-feather (BoF) seeks to bring together faculty to discuss challenges, share resources, share solutions, and make connections. So, whether you are considering integrating FOSS into a class for the first time, or you are looking for ways to improve what you are already doing, this BoF is for you. Members of the Teaching Open Source (http://teachingopensource.org) and the foss2serve (http://foss2serve.org/) communities will help guide the discussion and be on hand for questions.",10.1145/2538862.2544248
1167,Article,The Business of Open Source Software: A Primer,"This article is meant as a primer for those interested in gaining a   basic understanding of the business of open source software. Thus, we   cover four main areas: i) what motivates businesses to get involved in   open source; ii) common open source licenses and how they relate to   community and corporate interests; iii) issues regarding the   monetization of an open source program; and iv) open source business   models currently employed. This article is particularly suitable for   people who want a general understanding of the business of open source   software; people who want to understand the significant issues regarding   an open source program's potential to generate income; and entrepreneurs   who want to create a company around open source code.",NA
1168,Article,The Impact of Commercial Open Source Software on Proprietary Software   Producers and Social Welfare,"Purpose: A growing number of commercial open source software, based on   community open source, appears in many segments of the software market.   The purpose of this study is to investigate how commercial open source   software affects the pricing (market share or profit) of proprietary   software producer, consumer surplus and social welfare.   Design/methodology: To analyze the impact of commercial open source   software on proprietary software producer, this study constructs two   vertical-differentiation models: the basic model considers proprietary   software only competing with community open source software, and its   extended one considers proprietary software competing with both   community and commercial open source software.   Findings: This study mainly finds that the presence of commercial open   source software can lead to the decrease of the software price and   profit for proprietary software producer, while the consumer surplus and   social welfare will be increased. However, it does not necessarily cause   the decline in the market share for proprietary software producer.   Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is to examine the   effect of commercial open source software on the competitive strategies   of proprietary software producer, consumer surplus and social welfare.",10.3926/jiem.1260
1169,InProceedings,The LIMA Multilingual Analyzer Made Free: FLOSS Resources Adaptation and   Correction,"At CEA LIST, we have decided to release our multilingual analyzer LIMA   as Free software. As we were not proprietary of all the language   resources used we had to select and adapt free ones in order to attain   results good enough and equivalent to those obtained with our previous   ones. For English and French, we found and adapted a full-form   dictionary and an annotated corpus for learning part-of-speech tagging   models.",NA
1170,InProceedings,The Merits of a Meritocracy in Open Source Software Ecosystems,"The Eclipse open source ecosystem has grown from a small internal IBM project to one of the biggest Integrated Development Environments in the market. Open source communities and ecosystems do not follow the standard governance strategies typically used in large organizations. A meritocracy is a frequently occurring form of governance on different levels in open ecosystems. In this paper we investigate how this form of governance influences the health of projects within the Eclipse ecosystem in terms of the amount of commits within each month. We analyzed the hierarchy of Eclipse, how merits are conceptualized within the ecosystem and the effect of the appointments of mentors and project leads on the amount of commits. From our research, we can conclude that this system is not always as fair as it seems; merits are only a benefit in some cases.",10.1145/2642803.2642810
1171,Article,The Social and Ideological Background of Open Source Software   Development,"In the development of info-communication technologies one should study   not only the rule of distinct trends and technological innovation, but   also the social and ideological context of their emergence the sphere of   different values, norms and ideas. A prominent example for the pivotal   role of ideological background of computing is free and open source   development, for it was strongly influenced by its social context from   the beginnings. Here I would like to show mostly through the example of   Ubuntu Linux distribution what kind of social impacts, visions,   expectations were and are present in open source development, and how do   they influence technological development and the concepts of community?   In this article I try to provide an overview on the social context, the   dominant ideas and professional practices behind Linux development from   the 1960s until today.",NA
1172,InCollection,The Three Dimensional Visualization Growth of Bone Tissue in   Microstructure of Surface Analysis Using Drishti Open-Source Software,"Nowadays, computed tomography and three dimensional visualization   provide anatomic images structures with an impressive richness of   anatomical details. They are ubiquitous used in various fields of   medical knowledge. In addition, X-ray microtomography (XMT) next to   standard quantitative computed tomography (QCT) provide data with much   higher spatial resolution. Use them for three dimensional visualization   of the surface of animal tissue for macroscopic and microscopic analysis   of the structure of tissue is a tool of immense possibilities that   successfully is widely use in structural studies of hard tissues. The   research article presents the disadvantages and advantages of the   creation and use of three dimensional visualization of images using   Drishti open-source software on the example of growth of sheep bone   tissue.",10.1007/978-3-319-06593-9\\_9
1174,Article,The application profiles and development characteristics of library Open   Source Software projects,"Purpose - Little is known as to the breadth and diversity of Open Source   Software (OSS) applications for libraries and the development   characteristics that influence the sustainability and success of   projects creating them. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap   by analyzing a large sample of library OSS projects.   Design/methodology/approach - A total of 594 library OSS projects (469   from SourceForge and 125 from Foss4lib) are classified by type and   further differentiated and assessed across a number of criteria   including, but not limited to, sponsorship status, license type, and   development status.   Findings - While various types of library OSS applications were found to   be under development and in use, the results show that there has been a   steady decrease in the number of projects initiated since 2009. Although   sponsorship was significantly positively associated with several   indicators of OSS project success, the proportion of sponsored projects   was relatively small compared to the proportions reported in some other   contexts. In total, 71 percent of the projects have a restrictive   license scheme, suggesting that the OSS ideology is valued among library   OSS projects. The results also indicate that library OSS projects   exhibit several characteristics that differ from the traditional   developer-oriented OSS projects in terms of their technical environment.   Originality/value - This study, as the first of its kind, offers a   broader, more quantitative picture of the state of library OSS   applications as well as the development characteristics of projects   developing them. Several implications for research and practice, and   directions for future research are provided.",10.1108/LHT-09-2013-0127
1178,InProceedings,The hard life of open source software project newcomers,"While onboarding an open source software (OSS) project, contributors face many different barriers that hinder their contribution, leading in many cases to dropouts. Many projects leverage the contribution of outsiders and the sustainability of the project relies on retaining some of these newcomers. In this paper, we discuss some barriers faced by newcomers to OSS. The barriers were identified using a qualitative analysis on data obtained from newcomers and members of OSS projects. We organize the results in a conceptual model composed of 38 barriers, grouped into seven different categories. These barriers may motivate new studies and the development of appropriate tooling to better support the onboarding of new contributors.",10.1145/2593702.2593704
1180,Article,The {Emergence} of an {Organizational} {Field}: {The} {Case} of {Open} {Source} {Software},"Institutional theory offers a very powerful lens to understand and explain societal phenomena. In the context of innovation and technology, this perspective provides insights that complement the understandings derived from a focus on just technology or economics. Adopting this standpoint, this paper examines the emergence of the organizational field of open source software as a response to the norms of propriety software that were unacceptable to many passionate software researchers and programmers. The context of software product development has some unique characteristics that separates it from other industries. First, software products are information goods. In general, information goods have very high fixed costs of development and low marginal costs of reproduction which often leads to market inefficiencies. Second, IP protection has the potential to exaggerate the problem of market inefficiencies. Third, software is an input and also an output of the production function and IP protection has the potential to make the cost of software products prohibitively high. Fourth, the Internet has created the potential for the larger society to participate in the production process. These features of the software industry influence the dynamics among software professionals and orgnizations creating a distinctive context which can be better understood through the lens of institutional theory.According to institution theory, organizations seek to obtain legitimacy, which goes beyond technological or economic performance, by conforming to institutional requirements in a context. There are three forms of legitimacy. Pragmatic legitimacy, based on regulative requirements, is acquired by complying with the legal and regulative rules in the organizational field. Moral legitimacy, based on normative requirements, is obtained by ensuring that the activities of an organization promote societal good or welfare. Finally, cognitive legitimacy is derived from the extent to which the activities of an organization mesh with the taken-for-granted norms in the larger context. While institutions are normally sustained for long, they do experience change. Institutional change is driven by institutional entrepreneurs who create, maintain, and disrupt the practices that are considered legitimate, and challenge the boundaries that demarcate one field from another.The findings of this study capture the intricate dynamics and interactions among institutional requirements, software professionals and organizations that led to the norms of the institution of propriety software being challenged. It suggests that the process of institutional change can lead to the creation of a new alternate organizational field leaving the original field largely untouched. This paper contributes to the understanding of the software industry and suggests implications for other industries that produce information goods.",10.1177/0256090920140211
1182,Article,The {Governance} and {Control} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {JMIS},"A comprehensive set of governance mechanisms and dimensions were investigated to identify combinations of mechanisms that are effectively used together in on-going volunteer-based open source software (OSS) projects. Three configurations were identified: Defined Community, Open Community, and Authoritarian Community. Notably, Defined Community governance had the strongest coordination and project climate and had the most extensive use of outcome, behavior, and clan control mechanisms (controller driven). The controls in the Defined Community governance configuration appear to effectively enable open, coordinated contribution and participation from a wide variety of talented developers (one of the virtues of open source development) while managing the development process and outcomes. The results add to our theoretical understanding of control in different types of information systems projects, as the combination of control modes found in OSS projects is different from those found in previous research for internal or outsourced information systems development projects. This could be due to unique features of OSS projects, such as volunteer participation and the controller being part of the development team. The results provide guidance for practitioners about how to combine 19 identified governance mechanisms into effective project governance that stimulates productive participation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]",NA
1183,InProceedings,Theorizing Modes of Open Source Software Development,"Open Source Software (OSS) development is distributed across actors and   artifacts and involves translating diffuse representations into distinct   sets of contiguous code artifacts. Despite the highly distributed and   dynamic nature of OSS development, it is often described in unitary,   monolithic terms - an unfortunate situation which masks considerable   variance across OSS development processes. Therefore we explore reasons   for systematic variance in these processes so as to enable more   effective OSS development practices. Drawing on theory of distributed   cognition, we develop a language of cognitive translations, which occur   within and across distributed social arrangements and structural   conditions of sharing knowledge. This language provides   micro-foundations for understanding how different modes of OSS   development emerge. Through examining how generative characteristics of   social and structural distributions in OSS shape distinct development   pathways, we propose a theoretically derived typology explaining the   characteristics, dynamics, and conditions for success of different modes   of OSS development.",10.1109/HICSS.2014.560
1187,InProceedings,Towards Mining Norms in Open Source Software Repositories,"Extracting norms from computer-mediated human interactions is gaining   popularity since huge volume of data is available from which norms can   be extracted. Open source communities offer exciting new application   opportunities for extracting norms since such communities involve   developers from different geographical regions, background and cultures.   Investigating the types of norms that exist in open source projects and   their efficacy (i.e. the usage of norms) in enabling smoother   functioning however has not received much attention from the normative   multi-agent systems (NorMAS) community. This paper makes two   contributions in this regard. First, it presents norm compliance results   from a case study involving three open source Java projects. Second, it   presents an architecture for mining norms from open source projects. It   also discusses the opportunities presented by the domain of software   repositories for the study of norms. In particular, it points towards   how norms can be mined by leveraging and extending prior work in the   areas of Normative Multi-Agent Systems (NorMAS) and mining software   repositories.",10.1007/978-3-642-55192-5\\_3
1188,InProceedings,Trends in Open Source Software Adoption in Indian Educational   Institutions,"The Indian educational system caters to a diverse population. This   diversity adds to the complexity and hence requires the support of   technology to reach out to the masses. The Government has launched a lot   of initiatives for the adoption of technology in education. Despite   these efforts, there has been a gap in the actual adoption. In this   paper we present the results of our study of current trends in the use   of technology in academic institutions. We specially focus on openness   to Open Source Software usage and try to understand the factors that   influence educational institutions against open source software   adoption.",10.1109/T4E.2014.26
1190,Article,Ultrafiltration recovery of sericin from the alkaline waste of silk   floss processing and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis,"This study was designed to improve the traditional scouring procedure   using a solution of sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, H2O2, surfactant   etc. as a refining agent for degumming machine-drawn raw silk sheet   (RSS) and raw silk from the cocoon shell of the silkworm Bombyx mori.   The RSS was scoured firstly in strongly alkaline electrolyzed water   (SAEW, pH >= 11.5) consisting mainly of hydroxyl ions by boiling for 30   min and then treated by the traditional scouring procedure (without   alkaline compounds), resulting in refined silk floss. The recycled SAEW   containing sericin was separated by ultrafiltration into a retentate   with a range of high molecular mass values accounting for 10\\% (w/w) of   the cocoon shell and the filtrate was separated by nanofiltration into a   purified H2O filtrate and a retentate containing oligopeptides and free   amino acids, which can be used directly as food additives or in   biological growth media. The ultrafiltration retentate was hydrolyzed by   papain under three different conditions into three groups of sericin   peptides with high, middle or low molecular mass. Sodium dodecyl   sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel permeation   high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) showed the molecular   mass of these sericin peptides was in the range 0.2-60, 0.2 -30 and   0.2-15 kDa. These clean products have a variety of applications,   including coating materials for surface modification, cell culture media   and food additives. The procedure described here could be applied to the   manufacture of silk floss quilts and the process of refining raw silk,   which results in three clean products of the silk protein fibroin (i.e.   stripped of sericin) and reduces environmental pollution from scouring   waste containing sericin. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.068
1191,Article,Uncovering the relationship between OSS user support networks and OSS   popularity,"The open source model of software development has become an attractive   alternative to the traditional proprietary approach. However, the   incomplete understanding of the phenomenon has continued to prompt   researchers to investigate factors that could increase the use and   popularity of open source software (ass). While a key antecedent for OSS   use highlighted in the previous literature is the software quality, we   propose that effective online user support is also necessary to increase   its popularity. As an understudied area, this paper seeks to understand   the role of online user support networks in facilitating OSS use. Based   on the network embeddedness theory, it suggests that properties of the   user support network i.e., variation in structural and junctional   embeddedness, measured as the in-degree and betweenness centralizations   respectively, would affect OSS popularity in terms of the number of   active users and downloads of the software. Testing on a sample of 176   OSS projects from Sourceforge.net, we showed that a negative quadratic   relationship exists between the variation in structural embeddedness of   the OSS user support network and the software popularity. Further, as   hypothesized, the variation in junctional embeddedness was found to   positively impact the OSS popularity. Theoretical and practical   implications of the study are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2014.05.014
1192,Article,Uncovering the relationship between {OSS} user support networks and {OSS} popularity,"The open source model of software development has become an attractive alternative to the traditional proprietary approach. However, the incomplete understanding of the phenomenon has continued to prompt researchers to investigate factors that could increase the use and popularity of open source software (OSS). While a key antecedent for OSS use highlighted in the previous literature is the software quality, we propose that effective online user support is also necessary to increase its popularity. As an understudied area, this paper seeks to understand the role of online user support networks in facilitating OSS use. Based on the network embeddedness theory, it suggests that properties of the user support network i.e., variation in structural and junctional embeddedness, measured as the in-degree and betweenness centralizations respectively, would affect OSS popularity in terms of the number of active users and downloads of the software. Testing on a sample of 176 OSS projects from Sourceforge.net, we showed that a negative quadratic relationship exists between the variation in structural embeddedness of the OSS user support network and the software popularity. Further, as hypothesized, the variation in junctional embeddedness was found to positively impact the OSS popularity. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.",NA
1193,Article,Understanding group maintenance behavior in Free/Libre Open-Source   Software projects: The case of Fire and Gaim,"In this paper, we investigate group maintenance behavior in   community-based Free/Libre Open-Source Software (FLOSS) development   teams. Adopting a sociolinguistic perspective, we conceptualize group   maintenance behavior as interpersonal communication tactics   specifically, social presence and politeness tactics that help maintain   relationships among group members. Developer email messages were   collected from two FLOSS projects with different development statuses,   and their content was analyzed to identify frequently used group   maintenance tactics. We then compared the group maintenance tactics used   in the two projects, finding differences that reflect changes in the   project work practices. Our work theoretically contributes to FLOSS   research and has practical implications for FLOSS practitioners. (C)   2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.im.2014.02.001
1195,InProceedings,Utilization and Development Contribution of Open Source Software in Japanese IT Companies: An Exploratory Study of the Effect on Business Growth,"The usage of Open Source Software (OSS) has been more general these days and OSS are utilized in a wide range of business fields not only IT industries. Behind the expansion, there exist OSS development communities, where voluntary engineers dedicate their time and effort for the improvement. Considering development engineers in the companies as input resources, it is important to investigate the output of business growth. In this study, we conducted questionnaire survey to Japanese IT companies in 2013, and then analyzed the present state and relation between OSS utilization and development contribution. Our study revealed that Japanese IT companies are rather free riders of OSS, the volume of development contributions are far less than that of utilization. With regard to the effect on the business growth, the results of correlation analysis implicate that OSS utilization is related to the sales growth in the present term and that development contribution is related to the future growth of the employee number in the company. In order to explore the direct effect on the business growth, we constructed the models of multiple-logistic and logistic analyses, however, no direct and explicit determinants are found from the results of the analyses. Our research endeavors to investigate the OSS effect on the business growth are still on the way, but it is meaningful to provide the present state in numbers and hopefully this will lay some foundation for further study in this field.",10.1145/2641580.2641588
1196,InProceedings,Valuation and Selection of OSS with Real Options,"The selection of Open Source Software (OSS) applications is a complex   and difficult task. The evolving nature of OSS with constant updates, as   well as the vast number of available projects hampers the selection   process. Advancements in evaluation methods offer assistance in   measuring various quality aspects, but do not examine the financial   implications of risks and uncertainties imposed by the frequent   updates/modifications and by the dynamics of the OSS communities. We   perceive the OSS applications as assets capable of generating value upon   selection. The objective is to discover the uncertainty factors   affecting the overall value, to measure the quality evolution and   finally to quantify the expected generated utility value of the OSS   candidates.",NA
1197,InProceedings,When Are OSS Developers More Likely to Introduce Vulnerable Code   Changes? A Case Study,"We analyzed peer code review data of the Android Open Source Project   (AOSP) to understand whether code changes that introduce security   vulnerabilities, referred to as vulnerable code changes (VCC), occur at   certain intervals. Using a systematic manual analysis process, we   identified 60 VCCs. Our results suggest that AOSP developers were more   likely to write VCCs prior to AOSP releases, while during the   post-release period they wrote fewer VCCs.",NA
1198,Article,"Workflow for High-content, Individual Cell Quantification of Fluorescent   Markers from Universal Microscope Data, Supported by Open Source   Software","Advances in understanding the control mechanisms governing the behavior   of cells in adherent mammalian tissue culture models are becoming   increasingly dependent on modes of single-cell analysis. Methods which   deliver composite data reflecting the mean values of biomarkers from   cell populations risk losing subpopulation dynamics that reflect the   heterogeneity of the studied biological system. In keeping with this,   traditional approaches are being replaced by, or supported with, more   sophisticated forms of cellular assay developed to allow assessment by   high-content microscopy. These assays potentially generate large numbers   of images of fluorescent biomarkers, which enabled by accompanying   proprietary software packages, allows for multi-parametric measurements   per cell. However, the relatively high capital costs and   overspecialization of many of these devices have prevented their   accessibility to many investigators.   Described here is a universally applicable workflow for the   quantification of multiple fluorescent marker intensities from specific   subcellular regions of individual cells suitable for use with images   from most fluorescent microscopes. Key to this workflow is the   implementation of the freely available Cell Profiler software(1) to   distinguish individual cells in these images, segment them into defined   subcellular regions and deliver fluorescence marker intensity values   specific to these regions. The extraction of individual cell intensity   values from image data is the central purpose of this workflow and will   be illustrated with the analysis of control data from a siRNA screen for   G1 checkpoint regulators in adherent human cells. However, the workflow   presented here can be applied to analysis of data from other means of   cell perturbation (e.g., compound screens) and other forms of   fluorescence based cellular markers and thus should be useful for a wide   range of laboratories.",10.3791/51882
1199,Article,{ABCD} open source software for managing {ETD} repositories,"Purpose              - The purpose of this paper is to give technical information about the application of ABCD open source software for managing institutional repository of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) at various levels with illustrations.              Design/methodology/approach              - Practical method and programming in the ABCD software for building ETD repository and its management              Findings              - ABCD software is an excellent tool for creating institutional repository (IR) and manages it at various levels and to create ETD portal.              Practical implications              - The paper describes using ABCD software how one can create database of ETDs, how to submit ETDs in full text or abstract, how to search, how to implement it in open archive environment and simplicity of making union catalogue of ETD repositories on one platform of ABCD portal.              Social implications              - The process of ETD management and IR building using ABCD open source software will be useful to all the new institutions, colleges, universities, national libraries, international organizations who want to initiate the process of building ETD repository.              Originality/value              - The development team of ABCD software is still in process of releasing 2.0 versions and to develop tool for IR and ETD management. In this paper attempt has been made to describe with illustrations that how the software is making progress towards ETD management or building IR. One of the author is main project leader of ABCD open source software.",10.1108/LM-08-2013-0072
1200,Article,{SOCIAL} {CAPITAL} {CHARACTERISTICS} {OF} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE} {OPINION} {LEADERS},"Open Source Software (OSS) has been proved to benefit organizations in many aspects. Given the importance of OSS opinion leaders in influencing organizational adoption of OSS, I set out to identify the characteristics differentiating OSS opinion leaders and non OSS opinion leaders, so as to locate the OSS opinion leaders and better leverage their influences. Specifically, I posit that within an organization 's IT department, OSS opinion leaders should have different social network profiles in terms of degree of centrality, betweenness, closeness and in-degree centrality from their peers who are not OSS opinion leaders. I also postulate that differences exist in the two groups' demographic characteristics such as age, educational level, tenure in organization, position in organization, and personality profiles such as openness and extraversiOn. A field survey using Social Network Analysis technique was carried out to test the hypotheses. Based on the findings, important theoretical and practical implications are identified.",NA
1203,Article,'{Hybrid}' open source software virtual communities of practice - a conceptual framework,"'Hybrid' open source software communities are conducive to knowledge integration and innovation, and can be seen through a community of practice lens. In this paper, we develop an integrated process theory of structural attributes and social mechanisms of hybrid virtual communities. We offer a dynamic view of knowledge integration and innovation in such communities. We also emphasise the multi-faceted nature of virtual communities and identify factors that regulate participation and sustain such communities. This has implications for theorising about knowledge integration and innovation in hybrid virtual settings. Finally, virtual ethnography and multi-level research are suggested for future research.",10.1080/09537325.2015.1019452
1205,Article,<i>Instrumentino</i>: An Open-Source Software for Scientific Instruments,"Scientists often need to build dedicated computer-controlled   experimental systems. For this purpose, it is becoming common to employ   open-source microcontroller platforms, such as the Arduino. These boards   and associated integrated software development environments provide   affordable yet powerful solutions for the implementation of hardware   control of transducers and acquisition of signals from detectors and   sensors. It is, however, a challenge to write programs that allow   interactive use of such arrangements from a personal computer. This task   is particularly complex if some of the included hardware components are   connected directly to the computer and not via the microcontroller. A   graphical user interface framework, lnstrumentino, was therefore   developed to allow the creation of control programs for complex systems   with minimal programming effort. By writing a single code file, a   powerful custom user interface is generated, which enables the automatic   running of elaborate operation sequences and observation of acquired   experimental data in real time. The framework, which is written in   Python, allows extension by users, and is made available as an open   source project.",10.2533/chimia.2015.172
1206,Article,<i>ShrinkShape2:</i> A FOSS toolbox for computing rotation-invariant   shape spectra for characterizing and comparing polygons,"Delineation of geographic space partitions landscapes into regions that   express relative homogeneity within those delineated regions and many   efforts exist to analyze the resulting shapes that these delineations   produce. There is a desire to establish means by which the shapes of   planar polygons can be measured, characterized, and compared. I present   the ShrinkShape2 toolbox, a completely redesigned set of end-user tools   (an advancement of its precursor ShrinkShape) that is implemented   seamlessly in the free and opensource R and SAGA GIS environments. This   free, efficient, and accessible environment provides a multidimensional,   rotation invariant, scale-controlled method for characterizing and   comparing planar shapes and tools for visualizing results. ShrinkShape2   incrementally buffers polygons internally until the point of extinction;   at each shrinking phase a series of summary metrics are computed to form   spectra of index values that characterize general characteristics of   shape structure and complexity. Demonstrations with simple synthetic   shapes, political boundary maps, and a sample sub-Arctic pond   demonstrate the ability to assess boundary complexity, pinch-points, and   identify holes within larger shapes. For perfectly convex and compact   shapes, perimeter decompositions will decrease linearly and area   decompositions will decrease according to one limb of a second-order   polynomial function relative to the cumulative shrinking distance.   Keywords: polygons, shrinking spectra, R-project, SAGA, shape",10.1111/cag.12222
1207,InProceedings,A Lightweight Implementation of Obstruction-Free Software Transactional   Memory,"Software transactional memory (STM) has evolved as an alternative for   traditional lock-based process synchronization. It promises greater   degree of concurrencyand faster execution. This paper proposes a simple,   lightweight, and yet efficient implementation of OFTM. The major   contribution of the paper is in proposing a new STM algorithm that uses   simple data structure. This does not require any contention manager   toward ensuring progress condition, atomicity, and serializability of   transactions besides maintaining data consistency. Experimental   simulation on random data set establishes the merit of the proposed   solution.",10.1007/978-81-322-1988-0\\_5
1208,Article,A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Open Source Software Project   Characteristics on Positive Outcomes,"This article formulates and tests a set of hypotheses about the success   of open source software projects with respect to market penetration and   human resource attraction. The authors collected data from 1025 open   source software projects in a longitudinal study. The cross-sectional   results show that the extent of a project's operating systems, the range   of translated languages, programming languages, and project age   positively impact OSS projects' positive outcomes with respect to market   penetration and human resource attraction.",10.1080/10580530.2015.1079999
1209,InProceedings,A Qualitative Study on the Adoption of Open Source Software in   Information Technology Outsourcing Organizations,"The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of Outsourcing on   Open source software (OSS) and further investigate the factors that   impact the adoption of OSS in global Information Technology (IT)   outsourcing organizations serviced by Indian IT services providers. This   exploratory research adopted positivism research philosophy and   qualitative approach. An in-depth interview was conducted with ten   participants across IT outsourcing organizations, IT service providers,   and OSS service providers. The results show that IT outsourcing was not   found to have an impact on OSS adoption. However, eight factors   including management support and OSS support availability was identified   to influence OSS adoption. IT services providers can utilize this   research model to increase their understanding of why some IT   outsourcing organizations choose to adopt OSS, while seemingly similar   ones facing similar market conditions do not.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_10
1210,InProceedings,A Study on Growth Model of OSS Projects to estimate the stage of   lifecycle,"The products of Open Source Software (OSS) projects are widely used even   in commercial mission-critical and high-availability systems. This is   because both the quality of these software products is high enough for   these applications and the support of software could fulfill the   requirement. In general, when one wants to adopt OSS as a part of   computer systems, it is required to examine the functional requirement   (FR) for the OSS as well as nonfunctional requirement (NFR).   In the previous paper, we focused on NFR of OSS and proposed an   evaluation method based on the maturity model of OSS community. Based on   the model, we tried to evaluate four major OSS communities. For the   evaluation, we used human knowledge of targeted OSS community. However   it was not clear how to evaluate individual OSS project in OSS   community.   In this paper, we focused on continuity of OSS project, as it is one of   the most important factors for users to make a decision. In order to   evaluate continuity, we proposed a growth model of OSS project, which is   based on the size and activity of OSS Project. We evaluated the growth   model using information retrieved from OSS communities from both OSS   community sites and source code repositories. (C) 2015 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.142
1211,Article,A model-driven approach to detect faults in FOSS systems,"Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) Linux distributions are among the   most complex modern software systems. They are made of thousands of   components (software packages) evolving rapidly without centralized   coordination. The upgrade of FOSS systems is managed by meta-installers,   which solve package dependencies and conflicts and lead the system to a   new system configuration by installing or removing packages. Current   tools are able to predict a very limited set of upgrade faults before   deployment, and this leaves a wide range of faults unpredicted. In this   paper, we focus on faults that remain unpredicted, for example, missing   packages, packages that are not properly installed, and missing   services, with the aim of providing a solution for them. Specifically,   in this paper, we propose a model-driven approach and supporting tools   to prevent specific classes of system configuration faults before   performing the real upgrade. Once the system configuration is   represented as a model, the configuration model is evaluated by means of   queries, each devoted to discover a specific class of faults. The   approach is intrinsically extensible so that user communities can add   new queries when new classes of faults are identified. The approach has   been validated by executing the fault detector on configuration models   in which faults have been intentionally injected and by analyzing   produced results. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/smr.1716
1212,InProceedings,A multiple case study of small free software businesses as social   entrepreneurships,"Free/libre and open source software are frequently described as a single   community or movement. The difference between free software and open   source ideology may influence founders, resulting in different types of   companies being created. Specifically, the relationship between   free/libre software ideology and social entrepreneurships is   investigated. This paper presents seven case studies of businesses, five   of which were founded by people who identify with the free/libre   software movement. The result is a theory that small businesses founded   by free/libre software advocates have three characteristics of social   entrepreneurships. First, social benefit is prioritized over wealth   creation. Second, the business's social mission is not incidental but is   furthered through its for-pro fit activities, rather than supported by   the company's profits. Third, the company's success is de fined in part   by the success of its social mission. Free/libre software entrepreneurs   who recognize their activities as social entrepreneurships can bene fit   from the existing literature on the unique challenges faced by   socially-oriented businesses.",10.1145/2788993.2789830
1217,InProceedings,AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION OF ORTOPHOTOS IN URBAN AREAS USING UAVS AND OPEN   SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Nowadays, the photogrammetric use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in   several areas is a reality that grows from day to day in several market   areas. In such areas, ranging from environmental monitoring to precision   agriculture, the ortophotos are the most commonly requested digital   photogrammetric product. In fact, by using a GIS platform, the   ortophotos can enable the integration of radiometric and spectral image   data with the geographic and cartographic data and allow us to expand   the spatial analysis to other types of attribute data. In this paper we   present a methodology for the automatic production of ortophotos in   urban areas by using UAVs and open source photogrammetric software. The   potential and limits of this technology are assessed in the context of   updating a municipal spatial database. The results show that the   synergistic use of UAVs and open source photogrammetric software can be   effectively used to produce ortophototos of small urban areas with an   excellent quality/price ratio.",10.14195/978-989-26-0983-6\\_42
1218,Article,Adopting open source software in public administration: The importance   of boundary spanners and political commitment,"Open source software (OSS) adoption in public administrations around the   world has been uneven. Despite the substantive economic and   efficiency-related implications of OSS adoption, there is surprisingly   little research into the determinants of the diffusion of OSS across   public sector jurisdictions. In this article we explore the variation in   OSS adoption among Dutch local administrations. The Dutch central   government adopted a policy to stimulate the use of OSS in the public   sector, but the non-mandatory character of the policy resulted in great   differences in the degree of adoption of OSS at the local level. Using   data from a new survey of municipalities in the Netherlands and   proportional odds statistical models to analyze the data, we show that   the degree of OSS adoption crucially depends on the presence of boundary   spanners and political commitment within the local government On the   other hand, oft-suspected factors like financial stress and jurisdiction   size have no discernible effects. Our findings have implications for   understanding the spread of OSS in the public sector and for public   policies designed to encourage OSS diffusion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.giq.2015.01.004
1219,Article,Adoption of OSS components: A goal-oriented approach,"Open Source Software (OSS) has become a strategic asset for a number of   reasons, such as short time-to-market software delivery, reduced   development and maintenance costs, and its customization capabilities.   Therefore, organizations are increasingly becoming OSS adopters, either   as a result of a strategic decision or because it is almost unavoidable   nowadays, given the fact that most commercial software also relies at   some extent in OSS infrastructure. The way in which organizations adopt   OSS affects and shapes their businesses. Therefore, knowing the impact   of different OSS adoption strategies in the context of an organization   may help improving the processes undertaken inside this organization and   ultimately pave the road to strategic moves. In this paper, we propose   to model OSS adoption strategies using a goal-oriented notation, in   which different actors state their objectives and dependencies on each   other. These models describe the consequences of adopting one such   strategy or another: which are the strategic and operational goals that   are supported, which are the resources that emerge, etc. The models rely   on an OSS ontology, built upon a systematic literature review, which   comprises the activities and resources that characterize these   strategies. Different OSS adoption strategy models arrange these   ontology elements in diverse ways. In order to assess which is the OSS   adoption strategy that better fits the organization needs, the notion of   model coverage is introduced, which allows to measure the degree of   concordance among every strategy with the model of the organization by   comparing the respective models. The approach is illustrated with an   example of application in a big telecommunications company. (C) 2015   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.datak.2015.06.007
1220,InProceedings,Adoption of open source software: A study on the information technology sector in Minas Gerais,"Although the use of open-source software (OSS) is a reality for information-technology companies, there has been little academic research on the factors impacting the process by which OSS is adopted, the way OSS is adopted, and the business models as employed. The TOE (Technology, Organization and Environment) framework has been used to study the influence of technological, organizational, and environmental factors considered by companies when adopting OSS. In this work, we collected data through online surveys answered by workers in IT companies in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposed model for determining the impact of each factor on the adoption of OSS and on the business model practiced by IT companies was evaluated by using structural equations. The results show that three groups of factors impact the way of OSS adoption. Organizational and technological factors are the most relevant, whereas for business models only environmental factors are relevant. The most relevant technological factor identified is ""reduced hardware and software costs""; the most relevant organizational factor is ""flexibility of IT structure""; and the most relevant environmental factor is ""reports of successful use of OSS"". We verified that IT companies in Minas Gerais use OSS in software development, either by incorporating OSS components into their software products or by employing OSS tools for software development.",NA
1221,InProceedings,Aligning Business Goals and Risks in OSS Adoption,"Increasing adoption of Open Source Software (OSS) requires a change in   the organizational culture and reshaping IT decision-makers mindset.   Adopting OSS software components introduces some risks that can affect   the adopter organization's business goals, therefore they need to be   considered. To assess these risks, it is required to understand the   socio-technical structures that interrelate the stakeholders in the OSS   ecosystem, and how these structures may propagate the potential risks to   them. In this paper, we study the connection between OSS adoption risks   and OSS adopter organizations' business goals. We propose a model-based   approach and analysis framework that combines two existing frameworks:   the i{*} framework to model and reason about business goals, and the   RiskML notation to represent and analyse OSS adoption risks. We   illustrate our approach with data drawn from an industrial partner   organization in a joint EU project.",10.1007/978-3-319-25264-3\\_3
1222,InProceedings,An Abstract State Machine (ASM) Representation of Learning Process in   FLOSS Communities,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities as collaborative   environments enable the occurrence of learning between participants in   these groups. With the increasing interest research on understanding the   mechanisms and processes through which learning occurs in FLOSS, there   is an imperative to describe these processes. One successful way of   doing this is through specification methods. In this paper, we describe   the adoption of Abstract States Machines (ASMs) as a specification   methodology for the description of learning processes in FLOSS. The goal   of this endeavor is to represent the many possible steps and/or   activities FLOSS participants go through during interactions that can be   categorized as learning processes. Through ASMs, we express learning   phases as states while activities that take place before moving from one   state to another are expressed as transitions.",10.1007/978-3-319-15201-1\\_15
1224,Article,An Analysis of Problem-Solving Patterns in Open Source Software,"Open Source Software (OSS) has become an important environment where   developers can create, exchange, and improve reusable software assets by   collaborating with other developers. Although developers may find useful   software assets to reuse from OSS for their projects, they usually   experience difficulties in solving problems that occur while integrating   the assets to their own software. We investigated data from major open   source environments such as Sourceforge. net and GitHub, and learned   that there is a common pattern of solving reuse-related problems in OSS.   To analyze the pattern in detail, we have developed an ontological model   to formally represent the symptoms and causes of the reuse-related   problems, and the correlations between them. Based on this model, we   collected data from Sourceforge. net, and built a knowledge base for the   most common problem type. We extracted the core types of symptoms and   causes for the problem type and calculated the number of correlations   between the types of symptoms and causes. We found that there exist   correlations between the symptoms and causes that are extracted from the   discussion threads for the problem type, and about 60\\% of them are   statistically significant. We also conducted a study to understand the   effective timing of recommending solutions to the developers by   analyzing the recall rates of finding the causes of the problems in a   timeline. We figured that most of the important causes of a problem are   discussed at the beginning of the forum discussion. This leads us to the   conclusion that recommending the causes of a problem early by using our   knowledge framework may help developers spend less amount of time to   solve the problem (around 50\\% less time than solving the problem   without using our framework).",10.1142/S0218194015500187
1225,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of Architectural Change in Open-Source Software   Systems,"From its very inception, the study of software architecture has   recognized architectural decay as a regularly occurring phenomenon in   long-lived systems. Architectural decay is caused by repeated changes to   a system during its lifespan. Despite decay's prevalence, there is a   relative dearth of empirical data regarding the nature of architectural   changes that may lead to decay, and of developers' understanding of   those changes. In this paper, we take a step toward addressing that   scarcity by conducting an empirical study of changes found in software   architectures spanning several hundred versions of 14 open-source   systems. Our study reveals several new findings regarding the frequency   of architectural changes in software systems, the common points of   departure in a system's architecture during maintenance and evolution,   the difference between system-level and component-level architectural   change, and the suitability of a system's implementation-level structure   as a proxy for its architecture.",10.1109/MSR.2015.29
1226,InProceedings,An Enhanced Requirements Gathering Interface for Open Source Software   Development Environments,"In this paper, we propose an enhancement to requirements gathering   interface used in open source software (OSS) development environments.   Specifically we propose embedding currently used interface with reusable   requirement patterns. We propose this enhancement based on the result we   obtained from an experiment on the availability of requirement patterns   during requirements generation in OSS development.",NA
1227,InProceedings,An analysis on Open Source Software Service Level Evaluation using BSEM,"Lee et al. (2015) proposed multi purposed evaluation model named   Behavior-Structure-Evolution Evaluation Model(BSEM) for the purpose of   proposing evaluation framework for open source software service   companies based on general corporate valuation model. The evaluation   model is composed of three factors. First, enterprise service level of   Open source software is divided by Service Area, Service domain and   Service Activity. Second, technical reference model of Open source   software is divided by Service Area, Open source software technical   Domain, Technical Sub-Domain, Open Source Software Name. Third, index of   evaluation level is divided by evaluation group, evaluation domain and   evaluation item.   Therefore, main purpose of this study is to applying BSEM for OSS   service companies to adaptability, expandability and objectivity of   BSEM. We chose 2 out of 290 OSS service companies and they offer   operating system and Database management system services. We applied   Technology Reference Model(TRM) for technical domain. At last we applied   21 evaluation indexes for measuring each service level. Also we measured   service weight by OSS experts and applied for BSEM model.   After whole evaluation indexes are calculated BSEM suggested final   service level by showing alphabet from AAA to D and BSEM affords the   detailed service level for BSEM user.",NA
1229,Article,An insight into license tools for open source software systems,"Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) has gained a lot of attention   lately allowing organizations to incorporate third party source code   into their implementations. When open source software libraries are   used, software resources may be linked directly or indirectly with   multiple open source licenses giving rise to potential license   incompatibilities. Adequate support in license use is vital in order to   avoid such violations and address how diverse licenses should be   handled. In the current work we investigate software licensing giving a   critical and comparative overview of existing assistive approaches and   tools. These approaches are centered on three main categories: license   information identification from source code and binaries, software   metadata stored in code repositories, and license modeling and   associated reasoning actions. We also give a formalization of the   license compatibility problem and demonstrate the role of existing   approaches in license use decisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.050
1231,Article,An introduction to open source software concepts and communities: conference tutorial,Intended Audience: Instructors who are curious about open source software and how to incorporate it into their classes. This tutorial is intended to provide instructors with working knowledge of open source software concepts and communities.,NA
1233,Article,An open-source software package for multivariate modeling and   clustering: applications to air quality management,"This paper presents an open-source software package, rSCA, which is   developed based upon a stepwise cluster analysis method and serves as a   statistical tool for modeling the relationships between multiple   dependent and independent variables. The rSCA package is efficient in   dealing with both continuous and discrete variables, as well as   nonlinear relationships between the variables. It divides the sample   sets of dependent variables into different subsets (or subclusters)   through a series of cutting and merging operations based upon the theory   of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The modeling results are   given by a cluster tree, which includes both intermediate and leaf   subclusters as well as the flow paths from the root of the tree to each   leaf subcluster specified by a series of cutting and merging actions.   The rSCA package is a handy and easy-to-use tool and is freely available   at http://cran.r-project.org/package=rSCA. By applying the developed   package to air quality management in an urban environment, we   demonstrate its effectiveness in dealing with the complicated   relationships among multiple variables in real-world problems.",10.1007/s11356-015-4664-7
1235,InProceedings,Analysing the Reliability of Open Source Software Projects,"Evaluation of software quality is one of the main challenges of software   engineering. Several researches proposed in literature the definition of   quality models for evaluating software products. However, in the context   of Free/Open Source software, differences in production, distribution   and support modality, have to be considered as additional quality   characteristics. In particular, software reliability should be taken   into account before selecting software components. In this direction,   this paper evolves a quality model for Free/Open Source Software   projects, called EFFORT - Evaluation Framework for Free/Open souRce   projects for including reliability aspects and presents an empirical   study aimed at assessing software reliability and its evolution along   the software project history.",NA
1236,InProceedings,Analysis of the Social Community Based on the Network Growing Model in   Open Source Software Community,"The social community in open source software developers has a complex   network structure. The network structure represents the relations   between the project and the engineer in the software developer's   community. A project forms some teams which consist of engineers   categorized into some task group. Source Forge is well known to be one   of open source websites. The node and arc in the network structure means   the engineer and their connection among engineers in the Source Forge.   In the previous study, we found the growing process of project becomes   strong according to the number of developers joining into the project.   In the growing phase, we found some characteristic patterns between the   number of agents and the produced projects. By such observations, we   developed a simulation model of performing the growing process of   project. In this paper, we introduced the altruism behavior as shown in   the Army Ant model into the software developer's simulation model. The   efficiency of the software developing process was investigated by some   experimental simulation results.",NA
1237,InProceedings,Analyzing Distributions of Emails and Commits from OSS Contributors through Mining Software Repositories,"Context: Distributed software development is a modern practice in software industry. This is especially truein Open Source Software (OSS) community. In this context, developers are normally distributed around theworld. In addition, most of them work for free and without or with low coordinating. Understanding how developers\\^{a} practices are on those projects may guide communities to successfully manage their projects. Goal:We mined two repositories of the Apache Httpd project in order to gather information about its developers\\^{a} behavior.Method: We developed an approach to cross data gathered from mail list and source code repositorythrough mining techniques. The approach uses software visualization to analyze the mined data. We conductedan experimental evaluation of the approach to assess the behavioral patterns from OSS developmentcommunity. Results: Our results show Apache developers\\^{a} behavior patterns. In addition, we deepen theanalysis of the Preferred Representational System of four top developers presented by Cola\\c{c}o et. al in (Cola\\c{c}oet al., 2010). Conclusion: The use of data mining and software visualization to analyze data from differentsources can spot important properties of development processes.",10.5220/0005368603030310
1238,InCollection,Analyzing the Social Networks of Contributors in Open Source Software   Community,"We conduct an extensive statistical analysis on the social networks of   contributors in Open Source Software (OSS) communities using datasets   collected from two most fast-growing OSS social interaction sites,   Github.com and Ohloh.net. Our goal is to analyze the connectivity   structure of the social networks of contributors and to investigate the   effect of the different social ties structures on developers' overall   productivity to OSS projects. We, first, analyze the general structure   of the social networks, e.g., graph distances and the degree   distribution of the social networks. Our social network structure   analysis confirms a power-law degree distribution and small-world   characteristics. However, the degree mixing pattern shows that high   degree nodes tend to connect more with low degree nodes suggesting a   collaboration between experts and newbie developers. We further conduct   the same analysis on affiliation networks and find that contributors   tend to participate in projects of similar team sizes. Second, we study   the correlation between various social factors (e.g., closeness and   betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient and tie strength) and the   productivity of the contributors in terms of the amount of contribution   and commitment to OSS projects. The analysis is conducted under the   contexts of global and local networks, where a global network analysis   considers a developer's connectivity in the whole OSS community network,   whereas a local network analysis considers a developer's connectivity   within a team network that is affiliated to a project. The analysis   demonstrates evident influence of the social factors on the developers'   overall productivity.",10.1007/978-3-319-19003-7\\_4
1239,Article,Application of Survival Model to Understand Open Source Software Release,"One of the recurrent themes in open source software research is to   understand the impacts of various project characteristics on its   success. Open source software (OSS) projects rely on voluntary   participation of developers and tend to be continually in development.   Hence, an important measure of success is the time it takes for an OSS   project to release a stable version to its users. However, there is   little research on this success measure and how the OSS characteristics   enable or delay the progress towards stable release. In this study, we   use survival analysis technique on open source project data to explore   the impacts of OSS characteristics on the time it takes to release   stable software versions. We find that when compared to the interest of   developers in the project, interest of end-users has a greater positive   effect on an OSS project progress towards stable release. Our findings   also suggest that the use of C and C-like programming languages or a   Weak-Copyleft license for the open source project negatively impact the   project's time to reach stable status. In OSS projects less than 8   months since becoming public, the use of a Strong-Copyleft license   positively affects the project's progress. One of the implications of   our findings is that OSS project administrators should control software   change requests or form smaller developer groups to better control the   delays due to higher developer interest in their projects.",10.17705/1pais.07201
1241,Article,BIOMODELLING OF CRANIO-MAXILLOFACIAL IMPLANT APPLYING OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE,"Advances in craniofacial medical imaging has allowed the 3D   reconstruction of anatomical structures for medical applications,   including the design of patient specific implants based on   computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)   platforms. This technology has provided new possibilities to visualize   complex medical data through generation of 3-dimensional (3D) physical   models via additive manufacturing that can be eventually utilised to   assist in diagnosis, surgical planning, implant design, and patient   management. Although the study on the construction of   cranio-maxillofacial implant based on computer modelling and advanced   biomaterial are growing rapidly from other parts of the world, however,   in Malaysia is scanty, especially with open source application. For this   reason, it leads us to embark in a study to produce a potential locally   cranio-maxillofacial implant with equivalent standard as compared to the   commercially available product applying open source software. As part of   four subprojects of USM Research University Team (RUT) project, the   authors had investigated and applied open source software to perform   image processing of CT data, to segment the region of interest of   anatomical structures, to create virtual 3D models, and finally to   convert the virtual 3D models to a format that compatible for additive   manufacturing platform. Further research is ongoing to investigate on   designing the cranio-maxillofacial implant using open source CAD   software using suitable biomaterial.",NA
1242,InCollection,Bridging the Academia-Industry Gap in Software Engineering: A   Client-Oriented Open Source Software Projects Course,"Too often, computer science programs offer a software engineering course   that emphasizes concepts, principles, and practical techniques, but   fails to engage students in real-world software experiences. The authors   have developed an approach to teaching undergraduate software   engineering courses that integrates client-oriented project development   and open source development practice. They call this approach the   Client-Oriented Open Source Software (CO-FOSS) model. The advantages of   this approach are that students are involved directly with a client,   nonprofits gain a useful software application, and the project is   available as open source for other students or organizations to extend   and adapt. This chapter describes the motivation, elaborates the   approach, and presents the results in substantial detail. The process is   agile and the development framework is transferrable to other   one-semester software engineering courses in a wide range of   institutions.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7363-2.ch038
1244,Article,Building a virtual simulation platform for quasistatic breast ultrasound   elastography using open source software: A preliminary investigation,"Purpose: Quasistatic ultrasound elastography (QUE) is being used to   augment in vivo characterization of breast lesions. Results from early   clinical trials indicated that there was a lack of confidence in image   interpretation. Such confidence can only be gained through rigorous   imaging tests using complex, heterogeneous but known media. The   objective of this study is to build a virtual breast QUE simulation   platform in the public domain that can be used not only for innovative   QUE research but also for rigorous imaging tests.   Methods: The main thrust of this work is to streamline biomedical   ultrasound simulations by leveraging existing open source software   packages including Field II (ultrasound simulator), VTK (geometrical   visualization and processing), FEBio {[}finite element (FE) analysis],   and Tetgen (mesh generator). However, integration of these open source   packages is nontrivial and requires interdisciplinary knowledge. In the   first step, a virtual breast model containing complex anatomical   geometries was created through a novel combination of image-based   landmark structures and randomly distributed (small) structures.   Image-based landmark structures were based on data from the NIH Visible   Human Project. Subsequently, an unstructured FE-mesh was created by   Tetgen. In the second step, randomly positioned point scatterers were   placed within the meshed breast model through an octree-based algorithm   to make a virtual breast ultrasound phantom. In the third step, an   ultrasound simulator (Field II) was used to interrogate the virtual   breast phantom to obtain simulated ultrasound echo data. Of note, tissue   deformation generated using a FE-simulator (FEBio) was the basis of   deforming the original virtual breast phantom in order to obtain the   postdeformation breast phantom for subsequent ultrasound simulations.   Using the procedures described above, a full cycle of QUE simulations   involving complex and highly heterogeneous virtual breast phantoms can   be accomplished for the first time.   Results: Representative examples were used to demonstrate capabilities   of this virtual simulation platform. In the first set of three   ultrasound simulation examples, three heterogeneous volumes of interest   were selected from a virtual breast ultrasound phantom to perform   sophisticated ultrasound simulations. These resultant B-mode images   realistically represented the underlying complex but known media. In the   second set of three QUE examples, advanced applications in QUE were   simulated. The first QUE example was to show breast tumors with complex   shapes and/or compositions. The resultant strain images showed complex   patterns that were normally seen in freehand clinical ultrasound data.   The second and third QUE examples demonstrated (deformation-dependent)   nonlinear strain imaging and time-dependent strain imaging,   respectively.   Conclusions: The proposed virtual QUE platform was implemented and   successfully tested in this study. Through show-case examples, the   proposed work has demonstrated its capabilities of creating   sophisticated QUE data in a way that cannot be done through the   manufacture of physical tissue-mimicking phantoms and other software.   This open software architecture will soon be made available in the   public domain and can be readily adapted to meet specific needs of   different research groups to drive innovations in QUE. (C) 2015 American   Association of Physicists in Medicine.",10.1118/1.4928707
1246,InProceedings,Business Models for Free and Open Source Software: Insights from a   Delphi Study,"This article describes a Delphi study that consulted leading FOSS   experts to identify the most important business models for FOSS. We   employed the Delphi method to consult leading experts in FOSS, asking   them to identify existing business models; describe potentially feasible   models that are not currently implemented; identify specific categories   of stakeholders involved; and identify the various goals and priorities   of these stakeholders. The experts, who included software developers,   corporate and individual users of software and members of leading   software development industry organizations, highlighted 10 particularly   important business models for FOSS which they analyzed and commentated   in detail. Among other issues, the experts discussed the sustainability   of various models and the extent to which they upheld users' software   freedoms.",NA
1248,InProceedings,Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects: A Theoretical and Empirical   Study,"How can we attract developers? What can we do to incentivize developers   to write code? We started the study by introducing the population   pyramid visualization to software development communities, called   software population pyramids, and found a typical pattern in shapes.   This pattern comes from the differences in attracting coding   contributors and discussion contributors. To understand the causes of   the differences, we then build game-theoretical models of the   contribution situation. Based on these results, we again analyzed the   projects empirically to support the outcome of the models, and found   empirical evidence. The answers to the initial questions are clear. To   incentivize developers to code, the projects should prepare documents,   or the projects or third parties should hire developers, and these are   what sustainable projects in GitHub did in reality. In addition, making   innovations to reduce the writing costs can also have an impact in   attracting coding contributors.",10.1109/CHASE.2015.9
1254,InProceedings,Collaborative Behavior in Soccer: The Setplay Free Software Framework,"The Setplay Framework (available from SourceForge as free software) is   composed of a C++ library (Project name: fcportugalsetplays), a fully   functional RoboCup Simulation 2D demonstration team   (fcportugalsetplaysagent2d), and a complete graphical tool (SPlanner),   that can be used to design and plan the collaborative behavior between   the soccer player agents. In order to demonstrate the usage of the   Setplay library, a complete 2D simulation team, based on Agent2D, was   developed. This example team uses the framework to execute previously   planned collaborative behavior. This framework can be used both within   simulated environments, such as the Robocup Soccer Simulation leagues,   and with real soccer playing robots. This paper presents the free   software Setplay Framework, and provides the necessary information for   any team to use the framework with the goal of providing collaborative   behavior to a team of soccer playing robots.",10.1007/978-3-319-18615-3\\_58
1255,Article,Collaborative Strategies for Sustainable EU Flood Risk Management: FOSS   and Geospatial Tools-Challenges and Opportunities for Operative Risk   Analysis,"An analysis of global statistics shows a substantial increase in flood   damage over the past few decades. Moreover, it is expected that flood   risk will continue to rise due to the combined effect of increasing   numbers of people and economic assets in risk-prone areas and the   effects of climate change. In order to mitigate the impact of natural   hazards on European economies and societies, improved risk assessment,   and management needs to be pursued. With the recent transition to a more   risk-based approach in European flood management policy, flood analysis   models have become an important part of flood risk management (FRM). In   this context, free and open-source (FOSS) geospatial models provide   better and more complete information to stakeholders regarding their   compliance with the Flood Directive (2007/60/EC) for effective and   collaborative FRM. A geospatial model is an essential tool to address   the European challenge for comprehensive and sustainable FRM because it   allows for the use of integrated social and economic quantitative risk   outcomes in a spatio-temporal domain. Moreover, a FOSS model can support   governance processes using an interactive, transparent and collaborative   approach, providing a meaningful experience that both promotes learning   and generates knowledge through a process of guided discovery regarding   flood risk management. This article aims to organize the available   knowledge and characteristics of the methods available to give   operational recommendations and principles that can support authorities,   local entities, and the stakeholders involved in decision-making with   regard to flood risk management in their compliance with the Floods   Directive (2007/60/EC).",10.3390/ijgi4042704
1257,InProceedings,Collective intelligence approach for free software adoption by municipalities,"The free technologies adoption by governments is not a new phenomenon. As an innovative contribution, this paper proposes a collective intelligence (CI) approach for improving the free software adoption by small and medium-sized municipalities. To build this CI-approach, the authors have analyzed the dynamic of the communities hosted by Brazilian Public Software (BPS) Portal and the actions related to implementation of software solution in Brazilian municipalities. They started by identifying key variables and their relationship, and mining data from the communities whose software solutions have been successfully implemented in the municipalities according to player reports available in BPS portal. Such as the relationships demonstrate, these players have been appropriated the knowledge related to solutions and created new business to support the modernization of public administration. Based on reports and statistical analysis, the authors could understand both the dynamic of the successful communities and the adoption phenomena by municipalities as a consequence of individual initiatives. The results indicate that a CI-approach based on 5W1H can improve the knowledge sharing and promote the best practice in the free software adoption by small and medium-sized municipalities.",10.1145/2857218.2857264
1258,InProceedings,Combining Kanban and FOSS: Can It Work?,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Agile Software Development(ASD)   research have gained momentum over the past decade. However, to the best   of our knowledge, there exists no work about these two phenomena   combined. This thesis will show how Agile Software Development(ASD),   specifically the Kanban Method, and FOSS can be consolidated and how   they can benefit from each other's advantages. The agile community and   the FOSS community can benefit from this body of work, as we aim at   broadening the understanding of both.",NA
1259,Article,Comparative case studies of open source software peer review practices,"This paper investigates differences of peer review practices across different open source software communities, especially the ones engage distinct types of users, in order to offer contextualized guidance for developing open source software projects. The two communities differ in the key activities of peer review processes, including different characteristics with respect to bug reporting, design decision making, to patch development and review. The results highlight the emerging role of triagers, who bridge the core and peripheral contributors and facilitate the peer review process. It is concluded that contextualized designs of social and technological solutions to open source software peer review practices are important. The two cases can serve as learning resources for open source software projects, or other types of large software projects in general, to cope with challenges of leveraging enormous contributions and coordinating core developers.",NA
1260,Article,Cross-national analysis of the relation of eGovernment maturity and OSS   growth,"The aims of this research are to explore and evaluate the nature of the   relationship between open source software (OSS) and eGovemment maturity,   as well as the factors impacting their development at a national level.   The study proposes a theoretical framework, under the prism of which   socio-economic, technological and institutional factors critical to   eGovernment and OSS are revealed. The hypotheses are evaluated by means   of an econometric model of simultaneous equations. In order to better   gauge the results of the hypotheses, the model is evaluated over   economic environments at different stages of development.   Social development and OSS growth were found to be the most important   facilitators for eGovemment maturity, across countries of all stages of   development Institutional quality, technological openness, freedom in   press and the macro-economic environment exerted different weights of   importance across different country groupings. Findings also suggest   that technological infrastructure and innovation are important drivers   for OSS growth across countries at all stages of development. Research   results can provide useful input for research in eGov, as they open up   new directions in the study of the relation with OSS. (C) 2015 Elsevier   Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.techfore.2015.06.024
1263,Article,"Dental Stem Cell Migration on Pulp Ceiling Cavities Filled with MTA,   Dentin Chips, or Bio-Oss","MTA, Bio-Oss, and dentin chips have been successfully used in   endodontics. The aim of this study was to assess the adhesion and   migration of dental stem cells on human pulp ceiling cavities filled   with these endodontic materials in an experimental model, which mimics   the clinical conditions of regenerative endodontics. Cavities were   formed, by a homemade mold, on untouched third molars, filled with   endodontic materials, and observed with electron microscopy. Cells were   seeded on cavities' surface and their morphology and number were   analysed. The phenomenon of tropism was assessed in a migration assay.   All three materials demonstrated appropriate microstructures for cell   attachment. Cells grew on all reagents, but they showed a differential   morphology. Moreover, variations were observed when comparing cells   numbers on cavity's filling versus the surrounding dentine disc. The   highest number of cells was recorded on dentin chips whereas the   opposite was true for Bio-Oss. This was confirmed in the migration assay   where a statistically significant lower number of cells migrated towards   Bio-Oss as compared to MTA and dentin chips. This study highlights that   MTA and dentin chips have a greater potential compared to Bio-Oss   regarding the attraction of dental stem cells and are good candidates   for bioengineered pulp regeneration.",10.1155/2015/189872
1264,Article,Developer initiation and social interactions in OSS: A case study of the   Apache Software Foundation,"Maintaining a productive and collaborative team of developers is   essential to Open Source Software (OSS) success, and hinges upon the   trust inherent among the team. Whether a project participant is   initiated as a committer is a function of both his technical   contributions and also his social interactions with other project   participants. One's online social footprint is arguably easier to   ascertain and gather than one's technical contributions e.g., gathering   patch submission information requires mining multiple sources with   different formats, and then merging the aliases from these sources. In   contrast to prior work, where patch submission was found to be an   essential ingredient to achieving committer status, here we investigate   the extent to which the likelihood of achieving that status can be   modeled solely as a social network phenomenon. For 6 different Apache   Software Foundation OSS projects we compile and integrate a set of   social measures of the communications network among OSS project   participants and a set of technical measures, i.e., OSS developers'   patch submission activities. We use these sets to predict whether a   project participant will become a committer, and to characterize their   socialization patterns around the time of becoming committer. We find   that the social network metrics, in particular the amount of two-way   communication a person participates in, are more significant predictors   of one's likelihood to becoming a committer. Further, we find that this   is true to the extent that other predictors, e.g., patch submission   info, need not be included in the models. In addition, we show that   future committers are easy to identify with great fidelity when using   the first three months of data of their social activities. Moreover,   only the first month of their social links are a very useful predictor,   coming within 10 \\% of the three month data's predictions.   Interestingly, we find that on average, for each project, one's level of   socialization ramps up before the time of becoming a committer. After   obtaining committer status, their social behavior is more   individualized, falling into few distinct modes of behavior. In a   significant number of projects, immediately after the initiation there   is a notable social cooling-off period. Finally, we find that it is   easier to become a committer earlier in the projects life cycle than it   is later as the project matures. These results should provide insight on   the social nature of gaining trust and advancing in status in   distributed projects.",10.1007/s10664-014-9332-x
1265,Article,Developers' Incentives and Open-Source Software Licensing: GPL vs BSD,"One of the puzzling aspects of open-source software (OSS) development is   its public good nature. Individual developers contribute to developing   the software, but do not hold the copyright to appropriate its value.   This raises questions regarding motives behind such effort. We provide   an integrated model of developers' incentives to describe OSS   development and compare restrictive OSS licenses that force all   modifications to be kept open with non-restrictive OSS licenses that   allow proprietary ownership of modified works. Different incentives   govern effort provision at different stages of the software development   process. We show that open-source licenses can provide socially valuable   software when a proprietary license fails to do so. We also show that   restrictive OSS licenses generate greater effort provision in the design   stage of software development relative to non-restrictive licenses.   Endogenizing licensing choice, we find that a project leader chooses a   non-restrictive OSS license if reputational concerns drive developers'   incentives, a proprietary license when there is a large population of   users in the market and a restrictive OSS license if user population is   small but reputational benefit is high. Our results resonate well with   empirical findings and suggest additional testable implications about   the relationship between licensing and software project characteristics.   Finally, we also find that the market under-provides restrictive OSS   licenses relative to the efficient level, suggesting the need for   subsidizing restrictive licenses in some cases.",10.1515/bejeap-2014-0007
1267,Article,"Developing a banking service ontology using Protege, an open source   software","Computers have transformed from single isolated devices to entry points   into a worldwide network of information exchange. Consequently, support   in the exchange of data, information, and knowledge is becoming the key   issue in computer technology today. The increasing volume of data   available on the Web makes information retrieval a tedious and difficult   task. Researchers are now exploring the possibility of creating a   semantic web, in which meaning is made explicit, allowing machines to   process and integrate web resources intelligently. The vision of the   semantic web introduces the next generation of the Web by establishing a   layer of machine-understandable data. The success of the semantic web   depends on the easy creation, integration and use of semantic data,   which will depend on web ontology. The faceted approach towards   analyzing and representing knowledge given by S R Ranganathan would be   useful in this regard. Ontology development in different fields is one   such area where this approach given by Ranganathan could be applied.   This paper presents a case of developing ontology for the field of   banking.",10.56042/alis.v62i4.12220
1268,Article,Does Open Source Software influence economic growth?,"Open Source Software (OSS) community is challenging the traditional   meaning of property rights. The way the OSS products are developed and   distributed is questioning the right to exclude others from using the   goods and introduces the right to distribute and modify software for   free. The economic impact of the Open Source Software contribution is   significant, it has been estimated that it represents c.a. 30\\% of the   software market. There is an increasing interest in studying OSS   communities, however there have been a small number of studies   investigating the general role of the OSS in the economic growth.   Therefore the lack of theory linking the economic growth and OSS   contribution represents the main theoretical problem of this paper. The   goal of this article is to prove that the existence of OSS communities   increases the quantity of non-rival and non-excludable goods, which -   according to endogenous model of growth - leads to economic growth.   Additionally the study findings undermine the neoclassical theory of   property rights in terms of non-rival and non-excludable goods. The   structure of the paper is organized as follows. In section 1 the article   focuses on the literature addressing the role of the non-rival and   non-excludable goods in the theory of growth and theory of property   rights. Section 2, contains the literature review of the OSS   socio-economic phenomena and argues that the neoclassical theory of   rights is inadequate to explain OSS market existence. Section 3 of the   paper summarizes the main conclusions and discusses the general   motivation behind the creation of the non-excludable and non-rival goods   as well as the diminishing role of the egoism as the origin of the   economic growth. From the methodological point of view the paper   represents a literature review and a critical analysis of the endogenous   growth theory and the theory of property rights.",NA
1269,InCollection,E-Health Sites Development Using Open Source Software and OMT   Methodology as Support for Family Doctors' Activities: A Romanian Case   Study,"E-health is the generic term used for the set of tools based on   information and communication technology used to help prevent, diagnose,   treat, and monitor the health and lifestyles and to improve these   processes. These considerations are the starting point of this chapter,   which presents a Website development solution for family doctors'   consulting-rooms to meet the needs of potential patients, based on   Object Modeling Technique (OMT) and Open Source Software (OSS) in a   metropolitan area network infrastructure. Development of ICT leaves much   more freedom to the consultants to accommodate organizations to other   influences, both internal and external.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch025
1270,InCollection,Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) and Other Free Software for   Accounting and Financial Management of Non-Profit Entities,"The non-profit sector is interested in elaborating reliable and clear   financial accounting information to achieve several objectives: to know   the real volume of activity in each organization, to use it to make   financial and investment decision (financial management), and to   contribute to improve the management system. This chapter shows the   characteristics to identify the financial management and the management   accounting in non-profit organizations. This information is used to   define how to build an appropriate information system to provide the   decision makers with reliable, transparent, and timely information.   Besides the above, it also shows the usefulness of Enterprise Resource   Planning (ERP), focusing on its definition, advantages, and   disadvantages, as well as developing explanations of the major free   software ERP and open source systems.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch085
1271,Article,Evaluation of FLOSS by Analyzing Its Software Evolution: An Example   using the Moodle Platform,"In today's world, management often rely on FLOSS (Free/Libre/Open Source   Software) systems to run their organizations. However, the nature of   FLOSS is different from the software they have been using in the last   decades. Its development model is distributed, and its authors are   diverse as many volunteers and companies may collaborate in the project.   In this paper, the authors want to shed some light on how to evaluate a   FLOSS system by looking at the Moodle platform, which is currently the   most used learning management system among educational institutions   worldwide. In contrast with other evaluation models that have been   proposed so far, the one presented here is based on retrieving   historical information that can be obtained publicly from the Internet,   allowing the authors to study its evolution. As a result, they will show   how using their methodology management can take informed decisions that   lower the risk that organizations face when investing in a FLOSS system.",10.4018/JITR.2015010105
1272,InProceedings,Evaluation of Open-source Software Frameworks for High Fidelity   Simulation of Cognitive Radio Networks,"High fidelity simulation of cognitive radio networks (CRN) requires a   CRN software framework with librairies of components at all layers of   the open systems interconnection (OSI) model (e.g. modulation schemes,   protocols, routing algorithms) along with realistic channel models for   simulating a high number of nodes. At the same time, the CRN software   framework should provide interfaces with hardware platforms for testbed   evaluation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). Unfortunately, there is no   such software framework in the research community. This paper studies   the combination of some open-source frameworks for high fidelity   simulation of CRN. In particular, some challenges are highlighted for   the combination of radio simulators (e.g. GNU Radio, CogWave) and   network simulators (e.g. OMNeT++, ns3) at the level of network layer,   data link layer and physical layer. Based on this evaluation, new   extensions to the CogWave open-source software framework are proposed   for high fidelity simulation of CRN.",NA
1273,InProceedings,Examining Usability Work and Culture in OSS,"Organizational culture has been recognized as an influential factor   affecting the successes and failures of usability work in organizations;   however, there is a lack of research on organizational culture in open   source software (OSS) development. This paper shows that there are   different kinds of cultures in OSS development projects and builds   propositions on the relationship between culture and usability work in   OSS development projects. Partly those are derived from the literature,   partly from an exploratory empirical inquiry. We speculate whether there   is an ideal culture type for usability work in OSS development or   whether usability work should be modified to fit the different cultures   of OSS development projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_6
1275,InProceedings,Experimental Results of a Raspberry Pi Based WMN Testbed for Different   OSs in Indoor Environment Considering LoS Scenario,"Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are attracting a lot or attention from   wireless network researchers, because of their potential use in several   fields such as collaborative computing and communications. In this   paper, we present the implementation of a testbed for WMNs using   Raspbian and OpenWRT OSs. We analyze the performance of Optimized Link   State Routing (OLSR) protocol in an indoor scenario. For evaluation we   considered throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), delay, jitter and   hop count metrics. The experimental results show that the testbed   mounted in OpenWRT has better results than Raspbian.",10.1109/BWCCA.2015.58
1277,Article,Exploitation and Exploration Networks in Open Source Software   Development: An Artifact-Level Analysis,"Open source software (OSS) development is an increasingly important   paradigm of software development. However, key aspects of OSS such as   the determinants of project success and motivations of developers in   joining these projects are not well understood. Based on organizational   theory, we propose that OSS activities of patch development and feature   request can be classified as exploitation (implementation-oriented) and   exploration (innovation-oriented) activities, respectively. We   empirically examine how the structure of social network affects the   success of patch-development and feature-request networks in OSS   projects, using a data set collected from the SourceForge database. Our   results provide empirical support for the view that patch development   and feature request are exploitation and exploration activities,   respectively. Network structures differ due to team formation   differences and have a differential impact on development success based   on the type of activity. The concepts of ambidextrous developers and   ambidexterity are explored in the context of OSS projects. Collectively,   our results indicate that studying OSS projects at the artifact level   could improve our understanding of OSS project success and team   formation. This, in turn, could lead to better management of OSS   projects.",10.1080/07421222.2015.1029382
1281,InProceedings,Exploring the Use of Labels to Categorize Issues in Open-Source Software   Projects,"Reporting bugs, asking for new features and in general giving any kind   of feedback is a common way to contribute to an Open-Source Software   (OSS) project. This feedback is generally reported in the form of new   issues for the project, managed by the so-called issue-trackers. One of   the features provided by most issue-trackers is the possibility to   define a set of labels/tags to classify the issues and, at least in   theory, facilitate their management. Nevertheless, there is little   empirical evidence to confirm that taking the time to categorize new   issues has indeed a beneficial impact on the project evolution. In this   paper we analyze a population of more than three million of GitHub   projects and give some insights on how labels are used in them. Our   preliminary results reveal that, even if the label mechanism is scarcely   used, using labels favors the resolution of issues. Our analysis also   suggests that not all projects use labels in the same way (e.g., for   some labels are only a way to prioritize the project while others use   them to signal their temporal evolution as they move along in the   development workflow). Further research is needed to precisely   characterize these label ``families{''} and learn more the ideal   application scenarios for each of them.",NA
1282,InProceedings,FLOSS as a Source for Profanity and Insults: Collecting the Data,"An important task in machine learning and natural language processing is   to learn to recognize different types of human speech, including humor,   sarcasm, insults, and profanity. In this paper we describe our method to   produce test and training data sets to assist in this task. Our test   data sets are taken from the domain of free, libre, and open source   software (FLOSS) development communities. We describe our process in   constructing helper sets of relevant data, such as profanity lists,   lists of insults, and lists of projects with their codes of conduct.   Contributions of this paper are to describe the background literature on   computer-aided methods of recognizing insulting or profane speech, to   describe the parameters of data sets that are useful in this work, and   to outline how FLOSS communities are such a rich source of insulting or   profane speech data. We then describe our data sets in detail, including   how we created these data sets, and provide some initial guidelines for   usage.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.623
1284,Article,FREEWAT: FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource   management,"FREEWAT is an HORIZON 2020 project financed by the EU Commission under   the call WATER INNOVATION: BOOSTING ITS VALUE FOR EUROPE. FREEWAT main   result will be an open source and public domain GIS integrated modelling   environment for the simulation of water quantity and quality in surface   water and groundwater with an integrated water management and planning   module. FREEWAT aims at promoting water resource management by   simplifying the application of the Water Framework Directive and other   EU water related Directives. Specific objectives of the FREEWAT project   are: to coordinate previous EU and national funded research to integrate   existing software modules for water management in a single environment   into the GIS based FREEWAT; to support the FREEWAT application in an   innovative participatory approach gathering technical staff and relevant   stakeholders (in primis policy and decision makers) in designing   scenarios for the proper application of water policies.   The open source characteristics of the platform allow to consider this   an initiative ``ad includendum{''} (looking for inclusion of other   entities), as further research institutions, private developers etc. may   contribute to the platform development.   Through creating a common environment among water   research/professionals, policy makers and implementers, FREEWAT main   impact will be on enhancing science- and participatory approach and   evidence-based decision making in water resource management, hence   producing relevant and appropriate outcomes for policy implementation.   The Consortium is constituted by partners from various water sectors   from 10 EU countries, plus Turkey and Ukraine. Synergies with the UNESCO   HOPE initiative on free and open source software in water management   greatly boost the value of the project. Large stakeholders involvement   is thought to guarantee results dissemination and exploitation.",10.3301/ROL.2015.113
1285,Article,"FiberApp: An Open-Source Software for Tracking and Analyzing Polymers,   Filaments, Biomacromolecules, and Fibrous Objects","Biological semiflexible polymers and filaments such as collagen,   fibronectin, actin, microtubules, coiled-coil proteins, DNA, siRNA,   amyloid fibrils, etc., are ubiquitous in nature. In biology, these   systems have a direct relation to critical processes ranging from the   movement of actin or assembly of viruses at cellular interfaces to the   growth of amyloid plaques in neuro-degenerative diseases. In technology   and applied sciences, synthetic macromolecules or fibrous objects such   as carbon nanotubes are involved in countless applications. Accessing   their intrinsic properties at the single molecule level, such as their   molecular conformations or intrinsic stiffness, is central to the   understanding of these systems, their properties, and the design of   related applications. In this Perspective we introduce FiberApp a new   tracking and analysis software based on a cascade of algorithms   describing structural and topological features of objects characterized   by a very high length-to-width aspect ratio, generally described as   ``fiber-like objects{''}. The program operates on images from any   microscopic source (atomic force or transmission electron microscopy,   optical, fluorescence, confocal, etc.), acquiring the spatial   coordinates of objects by a semiautomated tracking procedure based on   A{*} pathfinding algorithm followed by the application of active contour   models and generating virtually any statistical, topological, and   graphical output derivable from these coordinates. Demonstrative   features of the software include statistical polymer physics analysis of   fiber conformations, height, bond and pair correlation functions,   mean-squared end-to-end distance and midpoint displacement, 2D order   parameter, excess kurtosis, fractal exponent, height profile and its   discrete Fourier transform, orientation, length, height, curvature, and   kink angle distributions, providing an unprecedented structural   description of filamentous synthetic and biological objects.",10.1021/ma502264c
1286,Article,Firms' Resource Deployment and Project Leadership in Open Source   Software Development,"When using the open source software (OSS), development model firms face   the challenge to balance the tension between the integration of   knowledge from external individuals and the desire for control. In our   investigation, we draw upon a data set consisting of 109 projects with   912 individual programmers and 110 involved firms and show how those   different projects are governed in terms of project leadership. Our four   hypotheses show that despite the wish for external knowledge from   voluntary programmers firms are relying on own resources or those from   other firms to control a project, that projects with low firm   participation are mainly led by voluntary committers, and that projects   with high firm participation are mainly led by paid leaders. This   research extends the dominating literature by providing empirical   evidence in that area and helps to deepen our understanding of firm   participation in OSS projects as a form of open innovation activity.",10.1142/S0219877015500108
1287,Article,Floss-like Ni-Co binary hydroxides assembled by whisker-like nanowires   for high-performance supercapacitor,"Floss-like Ni-Co binary hydroxides (FL-NCOH), assembled by whisker-like   nanowires, are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process with sodium   dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as the soft template. The forming   process of FL-NCOH is clarified by tuning the hydrothermal reaction   time. The result indicates that floccule-like nickel-cobalt hydroxide   nanoclusters gradually become longer and slenderer nanowires to form   FL-NCOH with the increase of reaction time. The   dissolution-recrystallization of hydroxide plays an important role in   the morphology control of nickel-cobalt hydroxide. The high specific   surface area (106.5 m(2) g(-1)) and the suitable 3D structure endow the   as-prepared FL-NCOH material high specific capacitance (up to 918.9 F   g(-1) at the current density of 0.2 A g(-1)), good high-rate performance   (594.2 F g(-1) even at 10.0 A g(-1)), and long cycle life (98.7 \\%   capacitance retention after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 2.0 A   g(-1)).",10.1007/s11581-014-1319-5
1288,InProceedings,Free Software User Interfaces: Usability and Aesthetics,"Using free software has been one of the discussion topics for time to   time. There are several desktop environments available for nowadays   modern GNU/Linux (hereinafter: Linux) distributions with different   usability levels. However it seems that some of the users are not   satisfied with current graphical user interfaces. We present a   qualitative analysis of four different Linux distributions using   different desktop environments. We find that most usable desktop is   XFCE, then comes Mate, KDE and last one is LXDE. The results are a bit   surprising as the LXDE is very similar to famous and recently widely   used MS Windows XP. Our findings lead us into understanding that   Microsoft has designed the past user experience of computer use and its   user interface design is affecting also other operating systems based on   users perception.",10.1007/978-3-319-20609-7\\_63
1289,InCollection,Free and Open Source Software in Commercial and Academic Archaeology:   Sustainable Investments and Reproducible Research,NA,NA
1290,Article,Free and Open-Source Software for sustainable analysis in logistics   systems design,"The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how calculations of   greenhouse gas emissions from transport in logistics systems can be   analysed with Discrete Event Simulation models. For this, modelling was   performed by considering the discrete aspects associated with transport   systems with the continuous component of the carbon monoxide emissions   from the fleet. The simulation models were constructed with the free and   open-source software Ururau. The simulations searched to compare   trade-offs of economic and environmental variables, in contrast to what   is usually done in these types of systems, such as comparing economic   variables with inventory variables. The results indicated that there is   no direct relationship of proportionality between, for example, the   delivery time and the total emissions produced by trucks.",10.1057/jos.2014.17
1294,Article,"Free software: A review, in the context of disaster management","This article examines the nature of freely available geospatial software   and information systems in the context of disaster management. The use   of geospatial data is crucial to effective disaster management, from   preparedness to response and recovery. However, to make efficient use of   available data and information - before, during and after a disaster -   reliable software is required. The software applications examined in   this paper range from Geographical Information Systems, to the   processing of remotely sensed images, crowd-source mapping, web   applications and content management systems. Trends and challenges are   considered, and guidelines are given, to foster and encourage the   provision of information by Freeware and Open Source Software. Free   geoinformatics can help to optimize the limited financial, technological   and manpower resources that many organisations face, providing a   sustainable input to analytical activities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jag.2015.05.012
1295,Article,GIS-Based Noise Simulation Open Source Software: N-GNOIS,"Geographical information system (GIS)-based noise simulation software   (N-GNOIS) has been developed to simulate the noise scenario due to point   and mobile sources considering the impact of geographical features and   meteorological parameters. These have been addressed in the software   through attenuation modules of atmosphere, vegetation and barrier.   N-GNOIS is a user friendly, platform-independent and open geospatial   consortia (OGC) compliant software. It has been developed using open   source technology (QGIS) and open source language (Python). N-GNOIS has   unique features like cumulative impact of point and mobile sources,   building structure and honking due to traffic. Honking is the most   common phenomenon in developing countries and is frequently observed on   any type of roads. N-GNOIS also helps in designing physical barrier and   vegetation cover to check the propagation of noise and acts as a   decision making tool for planning and management of noise component in   environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies.",10.1142/S0219477515500054
1296,Article,Gene expression and morphometric parameters of human bone biopsies after   maxillary sinus floor elevation with autologous bone combined with   Bio-Oss® or BoneCeramic®,"ObjectivesAlthough the clinical success of Bio-Oss((R)) and   BoneCeramic((R)) has been corroborated by histologic and   histomorphometric findings, the biological events that occur during   healing after maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) are unknown. Here,   we evaluated biopsies of grafted bone with a mixture of autologous bone   and Bio-Oss((R)) or BoneCeramic((R)) after two different healing time   periods to understand the molecular process underlying bone formation   after MSFE.   Material and methodsSeven patients, following a bilateral split-mouth   design model and needing a MSFE to allow implant placement, were   recruited for this study. Right or left sinuses were grafted with   autologous maxillary bone combined either with Bio-Oss((R)) or   BoneCeramic((R)), respectively. Twenty biopsies were taken at the time   of implant insertion after 4-5months or 6-8months of MSFE, and analyzed   by micro-computed tomography (microCT) and gene-expression analysis.   ResultsMicroCT analysis revealed no differences in the morphometric   parameters or BMD either after 4-5months or 6-8months of MSFE between   Bio-Oss((R)) and BoneCeramic((R)). At molecular level, a higher   expression of bone forming gene Runx2 was observed after 4-5months of   MSFE in the Bio-Oss((R)) compared with the BoneCeramic((R)) group.   ConclusionsOur results indicate that differences found at the molecular   level between Bio-Oss((R)) and BoneCeramic((R)) are not translated to   important differences in the 3D microstructure and BMD of the grafted   bone.",10.1111/clr.12380
1297,Article,HFOSS: humanitarian open source software in the college classroom: pre-conference workshop,"Working in an OSS environment has helped teach me the importance of documentation and how development outside of college works.... I finally got a feel for what is expected of me as a software engineer.... I appreciate the lessons learned in this class because it was a real-life experience in the work field as opposed to studying theoretical approaches and practicing writing programs which will never be used again."" Senior student, Western New England College, December, 2010.",NA
1298,InProceedings,How Developers Acquire FLOSS Skills,"With the increasing prominence of open collaboration as found in   free/libre/open source software projects and other joint production   communities, potential participants need to acquire skills. How these   skills are learned has received little research attention. This article   presents a large- scale survey (5,309 valid responses) in which users   and developers of the beta release of a popular file download   application were asked which learning styles were used to acquire   technical and social skills. We find that the extent to which a person   acquired the relevant skills through informal methods tends to be higher   if the person is a free/libre/open source code contributor, while being   a professional software developer does not have this effect.   Additionally, younger participants proved more likely to make use of   formal methods of learning. These insights will help individuals,   commercial companies, educational institutions, governments and open   collaborative projects decide how they promote learning.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_3
1299,InCollection,How Open Is Open Source? Software and Beyond,"Traditionally, the protection of intellectual property is regarded as a   precondition for value capture. The rise of open source (OS) software   and OS tangible products, so-called open design, has challenged this   understanding. Openness is often regarded as a dichotomous variable   (open-source vs. closed-source) and it is assumed that online developer   communities demand full opening of the product's source. In this paper   we will explore openness as a gradual and multi-dimensional concept. We   carried out an Internet survey (N = 270) among participants of 20 open   design communities in the domain of IT hardware and consumer   electronics. We find that open design projects pursue complex strategies   short of complete openness and that communities value openness of   software more highly than openness of hardware. Our findings suggest   that open design companies can successfully implement strategies of   partial openness to safeguard value capture without alienating their   developer community.",NA
1301,Article,How do firms influence open source software communities? A framework and   empirical analysis of different governance modes,"This paper explores how software firms can apply different types of   governance approaches to open source software development projects   (OSSDPs) and draws on control theory to propose that firms may influence   OSSDPs by employing either leadership or resource deployment control. A   matrix differentiating four types of OSSDPs: firm- versus   community-initiated projects and one participating firm (single-vendor   projects) versus many firms (multivendor projects), and accompanying   hypotheses regarding a firm's participation for each type are developed.   Using data from 83 Eclipse projects to test the hypotheses, findings   indicate that (1) firms more actively employ both leadership and   resource deployment in firm-initiated projects than in   community-initiated ones and (2) firms are more likely to use resource   deployment control over leadership control in multivendor projects. Key   theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier   Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2015.03.001
1302,Article,IMMAN: free software for information theory-based chemometric analysis,"The features and theoretical background of a new and free computational   program for chemometric analysis denominated IMMAN (acronym for   Information theory-based CheMoMetrics ANalysis) are presented. This is   multi-platform software developed in the Java programming language,   designed with a remarkably user-friendly graphical interface for the   computation of a collection of information-theoretic functions adapted   for rank-based unsupervised and supervised feature selection tasks. A   total of 20 feature selection parameters are presented, with the   unsupervised and supervised frameworks represented by 10 approaches in   each case. Several information-theoretic parameters traditionally used   as molecular descriptors (MDs) are adapted for use as unsupervised   rank-based feature selection methods. On the other hand, a   generalization scheme for the previously defined differential Shannon's   entropy is discussed, as well as the introduction of Jeffreys   information measure for supervised feature selection. Moreover,   well-known information-theoretic feature selection parameters, such as   information gain, gain ratio, and symmetrical uncertainty are   incorporated to the IMMAN software (http://mobiosd-hub.com/imman-soft/),   following an equal-interval discretization approach. IMMAN offers data   pre-processing functionalities, such as missing values processing,   dataset partitioning, and browsing. Moreover, single parameter or   ensemble (multi-criteria) ranking options are provided. Consequently,   this software is suitable for tasks like dimensionality reduction,   feature ranking, as well as comparative diversity analysis of data   matrices. Simple examples of applications performed with this program   are presented. A comparative study between IMMAN and WEKA feature   selection tools using the Arcene dataset was performed, demonstrating   similar behavior. In addition, it is revealed that the use of IMMAN   unsupervised feature selection methods improves the performance of both   IMMAN and WEKA supervised algorithms.   Graphic representation for Shannon's distribution of MD calculating   software.   {[}GRAPHICS]   .",10.1007/s11030-014-9565-z
1303,InProceedings,IMPROVING NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES FOR FORESTRY AND LAND USE   CHANGE USING OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE,"National greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories are essential for public   policy planning to mitigate GHG emissions. They provide critical   information and enhance environmental integrity in planning and   development of GHG mitigation policy.   The characteristics of a high quality inventory are that it follows good   practice according to the IPCC guidelines. The key components of good   practice are that the inventory is transparent to others, has accurate   and complete emissions estimates for all gases, sources and sinks; has   consistent application of methods across time; and is comparable to   inventories from other countries {[}1]. While developed countries   struggle with implementation of good practice, most can produce   reasonably high quality inventories {[}2]. However, the task is more   challenging in low lying pacific island countries. Some of the specific   challenges include: lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities of   agencies in preparing inventories; small teams with limited resources;   difficulty in retaining expertise; incomplete or non-existent activity   data; inconsistent data between inventories; absence of an archiving   system for previous inventories; no QA/QC plan {[}3].   As part of the UN-REDD Programme project on ``Strengthening Regional   Support to National Forest Monitoring Systems for REDD+ in the   Pacific{''} a Regional Monitoring System has been developed to support   low lying pacific island countries (Republic of Palau, Tuvalu, Cook   Islands, Tonga, Republic of Kiribati, and Federated States of   Micronesia). Using the Republic of Palau as a case study, we present   this system and focus on four main challenges; 1) improving activity   data compilation through systematic land use assessment 2) application   of simple land use mapping algorithms 3) application of a regional   geo-spatial portal to support improved data management 4) application of   open-source land use analysis systems to help manage and analyze   inventory data.",NA
1304,InProceedings,Impacts of License Choice on Free Software Development Dynamics,"The objective was to analyze the impacts of the license choice on the   development dynamics of free software projects, that is, on the   evolution of the application. A key factor for the success of a free   software project is its development dynamics, dependent on the   attraction and retention of users and developers. The license plays an   important role in this scenario, because by imposing restrictions on the   use of the source code it attracts potential contributors in a different   way. The degree of restriction of the license and an indicator of   success of free software were related: the time between stages, that is,   the time spent to evolve through the various stages of development. The   results indicated that projects licensed under non-restrictive terms   progress faster than projects licensed under highly restrictive terms   and that projects with restrictive licenses progress slower than   projects with non-restrictive or highly restrictive licenses.",NA
1306,Article,Implementation of a near-real time cross-border web-mapping platform on   airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration with open-source software,"Although Europe has been growing together for the past decades,   cross-border information platforms on environmental issues are still   scarce. With regard to the establishment of a web-mapping tool on   airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration for the Euregio   Meuse-Rhine located in the border region of Belgium, Germany and the   Netherlands, this article describes the research on methodical and   technical backgrounds implementing such a platform. An open-source   solution was selected for presenting the data in a Web GIS   (OpenLayers/GeoExt; both JavaScript-based), applying other free tools   for data handling (Python), data management (PostgreSQL),   geo-statistical modelling (Octave), geoprocessing (GRASS GIS/GDAL) and   web mapping (MapServer). The multilingual, made-to-order online platform   provides access to near-real time data on PM concentration as well as   additional background information. In an open data section, commented   configuration files for the Web GIS client are being made available for   download. Furthermore, all geodata generated by the project is being   published under public domain and can be retrieved in various formats or   integrated into Desktop GIS as Web Map Services (WMS). (C) 2014 Elsevier   Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cageo.2014.10.003
1307,Article,Implementation of efficient facades survey by structure from motion   photogrammetry and use of free software,"The survey of facades is a defendant process in several areas like   architectural design and planning. The photogrammetry provides high   geometric accuracy and but allows us to see the texture of the object.   With the emergence of free software in this area, it turns into one of   the most accessible techniques. To demonstrate the potential of this   technique, we present here three examples of facade surveys of different   types, made with this technique and using free software, using for that   an uncalibrated conventional camera.   It also includes a study that shows an analysis of the accuracy   achievable with this process, and a direct comparison with two   conventional surveying instruments. The work shows, therefore, as   close-range photogrammetry allows a cheaper and quick, accurate and   efficient survey of facades.",10.3989/ic.14.098
1308,InProceedings,Implicit Coordination: A Case Study of the Rails OSS Project,"Previous studies on coordination in OSS projects have studied explicit   communication. Research has theorized on the existence of coordination   without direct communication or implicit coordination in OSS projects,   suggesting that it contributes to their success. However, due to the   intangible nature of implicit coordination, no studies have confirmed   these theories. We describe how implicit coordination can now be   measured in modern collaborative development environments. Through a   case study of a popular OSS GitHub-hosted project, we report on how and   why features that support implicit coordination are used.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_4
1310,InProceedings,Increasing the Self-Efficacy of Newcomers to Open Source Software Projects,"Community-based Open Source Software (OSS) projects are usually self-organized and dynamic, receiving contributions from distributed volunteers. These communities' survival, long-term success, and continuity demand a constant influx of newcomers. However, newcomers face many barriers when making their first contribution to an OSS project, leading in many cases to dropouts. Therefore, a major challenge for OSS projects is to provide ways to support newcomers during their first contribution. In this paper, our goal was to evaluate how the newcomers' perceived efficacy is influenced by the use of an environment that organizes the project information for developers who want to place their first contribution to an OSS project. To accomplish this goal, we created FLOSS coach, a portal aiming to support newcomers to OSS projects, which was implemented based on a model of barriers proposed in previous research. Then, we conducted a study, in which 46 students, split in case and control group, were asked to contribute to an OSS project. We assessed the newcomers' self-efficacy by conducting a questionnaire before and after the assignment. We found that presenting the information according to the model of barriers had a positive influence on newcomers' self-efficacy, empowered the newcomers, making them more confident and comfortable during the contribution process. However, there is also some indication that FLOSS coach did not lower the technical barriers.",10.1109/SBES.2015.10
1314,InProceedings,"Introduction to Open Movements: FLOSS, Open Contents, Open Access, and Open Communities Minitrack","The Open Movements mini-track continues eleven earlier HICSS mini-tracks addressing the trend towards the adoption of open strategies. The track focuses on open source projects, especially Open Source Software development, though it also includes issues around Open Content creation, Open Access publishing and Open Communities more generally. The track is mainly directed to FLOSS developers and researchers who study the FLOSS phenomenon. This year the mini-track accepted four submissions. A focus in this edition of the mini-track is the use of tools which aid and streamline open source project development. We introduce the papers in the order in which they were scheduled at the conference.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.666
1315,InProceedings,Investigating Open Source Software Benefits in Public Sector,"This paper investigates the benefits of OSS in public sector   organizations in order to understand the trends and patterns in   different regions over time. Although open source software is used   widely, in this study the authors examine the adoption of open source   software in the public sector. As such, the paper uses content analysis   to review published articles on open source software in the public   sector or government organizations between 2003 and 2012 across the   regions (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe). The results suggest that   that there is no-one-size-fit-all to open source software adoption   benefits to the public sector in different regions. The results also   show that technical benefits, vendor independence and customization are   considered to be important for open source software adoption in public   sector organizations. While this suggests that public sector   organizations perceive open source software as one step towards vendor   independence, customization is considered a very important benefit of   open source software adoption in Asia than is the case in America.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.268
1317,Article,Investigating the Interrelationships among Success Measures of Open   Source Software Projects,"Open source software (OSS) has attracted extensive attention from   researchers and scholars. This increasing attention is a result of the   remarkable growth in the number of OSS applications in recent years.   Despite an increased number of studies on OSS project success, the   interrelationships among different success indicators of OSS projects   are not well understood in literature. The present study reports on the   interrelationships between the success measures of OSS projects, as   defined by the ability of the project to attract user and developer   interest, release management, project activity, and development   sustainability. To test the relationships hypothesized, we gathered data   from 1409 OSS projects over time (in two snapshots over a period of   eight months). The results show the following: (a) project activity   until any time period positively impacts the subsequent period's   developer interest and development sustainability; (b) development   sustainability positively drives user and developer interest; (c)   release frequency positively influences the next period's developer   interest, as well as development sustainability; (d) developer interest   positively drives user interest. These findings have implications for   both the OSS research community and OSS practitioners.",10.1080/10919392.2015.990775
1319,Article,"Investigating the Role of Innovation Attributes in the Adoption,   Rejection, and Discontinued Use of Open Source Software for Development","Drawing on technology adoption research, particularly diffusion of   innovations, this article analyzes organizational adoption decisions of   a new ICT by organizations in Nairobi, Kenya. Through a multi-case study   and interviews with potential adopters, this research assesses the   influence of perceived innovation attributes on adoption decisions   regarding the Ushahidi Platform, a tool designed for collecting,   aggregating, and mapping information. Findings suggest that perceptions   of trialability and observability, two attributes that have been found   to be less predictive in past research, were influential in the decision   process. Additionally, perceived flexibility is added to the list of   attributes that should be considered, particularly for analyzing the   adoption of free and open source technology.",NA
1322,Article,JETSPIN: A specific-purpose open-source software for simulations of   nanofiber electrospinning,"We present the open-source computer program JETSPIN, specifically   designed to simulate the electro-spinning process of nanofibers. Its   capabilities are shown with proper reference to the underlying model, as   well as a description of the relevant input variables and associated   test-case simulations. The various interactions included in the   electrospinning model implemented in JETSPIN are discussed in detail.   The code is designed to exploit different computational architectures,   from single to parallel processor workstations. This paper provides an   overview of JETSPIN, focusing primarily on its structure, parallel   implementations, functionality, performance, and availability.   Program summary   Program title: JETSPIN Catalogue identifier: AEXQ\\_v1\\_0   Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEXQ\\_v1\\_0.html   Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University,   Belfast, N. Ireland   Licensing provisions: Open Software License v. 3.0   No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 12996   No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 120019   Distribution format: tar.gz   Programming language: Fortran 90.   Computer: All Linux based workstations and parallel supercomputers,   Windows and Apple machines.   Operating system: Linux, OS X, Windows.   Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Code is parallelized   RAM: 2+ Gigabytes   Classification: 4.3, 7.7, 10, 12.   Nature of problem: Dynamics of the electrospinning process to produce   nanofibers   Solution method: Numerical solutions to the equations of motion of a   Lagrangian discrete model   Running time: A few seconds up to several hours, depending on size of   the underlying jet representation. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.013
1323,Article,Knowledge sharing in open source software communities: motivations and   management,"Purpose - This paper aims to add to the understanding of knowledge   sharing in online communities through an investigation of the   relationship between individual participant's motivations and management   in open source software (OSS) communities. Drawing on a review of   literature concerning knowledge sharing in organisations, the factors   that motivate participants to share their knowledge in OSS communities,   and the management of such communities, it is hypothesised that the   quality of management influences the extent to which the motivations of   members actually result in knowledge sharing.   Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, quantitative data   were collected through an online questionnaire survey of OSS web   developers with the aim of gathering respondents' opinions concerning   knowledge sharing, motivations to share knowledge and satisfaction with   the management of OSS projects. Factor analysis, descriptive analysis,   correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the   survey data.   Findings - The analysis of the data reveals that the individual   participant's satisfaction with the management of an OSS project is an   important factor influencing the extent of their personal contribution   to a community.   Originality/value - Little attention has been devoted to understanding   the impact of management in OSS communities. Focused on OSS developers   specialising in web development, the findings of this paper offer an   important original contribution to understanding the connections between   individual members' satisfaction with management and their motivations   to contribute to an OSS project. The findings reveal that motivations to   share knowledge in online communities are influenced by the quality of   management. Consequently, the findings suggest that appropriate   management can enhance knowledge sharing in OSS projects and online   communities, and organisations more generally.",10.1108/JKM-10-2014-0446
1325,InProceedings,Learning Secure Programming in Open Source Software Communities: A   Socio-Technical View,"In open source software (OSS) communities, volunteers collaborate and   integrate expertise to develop the software online via the Internet in a   decentralized, highly interactive and knowledge-intensive process.   Development of qualified and secured software products relies mainly on   the ability of OSS participants to acquire, refine and use new aspects   of secure programming knowledge. Many OSS proponents believe that the   open source innovation offers significant learning opportunities from   its best practices. However, studies that specifically explore learning   of software security in the context of open source development are   scarce. This paper aims to empirically assess present knowledge sharing   and learning about secure programming knowledge in the context of OSS   communities utilized a socio-technical approach on OSS projects based on   an ethnographic observation. Our motivation is not only to evaluate the   knowledge sharing and learning mechanisms and the extent to which they   may be viable and successful but also to gain insight into the security   culture and project factors that affect learning processes of secure   programming in OSS communities.",10.1145/3178158.3178202
1327,Article,Lessons learned from applying social network analysis on an industrial   Free/Libre/Open Source Software ecosystem,"Many software projects are no longer done in-house by a single   organization. Instead, we are in a new age where software is developed   by a networked community of individuals and organizations, which base   their relations to each other on mutual interest. Paradoxically, recent   research suggests that software development can actually be   jointly-developed by rival firms. For instance, it is known that the   mobile-device makers Apple and Samsung kept collaborating in open source   projects while running expensive patent wars in the court. Taking a case   study approach, we explore how rival firms collaborate in the open   source arena by employing a multi-method approach that combines   qualitative analysis of archival data (QA) withmining software   repositories (MSR) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). While exploring   collaborative processes within the OpenStack ecosystem, our research   contributes to Software Engineering research by exploring the role of   groups, sub-communities and business models within a high-networked open   source ecosystem. Surprising results point out that competition for the   same revenue model (i.e., operating conflicting business models) does   not necessary affect collaboration within the ecosystem. Moreover, while   detecting the different sub-communities of the OpenStack community, we   found out that the expected social tendency of developers to work with   developers from same firm (i.e., homophony) did not hold within the   OpenStack ecosystem. Furthermore, while addressing a novel, complex and   unexplored open source case, this research also contributes to the   management literature in coopetition strategy and high-tech   entrepreneurship with a rich description on how heterogeneous actors   within a high-networked ecosystem (involving individuals, startups,   established firms and public organizations) joint-develop a complex   infrastructure for big-data in the open source arena.",10.1186/s13174-015-0028-2
1328,Article,"LiDARHub: a free and open source software platform for web-based   management, visualization and analysis of LiDAR data","LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique with a unique capability to   capture three-dimensional information of the earth's surface even in   heavily vegetated areas, and it is proven to be useful in many research   applications. Although it is becoming the remote sensing platform of   choice for planning and natural resource agencies that require   three-dimensional information, the enormous data that are generated and   the lack of available software analysis packages make LiDAR still   unavailable to a typical user of spatial data. LiDARHub is a free and   open source platform for web-based management, visualization and   analysis of LiDAR data that enables development of online tools for   LiDAR data processing in a web browser. The framework provides a   foundation to develop online tools for LiDAR data processing and tools   can be shared. The framework is also flexible so that the developed   tools can be easily ported to High Performance Computing (HPC)   environments that speed up the computationally extensive LiDAR data   processing. Two example LiDARHub tools are presented as case studies to   demonstrate potential software development scenarios. The developed   tools provide easy to use user interface and hide complex computation so   that users can take advantage of the LiDAR technology with only a web   browser. The LiDARHub allows not only the sharing of large volume of   LiDAR data but also developing online LiDAR processing platform for a   large audience.",10.1007/s12303-015-0003-8
1329,Article,"Loyalty, Ideology, and Identification: An Empirical Study of the   Attitudes and Behaviors of Passive Users of Open Source Software","Extant research on open source software (OSS) has primarily focused on   software developers and active users but has paid limited attention to   the less visible ``passive{''} users who form the silent majority of OSS   communities. Passive users play a critical role in the adoption and   diffusion of OSS, and we need more research to understand their   behaviors and motivations. We address this gap by drawing on the   sociological theory of community markers. The three community markers in   the context of OSS are loyalty, ideology, and identification. We also   draw on marketing literature to propose four contributory behaviors of   passive users of OSS that we theorize to be impacted by the community   markers: user brand-extension, word-of-mouth, endorsement, and community   involvement. We further classify passive users' contributory behaviors   according to the difficulty of their enactment and examine the   differential influence of the OSS community markers. Partial-least   squares (PLS) analyses of data obtained through a survey of passive   users of an OSS product provide support for the majority of the   hypotheses.",10.17705/1jais.00405
1332,Article,MIGRATION TO FREE SOFTWARE IN CUBA: JOINT COMPLEX OF SOCIAL AND   TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PATH OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY,"In Cuba, the authorities of the country state that we can not bet for   proprietary operating systems as a viable way for technological   development, which at the same time leads to independence in this   field.. Economic, licensing, acquisition of proprietary software via the   Internet factors and the latent possibility of claims by some   manufacturers, among many other complexities, lead to opt for another   form of software, less tied to legal restrictions and more accessible   from the economic point of view. This article aims to address social and   technological factors that characterize the migration process towards   free software in the country, the reasons for this migration, efforts   and agreements that outline state migration strategy as well as the   colors of elements that hinder this process, tempered by the ups and   downs of the migration process which draws a reality that paints a   scenario nothing conclusive of successes and failures.",NA
1333,Article,Measurement of ground displacement from optical satellite image   correlation using the free open-source software MicMac,"Image correlation is one of the most efficient techniques to determine   horizontal ground displacements due to earthquakes, landslides, ice   flows or sand dune migrations. Analyzing these deformations allows a   better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of the events. By   using sub-pixel correlation on before- and after-event ortho-images   obtained from high resolution satellite images it is possible to compute   the displacement field with high planimetric resolution. In this paper,   we focus on measuring the ground displacements due to seismotectonic   events. The three sub-pixel correlators used are: COSI-Corr - developed   by Caltech, a free, closed-source correlator, dependent on commercial   software (ENVI) and widely used by the geoscience community for   measuring ground displacement; Medicis - developed by CNES, also a   closed-source correlator capable of measuring this type of deformation;   and MicMac - developed by IGN, the free open-source correlator we study   and tune for measuring fine ground displacements. We measured horizontal   ground deformation using these three correlators on SPOT images in three   study cases: the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, the 2005 dyke intrusion in   the Afar depression and the 2008 Yutian earthquake. (C) 2014   International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc.   (ISPRS) Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.03.002
1334,InProceedings,Measuring the Quality of Open Source Software Ecosystems Using QuESo,"Open source software has witnessed an exponential growth in the last two   decades and it is playing an increasingly important role in many   companies and organizations leading to the formation of open source   software ecosystems. In this paper we present a quality model that will   allow the evaluation of those ecosystems in terms of their relevant   quality characteristics such as health or activeness. To design this   quality model we started by analysing the quality measures found during   the execution of a systematic literature review on open source software   ecosystems and, then, we classified and reorganized the set of measures   in order to build a solid quality model. Finally, we test the   suitability of the constructed quality model using the GNOME ecosystem.",10.1007/978-3-319-25579-8\\_3
1335,InProceedings,Measuring the maturity of open source software,"There are a number of reasons that encourage the use of open source   software `OSS' such as: cost savings, fast time-to-market and   high-quality software{[}1]. Various organizations have considered the   use of free software in their IT infrastructure for economic, security   or other reasons. With a large number of free software available on the   internet, choosing the best one has become a daunting task. In order to   solve this problem, different methods have been proposed. In this paper,   we propose a new method to ``measure the maturity of free software{''}   which is relevant and easy to be adopted especially for small and medium   enterprises. To evaluate our approach, we tested it in more than twenty   companies in order to choose the best free software that will meet their   real needs.",NA
1336,Article,Methodology Proposed for Determining the Curricular Flexibility in   Academic Programs Supported by Free Software under the Concept of Viable   System Model,"Education is the driving force in the development of society. Through   professional and occupational competences, individuals are able to deal   with the requirements of the phenomenon of globalization. Therefore,   many countries have been involved in the creation of quality assurance   of educational systems in order to design more flexible curricula, more   open to knowledge society. They meet the vast training needs, provide a   variety of educational strategies and drive academic mobility and   collaborative inter or multidisciplinary projects. In this respect,   educational institutions are called to promote methodologies focused on   the study of curriculum to diagnose and base the formulation of   improvement plans for quality assurance.   This project formulated a methodology to examine and determine the level   of curricular flexibility. It was based on a prototype of an information   system developed with free software that supported management indicators   and represented different manifestations of flexibility. On the other   hand, the Viable System Model provided the theoretical foundation to   specify the study and the organizational diagnosis and to identify the   information needs among defined sub-systems, including environment.   The prototype of the information system was designed so that academic   programs within a higher education institution have the capacity to   structure several studies of curriculum flexibility over time in order   to establish the necessary comparatives and to be a knowledge-based   supply for future curriculum reforms and a basis for quality assurance   processes.   The study was carried out in the Systems Engineering Program of   Institucion Universitaria Centro de Estudios Superiores Maria Goretti   located in Pasto, Narino (Colombia).",10.14483/udistrital.jour.RC.2015.22.a2
1337,InProceedings,Mining Learning Processes from FLOSS Mailing Archives,"Evidence suggests that Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)   environments provide unlimited learning opportunities. Community members   engage in a number of activities both during their interaction with   their peers and while making use of these environments. As FLOSS   repositories store data about participants' interaction and activities,   we analyze participants' interaction and knowledge exchange in emails to   trace learning activities that occur in distinct phases of the learning   process. We make use of semantic search in SQL to retrieve data and   build corresponding event logs which are then fed to a process mining   tool in order to produce visual workflow nets. We view these nets as   representative of the traces of learning activities in FLOSS as well as   their relevant flow of occurrence. Additional statistical details are   provided to contextualize and describe these models.",10.1007/978-3-319-25013-7\\_23
1339,Article,Modular Open-Source Software for Item Factor Analysis,"This article introduces an item factor analysis (IFA) module for OpenMx,   a free, open-source, and modular statistical modeling package that runs   within the R programming environment on GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, and   Microsoft Windows. The IFA module offers a novel model specification   language that is well suited to programmatic generation and manipulation   of models. Modular organization of the source code facilitates the easy   addition of item models, item parameter estimation algorithms,   optimizers, test scoring algorithms, and fit diagnostics all within an   integrated framework. Three short example scripts are presented for   fitting item parameters, latent distribution parameters, and a multiple   group model. The availability of both IFA and structural equation   modeling in the same software is a step toward the unification of these   two methodologies.",10.1177/0013164414554615
1340,InProceedings,Motivations for Knowledge Sharing in Free Software Communities,"Knowledge sharing is a key aspect for a community of practice. Free   software communities can be considered communities of practice, since   they aggregate people interested in donating and collecting, that is,   sharing knowledge about free software. According to the literature, the   donation and collection of knowledge are motivated by different factors   and these motivations may vary depending on the context. Free software   communities may include members from different countries and   backgrounds, which can make keeping such communities active and vigorous   a challenge. This study aims to identify the motivations for knowledge   sharing behaviour that are susceptible to leadership actions in free   software communities. The research was carried out in three phases.   First, a qualitative study involving twenty semi-structured interviews   was conducted among members of a free software community, who suggested   sixteen motivations for knowledge sharing behaviour. These motivations   were then organized into three groups, each with a specific focus: three   motivations only influence knowledge collection and focus on the   knowledge itself; nine motivations only influence knowledge donation and   focus on the individual; and four motivations influence both knowledge   collection and knowledge donation, and focus on the relationships among   individuals. After that, based on the groups of motivation identified in   the previous phase, five leaders from different communities of practice   were interviewed with the aim of identifying the main motivations that   would be susceptible to their actions, which were knowledge quality,   ease of access to knowledge, recognition, community support for   knowledge sharing, learning and professional reasons. Finally, these six   main motivations indicated by the leaders were tested in a quantitative   phase involving 260 members of different free software communities. The   results show that learning and ease of access to knowledge influence   knowledge collection; recognition, community support for knowledge   sharing and knowledge collection influence knowledge donation; and   professional reasons influence both knowledge collection and knowledge   donation in the context of free software communities.",NA
1341,InProceedings,Mudslinging and Manners: Unpacking Conflict in Free and Open Source   Software,"As the nature of virtual work changes, so must our understanding of   important processes such as conflict. The present study examines   conflict in ongoing virtual teams by situating itself in the context of   Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) development. A series of   semi-structured interviews with diverse representatives of the FOSS   community highlight differences in the way conflict occurs.   Specifically, a transformation of conflict types is observed together   with a form of conflict previously unidentified in work on virtual   teams. Findings suggest that the changing structure of ongoing virtual   teams has important consequences for team processes like conflict.",10.1145/2675133.2675254
1343,Article,Networked Entrepreneurs: How Entrepreneurs Leverage Open Source Software   Communities,"In the contemporary economy, work is increasingly becoming   freelance-based while moving online. Open source software communities   are rapidly becoming arenas in which individuals identify, cocreate, and   realize opportunities through shared resources and expertise. Operating   in a communal setting, these individuals, who we label open   entrepreneurs, work and collaborate with members of their own open   source community. In this article, we investigate how networked work   benefits open entrepreneurs, and in particular, we focus on how open   entrepreneurs are connected to other community members and how these   networks affect entrepreneurial processes. Our results suggest that   through different aspects of networked work, open entrepreneurs fulfill   their profit motives not only in the short term but also in the long   term as their networking activities facilitate the overall functioning   and sustainability of the community.",10.1177/0002764214556809
1347,Article,"Nicolai {J}. {Foss}, {Peter} {G}. {Klein}: {Organizing} entrepreneurial judgment: a new approach to the firm: {Cambridge} and {New} {York}: {Cambridge} {University} {Press}, 2012 (299 pages)","Entrepreneurship, long neglected by economists and management scholars, has made a dramatic comeback in the last two decades, not only among academic economists and management scholars, but also among policymakers, educators and practitioners. Likewise, the economic theory of the firm, building on Ronald Coase's (1937) seminal analysis, has become an increasingly important field in economics and management. Despite this resurgence, there is still little connection between the entrepreneurship literature and the literature on the firm, both in academia and in management practice. This book fills this gap by proposing and developing an entrepreneurial theory of the firm that focuses on the connections between entrepreneurship and management. Drawing on insights from Austrian economics, it describes entrepreneurship as judgmental decision made under uncertainty, showing how judgment is the driving force of the market economy and the key to understanding firm performance and organization.",10.1007/s11365-013-0276-1
1348,InProceedings,"Non-response, Social Exclusion, and False Acceptance: Gatekeeping   Tactics and Usability Work in Free-Libre Open Source Software   Development","Usability is an important aspect of Free-Libre Open Source Software   (FLOSS), but barriers exist for usability specialists' participation in   such projects. Organizational boundary literature is interested in the   tensions of online communities, including FLOSS communities. While this   literature recognizes the importance of managing boundaries in online   communities, little empirical research has been conducted on actual   gatekeeping tactics project members perform against outsiders'   contributions. Based on several years of engaged research with FLOSS   projects, we characterize three gatekeeping tactics in FLOSS projects:   non-response, social exclusion, and false acceptance. They all have   hindered usability work. We also offer examples of usability specialists   and their contributions succeeding in avoiding these gatekeeping tactics   in FLOSS projects. This paper provides an important contribution to the   boundary management literature through detailed examination of   gatekeeping tactics in action, as well as to the Human Computer   Interaction literature interested in contributing to FLOSS projects   through usability work.",10.1007/978-3-319-22698-9\\_2
1349,InProceedings,"Non-response, Social Exclusion, and False Acceptance: Gatekeeping Tactics and Usability Work in Free-Libre Open Source Software Development","Usability is an important aspect of Free-Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS), but barriers exist for usability specialists’ participation in such projects. Organizational boundary literature is interested in the tensions of online communities, including FLOSS communities. While this literature recognizes the importance of managing boundaries in online communities, little empirical research has been conducted on actual gatekeeping tactics project members perform against outsiders’ contributions. Based on several years of engaged research with FLOSS projects, we characterize three gatekeeping tactics in FLOSS projects: non-response, social exclusion, and false acceptance. They all have hindered usability work. We also offer examples of usability specialists and their contributions succeeding in avoiding these gatekeeping tactics in FLOSS projects. This paper provides an important contribution to the boundary management literature through detailed examination of gatekeeping tactics in action, as well as to the Human Computer Interaction literature interested in contributing to FLOSS projects through usability work.",10.1007/978-3-319-22698-9_2
1350,InProceedings,On the Availability and Effectiveness of Open Source Software for   Digital Signing of PDF Documents,"Digital signatures are important in order to ensure the integrity and   authenticity of information communicated over the Internet involving   different stakeholders within and beyond the borders of different   nations. The topic has gained increased interest in the European context   and there is legislation and project initiatives aiming to facilitate   use and standardisation of digital signatures. Open standards and open   source implementations of open standards are important means for the   interoperability and long-term maintenance of software systems   implementing digital signatures. In this paper we report from a study   aiming to establish the availability and effectiveness of software   provided under an open source license for digital signing and validation   of PDF documents. Specifically, we characterise the use of digital   signatures in Swedish Governmental agencies, report on the   interoperability of open source and proprietary licensed software for   digital signatures in PDF documents, and establish the effectiveness of   software provided under an open source license for validation of digital   signatures in PDF documents.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_7
1351,InProceedings,On the Need of Integrating Social Media Channels and Open Source   Software Repositories,"The growing interest in the usage of social media channels have   attracted the open source software community to adopt an identity in   order to disseminate project-related information to a wider audience. We   foresee the need to integrate social media channels and open source   software repositories in order to get an integrated view on the software   project not only from the software development perspective but also from   social perspective. Therefore, in this paper we study the usage of   Twitter by software developers through harvesting their project-related   activities on Twitter. In particular, we present the most commonly used   hashtags by software developers and further investigate if   project-related hashtags are the most frequent and commonly used   hashtags by software developers. Based on our findings, we argue that   relevant information from social media channels should be integrated   with the open source software repositories in order to provide a   homogeneous view on a software project.",10.1109/IRI.2015.66
1353,Article,On the Role of Structural Holes in Requirements Identification: An Exploratory Study on Open-Source Software Development,"Requirements identification is a human-centric activity that involves interaction among multiple stakeholders. Traditional requirements engineering (RE) techniques addressing stakeholders’ social interaction are mainly part of a centralized process intertwined with a specific phase of software development. However, in open-source software (OSS) development, stakeholders’ social interactions are often decentralized, iterative, and dynamic. Little is known about new requirements identification in OSS and the stakeholders’ organizational arrangements supporting such an activity. In this article, we investigate the theory of structural hole from the context of contributing new requirements in OSS projects. Structural hole theory suggests that stakeholders positioned in the structural holes in their social network are able to produce new ideas. In this study, we find that structural hole positions emerge in stakeholders’ social network and these positions are positively related to contributing a higher number of new requirements. We find that along with structural hole positions, stakeholders’ role is also an important part in identifying new requirements. We further observe that structural hole positions evolve over time, thereby identifying requirements to realize enriched features. Our work advances the fundamental understanding of the RE process in a decentralized environment and opens avenues for improved techniques supporting this process.",10.1145/2795235
1354,InProceedings,On the role of FOSS business models and participation architectures in supporting open innovation,"Most research regarding innovation in free and open source software (FOSS) pertains to identifying supporting conditions for promoting code contribution. This raises concerns about the ability of FOSS communities to remain innovative based only on the perspectives of developer-users. Preliminary research suggests different open source business models may provide motivation to support greater involvement of non-developer users. This research focuses on understanding the relationship between business model and supporting participation architectures, beyond users' code contributions, to enable user participation in design of the software.",10.1145/2789853.2806215
1355,InProceedings,OntoLiFLOSS: Ontology for Learning Processes in FLOSS Communities,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities are considered an   example of commons-based peer-production models where groups of   participants work together to achieve projects of common purpose. In   these settings, many occurring activities can be documented and have   established them as learning environments. As knowledge exchange is   proved to occur in FLOSS, the dynamic and free nature of participation   poses a great challenge in understanding activities pertaining to   Learning Processes.   In this paper we raise this question and propose an ontology (called   OntoLiFLOSS) in order to define terms and concepts that can explain   learning activities taking place in these communities. The objective of   this endeavor is to define in the simplest possible way a common   definition of concepts and activities that can guide the identification   of learning processes taking place among FLOSS members in any of the   standard repositories such as mailing list, SVN, bug trackers and even   discussion forums.",10.1007/978-3-319-15201-1\\_11
1356,InCollection,Open Growth: The Impact of Open Source Software on Employment in the USA,"Open Source Software (OSS) is well established in sectors as diverse as   aviation, health, telecommunications, finance, publishing, education,   and government. As nations increasingly rely on knowledge assets to   grow, the adoption of OSS will have profound economic consequences. This   paper identifies the mechanisms inherent to OSS production that help   fuel innovation in knowledge-based economies. As a collaborative and   open production model, OSS is conceptualized as a prototype of open   innovation. Drawing on US employment projections for 2008-2018, the   authors' analysis predicts OSS will have a positive impact on employment   growth in well-paid salary jobs across multiple sectors of the US   economy. OSS-related software development jobs are widely diffuse   throughout the economy, help build a skilled labour force and offer   wages significantly above the national average. OSS is thus believed to   be a strong contributor to growth in high-value employment in the US.   The authors also posit that, as industries are exposed to the benefits   of OSS as a result of the broad diffusion of OSS-related jobs, open   innovation processes outside software development may be adopted through   a process of learning and imitation.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch029
1357,InProceedings,Open Source Software (OSS) Quality Assurance: A Survey Paper,"Open source software (OSS) is a software product with the source code   made public so that anyone can read, analyze, and change or improve the   code. The use of this software is under a license, like Apache, GNU,   MIT, Mozilla Public, and Eclipse Public License. Open source software   development (OSSD) provides high quality assurance through user testing   and peer reviews. The quality of these products depends on the size of   the product community. This paper discusses the stakeholders of the OSS   community, the quality assurance frameworks and models proposed in some   studies, some statistics about OSS, the problems that affect the quality   of OSSD, and the advantages and disadvantages of OSS compared to closed   source software. This allows us to understand how we can achieve and   improve the quality assurance and quality control of OSSD. (C) 2015 The   Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.236
1358,InCollection,Open Source Software Development Process Model: A Grounded Theory   Approach,"The global open source movement has provided software users with more   choices, lower software acquisition cost, more flexible software   customization, and possibly higher quality software product. Although   the development of open source software is dynamic and it encourages   innovations, the process can be chaotic and involve members around the   globe. An Open Source Software Development (OSSD) process model to   enhance the survivability of OSSD projects is needed. This research uses   the grounded theory approach to derive a Phase-Role-Skill-Responsibility   (PRSR) OSSD process model. The three OSSD process phases - Launch Stage,   Before the First Release, and Between Releases - address the   characteristics of the OSSD process as well as factors that influence   the OSSD process. In the PRSR model, different roles/actors are required   to have different skills and responsibilities corresponding to each of   the three OSSD process phases. This qualitative research contributes to   the software development literature as well as open source practice.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch051
1359,InProceedings,Open Source Software Ecosystems: Towards a Modelling Framework,"Open source software ecosystem modelling has emerged as an important   research area in software engineering. Several models have been proposed   to identify and analyse the complex relationships in OSS-ecosystems.   However, there is a lack of formal models, methodologies, tool support,   and standard notations for OSS-ecosystems. In this paper we propose a   general framework for support the OSS-ecosystems modelling process. This   framework will allow the representation, synthesis, analysis,   evaluation, and evolution of OSS-ecosystems. Design science methodology   is proposed to create several artefacts and investigating the   suitability of these artefacts in the OSS-ecosystem context.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_16
1360,InProceedings,Open Source Software For Patient Data Management In Critical Care,"We have previously developed a Patient Data Management System for   Intensive Care based on Open Source Software. The aim of this work was   to adapt this software to use in Emergency Departments in low resource   environments. The new software includes facilities for utilization of   the South African Triage Scale and prediction of mortality based on   independent predictive factors derived from data from the Tabarre   Emergency Trauma Center in Port au Prince, Haiti.",10.3233/978-1-61499-564-7-920
1361,InCollection,Open Source Software Integrations,"RapidMiner is a popular open source, Java-based data analytics software.   This chapter shows a case studying how it can be integrated to other   programs. R and Vega integration is also introduced briefly in   connection to open source software integration. The authors cover some   general practices regarding integrating software to a Java environment   and collect some popular open source libraries that are found useful   related to data analytics. They focus mostly on the Java platform,   though some parts of the chapter are applicable to other platforms too.",10.4018/978-1-4666-6477-7.ch012
1362,InCollection,Open Source Software Integrations,"RapidMiner is a popular open source, Java-based data analytics software.   This chapter shows a case studying how it can be integrated to other   programs. R and Vega integration is also introduced briefly in   connection to open source software integration. The authors cover some   general practices regarding integrating software to a Java environment   and collect some popular open source libraries that are found useful   related to data analytics. They focus mostly on the Java platform,   though some parts of the chapter are applicable to other platforms too.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch067
1363,InProceedings,Open Source Software of Smart City Protocols Current Status and   Challenges,"Smart health care, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart homes,   smart water networks and smart electric grids may form the main parts of   future smart cities. Standard communication protocols facilitate   interconnectivity between software components and assure   interoperability between different stakeholders of these components. For   electric grids, standards introduce an open Smart Grid for liberalized   service-oriented electricity markets by smoothing the way for business   interactions and trades. Many organizations such as IEC and IEEE are   introducing their standard communication protocols for future smart   power grids and their associated smart meters. These standards include   but not limited to, IEEE 802, IEEE 1815, IEEE 1901, IEC 62056, IEC   60870-5-104, IEC 61850, etc. For smart buildings, smart homes and some   wireless sensor networks (WSN), ZigBee is widely used. For smart roads,   Internet of Things (IoT) is used in some cases including its messaging   protocol Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) together with WSN. In   this paper, open source software (OSS) implementation of such standard   protocols is discussed, including obstacles and advantages of a such   implementation. Moreover, wireless telecommunication infrastructures   including Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth are investigated for the right   choice of Smart City applications' infrastructure, since the employment   of a standard should be compatible with the field of application, timing   requirements and data transmission rate.",NA
1364,InCollection,Open Source Software to Enhance the STEM Learning Environment,"This chapter examines the use of Open Source Software (OSS) technologies   that can be used to improve the learning of Science, Technology,   Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Explored are the various methods   that can be utilized to improve the percentage of STEM majors in the   American educational system with resources such as: Open Source as   Alternative (OSALT), virtualization, cloud computing, Linux   distributions, open source programming, and open source hardware   platforms. Increasing the amount of students that pursue STEM majors is   important because the projected job growth in the STEM field compared to   non-STEM jobs is 33\\%. OSALT provides cost-effective alternatives to   commercial products such as Microsoft Office Suite and Adobe Photoshop.   Second, creating Virtual Machines (VMs) is another avenue to teach   complex concepts in computer science, engineering, and Information   Technology (IT). Third, cloud computing is an inexpensive way for   clients to access information from multiple locations and devices.   Fourth, universities can use the Operating System (OS) Linux and its   various distributions as replacements for commercial operating systems   like Windows in order to reduce IT costs. Lastly, open source   programming languages like Python and their associated Integrated   Development Environments (IDEs) provide comprehensive facilities for   software engineers for application development or testing.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch075
1365,Article,"Open source software for quantification of cell migration, protrusions,   and fluorescence intensities","Cell migration is frequently accompanied by changes in cell morphology   (morphodynamics) on a range of spatial and temporal scales. Despite   recent advances in imaging techniques, the application of unbiased   computational image analysis methods for morphodynamic quantification is   rare. For example, manual analysis using kymographs is still   commonplace, often caused by lack of access to user-friendly, automated   tools. We now describe software designed for the automated   quantification of cell migration and morphodynamics. Implemented as a   plug-in for the open-source platform, ImageJ, ADAPT is capable of rapid,   automated analysis of migration and membrane protrusions, together with   associated fluorescently labeled proteins, across multiple cells. We   demonstrate the ability of the software by quantifying variations in   cell population migration rates on different extracellular matrices. We   also show that ADAPT can detect and morphologically profile filopodia.   Finally, we have used ADAPT to compile an unbiased description of a   ``typical{''} bleb formed at the plasma membrane and quantify the effect   of Arp2/3 complex inhibition on bleb retraction.",10.1083/jcb.201501081
1366,Article,Open source software for visualization and quality control of continuous   hydrologic and water quality sensor data,"It is common for in situ hydrologic and water quality data to be   collected at high frequencies and for extended durations. These data   streams, which may also be collected across many monitoring sites   require infrastructure for data storage and management. The Observations   Data Model (ODM), which is part of the Consortium of Universities for   the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic   Information System (HIS), was developed as a standard data model in   which to organize, store, and describe point observations data. In this   paper we describe ODM Tools Python, an open source software application   that allows users to query and export, visualize, and perform quality   control post processing on time series of environmental observations   data stored in an ODM database using automated Python scripting that   records the corrections and adjustments made to data series in the   quality control process and ensures data editing steps are traceable and   reproducible. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.002
1367,Article,Open source software: The effects of training on acceptance,"Open Source Software (OSS) is an alternative to proprietary software. It   is growing in popularity, which has brought about an increase in   research interest. Most of the research studies have focused on   identifying individual personal motives for participating in the   development of an OSS project, analyzing specific solutions, or the OSS   movement, itself. No studies have been found which have undertaken   research on the impact of user experience and training on OSS. The study   reported here sought to identify factors that predict acceptance of   technologies based on OSS after training in these solutions. A research   model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) was   developed. Furthermore, the possible moderating effects of users'   gender, age and level of education were analyzed. It was found that   external determinants such as user training, user fit, technological   complexity and trainers' support were important indicators in the   success of adopting these solutions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.029
1368,Article,OrthoDB v8: update of the hierarchical catalog of orthologs and the   underlying free software,"Orthology, refining the concept of homology, is the cornerstone of   evolutionary comparative studies. With the ever-increasing availability   of genomic data, inference of orthology has become instrumental for   generating hypotheses about gene functions crucial to many studies. This   update of the OrthoDB hierarchical catalog of orthologs   (http://www.orthodb.org) covers 3027 complete genomes, including the   most comprehensive set of 87 arthropods, 61 vertebrates, 227 fungi and   2627 bacteria (sampling the most complete and representative genomes   from over 11,000 available). In addition to the most extensive   integration of functional annotations from UniProt, InterPro, GO, OMIM,   model organism phenotypes and COG functional categories, OrthoDB   uniquely provides evolutionary annotations including rates of ortholog   sequence divergence, copy-number profiles, sibling groups and gene   architectures. We re-designed the entirety of the OrthoDB website from   the underlying technology to the user interface, enabling the user to   specify species of interest and to select the relevant orthology level   by the NCBI taxonomy. The text searches allow use of complex logic with   various identifiers of genes, proteins, domains, ontologies or   annotation keywords and phrases. Gene copy-number profiles can also be   queried. This release comes with the freely available underlying   ortholog clustering pipeline (http://www.orthodb.org/).",10.1093/nar/gku1220
1369,Article,Perceived Firm Attributes and Intrinsic Motivation in Sponsored Open   Source Software Projects,"Voluntary contributions are crucial to the success of open source   software (OSS) projects. Firms sponsoring OSS projects may face   substantial challenges in soliciting such contributions, since volunteer   participants are neither regulated by an employment contract nor offered   financial incentives. Although prior work has shown the positive impact   of motivation on the effort expended by volunteer participants, there is   limited understanding of how specific firm attributes shape volunteers'   intrinsic motivation. We offer a theoretical model of how the perceived   community-based credibility and openness of the sponsoring firm have a   positive impact on the intrinsic motivation of volunteer participants.   The model is explored using survey data on volunteer participants from   two sponsored OSS projects. Results show that a sponsoring firm's   community-based credibility (OSS developers' perception of its expertise   and trustworthiness) and openness (its mutual knowledge exchange with   the community) strengthen the volunteer participants' social   identification with the firm-sponsored community, which in turn   reinforces their intrinsic motivation to participate. Moreover, the   perceived community-based credibility of a sponsoring firm directly   enhances volunteer participants' intrinsic motivation, whereas perceived   openness fails to affect motivation without the mediating mechanism of   social identification. Implications for firms seeking voluntary   contributions for their sponsored OSS projects are discussed.",10.1287/isre.2014.0539
1371,InProceedings,Power System Fault Simulation in SG-OSS DTS,"With the increasing complexity of grid dispatching, it becomes an   inescapable trend to implement a full dynamic simulation of DTS while   fault simulation is a key component in dynamic simulation. This paper   describes the design and implementation of fault simulation in a new   generation of DTS based on multi-threaded multi-core processor   architecture of parallel computing algorithm. Firstly describes the core   design calculations for the fault, then describes the characteristics   and features of fault simulation in the DTS environment. A numerical   example was given to show the feasibility and practicability in   large-scale power grid.",NA
1372,InProceedings,Private-Collective Innovation and Open Source Software: Longitudinal   Insights from Linux Kernel Development,"While in early years, software technology companies such as IBM and   Novell invested time and resources in open source software (OSS)   development, today even user firms (e.g., Samsung) invest in OSS   development. Thus, today's professional OSS projects receive   contributions from hobbyists, universities, research centers, as well as   software vendors and user firms. Theorists have referred to this kind of   combined public and private investments in innovation creation as   private-collective innovation. In particular, the private-collective   innovation model seeks to explain why firms privately invest resources   to create artifacts that share the characteristics of non-rivalry and   non-excludability. The aim of this research is to investigate how   different contributor groups associated with public and increasing   private interests interact in an OSS development project. The results of   the study show that the balance between private and collective   contributors in the Linux kernel development seems to be changing to an   open source project that is mostly developed jointly by private   companies.",10.1007/978-3-319-25013-7\\_24
1373,InProceedings,Private-Collective Innovation and Open Source Software: Longitudinal Insights from Linux Kernel Development,"While in early years, software technology companies such as IBM and Novell invested time and resources in open source software (OSS) development, today even user firms (e.g., Samsung) invest in OSS development. Thus, today’s professional OSS projects receive contributions from hobbyists, universities, research centers, as well as software vendors and user firms. Theorists have referred to this kind of combined public and private investments in innovation creation as private-collective innovation. In particular, the private-collective innovation model seeks to explain why firms privately invest resources to create artifacts that share the characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludability. The aim of this research is to investigate how different contributor groups associated with public and increasing private interests interact in an OSS development project. The results of the study show that the balance between private and collective contributors in the Linux kernel development seems to be changing to an open source project that is mostly developed jointly by private companies.",10.1007/978-3-319-25013-7_24
1374,InProceedings,Process Mining Event Logs from FLOSS Data: State of the Art and   Perspectives,"Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is a phenomenon that has   undoubtedly triggered extensive research endeavors. At the heart of   these initiatives is the ability to mine data from FLOSS repositories   with the hope of revealing empirical evidence to answer existing   questions on the FLOSS development process. In spite of the success   produced with existing mining techniques, emerging questions about FLOSS   data require alternative and more appropriate ways to explore and   analyse such data.   In this paper, we explore a different perspective called process mining.   Process mining has been proved to be successful in terms of tracing and   reconstructing process models from data logs (event logs). The chief   objective of our analysis is threefold. We aim to achieve: (1)   conformance to predefined models; (2) discovery of new model patterns;   and, finally, (3) extension to predefined models.",10.1007/978-3-319-15201-1\\_12
1375,Article,Raising the general public's awareness and adoption of open source   software through social Q\\&A interactions,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the general public's   information needs concerning open source software (OSS) and OSS   answerers' motivations for sharing their knowledge of OSS in social   Q\\&A.   Design/methodology/approach - Two studies were carried out. In Study 1,   a content analysis classifying OSS-related questions posted during   December 2005-December 2012 in Yahoo! Answers was employed to   investigate the general public's information needs regarding OSS. In   Study 2, an online survey was conducted with OSS answerers in Yahoo!   Answers in order to examine what motivates them to share and continue to   share their knowledge of OSS in social Q\\&A. In total, 1,463 invitations   were sent out via Yahoo! Answers' internal e-mail function to those who   provided answers to OSS-related questions during September   2009-September 2012. In total, 150 usable surveys were returned and used   for data analysis.   Findings - The findings from Study 1 indicate that the general public is   most interested in finding out if there is OSS that meets their software   need in a certain category (51.4 percent). Other popular question   categories include the general description of OSS (15.6 percent),   technical issues that they have with OSS (9.8 percent), and the   advantages/disadvantages of using OSS (7.0 percent). Results on OSS   answerers' motivations from Study 2 support that all seven motivations   identified (i.e. altruism, enjoyment, ideology, learning, reputation,   reciprocity, and self-efficacy) are important, with the smallest mean   value being 4.42 out of seven (i.e. reciprocity). However, only   altruism, ideology, self-efficacy, and enjoyment were found to   significantly influence contribution continuance intention.   Practical implications - With social Q\\&A growing in popularity, OSS   communities that look for ways to draw in more users from the general   public are recommended to increase their presence in social Q\\&A. The   findings with regard to OSS answerers' motivations can also help OSS   community leaders attract and guide more members who are interested in   sharing their OSS knowledge in social Q\\&A.   Originality/value - By classifying OSS-related questions that are   publicly available in Yahoo! Answers, this study offers a breakdown of   the general public's information needs regarding OSS. In addition,   results on OSS answerers' motivations suggest that in order to sustain   their member contributions in social Q\\&A, OSS community leaders should   pay more attention to nurturing the motivations that are intrinsic (i.e.   altruism, self-efficacy, enjoyment) and integrated (i.e. ideology).",10.1108/OIR-06-2014-0139
1379,InProceedings,Ranking Open Source Software Based on Crowd Wisdom,"Software reuse is critical in open source based software development,   but it is very difficult to find a excellent reusable from large amount   of similar candidate software in communities. Currently, lots of   research works evaluate software by analyzing artifacts created by   software developers, few of them reveals the power of feedbacks   generated by software users, which we believe very valuable for software   ranking. In this paper, we connect open source software from different   communities with user feedbacks in StackOverflow, and explore the   correlation between the popularity of posts and time. Finally we rank   open source software through using information of connected posts in   StackOverflow and compare our ranking result with several influential   ranking results like DB-Engines and personal blogs. The comparison   results show that our approach can amazingly give similar ranking   results to that given by experienced professionals or commercial ranking   systems.",NA
1380,InCollection,Replacing Proprietary Software with Open Source Software: Implications,"Most companies face high expenditures and numerous challenges in today's   competitive industrial environment where cost of technology can be an   extra burden. To address these challenges, businesses can use Open   Source Software (OSS). Even though OSS provides many benefits, including   high-quality software and substantial profit (Sohn \\& Mok, 2008), OSS   also has a number of disadvantages. In several countries, governments   have begun to recognize the importance of OSS and have started to adopt   explicit policies on OSS (Cook \\& Horobin, 2006). Open Source Software   holds several compelling benefits for businesses. Information on   wide-ranging use and examples of OSS in organizations are scattered and   sometimes skewed to a few OSS. The chapter identifies different OSS that   are currently used or have the potential to substitute other proprietary   software packages in business; how organizations share information and   how OSS is used globally by organizations and governments and their   implications thereof is reviewed.",10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch066
1381,Article,Research on obtaining Calotropis gigantea floss from the pods with   microwave drying,"In the process of obtaining Calotropis gigantea seed fibers from pods,   drying and broadening pod suture are the prerequisites of harvesting   fibers. In this paper, the drying characteristics of Calotropis gigantea   pods on microwave radiation by using different drying methods, different   microwave powers, and different time periods, are studied, and the   corresponding impacts on fiber quality are analyzed. The experimental   results show that obtaining Calotropis gigantea seed fibers by microwave   heating the pods is feasible. Compared to natural air drying and hot air   drying, the microwave drying (MW can significantly improve the drying   efficiency and reduce the drying time by more than 5 times. The   microwave power has considerable influences on the drying rate. However,   the fiber strength and break elongation are reduced with the increase of   microwave power due to fiber structural change caused by the high   temperature inside the pod. Compared with intermittent radiation, the   moisture loss rate of the pods is greater in continuous radiation mode,   but the pod internal temperature is higher, which is harmful to the   quality of the fibers. Varying power radiation, which uses lower power   first, then higher, could shorten drying time without impeding the pods'   abdominal suture broadening.",NA
1382,Article,Review of free software tools for image analysis of fluorescence cell   micrographs,"An increasing number of free software tools have been made available for   the evaluation of fluorescence cell micrographs. The main users are   biologists and related life scientists with no or little knowledge of   image processing. In this review, we give an overview of available tools   and guidelines about which tools the users should use to segment   fluorescence micrographs. We selected 15 free tools and divided them   into stand-alone, Matlab-based, ImageJ-based, free demo versions of   commercial tools and data sharing tools. The review consists of two   parts: First, we developed a criteria catalogue and rated the tools   regarding structural requirements, functionality (flexibility,   segmentation and image processing filters) and usability (documentation,   data management, usability and visualization). Second, we performed an   image processing case study with four representative fluorescence   micrograph segmentation tasks with figure-ground and cell separation.   The tools display a wide range of functionality and usability. In the   image processing case study, we were able to perform figure-ground   separation in all micrographs using mainly thresholding. Cell separation   was not possible with most of the tools, because cell separation methods   are provided only by a subset of the tools and are difficult to   parametrize and to use. Most important is that the usability matches the   functionality of a tool. To be usable, specialized tools with less   functionality need to fulfill less usability criteria, whereas   multipurpose tools need a well-structured menu and intuitive graphical   user interface.",10.1111/jmi.12184
1383,InProceedings,Role Distribution and Transformation in Open Source Software Project   Teams,"In Free/Libre and Open-Source Software (FLOSS) project teams, different   roles make different types of contributions to the projects, and it has   been demonstrated that keeping a rational role distribution is of great   significance to the potential growth and expansion of the projects. To   identify the underlying patterns of team structures and role   transformations, we perform an empirical study on 89 popular GitHub   projects. The distribution of 9 roles and 66 types of role   transformations are analyzed. Four clusters of FLOSS projects are   identified in terms of the distinct characteristics on the proportion of   9 roles (i.e., the team structure) and the frequency of occurrence,   duration, and Times of Activeness (ToA) of role transformations. This   study would help FLOSS project coordinator have a deeper understanding   of dynamic role distributions and role transformations in their teams,   so as to take initiatives to improve their team structures.",10.1109/APSEC.2015.12
1384,InProceedings,Scaling and Internationalizing an Agile FOSS Project: Lessons Learned,"This paper describes problems that arose with the scaling and   internationalization of the open source project Catrobat. The problems   we faced were the lack of a centralized user management, insufficient   scaling of our communication channels, and the necessity to adapt agile   development techniques to remote collaboration. To solve the problems we   decided to use a mix of open source tools (Git, IRC, LDAP) and   commercial solutions (Jira, Confluence, GitHub) because we believe that   this mix best fits our needs. Other projects can benefit from the   lessons we learned during the reorganization of our knowledge base and   communication tools, as infrastructure changes can be very   labor-intensive and time-consuming.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_2
1385,InProceedings,Social Barriers Faced by Newcomers Placing Their First Contribution in   Open Source Software Projects,"Newcomers' seamless onboarding is important for online communities that   depend upon leveraging the contribution of outsiders. Previous studies   investigated aspects of the joining process and motivation in open   collaboration communities, but few have focused on identifying and   understanding the critical barriers newcomers face when placing their   first contribution, a period that frequently leads to dropout. This is   important for Open Source Software (OSS) projects, which receive   contributions from many one-time contributors. Focusing on OSS, our   study qualitatively analyzed social barriers that hindered newcomers'   first contributions. We defined a conceptual model composed of 58   barriers including 13 social barriers. The barriers were identified from   a qualitative data analysis considering different sources: a systematic   literature review; open question responses gathered from OSS projects'   contributors; students contributing to OSS projects; and semi-structured   interviews with 36 developers from 14 different projects. This paper   focuses on social barriers and its contributions include gathering   empirical evidence of the barriers faced by newcomers, organizing and   better understanding these barriers, surveying the literature from the   perspective of the barriers, and identifying new potential research   streams.",10.1145/2675133.2675215
1387,InProceedings,Social Network Analysis of Developers' and Users' Mailing Lists of Some Free Open Source Software,"As reported by Kevin Crowston and co-authors in a recent paper, free open source software is a very important social phenomenon that involves nearly one million programmers, a myriad of software development firms, millions of users, and its financial impact is huge since for instance the cost of recreating available free software is estimated in tens of billions of euros. Free open source software projects generally have one mailing list for developers and another one for users. This large number of mailing lists changes constantly and shows a great variety with respect to membership and topics covered. This makes them very difficult to monitor. One way of overcoming this Big Data Challenge is to identify some easily computable global indicators that can be used for instance to detect important events. We illustrate this approach here by making a social network analysis and comparison of developers' and users' mailing lists of four free open source software projects: CentOS, GnuPG, Mailman and Samba. We show that these mailing lists have some common characteristics: the number of messages, the time durations and the interlink times can be fitted using power and lognormal laws with suitable scales and parameters, for the interlink time, the analysis is done using the temporal delta density inspired by the delta density introduced by Viard and Latapy. This similarity between the characteristics of mailing lists also applies to the structure of dominant groups. For the time evolution of the number of messages, GnuPG exhibits a particular behavior. The interpretation of the different parameters gives very interesting insights into the membership and the type of topics covered by the mailing lists. The analysis carried out here and similar studies cited in this paper can therefore be considered as a first step towards the designing of building blocks for monitoring mailing lists.",10.1109/BigDataCongress.2015.119
1389,InProceedings,Student Contributions to Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) (Abstract Only),"Can students contribute to HFOSS projects as part of their computing curriculum? How and at what level can HFOSS be integrated? What are the success stories and challenges? This BOF will be led by a diverse group of faculty who have incorporated HFOSS into their classes. They will lead a discussion on the various approaches, successes and challenges they have encountered. Their experiences will provide a backdrop for this BOF session, which should lead to a lively discussion of how and why to use HFOSS in computing courses. Faculty who are interested in HFOSS, but who are novices, will learn about potential projects and classroom materials as well as make connections with more experienced faculty in this area.",10.1145/2676723.2691844
1390,Article,Success and Abandonment of OSS Library Management Systems,"The purpose of this article is to study the open source library   management systems (LMSs) and to find the present development. The   development and community activity is studied by examining `release   activity' and `mailing list / discussion forum activity by applying   different the methodologies. Other aspects of open source library   management systems such as longevity, features, license, documentation,   technology used are also studied. It is found that out of 31 open source   library management systems only 15 systems are currently active. Maximum   active open source LMSs have institutional support. Fifty per cent of   LMS project are inactive or abandoned. This study covers success and   abandonment aspects of open source LMSs and provides current status open   source library management systems.",10.14429/djlit.35.6.8866
1392,InProceedings,Successful or Unsuccessful Open Source Software Projects: What is the   key?,"This paper aims to analyse the key factors influencing knowledge sharing   in open source software projects. Four deep cases are analyzed to   develop a conceptual framework based on within-case and cross-case   analysis. In terms of data collection, online (including skype meeting,   email, email-list, IRC, forum, group meeting, etc) and offline (mainly   with face-to-face discussion) activities are two major platforms. The   research framework is that distributed innovation (independent variable)   will influence shared knowledge (medium variable) and continue to affect   the performance of OSS projects (dependent variable). During distributed   innovation, developers located on the supply side will affect the shared   knowledge from the aspects of Participative Motivation, Social Network   and Organizational Culture. Meanwhile, users situated on the demand side   will function from the view of user innovation.",NA
1394,InProceedings,Surveying the Adoption of FLOSS by Public Administration Local   Organizations,"Background. The introduction of Open Source Software technologies in the   Public Administration plays a key role in the spread of Open Source   Software. The state of the art in the adoption of Open Source Software   solutions in the Public Administration is not very well known even in   areas like Lombardy, which is Italy's largest and most developed region.   Goal. The goal of the investigation documented in this paper is to   obtain a clear picture about the introduction of Open Source Software   technologies in the Public Administration, the obstacles to their   adoption, and the willingness of stakeholders to proceed with their   introduction. Method. We carried out a qualitative and quantitative   survey that was submitted to a representative part of the Public   Administrations in Lombardy.   Results. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative information   shows that several Public Administrations are already using Open Source   Software technologies, though not in all application areas. The savings   are one frequently cited incentive to the adoption of Open Source   Software. However, one obstacle is the fact that a comprehensive law on   software in the Public Administration has not yet been approved.   Conclusions. Our analysis provides results that indicate a common   understanding of incentives, obstacles, and opportunities for Open   Source Software technologies in Public Administrations.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_11
1395,Article,Sustainability and social responsibility reporting in open source   software,"Digital commons have held the interest of the research community in   recent years. However, institutional recognition has not been fully   awarded mainly due to the absence of a comprehensive reporting   framework. The objective of our research is to identify indicators in   order to measure open source projects performance. Motivation that led   us to carry out this analysis was the fact that, despite the many   benefits attributed to open sourcing, no information about it was   disclosed on annual reports. We are based on previous literature about   creating institutions to governing the commons. One of the key goals is   institutional reporting to members of the community, so we believe that   a reporting model based on social responsibility framework is clearly   suitable for this purpose. Social responsibility and sustainability are   about enabling organizations to incorporate creation of social,   environmental and economic value into core strategy and operations;   their reporting is key to create value for organizations, their   stakeholders and society as a whole. To reach our goal, we asked a panel   of open source experts their opinion about the key success factors and   other relevant variables for the purpose of recommending a methodology   to calculate specific indicators to be disclosed on social   responsibility reports.",NA
1397,Article,THE EMERGENCE OF OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR THE WEATHER RADAR COMMUNITY,"Weather radar analysis has become increasingly sophisticated over the   past 50 years, and efforts to keep software up to date have generally   lagged behind the needs of the users. We argue that progress has been   impeded by the fact that software has not been developed and shared as a   community.   Recently, the situation has been changing. In this paper, the developers   of a number of open-source software (OSS) projects highlight the   potential of OSS to advance radar-related research. We argue that the   community-based development of OSS holds the potential to reduce   duplication of efforts and to create transparency in implemented   algorithms while improving the quality and scope of the software. We   also conclude that there is sufficiently mature technology to support   collaboration across different software projects. This could allow for   consolidation toward a set of interoperable software platforms, each   designed to accommodate very specific user requirements.",10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00240.1
1398,Article,Taxonomy of technological risks of open source software in the   enterprise adoption context,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the technological   risks in the context of open source software (OSS) and suggest an   integrative OSS risk taxonomy.   Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted an extensive   literature review followed by expert interviews and applied the method   for taxonomy development.   Findings - This research has identified an integrative OSS risk taxonomy   composed of 8 categories with 51 risk items.   Originality/value - This taxonomy is a very useful tool for   practitioners during the decision-making process when evaluating,   assessing and calculating risks related to OSS adoption. Moreover,   researchers can use it as a starting point for future studies to better   understand the OSS phenomenon.",10.1108/ICS-08-2014-0056
1399,Article,Team Project Experiences in Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software   (HFOSS),"Providing students with the professional, communication, and technical   skills necessary to contribute to an ongoing software project is   critical, yet often difficult in higher education. Involving student   teams in real-world projects developed by professional software   engineers for actual users is invaluable. Free and Open Source Software   (FOSS) has emerged as an important approach to creating, managing, and   distributing software products. Involvement in a FOSS project provides   students with experience developing within a professional environment,   with a professional community, and has the additional benefit that all   communication and artifacts are publicly accessible. Humanitarian Free   and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects benefit the human condition in   some manner. They can range from disaster management to microfinance to   election-monitoring applications. This article discusses the benefits   and challenges of students participating in HFOSS projects within the   context of undergraduate computing degree programs. This article reports   on a 6-year study of students' self-reported attitudes and learning from   participation in an HFOSS project. Results indicate that working on an   HFOSS project increases interest in computing. In addition, students   perceive that they are gaining experience in developing software in a   distributed environment with the attendant skills of communication,   distributed teamwork, and more.",10.1145/2684812
1401,Article,Team project experiences in humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS): faculty poster abstract,"Providing students with the professional, communication and technical skills necessary to contribute to an ongoing software project is critical, yet often difficult in higher education. Involving student teams in real-world projects developed by professional software engineers for actual users is invaluable. Involvement in a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project provides students with experience developing within a professional environment, with a professional community, and has the additional benefit that all communication and artifacts are publicly accessible. Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects benefit the human condition in some manner. They can range from disaster management to microfinance to election monitoring applications. This poster presents results of a six-year study of students' self-reported attitudes and learning from participation in an HFOSS project [1].",NA
1402,Article,Testing the water: detecting artificial water points using freely   available satellite data and open source software,"Deserts are among the most poorly understood biomes in the world,   currently experiencing among the highest rates of environmental change   and biodiversity loss. A major controlling factor on the ecology and   distribution of vegetation and animal populations in these harsh arid   systems is the abundance and distribution of water sources. Accordingly,   extraction and redistribution of water at artificial water points across   desert landscapes can constitute a real threat to local ecosystem   dynamics. A major challenge in tackling this potential threat is   identifying changes in the distribution of artificial water points   through space and time, due to the difficulties of collecting such   information at relevant spatial and temporal scales. We here investigate   the potential for freely available satellite imagery to provide reliable   information about the distribution of artificial water points using the   Ouadi Rime-Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve (OROAFR), Chad, as a case study.   We reveal that Landsat 8 data combined with texture analysis can   accurately detect these artificial landmarks across the heterogeneous   environment of OROAFR; 75.68\\% of artificial water points within the   site were successfully identified and false positive detection rate was   minimal at 7.69\\%. The methodological framework developed for this work,   based on the treatment of freely available satellite data using open   source software, adds to other works attempting to help monitor threats   to biodiversity in desert ecosystems, enabling up-to-date information on   the level of anthropogenic activities in these habitats to be easily and   regularly collected.",10.1002/rse2.5
1404,InProceedings,The Diffusion of Pastebin Tools to Enhance Communication in FLOSS   Mailing Lists,"This paper describes how software developers who use mailing lists to   communicate reacted and adjusted to a new supplementary collaboration   tool, called a pastebin service. Using publicly-available archives of   8800 mailing lists, we examine the adoption of the pastebin tool by   software developers and compare it to the model presented in Diffusion   of Innovation (DoI) theory. We then compare the rate at which software   developers decided whether to accept or reject the new pastebin tools.   We find that the overall rate of pastebin adoption follows the S-curve   predicted by classic DoI theory. We then compare the individual pastebin   services and their rates of adoption, as well as the reaction of   different communities to the new tools and the various rationales for   accepting or rejecting them.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_5
1405,InProceedings,The Impact of Person-Organization Fit and Psychological Ownership on   Turnover in Open Source Software Projects,"Open source software (OSS) projects represent an alternate form of   software production by relying primarily on voluntary contributions.   Despite the immense success of several mainstream OSS projects such as   Mozilla, Linux, and Apache, a vast majority of such projects fail to   sustain their development due to high levels of developer turnover.   While existing research in the area has offered a rich foundation, we   know little about how developers' perceptions of fit with the project   environment may be moderated by the sense of ownership they have toward   the project and how it may impact their turnover intentions. Using   survey data from 574 GitHub developers, we tested a model to examine the   impact of Person-Organization fit and psychological ownership on   developers' turnover intentions. Our results suggest that two relevant   dimensions of fit, namely, value and demands-abilities fit, negatively   impact turnover intentions and that their sense of ownership moderates   these effects.",NA
1407,Article,The MetaProteomeAnalyzer: A Powerful Open-Source Software Suite for   Metaproteomics Data Analysis and Interpretation,"The enormous challenges of mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics are   primarily related to the analysis and interpretation of the acquired   data. This includes reliable identification of mass spectra and the   meaningful integration of taxonomic and functional meta-information from   samples containing hundreds of unknown species. To ease these   difficulties, we developed a dedicated software suite, the   MetaProteomeAnalyzer, an intuitive open-source tool for metaproteomics   data analysis and interpretation, which includes multiple search engines   and the feature to decrease data redundancy by grouping protein hits to   so-called meta-proteins. We also designed a graph database back-end for   the MetaProteomeAnalyzer to allow seamless analysis of results. The   functionality of the MetaProteomeAnalyzer is demonstrated using a sample   of a microbial community taken from a biogas plant.",10.1021/pr501246w
1408,Article,The Politics of Sequence: Data Sharing and the Open Source Software   Movement,"The Bermuda Principles (1996) have been celebrated as a landmark for   data sharing and open science. However, the form that data sharing took   in genomics was a result of specific technological practices. Biologists   developed and adopted technologies of the nascent World Wide Web and   Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities for sharing biological   information. These technologies supported decentralized, collaborative,   and nonproprietary modes of production in biology. Such technologies   were appealing not merely because they were expedient for genomic work   but because they also offered a way of promoting a particular form of   genomic practice. As the genome sequencing centers scaled up their   sharing efforts, a small group of computer-savvy biologists used these   tools to promote the interests of the public genome sequencing effort.   The agreements at Bermuda should be understood as part of this attempt   to foster a particular form of genomic work.",10.7560/IC50402
1409,InProceedings,The RISCOSS Platform for Risk Management in Open Source Software   Adoption,"Managing risks related to OSS adoption is a must for organizations that   need to smoothly integrate OSS-related practices in their development   processes. Adequate tool support may pave the road to effective risk   management and ensure the sustainability of such activity. In this   paper, we present the RISCOSS platform for managing risks in OSS   adoption. RISCOSS builds upon a highly configurable data model that   allows customization to several types of scopes. It implements two   different working modes: exploration, where the impact of decisions may   be assessed before making them; and continuous assessment, where risk   variables (and their possible consequences on business goals) are   continuously monitored and reported to decision-makers. The   blackboard-oriented architecture of the platform defines several   interfaces for the identified techniques, allowing new techniques to be   plugged in.",10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0\\_12
1411,InProceedings,The Success of Open Source Software: A Review,"Open source software (OSS) is software with its source code available   that may be used, copied, and distributed with or without modifications,   and that may be offered either with or without a fee. In this paper we   present an overview of the state-of-the-art OSS-related research from   different fields and disciplines of the social and information sciences.   The emerging work on understanding OSS has questioned what has led to   its prosperity. We present an historical review of its success, and we   discuss some of the key factors that contributed to the rise of the OSS,   mainly from the perspective of the software engineering and economics.   We conclude with some real-life business examples of companies that   achieved their profit with OSS.",NA
1412,Article,The Use of Google Earth Images and QGIS Open-Source Software in Social   Studies Education,"In this study, map and scale issues in ``Life on Earth{''} unit of the   ``People, Places and Environments{''} learning area covered in the   Middle School 6th Grade Social Studies have been addressed. While skills   to be addressed directly on this topic are ``map reading and atlas   use{''}; the major value wished to be gained by the students is the   ``sensitivity to the natural environmental{''}.   The present study aimed at developing an exemplary application for the   social studies lessons on map-scale issues by the use of Google Earth   images and an open-source GIS software, QGIS. The main objective here is   to enable students construct a map of the place in which they live by   the help of Google Earth images and open-source GIS software. For the   activity, students first download the maps of where they live from the   Google Earth application; and then they carry out a number of tasks to   create their own maps with all the aspects such as length, direction and   so in order to develop their skills on map reading.   In this present study, by doing such an exemplary lesson activity,   students create maps of where they live; that is, they integrate   technology into their learning environment as well as they exercise   active learning principles which help them grasp the knowledge, skills   and values better.",NA
1413,Article,The characteristics and motivations of library open source software   developers: An empirical study,"Although there is an abundance of literature regarding the motivations   of open source software (OSS) developers, researchers have not examined   the specific motivations and characteristics of developers participating   in library open source software (LOSS) projects. The characteristics and   motivations of 126 LOSS developers associated with SourceForge,   Foss4Lib, and Code4Lib are explored through an online survey. The   questionnaire included items measuring select demographic attributes;   scaled items measuring intrinsic, extrinsic, and internalized-extrinsic   motivations; and open-ended questions. In comparison with the general   OSS community, the results indicate that LOSS developers have high   levels of intrinsic (i.e., altruism and fun) and internalized-extrinsic   (i.e., learning and personal needs) motivations, higher diversity in   gender, higher levels of formal education, previous library-related work   experience, and a strong library ethos. Using this research,   stakeholders can devise strategies to improve participation in LOSS   projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.lisr.2015.02.007
1414,InProceedings,Towards Supporting the Analysis of Online Discussions in OSS   Communities: A Speech-Act Based Approach,"Open-Source Software (OSS) community members report bugs, request   features or clarifications by writing messages (in unstructured natural   language) to mailing lists. Analysts examine them dealing with an effort   demanding and error prone task, which requires reading huge threads of   emails. Automated support for retrieving relevant information and   particularly for recognizing discussants' intentions (e.g., suggesting,   complaining) can support analysts, and allow them to increase the   performance of this task. Online discussions are almost synchronous   written conversations that can be analyzed applying computational   linguistic techniques that build on the speech act theory. Our approach   builds on this observation. We propose to analyze OSS mailing-list   discussions in terms of the linguistic and non-linguistic acts expressed   by the participants, and provide a tool-supported speech-act analysis   method. In this paper we describe this method and discuss how to   empirically evaluate it. We discuss the results of the first execution   of an empirical study that involved 20 subjects.",10.1007/978-3-319-19270-3\\_14
1415,InProceedings,Towards Sustainable Development Through Open Source Software in GCC,"According to a recent survey by the World Economic Forum: The Global   Information Technology Report 2014, several Gulf Cooperation Council   states have continued their efforts to improve ICT uptake and better   integrate ICT into more robust innovation ecosystems in order to obtain   higher returns. For example, the UAE now ranks 24th and KSA ranks 32nd   in the world. In this research paper, we conduct a comparison study of   Open Source Software usage in both countries to understand the current   state of Open Source Software in the GCC. It is the first study of its   kind in this part of the world and will add great value to the global   direction for Open Source Software.",10.1109/ISSPIT.2015.7394391
1417,InProceedings,Towards a Marketplace of Open Source Software Data,"Development, distribution and use of open source software comprise a   market of data (source code, bug reports, documentation, number of   downloads, etc.) from projects, developers and users. This large amount   of data hampers people to make sense of implicit links between software   projects, e.g., dependencies, patterns, licenses. This context raises   the question of what techniques and mechanisms can be used to help users   and developers to link related pieces of information across software   projects. In this paper, we propose a framework for a marketplace   enhanced using linked open data (LOD) technology for linking software   artifacts within projects as well as across software projects. The   marketplace provides the infrastructure for collecting and aggregating   software engineering data as well as developing services for mining,   statistics, analytics and visualization of software data. Based on   cross-linking software artifacts and projects, the marketplace enables   developers and users to understand the individual value of components   and their relationship to bigger software systems. Improved   understanding creates new business opportunities for software companies:   users will be able to analyze and compare projects, developers can   increase the visibility of their products, and hosts may offer plugins   and services over the data to paying customers.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.439
1419,InProceedings,Towards an OSS Adoption Business Impact Assessment,"Nowadays, the adoption of Open Source Software (OSS) by organizations is   becoming a strategic need in a wide variety of application areas.   Organizations adopt OSS in very diverse ways. The way in which they   adopt OSS affects and shapes their businesses. Therefore, knowing the   impact of different OSS adoption strategies in the context of an   organization may help improving the processes undertaken inside this   organization and ultimately pave the road to strategic moves. However,   there is a lack of support for assessing the impact of the OSS adoption   over the business of the adopter organizations. Based on the   goal-oriented characterization of some OSS adoption strategies, in this   paper, we propose a preliminary approach to assess the business impact   of the OSS adoption strategies over the adopter organizations. The   proposal is based on the Business Model Canvas and graph theory notions   to support the elicitation and assessment of the impact of each goal   over the adopter organization. We illustrate the application of the   approach in the context of a telecommunications company.",10.1007/978-3-319-25897-3\\_19
1422,InProceedings,Understanding Enterprise Open Source Software Evolution,"Enterprise Open Source Software is continuously gaining acceptance in   business organizations. This is essentially due to the understanding of   the potential benefits deriving from the adoption of OSS project   solution. Indeed, Open Source Software solutions offer great   opportunities for cost reduction and quality improvement, especially for   small and medium enterprises that typically have to address major   difficulties due to the limited resources. In this direction it is   relevant understand and gain knowledge regarding the evolution of such   software over systems the time. This paper report results of an   empirical study aimed at analyzing the evolution of most relevant ERP   open source system during their lifetime. (C) 2015 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.609
1423,InProceedings,Understanding and Supporting the Choice of an Appropriate Task to Start   With In Open Source Software Communities,"Open Source Software (OSS) projects leverage the contribution of   outsiders. In fact, the sustainability of many projects relies on   retaining some of these newcomers. Usually these communities do not   coordinate the work of the newcomers, who go to the issue trackers and   self-select a task to start with. We found that ``finding a way to   start{''} was reported as an important issue by practitioners. To   further investigate this specific barrier, we conducted a qualitative   analysis with data obtained from semi-structured interviews with 36   subjects from 14 different projects, including newcomers and experienced   members. We used procedures of Grounded Theory-open and axial coding-to   analyze the data. We found that newcomers are not confident enough to   choose their initial task and they need information about the tasks or   direction from the community to support choosing a task more suitable   for them. We also present a set of strategies identified in the   literature, interviews, and state-of-the-practice that can provide   newcomers with such information, enabling them to be more confident when   choosing their first tasks and collaborate with the community.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.624
1427,InProceedings,Using Social Network Analysis to Inform Management of Open Source   Software Development,"The community-based open source software (OSS) development model has   emerged as a viable alternative to firm-based traditional software   development. The naturally evolving structure of collaborative   relationships among software developers is a major distinction between   the OSS development model and the traditional development model.   Conventional statistical methods that focus on individual cases and   their attributes cannot properly inform the management of the naturally   evolving collaborative relationships in open source project. We   emphasize social network analysis as a method especially suitable for   management of open source development projects, because it focuses on   relations among individuals rather than attributes of individual cases.   We show how open source development can be represented as a   collaboration network graph and how the network can be characterized by   various network structure metrics. We present four metrics as a starting   point size, centralization, density and clusterness; that are most   useful in revealing collaborative relationships in OSS development   process. We discuss how to generate collaboration network for OSS   projects and how to calculate the metrics. We further describe how these   metrics can assist in effective management of open source software   development process. We conclude by presenting preliminary empirical   evidence in support of the metrics.",10.1109/HICSS.2015.609
1429,InProceedings,Utilization and Development Contribution of Open Source Software in   Japanese IT Companies: An Exploratory Study of the Effect on Business   Growth (2nd report based on 2014 survey),"The usage of Open Source Software (OSS) has been extended in a wide   range of business fields not only IT industries. Behind this current   situation, there are tremendous inputs by the volunteer engineers in the   development communities. In this series of studies, we have conducted   questionnaire survey to Japanese IT companies in 2012 and 2013, and then   analyzed the relation between OSS utilization and development   contribution, and how these affect the business growth. Our study   revealed that Japanese IT companies are rather free riders of OSS, the   volume of development contributions are far less than that of   utilization. From our previous studies, it was anticipated that some   OSS-related factors were affecting the business growth; however, clear   evidence has not been found. In autumn 2014, we conducted the   questionnaire survey for the third time and this paper presents the   survey results as the second report of the continued research. We   constructed the simplified Logistic Model to investigate the influential   factors on business growth. However, no clear evidence was found as the   same as the previous study. In summary, we conclude that there are some   form of relationships between OSS utilization and development   contribution, but these are not the determinant factors on the business   growth in the Japanese IT companies at present.",10.1145/2788993.2789831
1431,Article,"Virtual Dissection Table Including the Visible Korean Images,   Complemented by Free Software of the Same Data","The objective of this study was to introduce the complementary   relationship between virtual dissection table (simply, table) and free   software, since authors tried to aid interested people in their studying   digital human anatomy. Visible Korean (VK) team had presented the   serially sectioned images and outlined images of a male cadaver.   Thereafter, Anatomage (San Jose, CA) manufactured the table by making   3-dimensional (3D) volume models from the data. Separately, the VK team   reconstructed surface models from the same data and inputted the models   in portable document format (PDF) file, which can be opened on the   personal computer. The software to browse the sectioned and outlined   images was also programmed by VK team. In this report, the table and the   VK free software were compared to establish their supplementary   potentiality. Both the table and free software displayed equivalent 3D   models reconstructed from the same sectioned images. In both platforms,   the models were labeled for users to recognize the individual   structures. Both the table and the free software had respective features   to enhance the virtual dissecting experience. The table came with its   designated hardware with life-sized display, whereas VK software could   be run in any personal computer without burden. The coexistence of the   table and free software will enrich the people learning anatomy. With   increasing VK data and free software, more and more commercial or   complimentary products are expected to be produced.",10.4067/S0717-95022015000200006
1432,Article,Who Will Stay in the FLOSS Community? Modeling Participant's Initial   Behavior,"Motivation: To survive and succeed, FLOSS projects need contributors   able to accomplish critical project tasks. However, such tasks require   extensive project experience of long term contributors (LTCs). Aim: We   measure, understand, and predict how the newcomers' involvement and   environment in the issue tracking system (ITS) affect their odds of   becoming an LTC. Method: ITS data of Mozilla and Gnome, literature,   interviews, and online documents were used to design measures of   involvement and environment. A logistic regression model was used to   explain and predict contributor's odds of becoming an LTC. We also   reproduced the results on new data provided by Mozilla. Results: We   constructed nine measures of involvement and environment based on events   recorded in an ITS. Macro-climate is the overall project environment   while micro-climate is person-specific and varies among the   participants. Newcomers who are able to get at least one issue reported   in the first month to be fixed, doubled their odds of becoming an LTC.   The macro-climate with high project popularity and the micro-climate   with low attention from peers reduced the odds. The precision of LTC   prediction was 38 times higher than for a random predictor. We were able   to reproduce the results with new Mozilla data without losing the   significance or predictive power of the previously published model. We   encountered unexpected changes in some attributes and suggest ways to   make analysis of ITS data more reproducible. Conclusions: The findings   suggest the importance of initial behaviors and experiences of new   participants and outline empirically-based approaches to help the   communities with the recruitment of contributors for long-term   participation and to help the participants contribute more effectively.   To facilitate the reproduction of the study and of the proposed measures   in other contexts, we provide the data we retrieved and the scripts we   wrote at https://www.passion-lab.org/projects/developerfluency.html.",10.1109/TSE.2014.2349496
1434,Article,Who {Will} {Stay} in the {FLOSS} {Community}? {Modeling} {Participant}'s {Initial} {Behavior},"To survive and succeed, FLOSS projects need contributors able to accomplish critical project tasks. However, such tasks require extensive project experience of long term contributors (LTCs). The authors measure, understand, and predict how the newcomers' involvement and environment in the issue tracking system (ITS) affect their odds of becoming an LTC. ITS data of Mozilla and Gnome, literature, interviews, and online documents were used to design measures of involvement and environment. A logistic regression model was used to explain and predict contributor's odds of becoming an LTC. They also reproduced the results on new data provided by Mozilla. The authors constructed nine measures of involvement and environment based on events recorded in an ITS. Macro-climate is the overall project environment while micro-climate is person-specific and varies among the participants. The findings suggest the importance of initial behaviors and experiences of new participants and outline empirically-based approaches to help the communities with the recruitment of contributors for long-term participation and to help the participants contribute more effectively.",NA
1438,Article,adLIMS: a customized open source software that allows bridging clinical   and basic molecular research studies,"Background: Many biological laboratories that deal with genomic samples   are facing the problem of sample tracking, both for pure laboratory   management and for efficiency. Our laboratory exploits PCR techniques   and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods to perform high-throughput   integration site monitoring in different clinical trials and scientific   projects. Because of the huge amount of samples that we process every   year, which result in hundreds of millions of sequencing reads, we need   to standardize data management and tracking systems, building up a   scalable and flexible structure with web-based interfaces, which are   usually called Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).   Methods: We started collecting end-users' requirements, composed of   desired functionalities of the system and Graphical User Interfaces   (GUI), and then we evaluated available tools that could address our   requirements, spanning from pure LIMS to Content Management Systems   (CMS) up to enterprise information systems. Our analysis identified   ADempiere ERP, an open source Enterprise Resource Planning written in   Java J2EE, as the best software that also natively implements some   highly desirable technological advances, such as the high usability and   modularity that grants high use-case flexibility and software   scalability for custom solutions.   Results: We extended and customized ADempiere ERP to fulfil LIMS   requirements and we developed adLIMS. It has been validated by our   end-users verifying functionalities and GUIs through test cases for PCRs   samples and pre-sequencing data and it is currently in use in our   laboratories. adLIMS implements authorization and authentication   policies, allowing multiple users management and roles definition that   enables specific permissions, operations and data views to each user.   For example, adLIMS allows creating sample sheets from stored data using   available exporting operations. This simplicity and process   standardization may avoid manual errors and information backtracking,   features that are not granted using track recording on files or   spreadsheets.   Conclusions: adLIMS aims to combine sample tracking and data reporting   features with higher accessibility and usability of GUIs, thus allowing   time to be saved on doing repetitive laboratory tasks, and reducing   errors with respect to manual data collection methods. Moreover, adLIMS   implements automated data entry, exploiting sample data multiplexing and   parallel/transactional processing. adLIMS is natively extensible to cope   with laboratory automation through platform-dependent API interfaces,   and could be extended to genomic facilities due to the ERP   functionalities.",10.1186/1471-2105-16-S9-S5
1439,Article,sfDM: Open-Source Software for Temporal Analysis and Visualization of   Brain Tumor Diffusion MR Using Serial Functional Diffusion Mapping,"A major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors is   tissue heterogeneity leading to mixed treatment response. Additionally,   they are often difficult or at very high risk for biopsy, further   hindering the clinical management process. To overcome this, novel   advanced imaging methods are increasingly being adapted clinically to   identify useful noninvasive biomarkers capable of disease stage   characterization and treatment response prediction. One promising   technique is called functional diffusion mapping (fDM), which uses   diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to generate parametric maps between two   imaging time points in order to identify significant voxel-wise changes   in water diffusion within the tumor tissue. Here we introduce serial   functional diffusion mapping (sfDM), an extension of existing fDM   methods, to analyze the entire tumor diffusion profile along the   temporal course of the disease. sfDM provides the tools necessary to   analyze a tumor data set in the context of spatiotemporal parametric   mapping: the image registration pipeline, biomarker extraction, and   visualization tools. We present the general workflow of the pipeline,   along with a typical use case for the software. sfDM is written in   Python and is freely available as an open-source package under the   Berkley Software Distribution (BSD) license to promote transparency and   reproducibility.",10.4137/CIN.S17293
1440,InProceedings,3D Gesture-Based Control System using Processing Open Source Software,"The following paper discusses the design and implementation of a 3D   gesture-based control system that can substitute any complex   human-machine interface with a simpler and more familiar one. This   system that can be used by any user disregarding his/her background   (age, education, health, language etc..), making it dependent on nothing   more than the movements of the user's hands, thus allowing them to be   free from all hardware while interfacing, and making the system surpass   in its simplicity other systems that include held or touched interfaces.   It utilizes the Kinect sensor's image input parts (IR projector and IR   camera) for computer vision along with an open source software called   Processing for reception and analysis of input data to decision making   on what actions and steps to perform, and even for communicating with   the database. A MySQL database will be responsible for holding the   information of the system and to handle them (adding, deleting,   retrieving, etc..). Even though the system will be designed for a   library to display information about the books available in it, however   the proposed system design will be broad enough to allow its   implementation in many other domains, making people's lives more   efficient and innovative. Implementation steps are listed along with a   detailed explanation of how the system works. The simulation results   showing the system performance in different environment conditions and   some screenshots are also displayed.",NA
1441,Article,<i>EuroForMix</i>: An open source software based on a continuous model   to evaluate STR DNA profiles from a mixture of contributors with   artefacts,"We have released a software named EuroForMix to analyze STR DNA profiles   in a user-friendly graphical user interface. The software implements a   model to explain the allelic peak height on a continuous scale in order   to carry out weight-of-evidence calculations for profiles which could be   from a mixture of contributors. Through a properly parameterized model   we are able to do inference on mixture proportions, the peak height   properties, stutter proportion and degradation. In addition, EuroForMix   includes models for allele drop-out, allele drop-in and sub-population   structure. EuroForMix supports two inference approaches for likelihood   ratio calculations. The first approach uses maximum likelihood   estimation of the unknown parameters. The second approach is Bayesian   based which requires prior distributions to be specified for the   parameters involved. The user may specify any number of known and   unknown contributors in the model, however we find that there is a   practical computing time limit which restricts the model to a maximum of   four unknown contributors.   EuroForMix is the first freely open source, continuous model   (accommodating peak height, stutter, drop-in, drop-out, population   substructure and degradation), to be reported in the literature. It   therefore serves an important purpose to act as an unrestricted platform   to compare different solutions that are available. The implementation of   the continuous model used in the software showed close to identical   results to the R-package DNAmixtures, which requires a HUGIN Expert   license to be used. An additional feature in EuroForMix is the ability   for the user to adapt the Bayesian inference framework by incorporating   their own prior information. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.008
1442,Article,<i>Marathon</i>: An Open Source Software Library for the Analysis of   Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Algorithms,"We present the software library marathon, which is designed to support   the analysis of sampling algorithms that are based on the Markov-Chain   Monte Carlo principle. The main application of this library is the   computation of properties of so-called state graphs, which represent the   structure of Markov chains. We demonstrate applications and the   usefulness of marathon by investigating the quality of several bounding   methods on four well-known Markov chains for sampling perfect matchings   and bipartite graphs. In a set of experiments, we compute the total   mixing time and several of its bounds for a large number of input   instances. We find that the upper bound gained by the famous canonical   path method is often several magnitudes larger than the total mixing   time and deteriorates with growing input size. In contrast, the spectral   bound is found to be a precise approximation of the total mixing time.",10.1371/journal.pone.0147935
1443,Article,<i>PTCLab</i>: free and open-source software for calculating phase   transformation crystallography,"PTCLab (Phase Transformation Crystallography Lab) is free and   open-source software to calculate the crystallographic features formed   during a phase transformation, such as orientation relationship,   interface orientation, interfacial structure etc. This program covers   the crystallographic theories for both martensitic and diffusional   transformation and allows users to represent the results in   stereographic projection. The crystallographic models treated in PTCLab   include the classical phenomenological theory of martensite   crystallography (PTMC), the double shear version of PTMC, the invariant   line model, O-lattice theory, the O-line model, the recently developed   three-dimensional near coincidence site method, the edge-to-edge   matching model and variant selection analysis. In addition, a number of   basic crystallographic calculations for single or multiple crystal   structures can be performed with the calculation pad. High-quality   composite stereographic projection and electron diffraction patterns can   be also obtained by the present application. PTCLab is written in   Python, runnable cross platform, and is distributed at   https://sourceforge.net/projects/tclab/.",10.1107/S1600576716006075
1444,InProceedings,A Bayesian Belief Network for Modeling Open Source Software Maintenance   Productivity,"Maintenance is one of the most effort consuming activities in the   software development lifecycle. Efficient maintenance within short   release cycles depends highly on the underlying source code structure,   in the sense that complex modules are more difficult to maintain. In   this paper we attempt to unveil and discuss relationships between   maintenance productivity, the structural quality of the source code and   process metrics like the type of a release and the number of downloads.   To achieve this goal, we developed a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN)   involving several maintainability predictors and three managerial   indices for maintenance (i.e., duration, production, and productivity)   on 20 open source software projects. The results suggest that   maintenance duration depends on inheritance, coupling, and process   metrics. On the other hand maintenance production and productivity   depend mostly on code quality metrics.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_3
1445,InProceedings,A FLOSS License-selection Methodology for Cloud Computing Projects,"Cloud computing and open source are two disruptive innovations. Both   deeply modify the way the computer resources are made available and   monetized. They evolve between competition (e.g. open source software   for desktop versus SaaS applications) and complementarity (e.g. cloud   solutions based on open source components or cloud applications   published under open source license). PaaSage is an open source   integrated platform to support both design and deployment of cloud   applications. The PaaSage consortium decided to publish the source code   as open source. It needed a process for the open source license   selection. Open source licensing scheme born before the development of   cloud computing and evolved with the creation of new open source   licenses suitable for SaaS applications. The license is a part of   project governance and strongly influences the life of the project. In   the context of the PaaSage European project, the issue of the open   source license selection for cloud computing software has been   addressed. The first section of the paper describes the state of the art   about open source licenses including the known issues, a generic   license-selection scheme and the automated source code analysis   practices. The second section studies the common choices of licenses in   cloud computing projects. The third section proposes a FLOSS   license-selection process for cloud computing project following five   steps: (1) inventoring software components, (2) selecting open source   license, (3) approving license selection (vote), (4) spreading practical   details and (5) monitoring source code. The fourth section describes the   PaaSage use case. The last section consists in a discussion of the   results.",10.5220/0005775901290136
1447,InProceedings,A GIS Water Management System Using Free and Open Source Software,"Water management systems are having an increasing impact for sustainable   development on all types of urban infrastructures. This paper describes   the framework of a water management system, as a project of   transformation from a traditional commercial software approach to a new,   open source flexible system, capable to afford new demanding   requirements. Among these new demanding requirements we cover analysis   and implementation issues for: an open source GIS for water management,   the challenge to big data management, reusing existing data, and network   integrity and robustness. A real case scenario is thoroughly described.   The integration of a powerful data model and spatial process model into   a water modeling framework is proved to enhance the software   capabilities for water management system.",10.1007/978-3-319-48799-1\\_43
1448,InProceedings,A Longitudinal Study of Community-Oriented Open Source Software   Development,"End-users are often argued to be the source of innovation in Open Source   Software (OSS). However, most of the existing empirical studies about   OSS projects have been restricted to developer sub-communities only. In   this paper, we address the question, if and under which conditions the   requirements and ideas from end-users indeed influence the development   processes in OSS. We present an approach for automated requirements   elicitation process discovery in OSS communities. The empirical basis   are three large-scale interdisciplinary OSS projects in bioinformatics,   focusing on communication in the mailing lists and source code histories   over ten years. Our study results in preliminary guidelines for the   organization of community-oriented software development.",10.1007/978-3-319-39696-5\\_31
1449,Article,A Method of Statistical Process Control for Successful Open Source   Software Projects and Its Application to Determining the Development   Period,"A software development paradigm for open source software (OSS) project   has been rapidly spread in recent years. On the other hand, an effective   method of quality management has not been established due to the unique   development characteristics such as no testing phase. In this paper, we   assume that the number of fault-detections observed on the bug tracking   system tends to infinity, and discuss a method of statistical process   control (SPC) for OSS projects by applying the logarithmic Poisson   execution time model as a software reliability growth model (SRGM) based   on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). Then, we propose a control   chart method based on the logarithmic Poisson execution time model for   judging the statical stability state, and estimating the additional   development time for attaining the objective software failure intensity,   i.e., the target value of the instantaneous fault-detection rate per   unit time. We also discuss an optimal software release problem for   determining the optimum time when to stop OSS development and to   transfer it to user operation. Further, numerical illustrations for SPC   are shown by applying the actual fault-count data observed on the bug   tracking system.",10.1142/S0218539316500182
1450,InProceedings,A Research Proposal: Tracking Open Source Software Evolution for the   Characterization of Its Evolutionary Behavior,"Open Source Software (OSS) has attracted a lot of attention in the last   decade. Due to the rising dominance of OSS in the software industry; not   only practitioners, but researchers as well as academicians are also   keen to understand the OSS development and evolution process. Several   studies have been conducted in the past in this regard. Most of the   existing work relates to growth analysis of OSS projects using source   code level metrics. Lately, metrics related to change activity have also   been included to understand OSS evolution. Change activity as recorded   in Source Code Management (SCM) systems is used in a few cases. Most of   the work deals with finding change size, and change effort   distributions. A few studies do change profile analysis as OSS systems   evolve. But that is restricted to a few of the change categories, e.g.,   adaptive v/s non-adaptive changes, corrective v/s non-corrective   changes. This research study explores change profiles of 106 OSS systems   by extracting change type information from their SCM repositories and   then categorizing these changes automatically into five different   categories - corrective, adaptive, perfective, preventive, and   enhancement related. The idea is to understand the way OSS projects   undergo change through long periods of time. The results indicate that   change behavior of the OSS projects is different for different types of   changes.",10.1007/978-3-319-49094-6\\_63
1451,InProceedings,A free software tool implementing the fuzzy AHP method,"The AHP method became very popular in multiple-criteria decision-making   and it found its applications in diverse fields. Over the time, several   modifications of the method for fuzzy environment have been devised. The   paper introduces a new free software tool that implements one of these   approaches. The elements of the pair-wise comparison matrix are allowed   to be expressed by triangular fuzzy elements. The classical non-fuzzy   methods based on the eigenvectors or the geometric means are also   supported in the software. The presented software has been written as a   web application, which means that it is available from any computer   connected to the Internet without need to install any additional   software. The presented tool makes it possible to design the (fuzzy)   pair-wise comparison matrix in a user-friendly way, and to derive the   priority vector from it. Various consistency indicators are also   calculated.",NA
1452,Article,A recipe for standards-based data sharing using open source software and   low-cost electronics,"Environmental data are critical to understanding environmental   phenomena, yet their consistent collection and curation can be   cost-prohibitive. This paper describes a recipe for the design,   development, and deployment of a low-cost environmental data logging and   transmission system for environmental sensors and its connection to an   open source data-sharing network. The hardware is built using several   low-cost, open-source, mass-produced components. The system   automatically ingests data into HydroServer, a standards-based server in   the open source hydrologic information system (HIS) created by the   Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences   Inc. (CUAHSI). By publishing data in this way, they are discoverable   through the geographic information system (GIS)-based CUAHSI tools,   HydroDesktop and HydroShare. In addition, because they follow WaterML   encoding, open hardware data stored in the HIS can be included in   international catalog such as the global earth observation system of   system catalog. A recipe for building the system is provided. Multiple   deployments used to test proof-of-concept of the system are described   and their results are given. Ease of deployment and reliability of the   logging and transmission system is also addressed.",10.2166/hydro.2015.092
1453,Article,A tightly coupled scheme for neutronics and thermal-hydraulics using   open-source software,"Coupling neutronic and thermal-hydraulic analyses of a nuclear reactor   core is important because it helps identify the most relevant safety   issues without conservative assumptions. Currently coupled computations   solve the same governing equations using different coupling methods,   which can be sorted into two categories: loose coupling and tight   coupling. This paper proposes and verifies a third coupling approach   called ``the Integrated Tight Coupling (ITC) method{''}. The   mathematical equations in the nuclear fuel are rearranged to be   integrated via a novel concept of the energy-group function. In   addition, the data from the neutron cross section library can be used   directly. The ITC method is implemented using two open-source codes: the   DRAGON code and OpenFOAM. Additionally, a coupled computation using   these two codes is new and has not been done. The ITC method is verified   using a 1.5-D (1-D neutronics and 2-D thermal-hydraulics) symmetric unit   cell example. The mesh of the tightly integrated computation is 25\\%   coarser than the loosely coupled one. Starting from a similar initial   guess, the number of iterations for the ITC method is 24\\% fewer than   that for the loosely coupled computation to reach the same accuracy. In   addition, the ITC method is tested with different initial guesses. For   all cases tested, the scheme converged to the same solution. With   further improvement and additional testing, the ITC method has the   potential to be incorporated with other neutronics and   thermal-hydraulics codes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.anucene.2015.08.004
1454,Article,"A {Survey} of {Free} {Software} for the {Design}, {Analysis}, {Modelling}, and {Simulation} of an {Unmanned} {Aerial} {Vehicle}","The objective of this paper is to analyze free software for the design, analysis, modelling, and simulation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Free software is the best choice when the reduction of production costs is necessary; nevertheless, the quality of free software may vary. This paper probably does not include all of the free software, but tries to describe or mention at least the most interesting programs. The first part of this paper summarizes the essential knowledge about UAVs, including the fundamentals of flight mechanics and aerodynamics, and the structure of a UAV system. The second section generally explains the modelling and simulation of a UAV. In the main section, more than 50 free programs for the design, analysis, modelling, and simulation of a UAV are described. Although the selection of the free software has been focused on small subsonic UAVs, the software can also be used for other categories of aircraft in some cases; e.g. for MAVs and large gliders. The applications with an historical importance are also included. Finally, the results of the analysis are evaluated and discussed--a block diagram of the free software is presented, possible connections between the programs are outlined, and future improvements of the free software are suggested.",10.1007/s11831-015-9147-y
1455,InProceedings,AEROSTACK: An Architecture and Open-Source Software Framework for Aerial   Robotics,"To simplify the usage of the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), extending   their use to a great number of applications, fully autonomous operation   is needed. There are many open-source architecture frameworks for UAS   that claim the autonomous operation of UAS, but they still have two main   open issues: (1) level of autonomy, being in most of the cases limited   and (2) versatility, being most of them designed specifically for some   applications or aerial platforms.   As a response to these needs and issues, this paper presents Aerostack,   a system architecture and open-source multi-purpose software framework   for autonomous multi-UAS operation. To provide higher degrees of   autonomy, Aerostack's system architecture integrates state of the art   concepts of intelligent, cognitive and social robotics, based on five   layers: reactive, executive, deliberative, reflective, and social. To be   a highly versatile practical solution, Aerostack's open-source software   framework includes the main components to execute the architecture for   fully autonomous missions of swarms of UAS; a collection of ready-to-use   and flight proven modular components that can be reused by the users and   developers; and compatibility with five well known aerial platforms, as   well as a high number of sensors.   Aerostack has been validated during three years by its successful use on   many research projects, international competitions and exhibitions. To   corroborate this fact, this paper also presents Aerostack carrying out a   fictional fully autonomous indoors search and rescue mission.",NA
1456,InProceedings,Adoption of the Personas Technique in the Open Source Software   Development Process,"The growth in the number of non-developer open source software (OSS)   application users and the escalating use of these applications have led   to the need and interest in developing usable OSS. OSS communities do   not generally know how to apply usability techniques and are unclear   about which techniques to use in each activity of the development   process. The aim of our research is to adopt the Personas usability   technique in the PSeInt OSS project and determine the feasibility of   adapting the technique for application. To do this, we participated as   volunteers in the project. We used the case study research method during   technique application and participation in the community. As a result,   we identified adverse conditions that were an obstacle to technique   application and modified the technique to make it applicable. We can   conclude from our experience that these changes were helpful for   applying the technique, although it was not easy to recruit OSS users to   participate in usability technique application.",10.1145/2998626.2998653
1458,InProceedings,Agility and Quality Attributes in Open Source Software Projects Release   Practices,"Context: The need to accelerate software delivery, supporting faster   time-to-market and frequent community developers/users feedback are   issues that have lead to relevant changes in software development   practices. Many Open Source Software (OSS) projects have engaged to   achieve this through the adoption of agile practices in software release   practices. Problem: There is no secondary study in the literature   discussing evidences of the influence of agile approaches in OSS   projects release practices. Goal: Identify published reports in the   literature that characterize to which extent agility has influenced   release approaches in OSS projects. Method: The characterization of   studies followed a five-phase process to present a panoramic view of   software releases practices in the context of OSS projects. Results: The   overall data collected from 14 studies published from January 2006 to   January 2016 depicted the following scenario: nine issues that   characterize the advantages/influence of agility in OSS release   approaches; four challenge issues in this approach; three possibilities   of implementation and two main motivations towards the adoption of   software release approaches through agility; and finally three main   strategies to implement it. Conclusion: This study provides an   up-to-date and structured understanding of the influence of agility on   OSS projects release approaches based on findings systematically   collected from a list of relevant references in the last decade.",10.1109/QUATIC.2016.56
1459,InProceedings,An Empirical Approach to Autonomous GSM BTS based on OSS and OSH,"In this era of wireless engineering, Open source application has turned   out to be an evolving concept in the development of GSM technology.   Nowadays, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks are   receiving increasing attention in the open-source community. Hence, aim   of this paper is to illustrate the process of implementation of   autonomous GSM BTS (Base Transceiver Station) by using OSH (Open Source   Hardware) such as BladeRF device, a multipurpose signal processing board   used for Software Defined Radio (SDR) and YateBTS, an OSS (Open Source   Software) acts as a GSM access point which is software based. Generally,   YateBTS permits available standard GSM phone to be employed as SIP   (Session Initiation Protocol) endpoints in VoIP (voice over IP) network   system. An experimental study has been conducted to test the feasibility   and effectiveness of the implemented system. The outcome of experimental   result is thoroughly examined in this paper.",NA
1460,Article,An empirical examination of the prevalence of inhibitors to the   parallelizability of open source software systems,"An empirical study is presented that examines the potential to   parallelize general-purpose software systems. The study is conducted on   13 open source systems comprising over 14 MLOC. Each for-loop is   statically analyzed to determine if it can be parallelized or not. A   for-loop that can be parallelized is termed a free-loop. Free-loops can   be easily parallelized using tools such as OpenMP. For the loops that   cannot be parallelized, the various inhibitors to parallelization are   determined and tabulated. The data shows that the most prevalent   inhibitor by far, is functions called within for-loops that have side   effects. This single inhibitor poses the greatest challenge in adapting   and re-engineering systems to better utilize modern multi-core   architectures. This fact is somewhat contradictory to the literature,   which is primarily focused on the removal of data dependencies within   loops. Results of this paper also show that function calls via function   pointers and virtual methods have very little impact on the for-loop   parallelization process. Historical data over a 10-year period of   inhibitor counts for the set of systems studied is also presented. It   shows that there is little change in the potential for parallelization   of loops over time.",10.1007/s10664-015-9385-5
1461,Article,An empirical study of integration activities in distributions of open   source software,"Reuse of software components, either closed or open source, is   considered to be one of the most important best practices in software   engineering, since it reduces development cost and improves software   quality. However, since reused components are (by definition) generic,   they need to be customized and integrated into a specific system before   they can be useful. Since this integration is system-specific, the   integration effort is non-negligible and increases maintenance costs,   especially if more than one component needs to be integrated. This paper   performs an empirical study of multi-component integration in the   context of three successful open source distributions (Debian, Ubuntu   and FreeBSD). Such distributions integrate thousands of open source   components with an operating system kernel to deliver a coherent   software product to millions of users worldwide. We empirically   identified seven major integration activities performed by the   maintainers of these distributions, documented how these activities are   being performed by the maintainers, then evaluated and refined the   identified activities with input from six maintainers of the three   studied distributions. The documented activities provide a common   vocabulary for component integration in open source distributions and   outline a roadmap for future research on software integration.",10.1007/s10664-015-9371-y
1462,Article,An introduction to open source software and communities: tutorial presentation,"This tutorial is intended to provide instructors with working knoowledge of open source software concepts and communities. In this brief introduction, we will:• talk about what open source is and why it is gaining traction in the business world;• explore how instgructors (and their students) can benefit by incorporating open source into the curriculum;• review what differentiates open source from proprietzry software; and• discuss how teaching open source in an open way aligns with many current pedagogical practices, such as continuous assessment and cooperative learning.",NA
1463,Article,An open source software for analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced   magnetic resonance images: UMMPerfusion revisited,"Background: Perfusion imaging has become an important image based tool   to derive the physiological information in various applications, like   tumor diagnostics and therapy, stroke, (cardio-) vascular diseases, or   functional assessment of organs. However, even after 20 years of intense   research in this field, perfusion imaging still remains a research tool   without a broad clinical usage. One problem is the lack of   standardization in technical aspects which have to be considered for   successful quantitative evaluation; the second problem is a lack of   tools that allow a direct integration into the diagnostic workflow in   radiology.   Results: Five compartment models, namely, a one compartment model (1CP),   a two compartment exchange (2CXM), a two compartment uptake model   (2CUM), a two compartment filtration model (2FM) and eventually the   extended Toft's model (ETM) were implemented as plugin for the DICOM   workstation OsiriX. Moreover, the plugin has a clean graphical user   interface and provides means for quality management during the perfusion   data analysis. Based on reference test data, the implementation was   validated against a reference implementation. No differences were found   in the calculated parameters.   Conclusion: We developed open source software to analyse DCE-MRI   perfusion data. The software is designed as plugin for the DICOM   Workstation OsiriX. It features a clean GUI and provides a simple   workflow for data analysis while it could also be seen as a toolbox   providing an implementation of several recent compartment models to be   applied in research tasks. Integration into the infrastructure of a   radiology department is given via OsiriX. Results can be saved   automatically and reports generated automatically during data analysis   ensure certain quality control.",10.1186/s12880-016-0109-0
1464,Article,An {MADM} risk-based evaluation-selection model of free-libre open source software tools,"Free-libre Open-source software (FLOSS) tools are free-cost licence highly attractive to be implemented by organisations. However, not of all the FLOSS tools are mature, and failed implementations can occur. Thus, FLOSS evaluation-selection frameworks and FLOSS success-failure implementation factors studies have been conducted. In this research, we advance on such studies through an integrated FLOSS evaluation-selection model with a risk-based decision-making approach. Our model was built upon the other two literatures, and it was structured as a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model which contains 12 variables grouped in four risk categories: financial, organisational, end user, and technical ones. We illustrated its utilisation in the domain of information technology service management (ITSM) FLOSS tools. Hence, our model contributes to the FLOSS literature with the inclusion of the risk management approach and to the FLOSS evaluation-selection praxis with the provision of an innovative and essential risk-based model.",NA
1466,InProceedings,Analysis of Competition Between Open Source Software and Proprietary   Software,"Open source software and proprietary software are in a coexisting and   competitive relationship in today's software market. Through the   comparison of the asymmetric structure of the two types of software,   this paper analyzed their competitive relationship in market entry   order, product price asymmetry, product quality difference and so on.   The results show that the development of open source software has a   profound impact on the development of the traditional software industry,   and has important practical significance to the software industry   organization structure adjustment and the establishment of effective   software development policy.",NA
1467,InProceedings,Applying the 3C Model to FLOSS Communities,"How learning occurs within Free/LibreOpen Source (FLOSS) communities and   what is the dynamics of such projects (e.g. the life cycle of such   projects) are very relevant questions when considering the use of FLOSS   projects in a formal education setting. This paper introduces an   approach based on the 3C collaboration model (communication,   coordination and cooperation) to represent the collaborative learning   dynamics within FLOSS communities. To explore the collaborative learning   potential of FLOSS communities a number of questionnaires and interviews   to selected FLOSS contributors were run. From this study a 3C   collaborative model applicable to FLOSS communities was designed and   discussed.",10.1007/978-3-319-44799-5\\_11
1468,InProceedings,Attributes of Open Source Software Requirements - The Effect of the   External Environment and Internal Social Structure,Popularity of open source software (OSS) projects has spiked an interest   in the requirements engineering (RE) practices of such communities that   are starkly different from those in traditional software development   projects. Past work has focused on characterizing the main differences   between OSS and traditional forms of software RE. In this effort we   focus on differences in RE activity in OSS. RE is characterized as a   socio-technical distributed cognitive (DCog) activity where multiple   actors deploy artifacts to `compute' requirements. To uncover how OSS   projects configure the socio-technical distribution of cognitive   processes to respond to varying attributes of incoming requirements we   conduct a comparative analysis of four successful OSS projects. We   observe that the volume of requirements faced by an OSS group dictates   largely the nature of its social formation while the volatility   experienced in the requirements dictates the overlap the project   exhibits with the larger external community. Finally the velocity of   change in technological requirements influence the project's   documentation practices of requirements with the level of design   consistency desired in the end product influencing the decision-making   channels used in the development endeavor.,10.1109/HICSS.2016.618
1471,Article,AxonSeg: Open Source Software for Axon and Myelin Segmentation and   Morphometric Analysis,"Segmenting axon and myelin from microscopic images is relevant for   studying the peripheral and central nervous system and for validating   new MRI techniques that aim at quantifying tissue microstructure. While   several software packages have been proposed, their interface is   sometimes limited and/or they are designed to work with a specific   modality (e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) only). Here we   introduce AxonSeg, which allows to perform automatic axon and myelin   segmentation on histology images, and to extract relevant morphometric   information, such as axon diameter distribution, axon density and the   myelin g-ratio. AxonSeg includes a simple and intuitive MATLABbased   graphical user interface (GUI) and can easily be adapted to a variety of   imaging modalities. The main steps of AxonSeg consist of: (i) image   pre-processing; (ii) pre-segmentation of axons over a cropped image and   discriminant analysis (DA) to select the best parameters based on axon   shape and intensity information; (iii) automatic axon and myelin   segmentation over the full image; and (iv) atlas-based statistics to   extract morphometric information. Segmentation results from standard   optical microscopy (OM), SEM and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering   (CARS) microscopy are presented, along with validation against manual   segmentations. Being fully-automatic after a quick manual intervention   on a cropped image, we believe AxonSeg will be useful to researchers   interested in large throughput histology.",10.3389/fninf.2016.00037
1472,Article,BENCHMARKING FRAMEWORK FOR MAINTAIN ABILITY PREDICTION OF OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE USING OBJECT ORIENTED METRICS,"Software maintainability is measured as the ease with which the existing   software could be modified and often predicted during the development   stage on the basis of some measurable design characteristics.   Controlling the software maintainability and understandability of any   open source software (OSS) system is extremely challenging because it is   written and constantly modified by the developers located all over the   world. The current study analyzes the effectiveness of machine learning   (ML) techniques for the maintainability prediction of OSS systems. In   this work large-scale empirical comparisons of thirteen classifiers over   seven open source datasets were conducted followed by extensive   statistical tests and post hoc analysis to establish the confidence on   the performance of one ML technique over another. The results show two   important findings: firstly, we observed that overall good prediction   accuracy is achieved by almost all ML techniques; secondly the   prediction models using genetically adaptive learning ML technique and   group method of data handling (GMDH) technique perform better than the   other ML techniques in the context of OSS systems. The outcome of this   investigation would be helpful for developers in order to predict   maintenance behavior of the software at the earlier stages of software   development lifecycle (SDLC). Accordingly, they can optimize their   resource allocations, prioritize maintenance tasks and produce   high-quality low maintenance software systems. Additionally, it also has   numerous other applications such as schedule planning, cost estimation,   quality assurance testing, software debugging, budget preparation, and   software performance optimization.",NA
1473,InProceedings,Benefits of Open Source Software in Defense Environments,"Even though the use of Open Source Software (OSS) might seem paradoxical   in Defense environments, this has been proven to be wrong. The use of   OSS does not harm security; on the contrary, it enhances it. Even with   some drawbacks, OSS is highly reliable and maintained by a huge software   community, thus decreasing implementation costs and increasing   reliability. Moreover, it allows military software engineers to move   away from proprietary applications and single-vendor contracts.   Furthermore, it decreases the cost of long-term development and   lifecycle management, besides avoiding vendor's lock in. Nevertheless,   deploying OSS deserves an appropriate organization of its life cycle and   maintenance, which has a relevant impact on the project's budget that   cannot be overseen. In this paper, we will describe some of the major   trends in OSS in Defense environments. The community for OSS has a   pivotal role, since it is the core development unit. With Agile and the   newest DevOps methodologies, government officials could leverage OSS   capabilities, decreasing the Design (or Technical) Debt. Software for   Defense purposes could perform better, increase the number of the   releases, enhance coordination through the different IT Departments (and   the community), and increase release automation, decreasing the   probability of errors.",10.1007/978-3-319-27896-4\\_11
1474,InProceedings,Between Organization and Community: Investigating Turnover Intention   Factors of Firm-Sponsored Open Source Software Developers,"While research has extensively studied the group of voluntary   contributors and their motivation to participate in open source software   (OSS) development, we lack an understanding of how firm-sponsored   developers behave when they work for an OSS project. In specific,   firm-sponsored developers may face identification conflicts arising from   different social norms and beliefs inherent in both the organizational   culture of their employing company and dominant OSS cultures. These   conflicts may induce developer turnover intention towards the   organization and the OSS community. This research seeks to identify   identification-related determinants that drive turnover intention by   surveying Linux kernel developers (N = 321). This study finds, among   others, that perceived external reputation of the employing organization   reduces turnover intention towards the company while perceived own   reputation dampens turnover intention directed towards the OSS   community.",10.1145/2908131.2908200
1476,Article,BluePyOpt: Leveraging Open Source Software and Cloud Infrastructure to   Optimise Model Parameters in Neuroscience,"At many scales in neuroscience, appropriate mathematical models take the   form of complex dynamical systems. Parametrising such models to conform   to the multitude of available experimental constraints is a global   nonlinear optimisation problem with a complex fitness landscape,   requiring numerical techniques to find suitable approximate solutions.   Stochastic optimisation approaches, such as evolutionary algorithms,   have been shown to be effective, but often the setting up of such   optimisations and the choice of a specific search algorithm and its   parameters is non-trivial, requiring domain-specific expertise. Here we   describe BluePyOpt, a Python package targeted at the broad neuroscience   community to simplify this task. BluePyOpt is an extensible framework   for data-driven model parameter optimisation that wraps and standardises   several existing open-source tools. It simplifies the task of creating   and sharing these optimisations, and the associated techniques and   knowledge. This is achieved by abstracting the optimisation and   evaluation tasks into various reusable and flexible discrete elements   according to established best-practices. Further, BluePyOpt provides   methods for setting up both small- and large-scale optimisations on a   variety of platforms, ranging from laptops to Linux clusters and   cloud-based compute infrastructures. The versatility of the BluePyOpt   framework is demonstrated by working through three representative   neuroscience specific use cases",10.3389/fninf.2016.00017
1477,InProceedings,Bridging Digital Divide in Schools in Developing Countries: Perceptions   of Teachers of Free Software Opportunities,"21st century information society requires more and more use of ICT   (information and communication technology) in everyday life. Nowadays   there is much talk about the digital divide, which means economical and   social disparities in digital technology use and availability in society   of a particular country and among different countries. In this paper we   sought to explore teachers knowledge and use of ICT resources in the   context of free/libre and open-source software (FLOSS). When relying   permanently on free tools there are several benefits which in turn will   grow sustainable information society and will fortify economy in larger   scale. For the mentioned purpose we use Technology Acceptance Model   (TAM) first version. We found that TAM model is not ideal to accomplish   mentioned tasks, especially in educational institutions. If teachers   will be aware of FLOSS then they can increase ICT resources use in   schools in a meaningful way. This in turn will reduce also disparity in   schools and we may call it as a digital turn.",10.1007/978-3-319-39483-1\\_63
1478,InProceedings,Bridging Digital Divide in Schools in Developing Countries: Perceptions of Teachers of Free Software Opportunities,"21st century information society requires more and more use of ICT (information and communication technology) in everyday life. Nowadays there is much talk about the digital divide, which means economical and social disparities in digital technology use and availability in society of a particular country and among different countries. In this paper we sought to explore teachers knowledge and use of ICT resources in the context of free/libre and open-source software (FLOSS). When relying permanently on free tools there are several benefits which in turn will grow sustainable information society and will fortify economy in larger scale. For the mentioned purpose we use Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) first version. We found that TAM model is not ideal to accomplish mentioned tasks, especially in educational institutions. If teachers will be aware of FLOSS then they can increase ICT resources use in schools in a meaningful way. This in turn will reduce also disparity in schools and we may call it as a digital turn.",10.1007/978-3-319-39483-1_63
1479,Article,CEINCI-LAB. A free software to find the seismic capacity curve of frames   with ADAS or TADAS dissipators,"CEINCI-LAB is a computer software developed using MATLAB for static or   dynamic structural analysis, in a friendly way and simultaneously serves   the user to reinforce structural knowledge. In this article the most   important aspects are present to find the resistant seismic capacity   curve of a reinforced concrete or steel plane frame, with ADAS or TADAS   energy dissipators above Chevron Braces, using the Pushover technique.   To whole dissipating-brace system two models are shown, the first is by   two equivalent braces and the second is considering the dissipating   element like a short element. For this last case, the dissipating   element is analyzed in two ways, to the first the dissipating element   stiffness matrix is found and to the second some rectangular segments of   constant section are considered to model the dissipating element.",NA
1480,InProceedings,Certification of Open Source Software - A Scoping Review,"Open source software (OSS) systems are being used for increasingly   critical functions in modern societies, e.g., in health care, finance,   government, defense, and other safety and security sensitive sectors.   There is an increasing interest in software certification as a means to   assure quality and dependability of such systems. However, the   development processes and organizational structures of OSS projects can   be substantially different from traditional closed-source projects. The   distributed, ``bazaar-style{''} approach to software development in OSS   systems is often perceived incompatible with certification. This paper   presents the results of a scoping review on certification in OSS systems   in order to identify and categorize key issues and provide a   comprehensive overview of the current evidence on this topic.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_9
1481,InProceedings,Classifying Organizational Adoption of Open Source Software: A Proposal,"Staged adoption models are a common feature of information systems (IS)   adoption literature, yet these are rarely used in open source software   (OSS) adoption studies. In this paper, a staged model for classifying   the organizational adoption of OSS is proposed, based upon a critical   review of existing staged adoption models and factors identified from   OSS adoption literature. Innovations in the proposed model include:   defined transition pathways between stages, additional stages and a   decomposition of cessation of use into four distinct pathways.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_10
1482,InProceedings,Collaborative Cloud Computing Application for Water Resources Based on   Open Source Software,"This article presents research and development of a collaboration cloud   computing application for water resources based on open source software.   The cloud computing application is using a hybrid deployment model of   public - private cloud, running on two separate virtual machines (VMs).   The first one (VM1) is running on Amazon web services (AWS) and the   second one (VM2) is running on a Xen cloud platform. The collaborative   cloud application has four web services for 1) data infrastructure (DI),   2) support for water resources modelling (WRM), 3) user management and   4) water resources optimization (WRO). The most important characteristic   of the cloud application is a real- time geo-collaboration platform   supporting multiple users. This research shows the capability to scale   and distribute the cloud application between several VMs. The cloud   application was successfully tested in the Zletovica case study in a   distributed computer environment with concurred multiple access.",10.1007/978-3-319-25733-4\\_8
1484,InProceedings,Collaborative Environments in Software Engineering Teaching: A FLOSS   Approach,"Open development has emerged as a method for creating versatile and   complex products through free collaboration of individuals. This free   collaboration gathers globally distributed teams. Similarly, it is   common today to view businesses and other human organisations as   ecosystems, where several participating companies and organisations   cooperate and compete together. As an example, Free/Libre Open Source   Software ( FLOSS) development is one area where community driven   development provides a plausible platform for both development of   products and establishing a software ecosystem where a set of businesses   contribute their own innovations. Equally, open and informal learning   environments and open innovation platforms are also gaining ground.   While such initiatives are not limited to any specific area, they   typically offer a technological, legal, social, and economic framework   for development, relying always on people as open development would not   exist without the active participation of them. This paper explores the   participation of master students in FLOSS projects, while merging two   different settings of learning: formal and open/informal education.",NA
1485,InProceedings,Combining FOSS and Kanban: An Action Research,"Even though Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Agile Software   Development (ASD) have been recognized as important ways to develop   software, share some similarities, and have many success stories, there   is a lack of research regarding the comprehensive integration of both   practices. This study attempts to consolidate these methods and to   answer if FOSS and ASD can be combined successfully. Action Reseach (AR)   is conducted with one sub-team of a large FOSS project. We performed two   action research cycles based on the Kanban method. This paper has two   main contributions; first, it describes a real world situation, where   Kanban is applied to a FOSS project, and second, it suggests two new   Kanban practices. These two methods are targeted specifically at FOSS   projects and their characteristics.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_6
1486,Article,Communities: with open-source software towards a vivacious civil society,"Local communities in Germany are under great pressure to modernize their   services: high depth rate, increasing expectations concerning the   quality of the services, socio-demographic change, environmental issues,   regional competition-to name only a few of the challenges. In a society   based on a federal structure and the principle of subsidiarity, it is   almost natural to demand a vivid community with active citizens. Today,   with the advent of social media and the new channels of communication,   the question is how to leverage the benefits of this concept for local   issues. More precise: How can the competence of the citizens be   activated to make conditions of living in the neighbourhoods more   attractive? In this paper, we discuss technical requirements for an open   government. The SAGA standard of the Federal German Government strongly   supports the notion of open-source software. With OpenSAGA, we introduce   a new, performant and SAGA-compliant framework for the implementation of   web applications for e-Government. Consequently, OpenSAGA is the   platform for an OpenGovernment Suite, an extended prototype for   affordable and interoperable open government solutions.",10.1007/s00146-015-0595-6
1487,InProceedings,Comparison of FOSS based Profiling Tools in Linux Operating System   Environment,"Current computing systems comes with different power management and   profiling tools to run the system in its optimal state. Though the   hardware systems have advanced a lot in-terms of energy efficiency and   computing power, the software's energy and resources efficiency is still   lacking behind. In many cases due to poor/bad designing of software it   cannot utilize the hardware efficiently and end up a system with high   energy consumption. To address this issues software's need a careful   profiling in its development process to make the software efficient and   less resource hungry. In this paper we compared some of the profiling   tools available as Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) which are used   under Linux environment. These software tools uses different strategies   and have different accuracies in finding a system and software programs   behavior and its resource requirements. Their performance and resource   overheads such as memory, CPU, disk consumption were compared and   results are summarized for making the tools selection easier to   researchers and developers alike. Another important issue with these   tools are that, their reporting formats are not always easy to   understand and it makes them less user friendly.",NA
1488,InCollection,Component-Oriented Reliability Assessment Approach Based on   Decision-Making Frameworks for Open Source Software,"At present, the open source software (OSS) development paradigm is   rapidly spreading. In order to consider the effect of each software   component on the reliability of a system developed in a distributed   environment such as an open source software project, we apply AHP   (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and ANP (Analytic Network Process) which   are well-established decision-making methods. We also propose a method   of reliability assessment based on the software reliability growth   models incorporating the interaction among the components. Moreover, we   analyze actual software fault count data to show numerical examples of   software reliability assessment for a concurrent distributed development   environment. Furthermore, we consider an efficient and effectivemethod   of software reliability assessment for actual OSS projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-30599-8\\_23
1489,Article,Coordinating Interdependencies in Online Communities: A Study of an Open   Source Software Project,"To manage work interdependencies, online communities draw on a variety   of arm's length coordination mechanisms offered by information   technology platforms and associated practices. However, ``unresolved   interdependencies{''} remain that cannot be addressed by such arm's   length mechanisms. These interdependencies reflect, for example,   unidentified or emerging knowledge-based dependencies between the   community members or unaccounted relationships between ongoing community   tasks. At the same time, online communities cannot resort to   hierarchical coordination mechanisms such as incentives or command   structures to address such interdependencies. So, how do they manage   such interdependencies? To address this question, we conduct an   exploratory, theory-generating case study involving qualitative and   computational analyses of development activities within an open source   software community: Rubinius. We analyze the ongoing management of   interdependencies within the community and find that unresolved   interdependencies are associated with alternatively structured sequences   of activities, which we define as routines. In particular, we observe   that two distinct classes of interdependencies-development and developer   interdependencies-are associated with alternative forms of routine   variation. We identify two generalized routine components-direct   implementation and knowledge integration, which address these two   distinct classes of unresolved interdependencies. In particular, direct   implementation deals with development interdependencies within the code   that are not already coordinated through modular interfaces, while   knowledge integration resolves unaccounted interdependencies between   developers. We conclude with implications for research into organizing   principles for online communities and note the significance of our   findings for the study of coordination in organization studies in   general.",10.1287/isre.2016.0673
1490,InProceedings,Core-Periphery Communication and the Success of Free/Libre Open Source   Software Projects,"We examine the relationship between communications by core and   peripheral members and Free/Libre Open Source Software project success.   The study uses data from 74 projects in the Apache Software Foundation   Incubator. We conceptualize project success in terms of success building   a community, as assessed by graduation from the Incubator. We compare   successful and unsuccessful projects on volume of communication by core   (committer) and peripheral community members and on use of inclusive   pronouns as an indication of efforts to create intimacy among team   members. An innovation of the paper is that use of inclusive pronouns is   measured using natural language processing techniques. We find that core   and peripheral members differ in their volume of contribution and in   their use of inclusive pronouns, and that volume of communication is   related to project success.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_4
1492,Article,"DEPLOYING SDN AND NFV AT THE SPEED OF INNOVATION: TOWARD A NEW BOND   BETWEEN STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS, INDUSTRY FORA, AND   OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECTS","Standards development organizations (SDOs) exist to assure the   development of consensus-based, quality standards. These formal   standards are needed in the telecommunications market to achieve   functional interoperability. The standardization process takes years,   and then a vendor still needs to implement the resulting standard in a   product. This prevents service providers (SPs) who are willing to   venture into new domains from doing so at a fast pace. With the   development of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function   virtualization (NFV), opensource technology is emerging as a new option   in the telecommunications market. In contrast to SDOs, open-source   software (OSS) communities create a product that may implicitly define a   de-facto standard based on market consensus. Therefore, SPs are drawn to   OSS, but they face technical, procedural, legal, and cultural challenges   due to their lack of experience with open software development. The   question therefore arises, how the interaction between OSS communities,   SDOs, and industry fora (IF) can be organized to tackle these   challenges.   This article examines the evolving roles of OSS communities, IF, and   SDOs, and places them in an NFV/SDN context. It sketches the differences   between these roles and provides guidelines on how the interaction   between them can turn into a mutually beneficial relationship that   balances the conflicting goals of timely development on the one hand and   technical excellence, openness, and fairness on the other, to reach   their common goal of creating flexible and efficient telecommunications   networks.",10.1109/MCOM.2016.7432171
1493,InProceedings,Defectiveness Evolution in Open Source Software Systems,"One of the essential objectives of the software engineering is to   develop techniques and tools for high-quality software solutions that   are stable and maintainable. Software managers and developers use   several measures to measure and improve the quality of a software   solution throughout the development process. These measures assess the   quality of different software attributes, such as product size,   cohesion, coupling, and complexity. Researchers and practitioners use   software metrics to understand and improve software solutions and the   processes used to develop them. Determining the relationship between   software metrics aids in clarifying practical issues with regard to the   relationship between the quality of internal and external software   attributes. We conducted an empirical study on two open source systems   (JEDIT and ANT) to study the defectiveness Evolution in Open Source   Software Systems. The result reveals that a good designed software has   lesser defects and have high cohesion. Moreover the study also revealed   that defects are higher in initial versions and most corrected errors   are from major classes in initial version. Removal of defects also   reveals that a good software is consistently improved and feed backs are   important part of open source systems. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published   by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.015
1494,Article,Development of a Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System using Low-cost   Microcontroller and Open-source Software,"Continuous monitoring of environmental parameters provides farmers with   useful information, which can improve the quality and productivity of   crops grown in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to develop a   greenhouse environment measurement system using a low-cost   microcontroller with open-source software. Greenhouse environment   parameters measured were air temperature, relative humidity, and carbon   dioxide (CO2) concentration. The ranges of the temperature, relative   humidity, and CO2 concentration were -40 to 120 degrees C, 0 to 100\\%,   and 0 to 10,000 ppm, respectively. A 128 x 64 graphic LCD display was   used for real-time monitoring of the greenhouse environments. An Arduino   Uno R3 consisted of a USB interface for communicating with a computer, 6   analog inputs, and 14 digital input/output pins. A temperature/relative   humidity sensor was connected to digital pins 2 and 3. A CO2 sensor was   connected to digital pins 12 and 13. The LCD was connected to digital   pin 1 (TX). The sketches were programmed with the Arduino Software   (IDE). A measurement system including the Arduino board, sensors, and   accessories was developed (totaling \\$244). Data for the environmental   parameters in a venlo-type greenhouse were obtained using this system   without any problems. We expect that the low-cost microcontroller using   open-source software can be used for monitoring the environments of   plastic greenhouses in Korea.",10.12972/kjhst.20160090
1495,Article,Dilemmas within commercial involvement in open source software,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature   about the commercial involvement in open source software, levels of this   involvement and consequences of attempting to mix various logics of   action.   Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses the case study approach   based on mixed methods: literature reviews and news searches, electronic   surveys, qualitative interviews and observations. It combines   discussions from several research projects as well as previous   publications to present the scope of commercial choices within open   source software and their consequences.   Findings - The findings show that higher levels of involvement in open   source software communities poses important questions about the balance   between economic, technological, and social logics as well as the   benefits of being autonomous, having access to collaborative networks   and minimizing risks related to free-riding. There are six levels of   commercial involvement in open source communities, and each of them is   characterized by a different dilemma.   Originality/value - The paper sheds light on the various level of   involvement of business in open source movement and emphasize that the   popularized ``open innovation{''} concept is only the first step in real   involvement and paradigm shift.",10.1108/JOCM-04-2013-0058
1497,InProceedings,"Do open projects ""break the mirror""? re-conceptualization of organizational configurations in open source software (OSS) production","The mirroring hypothesis predicts that loosely-coupled developers will develop a loosely-coupled software system. However, empirical studies have brought confusing results about the mirroring relationship in open source software (OSS) production: loosely-coupled OSS contributors have developed a tightly-coupled system, deviating from theoretical prediction, but are still successful. This study aims to provide better understanding about ""breaking the mirror"" in community-based OSS production in which there is no significant corporate participation. We propose it is not the mirroring hypothesis that is broken, but the manner in which we conceptualize and measure organizational configurations in OSS production.",10.1145/2897586.2897593
1500,InProceedings,Dolphin: A Search Engine for OSS Based on Crowd Discussions across   Communities,"The global open source software resources have become an Internet-scale   repository, which provide abundant resources for software reuse.   However, how to locate the desired resource efficiently and accurately   from such large amounts is quite a challenge problem. Most of recent   works barely focus on the semantic similarity by analyzing the software   itself, which often result in inappropriate ranking. In this paper, we   propose Dolphin, a global OSS search engine, which leverage the crowd   discussions around OSS across communities for optimizing software   ranking. Dolphin employs the crowd wisdom as an important factor and   combines it with the semantic similarity to optimize search results   ranking. We implement an OSS search engine based on the proposed   approach, which provides online service continuously. Extensive   experiments and user studies suggest the effectiveness of our approach.",NA
1501,InProceedings,EXPERIENCES USING FREE SOFTWARE SIMULATION TOOLS IN ENGINEERING HIGHER   EDUCATION,"The advances experienced in the Information and Communication   Technologies and the popularization of the devices with computing   capacity have promoted the use of simulators, programs and programming   languages as educational resources. However, the use of these tools for   education purposes faces important barriers: the availability of the   resources, the cost and the students' perception, among many others.   These problems might be overcome by the use of free software simulators.   In this paper, we present several experiences using free software tools   in engineering Higher Education courses. The experiences shown cover   several courses of different engineering Degrees: ``Electronics and   Automation{''}, ``Electrical Engineering{''}, ``Computing{''} and   ``Industrial Technologies{''}. These tools have been used in teaching   activities for several years. As a result, the perceptions, gained   experience and views of the teachers involved in the different courses   are presented and discussed. Teachers specially valued the independence   of the tools from commercial policies, as well as the suppression of   expensive licenses. Additionally, they perceived that students   understood better the simulations performed since all the parts of the   tools could be freely accessed. They also remarked the possibility of   changing the code at low level and fuse different free software projects   together, what is not possible with the commercial tools. In addition,   free software resources allowed students to start in a very common world   currently, the collaborative communities, which may be of great   importance in their future professional activities. However, teachers   involved in these experiences also detected several drawbacks. In some   cases, free software simulators are less robust than their commercial   alternatives, which usually pay special attention at the design, being   perceived by students as a signal of higher quality. In some simulators   the documentation is incomplete, and there is a lack of easy-to-use   examples which hinders the use of the tool by low-experienced users such   as first-year students. The opportunities and threats faced by these   tools are also discussed, concluding that when selecting an educational   resource, the free software resources must be considered as perfectly   valid options in the same conditions as the proprietary solutions.",NA
1502,Article,Efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection with dental floss clip   traction for gastric epithelial neoplasia: a pilot study (with video),"Providing appropriate tension to the lesion and securing a stable view   of the submucosal layer is important for accomplishing successful   endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in gastric cancer. Dental floss   clip traction (DFC), a new traction method, is proposed to reduce the   difficulty of ESD. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate   the efficacy of DFC for gastric ESD.   From August to November 2014, a total of 95 patients with 104 gastric   epithelial neoplasms underwent DFC-ESD (DFC group). Historical controls   treated by conventional ESD (control group) were individually matched to   cases at a 1:1 ratio by lesion location, ulcer findings, resected   specimen size, and the proficiency of the operator (trainee/expert). The   outcomes of the procedure in the two groups were then compared.   The mean +/- A SD procedure time was 43 +/- A 24 min in the DFC group   and 52 +/- A 30 min in the control group (P < 0.01). Fewer lesions in   the DFC group needed > 80 min compared with the control group (3-vs-16   cases, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in adverse   events between the groups. Perforation and delayed bleeding occurred in   one and four lesions, respectively, in the DFC group, and three and nine   in the control group. En bloc resection was achieved in all cases. No   significant differences were found regarding curability of ESD between   the groups.   DFC effectively reduced ESD procedure time without increasing adverse   events. DFC is helpful for rapid, safe ESD.",10.1007/s00464-015-4580-4
1503,InProceedings,Employing UNICEF Open Source Software Tools in mHealth Projects in   Nicaragua,"The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a UN organization whose   charter is to protect and improve the lives of children around the   world. Maternal and child health are health-related areas where UNICEF   has developed innovative Information and Communication Technology (ICT)   solutions in the general domain of mHealth in which text messages have   been used to address particular health issues. We have used two UNICEF   open source software packages, Rapid SMS and Rapid Pro, in tele-health   projects in Nicaragua. In this paper we describe the implementation of   these projects and the relative advantages/disadvantages of using these   two software tools in implementing our solutions.",10.1007/978-3-319-48746-5\\_29
1504,InProceedings,Evaluation of Open Source Software and Improving its Quality,"Open Source Software's (OSS) have been existing since decades. Several   organizations around the globe are joining the notion to build with Open   Source Model. They are finding open source as an attractive and   practical alternative to proprietary software. Price tag of Open Source   Software is very appealing. It can be inspected, modified, and freely   redistributed. So several major organizations are considering to move to   open source alternatives. Our work is an effort to provide a complete   feedback based model to the client. Using proposed model client can   evaluate different open source software's which provide similar   functionalities in a better way. Proposed model takes feedback from   clients upon the priority of attributes that affect the evaluation of   OSS. Scoring of products are done on various attributes and final scores   are calculated. Product with high score is considered as a better   option.",NA
1505,Article,"Evaluation of the free, open source software WordPress as electronic   portfolio system in undergraduate medical education","Background: Electronic portfolios (ePortfolios) are used to document and   support learning activities. E-portfolios with mobile capabilities allow   even more flexibility. However, the development or acquisition of   ePortfolio software is often costly, and at the same time, commercially   available systems may not sufficiently fit the institution's needs. The   aim of this study was to design and evaluate an ePortfolio system with   mobile capabilities using a commercially free and open source software   solution.   Methods: We created an online ePortfolio environment using the blogging   software WordPress based on reported capability features of such   software by a qualitative weight and sum method. Technical   implementation and usability were evaluated by 25 medical students   during their clinical training by quantitative and qualitative means   using online questionnaires and focus groups.   Results: The WordPress ePortfolio environment allowed students a broad   spectrum of activities - often documented via mobile devices - like   collection of multimedia evidences, posting reflections, messaging, web   publishing, ePortfolio searches, collaborative learning, knowledge   management in a content management system including a wiki and RSS   feeds, and the use of aid tools for studying. The students' experience   with WordPress revealed a few technical problems, and this report   provides workarounds. The WordPress ePortfolio was rated positively by   the students as a content management system (67 \\% of the students), for   exchange with other students (74 \\%), as a note pad for reflections (53   \\%) and for its potential as an information source for assessment (48   \\%) and exchange with a mentor (68 \\%). On the negative side, 74 \\% of   the students in this pilot study did not find it easy to get started   with the system, and 63 \\% rated the ePortfolio as not being   user-friendly. Qualitative analysis indicated a need for more   introductory information and training.   Conclusions: It is possible to build an advanced ePortfolio system with   mobile capabilities with the free and open source software WordPress.   This allows institutions without proprietary software to build a   sophisticated ePortfolio system adapted to their needs with relatively   few resources. The implementation of WordPress should be accompanied by   introductory courses in the use of the software and its apps in order to   facilitate its usability.",10.1186/s12909-016-0678-1
1506,InProceedings,Experience Report: Guiding Faculty \\& Students to Participate in   Humanitarian FOSS Communities,"Students in computer science (CS) and related disciplines must master   content knowledge and skills as well as process skills including   communication, critical thinking, problem solving, and teamwork. Free \\&   Open Source Software (FOSS) projects provide opportunities for students   to contribute to real software systems and participate in diverse   communities, helping students to master both content and process skills.   Humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) projects address social needs, and appeal to   many students. However, FOSS can present challenges for students and   teachers. To address these challenges, faculty use evidence-based   approaches, including Team Project Based Learning (TPBL) and Process   Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL). This paper describes the   redesign of a set of workshop sessions to help faculty learn about HFOSS   principles and communities, and how to use HFOSS, TPBL, and POGIL in   their own classrooms.",10.1109/T4E.2016.53
1507,Article,FREE SOFTWARE AND GOVERNMENT: A FEEBLE TRIO KLE OF WATER IN THE DIGITAL   MILL,"Investigating the government's choice for promoting open source software   initiatives is a complex task that demands a deeper look at the software   market situation. Through an analytical and empirical approach, this   research aims to further understanding of the elements that make up the   software market and classify the major problems present in this realm.   The theoretical framework applied is the theories of the struggle for   recognition and living lawfully. The underpinning of this research is   that the adoption of open source software by the Brazilian Government   has not changed the essential character of the market, as the structures   that could transform the nature of this scenario are still monopolized   by proprietary software companies.",10.12957/rqi.2016.18174
1508,Article,Facial soft tissue reconstruction using open source software. Selected   case example,"The identification of an unknown deceased person is an important task in   forensic anthropology. There are various methods for identification,   such as fingerprinting, odontostomatology and genetic fingerprinting,   which presuppose the existence of reference material of the missing   person; however, if there is no evidence of a person's identity the only   possibility is often the use of forensic facial soft tissue   reconstruction. This method is based on the high recognition level of a   human face on the basis of bony structures of the skull and its   anatomical features.   The aim of this study was the design and application of a novel process   for a computer-aided 3D facial soft tissue reconstruction on the basis   of digital photographs of a skull.   The facial soft tissue reconstruction was carried out on a selected   forensic case and based on open source software.   A complete facial soft tissue reconstruction of the deceased person was   created based on 76 photographs of the skull taken with a Nikon D7100   SLR digital camera. The results show that for actual comparison images   similar reconstruction results can be achieved. In addition, a model   library for facial features was created.   The presented workflow of a computer-aided 3D facial soft tissue   reconstruction based on open source software is a cost-effective and   flexible alternative to conventional reconstruction methods. It could be   demonstrated that comparable reconstruction results can be achieved.   Whether the reconstruction result actually leads to the recognition of   the person depends on many other factors.",10.1007/s00194-015-0067-9
1509,InProceedings,"Factors Affecting Adoption of FLOSS ERP System by SMEs' Directors and   Managers in Developing Countries Using UTAUT2, SEM and R","Integrated Information Systems have become the standard in both small   and large companies as the most effective approach to managing critical   business processes, information flows, and supporting better decision   making. Taking note of the Free/Libre \\& Open Source Software (FLOSS)   movement rise and benefits as well, in the contemporary climate of   fierce competition. A ready made FLOSS Enterprise Resource Planning   (ERP) System that offer great opportunities for cost reduction and   quality improvement is always a wiser decision for Developing Countries'   Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) over getting a ``From   scratch{''} software solution. The aim of this paper is to provide   further understanding of issues surrounding adoption of FLOSS ERP by SME   in Developing Countries. We employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance   and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model to determine the strength of   predictors for SMEs' managers and directors' intention to accept and use   FLOSS ERP systems of better operational, tactical and strategical   decision making. Questionnaires were administered to 200 SMEs' managers   and directors in the Kingdom of Morocco, Republic of Tunisia and   Republic of Ivory Coast, with 177 returned, a xx\\% return rate.   LimeSurvey and Google Forms have been used to collect data through web   based surveys published on-line, sent to people via email and via social   networks profiles, groups and pages. R Software for Statistical   Computing, Psych and Lavaan R packages for Structural Equation Modeling   were used to analyze data collected. The measurement and structure model   was examined using Structural Equation Modeling. Constructs Performance   Expectancy (PE) and Effort Expectancy (EE) significantly predicted   Behavioral Intention (BI) to use FLOSS ERP, where Social influence (SI),   Price Value (PV) and Use Behavior (UB) were statistically insignificant,   as was Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), Habit (HT)   on both UB and BI. We recommend that future studies should differentiate   between SME's obtaining aids from government or NGOs, and other SMEs   that depends on its own resources, for more reliable results and   conclusions.",NA
1510,InProceedings,Framework for Successful Open Source Software Implementation in the   Malaysian Public Sector,"This research is a study on the development of a framework for   successful Open Source Software (OSS) implementation in the Malaysian   Public Sector. A preliminary study was done to explore the state of OSS   implementation among government agencies since the launch of the   Malaysian Public Sector OSS Master Plan on July 16, 2004.   Semi-structured face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions were   conducted with IT managers and IT officers in the Northern Region of   Peninsular Malaysia. The preliminary study aimed at investigating the   usage of OSS and proprietary software, the level of OSS utilisation, the   level of OSS knowledge and training of ICT and non-ICT staff, software   development and acquisition model, internal OSS manpower capabilities   and skills, the user's perception of the advantages of OSS, the user's   perception of the risks of OSS, and the problems or barriers in OSS   implementation. The results of interviews show that there are many   problems or barriers in OSS implementation, e.g. lack of internal OSS   expertise, lack of OSS policy, and lack of top management support.   Therefore, this study will test the hypotheses on the success factors to   OSS implementation in the public sector and to propose a framework for   successful OSS implementation in the Malaysian Public Sector. A   quantitative approach using survey method via questionnaire will be   performed to answer the research question where simple random sampling   will be used. The target respondents are the IT managers and IT officers   among the sampling frame of 192 public sector agencies in Malaysia that   have successfully implemented at least three OSS solution areas.",NA
1512,Article,From Aristotle to Ringelmann: a large-scale analysis of team   productivity and coordination in Open Source Software projects,"Complex software development projects rely on the contribution of teams   of developers, who are required to collaborate and coordinate their   efforts. The productivity of such development teams, i.e., how their   size is related to the produced output, is an important consideration   for project and schedule management as well as for cost estimation. The   majority of studies in empirical software engineering suggest that - due   to coordination overhead - teams of collaborating developers become less   productive as they grow in size. This phenomenon is commonly paraphrased   as Brooks' law of software project management, which states that   ``adding manpower to a software project makes it later{''}. Outside   software engineering, the non-additive scaling of productivity in teams   is often referred to as the Ringelmann effect, which is studied   extensively in social psychology and organizational theory. Conversely,   a recent study suggested that in Open Source Software (OSS) projects,   the productivity of developers increases as the team grows in size.   Attributing it to collective synergetic effects, this surprising finding   was linked to the Aristotelian quote that ``the whole is more than the   sum of its parts{''}. Using a data set of 58 OSS projects with more than   580,000 commits contributed by more than 30,000 developers, in this   article we provide a large-scale analysis of the relation between size   and productivity of software development teams. Our findings confirm the   negative relation between team size and productivity previously   suggested by empirical software engineering research, thus providing   quantitative evidence for the presence of a strong Ringelmann effect.   Using fine-grained data on the association between developers and source   code files, we investigate possible explanations for the observed   relations between team size and productivity. In particular, we take a   network perspective on developer-code associations in software   development teams and show that the magnitude of the decrease in   productivity is likely to be related to the growth dynamics of   co-editing networks which can be interpreted as a first-order   approximation of coordination requirements.",10.1007/s10664-015-9406-4
1513,Article,Fuzzy analysis and prediction of commit activity in open source software   projects,"Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are the most   commonly used prediction models in the previous studies on software   evolution prediction. This study explores a prediction method based on   fuzzy time series for predicting the future commit activity in open   source software (OSS) projects. The idea to choose fuzzy time series   based prediction method is due to the stochastic nature of the OSS   development process. Commit activity of OSS project indicates the   activeness of its development community. An active development community   is a strong contributor to the success of OSS project. Therefore commit   activity prediction is an important indicator to the project managers,   developers, and users regarding the evolutionary prospects of the   project in future. The fuzzy time series-based prediction method is of   order three and uses time variant difference parameter on the current   state to forecast the next state data. The performance and suitability   of computational method are examined in comparison with that of ARIMA   model on a data set of seven OSS systems. It is found that the predicted   results of the computational method outperform various ARIMA models.   Towards the end, a commit prediction model is used for each project to   analyse the trends in their commit activity.",10.1049/iet-sen.2015.0087
1515,Article,Game theory and open source contribution: Rationale behind corporate   participation in open source software development,"The rising participation of for-profit corporations in the development   of open source software raises the question of why corporations are   motivated toward this engagement. The increased participation is an   observable phenomenon; many researchers and practitioners assume that   the practice of community sharing does not improve the bottom line, but   rather believe the practice is altruistic in nature. Our intuition is   that participation offers tangible and intangible benefits to corporate   participants. We show this by exploring a variety of models in game   theory and use game theory as a methodological lens to explain the   rationality of corporate participation in open source software   development. Since game theory has evolved to include rational- and   emotional-based reasons, we explore such lenses as cooperative games,   metagames, coopetition, and Drama Theory. Our research question, Why do   for-profit corporations participate in the development of open source   software? was broad enough to adopt several useful perspectives to   understand our data. One useful lens was game theory. In this article,   we examine interview responses and field study data from corporate   members of open source communities to determine how they justify   devoting time and effort to community engagement. Our study makes a   contribution to open source software literature by revealing that   numerous rational and emotional reasons exist for corporate   participation in open source software development.",10.1080/10919392.2016.1228360
1517,InProceedings,"HARVESTING, INTEGRATING AND DISTRIBUTING LARGE OPEN GEOSPATIAL DATASETS   USING FREE AND OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE","Federal, State and Local government agencies in the USA are investing   heavily on the dissemination of Open Data sets produced by each of them.   The main driver behind this thrust is to increase agencies' transparency   and accountability, as well as to improve citizens' awareness. However,   not all Open Data sets are easy to access and integrate with other Open   Data sets available even from the same agency. The City and County of   Denver Open Data Portal distributes several types of geospatial   datasets, one of them is the city parcels information containing 224,256   records. Although this data layer contains many pieces of information it   is incomplete for some custom purposes. Open-Source Software were used   to first collect data from diverse City of Denver Open Data sets, then   upload them to a repository in the Cloud where they were processed using   a PostgreSQL installation on the Cloud and Python scripts. Our method   was able to extract non-spatial information from a   `not-ready-to-download' source that could then be combined with the   initial data set to enhance its potential use.",10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B7-939-2016
1518,InProceedings,How to Use Open Source Software in Education,"There are many papers about projects that release their software as open source. Our panel looks at why open source is a good idea for education, and how it can best be leveraged. The panel represents industry and academia and its members have years of experience in the field. Specific questions that panelists will address, in addition to their position statements, are: What makes open source particularly attractive for educators and students'What are barriers to use?What areas of computer science and what levels of study are most appropriate for introducing open source?Finally, this panel takes a step back and looks at the broad issues associated with using that software in education. We will mention the specific details of releasing, curating, licensing and using open source software. But most of all this panel wants to explore how, for educators, open source works. We believe it is because open source fosters an ecosystem of collaborators who can pool resources and expertise to build new collaborative ways of solving hard research projects. We look forward to the contributions from the audience and energetic debate.",10.1145/2839509.2844665
1519,InProceedings,Identifying Content Types of Messages Related to Open Source Software   Projects,"Assessing the suitability of an Open Source Software project for   adoption requires not only an analysis of aspects related to the code,   such as code quality, frequency of updates and new version releases, but   also an evaluation of the quality of support offered in related online   forums and issue trackers. Understanding the content types of forum   messages and issue trackers can provide information about the extent to   which requests are being addressed and issues are being resolved, the   percentage of issues that are not being fixed, the cases where the user   acknowledged that the issue was successfully resolved, etc. These   indicators can provide potential adopters of the OSS with estimates   about the level of available support. We present a detailed hierarchy of   content types of online forum messages and issue tracker comments and a   corpus of messages annotated accordingly. We discuss our experiments to   classify forum messages and issue tracker comments into content-related   classes, i.e. to assign them to nodes of the hierarchy. The results are   very encouraging.",NA
1520,InProceedings,Implementing MANET for Trustworthy Collaboration using OSS and Android   Based COTS Devices,"Adhoc networking is not supported by Google in basic Android kernel as   part of Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Various projects are in hand   by different organizations to explore and implement the Mobile Adhoc   Networking (MANET) feature on Android based devices due to their   peculiar infrastructure-less requirements (such as disaster management,   nomadic battle fields having no communication infrastructure, search and   rescue operations etc). These projects carrying out research on MANETs   have successfully implemented adhoc networking on few targeted devices,   hence implementation of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) on every new   Android based device is quite challenging in nature. We have researched   on Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) devices (such mobile phones and   tablets) to implement adhoc networking using open source software (OSS)   such as Serval Mesh, MANET Manager, WiFi Tether applications. We have   also modified the TrevE-Mod WiFi Tether application to work successfully   with MANET Manager and Linux/ Windows based Personal Computers (PCs) in   an adhoc network. The results achieved by performance evaluation tools   and testing of VoIP applications have proved it to be satisfactory. We   have also satisfactorily implemented, configured and tested point to   point Virtual Private Network (VPN) between MANET nodes using OSS (VPN   Server, OpenVPN for Android, OpenVPN Connect). The application of   standards based security algorithms (for authentication and encryption   in VPNs) demonstrates that these technologies can be effectively used   for secure collaboration in adhoc environments as well.",10.1109/CTS.2016.89
1522,InProceedings,Industrial Experience with Open Source Software Process Management,"The usage of external open source software components can improve   proprietary software in multiple ways, such as higher quality, lower   cost, and faster time-to-market. But in order to fully benefit from its   usage there are some important aspects to take into account, as well as   significant risks to specifically manage to avoid potential legal   consequences. This paper lays out the foundations for a process   framework that successfully manages those risks and addresses the   intrinsic aspects of open source software usage. Furthermore, it   proposes a well-proven basis and best practices for corporate   governance, policy, strategy, and process implementation.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2016.138
1524,Article,Inequalities in Open Source Software Development: Analysis of   Contributor's Commits in Apache Software Foundation Projects,"While researchers are becoming increasingly interested in studying OSS   phenomenon, there is still a small number of studies analyzing larger   samples of projects investigating the structure of activities among OSS   developers. The significant amount of information that has been gathered   in the publicly available open-source software repositories and   mailing-list archives offers an opportunity to analyze projects   structures and participant involvement. In this article, using on   commits data from 263 Apache projects repositories (nearly all), we show   that although OSS development is often described as collaborative, but   it in fact predominantly relies on radically solitary input and   individual, non-collaborative contributions. We also show, in the first   published study of this magnitude, that the engagement of contributors   is based on a power-law distribution.",10.1371/journal.pone.0152976
1525,Article,Inflow and Retention in OSS Communities with Commercial Involvement: A   Case Study of Three Hybrid Projects,"Motivation: Open-source projects are often supported by companies, but   such involvement often affects the robust contributor inflow needed to   sustain the project and sometimes prompts key contributors to leave. To   capture user innovation and to maintain quality of software and   productivity of teams, these projects need to attract and retain   contributors. Aim: We want to understand and quantify how inflow and   retention are shaped by policies and actions of companies in three   application server projects. Method: We identified three hybrid projects   implementing the same JavaEE specification and used published   literature, online materials, and interviews to quantify actions and   policies companies used to get involved. We collected project repository   data, analyzed affiliation history of project participants, and used   generalized linear models and survival analysis to measure contributor   inflow and retention. Results: We identified coherent groups of policies   and actions undertaken by sponsoring companies as three models of   community involvement and quantified tradeoffs between the inflow and   retention each model provides. We found that full control mechanisms and   high intensity of commercial involvement were associated with a decrease   of external inflow and with improved retention. However, a shared   control mechanism was associated with increased external inflow   contemporaneously with the increase of commercial involvement.   Implications: Inspired by a natural experiment, our methods enabled us   to quantify aspects of the balance between community and private   interests in open-source software projects and provide clear   implications for the structure of future open-source communities.",10.1145/2876443
1529,InProceedings,Intragroup Density Predicting Intergroup Tie Strength Within   Open-Source-Software Collaboration Network,"There have been many studies in the literature discussing intra- and   inter-cluster ties within sociological systems denoted by strong and   weak ties, social and biological systems represented by community   structure, and organizational systems signified by strong and loose   couplings; where inter-cluster ties are mostly considered weak or loose.   Loose couplings lead to dissemination or retrieval of information,   spread of viruses, new product adoption, more and their prediction is   significant for knowledge management, organizational innovation,   epidemics of contagious diseases, and viral product design. Therefore in   this paper, we investigate how to predict inter-cluster tie strength,   and propose that inter-cluster tie strength can be predicted from   determination of intra-cluster density. In the model design section, we   provide the hypothesis and discuss logical and analytical reasoning; in   the empirical section, we alternatively examine the relationship between   intra-group density and inter-group tie strength via examining   open-source-software (OSS) project collaboration data collected from   SourceForge repository.",10.1007/978-3-319-40162-1\\_18
1530,Article,Investigating and Projecting Population Structures in Open Source   Software Projects: A Case Study of Projects in GitHub,"GitHub is a developers' social networking service that hosts a great   number of open source software (OSS) projects. Although some of the   hosted projects are growing and have many developers, most projects are   organized by a few developers and face difficulties in terms of   sustainability. OSS projects depend mainly on volunteer developers, and   attracting and retaining these volunteers are major concerns of the   project stakeholders. To investigate the population structures of OSS   development communities in detail and conduct software analytics to   obtain actionable information, we apply a demographic approach.   Demography is the scientific study of population and seeks to identify   the levels and trends in the size and components of a population. This   paper presents a case study, investigating the characteristics of the   population structures of OSS projects on GitHub, and shows population   projections generated with the well-known cohort component method. We   found that there are four types of population structures in OSS   development communities in terms of experiences and contributions. In   addition, we projected the future population accurately using a cohort   component population projection method. This method predicts a   population of the next period using a survival rate calculated from past   population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that   applied demography to the field of OSS research. Our approach addressing   OSS-related problems based on demography will bring new insights, since   studying population is novel in OSS research. Understanding current and   future structures of OSS projects can help practitioners to monitor a   project, gain awareness of what is happening, manage risks, and evaluate   past decisions.",10.1587/transinf.2015EDP7363
1532,InProceedings,Is It a New Feature or Simply ``Don't know yet{''}? On Automated   Redundant OSS Feature Requests Identification,"Open source projects rely on issue tracking systems such as JIRA or   online forums to keep track of users' feedback, expectations and   requested features. However, since users are not fully aware of existing   features, when submitting new feature requests, redundant requests often   appear in the new feature list. It is a waste of time and effort for   project contributors to manually identify and reject them, especially in   complex systems with many features. Our research is aiming to find a   suitable solution to identify redundant feature requests in OSS   projects. We have conducted a survey on a well-known Open Source   community, Hibernate and gathered all of its feature requests   up-to-date. Through studying and categorizing the characteristics of   these feature requests, we have found that about 37\\% of the feature   requests were rejected and the most common rejection reason was   redundancy. Also we have found that it is very expensive to identify and   resolve these redundant feature requests. In this paper, we have   proposed our solution to automatically identify redundant feature   requests through a Feature Tree Model along with a future research   agenda.",10.1109/RE.2016.65
1533,InProceedings,KE TOOL: AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR AUTOMATED INPUT DATA IN DISCRETE   EVENT SIMULATION PROJECTS,"Input data management is a time-consuming and costly for Discrete Event   Simulation (DES) projects. According to research studies, the input data   phase constitutes, on the average, can account for over a third of the   time of an entire simulation project. This paper presents a newly   developed Open Source (OS) tool, called the Knowledge Extraction (KE)   tool that automates the input data management in DES projects enabling   real-time simulation. The OS software reads data from several resources   of an organisation; analyses it using statistical analysis and outputs   it in a format that is applicable to be used by simulation software, all   conducted in one automated process. We explain how the KE tool is   developed using Python libraries, introduce its structure and provide   insights of its employment.",NA
1535,InProceedings,Knowledge Sharing Profiles in Free Software Communities,"Knowledge is an obtainable, renewable, dynamic, context-dependent   resource that is capable of providing competitive advantage in   organizations. Knowledge can be shared, and the knowledge sharing cycle   has two processes: knowledge donation, when a person voluntarily offers   his intellectual capital to others, and knowledge collection, when a   person consults other people's intellectual capital. Knowledge sharing   is important for, among other reasons, improving organizational   learning, innovative capacity, organizational success and productivity.   Knowledge can be shared among individuals, groups and organizations. One   kind of group organized to share knowledge is the community of practice,   where people have mutual relationships involving a regular flow of   knowledge between them, which facilitates the generation of new   knowledge. A free software community is a type of community of practice   arranged around a specific free software. The knowledge shared in free   software communities is complex and the knowledge sharing processes have   scarcely been studied in this environment. This investigation aims to   identify the profiles of knowledge sharing processes in free software   communities i.e., whether members of free software communities collect   more, donate more or collect and donate equally. To accomplish this   objective, a survey method was adopted, with 260 respondents belonging   to free software communities. Cluster analysis was used to interpret the   data. Four clusters, corresponding to the sharing profiles of the   respondents, were identified: Sporadic Sharer (low donation and low   collection); Collector (low donation and high collection); Donator (high   donation and low collection); and Constant Sharer (high donation and   high collection). The k-means algorithm showed four well-defined   clusters. Interestingly, with the exception of the Sporadic Sharer, all   the clusters presented high values of both collection and donation,   including the Donators (that emphasize donation) and Collectors (that   emphasize collection). These results confirm the view of free software   communities as communities of practice that are organized to share   knowledge, and highlight the importance of knowledge sharing and   collaboration in the free software development cycle. Furthermore, the   results show that the Constant Sharer (that both collects and donates   intensely) is the profile that donates and collects more, even more than   Donators and Collectors, indicating that this profile is key to the   correct functioning of the community.",NA
1537,InProceedings,Localized Open Source Software Projects Exploring Realism and Motivation,"To address a gap between traditional software engineering projects and   professional software products and practices, we established an   organization for student collaboration with local software professionals   on open source projects. We explored how experiences with this local   organization compared to different domains and approaches to improving   software engineering project realism. Software engineering students   worked in small teams on different types of projects that also included:   internal products for a company in industry, humanitarian open source   software, and entrepreneurial projects. We identified both strengths and   weaknesses of each project type's realism. In addition, we explored   students' motivations and discovered trends among underrepresented   minorities' preferences.",NA
1538,InProceedings,Longitudinal Analysis of Modularity and Modifications of OSS,"The open source software systems are always evolving with the additions   of new features, bug fixes and collaboration of many developers often   around the world. The modularity of the system metrics help to better   understand the characteristics of the system and guarantee the quality   of software. In this article, we will compare the evolution of some   software metrics, in particular complexity and coupling, with the   evolution of the number of bug fixes, additions and features   contributions from developers over software versions. Showing that the   bug fixes, adding features and contribution of developers exerts a   strong influence on the increase of the metrics.",10.1007/978-3-319-42092-9\\_28
1539,InProceedings,MAESTROS: Multi-Agent Simulation of Rework in Open Source Software,"Rework Management in software development is a challenging and complex   issue. Defined as the effort spent to re-do some work, rework implies   big costs given the fact that the time spent on rework does not count to   the improvement of the project. Predicting and controlling rework causes   is a valuable asset for companies, which maintain closed policies on   choosing team members and assigning activities to developers. However, a   trending growth in development consists in Open Source Software (OSS)   projects. This is a totally new and diverse environment, in the sense   that not only the projects but also their resources, e.g., developers   change dynamically. There is no guarantee that developers will follow   the same methodologies and quality policies as in a traditional and   closed project. In such world, identifying rework causes is a necessary   step to reduce project costs and to help project managers to better   define their strategies. We observed that in real OSS projects there are   no fixed team, but instead, developers assume some kind of auction in   which the activities are assigned to the most interested and less-cost   developer. This lead us to think that a more complex auctioning   mechanism should not only model the task allocation problem, but also   consider some other factors related to rework causes. By doing this, we   could optimise the task allocation, improving the development of the   project and reducing rework. In this paper we presented MAESTROS, a   Multi-Agent System that implements an auction mechanism for simulating   task allocation in OSS. Experiments were conducted to measure costs and   rework with different project characteristics. We analysed the impact of   introducing a Q-learning reinforcement algorithm on reducing costs and   rework. Our findings correspond to a reduction of 31\\% in costs and 11\\%   in rework when compared with the simple approach. Improvements to   MAESTROS include real projects data analysis and a real-time mechanism   to support Project Management decisions.",10.1007/978-3-319-25017-5\\_6
1540,InProceedings,"MP3DG-PCC, Open Source Software Framework for Implementation and Evaluation of Point Cloud Compression","We present MP3DG-PCC, an open source framework for design, implementation and evaluation of point cloud compression algorithms. The framework includes objective quality metrics, lossy and lossless anchor codecs, and a test bench for consistent comparative evaluation. The framework and proposed methodology is in use for the development of an international point cloud compression standard in MPEG. In addition, the library is integrated with the popular point cloud library, making a large number of point cloud processing available and aligning the work with the broader open source community.",10.1145/2964284.2973806
1541,InProceedings,Maintenance Effort Estimation for Open Source Software: A Systematic   Literature Review,"Open Source Software (OSS) is distributed and maintained collaboratively   by developers all over the world. However, frequent personnel turnover   and lack of organizational management makes it difficult to capture the   actual development effort. Various OSS maintenance effort estimation   approaches have been developed to provide a way to understand and   estimate development effort. The goal of this study is to identify the   current state of art of the existing maintenance effort estimation   approaches for OSS. We performed a systematic literature review on the   relevant studies published in the period between 2000-2015 by both   automatic and manual searches from different sources. We derived a set   of keywords from the research questions and established selection   criteria to carefully choose the papers to evaluate. 29 out of 3,312   papers were selected based on a well designed selection process. Our   results show that the commonly used OSS maintenance effort estimation   methods are actual effort estimation and maintenance activity time   prediction; the most commonly used metrics and factors for actual effort   estimation are source code measurements and people related metrics; the   most commonly mentioned activity for maintenance activity time   prediction is bug fixing. Accuracy measures and cross validation is used   for validating the estimation models. Based on the above findings, we   identified the issues in evaluation methods for actual maintenance   effort estimations and the needs for quantitative OSS maintenance effort   inference from size-related metrics. Meanwhile, we highlighted   individual contribution and performance measurement as a novel and   promising research area.",10.1109/ICSME.2016.87
1542,Article,ManPy: an open-source software tool for building discrete event   simulation models of manufacturing systems,"In this paper, we present a new open-source (OS) software library for   building discrete event simulation objects with focus on manufacturing   environments. ManPy stands for Manufacturing in Python' but employs a   generic approach that can be extended to other types of business   processes such as services, logistics and supply chain management. It is   written in Python and makes use of the SimPy library to implement a   process interaction world view. The goal in developing ManPy is to   provide an expandable OS layer of well-defined manufacturing objects,   which can be used by users with multiple levels of expertise in discrete   event simulation, namely, a super user and an industrial engineer. This   object repository follows a structured architecture, allowing developers   to extend it, exchange ideas and methodologies, with the goal of forming   an OS community. We explain how ManPy is developed on SimPy, present its   architecture and give examples of its utilization. We also give insight   of how this work is planned to progress in order to attract software   developers, modellers and practitioners in an OS community. Copyright   (c) 2015 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/spe.2347
1543,InProceedings,Metrics visualization technique based on the origins and function layers   for OSS-based development,"Software developments involving multiple organizations such as OSS (Open   Source Software)-based projects tend to have numerous defects when one   organization develops and another organization edits the program source   code files. Developments with complex file creation, modification   history (origin), and software architecture (functional layer) are   increasing in OSS-based development. As an example, here we focus on an   Android smart phone development project and propose new visualization   techniques for product metrics based on the file origin and functional   layers. One is the Metrics Area Figure, which can express duplication of   edits by multiple organizations intuitively using overlapping figures.   The other is Origin City, which was inspired by Code City. It can   represent the scale and other measurements, while simultaneously   stacking functional layers as 3D buildings.",10.1109/VISSOFT.2016.12
1544,Article,Negotiating open source software adoption in the UK public sector,"Drawing on two case studies in the UK public sector our qualitative   study explains how and why open source software has seen such a mixed   response. Our narratives indicate that for both cases there was strong   goodwill towards open source yet the trajectories of implementation   differed widely. Drawing upon ideas of change(ing), mutability and   materiality we unpack the process of adoption. The study shows that open   source software has certain facets; code, community, coordination   mechanisms, license and documentation. Each facet is not stable; indeed,   it is changing and mutable. This creates possibilities, potential but   also recalcitrance, and barriers. The interesting point of departure of   our study is how open source software a much touted transparent and open   phenomenon is by its nuanced and layered mutability able to make the   process and practices surrounding it less visible. It concludes with   clear policy recommendations developing from this research that could   help to make open source adoption more sustainable in the public sector.   (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.giq.2015.11.001
1546,Article,"Neurophysiological analytics for all! Free open-source software tools   for documenting, analyzing, visualizing, and sharing using electronic   notebooks","Neurophysiology requires an extensive workflow of information analysis   routines, which often includes incompatible proprietary software,   introducing limitations based on financial costs, transfer of data   between platforms, and the ability to share. An ecosystem of free   open-source software exists to fill these gaps, including thousands of   analysis and plotting packages written in Python and R, which can be   implemented in a sharable and reproducible format, such as the Jupyter   electronic notebook. This tool chain can largely replace current   routines by importing data, producing analyses, and generating   publication-quality graphics. An electronic notebook like Jupyter allows   these analyses, along with documentation of procedures, to display   locally or remotely in an internet browser, which can be saved as an   HTML, PDF, or other file format for sharing with team members and the   scientific community. The present report illustrates these methods using   data from electrophysiological recordings of the musk shrew vagus-a   model system to investigate gut-brain communication, for example, in   cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis. We show methods for spike sorting   (including statistical validation), spike train analysis, and analysis   of compound action potentials in notebooks. Raw data and code are   available from notebooks in data supplements or from an executable   online version, which replicates all analyses without installing   software-an implementation of reproducible research. This demonstrates   the promise of combining disparate analyses into one platform, along   with the ease of sharing this work. In an age of diverse,   high-throughput computational workflows, this methodology can increase   efficiency, transparency, and the collaborative potential of   neurophysiological research.",10.1152/jn.00137.2016
1547,Article,"Nicolai {J}. {Foss} and {Tina} {Saebi}, eds.: {Business} {Model} {Innovation}: {The} {Organizational} {Dimension}","Foss, Nicolai J.; Saebi, Tina , eds.: Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 308 pp. \\$99.00, cloth.",10.1177/0001839216629108
1549,Article,OPAL: An open-source software tool for integrating biodiversity and   ecosystem services into impact assessment and mitigation decisions,"Governments and financial institutions increasingly require that   environmental impact assessment and mitigation account for consequences   to both biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we present a new   software tool, OPAL (Offset Portfolio Analyzer and Locator), which maps   and quantifies the impacts of development on habitat and ecosystem   services, and facilitates the selection of mitigation activities to   offset losses. We demonstrate its application with an oil and gas   extraction facility in Colombia. OPAL is the first tool to provide   direct consideration of the distribution of ecosystem service benefits   among people in a mitigation context. Previous biodiversity-focused   efforts led to redistribution or loss of ecosystem services with   environmental justice implications. Joint consideration of biodiversity   and ecosystem services enables targeting of offsets to benefit both   nature and society. OPAL reduces the time and technical expertise   required for these analyses and has the flexibility to be used across a   range of geographic and policy contexts. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.008
1550,InProceedings,OSSAP - A Situational Method for Defining Open Source Software Adoption   Processes,"Organizations are increasingly becoming Open Source Software (OSS)   adopters, either as a result of a strategic decision or just as a   consequence of technological choices. The strategy followed to adopt OSS   shapes organizations' businesses; therefore methods to assess such   impact are needed. In this paper, we propose OSSAP, a method for   defining OSS Adoption business Processes, built using a Situational   Method Engineering (SME) approach. We use SME to combine two well-known   modelling methods, namely goal-oriented models (using i{*}) and business   process models (using BPMN), with a pre-existing catalogue of   goal-oriented OSS adoption strategy models. First, we define a   repository of reusable method chunks, including the guidelines to apply   them. Then, we define OSSAP as a composition of those method chunks to   help organizations to improve their business processes in order to   integrate the best fitting OSS adoption strategy. We illustrate it with   an example of application in a telecommunications company.",10.1007/978-3-319-39696-5\\_32
1551,InProceedings,OSSRec: An Open Source Software Recommendation System Based on Wisdom of   Crowds,"The massive amounts of OSS provide abundant resources for software   reuse, while introducing great challenges for finding the desired ones.   In this paper, we propose OSSRec, an Open Source Software Recommendation   System, which leverages the wisdom of crowds in both collaborative   development communities and knowledge sharing communities to do   recommendation. OSSRec can recommend proper candidates with high   precision, whose results are much better than existing OSS communities.   In this demonstration, we present the architecture and the   recommendation process of OSSRec.",NA
1552,InProceedings,On the Prevalence of Function Side Effects in General Purpose Open   Source Software Systems,"A study that examines the prevalence and distribution of function side   effects in general-purpose software systems is presented. The study is   conducted on 19 open source systems comprising over 9.8 Million lines of   code (MLOC). Each system is analyzed and the number of function side   effects is determined. The results show that global variables   modification and parameters by reference are the most prevalent side   effect types. Thus, conducting accurate program analysis for many   adaptive changes processes (e.g., automatic parallelization to improve   their parallelizability to better utilize multi-core architectures)   becomes very costly or impractical to conduct. Analysis of the   historical data over a 7-year period for 10 systems how that there is a   relatively large percentage of affected functions over the lifetime of   the systems. The trend is flat in general, therefore posing further   problems for inter-procedural analysis.",10.1007/978-3-319-40171-3\\_11
1553,InProceedings,On the Prevalence of Function Side Effects in General Purpose Open   Source Software Systems,"A study that examines the prevalence and distribution of function side   effects in general-purpose software systems is presented. The study is   conducted on 19 open source systems comprising over 9.8 Million lines of   code (MLOC). Each system is analyzed and the number of function side   effects is determined. The results show that global variables   modification and parameters by reference are the most prevalent side   effect types. Thus, conducting accurate program analysis for many   adaptive changes processes (e.g., automatic parallelization to improve   their parallelizability to better utilize multi-core architectures)   becomes very costly or impractical to conduct. Analysis of the   historical data over a seven-year period for 10 systems show that there   is a relatively large percentage of affected functions over the lifetime   of the systems. The trend is flat in general, therefore posing further   problems for inter-procedural analysis.",NA
1554,InProceedings,On the Prevalence of Function Side Effects in General Purpose Open   Source Software Systems,"A study that examines the prevalence and distribution of function side   effects in general-purpose software systems is presented. The study is   conducted on 19 open source systems comprising over 9.8 Million lines of   code (MLOC). Each system is analyzed and the number of function side   effects is determined. The results show that global variables   modification and parameters by reference are the most prevalent side   effect types. Thus, conducting accurate program analysis or many   adaptive changes processes (e.g., automatic parallelization to improve   their parallelizability to better utilize multi-core architectures)   becomes very costly or impractical to conduct. Analysis of the   historical data over a 7-year period for 10 systems shows that there is   a relatively large percentage of affected functions over the lifetime of   the systems although trend is flat in general, thus posing further   problems for inter-procedural analysis.",10.1007/978-3-319-33903-0\\_9
1555,InProceedings,Open Source Resume (OSR): A Visualization Tool for Presenting OSS   Biographies of Developers,"In order to recruit appropriate developers for software projects, it is   important to have a clarified understanding on the practical experience   and expertise of each candidate. However, traditional resume only shows   experiences claimed by developers, and very few evidence or information   regarding their actual development activities can be obtained. In this   paper, we propose an approach to extract developers' practical   activities from their participated open source software (OSS) projects,   and generate the biographies that reflect their OSS contributions. We   applied the approach on the largest code hosting service, GitHub. By   investigating the resumes generated from the extracted dataset,   recruiters of software projects can be given a clearer view on whether   the developers' experiences fulfill the qualifications. Moreover, based   on the approach, we present a web-based visualization tool, named as   Open Source Resume (OSR). We believe our tool is useful to help   recruiters from software development organizations to search for   suitable developers, and then construct development teams in software   projects based on their OSS contributions.",10.1109/IWESEP.2016.17
1556,InProceedings,Open Source Software Reliability Growth Models for Distributed Environment Based on Component-Specific Testing-Efforts,"Because of availability, redistributable, affordability, modifiability, of source code, free and no restriction in choice, open source is a favorite platform for lot of software industries and peoples, who consider using the power of extremely reliable and superior quality software. Numeouus SRGMs have been proposed to estimate the reliability of the software of OSSs; however, no one has proven to perform very well considering diverse project characteristics. In the models for OSSs, the error deletion experience for the reused and the newly developed components based on component-specific testing-effort is demonstrated. It is considered that there are several different types of faults for newly developed component and single type of faults for reused components for obtaining the unambiguous expressions for the mean number of individual types of errors. For OSSs system components testing-efforts have to be modeled separately for each and every component in the system. The total effort of the system is then calculated from the summation of component-specific testing-effort functions. We have employed MATLAB as implementation framework for performing all the estimations. Our approach partitions the testing effort with growth curves of varying nature among different components of the same OSS. To validate our analytical results, numerical illustrations have also been provided.",10.1145/2905055.2905283
1557,Article,Open Source Software in a Commercial Software Environment,NA,10.14358/PERS.82.11.842
1558,Article,OpenMS: a flexible open-source software platform for mass spectrometry   data analysis,"High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important tool in   the life sciences, contributing to the diagnosis and understanding of   human diseases, elucidating biomolecular structural information and   characterizing cellular signaling networks. However, the rapid growth in   the volume and complexity of MS data makes transparent, accurate and   reproducible analysis difficult. We present OpenMS 2.0   (http://www.openms.de), a robust, open-source, cross platform software   specifically designed for the flexible and reproducible analysis of   high-throughput MS data. The extensible OpenMS software implements   common mass spectrometric data processing tasks through a well-defined   application programming interface in C++ and Python and through   standardized open data formats. OpenMS additionally provides a set of   185 tools and ready-made workflows for common mass spectrometric data   processing tasks, which enable users to perform complex quantitative   mass spectrometric analyses with ease.",10.1038/NMETH.3959
1559,InProceedings,OpenVolcano: An Open-Source Software Platform for Fog Computing,"In order to overcome the cloud service performance limits, the INPUT   Project aims to go beyond the typical IaaS-based service models by   moving computing and storage capabilities from the datacenters to the   edge network, and consequently moving cloud services closer to the end   users. This approach, which is compatible with the concept of fog   computing, will exploit Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and   Software Defined Networking (SDN) to support personal cloud services in   a more scalable and sustainable way and with innovative added-value   capabilities. This paper presents OpenVolcano, the open-source software   platform under development in the INPUT Project, which will realize the   fog computing paradigm by exploiting in-network programmability   capabilities for off-loading, virtualization and monitoring.",NA
1560,Article,Opening Up Intellectual Property Strategy: Implications for Open Source   Software Entry by Start-up Firms,"We examine whether a firm's intellectual property (IP) strategy in   support of the open source software (OSS) community stimulates new OSS   product entry by start-up software firms. In particular, we analyze the   impact of strategic decisions taken by IBM around the mid-2000s, such as   its announcement that it will not assert its patents against the OSS   community and its creation of a patent commons. These decisions formed a   coherent IP strategy in support of OSS. We find that IBM's actions   stimulated new OSS product introductions by entrepreneurial firms and   that their impact is increasing in the cumulativeness of innovation in   the market and the extent to which patent ownership in the market is   concentrated.",10.1287/mnsc.2015.2247
1562,InProceedings,Out of Altruism or Because it Reads Well on the CV? The Motivations for Participation in the Freifunk Community Compared to FLOSS,"Motivation of free, libre and open source software developers has been widely studied over the years. The reasons people engage in this seemingly altruistic behavior have been elaborated and classified. The present work addresses a slightly different issue: what motivates individuals to participate in community network projects? Are the reasons similar to or quite distinct from these relevant to contributors to free software? Based on recently conducted interviews with community network activists from the Germany based project Freifunk and established FLOSS motivation research, we will analyse the specifics of the Freifunk project and the factors which spur its members to action. The obtained insights could then hopefully be used to understand the underlying group processes and help build sustainable communities.",10.1145/2957792.2957809
1566,Article,PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ash residue from combustion of moxa floss,"Background Moxibustion, a Traditional Chinese Medicine technique,   involves burning moxa floss to apply heat to certain points or areas of   the body surface to treat disease. Moxibustion releases a considerable   amount of smoke into the environment. There remains controversy over the   safety of moxa smoke and its potential effects on human health.   Methods We measured the PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic   diameter <2.5m) mass concentration in moxa smoke and the oxidative   capacity of PM2.5 and moxa ash (using a plasmid scission assay in whole   and water-soluble fractions) in the by-products of moxibustion produced   from burning moxa floss of different ratios (3:1 or 15:1) and duration   of storage (3 or 10years) in three simulated moxibustion clinics.   Results PM2.5 mass concentration was 224.28, 226.39 and 210.56g/m(3) for   samples A (3years and 3:1 ratio), B (3years and 15:1 ratio), and C   (10years and 3:1 ratio), respectively. Average D-500 oxidative damage of   PM2.5 was 29.42\\%, 29.16\\% and 27.01\\% and that of moxa ash was 22.78\\%,   20.60\\% and 21.42\\% for samples A, B and C, respectively. PM2.5   demonstrated a significantly greater oxidative capacity than moxa ash   (p<0.05).   Conclusions The oxidative DNA damage induced by individual PM2.5   following moxibustion was lower than that reported in other   environments. However, PM2.5 mass concentration after moxibustion is   still relatively high. We would recommend ensuring adequate ventilation   during moxibustion to reduce any possible risks. Further studies are   needed to better define the potential impact of particles in moxibustion   by-products on human health.",10.1136/acupmed-2015-010914
1567,InProceedings,POMES: An Open-Source Software Tool to Generate Porous/Roughness on   Surfaces,"The long-term success of implants depends on rapid healing and safe   integration with body. In the case of orthopaedic and dental implants it   was found that geometry and surface topography are crucial for short and   long-term success of the implant, due to its effects in   osseointegration. Properties of implant surfaces have been studied in   the last decade in a concentrated effort to improve osseointegration   process and implant success. Several researchers have proved that   roughness of implant surface is related to healing time and integration   between the implants and the bone, but the parameters on the surface   creation are not fully controllable with current processes. In this   work, computational algorithms are proposed for implant surface design   in order to control the parameters required for this application. As a   result it is presented an open-source software tool, called POMES -   Porous and Modifications for Engineering Surfaces - , to design   porous/roughness on top of surfaces in any geometry. Additionally, an   example model was fabricated using POMES and additive manufacturing. (C)   2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.085
1568,Article,Perceived usability and courses features in education program evaluation   free software supported by data multivariate analysis,"The article aimed to evaluate vocational courses Education Program in   Free Software (PESL) from a multivariate analysis of data. This research   is a quantitative analysis of the Free Software Lab was conducted by   instructors, which was held at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, on   the campus of the Escola Paulista de Politica, Economia e Negocios.   Thus, where analyzed 69 questionnaires to participating students in   order to analyze the feasibility and outcome of PESL, and trace the   profile of those interested in the topic, and check the level of   understanding, the same in relation to Free Software. This research was   applied the technique of descriptive statistics and multivariate data   analysis (first phase with exploratory factor analysis and the second   with estimating structural equation model). As a result, it can be   concluded it is a social digitally academic program, it brings elements   that encourage and contribute to the professional development.",10.20397/2177-6652/2016.v16i3.958
1569,Article,Post-processing open-source software for the CBCT monitoring of   periapical lesions healing following endodontic treatment: technical   report of two cases,"Objectives: To describe the use of open-source software for the   post-processing of CBCT imaging for the assessment of periapical lesions   development after endodontic treatment.   Methods: CBCT scans were retrieved from endodontic records of two   patients. Threedimensional virtual models, voxel counting, volumetric   measurement (mm(3)) and mean intensity of the periapical lesion were   performed with ITK-SNAP v. 3.0 software. Threedimensional models of the   lesions were aligned and overlapped through the MeshLab software, which   performed an automatic recording of the anatomical structures, based on   the best fit. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the changes in   lesions size after treatment were performed with the 3DMeshMetric   software.   Results: The ITK-SNAP v. 3.0 showed the smaller value corresponding to   the voxel count and the volume of the lesion segmented in yellow,   indicating reduction in volume of the lesion after the treatment. A   higher value of the mean intensity of the segmented image in yellow was   also observed, which suggested new bone formation. Colour mapping and   ``point value{''} tool allowed the visualization of the reduction of   periapical lesions in several regions.   Conclusions: Researchers and clinicians in the monitoring of endodontic   periapical lesions have the opportunity to use open-source software.",10.1259/dmfr.20160293
1570,Article,Posterior Foss Tumors on Adult Patients,"In adults, the most common expansile ``mass{''} lesion in the posterior   fossa is a subacute stroke, whereas the most common neoplastic lesion in   the posterior fossa is cerebellar metastasis (intra-axial) or vestibular   schwannoma (extra-axial). Those diseases fall outside the scope of this   article, which focuses on primary intra-axial tumors of the posterior   fossa in adults. This category of tumors is uncommon and more frequently   encountered in children. This article reviews tumors of the cerebellum,   brainstem, and fourth ventricle that are seen in adult patients,   following categories from the 2007 World Health Organization   classification of central nervous system tumors.",10.1016/j.nic.2016.06.003
1571,InProceedings,Predicting Maintainability of Open Source Software using Gene Expression   Programming and Bad Smells,"Software maintenance phase of Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is   the most expensive and complex phase that requires nearly 60-70\\% of the   total project cost. Due to this, many software fails to get repair   within real time constraint. Ascribe to technology advancements and   changing requirements, software must be well developed and maintained to   get adapted. Hence, it is necessary to predict software maintainability   in the early phases of the lifecycle so that optimization of resources   can be possible and cost can be reduced. Software Maintainability is the   quality attribute of software product that explains the ease with which   modifications can be performed. The main focus in this study is to   propose the use of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for the software   maintainability prediction and measure its performance with various   machine leaning techniques such as Decision Tree Forest, Support Vector   Machine, Linear regression, Multilayer Perceptron and Radial basis   function neural network. The empirical study is conducted with the help   of four open source datasets. Eleven bad smells are identified and is   considered as maintenance effort. Results of this study show that GEP   algorithm performs better than machine learning classifiers; hence it   can be used as sound alternative in the prediction of software   maintainability. This study would be helpful in achieving better   resource allocation hence it will be useful for developers and   maintainers.",NA
1572,Article,Problem-formulation and problem-solving in self-organized communities:   How modes of communication shape project behaviors in the free   open-source software community,"Research summary: Building on the problem-solving perspective, we study   behaviors related to projects and the communication-based antecedents of   such behaviors in the free open-source software (FOSS) community. We   examine two kinds of problem/project-behaviors: Individuals can set up   projects around the formulation of new problems or join existing   projects and define and/or work on subproblems within an existing   problem. The choice between these two behaviors is influenced by the   mode of communication. A communication mode with little a priori   structure is the best mode for communicating about new problems (i.e.,   formulating a problem); empirically, it is associated with project   launching behaviors. In contrast, more structured communication fits   subproblems better and is related to project joining behaviors. Our   hypotheses derive support from data from the FOSS community.Managerial   summary: We study how the way in which individuals communicate influence   the project-behaviors they engage in. We find that relatively   unstructured communication is associated with the setting up new   projects, while communication that is structured around an artifact is   associated with joining projects. Our findings hold implications for   understanding how management may influence project behaviors and   problem-solving: Firms that need to concentrate on more incremental   problem-solving efforts (e.g., because a sufficient number of attractive   problems have already been defined) should create environments in which   interaction is undertaken mainly via artifacts. On the other hand, if   firms seek to generate new problems (e.g., new strategic opportunities),   they should create environments in which open-ended, verbal conversation   is relatively more important than artifact-based communication.   Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/smj.2439
1575,InProceedings,"Real-time Traffic-based Routing, based on Open Data and Open-Source   Software","The emergence of cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) have   given rise to a wealth of new opportunities for integrating   heterogeneous systems and collecting massive data sets, whose analysis   may lead to new information, insight, and knowledge. Building a scalable   architecture for urban IoT environments is a complex task, primarily   because of the massive amounts of data generated by sensor devices, and   the variety of data sources. And yet it is a compelling application   area, given the number of potential municipal services that can be   improved using these technologies. In this paper, we describe our study   of how cloud-computing and big-data management technologies can assist   decision making for transportation systems in smart cities. More   specifically, this paper presents and discusses a proof-of-concept   prototype, based on open-source technologies and publicly available data   for the city of Edmonton.",NA
1576,InProceedings,Remedying Knowledge Loss in Free/Libre Open Source Software,"This paper presents the problem of knowledge loss in Free/ Libre Open   Source Software (FLOSS) projects to be explored empirically. Knowledge   loss occurs in FLOSS as contributors, mainly volunteers, leave FLOSS   projects, and is a topic that has not been extensively explored. What   type of knowledge is lost and how knowledge loss impacts the   productivity of the FLOSS contributors that remain in a project is not   known. Further, little is known about the barriers associated with the   re-acquirement of lost knowledge types. There are many open questions,   such as what are best practices and guidelines to retain knowledge lost   by type while considering the relevant barriers. The main contribution   of my research will be to provide an understanding of what type of   knowledge is lost and its impact on the productivity of the contributor.   Best practices and guidelines will also be contributed to retain   knowledge lost by type and will be evaluated in FLOSS communities for   their effectiveness.",10.1145/2915970.2915976
1578,Article,Reputation in an open source software community: Antecedents and impacts,"A developer's reputation in the OSS community is determined by all the   evaluations received from his or her peers. While a large body of   studies focuses on the importance of developers' reputations in their   participation motivations, there is still lack of understanding for two   issues. First, which factors can lead to a high developer's reputation?   Second, how does the overall reputation of the developers' in a project   impact project success? In this study, we develop a theoretical model   and conduct an empirical analysis in a large online open source   community. The results show that a developer's reputation level is   determined by his or her 1) coding quality, 2) the deviation of the   commitment behavior, 3) community experience, and 4) collaboration   experience. In addition, we find that the group with an overall higher   level of reputation would achieve a better performance, while the   individual reputation level deviation within the group would impair its   technical success. The implications of our findings and the future   research directions are then discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dss.2016.08.004
1582,InProceedings,SELF-LEARNING OF ECONOMETRIC WITH FREE SOFTWARE,"Traditionally, Spanish university teaching has been characterized by a   strong theoretical charge with small emphasis on practical application.   The implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) tried to   change this trend focusing on the attention of the figure of the   student, limiting the figure of the teacher as ``a shepherd who leads   his flock.{''} Within this scenario, this paper presents a website   offering to students, and university community in general, the chance to   enter into the analysis of an econometric model in an independent way.   The produced material is basically made up of videos together with   appropriate explanatory comments that show how to estimate and validate   a general linear model by using specialized econometric software. The   election of the econometric packages Gretl and R is not arbitrary but   responds to the need to provide to students reliable tools that may be   freely used in their professional future without being subject to   licensing fees. The main goal is to focus on the learning process in the   students providing them more than only pages filled with formulas (often   incomprehensible to the student). We consider that this contribution   leads to a learning methodology based on the student, combining   education, research and innovation while improving the employability of   our students, being some of the main priorities of the EHEA.",NA
1583,InProceedings,STUDY OF PARTIAL CAVITATION ON A PLANE-CONVEX HYDROFOIL WITH MESH   DEVELOPMENT BY USING GMSH FREE SOFTWARE,"Commercial programs are widely used to do unstructured and structured   meshes for CFD simulations. However, grids and meshes based on free-open   source software (FOSS) give to researchers and engineers the possibility   to adapt and improve the meshing process for special study cases with a   high Reynolds numbers, such as unsteady partial cavitating flows. In   order to improve the grid qualities, the FOSS GMSH has been used to do   three types of grid, unstructured hexahedral mesh, hybrid mesh and   structured hexahedral mesh for the simulation of partial cavitation   around a plane-convex hydrofoil. Numerical simulations have been carried   out by using the FOSS OpenFOAM based on the Zwart cavitation model and   the implicit large eddy simulation (ILES). The results show that the   structured mesh provides the best simulating to experimental data. On   the other hand, the hybrid mesh induces unreliable results at leading   edge without shedding.",NA
1584,Article,"Self-reported Use of Dental Floss over 13 Years: Relationship with   Family Income, Mother's Age and Educational Level","Purpose: To determine whether family income, age and educational level   of the mother of the family are associated with self-reported use of   dental floss over a 13-year period in a city in southern Brazil.   Materials and Methods: A comparison of two household surveys was carried   out where mothers of the family were interviewed using a structured   questionnaire in order to obtain demographic, behavioural and   socioeconomic information. In total, 852 and 984 households were   included in 1996 and 2009, respectively. Self-reported use of dental   floss was assessed dichotomously (yes/no). Poisson regression models   were fitted to study the association between sociodemographic variables   with the use of dental floss. Proportion ratios (PR) and 95\\% confidence   intervals (95\\% CI) were reported.   Results: The proportion of dental floss use increased from 48\\% to 59\\%   over 13 years. The probability of dental floss use increased 1.23 times   from 1996 to 2009 (PR = 1.23; 95\\% CI 1.13-1.34). Households with   mothers >= 50 years old presented a 28\\% lower probability of using   dental floss than households with mothers <= 35 years old. In households   with higher family income and higher educational level of the mother,   probabilities of flossing were 90\\% and 97\\% higher.   Conclusion: Family income, age and educational level of the mother of   the family are associated with self-reported use of dental floss over 13   years.",10.3290/j.ohpd.a34375
1585,Article,Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Straumann® BoneCeramic™ and Bio-Oss® in a   Split Mouth Design and Later Placement of Implants: A 5-Year Report from   a Longitudinal Study,"Background: Straumann (R) BoneCeramic (TM) is a synthetic biphasic   calcium phosphate (BCP) aimed for sinus floor augmentation. Long-term   follow-up of implants placed in BCP after sinus augmentation is still   missing.   Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to compare survival rates and   marginal bone loss of Straumann SLActive implants placed in either BCP   (test) or Bio-Oss (R) (DBB) (control) after sinus floor augmentation.   The secondary aim was to calculate graft sinus height at different time   points.   Materials and Methods: Bilateral sinus floor augmentation was performed   in a split mouth model. Eleven patients (mean age 67 years) received   100\\% BCP on one side and 100\\% DBB on the contralateral side. After 8   months of graft healing, 62 Straumann SLActive implants were placed.   After 5 years of functional loading (6 years after augmentation) of   implants, marginal bone levels and grafted sinus height were measured,   and implant survival and success rates were calculated.   Results: After 5 years of loading, all prosthetic constructions were in   function although two implants were lost in each grafting material. The   overall implant survival rate was 93.5\\% (91.7\\% for BCP, 91.3\\% for   DBB, and 100\\% for residual bone). The success rates were 83.3\\% and   91.3\\% for BCP and DBB, respectively. There was no statistically   significant difference in mean marginal bone level after 5 years between   BCP (1.4 +/- 1.2 mm) and DBB (1.0 +/- 0.7 mm). Graft height reduction   (GHR) after 6 years was limited to 6.6\\% for BCP and 5.8\\% for DBB.   Conclusion: In this limited RCT study, the choice of biomaterial used   for sinus floor augmentation did not seem to have any impact on survival   rates and marginal bone level of the placed implants after 5 years of   functional loading and GHR was minimal.",10.1111/cid.12374
1586,InProceedings,Social Diversity and Growth Levels of Open Source Software Projects on   GitHub,"Background: Projects of all sizes and impact are leveraging the services   of the social coding platform GitHub to collaborate. Since users'   information and actions are recorded, GitHub has been mined for over 6   years now to investigate aspects of the collaborative open source   software (OSS) development paradigm. Aim: In this research, we use this   data to investigate the relation between project growth as a proxy for   success, and social diversity. Method: We first categorize active OSS   projects into a five-star rating using a benchmarking system we based on   various project growth metrics; then we study the relation between this   rating and the reported social diversities for the team members of those   projects. Results: Our findings highlight a statistically significant   relation; however, the effect is small. Conclusions: Our findings   suggest the need for further research on this topic; moreover, the   proposed benchmarking method may be used in future work to determine OSS   project success on collaboration platforms such as GitHub.",10.1145/2961111.2962633
1588,Article,Social innovation with open source software: User engagement and   development challenges in India,"A diverse range of innovative solutions based on Free-and-Open-Source   Software (FOSS) have been developed for marginalized communities in   developing countries. It has been suggested that such small-scale and   home-grown solutions (e.g. mobile phone apps), usually championed by   social enterprises (SEs), are more likely to introduce pro-poor change   than infrastructure heavy ICT initiatives designed by state and other   international actors. In the Indian context, FOSS-based social   innovations (SIs) introduced by SEs are helping poor communities tackle   previously thought-to-be unresolvable socio-economic problems. An   interesting question, therefore, would be: in what ways is the SE model   and approach uniquely equipped to develop FOSS-based SIs that deliver   pro-poor change? The empirical component of the research attempts to   shed light on this question by uncovering the nuts and bolts of the   development methodology deployed by an SE during the coding and launch   of an FOSS-based SI. Findings highlight the significant role of the   founder's social vision; the challenges of accurately capturing and   translating to software developers the nature and nuance of social   problems; and, the incumbent issues in putting together a methodology   that creates active user engagement throughout the software development   process, overcoming difficult barriers such as language and culture. (C)   2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.technovation.2016.01.004
1589,Article,Social innovation with open source software: {User} engagement and development challenges in {India},"A diverse range of innovative solutions based on Free-and-Open-Source Software (FOSS) have been developed for marginalized communities in developing countries. It has been suggested that such small-scale and home-grown solutions (e.g. mobile phone apps), usually championed by social enterprises (SEs), are more likely to introduce pro-poor change than infrastructure heavy ICr initiatives designed by state and other international actors. In the Indian context, FOSS-based social innovations (Sis) introduced by SEs are helping poor communities tackle previously thought-to-be unresolvable socio-economic problems. An interesting question, therefore, would be: in what ways is the SE model and approach uniquely equipped to develop FOSS-based Sis that deliver pro-poor change? The empirical component of the research attempts to shed light on this question by uncovering the nuts and bolts of the development methodology deployed by an SE during the coding and launch of an FOSS-based SI. Findings highlight the significant role of the founder's social vision; the challenges of accurately capturing and translating to software developers the nature and nuance of social problems; and, the incumbent issues in putting together a methodology that creates active user engagement throughout the software development process, overcoming difficult barriers such as language and culture.",NA
1590,Article,Stigmergic coordination in FLOSS development teams: Integrating explicit   and implicit mechanisms,"The vast majority of literature on coordination in team-based projects   has drawn on a conceptual separation between explicit (e.g. plans,   feedback) and implicit coordination mechanisms (e.g. mental maps, shared   knowledge). This analytic distinction presents some limitations in   explaining how coordination is reached in organizations characterized by   distributed teams, scarce face to face meetings and fuzzy and changing   lines of authority, as in free/libre open source software (FLOSS)   development.   Analyzing empirical illustrations from two FLOSS projects, we highlight   the existence of a peculiar model, stigmergic coordination, which   includes aspects of both implicit and explicit mechanisms. The work   product itself (implicit) and the characteristics under which it is   shared (explicit) play an under-appreciated role in helping software   developers manage dependencies as they arise. We develop this argument   beyond the existing literature by working with an existing coordination   framework, considering the role that the codebase itself might play at   each step. We also discuss the features and the practices to support   stigmergic coordination in distributed teams, as well as recommendations   for future research. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.   This is an open access article under the CC BY license   (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",10.1016/j.cogsys.2015.12.003
1591,Article,Successful treatment of generalized refractory chronic periodontitis   through discontinuation of waxed or coated dental floss use A report of   4 cases,"Background and Overview. Generalized refractory chronic periodontitis is   a periodontal condition that is resistant to conventional therapy.   Management of this condition often is frustrating to both the patient   and the clinician.   Case Descriptions. The authors present 4 cases of generalized refractory   chronic periodontitis characterized by an inflammatory gingival response   and progressive bone loss that did not respond to extensive periodontal   treatments and regular periodontal care. Histologic examination of   affected gingival tissue revealed an abundance of plasma cells, a   feature seen in certain oral contact hypersensitivity reactions. The   authors suspected that waxed or coated dental floss was the offending   contactant, and its removal from the patients' oral hygiene regimens   resulted in a dramatic improvement of the periodontal characteristics.   Conclusions and Practical Implications. In cases of periodontal disease   as described in this report, dental practitioners should consider the   possibility of a contact hypersensitivity reaction to waxed or coated   dental floss, whereby the floss exacerbates the condition instead of   assisting in its resolution.",10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.009
1592,InProceedings,Supporting Management of Hybrid OSS Communities - A Stakeholder Analysis   Approach,"In Hybrid Open Source Software projects, independent and commercially   oriented stakeholders collaborate using freely accessible tools and   development processes. Here, contributors can enter and leave the   community flexibly, which poses a challenge for community managers in   ensuring the sustainability of the community. This short paper reports   initial results from an industrial case study of the ``Qt{''} Open   Source Software project. We present a visual stakeholder analysis   approach, building on data from the three systems that provide for the   Qt project's complete software development workflow. This overview,   augmented with information about the stakeholders' organizational   affiliations, proved to help the project's community manager in finding   potential for encouraging contributors and to identify issues that can   potentially be detrimental for the community.",10.1007/978-3-319-49094-6\\_7
1594,InProceedings,Systematic Literature Review on Effort Estimation for Open Sources (OSS)   Web Application Development,"The development of Web applications has a crucial role as most   organizations have their own corporate Web applications to meet the   needs of their respective businesses. Different needs create different   complexities which represent a new challenge to Web application   development. In order to ensure the timely delivery of a project,   software providers offering this service choose to use Open Sources   (OSS) as an alternative. Since OSS consist of an existing framework that   can be implemented directly into the application, how far does this   affect the complexity of the effort estimation? A number of research   papers have outlined the efforts made to refine the complexity of this   field. However, to our best knowledge a systematic overview of the   research done on Web application development that involves OSS usage   does not appear to exist. Hence, the aim of this paper is to conduct a   systematic literature review (SLR) of OSS Web application development.   For this purpose, 34 papers from a total of 67 papers were identified   and studied. The findings of this study indicate that (a) no research   has been carried out on the field mentioned; (b) there is no early   effort estimation model for Web projects that involve the usage of OSS.   Therefore, this work provides an overview of the field besides   identifying future research possibilities.",NA
1595,InCollection,Systems Engineering Concepts with Aid of Virtual Worlds and Open Source   Software: Using Technology to Develop Learning Objects and Simulation   Environments,"Technology is changing the landscape of learning and teaching in   America. The use of virtual worlds enable engineering and technology   programs to implement software programs such as Second Life and Open   Simulator to enhance what they may currently already have. Additionally,   virtual worlds can add a more dynamic environment in the online   classroom for multiple platforms such as the Personal Computer (PC),   wearables, and mobile devices. The purpose of this chapter is to provide   a review of these programs to include how to implement these items into   an engineering course. Further detailed in this submission is how to   incorporate Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)   documentation and other engineering guidelines into the projects.   Included in this chapter is a detailed layout of a simulated environment   as well as various approaches of structuring and organization for   classroom activities.",10.4018/978-1-5225-0125-1.ch020
1596,InProceedings,TEACHING RENEWABLE ENERGIES USING FREE SOFTWARE: A CASE STUDY WITH R   APPLIED TO OCEAN ENERGY,"The University of the Basque Country (http://www. ehu. es) is the most   important University in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country,   Spain. There is one degree in Renewable Energy Engineering given at the   Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering (Eibar). In the last year of their   studies, students, can select one subject on Ocean Energy.   In this subject, state-of-the-art operation and management techniques   are taught to the students. Apart from the transmission of this   knowlegde, the focus is practical and is based on hands-on computer   real-life exercises, which involves not only intensive programming using   a high-level software, but also the spatial representation of results.   This is important because currently two major research and development   lines can be identified as far as ocean energy is concerned. The first   one is the analysis of prototypes that in the future will extensively   extract electricity from wave farms.   The second one is related to the resource itself, which implies the   analysis and characterization of some ocean variables related to the   extraction of energy. In many cases, the raw information on some oceanic   variables of interest is available from institutions like the ECMWF   http://www.ecmwf.int However a very extensive phase of data   preprocessing is needed to extract useful information on wave energy   potential. This will be an important task for future engineers involved   in the spatial planning of oceanic energy facilities and in real-time   forecasting and control of electricity obtained at wave farms. For this   reason, students need to effectively learn to do all these tasks.   R (https://www.cran.r-project.org/) is a freely available software that   provides an optimum answer to these combined needs and teaching   challenges due to its modular structure. R has a core module and nearly   8000 packages specifically developed for different purposes are also   available. Packages like ``RNetCDF{''}, ``sp{''} ``rgeos{''},   ``rgdal{''}, ``maps{''}, ``maptools{''} and ``mapdata{''} have been   developed to make R work with full functionalities just like any   high-level programming software.   Incorporating R into the teaching activities of the subject ``Ocean   Energy{''} has represented an important step forward in the education of   future engineers while providing them with real-life tools for their   future jobs in wave farms.",NA
1597,Article,"Terrain characterization of small island using publicly available data   and open- source software: a case study of Marinduque, Philippines","Digital terrain attributes derived from digital elevation model (DEM)   such as elevation, slope, and aspect are widely used to determine the   influence of topography on different environmental and human processes.   The advent of publicly available DEM data has provided a cheaper,   low-cost alternative to traditional field data collection and survey.   Handling, processing, and visualization of such data on an open-source   software will provide researchers and specialists a better and faster   way of generating digital terrain maps and creating input data for other   analyses. This paper demonstrates the methodology of combining the use   ASTER GDEM and SAGA functionality of QGIS, and R software to develop   terrain maps for Marinduque, an island province of the Philippines.",10.1007/s40808-016-0085-y
1598,InProceedings,Test Suite Effectiveness: An Indicator for Open Source Software Quality,"Nowadays, open source software is playing a big role in several business   contexts. Open source systems have moved from just educational projects   to mainstream research area. Successful and active open source projects   are numbering more than thousands that needs to be tested and their   quality level needs to be determined. There are several ways to measure   the quality of software systems. Mainly, measuring the ability of test   cases to detect and find defects is used. This research focuses on   finding a good technique to evaluate the effectiveness of test cases for   finding defects in open source systems. Experiments are conducted on six   OSS (open source software). The result shows how the effectiveness of   test suite of could give an indication about studied systems quality.",NA
1599,InProceedings,The Effects and Antecedents of Conflict in Free and Open Source Software   Development,"Conflict is an important group process, and more so in self-organizing   teams with fluid boundaries and high possibility for turnover. We   empirically investigate different types of conflict in Free and Open   Source Software development teams, their antecedents and impact on   developers' sustained participation. Following a survey of 222 FOSS   developers, we find conflict to have an overall negative effect on   developer retention. Furthermore, different types of conflict have   varying impact on outcomes. In particular, only normative conflict   levels negatively impact intention to remain in a FOSS project. Both   normative and process conflict negatively affect perceptions of team   performance, while the co-occurrence of task and process conflict   exacerbate negative effects on outcomes. Though we find structural   factors like task interdependence and geographical distribution increase   overall conflict levels in FOSS teams, participatory decision-making and   a transformational leadership style have an ameliorating effect.   Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",10.1145/2818048.2820018
1603,Article,The Effects of Communication Patterns on the Success of Open Source   Software Projects: An Empirical Analysis from Social Network   Perspectives,"Drawing on the theoretical lens of communication patterns in   organizational theory, this research analyzed the longitudinal success   of open source software (OSS) projects by employing social network   analysis method, based on extensive analyses of empirical data. This   study is expected to provide an understanding on how communication   patterns established in different roles and different levels. The   authors not only measured OSS success from both developers and users'   perspectives, but also extended the existing research by including the   potential relationships among these success measures in the estimation   model. Following the panel data econometric analysis methodology, they   evaluated their research hypotheses using the Three-Stage Least Squares   model, accounting for both time-period and project fixed effects. The   authors' results indicated that according to the objectives of projects,   a proper and planned control for the communication among team members is   crucial for the success of OSS projects.",10.4018/JGIM.2016100102
1605,Article,The Influence of Risk Factors in Decision-Making Process for Open Source   Software Adoption,"``Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM,{''} was a widely used cliche in   the 1970s in the corporate IT (information technology) world. Since   then, the traditional process of purchasing software has dramatically   changed, challenged by the advent of open source software (OSS). Since   its inception in the 1980s, OSS has matured, grown, and become one of   the important driving forces of the enterprise ecosystem. However, it   has also brought important IT security risks that are impacting the OSS   IT adoption decision-making process. The recent Heartbleed bug   demonstrated the grandeur of the issue. While much of the noise relates   to the amplification of perceived risks by the popular mass media   coverage, the effect is that many enterprises, mainly for risk reasons,   have still chosen not to adopt OSS. We investigated ``how do information   security related characteristics of OSS affect the risk perception and   adoption decision of OSS{''} by conducting an online survey of 188 IT   decision-makers. The proposed Open Source Risk Adoption Model offers   novel insights on the importance of the perceived risk antecedents. Our   research brings new theoretical contributions, such as understanding the   perceived IT security risk (PISR) relationship with adoption intention   (AI) in the OSS context, for researchers and important insights for IT   information professionals. We have found that IT security risk has a   significant role in OSS adoption intention. Our results offer possible   future research directions and extend existing theoretical understanding   of OSS adoption.",10.1142/S0219622015500364
1606,InProceedings,The Role of Open Source Software in Program Analysis for Reverse   Engineering,"Program analysis is the process of statically or dynamically retrieving   the structure and behavior of software systems. Static analysis solely   relies on the availability of source code of computer programs, while   dynamic analysis captures program information using execution traces   during program runtime. The entire process is called software reverse   engineering, where the extracted information could eventually be   visualized to facilitate program comprehension for the sake of learning,   maintenance, etc. Open source software, in this context, plays a vital   role in developing, enriching, and validating program analysis   techniques. In this paper, we show and discuss how open source software   projects significantly contribute to the development, evolution, and   validation of program analysis techniques as well as enriching   reverse-engineered diagrams with useful and meaningful information, even   for those techniques that rely on dynamic analysis.",NA
1607,Article,The Use of Security Tactics in Open Source Software Projects,"Despite the best intentions of software architects, it is often the case   that individual developers do not faithfully implement the original   security design decisions. Such a scenario sometimes leads to a   situation in which while an architect claims the use of a secure   architecture in the form of some tactic, the corresponding source code   does not support the claim. To bridge this gap, the first critical step   is to verify whether the source code reflects at least some of the   structural or behavioral features required for a tactic. In this study,   we examine the extent of this discrepancy between an architect's vision   of what security tactics need to be adopted in the software and the   actual implementation. We accomplish this research goal by 1) exploring   an architect's intention to use security tactics, 2) checking whether   the tactic is manifested in the design, and finally 3) recovering the   evidence of efforts to implement the design in the source code. To avoid   limitations to accessing documentation and source code, we use open   source projects to conduct our research.",10.1109/TR.2015.2500367
1608,Article,The fundamentals behind solving for unknown molecular structures using   computer-assisted structure elucidation: a free software package at the   undergraduate and graduate levels,"The successful elucidation of an unknown compound's molecular structure   often requires an analyst with profound knowledge and experience of   advanced spectroscopic techniques, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance   (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The implementation of   Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) software in solving for   unknown structures, such as isolated natural products and/or reaction   impurities, can serve both as elucidation and teaching tools. As such,   the introduction of CASE software with 112 exercises to train students   in conjunction with the traditional pen and paper approach will   strengthen their overall understanding of solving unknowns and explore   of various structural end points to determine the validity of the   results quickly. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley \\& Sons, Ltd.",10.1002/mrc.4453
1610,Article,The hacker ethic vs netarchical capitalism: free software and peer   production within collaborative economic practices in Andalusia,"Over the last few years the notion of the Collaborative Economy has   become increasingly popular despite the lack of consensus around its   meaning. This term includes a wide variety of experiences from time   banks and urban gardens to startups or digital platforms. The recent   expansion of all tthese initiatives can be linked to a combination of   factors such as the technological development, economic recession and   other overlapping crises (environmental, care, political.) and changing   social values. During 2014-2015, two almost parallel studies were   undertaken following a similar methodology. The first one was aimed at   defining and identifying Collaborative Economy practices linked to   Andalusia's public universities. The second study searched for   entrepreneurship sharing initiatives in the region. The results led to   the following question about the nature of the Collaborative Economy: Is   it possible to define these practices as postcapitalist initiatives and   do they promote a fairer and more equalitarian society or do they   respond to capital forces and simply aim to continue extracting and   privatizing value which is socially generated? This article analyses a   specific set of initiatives identified in Andalusia, those based on open   source software and digital production. Its conclusions are that, these   initiatives are, up to a point, embedded with the hacker ethic and the   logics of open knowledge. Therefore, they could be situated within the   promotion of a global commons which is opposed to the hegemonic logics   of netarchical capitalism.",10.5209/rev\\_TK.2016.v13.n1.51936
1613,Article,Traction with dental floss and endoscopic clip improves trainee success   in performing gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): a live   porcine study (with video),"Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a prolonged procedure with   serious adverse events. The clip with line traction method was reported   to improve ESD. However, there was no comparison with conventional ESD   especially for trainees. We report here on the feasibility and efficacy   of traction using dental floss with endoscopic clip to facilitate ESD   versus conventional method for ESD trainees.   Twenty simulated gastric lesions, paired with location and size, were   created in porcine stomachs using a standard template. After a circular   incision was made, submucosal dissection (control, n = 10) was performed   with standard ESD, while the study (clip, n = 10) was performed with   traction using dental floss and endoclip. Primary outcome was speed of   submucosal dissection. Secondary outcome included frequency of   submucosal injection and adverse event.   Compared with controls, median procedure time was significantly shorter   in the clip group (5.6 +/- A 1.1 vs. 13.6 +/- A 2.5 min, P = 0.003),   with a significantly faster submucosal dissection time (1.8 +/- A 0.3   vs. 0.6 +/- A 0.1 cm(2)/min, P = 0.001) and less frequent submucosal   injection (5.7 +/- A 0.6 vs. 8.5 +/- A 1.0 times, P = 0.024). There were   no perforations in either group, but less adverse events (bleeding and   injury to muscularis propria) in the clip group (1 vs. 7, P = 0.068,   alpha = 0.1).   Traction provided by dental floss and endoclip improves visualization of   the submucosal layer during ESD. It allows a faster and safer gastric   ESD especially among trainees in the early learning phase.",10.1007/s00464-015-4598-7
1614,InProceedings,Training the Future Workforce through Task Curation in an OSS Ecosystem,"Volunteers to Open Source Software (OSS) projects contribute not only to   help create the software that they use, but also to gain skills and   enrich their expertise and resumes. However, newcomers to OSS face   several challenges when joining a project. Particularly, they do not   know where to start, or choose tasks that they can be successful at. Our   vision, BugExchange, is a system that curates tasks from OSS projects to   help train newcomers. While evaluating and executing these tasks,   newcomers can gain an understanding about the project, its technology,   and concepts. There are many challenges in designing such a system. For   example, identifying the information needs of newcomers, creating task   recommendations that match newcomers' skills and career goals, and   providing mentoring and networking support. BugExchange has the   potential to improve newcomer learning experiences, reduce dropouts, and   foster community building.",10.1145/2950290.2983984
1617,Article,Understanding Open Source Software Evolution Using Fuzzy Data Mining   Algorithm for Time Series Data,"Source code management systems (such as Concurrent Versions System   (CVS), Subversion, and git) record changes to code repositories of open   source software projects. This study explores a fuzzy data mining   algorithm for time series data to generate the association rules for   evaluating the existing trend and regularity in the evolution of open   source software project. The idea to choose fuzzy data mining algorithm   for time series data is due to the stochastic nature of the open source   software development process. Commit activity of an open source project   indicates the activeness of its development community. An active   development community is a strong contributor to the success of an open   source project. Therefore commit activity analysis along with the trend   and regularity analysis for commit activity of open source software   project acts as an important indicator to the project managers and   analyst regarding the evolutionary prospects of the project in the   future.",10.1155/2016/1479692
1619,Article,"Uthållig kreativitet - tills döden skiljer oss åt -- {Tre} faror, två demoner, tio budord","Anförande vid Sociologidagarna, Uppsala 10–12 mars 2016, Stefan Svallfors, Södertörns högskola \\& Institutet för framtidsstudier",NA
1620,Article,VeriSiMPL 2: An open-source software for the verification of   max-plus-linear systems,"This work presents a technique to generate finite abstractions of   autonomous Max-Plus-Linear (MPL) systems, a class of discrete-event   systems employed to characterize the dynamics of the timing related to   the synchronization of successive events. Abstractions of MPL systems   are derived as finite-state transition systems. A transition system is   obtained first by partitioning the state space of the MPL system into   finitely many regions and then by associating a unique state of the   transition system to each partitioning region. Relations among the   states of the transition system are then set up based on the underlying   dynamical transitions between the corresponding partitioning regions of   the MPL state space. In order to establish formal equivalences, the   obtained finite abstractions are proven either to simulate or to   bisimulate the original MPL system. The approach enables the study of   general properties of the original MPL system formalized as logical   specifications, by verifying them over the finite abstraction via model   checking. The article presents a new, extended and improved   implementation of a software tool (available online) for the discussed   formal abstraction of MPL systems, and is tested on a numerical   benchmark against a previous version.",10.1007/s10626-015-0218-x
1621,Article,Watching Kinetic Studies as Chemical Maps Using Open-Source Software,"A nonproprietary software package, ``PyMca{''}, primarily developed for   X-ray fluorescence analysis offers an easy-to-use interface for   calculating maps, by integrating intensity (of X-ray fluorescence, as   well as any spectral data) over Regions Of Interest (ROT), by performing   per pixel operations or by applying multivariate analysis. Here we show   that, while initially developed to analyze hyperspectral two-dimensional   (spatial) maps, this tool can be beneficial as well to anyone interested   in measuring spectral variations over one or two dimensions, these   dimensions being time, temperature, and so on. Different possibilities   offered by the software (preprocessing, simultaneous analysis of   replicas, of different conditions, ROT calculation, multivariate   analysis, determination of reaction rate constant and of Arrhenius plot)   are illustrated with two examples. The first example is the Fourier   transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) follow-up of the saponification   of oil by lead compounds. The disappearance of reagent (oil) and   formation of products (lead carboxylates and glycerol) can be easily   followed and quantified. The second example is a combined extended X-ray   absorption fine structure (EXAFS), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier   transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of   RhAl2O3 catalyst under NO reduction by CO in the presence of O-2. It is   possible to appreciate, in a single shot, Rh particles' structure and   surface changes and gas release and adsorption in the reaction   conditions.",10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04819
1622,InProceedings,"Whats GNU got to do with it? participatory design, infrastructuring and free/open source software","In this paper we link Participatory Design (PD) to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) via Infrastructuring. We describe the characteristics of FOSS focusing on extensibility, generativity and their communities of practice. We discuss how FOSS products and communities provide valuable resources to PD projects beyond the design phase. We use evidence from our long-running, community based PD project to show how FOSS provides essential elements of infrastructure that contribute to the sustainability of this project and suggest that the mutual learning outcomes of PD, together with FOSS resources, can support users' participation after design. We contribute to PD by providing a point of view from developers and facilitators, who combine FOSS and PD, that furthers an understanding of how these two areas are related.",10.1145/2948076.2948090
1624,InProceedings,Women in Free/Libre/Open Source Software: The Situation in the 2010s,"Women are underrepresented in the IT sector. But the situation in FLOSS   (free, libre, open source software) development is really extreme in   this respect: past publications and studies show a female participation   of around 2\\% to 5\\% and have shed some light into this problem. In this   paper, we give an update the state of knowledge to the current situation   of gender in FLOSS, by analyzing the results of surveying more than   2,000 contributors to FLOSS projects in 2013, of which more than 200   were women. Our findings confirm that women enter the FLOSS community   later than men, do primarily other tasks than coding, participate less   if they have children, and have slightly different reasons to enter (and   to stay in) the development communities they join. However, we also find   evidence that women are joining FLOSS projects in higher numbers in   recent years, and that the share of women devoting few hours per week to   FLOSS and full-time dedication is higher than for men. All in all,   comparing our results with the ones from the 2000s, the context of   participation of women in FLOSS has not changed much.",10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7\\_13
1625,Article,"<i>FloodRisk</i>: a collaborative, free and open-source software for   flood risk analysis","The European `Floods Directive' 2007/60/EC focuses on the development of   flood risk maps and management plans on the basis of the most   appropriate and advanced tools. This pushed a paradigm shift for moving   to sustainable development through processes of stakeholder engagement   to improve the efficiency and transparency of decision processes. In   this context, this research project developed a free and open-source GIS   software, called FloodRisk, to operatively support stakeholders in their   compliance with risk map delineation and the management of current and   future flood risk based on their needs for multi-purpose applications.   In this paper, a high-resolution impact assessment framework based on 2D   inundation modelling with different return periods was used, as input,   within the FloodRisk model to reconstruct the socio-economic damages   based on a case study showing how structural and non-structural measures   can significantly decrease the cost of floods for households. The   sensitivity of the FloodRisk model was also examined and it was found to   be highly dependent on the selection of damage functions and the   economic values of the exposed assets.",10.1080/19475705.2017.1388854
1626,Article,"<i>OpenMEE</i>: Intuitive, open-source software for meta-analysis in   ecology and evolutionary biology","1. Meta-analysis and meta-regression are statistical methods for   synthesizing and modelling the results of different studies, and are   critical research synthesis tools in ecology and evolutionary biology   (E\\&E). However, many E\\&E researchers carry out meta-analyses using   software that is limited in its statistical functionality and is not   easily updatable. It is likely that these software limitations have   slowed the uptake of new methods in E\\&E and limited the scope and   quality of inferences from research syntheses.   2. We developed OpenMEE: Open Meta-analyst for Ecology and Evolution to   address the need for advanced, easy-to-use software for meta-analysis   and meta-regression. OpenMEE has a cross-platform, easy-to-use graphical   user interface (GUI) that gives E\\&E researchers access to the diverse   and advanced statistical functionalities offered in R, without requiring   knowledge of R programming.   3. OpenMEE offers a suite of advanced meta-analysis and meta-regression   methods for synthesizing continuous and categorical data, including   meta-regression with multiple covariates and their interactions,   phylogenetic analyses, and simple missing data imputation. OpenMEE also   supports data importing and exporting, exploratory data analysis,   graphing of data, and summary table generation.   4. As intuitive, open-source, free software for advanced methods in   meta-analysis, OpenMEE meets the current and pressing needs of the E\\&E   community for teaching meta-analysis and conducting high-quality   syntheses. Because OpenMEE's statistical components are written in R,   new methods and packages can be rapidly incorporated into the software.   To fully realize the potential of OpenMEE, we encourage community   development with an aim to advance the capabilities of meta-analyses in   E\\&E.",10.1111/2041-210X.12708
1627,InProceedings,A Case Study of Motivations for Corporate Contribution to FOSS,"Free/Open Source Software developers come from a myriad of different   backgrounds, and are driven to contribute to projects for a variety of   different reasons, including compensation from corporations or   foundations. Motivation can have a dramatic impact on how and what   contribution an individual makes, as well as how tenacious they are.   These contributions may align with the needs of the developer, the   community, the organization funding the developer, or all of the above.   Understanding how corporate sponsorship affects the social dynamics and   evolution of Free/Open Source code and community is critical to   fostering healthy communities. We present a case study of corporations   contributing to the Linux Kernel. We find that corporate contributors   contribute more code, but are less likely to participate in non-coding   activities. This knowledge will help project leaders to better   understand the dynamics of sponsorship, and help to steer resources.",NA
1628,InProceedings,A Clone Management Framework to Improve Code Quality of FOSS Projects,The emergence of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) development model as a   widely adopted paradigm in the software development industry in the   recent few years has developed the interest of researchers towards the   code quality of FOSS projects. Code clones are introduced in the   software system by the adoption of common code reuse practices by FOSS   developers. This has led the clone research community to observe the   effects of code clones on the code quality of FOSS projects. Although   code clones are not always harmful but they might become critical to   large scale and evolving software systems such as FOSS projects.   Research in this paper reveals the importance and need for improving   code quality of FOSS projects by implementing an effective clone   management system integrated in the FOSS development environment. This   paper proposes a clone management framework that ensures effective clone   evolution tracking and visualization in FOSS projects. This framework   will appear as a baseline to initiate the efforts towards improving code   quality by the implementation of a versatile clone management system for   FOSS development.,NA
1629,InProceedings,A Contribution Management Framework for Firms Engaged in Open Source   Software Ecosystems - A Research Preview,"Context and motivation: Contribution Management helps firms engaged in   Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystems to motivate what they should   contribute and when, but also what they should focus their resources on   and to what extent. Such guidelines are also referred to as contribution   strategies. The motivation for developing tailored contribution   strategies is to maximize return on investment and sustain the influence   needed in the ecosystem. Question/Problem: We aim to develop a framework   to help firms understand their current situation and create a starting   point to develop an effective contribution management process. Principal   ideas/results: Through a design science approach, a prototype framework   is created based on literature and validated iteratively with expert   opinions through interviews. Contribution: In this research preview, we   present our initial results after our first design cycle and   consultation with one experienced OSS manager at a large OSS oriented   software-intensive firm. The initial validation highlights importance of   stakeholder identification and analysis, as well as the general need for   contribution management and alignment with internal product planning.   This encourages future work to develop the framework further using   expert and case validation.",10.1007/978-3-319-54045-0\\_4
1631,InProceedings,A Defect Tracking Tool for Open Source Software,"Defect reporting and correction is one of the most crucial part in any   phase of software development. This is a very costly activity. A lot of   time, effort and resources can be saved if the defects can be predicted   beforehand, using a suitable training data set. For this, the generation   of defect reports which reports the classes that are defective and   computes the required software metrics is required. This process should   be fully automated. Various data analysis research techniques and   algorithms can be applied on this produced data set and this information   can be very helpful for the developers and the organization as a whole   for the prediction of bugs for future purposes and for analysis of the   quality of the software being produced. The various issues addressed in   this paper are (1) selection of suitable projects as input for the tool,   (2) a mechanism to trace the whole project code history and identifying   the classes present, (3) the criteria for classifying a class as   defective, (4) method to generate most accurate software metrics for the   classes, (5) combining all the data into a final representable format.   The tool is developed using Java, using the top open source repositories   hosted on Github to test its working, incorporating SourceMeter tool to   produce the software metrics and wrapping all this in a simple   interface.",NA
1632,InProceedings,A Formal Approach for Correct Elastic Package-Based Free and Open Source Software Composition in Cloud,"Cloud environments have been increasingly used to deploy and run software while providing a high level performance with a low operating cost. Most of the existing software applications are nowadays distributed as Package-based Free and Open Source (PFOS) applications. Different requirements must be considered while configuring PFOS software. These requirements can be classified into two classes: dependency and capacity requirements.In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to ensure the correctness of elastic composite PFOS applications. Our approach is based on Event-B and combines proof-based models with model checking to provide a more complete verification. It starts by abstractly specifying the main concepts of PFOS software, and then refining them through multiple steps to model the elastic composite PFOS software and its correctness requirements. The consistency of each model and the relationship between an abstract model and its refinements are obtained by formal proofs. Finally, we used the ProB model-checker to trace possible design errors.",10.1007/978-3-319-69462-7_46
1633,InProceedings,A Framework to Assess and Address Human Capacities Needed to Leverage   Open Source Software Platforms in Developing Countries,"While open source health information software platforms provide   developing countries a low-cost, quick and less risky way to build   health information systems as compared to in-house solutions, human   resource capacity challenges can limit their ability to leverage such   platforms. Drawing from a case study focusing on the deployment and   operation phases of the DHIS2 platform in Malawi, we observe open source   software platforms require a range of human resource capacities that go   beyond capacity to use the platform. To fully leverage open source   health information software platforms entails the availability of   platform usage capacity, platform deployment capacity, platform   customisation capacity and platform module development capacity. Most   capacity building initiatives for information systems in developing   countries have been short-term efforts focused on initial end user   capacity to use such systems. However, to cope with rapid innovations   and evolution associated with open source software platforms, capacity   building ought to be a continuous process encompassing a range of human   resource capacities not only use of the platform.",10.1007/978-3-319-59111-7\\_8
1634,InProceedings,A Novel Approach of Creating a Self Owned `Dropbox' using Open Source   Software,"This paper aims at the creation of a self owned cloud user space using   an open source service called ownCloud. ownCloud is implemented using a   GNU/LINUX environment. A cloud service is used in our day to day   activities. We use a cloud service like dropbox.com to save pictures,   documents and many a times music and video files. This paper was written   to overcome some of the disadvantages of many cloud services. One such   major disadvantage is that the services are not free and are proprietary   softwares. But ownCloud is a free and open source software.",NA
1635,Article,A Pilot Study: Perceptual Effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on   Glenohumeral Flexibility,"Even though adaption of the Voodoo Floss Band is gaining momentum,   evidence-based literature on its effectiveness remains sparse. The   purpose of this quantitative observational design study was to   investigate the effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on soft-tissue   flexibility and perception of movement. A repeated-measures ANOVA with   between-subjects factor demonstrated both groups significantly improved   GH flexion range of motion from pretest to post-test but there was not a   statistically significant difference between the groups. Perceptions of   flexibility increased more for the Voodoo Floss Band group,   demonstrating a psychological increase in GH flexion, but not a physical   increase.",10.1123/ijatt.2016-0093
1636,Article,A large-scale study of architectural evolution in open-source software   systems,"From its very inception, the study of software architecture has   recognized architectural decay as a regularly occurring phenomenon in   long-lived systems. Architectural decay is caused by repeated, sometimes   careless changes to a system during its lifespan. Despite decay's   prevalence, there is a relative dearth of empirical data regarding the   nature of architectural changes that may lead to decay, and of   developers' understanding of those changes. In this paper, we take a   step toward addressing that scarcity by introducing an architecture   recovery framework, ARCADE, for conducting large-scale replicable   empirical studies of architectural change across different versions of a   software system. ARCADE includes two novel architectural change metrics,   which are the key to enabling large-scale empirical studies of   architectural change. We utilize ARCADE to conduct an empirical study of   changes found in software architectures spanning several hundred   versions of 23 open-source systems. Our study reveals several new   findings regarding the frequency of architectural changes in software   systems, the common points of departure in a system's architecture   during the system's maintenance and evolution, the difference between   system-level and component-level architectural change, and the   suitability of a system's implementation-level structure as a proxy for   its architecture.",10.1007/s10664-016-9466-0
1637,InProceedings,Acquisition of Open Source Software Project Maturity Based on Time   Series Machine Learning,"In this study, with time series machine learning, the traits data of   GitHub open source project was used to establish a model named open   source maturity model. This model used timeseries machine   learning(OMMTML), which was compared with the traditional open source   software maturity assessment model and open source project analyze   framework (OSPAF). The aim is to reveal how the model is different in   finding the mature project. We use the project recommended by the open   source community as a standard for mature projects, and the result shows   that the model has better versatility and accuracy.",10.1109/ISCID.2017.20
1638,Article,"Act Natural: Dubious Proposals in <i>The Mill on the Floss</i>, <i>The   Pastor's Wife</i>, <i>Vera</i> and <i>Rebecca</i>","Following George Eliot, Elizabeth von Arnim showcases a male rhetoric of   naturalness. Her men cultivate and punish their women when they resist   naturalizing. Without denigrating the intelligence of women, von Arnim   shows their unwitting complicity in their subjection. In The Pastor's   Wife (1914) and in Vera (1921), the highly literate women have read the   wrong books or missed the unfriendly truths about relationships in those   they have read. The husbands and lovers make shallow use of   philosophical and scientific reasoning to justify their control and   enforce female uniformity deemed natural'. Darwin is misappropriated by   the tyrannical Wemyss: evolutionary theories support his imperious   dismissal of Lucy's aunt and friends. Wemyss's most monstrous actions   suggest an atavistic patriarchal dominance like the hereditary reversion   theorized by Samuel Butler as unconscious memory. Wemyss brings up the   issue of England's inheritance, and a disturbing vision dawns as the   philistine and self-appointed natural man subdues Lucy. Daphne du   Maurier's Rebecca (1938) follows Vera's plot, but it does not   interrogate naturalness in the same way. Entrapped in her husband's   vision of a natural woman, the narrator registers Rebecca's wild   transgressiveness as more powerful and universal than her own tamed   naturalness.",10.1080/09574042.2017.1320072
1639,Article,All That Is Solid Turns into Steam: Sublimation and Sympathy in George   Eliot's <i>The Mill on the Floss</i>,"This essay argues that steam and its gaseous properties in George   Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1861) represent capital's increasing   abstraction in the nineteenth century that threatened to disrupt   economic and affective relations between people, property, and places   associated with the past while nevertheless introducing new modes of   circulation and more diffusive opportunities for sympathetic connection.   The novel's return to an earlier stage in the development of capital   places the 1830s of the story in dialogue with the 1860s of its   narration, while inviting readers to compare the values of this earlier   period to those of their own. Considering this comparative structure in   relation to nineteenth-century ethnography and its   interlocutors-including Auguste Comte, Ludwig Feuerbach, and Karl Marx-I   read Edward Tulliver's primitive materialism and the Dodson sisters'   fetishism as both humorous reactions and more earnest forms of   resistance to this increasing abstraction. Eliot ultimately turns toward   the figurative possibilities of sublimation as a way to bridge the   concrete and the abstract, the particular and the general, will and   affect, self and other. Sublimation-not liquidation-therefore serves as   the more apt metaphor for sympathy in the novel.",10.1525/ncl.2017.72.3.338
1640,InProceedings,An Approach Based on Structural Differences to Expedite Applying OSS   updates to Products,"Open source software (OSS)-based product development takes advantage of   feature updates and bug fixes from OSS communities. However, when we   customize the OSS and do not return the changes back to the OSS   communities, our customization and the updates sometimes conflict. That   makes it difficult to apply forthcoming OSS updates since we need to   grasp the software changes appropriately. We propose a method to   visualize software's structural differences using call graph. We have   applied the method to a product development process and found that our   method helps developers to speed up the application of OSS updates and   reduce update errors. We have also found that solely providing call   graph is insufficient for them to check the differences. They need more   detailed information, e.g. data flow, as well as a guide to utilize the   difference information to resolve the conflicts.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2017.51
1641,InProceedings,An Empirical Analysis of Build Failures in the Continuous Integration   Workflows of Java-Based Open-Source Software,"Continuous Integration (CI) has become a common practice in both   industrial and open-source software development. While CI has evidently   improved aspects of the software development process, errors during CI   builds pose a threat to development efficiency. As an increasing amount   of time goes into fixing such errors, failing builds can significantly   impair the development process and become very costly. We perform an   in-depth analysis of build failures in CI environments. Our approach   links repository commits to data of corresponding CI builds. Using data   from 14 open-source Java projects, we first identify 14 common error   categories. Besides test failures, which are by far the most common   error category (up to >80\\% per project), we also identify noisy build   data, e.g., induced by transient Git interaction errors, or general   infrastructure flakiness. Second, we analyze which factors impact the   build results, taking into account general process and specific CI   metrics. Our results indicate that process metrics have a significant   impact on the build outcome in 8 of the 14 projects on average, but the   strongest influencing factor across all projects is overall stability in   the recent build history. For 10 projects, more than 50\\% (up to 80\\%)   of all failed builds follow a previous build failure. Moreover, the fail   ratio of the last k=10 builds has a significant impact on build results   for all projects in our dataset.",10.1109/MSR.2017.54
1642,InProceedings,An Empirical Comparison of Dependency Issues in OSS Packaging Ecosystems,"Nearly every popular programming language comes with one or more open   source software packaging ecosystem(s), containing a large collection of   interdependent software packages developed in that programming language.   Such packaging ecosystems are extremely useful for their respective   software development community. We present an empirical analysis of how   the dependency graphs of three large packaging ecosystems (npm, CRAN and   RubyGems) evolve over time. We study how the existing package   dependencies impact the resilience of the three ecosystems over time and   to which extent these ecosystems suffer from issues related to package   dependency updates. We analyse specific solutions that each ecosystem   has put into place and argue that none of these solutions is perfect,   motivating the need for better tools to deal with package dependency   update problems.",NA
1643,InProceedings,An Exploratory Analysis of a Hybrid OSS Company's Forum in Search of   Sales Leads,"Background: Online forums are instruments through which information or   problems are shared and discussed, including expressions of interests   and intentions.   Objective: In this paper, we present ongoing work aimed at analyzing the   content of forum posts of a hybrid open source company that offers both   free and commercial licenses, in order to help its community manager   gain improved understanding of the forum discussions and sentiments and   automatically discover new opportunities such as sales leads, i.e.,   people who are interested in buying a license. These leads can then be   forwarded to the sales team for follow-up and can result in them   potentially making a sale, thus increasing company revenue.   Method: For the analysis of the forums, an untapped channel for sales   leads by the company, text analysis techniques are utilized to identify   potential sales leads and the discussion topics and sentiments in those   leads.   Results: Results of our preliminary work make a positive contribution in   lessening the community manager's work in understanding the sentiment   and discussion topics in the hybrid open source forum community, as well   as make it easier and faster to identify potential future customers.   Conclusion: We believe that the results will positively contribute to   improving the sales of licenses for the hybrid open source company.",10.1109/ESEM.2017.52
1644,Article,An Object-Oriented Software Metric Tool to Evaluate The Quality of Open   Source Software,"Software efficiency and software superiority control have encouraged the   investigation of software metrics technology. Open source software   development has increased the importance and directed to the research on   the software metrics and the development of automated tools to support   the evaluation metrics. For the successful support to the software   evaluation, a software metrics tool is supposed to support the metrics   model. The aim of this research work is to provide an automated software   metrics support for managers and users to measure the design or source   code of the open source software program and thus evaluate the quality   of the software as per the specified hierarchical metrics model. The   overall goal of this research work is to the automatic quality   evaluation of source code for a free and open source software by study   the software metrics and develop a tool. This research work will be   based on software metrics that, combined and configured by experts, will   provide an automatic investigation of features such as flexibility,   precision, modularity, and software maintenance.",NA
1645,InProceedings,An Overview of Open Source Software Systems for Smart Development of   Virtual Environments,"This paper presents an overview of main open source software, low-cost   devices and related SDKs (Software Development Kits) that can be used to   develop custom applications based on virtual and augmented reality. At   present, the high modularity of the open source software for computer   graphics allows developing custom applications with high quality for   several research and industrial fields. To this end, we introduce a   general-purpose software framework, which permits to manage the   synchronization among the SDKs of different low-cost devices. Mentioned   devices and software modules have been exploited to develop three   applications in different fields.",10.1007/978-3-319-58463-8\\_30
1647,Article,An empirical verification of a-priori learning models on mailing   archives in the context of online learning activities of participants in   free\\textbackslash{}libre open source software (FLOSS) communities,"Free\\textbackslash{}Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) environments are   increasingly dubbed as learning environments where practical software   engineering skills can be acquired. Numerous studies have extensively   investigated how knowledge is acquired in these environments through a   collaborative learning model that define a learning process. Such a   learning process, identified either as a result of surveys or by means   of questionnaires, can be depicted through a series of graphical   representations indicating the steps FLOSS community members go through   as they acquire and exchange skills. These representations are referred   to as a-priori learning models. They are Petri net-like workflow nets   (WF-net) that provide a visual representation of the learning process as   it is expected to occur. These models are representations of a learning   framework or paradigm in FLOSS communities. As such, the credibility of   any models is estimated through a process of model verification and   validation. Therefore in this paper, we analyze these models in   comparison with the real behavior captured in FLOSS repositories by   means of conformance verification in process mining. The purpose of our   study is twofold. Firstly, the results of our analysis provide insights   on the possible discrepancies that are observed between the initial   theoretical representations of learning processes and the real behavior   captured in FLOSS event logs, constructed from mailing archives.   Secondly, this comparison helps foster the understanding on how learning   actually takes place in FLOSS environments based on empirical evidence   directly from the data.",10.1007/s10639-017-9573-6
1649,Article,Analysing change profiles of open source software projects using burst   detection,"Software evolution refers to the phenomenon of continuous software   change and growth after its initial development. A version control   system records all information about these changes. Several research   studies in the past have studied the historical records of changes of   open source software (OSS) projects and found them useful for   understanding the software evolution process. However, most of them   investigate the distributions of changes types, change size, and change   effort in an isolated manner. There is no work, to the best of our   knowledge, which takes a combined view of various dimensions of a   change. This study examines the change activity in 106 OSS projects from   three points of view: change purpose (type), change size, and change   effort. The common patterns in change type, change size, and change   effort are highlighted using the burst detection technique. The burst   detection technique helps in identifying the peaks in the time series   and compares them with the peaks of other time series. The results   indicate that the change-type activity of OSS projects is significantly   related with change effort, and change size for high and   moderate-activity clusters. Though for low-activity cluster, this   commonality of patterns is not there for all types of changes.",10.1049/iet-sen.2016.0130
1650,InProceedings,Analysing the Quality Evolution of Open Source Software Projects,"Reuse of software components depends on different aspects of software   artifacts. In particular, software quality should be taken into account   before considering an open source software for being adopted in an   operative context. In this direction, this paper presents a study aimed   at assessing the quality of open source software projects along the   software project history. The study entails the gathering and analysis   of relevant information of some open source projects. The analysis of   the considered software projects required the evaluation of the quality   of the software products, their attractiveness and community   trustworthiness. The related trends are presented as results.",10.1007/978-3-319-49421-0\\_9
1651,InProceedings,Application for Monitoring Primary Energy Resources Based on Open Source   Software,"In the project a monitoring system where a study or analysis of the   quantity, availability and performance of the primary energy resource is   made, for which a monitoring system of primary energy resources   developed in the General campus Guillermo Rodriguez Lara is implemented   of the Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, for which   sophisticated equipment that capture the signals of environmental   variables is used, the objective is to develop a software-based open   source handling such information application, and allows obtaining and   storing environmental data, to conduct an analysis of them favoring   decision-making, incorporating them into a web platform, the application   also calculates the energy produced the day before, thus achieving   construct an assessment tool parameters for future projects, which serve   the information obtained in the feasibility analysis to implement   projects related to renewable energy, thus contributing to energy   development.",NA
1652,InProceedings,Are One-Time Contributors Different? A Comparison to Core and Periphery   Developers in FLOSS Repositories,"Context: Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities consist of   different types of contributors. Core contributors and peripheral   contributors work together to create a successful project, each playing   a different role. One-Time Contributors (OTCs), who are on the very   fringe of the peripheral developers, are largely unstudied despite   offering unique insights into the development process. In a prior   survey, we identified OTCs and discovered their motivations and   barriers. Aims: The objective of this study is to corroborate the survey   results and provide a better understand of OTCs. We compare OTCs to   other peripheral and core contributors to determine whether they are   distinct. Method: We mined data from the same code-review repository   used to identify survey respondents in our previous study. After   identifying each contributor as core, periphery, or OTC, we compared   them in terms of patch size, time interval from submission to decision,   the nature of their conversations, and patch acceptance rates. Results:   We identified a continuum between core developers and OTCs. OTCs create   smaller patches, face longer time intervals between patch submission and   rejection, have longer review conversations, and face lower patch   acceptance rates. Conversely, core contributors create larger patches,   face shorter time intervals for feedback, have shorter review   conversations, and have patches accepted at the highest rate. The   peripheral developers fall in between the OTCs and the core   contributors. Conclusion: OTCs do, in fact, face the barriers identified   in our prior survey. They represent a distinct group of contributors   compared to core and peripheral developers.",10.1109/ESEM.2017.7
1655,Article,Assessment of the successfulness of mangrove plantation program through   the use of open source software and freely available satellite images,"Mangrove forest has a major role in the process of human-environment   interaction, but almost every mangrove forest in the world is under   threat. In Indonesia alone, 25\\% of South East Asia's mangroves are at a   risk. The continued decline in mangrove forest induced by anthropogenic   activity has made all the stakeholders who have the concern at the   mangrove forest preservation worried, including the government. There   were several programs have been performed by the government to preserve   the mangrove forest. One of the programs was ``Mangrove Rehabilitation   Program in three districts: Ciamis, Indramayu, and Subang{''} held by   Forestry Department of West Java Province in 2007. The aims of this   study were to assess the changes in mangrove forest area before the   program performed and to evaluate the successfulness of the program,   using the increasing of mangrove forest area as a parameter. This study   was conducted only in Subang and Indramayu Districts of West Java,   Indonesia. The assessment was conducted using Landsat 4-5 TM, Landsat 7   ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI acquired in 1996, 2006, and 2016 respectively.   For each image, a supervised classification method was performed using   open source GRASS GIS software. The resulting maps were then compared to   quantify the changes. Field work activity conducted and confirmed the   changes that occurred in the study areas. Our study shows that all of   the two districts exhibit successfulness of the plantation program.   Ground truth survey confirmed that the successfulness of the plantation   program is due to the participation of communities in the area of study.   This study also shows that by using open source software and freely   available satellite images, the fast, robust, and reliable data as an   initial step to monitor both short-term and long-term plantation program   can be collected effectively and inexpensively.",10.13057/nusbiosci/n090303
1657,InProceedings,Automated Evaluation of Sperm Membrane Structural Integrity using Open   Source Software,"Assisted reproductive techniques like, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF),   Infra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and Intracytoplasmic   morphologically- selected sperm injection (IMSI). Live sperm is   necessary to maximize the chances of fertilization. Using sperm vitality   analysis we can achieve fertilization with very few spermatozoa. By   combining good sperm preparation techniques with sperm vitality   analysis, it is possible to optimize the results, as well as number of   opportunities for conception. In this paper we developed a MACRO on   IMAGEJ platform which will identify live and dead sperms. And results   are compared with visual method.",NA
1658,Article,Automating the license compatibility process in open source software   with SPDX,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) promotes software reuse and   distribution at different levels for both creator and users, but at the   same time imposes some challenges in terms of FOSS licenses that can be   selected and combined. The main problem linked to this selection is the   presence of a large set of licenses that define different rights and   obligations in software use. The problem becomes more evident in cases   of complex combinations of software that carries different - often   conflicting - licenses. In this paper we are presenting our work on   automating license compatibility by proposing a process that examines   the structure of Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) for license   compatibility issues assisting in their correct use and combination. We   are offering the possibility to detect license violations in existing   software projects and make suggestions on appropriate combinations of   different software packages. We are also elaborating on the complexity   and ambiguity of licensing detection in software products through   representative case studies. Our work constitutes a useful process   towards automating the analysis of software systems in terms of license   use and compatibilities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.064
1659,Article,AxonPacking: An Open-Source Software to Simulate Arrangements of Axons   in White Matter,"Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide parameters   that describe white matter microstructure, such as the fiber volume   fraction (FVF), the myelin volume fraction (MVF) or the axon volume   fraction (AVF) via the fraction of restricted water (fr). While already   being used for clinical application, the complex interplay between these   parameters requires thorough validation via simulations. These   simulations required a realistic, controlled and adaptable model of the   white matter axons with the surrounding myelin sheath. While there   already exist useful algorithms to perform this task, none of them   combine optimisation of axon packing, presence of myelin sheath and   availability as free and open source software. Here, we introduce a   novel disk packing algorithm that addresses these issues. The   performance of the algorithm is tested in term of reproducibility over   50 runs, resulting density, and stability over iterations. This tool was   then used to derive multiple values of FVF and to study the impact of   this parameter on fr and MVF in light of the known microstructure based   on histology sample. The standard deviation of the axon density over   runs was lower than 10(-3) and the expected hexagonal packing for   monodisperse disks was obtained with a density close to the optimal   density (obtained: 0.892, theoretical: 0.907). Using an FVF ranging   within {[}0.58, 0.82] and a mean inter-axon gap ranging within {[}0.1,   1.1] mu m, MVF ranged within {[}0.32, 0.44] and fr ranged within   {[}0.39, 0.71], which is consistent with the histology. The proposed   algorithm is implemented in the open-source software AxonPacking   (hups://github.comineuropoly/ axonpacking) and can be useful for   validating diffusion models as well as for enabling researchers to study   the interplay between microstructure parameters when evaluating qMRI   methods.",10.3389/fninf.2017.00005
1660,InProceedings,BUILDING A GEOGRAPHIC DATA REPOSITORY FOR URBAN RESEARCH WITH FREE   SOFTWARE - LEARNING FROM Observatorio.CEDEUS.cl,"The recent trend towards open data and open science as well as a demand   for holistic and interdisciplinary research requires platforms that   allow the distribution and exchange of research data, including   geographic information. While the requirements and benefits of data   exchange are widely discussed, there are few proposals on how to   implement data platforms that not only permit the exchange of research   data among researchers, but also permit to distribute research results   and data to the interest public. We elaborate what points are important   for implementing a (geographic) data repository and propose then to   adopt the concept of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) as a solution   for the implementation of research data repositories. We present as a   case study the geographic data and document repository of the Chilean   research Centre on Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS), the CEDEUS   Observatory. Besides the infrastructure to host and distribute data,   communication tools are an important component of such a data repository   service. For this case study we analyse which things have worked well   and which things have not worked well based on the experiences collected   during three years of operation. We close with some recommendations for   the implementation of data repositories for research.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-147-2017
1661,Article,Beta Phase Communities: Open Source Software as Gift Economy,"In this paper, I discuss how gift economy tenets exist within capitalist   systems and in what ways the alternative logic of gift economies could   be used within capitalist firms to create a more fair economy overall,   citing open source software within the technology sector as one example.   To do this, I begin by striking a dialectic between John Milbank's   theological and David Graeber's anthropological conceptions of gift   economies, illuminating crucial aspects of each to uncover what   alternative economic principles are applicable to standard capitalist   economic ideologies.   I then turn to a practical application of where these gift economy   ideologies are already being utilized to a degree, arguing specifically   that open source software provides an alternative economic logic for   countless members of the technology sector. On a broad level, I hope to   show that capitalism provides the means to alter itself within its own   ethos, as certain economic ideologies like gift economies - could   potentially assuage those economic models that contribute to economic   inequality. By accentuating these alternative logics within technology   firms, they can be expanded and made more substantial, subsequently   altering capitalism from the inside out.",10.1179/1462317X15Z.000000000146
1662,InProceedings,Boundary Spanners in Open Source Software Development A Study of Python   Email Archives,"In many open source software development communities, a significant   proportion of development is undertaken by a relatively small number of   individuals, the ``core members{''}. The stability and longevity of this   group of most active developers are crucial for the success of the   project. While there has been prior work on identifying key individuals   in open source development, little attention has been devoted to the   identification of cross-cutting core individuals (boundary spanners)   whose responsibilities span across different functional areas of open   source development (e.g., who are involved both in development-centric   activities and user-centric activities). To address this gap, we propose   an approach to identify the core cross-cutting members and their roles   within the community through analyzing email communication repositories.   We use Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools to identify the most active   core members in different forums (that have different focus such as   Python-dev that focuses on language evolution and Python Lists that   focus on user support), and their activities over time, thus identifying   the core developers and their involvement in different community mailing   lists. Based on the involvement of a core developer and the overall   social structure of the network of core developers, we also present an   approach for identifying a potential replacement for a community   administrator that steps down. Using email repositories of six main   Python forums as the case study domain, we computed several social   network analysis metrics to characterize the core developers and their   importance in the Python community.",10.1109/APSEC.2017.37
1664,Article,Can FOSS projects benefit from integrating Kanban: a case study,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Agile Software Development   (ASD) have both been recognized as important software development   methods; they have many success stories and share some similarities.   However, there is a lack of research regarding the comprehensive   integration of the two. This work presents a single case of a hybrid   student FOSS project where ASD and FOSS were combined and reports if   this combination benefits the contributors. We conducted Action Research   (AR) with one sub-team of a large hybrid student FOSS project, and   performed three AR cycles based on the Kanban method. The Kanban   practices visualize the workflow, make policies explicit and implement   feedback loops were examined during the AR cycles. They are discussed in   detail in this paper, which has two main contributions: first, it   describes a real world situation, where Kanban is applied to a hybrid   student FOSS project, and second, it determines that the combination is   experienced as beneficial by contributors. Study participants report a   positive effect on communication with other teams and stakeholders due   to the use of the Kanban and regard their time acquiring knowledge about   Kanban practices as well spent.",10.1186/s13174-017-0058-z
1665,InProceedings,"Capabilities of an Open-Source Software, Elmer FEM, in Finite Element   Analysis of Fluid Flow","Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to model fluid flow   and optimize industrial processes. The main obstacle to implement these   methods to small businesses might be the price of commercial software.   However, many cases do not necessarily require state-of-the-art   algorithms and use of open-source software might be the best solution.   The aim of the article was to study and present the capabilities of a   solver Elmer FEM. Meshes were generated with Gmsh software and data   visualization was done with the use of application ParaView, all of   which are open-source software. The chosen software satisfied criteria   of being simple to learn, being compatible with widely used file formats   and having an active community. What is more, it allows the user to   solve multiphysics problems. The object of simulations was a prototype   of a graphene flow meter, developed by Industrial Research Institute for   Automation and Measurements. The article focused on a key issue in most   of the CFD simulations, which is turbulence modelling. Both RANS-based   and Large Eddy Simulation models were tested. The process of setting up   simulations and its results are presented.",10.1007/978-3-319-48923-0\\_16
1666,Article,Celeris: A GPU-accelerated open source software with a Boussinesq-type   wave solver for real-time interactive simulation and visualization,"In this paper, we introduce an interactive coastal wave simulation and   visualization software, called Celeris. Celeris is an open source   software which needs minimum preparation to run on a Windows machine.   The software solves the extended Boussinesq equations using a hybrid   finite volume finite difference method and supports moving shoreline   boundaries. The simulation and visualization are performed on the GPU   using Direct3D libraries, which enables the software to run faster than   real-time. Celeris provides a first-of-its-kind interactive modeling   platform for coastal wave applications and it supports simultaneous   visualization with both photorealistic and colormapped rendering   capabilities. We validate our software through comparison with three   standard benchmarks for non-breaking and breaking waves.   Program summary   Program title: Celeris   Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/5djwvf5x5k.1   Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3 (GPL)   Programming language: C++, HLSL   Nature of problem: Boussinesq-type models provide the research-level   accuracy needed for modeling wave propagation in coastal zones. However   the current models, both commercial and open source, do not provide   means for real-time computation, nor provide model interactivity and   concurrent visualization. In order to achieve a real-time simulation   speed in current parallelized models, dozens to hundreds of CPU cores   are needed. Celeris is an interactive software which provides faster   than real-time simulation and visualization speed on an average user   laptop. The novelty of this software is its interactive environment,   which allows the user to modify the model and field parameters as the   model is running, and to see the effect of these changes immediately.   Solution method: A hybrid finite volume-finite difference scheme is used   to solve the extended Boussinesq equations. The solver is parallelized   using shader programming with Direct3D libraries. Visualization is also   performed with the same libraries. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2017.03.002
1667,Article,Challenges of Implementing Free and Open Source Software (FOSS):   Evidence from the Indian Educational Setting,"The use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), a subset of Information   and Communication Technology (ICT), can reduce the cost of purchasing   software. Despite the benefit in the initial purchase price of software,   deploying software requires total cost that goes beyond the initial   purchase price. Total cost is a silent issue of FOSS and can only be   evaluated in the particular environment in which it is adopted, in this   case Kerala, India, fora state-level FOSS project called IT@School. This   project is one of the largest deployments of free open source software   FOSS-based ICT education in the world and impacts 6 million students and   200,000 teachers every year. This study analyzes the perception of 43   senior FOSS implementation project officials. It details how FOSS was   introduced and reports on major challenges and how those challenges were   overcome in a secondary educational setting in India. Email interviews,   document analysis, and online case studies were used to collect the   data. The lack of adequate resources to train the teachers was the   single biggest challenge in the adoption of FOSS. The emerging   strategies for efficient FOSS implementation could be used in other   states in India and in other developing countries.",NA
1668,Article,Changes in free and open source software licenses: managerial   interventions and variations on project attractiveness,"The license adopted by an open source software is associated with its   success in terms of attractiveness and maintenance of an active   ecosystem of users, bug reporters, developers, and sponsors because what   can and cannot be done with the software and its derivatives in terms of   improvement and market distribution depends on legal terms there   specified. By knowing this licensing effect through scientific   publications and their experience, project managers became able to act   strategically, loosening up the restrictions associated with their   source code due to sponsor interests, for example; or the contrary,   tightening restrictions up to guarantee source code openness, adhering   to the ``forever free{''} strategy. But, have project managers behaved   strategically like that, changing their projects license? Up to this   paper, we did not know if and what types of changes in these legal   allowances project managers have made and, more importantly, whether   such managerial interventions are associated with variations in   intervened project attractiveness (i.e., related to their numbers of web   hits, downloads and members). This paper accomplishes these two goals   and demonstrates that: 1) managers of free and open source software   projects do change the distribution rights of their source code through   a change in the (group of) license(s) adopted; and 2) variations in   attractiveness are associated with the strategic choice of a licensing   schema. To reach these conclusions, a unique dataset of open source   projects that have changed license was assembled in a comparative form,   analyzing intervened projects over its monthly periods of different   licenses. Based on a sample of more than 3500 active projects over 44   months obtained from the FLOSSmole repository of Sourceforge.net, 756   projects that had changed their source code distribution allowances and   restrictions were identified and analyzed. A dataset on these projects'   type of changes was assembled to enable a descriptive and exploratory   analysis of the types of license interventions observed over a period of   almost four years anchored on projects' attractiveness. More than 35   types of interventions were detected. The results indicate that   variations in attractiveness after a license intervention are not   symmetric; that is, if a change from license schema A to B is beneficial   to attractiveness, a change from B to A is not necessarily prejudicial.   This and other interesting findings are discussed in detail. In general,   the results here reported support the current literature knowledge that   the restrictions imposed by the license on the source code distribution   are associated with market success vis-a-vis project attractiveness, but   they also suggest that the state-of-the-science is superficial in terms   of what is known about why these differences in attractiveness can be   observed. The complexity of the results indicates to free software   managers that no licensing schema should be seen as the right one, and   its choice should be carefully made, considering project strategic goals   as perceived relevant to stakeholders of the application and its   production. These conclusions create awareness of several limitations of   our current knowledge, which are discussed along with guidelines to   understand them deeper in future research endeavors.",10.1186/s13174-017-0062-3
1670,Article,Characterizing Individualized Coding Contributions of OSS Developers   from Topic Perspective,"Developers participating in an open source software (OSS) project make   contributions to the project at different levels and aspects. Their   underlying technical interests, expertise, and working habits are   indirectly delineated by their personal contributions. This paper is to   discover the individualized contribution features of developers by   latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) approach. Dominant latent topics of   each developer and the corresponding topic coverage degree are extracted   from the source codes committed to the project repository, and such   topic model is validated to be feasible for representing the   individualized contribution features by statistics tests. Four types of   topic evolution patterns are observed from the commit history of a   developer. Temporal locality is partially exhibited in the topic   evolution but there usually exhibit drastic changes between   time-adjacent contributions of a developer. Respective proportions of   the four evolution patterns and the degree of temporal locality in the   topic evolution delineate a developer's individualized working habits in   the time dimension. It is also proved that the correlation among the   topic models of different developers is not equivalent to the real   social collaborations among them. The outcome of this study would help   OSS project coordinators get deep understanding on the work preferences   and behavioral patterns of team members, thus facilitate project   coordination activities such as task allocations.",10.1142/S021819401750005X
1671,Article,CoRain: A free and open source software for rain series comparison,"A good climatic analysis requires accurate and homogeneous daily   precipitation series; unluckily, inhomogeneity is frequently found and   have to be considered, especially when it is due to non-climatic   parameters. CoRain is a free and open source software written in R   language that could greatly help analyzing inhomogeneity caused by   rainfall measuring instruments. CoRain compares two parallel rain series   (with an overlapping period) and tries to highlight overestimations and   underestimations due to rain gauges in a specific condition, so that the   user can consider it for future analysis. CoRain offers many information   on the two analyzed series, starting with cleaning input data, comparing   them and classifying rainy days by severity. CoRain is a cross-platform   software, easily adaptable to different needs, that takes in input a   single text file with daily information of the two rain series and   outputs tables (in CSV format) and plots (as PNG images) that help in   the interpretation of the data. Use of the program is very simple: the   execution can be either interactive or non-interactive. CoRain code has   been tested on different rain series in the Piedmont region   (northwestern Italy), showing its importance in identifying climate   variations and instrumentation errors.",10.1007/s12145-017-0301-y
1672,InProceedings,Community Engagement with Free and Open Source Software,"A common refrain from Senior Exit Surveys and Alumni Surveys is the desire to work on ""real-world,"" ""practical"" and ""hands-on"" projects using industry-ready tools and development environments. To assuage this, institutions have moved towards adopting Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) as an avenue to provide meaningful, applied learning interventions to students. Through these experiences, students benefit from engagement with various communities including: the community of contributors to the FOSS project; the community of local software developers; the community of citizens who reside in the local area; the community of students at their institution and others; and, the community of people impacted by the FOSS project. These engagements motivate students, enhance their communication and technical skills, allow them to grow and become more confident, help them form professional networks, and provide the ""real-world"" projects they seek. In this panel, we will discuss our experiences in engaging students with five different types of communities as part of incorporating FOSS into our courses, focusing on how other educators can provide the same benefits to their students as well. In order to satisfy the time constraints of the panel, the last two authors will present together.",10.1145/3017680.3017682
1674,InProceedings,Comparing Remote and Co-located Interaction in Free and Open Source   Software Engineering Projects,"By working on open source software projects, software engineering   students can benefit from working on more realistic products than   traditional, educational programming assignments. However, careers in   software engineering demand learning how to work within a professional   environment and how to follow software development processes. We studied   the impact of students' interactions with external collaborators on open   source projects and found many similar outcomes between those who   communicated remotely and those who communicated face-to-face. However,   we also discovered that face-to-face interactions with local software   professionals following the Localized Free and Open Source (LFOSS) model   had particular advantages in teaching Agile methods, holding students   accountable, and introducing professional networking opportunities.",10.1145/3059009.3059019
1676,Article,Construction and utilization of problem-solving knowledge in open source   software environments,"Open Source Software (OSS) has become an important environment where   developers can share reusable software assets in a collaborative manner.   Although developers can find useful software assets to reuse in the OSS   environment, they may face difficulties in finding solutions to problems   that occur while integrating the assets with their own software. In OSS,   sharing the experiences of solving similar problems among developers   usually plays an important role in reducing problem-solving efforts. We   analyzed how developers interact with each other to solve problems in   OSS, and found that there is a common pattern of exchanging information   about symptoms and causes of a problem. In particular, we found that   many problems involve multiple symptoms and causes and it is critical to   identify those symptoms and causes early to solve the problems more   efficiently. We developed a Bayesian network based approach to   semiautomatically construct a knowledge base for dealing with problems,   and to recommend potential causes of a problem based on multiple   symptoms reported in OSS. Our experiments showed that the approach is   effective to recommend the core causes of a problem, and contributes to   solving the problem in an efficient manner. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.062
1677,Article,Continued Voluntary Participation Intention in Firm-Participating Open   Source Software Projects,"Firm participation in open source software (OSS) development is a   noteworthy phenomenon and includes two types of firm-participating OSS   projects: community founded (developed from an open project) and spinout   (spun out from an information technology firm's internal project). OSS   project leaders implement quality controls to improve the quality of   developed products. They may not be aware that their implementation of   quality controls produces a side effect-quality controls signal   unobservable project quality to volunteers and promote volunteers'   continued participation intentions (VCPI). We focus on two quality   controls-accreditation and code acceptance, which, respectively, map to   the input and output quality of an OSS project-and compare their   respective effects on VCPI in community-founded and spinout projects. We   propose that accreditation and code acceptance influence VCPI by   signaling unobservable input and output quality to volunteers. As we   focus on continued participation, we theorize as to how volunteers'   tenure in OSS projects moderates the relationships between the signaling   effects of input and output quality controls and VCPI. Furthermore, we   theorize as to how the OSS project type moderates the effects of quality   controls on VCPI. We surveyed 304 volunteers from 40 OSS projects and   constructed a two-level model of project and developer factors to   explain VCPI. Our findings indicate that both accreditation and code   acceptance enhance VCPI. The signaling effects on VCPI associated with   accreditation decline with volunteer tenure, but those associated with   code acceptance do not. Accreditation and code acceptance influence   VCPI, with community-founded projects exhibitingweaker direct positive   effects and spinout projects exhibiting stronger direct positive   effects. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these   findings.",10.1287/isre.2016.0687
1678,Article,Converging free and open source software tools for knowledge sharing in   smallholder agricultural communities in Sri Lanka,"In a world where the notion of `sharing of knowledge' has gained much   prominence in the recent past, the importance of information and   communications technologies (ICTs) to promote sustainable agriculture,   especially when combined with mobile and open source software   technologies is discussed critically. On this rationale, this study was   carried out to explore the applicability of the concept of converging   `Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)' to promote sustainable knowledge   sharing amongst the agricultural communities in Sri Lanka. A multi-stage   community consultative process with a set of designated officials   ({''}Sponsors{''}) and a series of semi-structured questionnaire survey   with a cross section of smallholder agriculture farmers (n=246), were   carried out in the Batticaloa, Kurunegala and Puttalam districts to   gather the baseline data. This was followed by a number of field   experiments ({''}Campaigns{''}) with the farmers (n=340) from same   geographical areas. The two FOSS, namely: (1) ``FrontlineSMS{''} for   `Text Messaging' and (2) ``FreedomFone{''} for `Interactive Voice   Responses', were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of knowledge   sharing within the farming communities. It was found that FOSS   intervention increases the `Text messaging' and `Voice Call' usage in   day-to-day agricultural communication by 26 and 8 percent, respectively.   The demographic factors like age and educational level of the farmers   have a positive influence on the knowledge sharing process. And also the   `Mobile Telephony' was the most extensive mode of communication within   the communities. The outcome of analysis, as a whole, implies that, with   a fitting mechanism in place, this approach can be promoted as a ``drive   for positive changes{''} in agriculture-based rural communities in   developing countries like Sri Lanka, and those in South and East Asia   with similar socioeconomic and cultural perspectives.",10.12895/jaeid.20172.649
1680,InProceedings,Coopetition of Software Firms in Open Source Software Ecosystems,"Software firms participate in an ecosystem as a part of their innovation   strategy to extend value creation beyond the firm's boundary.   Participation in an open and independent environment also implies the   competition among firms with similar business models and targeted   markets. Hence, firms need to consider potential opportunities and   challenges upfront. This study explores how software firms interact with   others in OSS ecosystems from a coopetition perspective. We performed a   quantitative and qualitative analysis of three OSS projects. Finding   shows that software firms emphasize the co-creation of common value and   partly react to the potential competitiveness on OSS ecosystems. Six   themes about coopetition were identified, including spanning   gatekeepers, securing communication, open-core sourcing and filtering   shared code. Our work contributes to software engineering research with   a rich description of coopetition in OSS ecosystems. Moreover, we also   come up with several implications for software firms in pursing a   harmony participation in OSS ecosystems.",10.1007/978-3-319-69191-6\\_10
1681,Article,Core-periphery communication and the success of free/libre open source   software projects,"We examine the relationship between communications by core and   peripheral members and Free/Libre Open Source Software project success.   The study uses data from 74 projects in the Apache Software Foundation   Incubator. We conceptualize project success in terms of success building   a community, as assessed by graduation from the Incubator. We compare   successful and unsuccessful projects on volume of communication and on   use of inclusive pronouns as an indication of efforts to create intimacy   among team members. An innovation of the paper is that use of inclusive   pronouns is measured using natural language processing techniques. We   also compare the volume and content of communication produced by core   (committer) and peripheral members and by those peripheral members who   are later elected to be core members. We find that volume of   communication is related to project success but use of inclusive   pronouns does not distinguish successful projects. Core members exhibit   more contribution and use of inclusive pronouns than peripheral members.",10.1186/s13174-017-0061-4
1683,Article,Deliberate change without hierarchical influence? The case of   collaborative OSS communities,"Purpose - This paper aims to present that deliberate change is strongly   associated with formal structures and top-down influence. Hierarchical   configurations have been used to structure processes, overcome   resistance and get things done. But is deliberate change also possible   without formal structures and hierarchical influence?   Design/methodology/approach - This longitudinal, qualitative study   investigates an open-source software (OSS) community named TYPO3. This   case exhibits no formal hierarchical attributes. The study is based on   mailing lists, interviews and observations.   Findings - The study reveals that deliberate change is indeed achievable   in a non-hierarchical collaborative OSS community context. However, it   presupposes the presence and active involvement of informal change   agents. The paper identifies and specifies four key drivers for change   agents' influence.   Originality/value - The findings contribute to organisational analysis   by providing a deeper understanding of the importance of leadership in   making deliberate change possible in non-hierarchical settings. It   points to the importance of ``change-by-conviction{''}, essentially   based on voluntary behaviour. This can open the door to reducing the   negative side effects of deliberate change also for hierarchical   organisations.",10.1108/IJOA-08-2016-1050
1685,Article,Developer Role Evolution in Open Source Software Ecosystem: An   Explanatory Study on GNOME,"An open source software (OSS) ecosystem refers to an OSS development   community composed of many software projects and developers contributing   to these projects. The projects and developers co-evolve in an   ecosystem. To keep healthy evolution of such OSS ecosystems, there is a   need of attracting and retaining developers, particularly project   leaders and core developers who have major impact on the project and the   whole team. Therefore, it is important to figure out the factors that   influence developers' chance to evolve into project leaders and core   developers. To identify such factors, we conducted a case study on the   GNOME ecosystem. First, we collected indicators reflecting developers'   subjective willingness to contribute to the project and the project   environment that they stay in. Second, we calculated such indicators   based on the GNOME dataset. Then, we fitted logistic regression models   by taking as independent variables the resulting indicators after   eliminating the most collinear ones, and taking as a dependent variable   the future developer role (the core developer or project leader). The   results showed that part of such indicators (e.g., the total number of   projects that a developer joined) of subjective willingness and project   environment significantly influenced the developers' chance to evolve   into core developers and project leaders. With different validation   methods, our obtained model performs well on predicting developmental   core developers, resulting in stable prediction performance (0.770,   F-value).",10.1007/s11390-017-1728-9
1687,Article,"Developers, Quality Control and Download Volume in Open Source Software   (OSS) Projects","The open-source software (OSS) movement is often analogized as a   commons, where products are developed by and consumed in an open   community. However, does a larger commons automatically beget success or   does the phenomenon fall prey to the tragedy of the commons? This   research forwards and empirically investigates the curvilinear   relationship between developers and OSS project quality and a project's   download volume. Using segmented regression on over 12,000 SourceForge   OSS projects, findings suggest an inflection point in the number of   contributing developers on download volume - suggesting increasing and   diminishing returns to scale from adding developers to OSS projects.   Findings support the economic principle of the tragedy of the commons, a   concept where an over-allocated (large number) of developers, even in an   open-source environment, can lead to resource mismanagement and reduce   the benefit of a public good, i.e. the OSS project.",10.4018/JOEUC.2017040103
1691,Article,Development of a virtual space in Kichwa for the learning of office with   free software,"In the last decades, Tics have acquired a special importance in the   educational field, being considered as one of the transversal axes in   the educational process, contributing directly to the involvement of   students in the learning process through virtual environments. The aim   of the present research is to determine the optimal characteristics of a   virtual free online learning environment in Kichwa. From the applied   point of view, a virtual space is implemented under the ADDIE model for   the free office teaching in Kichwa. For the statistical analysis a   survey is applied, taking as a sample a total of 133 people, of which 25   correspond to teachers and 108 to students from the Millennium School of   Kisapincha Pueblo Tungurahua in Ecuador. From a temporary point of view,   the year 2015 is taken as a reference. The results suggest that   multimedia content generates greater interest in students in the free   office learning process in Kichwa. The main conclusions reveal that the   characteristics of usability, content quality and multimedia material   are more relevant in the development of virtual learning spaces.",NA
1692,Article,Empirical analysis of search based algorithms to identify change prone   classes of open source software,"There are numerous reasons leading to change in software such as   changing requirements, changing technology, increasing customer demands,   fixing of defects etc. Thus, identifying and analyzing the change-prone   classes of the software during software evolution is gaining wide   importance in the field of software engineering. This would help   software developers to judiciously allocate the resources used for   testing and maintenance. Software metrics can be used for constructing   various classification models which can be used for timely   identification of change prone classes. Search based algorithms which   form a subset of machine learning algorithms can be utilized for   constructing prediction models to identify change prone classes of   software. Search based algorithms use a fitness function to find the   best optimal solution among all the possible solutions. In this work, we   analyze the effectiveness of hybridized search based algorithms for   change prediction. In other words, the aim of this work is to find   whether search based algorithms are capable for accurate model   construction to predict change prone classes. We have also constructed   models using machine learning techniques and compared the performance of   these models with the models constructed using Search Based Algorithms.   The validation is carried out on two open source Apache projects, Rave   and Commons Math. The results prove the effectiveness of hybridized   search based algorithms in predicting change prone classes of software.   Thus, they can be utilized by the software developers to produce an   efficient and better developed software. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cl.2016.10.001
1693,Article,Endografting under Assistance of Transapical Body Floss   Through-and-Through Wiring Technique and Rapid Ventricular Pacing for an   Ascending Aortic Tuberculous Pseudoaneurysm,"Background: To demonstrate an ascending aortic tuberculosis   pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with endografts under assistance of   trans-apical body floss wiring technique and rapid ventricular pacing   support.   Method and Result: A 77-year-old woman with a non-healing anteromedial   chest wound presented with sudden hypotension and hemoptysis. The   computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 9-cm-diameter pseudoaneurysm of   ascending aorta, with sternal erosion close to the wound. Conventional   open repair was not preferred due to possible contamination of   interposition graft and difficult sternum closure. The feasibility of   endografting was confirmed based on appropriate landing zones. After   endografts modification at back table, we made a left minithoracotomy   and establish a through-and-through body floss wire from left   ventricular apex to femoral artery. Retrograde delivery over this wire   from femoral artery to ascending aorta and deployment of endografts   under rapid ventricular pacing support were performed smoothly. Final   angiography showed no endoleaks with patent coronary and arch vessels.   Further wound debridement was done at the same time and wound culture   yielded tuberculosis. After completing anti-tuberculosis therapy, no   recurrent infection occurred. Postoperative 6-month CT scan disclosed   optimal result.   Conclusion: With adequate landing zones and delicate surgical strategy,   endografting with anti-tuberculosis therapy may be an alternative   treatment for ascending aortic tuberculosis pseudoaneurysm.",10.1016/j.avsg.2017.07.026
1694,InProceedings,Estimating Reliability for OSS: An approach with Change-point in   Operational Phase,"Software reliability growth models (SRGMs) proposed on the foundations   of Non-Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP) have been the most accepted way   to analyze reliability growth of a software since 1970's. Henceforth,   Literature witnesses the evolution of SRGMs in terms of different   assumptions, parameters, performance etc. This study is an attempt to   model reliability growth phenomenon for Open Source Software (OSS). As   the development process followed by OSS significantly differs from   proprietary software, traditional software engineering SDLC models can't   be followed for its development. OSS development procedure does not   incorporate a dedicated testing phase and therefore negligible effort   expenditure is done on testing of software prior its release. The volume   of volunteer participation in its operational phase thus becomes a   significant criterion in the representation of its reliability growth.   Also, the impact of sudden changes in fault detection process   (change-point) due to several reasons like variations in fault density,   irregular team size, volunteer expertise etc is captured in proposed   SRGM. This paper suggests a reliability model based on user growth with   the concept of change point to better cater the heterogeneity in   software failure process. Failure data of GNOME 2.0 is used in this   paper reliability growth analysis. Unknown parameters are estimated   using Least Square Estimation regression technique. Performance   inspection of proposed SRGM is carried out using goodness-of-fit   criteria like Mean square error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination   (R-2), Predictive Ratio Risk (PRR), and Predictive Power (PP). The study   recommends that introduction of the change-point in SRGM improves   prediction capability of the model and hence establishes an evidence of   its applicability.",NA
1695,InProceedings,Evaluation of Firewall Open Source Software,"Computers systems are virtually in every area of our life, but their use   has several risks. This is particularly relevant for small business that   are beginning to resort in informatics systems for all their activities,   and where a breach of security can have catastrophic consequences. Most   risks or security vulnerabilities, besides inadverted errors, originates   from criminal activity, which anonymously thrives on the Web and can   outbreak any organization, mainly for profit but sometimes just for the   challenge of doing it. Consequently, creating and managing a security   system is often the main form of precaution and it is the solution that   guarantees better success rates. In this paper, we are interested in   software with a lower financial cost, therefore our focus is in Free and   Open Source Software. To this end, the following types of security tools   are analyzed: Firewall and Web Applications Firewall (WAF).",10.5220/0006361203560362
1697,Article,Evaluation of the GPR in the bathymetry estimate of a decanting water   treatment plant using the free software ``GPR Bathymetry{''} in the   radargrams analysis,"This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the GPR (Ground   Penetrating Radar) for bathymetric applications in a controlled   environment, as well as evaluate the ``GPR Bathymetry{''} software   designed to bathymetric radargrams analysis. The study was realized in a   decanting water treatment plant (WTP), where has the as-built obtained   with total station, it will be used in validation tests. Was realized   three comparison tests: from points comparisons; from Digital Elevation   Models (DEM) generated from interpolating Top to Raster; and between   volumes calculated from DEMs. In the point comparison, the greatest   difference between averages was 8 cm. For the discrepancies sample   between DEMs, the amplitude was 9 cm, average of 2 cm, estimate accuracy   of 4 cm and RMS equal to 3 cm. In the volumetric comparison, we obtained   the amount of 800.6 m(3) with reference data and 806.4 m(3) with the GPR   data, resulting in a 1\\% difference between models. We conclude that for   a reservoir built in reinforced concrete, depths ranging from 3 to 3.5   meters, the survey of the bottom relief employing a GPR showed promising   results and a DEM with an estimate accuracy of 4 cm and discrepancies   that may reach 9 cm.",10.1590/S1982-21702017000100003
1698,Article,Evolution Prediction and Process Support of OSS Studies: A Systematic   Mapping,"Open source software (OSS) evolution is an important research domain,   and it is continuously getting more and more attention of researchers. A   large number of studies are published on different aspects of OSS   evolution. Different metrics, models, processes and tools are presented   for predicting the evolution of OSS studies. These studies foster   researchers for contemporary and comprehensive review of literature on   OSS evolution prediction. We present a systematic mapping that covers   two contexts of OSS evolution studies conducted so far, i.e., OSS   evolution prediction and OSS evolution process support. We selected 98   primary studies from a large dataset that includes 56 conference, 35   journal and 7 workshop papers. The major focus of this systematic   mapping is to study and analyze metrics, models, methods and tools used   for OSS evolution prediction and evolution process support. We   identified 20 different categories of metrics used by OSS evolution   studies and results show that SLOC metric is largely used. We found 13   different models applied to different areas of evolution prediction and   auto-regressive integrated moving average models are largely used by   researchers. Furthermore, we report 13 different   approaches/methods/tools in existing literature for the evolution   process support that address different aspects of evolution.",10.1007/s13369-017-2556-5
1699,InProceedings,Expert Recommendation in OSS Projects Based on Knowledge Embedding,"Modern Open Source Software (OSS) projects depend on the   globally-distributed and synchronized software development. The online   collaboration promotes more and more developers to join in OSS projects,   while on the other hand, integrating new developers with teams is   challenging and pivotal to the success of a project. In this paper, we   propose a novel expert recommendation method, based on knowledge   embedding, that realizes real-time recommendation for working   developers. To capture structural information of source files in call   graph, we use node2vec algorithm to convert file entities within   projects into knowledge mappings within low-dimensional space, based on   which we further propose four features to capture the work status and   social relationship of developers. We then design a recommender system   using random forest method to recommend appropriate experts for the   developers. Experiments on 20 Apache OSS projects show that, compared   with the baseline methods, our approach behaves significantly better in   terms of a series of performance metrics.",NA
1701,Article,Extraction and structural characterization of cellulose from milkweed   floss,"The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of milkweed   fruit floss residues as a source for the isolation of cellulose.   Cellulose was extracted by acidified sodium chlorite and sodium   hydroxide treatments. Characterization of the pristine milkweed floss   and extracted cellulose was performed by chemical composition analysis,   Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron   microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric   analysis (TGA). The extracted cellulose had mainly a-cellulose as the   other components hemicellulose and lignin were significantly removed   during cellulose extraction process. The FTIR spectra also indicated   that the chemical treatments extensively removed hemicellulose and   lignin from the pristine milkweed floss. SEM technique was used to   investigate the surface morphology of the pristine milkweed floss and   extracted cellulose. The intensity of the crystalline peak in the X-ray   diffractograms of the extracted cellulose was higher than that of   pristine milkweed. Further, the XRD results indicated a structural   transformation of cellulose I (pristine milkweed) to cellulose II   (extracted cellulose) because of the chemical treatments. The extracted   cellulose, which is a high biomass, had better thermal stability than   the pristine milkweed floss owing to removal of non-cellulosic   components.",10.1080/01496395.2017.1374406
1702,InProceedings,EyeRecToo: Open-source Software for Real-time Pervasive Head-mounted Eye   Tracking,"Head-mounted eye tracking offers remarkable opportunities for research   and applications regarding pervasive health monitoring, mental state   inference, and human computer interaction in dynamic scenarios. Although   a plethora of software for the acquisition of eye-tracking data exists,   they often exhibit critical issues when pervasive eye tracking is   considered, e. g., closed source, costly eye tracker hardware   dependencies, and requiring a human supervisor for calibration. In this   paper, we introduce EyeRecToo, an open-source software for real-time   pervasive head-mounted eye-tracking. Out of the box, EyeRecToo offers   multiple real-time state-of-the-art pupil detection and gaze estimation   methods, which can be easily replaced by user implemented algorithms if   desired. A novel calibration method that allows users to calibrate the   system without the assistance of a human supervisor is also integrated.   Moreover, this software supports multiple head-mounted eye-tracking   hardware, records eye and scene videos, and stores pupil and gaze   information, which are also available as a real-time stream. Thus,   EyeRecToo serves as a framework to quickly enable pervasive eye-tracking   research and applications. Available at:   www.ti.uni-tuebingen.de/perception.",10.5220/0006224700960101
1703,InProceedings,FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND RASPBERRY PI 3 COMPUTER IN TEACHING   AND LEARNING THE CODING SKILLS AND ACQUIRING DIGITAL COMPETENCES,"In this paper authors present the results of the research of the   opportunities for teaching and learning the coding skills and acquiring   digital competences in the primary, secondary and higher education using   the computer platform consisting of Raspberry Pi 3 computer, operating   system Raspbian and various desktop and server applications. This   computer platform is special because of its price which is only US\\$ 35   and because of its operating system and applications which are often   free and open source software and often free of charge. The free   software enables its users freedom to run, copy, distribute, study,   change and improve the software.   The authors research and evaluate the possibilities of this computer   platform for teaching and learning using the desktop applications for   coding, mathematics, writing, spreadsheet, database, presenting,   drawing, image and sound editing, web applications, and even for running   the server applications which are applicable in the education such as   content management systems and learning management systems.   The research results show that this computer platform meets all the   necessary minimum requirements for successful teaching and learning the   coding skills and acquiring digital competences.",NA
1704,InProceedings,FREE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES AS AN EXAMPLE OF OPEN COMMUNITIES AND   EDUCATION NETWORKS,"Over the past decade, scientific research has attempted to understand   the success and the spread of communities that have been created and   developed thanks to Internet technology. Education studies have also   analysed the importance of these communities in spreading and sharing   knowledge and educational culture has looked to these organizational   forms for inspiration. At the same time, the link between these   experiences and the development of pedagogical models emerging from   cognitive sciences, systemic theory and the new forms of constructivism,   which have generated a fruitful theory/practice circle, has been   reinforced. The aim of this paper is to analyse the particular type of   organizational, communicative and productive context of Open   Communities: Free Software Communities, to understand how they work,   their efficacy and to show their close link with dynamics and relations   of an educational, formative and didactic type. Learning communities can   still learn strategies of communication, organization and socialization   from these communities, as well as the value of motivation and the   importance of freedom and circulation of knowledge in order to build up   efficient communities. We can also gain the understanding that the   success of these communities depends on the fact that they are   educational communities, therefore education studies can convey values,   models and a culture of sharing to other sectors as well, such as the   one taken into consideration: Free Software Communities. The study has   been conducted with a research methodology of the phenomenological type   thanks to a theoretical study and observation of different free software   communities, visiting websites, chats, wiki pages, forums and other   channels of discussion and collaboration.",NA
1706,InProceedings,FROM OSS CAD TO BIM FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION,"The paper illustrates the use of open source Computer-aided design (CAD)   environments in order to develop Building Information Modelling (BIM)   tools able to manage 3D models in the field of cultural heritage.   Nowadays, the development of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has   been rapidly growing and their use tends to be consolidated. Although   BIM technology is widely known and used, there is a lack of integrated   open source platforms able to support all stages of Historic Building   Information Modelling (HBIM) processes. The present research aims to use   a FOSS CAD environment in order to develop BIM plug-ins which will be   able to import and edit digital representations of cultural heritage   models derived by photogrammetric methods.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-439-2017
1707,Article,Factores implicados en la adopción de software libre en las {Pyme} de {Medellín},"El software de c\\&oacute;digo abierto trae beneficios para las Pyme en econom\\&iacute;as emergentes, como ahorro en costos de adquisici\\&oacute;n, modificaci\\&oacute;n del c\\&oacute;digo fuente, independencia del proveedor, mayor calidad y seguridad del software. El objetivo de este art\\&iacute;culo es identificar los factores de los adoptantes y no adoptantes de software libre y estructurar estrategias que fomenten la adopci\\&oacute;n en las Pyme de la ciudad de Medell\\&iacute;n, a trav\\&eacute;s de una entrevista a gerentes y jefes de las \\&aacute;reas de sistemas. Una de las conclusiones es que la cultura tecnol\\&oacute;gica de la organizaci\\&oacute;n y su infraestructura son factores que determinan la facilidad de su uso. Que la calidad del software es un determinante para percibir la utilidad del software libre y que tanto el apoyo gubernamental como la disponibilidad de personal capacitado en TIC son factores que influyen en la actitud que toma la empresa frente al uso de estas tecnolog\\&iacute;as libres.Alternate abstract: In emerging economies, open source software brings SMEs benefits such as purchase cost savings, source code modification, vendor independence, higher quality and more secure software. The objective of this article is to identify the factors that drive adopters and non-adopters of free software and develop strategies that encourage its adoption at SMEs in Medell\\&iacute;n by means of interviews with CEOs and IT department directors. One of the conclusions is that the technological culture of the organization and its infrastructure are factors that determine the ease of use. Besides, software quality is a decisive element in the perception of the usefulness of free software. Finally, both government support and the availability of ICT-trained personnel are factors that influence the attitude of a company towards the usage of these free technologies.",10.22430/24223182.673
1708,Article,Falcon: a highly flexible open-source software for closed-loop   neuroscience,"Objective. Closed-loop experiments provide unique insights into brain   dynamics and function. To facilitate a wide range of closed-loop   experiments, we created an open-source software platform that enables   high-performance real-time processing of streaming experimental data.   Approach. We wrote Falcon, a C++ multi-threaded software in which the   user can load and execute an arbitrary processing graph. Each node of a   Falcon graph is mapped to a single thread and nodes communicate with   each other through thread-safe buffers. The framework allows for easy   implementation of new processing nodes and data types. Falcon was tested   both on a 32-core and a 4-core workstation. Streaming data was read from   either a commercial acquisition system (Neuralynx) or the open-source   Open Ephys hardware, while closed-loop TTL pulses were generated with a   USB module for digital output. We characterized the round-trip latency   of our Falcon-based closed-loop system, as well as the specific latency   contribution of the software architecture, by testing processing graphs   with up to 32 parallel pipelines and eight serial stages. We finally   deployed Falcon in a task of real-time detection of population bursts   recorded live from the hippocampus of a freely moving rat. Main results.   On Neuralynx hardware, round-trip latency was well below 1 ms and stable   for at least 1 h, while on Open Ephys hardware latencies were below 15   ms. The latency contribution of the software was below 0.5 ms.   Round-trip and software latencies were similar on both 32- and 4-core   workstations. Falcon was used successfully to detect population bursts   online with similar to 40 ms average latency. Significance. Falcon is a   novel open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience. It has   sub-millisecond intrinsic latency and gives the experimenter direct   control of CPU resources. We envisage Falcon to be a useful tool to the   neuroscientific community for implementing a wide variety of closed-loop   experiments, including those requiring use of complex data structures   and real-time execution of computationally intensive algorithms, such as   population neural decoding/encoding from large cell assemblies.",10.1088/1741-2552/aa7526
1711,InCollection,Free and Open Source Software Movements as Agents of an Alternative Use   of Copyright Law,"Digital technology produced a move from a performative model to a   player-as producer paradigm since it has potentiated user-generated   transformative uses of intellectual works. In fact, sharing, sampling,   remixing and creating new derivative content through digital network   collaboration platforms are today pillars of the so-called ``age of   remix{''}. However, when unauthorized, such activities may constitute   copyright infringement since the making available right and the right to   make new derivative works are exclusive rights granted by copyright law.   A restrictive exercise of exclusive rights may hinder the implementation   of online platforms envisioned to facilitate access to knowledge and to   potentiate the creation of new works. The present chapter analyzes the   creation the importance of online communities of practice using   free/open source software licenses like GNU GPL or Creative Commons   Licenses as agents of an alternative and less rigid exercise of the   powers granted by copyright law in favor of a freer system of creation   and dissemination of creative works in the digital world.",10.4018/978-1-5225-2495-3.ch010
1712,InProceedings,Free software in music education: an interdisciplinary practical approach in Primary School,"The ICT are part of our everyday lives1. The teaching-learning processes must transform in order to adapt to our modern times. The education professionals should be experts in edu-communication to take advantage of the new possibilities that the ICT offer in the classroom to train competent citizens in the utilization of media, citizens that who are active, critical and true prosumers [1]. In the area of music education, there are few experiences and materials that can be used to work this subject an interdisciplinary manner within the school context, especially in Spain.This research work brings together the experiences with a group of 22 students from 6th grade of Primary School students from a public Spanish school, working with the subjects of Music and Culture and Digital Practice in an interdisciplinary manner through free music software and by using techniques of data gathering such as the questionnaire and observation of the participants.The results allow for the verification that the use of the ICT in the Music classroom has a positive influence on the development of motivation and academic performance in both subjects, as both the music and digital competencies were re-enforced.",10.1145/3144826.3145428
1713,Article,Governance strategies for open collaboration: Focusing on resource   allocation in open source software development organizations,"With rapid advancements in information and communication technology,   open collaboration has become easier, thereby allowing people to   participate through internet platform. Open source software is one of   the representative examples of open collaboration. In this research, we   examine the antecedents of innovation performance for open source   software development organizations on Github (www.github.com), which is   a leading web service for the open collaborations of developers. From   the perspective of resource allocation, this study investigates   effective governance strategies to allocate developers to multiple   projects within an organization. Overall, we find that the organization   with high performance have a small number of developers to participate   in most projects and most developers to participate in a small number of   projects.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.05.006
1715,Article,Governing open source software through coordination processes,"Governance provides the authoritative framework for coordinating   activities in open source development. Prior studies of open source   governance have largely focused on its changing nature over time. In   this work, we argue that the nature of governance varies across open   source communities, and, in its evolution, multiple traces of authority   may co-exist. We propose that such multiplicity can be understood by   close examination of the authoritative structures embedded in   coordination processes. We collected eight years of data on the   coordination related to version control of the Linux kernel. Drawing on   in-depth qualitative analysis, we investigate how coordination processes   with different authoritative structures come together in the governance   of open source software. We trace four coordination processes   (autocratic clearing, oligarchic recursion, federated self-governance,   and meritocratic idea-testing), each grounded in different authoritative   structures (autocracy, oligarchy, federation, meritocracy) with their   own form of legitimation. We offer a two-fold contribution in this   paper. First, we enhance the open source governance literature by   advancing a new theoretical perspective in which governance is seen as a   configuration of coordination processes. Configurations give   complementary support and are a source of tension and renewal. Second,   we articulate a view on the conceptual relationship between governance   and coordination where these concepts are understood as a duality, both   working together to give rise to efficient and dynamic organizing in   open source.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2017.04.001
1716,InProceedings,Healthcare Analytics and Visualization Using SEMantic Open Source   Software (SEMOSS),"In the past year, 72\\% of Internet users have looked online for health   information, indicating a high demand for online health information.   This project seeks to help satisfy that demand by analyzing health data   and designing a web portal to support patient healthcare decisions. The   portal is powered by SEMantic Open Source Software (SEMOSS), an   end-to-end analytics tool. The project aims to adapt SEMOSS's   capabilities to make healthcare data accessible to the patient   population and healthcare stakeholders. To achieve this goal,   publiclyavailable data about doctors in the state of Virginia and   hospitals across the United States was gathered. Visualizations were   created to answer potential patient questions about doctors, such as   which nearby practitioner has the most experience. Data from the   Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems   (HCAHPS) survey, in conjunction with Census Bureau data, was explored.   The census information facilitated classification of each hospital as   urban or rural based on location. Multiple linear regression and random   forest analysis were used to determine which elements of patient   experience most influence whether a patient would recommend a hospital.   Outputs from the multiple linear regression models indicated that of the   statistically significant predictors, doctor communication and staff   responsiveness most impacted recommendation scores in rural hospitals,   and nurse communication and pain management were the most impactful for   urban hospitals. Random forest analysis indicated that staff   responsiveness and nurse communication were the most important variables   in determining high or low recommendation scores for rural hospitals,   and care transition and nurse communication were the most important   variables for urban hospitals. These results will be used to create   filtering options for the SEMOSS patient portal.",NA
1717,Article,Herding cats in a FOSS ecosystem: a tale of communication and   coordination for release management,"Release management in large-scale software development projects requires   significant communication and coordination. It is particularly   challenging in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) ecosystems, in which   hundreds of loosely connected developers and their projects are   coordinated to release software to a schedule. To better understand this   process and its challenges, we analyzed over two and half years of   communication in the GNOME ecosystem and studied developers'   interactions. Through a case study, we cataloged communication channels,   determined the main channel from which we categorized high level   communication and coordination activities spanning five releases, and   triangulated our results by interviewing ten key developers. We found   that a release schedule, influence (instead of direct control), and   diversity are the main factors that positively impact the release   process in the GNOME ecosystem. We report a set of lessons learned that   encapsulates our understanding of how the Release Management process   function in a FOSS ecosystem, we learned that: (1) ensure that the   release team follows the main communication channels used by developers,   (2) provide a common place for coordination for an ecosystem, (3)   consider including both good technical and social skills in a release   team, (4) aim for a diverse release team, (5) based on lack of power,   lobbying and consensus based management must be followed, (6) help the   release team in the coordination process with a well defined schedule,   and (7) release team work is different from regular software work. Our   results can help organizations build better large-scale teams and show   that research focused on individual projects might miss important parts   of the picture.",10.1186/s13174-017-0063-2
1718,InProceedings,How Does Contributors' Involvement Influence the Build Status of an   Open-Source Software Project?,"The recent introduction of the pull-based development model promoted   agile development practices such as Code Reviews and Continuous   Integration (CI). CI, in particular, is currently a standard development   practice in open source software (OSS) projects. Although it is   well-known that OSS contributors have different involvements (e.g.,   while some developers drive the project, there is a long tail of   peripheral developers), little is known about how the contributor's   degree of participation can influence the build status of an OSS   project. Through TravisTorrent's dataset, we compare the success rates   of builds made by casual and non-casual contributors and what factors on   their contributions may influence the build result. Our results suggest   that there is no representative difference between their build success   (they are similar in 85\\% of the analyzed projects), meaning that being   a casual contributor is not a strong indicator for creating failing   builds. Also, factors like the size of their contributions and the   number of project configurations (jobs) have the potential of impacting   the build success.",10.1109/MSR.2017.32
1719,Article,How do Open Source software companies respond to institutional   pressures? A business model perspective,"Purpose - Open Source software companies (OSSCs) are confronted with   institutional pressures from Open Source software (OSS) communities.   They must find an acceptable balance between the expectations of these   communities and their own business model. However, there are still few   studies that try to analyse the OSSC business models. The purpose of   this paper is to highlight OSSC typical business models by using rich   empirical data.   Design/methodology/approach - The methodology is based on a combination   of quantitative analysis of a sample of 66 OSSCs and qualitative   analysis of three typical situations resulting from that sample.   Findings - The quantitative study enables the authors to highlight three   typical business models. The in-depth study of three typical cases   enables the authors to specify these OSSC business models. The authors   can distinguish four key dimensions: the relationship developed with the   OSS communities, the strategic manoeuvres made, the key resources and   competitive positioning.   Research limitations/implications - The results indicate that it is   possible for firms to accommodate both profit and non-profit logics   using different strategic manoeuvres to position themselves with regard   to the Open Source institutional environment. Such accommodation   requires the development of key resources and the adoption of suitable   competitive positioning. Practical implications - This study allows the   authors to highlight two main practical contributions for OSSCs'   directors. First, the different manoeuvres identified may help them to   ensure coherence between their strategic choices and the business model   chosen. Second, the results can help OSSC founders identify value   creation mechanisms more clearly by analysing four key variables.   Originality/value - This paper provides new insight about OSSCs business   models. It aggregates four dimensions that provide a more   ``fine-grained{''} analysis of business models, while other studies   often emphasise one dimension (usually the regime of appropriability).",10.1108/JEIM-05-2015-0041
1722,Article,Impact evaluation of open source software: an Altmetrics perspective,"With the emergence of Web 2.0, an online platform which encourages   online creation of next generation tools, communication has become a   nigh-indispensable tool for researchers. Allowing them to acquire,   spread, and share research achievements, with a free flow of ideas   online. At present, there are a growing number of studies on   non-traditional evaluation indicators, but there is much fewer research   focused on the software evaluation, especially for open source research   software. What this research focuses on is; with the use of the open   source project `Depsy', this research evaluated and analyzed data   collected from downloads made online through these open source software.   Altmetrics cannot be confined to traditional measurable indicators. That   the importance of the open source software used, and its position in the   online community is itself a strong measure for academic impact and   success, which is all too often overlooked in research. The research can   also conclude that the multiplexing of software online, through the   citation of a citation, ultimately leads to an online peered review   system within the community, effectively developing and maintaining   through open use software itself. Moreover, the benefits of such a   system has only just begun to come to fruition, having a strong impact   on academic research, and predicting research impact.",10.1007/s11192-016-2204-y
1724,InProceedings,Implementation of a Radiology Speech Recognition System for Estonian   using Open Source Software,"Speech recognition has become increasingly popular in radiology   reporting in the last decade. However, developing a speech recognition   system for a new language in a highly specific domain requires a lot of   resources, expert knowledge and skills. Therefore, commercial vendors do   not offer ready-made radiology speech recognition systems for   less-resourced languages.   This paper describes the implementation of a radiology speech   recognition system for Estonian. a language with less than one million   native speakers. The system was developed in partnership with a hospital   that provided a corpus of written reports for language modeling   purposes. Rewrite rules for pre-processing training texts and   postprocessing recognition results were created manually based on a   small parallel corpus created by the hospital's radiologists, using the   Thrax toolkit. Deep neural network based acoustic models were trained   based on 216 hours of out-of-domain data and adapted on 14 hours of   spoken radiology data, using the Kaldi toolkit. The current word error   rate of the system is 5.4\\%. The system is in active use in real   clinical environment.",10.21437/Interepeech.2017-928
1725,Article,"Is there a wage premium for volunteer OSS engagement? - signalling,   learning and noise","Volunteer-based open-source production has become a significant new   model for the organization of software development. Economics often   pictures this phenomenon as a case of signalling: individuals engage in   the volunteer programming of open-source software (OSS) as a   labour-market signal resulting in a wage premium. Yet, this explanation   could so far not be empirically tested. This article fills this gap by   estimating an upper-bound composite wage premium of voluntary OSS   contributions and by separating the potential signalling effect of OSS   engagement from other effects. Although some 70\\% of OSS contributors   believe that OSS involvement benefits their careers, we find no actual   labour-market premium for OSS engagement. The presence of other motives,   such as fun of play or altruism, renders OSS contributions too noisy to   function as a signal.",10.1080/00036846.2016.1218427
1727,Article,KEEL 3.0: An Open Source Software for Multi-Stage Analysis in Data   Mining,"This paper introduces the 3rd major release of the KEEL Software. KEEL   is an open source Java framework (GPLv3 license) that provides a number   of modules to perform a wide variety of data mining tasks. It includes   tools to perform data management, design of multiple kind of   experiments, statistical analyses, etc. This framework also contains   KEEL-dataset, a data repository for multiple learning tasks featuring   data partitions and algorithms' results over these problems. In this   work, we describe the most recent components added to KEEL 3.0,   including new modules for semi-supervised learning, multi-instance   learning, imbalanced classification and subgroup discovery. In addition,   a new interface in R has been incorporated to execute algorithms   included in KEEL. These new features greatly improve the versatility of   KEEL to deal with more modern data mining problems.",NA
1728,Article,"KiCad, free software suite for Electronic Design Automation (EDA) to   Hardware Development","In 1992, Jean-Pierre Charras started a free software suite for   electronic design automation (EDA) called Kicad, the project was begin   to motivate students and teachers in hardware development. This suite   provide all benefits about free software, in their four freedoms, it's   not necessary to pay by license and can be an alternative to proprietary   software tool suite used in universities with high costs. It has been   observed that KiCad developer community by adding new features, allowing   to obtain a suit with enough features to approach complex electronic   systems. This article makes a number of issues that allow to locate and   understand the suit, showing preliminarily as KiCad can serve as a   development environment to create printed circuit boards. It explains a   several developments available under a free license, worked by the   authors of this article, where the Kicad suit was used, thus promoting   ways of working collaboratively traditionally used in free software but   applied to hardware.",NA
1729,Article,Legal aspects of ownership in modified open source software and its   impact on Russian software import substitution policy,"In my previous publication, I tried to show how personal data   legislation might be used for achieving the purposes of national   sovereignty(1). In this paper, I will demonstrate how open source   software may be used for achieving similar purposes. However, the   interplay between local copyright law, public procurement law and open   source community norms creates many issues relating to the legal status   and ownership in modified software, based on open source. This is   especially so in the case of so-called copyleft open source licenses,   where a collision occurs between copyright, as an absolute right   enforceable against the world, and the copyleft provisions of license   agreements, which may be treated as ``rights in personam{''} enforceable   only against the licensee. The exclusive right to derivative software as   an independent object of copyright, may come into conflict with   restrictions inherited from incoming copyleft licenses. This paper   provides an overview and analysis of such problems faced by Russian   software developers, attempting to comply with Russian import   substitution provisions, by using open source components. Although it is   based on Russian law, it may be applicable to other jurisdictions, since   general aspects of copyright law and its interaction with private   international law and contract law drive it. The paper concludes that   the developer of software, containing code licensed under GEL or other   copyleft provisions, receives full exclusive right to the derivative   software and can commercialize it as he sees appropriate, subject only   to possible claims of breach of contract rather than copyright   infringement. This opens wide perspectives for using open source   components regardless of the type of license used as bricks for building   a de-globalized economy and society based on principles of information   sovereignty. (C) 2016 Alexander Savelyev. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.clsr.2016.11.014
1730,InProceedings,MIMO Antenna Performance Assessment Based on Open Source Software   Defined Radio,This paper presents a low-cost measurement method for MIMO antenna   performance assessment based on the open-source OpenAirInterface   initiative. A first measurement is presented with a prototype with 8   antennas at 2.6 GHz integrated into a 140x140x40mm femto cell and using   Laser Direct Structuring (LDS) technique. The setup is validated trough   a beamforming gain measurement in a MISO 4x1 configuration in LTE TDD   mode. We achieved the expected 6 dB beamforming gain between a SISO and   4x1 MISO configuration.,NA
1731,Article,Managing knowledge sharing in distributed innovation from the   perspective of developers: empirical study of open source software   projects in China,"Knowledge sharing is the key factor that influences the performance of   open source software (OSS) projects, which are the representative cases   of distributed innovation. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of   knowledge sharing in OSS projects from the perspective of developers in   China. A quantitative method with the analysis of 403 valid   questionnaires is adopted. A series of hypotheses about how distributed   innovation (independent variables) influences knowledge sharing   (mediating variable) and then affects the performance of OSS projects   (dependent variable) are tested and approved. On the one side, we argue   that developers will actively affect knowledge sharing in terms of   participative motivation, social network and organisational culture. On   the other hand, users may also affect the knowledge sharing when   considering innovation willingness and capacity. It is interesting to   find that social network is the most important factor in Chinese cases.   It is strongly recommended to strengthen the collaboration between   software companies and OSS communities.",10.1080/09537325.2016.1194387
1733,InProceedings,Method of License Compliance of Open Source Software Governance,"When someone use Open Source Software(OSS), an user must obligate the   license which is specified by developer of the OSS. Also, developing and   redistributing software with two or more OSS could lead license   violation. Violator may disclose/modify/rewrite their code, change its   redistribution license, and forgive their patent because of the   violation. Therefore, we suggest the process for governance OSS in   developing software to avoid intellectual property litigation. The main   processes are license file inspection from OSS project files and   automated OSS license compatibility checking.",NA
1734,Article,Network tie structure causing {OSS} group innovation and growth,"Open source software (OSS) development as an inexpensive process to develop software threatens proprietary software business strategies. Providing business strategy to benefit from volunteer developers for the purpose of contributing to existing projects, as well as initiating new OSS projects is of utmost significance for companies in that industry. Therefore, it is important to figure out how groups of volunteer developers are formed as new developers join existing projects, and it is even more important to investigate what causes these developers to initiate new projects. The authors investigate network structure as a causal factor for both new project initiation within a group (representing group innovation) as well as new developers joining existing projects within a group (representing group growth). The authors develop four hypotheses.1. Intra-group coupling has a positive impact on group growth, 2. Inter-group coupling has a positive impact on group innovation, 3. Inter-group structural hole has a positive impact on group innovation, 4. There is a trade-off between the effects of inter-group structural hole and inter-group coupling on group innovation.The authors test these four hypotheses using data from OSS. Developers contributing to project tasks in groups other than their own can explore novel ideas for new project creation, because they can benefit from sharing knowledge, whereas developers contributing to project tasks inside their own group exploit ideas to improve those existing projects with better inside-group search possibility; and this demands more developers to join those group projects.",10.21511/ppm.15(1).2017.01
1735,InProceedings,Objective Video-Based Tremor Assessment for Movement Disorders Using   Open-Source Software,"Tremor is an involuntary rhythmic muscle movement assessed subjectively   by specialists. To improve accuracy and mitigate bias, tremor must be   video recorded and rated by multiple experts. Existing video-based   motion tracking techniques can be applied to quantify tremor assessment;   though, such methods rely on sophisticated and expensive instrumentation   as well as specialized skin markers. This paper describes a low-cost   markerless method using accessible hardware and open-source software. In   a cohort of 8 subjects with tremor undergoing deep brain stimulation   therapy, we show our video-based technique has strong concordance (r =   0.93, p < 0.001) with expert tremor ratings. This makes it suitable for   point-of-care assessment as well as use in future structured clinical   trials.",NA
1736,InProceedings,Open Source Software Ecosystems in Health Sector: A Case Study from Sri   Lanka,"A software ecosystem consists of a software platform, a set of internal   and external developers and domain experts in service to a community of   users that compose relevant solution elements to satisfy their needs.   Open source is well-known for its potential to frame software ecosystems   with its networking tendency and provision for further customization   with access to software source code. Open source is increasingly   becoming the choice for health information system implementations in low   resource settings.   This longitudinal case study was designed to study the research   question, how a software ecosystem is being built around an open source   health information system implementation. Empirically the study was   positioned in a multi-sector initiative identifying and support   nutritionally at-risk households to eliminating malnutrition. The   discussion reveals how new dependencies between health and non-health   sector actors were created with the emerging software ecosystem based on   an open source framework and supplementary custom-built web and mobile   components.",10.1007/978-3-319-59111-7\\_7
1737,Article,Open source software ecosystems: A Systematic mapping,"Context: Open source software (OSS) and software ecosystems (SECOs) are   two consolidated research areas in software engineering. OSS influences   the way organizations develop, acquire, use and commercialize software.   SECOs have emerged as a paradigm to understand dynamics and   heterogeneity in collaborative software development. For this reason,   SECOs appear as a valid instrument to analyze OSS systems. However,   there are few studies that blend both topics together.   Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current state of   the art in OSS ecosystems (OS-SECOs) research, specifically: (a) what   the most relevant definitions related to OSSECOs are; (b) what the   particularities of this type of SECO are; and (c) how the knowledge   about OSSECO is represented.   Method: We conducted a systematic mapping following recommended   practices. We applied automatic and manual searches on different sources   and used a rigorous method to elicit the keywords from the research   questions and selection criteria to retrieve the final papers. As a   result, 82 papers were selected and evaluated. Threats to validity were   identified and mitigated whenever possible.   Results: The analysis allowed us to answer the research questions. Most   notably, we did the following: (a) identified 64 terms related to the   OSSECO and arranged them into a taxonomy; (b) built a genealogical tree   to understand the genesis of the OSSECO term from related definitions;   (c) analyzed the available definitions of SECO in the context of OSS;   and (d) classified the existing modelling and analysis techniques of   OSSECOs.   Conclusion: As a summary of the systematic mapping, we conclude that   existing research on several topics related to OSSECOs is still scarce   (e.g., modelling and analysis techniques, quality models, standard   definitions, etc.). This situation calls for further investigation   efforts on how organizations and OSS communities actually understand   OSSECOs. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.infsof.2017.07.007
1738,Article,Open source software for automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in   adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy using convolutional neural networks,"Imaging with an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO)   enables direct visualization of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the   living human retina. Quantitative analysis of AOSLO images typically   requires manual grading, which is time consuming, and subjective; thus,   automated algorithms are highly desirable. Previously developed   automated methods are often reliant on ad hoc rules that may not be   transferable between different imaging modalities or retinal locations.   In this work, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) based   method for cone detection that learns features of interest directly from   training data. This cone-identifying algorithm was trained and validated   on separate data sets of confocal and split detector AOSLO images with   results showing performance that closely mimics the gold standard manual   process. Further, without any need for algorithmic modifications for a   specific AOSLO imaging system, our fully-automated multi-modality   CNN-based cone detection method resulted in comparable results to   previous automatic cone segmentation methods which utilized ad hoc rules   for different applications. We have made free open-source software for   the proposed method and the corresponding training and testing datasets   available online.",10.1038/s41598-017-07103-0
1739,Article,Open source software for semi-automated histomorphometry of bone   resorption and formation parameters,"Micro-CT analysis has become the standard method for assessing bone   volume and architecture in small animals. However, micro-CT does not   allow the assessment of bone turnover parameters such as bone formation   rate and osteoclast (OC) number and surface. For these crucial variables   histomorphometric analysis is still an essential technique.   Histomorphometry however, is time consuming and, especially in mouse   bones, OCs can be difficult to detect. The main purpose of this study   was to develop and validate a relatively easy and rapid method to   measure static and dynamic bone histomorphometry parameters. Here we   present the adaptation of established staining protocols and three novel   open source image analysis packages: TrapHisto, OsteoidHisto and   CalceinHisto that allow rapid, semi-automated analysis of   histomorphometric bone resorption, osteoid, and calcein double labelling   parameters respectively. These three programs are based on ImageJ, but   use a relatively simple user interface that hides the underlying   complexity of the image analysis. (c) 2017 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier Inc.",10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.051
1740,Article,Open {Source} {Software} {Adoption}: {Lessons} from {Linux} in {Munich},"It took 10 years for the city of Munich to migrate 15,000 PCs from Windows to the Linux operating system. Was it worth it? This article focuses on how to effectively cope with open source software (OSS) adoption in an organizational context. Based on the Linux in Munich case, the authors present challenges and risks for IT decision makers and propose recommendations for evaluating and calculating the risks of OSS adoption.",10.1109/MITP.2017.7
1742,Article,PREDICTION OF DEFECT DENSITY FOR OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE USING REPOSITORY   METRICS,"Open source software refers to software with unrestricted access for use   or modification. Many software development organizations are using this   open source methodology in their development process. Many software   developers can work in parallel with the open source project using the   web as a shared resource. The defect density of such projects is often   required to be predicted for the purpose to ensure quality standards.   Static metrics for defect density prediction require extraction of   abstract information from the code. Repository metrics, on the other   hand, are easy to extract from the repository data sets. In this paper,   an analysis has been performed over repository metrics of open source   software. Further, defect density is being predicted using these metrics   individually and jointly. Sixty two open source software are considered   for analysis using Simple and Multiple Linear Regression methods as   statistical procedures. The results reveal a statistically significant   level of acceptance for prediction of defect density using few   repository metrics individually and jointly.",NA
1743,Article,Parallelizing drainage network algorithm using free software: Octave as   a solution,"Drainage network is a product, normally derived from a DEM (digital   elevation model), widely used in environmental and civil engineering,   and particularly in hydrology. The computation requirements increase   exponentially as the size DEM increases, limiting the applications when   a fast analysis is necessary. This is specially noticeably when working   with multiple flow direction (MFD) drainage networks. Nowadays, some   solutions have been explored, but focusing on Graphical Processing Units   (GPU) technology. We propose a CPU-based approach which has the   advantage that uses free software such as Octave and MPI wrap for it.   Our parallelized algorithm not only improved the time computation but   also allows adaptive behavior to different cluster settings. (C) 2016   International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation   (IMACS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.matcom.2016.09.004
1744,InProceedings,Perspectives on Teaching Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (Abstract Only),"There is a growing community of faculty members who support student participation in Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects in a variety of courses at a range of different institutions. HFOSS can provide a plethora of learning opportunities for students that ranges from design to code to test to documentation and more. Involvement in an HFOSS project allows students to gain professional skills while also gaining an understanding of the social impact of computing. However, experience has shown that supporting student involvement in HFOSS can pose some challenges to instructors including identification of appropriate assignments, creation of rubrics, grading, and managing interactions with the HFOSS community. The organizers of this BoF are faculty members who have a spectrum of experience in supporting student involvement in HFOSS. The organizers will share tips for structuring such student participation as well as discuss challenges that they've experienced and approaches for overcoming those challenges. Attendees will be encouraged to ask questions about how to get started, selecting an appropriate HFOSS project, structuring assignments, and more. This BoF will provide faculty members the opportunity to network with instructors with experience in this area.",10.1145/3017680.3022359
1745,InProceedings,Post-processing of GNSS data using open source software for structural   deformation monitoring,"In structural deformation monitoring especially of high-rise buildings   our main aim is hunting and pin-pointing the deviations of structural   movement from reference position (original) and to detect deviancy   during normal conditions to catastrophic damage e.g windstorm,   thunderstorm, explosion or earthquake. For that to happen an accurate,   robust and reliable method for structural monitoring is needed. GNSS   with its advanced augmentation techniques can give a positioning   accuracy in order of millimetres at its best. Such a higher order of   accuracy can be used for precise structural deformation monitoring.   Apart from that GNSS gives us loathsome advantages like all weather,   around the clock and global coverage. GNSS doesn't need line of sight as   it was needed in previous techniques between its stations. Due to these   benefits we are using GNSS technology for structural deformation   monitoring. GNSS also has some drawbacks like the positioning accuracy   is dependent up on number of available satellites, geometry of   satellites, multipath and receiver noise. Un-affordable price of precise   GNSS receivers also makes it tougher. The data used in the thesis is the   one used for structural deformation monitoring with the help of base   stations and the rovers using the real time kinematic RTK positioning   logged at ICON Tower Karachi, Pakistan a high-rise building. RTKLIB a   free software is used for analysis of logged data by applying   stand-alone, differential code and differential carrier phase (RTK)   positioning techniques. For our post processing GPS data analysis we had   used three rovers at three corners of building story under monitoring   with common reference station. One by one on each of the sets we have   RTK in RTKPOST GUI application of RTKLIB. For this analysis we have made   three cases of comparison between individual RTK results of rover pairs   and concluded deformation in a small chunk of time (3600 epochs) one   hour data.",NA
1746,InProceedings,Processed RGB-D SLAM Using Open-Source Software,"SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) of robot is the key to   achieve autonomous control of robot, and also a significant topic in the   field of mobile robotics. Aiming at 3D modeling of indoor complex   environment, this paper presents a fast three-dimensional simultaneous   location and mapping (SLAM) method for mobile robots. On the basis of   RGB-D SLAM algorithm, the open-source software combining the RGB-D   sensor like Kinect with the wheeled mobile robot is used to obtain the   odometry data, and then the information of their location is matched   through the image feature extraction and in the end the map is   constructed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed   method are verified by experiments in indoor environment.",10.1109/CSE-EUC.2017.115
1747,InProceedings,Proposing novel measures to alleviate the risks of migration to open   source software,"Nowadays, companies and organizations pay more attention to the use of   open source software. In this regard, organizations can benefit from the   advantages of this kind of software, such as less cost and more   flexibility. However, migration to open source software has its own   risks, such as training of employee, lack of compatibility, and support.   Reviewing numerous papers found in the literature, this study aims to   collect a complete list of risks that may influence the open source   migration process as much as possible. It also provides a new   categorization of the risks by which each risk is classified based on   its type (organizational, technical, and environmental), and its time of   occurrence (before, during, and after migration). Moreover, this paper   proposes a number of conceivable measures to mitigate each risk; some of   them are proposed for the first time in this area of research. The   results of this study can help organizations' decision makers to make   better decisions in the open source migration process.",10.1145/3177457.3177478
1748,Article,R-CMap-An open-source software for concept mapping,"Planning and evaluating projects often involves input from many   stakeholders. Fusing and organizing many different ideas, opinions, and   interpretations into a coherent and acceptable plan or project   evaluation is challenging. This is especially true when seeking   contributions from a large number of participants, especially when not   all can participate in group discussions, or when some prefer to   contribute their perspectives anonymously. One of the major   breakthroughs in the area of evaluation and program planning has been   the use of graphical tools to represent the brainstorming process. This   provides a quantitative framework for organizing ideas and general   concepts into simple-to-interpret graphs. We developed a new,   open-source concept mapping software called R-CMap, which is implemented   in R. This software provides a graphical user interface to guide users   through the analytical process of concept mapping. The R-CMap software   allows users to generate a variety of plots, including cluster maps,   point rating and cluster rating maps, as well as pattern matching and   go-zone plots. Additionally, R-CMap is capable of generating detailed   reports that contain useful statistical summaries of the data. The plots   and reports can be embedded in Microsoft Office tools such as Word and   PowerPoint, where users may manually adjust various plot and table   features to achieve the best visual results in their presentations and   official reports. The graphical user interface of R-CMap allows users to   define cluster names, `change the number of clusters, select rating   variables for relevant plots, and importantly, select subsets of   respondents by demographic criteria. The latter is particularly useful   to project managers in order to identify different patterns of   preferences by subpopulations. R-CMap is user-friendly, and does not   require any programming experience. However, proficient R users can add   to its functionality by directly accessing built-in functions in R and   sharing new features with the concept mapping community. (C) 2016   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.018
1749,InProceedings,RECREIO: Floss as SAAS for Sharing of Educational Resources,"The objective of this study was to verify if a development model of   Units of Learning (UoLs), supported by UoLs authoring tools, that meet   the usability criteria and abstract advanced knowledge in programming   language by the developers, effectively provides the use and   implementation of such resources by teachers in all areas of high school   (in this first phase of the research) with few skills with technology.   This is also due to the fact that many teachers consume much more   resources and also the difficulties faced by teachers and developers in   reusing their resources in other environments because they were   initially designed for a specific environment. The method was based on   the paradigm of Design Science Research (DSR), which allowed us to   understand the problem and solve it creatively from useful artifacts.   The three cycles of the research used questionnaires, interviews and   documentary collection as instruments of data collection of the first   cycle of survey and survey of the problem under study, while the   non-participant observation and questionnaires were used in the second   and third cycles at the time of evaluations of the system interfaces by   users. Suggestions for improvements were implemented in the Recreio,   while integrations to the Learning Management Systems (LMS) are being   developed. Preliminary results showed the importance of Recreio   incorporate tools of authorship of UoLs, preferably, free and online. In   addition, users' reports made explicit the need for a space for sharing   and dissemination of the resources developed directly in LMS, as well as   another space destined for exchanging experiences and learning with   courses among users.",NA
1750,InProceedings,Recorder of Climatic Variables and River Levels using Open Source   Software and Hardware and Mobile Phone,"The use of electronics as an instrument in the monitoring of climatic   variables and the response of natural systems to these variables, has   contributed enormously to providing information in assessing natural   resources, as well as for natural disaster risk management. Therefore,   an electronic climate and river level recorder (RCNR) has been built   using Open Source Software and Hardware and Mobile Phone. Due to the use   of this technology, the RCNR is characterized by being modern, versatile   and low cost. The device monitors climatic variables such as air   temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure. It can be installed   in multiple environments such as rivers, streams and canals; where it is   possible to monitor such climatic variables, measure river levels or   program it as an Early Warning System (EWS), thus contributing to reduce   human and material losses in the face of natural disasters. This paper   presents the work done in the construction and test of the RCNR.",NA
1751,InProceedings,Refinement and Resolution of Just-in-Time Requirements in Open Source   Software: A Case Study,"Just-in-time (JIT) requirements are characterized as not following the   traditional requirement engineering approach, instead focusing on   elaboration when the implementation begins. In this experience report,   we analyze both functional and nonfunctional JIT requirements from three   successful open source software (OSS) projects, including Firefox,   Lucene, and Mylyn, to explore the common activities that shaped those   requirements. We identify a novel refinement and resolution process that   all studied requirements followed from requirement inception to their   complete realization and subsequent release. This research provides new   insights into how OSS project teams create quality features from simple   initial descriptions of JIT requirements. Our study also initiates three   captivating questions regarding JIT requirements and opens new avenues   for further research in this emerging field.",10.1109/REW.2017.42
1752,Article,Reproducibility and Practical Adoption of GEOBIA with Open-Source   Software in Docker Containers,"Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) mostly uses proprietary   software, but the interest in Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) for   GEOBIA is growing. This interest stems not only from cost savings, but   also from benefits concerning reproducibility and collaboration.   Technical challenges hamper practical reproducibility, especially when   multiple software packages are required to conduct an analysis. In this   study, we use containerization to package a GEOBIA workflow in a   well-defined FOSS environment. We explore the approach using two   software stacks to perform an exemplary analysis detecting destruction   of buildings in bi-temporal images of a conflict area. The analysis   combines feature extraction techniques with segmentation and   object-based analysis to detect changes using automatically-defined   local reference values and to distinguish disappeared buildings from   non-target structures. The resulting workflow is published as FOSS   comprising both the model and data in a ready to use Docker image and a   user interface for interaction with the containerized workflow. The   presented solution advances GEOBIA in the following aspects: higher   transparency of methodology; easier reuse and adaption of workflows;   better transferability between operating systems; complete description   of the software environment; and easy application of workflows by image   analysis experts and non-experts. As a result, it promotes not only the   reproducibility of GEOBIA, but also its practical adoption.",10.3390/rs9030290
1753,Article,Reusability of open source software across domains: A case study,"Exploiting the enormous amount of open source software (OSS) as a   vehicle for reuse is a promising opportunity for software engineers.   However, this task is far from trivial, since such projects are   sometimes not easy to understand and adapt to target systems, whereas at   the same time the reusable assets are not obvious to identify. In this   study, we assess open source software projects, with respect to their   reusability, i.e., the easiness to adapt them in a new system. By taking   into account that domain-specific reuse is more beneficial than   domain-agnostic; we focus this study on identifying the application   domains that contain the most reusable software projects. To achieve   this goal, we compared the reusability of approximately 600 OSS projects   from ten application domains through a case study. The results of the   study suggested that in every aspect of reusability, there are different   dominant application domains. However, Science and Engineering   Applications and Software Development Tools, have proven to be the ones   that are the most reuse-friendly. Based on this observation, we suggest   software engineers, who are focusing on the specific application   domains, to consider reusing assets from open source software projects.   (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.009
1754,Article,Roles and politeness behavior in community-based free/libre open source   software development,"Community-based Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development   relies on contributions from both core and peripheral members. Prior   research on core-periphery has focused on software coding related   behaviors. We study how core-periphery roles are related to   social-relational behavior in terms of politeness behavior. Data from   two FLOSS projects suggest that both core and peripheral members use   more positive politeness strategies than negative strategies. Further,   core and peripheral members use different strategies to protect positive   face in positive politeness, which we term respect and intimacy,   respectively. Our results contribute to FLOSS research and politeness   theory. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.im.2016.11.006
1755,Article,"SCT: Spinal Cord Toolbox, an open-source software for processing spinal   cord MRI data","For the past 25 years, the field of neuroimaging has witnessed the   development of several software packages for processing multi-parametric   magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to study the brain. These software   packages are now routinely used by researchers and clinicians, and have   contributed to important breakthroughs for the understanding of brain   anatomy and function. However, no software package exists to process   mpMRI data of the spinal cord. Despite the numerous clinical needs for   such advanced mpMRI protocols (multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury,   cervical spondylotic myelopathy, etc.), researchers have been developing   specific tools that, while necessary, do not provide an integrative   framework that is compatible with most usages and that is capable of   reaching the community at large. This hinders cross-validation and the   possibility to perform multi-center studies. In this study we introduce   the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT), a comprehensive software dedicated to the   processing of spinal cord MRI data. SCT builds on previously-validated   methods and includes state-of-the-art MM templates and atlases of the   spinal cord, algorithms to segment and register new data to the   templates, and motion correction methods for diffusion and functional   time series. SCT is tailored towards standardization and automation of   the processing pipeline, versatility, modularity, and it follows   guidelines of software development and distribution. Preliminary   applications of SCT cover a variety of studies, from cross-sectional   area measures in large databases of patients, to the precise   quantification of mpMRI metrics in specific spinal pathways. We   anticipate that SCT will bring together the spinal cord neuroimaging   community by establishing standard templates and analysis procedures.",10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.009
1756,InProceedings,SEABED: An Open-Source Software Engineering Case-Based Learning Database,"Case-Based Learning (CBL) is a teaching methodology based on discussing   and analyzing real world problems and solutions. A case is like a story,   related to a real world situation that sources a number of challenging   problems, which have no obvious solutions. There have been various   applications of CBL in the fields of Medicine, Law, and Business.   However, there are a limited number of evidences related to the   application of CBL in the field of Software Engineering (SE). In this   paper, we present an open source web application called SEABED (Software   Engineering Case-Based Learning Database). The feature set supported by   SEABED comprises Case Submission, Case Collection, Case Search, Case   Review, and Case Evolution. SEABED aims to develop and evolve a rich   repository of SE cases that might become a basis for enabling the   students, instructors, practitioners, and experts to enhance their SE   knowledge in an effective way. Further, we present our approach to build   a vibrant SE case-based learning community that triggers enough activity   around SEABED, required for the platform to reach a critical and wider   mass. We communicated with several SE educators around the world and   received positive responses on SEABED. In order to investigate the   effectiveness of the CBL methodology followed by SEABED, we conducted an   experimental study at an Institute of National Importance in India. We   present the empirical analysis results of this study and explore the   impact of CBL on students' learning abilities.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2017.204
1757,Article,"Scientific observatory in support of the territorial managers, between   abstraction OSAGE and reality ROSELT/OSS","Based on the formal description of the concept ``OSAGE{''} (Scientific   Observatory in support of land managers) in its scientific, technical   and organizational dimensions, the analysis of the real and specific   case ROSELT/OSS observatory (The long term ecological surveillance   observatories network/Sahara and Sahel Observatory) was carried out;   this device started running in 1992 in order to combat desertification   in the circum-Sahara. The comparison between the abstract model and this   instance allows to test the validity of the abstract model (OSAGE),   assess its advantages and implementation difficulties and further   develop it. It also provides a formal framework to analyse ROSELT/OSS   and measure how far ROSELT/OSS case complies with OSAGE model.",10.3166/rig.2017.00033
1758,InCollection,Selection Process for Free Open Source Software,"This chapter will discuss concerns a library may consider in selecting   Open Source software. The author will review all aspects of a needs   assessment, along with considerations for the sustainability of an open   source project. Discussions about technical abilities, identify options   a library might consider, installation and usability issues, and getting   involved with an open source community. There are ways a library can get   involved with open source software and contribute to a community without   providing programming. Going with open source can help save money, but   also help the library decide the direction it wants to keep its   community engaged.",10.4018/978-1-5225-1735-1.ch004
1760,Article,Sheath-in-Sheath Technique for Exteriorization of Body Floss Wire,"In this technique, we describe the insertion of a second sheath into the   primary sheath containing a guidewire that is meant to be exteriorized.   The second sheath serves to open the valve of the primary sheath and   creates a water-tight chamber for the guidewire to enter. The second   sheath is then removed, exposing the successfully exteriorized   guidewire. This technique is an useful adjunct to conventional guidewire   exteriorization techniques during body floss procedures.",10.1016/j.avsg.2016.08.052
1761,InProceedings,"Should We Be Thanking Microsoft, Apple and Google for Their   Contributions to Open Source Software? The Case of Multinational   Platform Leaders","Software producing organizations are contributing increasingly to open   source software, by making their software open source or contributing to   existing projects. Platform leaders contribute to open source software   in different manners, but for whose interests are these companies   contributing to open source software? Are contributions made by software   developers as part of a software vendor or do these software producing   organizations want to do what is right without benefits? So how do   platform leaders contribute to open source software? By analyzing the   data from GitHub repositories, the contributions to open source software   by three platform leaders is researched in two dimensions, how are the   developers connected and to which projects do these developers   contribute. By analyzing their connectedness and analyzing the developed   projects, the conclusion is drawn that contributions are made for the   strategic advantage of the software producing organizations. The   majority of the contributions made to open source software is to their   own projects and by developers who contribute to these projects   fulltime.",10.1007/978-3-319-69191-6\\_16
1762,Article,Specvis: Free and open-source software for visual field examination,"Visual field impairment affects more than 100 million people globally.   However, due to the lack of the access to appropriate ophthalmic   healthcare in undeveloped regions as a result of associated costs and   expertise this number may be an underestimate. Improved access to   affordable diagnostic software designed for visual field examination   could slow the progression of diseases, such as glaucoma, allowing for   early diagnosis and intervention. We have developed Specvis, a free and   open-source application written in Java programming language that can   run on any personal computer to meet this requirement (http://www.   specvis. pl/). Specvis was tested on glaucomatous, retinitis pigmentosa   and stroke patients and the results were compared to results using the   Medmont M700 Automated Static Perimeter. The application was also tested   for inter-test intrapersonal variability. The results from both   validation studies indicated low inter-test intrapersonal variability,   and suitable reliability for a fast and simple assessment of visual   field impairment. Specvis easily identifies visual field areas of zero   sensitivity and allows for evaluation of its levels throughout the   visual field. Thus, Specvis is a new, reliable application that can be   successfully used for visual field examination and can fill the gap   between confrontation and perimetry tests. The main advantages of   Specvis over existing methods are its availability (free), affordability   (runs on any personal computer), and reliability (comparable to   high-cost solutions).",10.1371/journal.pone.0186224
1763,Article,Stochastic actor-oriented modeling for studying homophily and social   influence in OSS projects,"Open Source Software projects are communities in which people ``learn   the ropes{''} from each other. The social and technical activities of   developers evolve together, and as they link to each other they get   organized in a network of changing socio-technical connections. Traces   of those activities, or behaviors, are typically visible to all, in   project repositories and through communication between them. Thus, in   principle it may be possible to study those traces to tell which of the   observable socio-technical behaviors of developers in these projects are   responsible for the forming of persistent links between them. It may   also be possible to tell the extent to which links participate in the   spread of potential behavioral influences. Since OSS projects change in   both social and technical activity over time, static approaches, that   either ignore time or simplify it to a few slices, are frequently   inadequate to study these networks. On the other hand, ad-hoc dynamic   approaches are often only loosely supported by theory and can yield   misleading findings. Here we adapt the stochastic actor-oriented models   from social network analysis. These models enable the study of the   interplay between behavior, influence and network architecture, for   dynamic networks, in a statistically sound way. We apply the stochastic   actor-oriented models in case studies of two Apache Software Foundation   projects, and study code ownership and developer productivity as   behaviors. For those, we find evidence of significant social selection   effects (homophily) in both projects, but in different directions.   However, we find no evidence for the spread (social influence) of either   code ownership or developer productivity behaviors through the networks.",10.1007/s10664-016-9431-y
1764,InProceedings,TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING ASSISTED BY FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"The education system of the present day has undergone a great   revolution, with the enhancement of education technology. Especially in   the higher education sector, IT is playing a vital role in the   advancement of teaching and learning practices. Most of the educational   organizations have already adopted smart learning environment by   upgrading their infrastructure and with proper capacity building among   staff members. But in the education sector, sustainability of technology   is always being a challenge. To develop learning materials, many   institutions have already started using free and open source software   (FOSS) tools. FOSS gives freedom to the developer with the provision of   various customization options as per the requirements of the class or   subject. Moreover, in the longer run, free and open source software   could be considered as the best option in education for e-learning   implementation, for sustainability. There are many tools which are   available for e-learning resource development. Some of them are   available online and some are available as an installer for the various   platform. In order to adapt ICT in education, especially in non-IT   specialization, the faculty members need the training to learn and   implement these tools in their classes. But there are many tools, which   are specially designed for educators with basic knowledge of computers.   Educators can plan their sessions, based on content, duration as well as   the level of the subject and the students. This research paper will   highlight various aspects of the implementation of FOSS, in education by   using such easy-to-implement tools and techniques. This would provide   general guidelines for the development of various e-learning solutions   for technology-enhanced teaching and learning practices in higher   education.",NA
1766,InProceedings,THE GUIDE ON THE SIDE: USING OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE TO CREATE AUTHENTIC   INFORMATION LITERACY LEARNING EXPERIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS,"In 2013, the University of Arizona's open source software program the   Guide on the Side won an American Library Association Innovation of the   Year Award. Since then countless libraries across the United States have   used the program to create online tutorials in order to teach a variety   of information literacy skills including how to search databases, how to   evaluate websites, how to create better searches, and how to search for   medical information. The Guide on the Side was created by a group of   University of Arizona librarians in order to replicate the hands-on   experience students received when they attended a library session on how   to use a research database. Librarians aimed to give students the guided   instruction they received in face-to-face sessions. Sophisticated   research databases are often difficult for undergraduate students to   use, and they need both background knowledge and repeated practice to   use a database successfully. With the Guide on the Side, students are   presented with authentic tasks and are able to conduct ``live{''}   searches as they are guided through the database. Through these   activities, they learn how to locate the information they need quickly.   Although a valuable and easy to use software program, instructors and   librarians are often at a loss for how to create tutorials that are   appealing to students and that are aligned with best practices for   online instruction. This paper will focus on best practices when using   the Guide on the Side. These best practices have been developed by the   author and are based on current educational research focused on online   instruction and on usability studies conducted using the Guide on the   Side. This paper discusses the development of the Guide on the Side, how   to download it, and how to implement these best practices in order to   create learning experiences for students that are both engaging and   effective.",NA
1767,Article,"THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS, IN THE CAREER OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING,   USING FREE SOFTWARE","The present research is about the use of tools based on free software in   the second year of the career in Computer Engineering at the University   of Cienfuegos. It shows the results obtained by students in the projects   integrating Mathematics IV, using the mathematical assistant Maxima,   based on free software. The experience was realized during four   successive courses, in the first two the classes were developed without   the use of the software and the other two with the use of the same one.   Using statistical methods, the results obtained in the course integrator   projects using Maxima are proved to be superior to those obtained   without the use of this one, demonstrating in this way that the use of   free software in university education influences positively in the   teaching - learning process of the subject.",NA
1768,Article,THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL POSTPRODUCTION OF FEATURE FILMS WITH BLENDER.   WORKFLOW APPROACHES WITH FREE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMATION   SEQUENCES,"In this article we will look at the evolution and challenges involved   the digital postproduction of the film El Hereje, produced in 2015,   where have been used three-dimensional graphics generated by free   software Blender. We will cross the different stages of the visual   effects of a feature film analyzing the problems and solutions employed   in this production. The postproduction of this film has been made by the   research group IDECA belonging to the University of Castilla-La Mancha,   being the first long feature made in Spain under these conditions.",10.4995/caa.2017.7303
1769,InProceedings,Test Code Reuse from OSS: Current and Future Challenges,"We are told of the significant benefits of automated approaches to testing over manual approaches. However, it is unclear what automated testing practices exist, and how efficient or widespread such practices are within open source software. Although some organizations rigorously apply automated testing to their software, this rich pool of test code is not utilized to serve existing source code with poor or no test suites. To investigate how automated testing is performed in practice, we attempted a thorough, large-scale analysis of open source repositories. Alongside this analysis, we propose a novel approach to reuse such existing tests within projects that lack test code, hence leveraging the quality of such projects with minimal developer intervention. While such an analysis seems to be a straightforward task, we report on various practical challenges that hindered applying our proposed approach for tests' reuse. We present the challenges we have addressed so far, and those we expect to appear in the near future, in applying our approach for test reuse with open source projects. We outline potential solutions to the projected future challenges.",10.1145/3178298.3178305
1770,Article,The Debsources Dataset: two decades of free and open source software,"We present the Debsources Dataset: source code and related metadata   spanning two decades of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) history,   seen through the lens of the Debian distribution. The dataset spans more   than 3 billion lines of source code as well as metadata about them such   as: size metrics (lines of code, disk usage), developer-defined symbols   (ctags), file-level checksums (SHA1, SHA256, TLSH), file media types   (MIME), release information (which version of which package containing   which source code files has been released when), and license information   (GPL, BSD, etc). The Debsources Dataset comes as a set of tarballs   containing deduplicated unique source code files organized by their SHA1   checksums (the source code), plus a portable PostgreSQL database dump   (the metadata). A case study is run to show how the Debsources Dataset   can be used to easily and efficiently instrument very long-term analyses   of the evolution of Debian from various angles (size, granularity,   licensing, etc.), getting a grasp of major FOSS trends of the past two   decades. The Debsources Dataset is Open Data, released under the terms   of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, and available for download from Zenodo with   DOI reference 10.5281/zenodo.61089.",10.1007/s10664-016-9461-5
1771,InProceedings,The Neuronix HPC Cluster: Cluster Management Using Free and Open Source   Software Tools,"In order to be effective, machine learning must operate on problems of   scale, requiring suitably large data and computing resources.   HPC clusters based on open source software and consumer grade hardware   have enabled a new generation of extremely computationally demanding   research based on deep learning and big data.   In this poster we discuss the Neuronix cluster, an implementation of the   HPC cluster concept that provides an unprecedented price/performance   ratio using commercial off the shelf parts (COTS).   The environment is heterogeneous because of the need to mix GPUs and   CPUs. GPUs are critical today to the success of deep learning   algorithms.   Methods of horizontal scaling and managing node availability based on   requested resources and server load are discussed.   Tools that are central to our management strategy include Ganglia, mdadm   and smartctl.",NA
1773,InProceedings,The Utility of Free Software for Gravity and Magnetic Advanced Data   Processing,"The lack of computational tools, i.e. software, often hinders the proper   teaching and application of geophysical data processing in academic   institutions in Indonesia. Although there are academic licensing options   for commercial software, such options are still way beyond the financial   capability of some academic institutions. Academic community members   (both lecturers and students) are supposed to be creative and   resourceful to overcome such situation. Therefore, capability for   writing computer programs or codes is a necessity. However, there are   also many computer programs and even software that are freely available   on the internet. Generally, the utility of the freely distributed   software is limited for demonstration only or for visualizing and   exchanging data. The paper discusses the utility of Geosoft's Oasis   Montaj Viewer along with USGS GX programs that are available for free.   Useful gravity and magnetic advanced data processing (i.e. gradient   calculation, spectral analysis etc.) can be performed ``correctly{''}   without any approximation that sometimes leads to dubious results and   interpretation.",10.1088/1755-1315/62/1/012046
1774,InProceedings,The influence of sponsors on organizational structure of free software   communities,"Initially, free software communities are characterized by   self-management, however, they were also influenced by public and   private organizations that identified potential gains in the use of the   geographically distributed production model. In this context, this   research aims to answer the following questions: Do sponsors influence   the organizational structures of free software communities by promoting   differences between sponsored and non-sponsored communities? What   strategies are adopted by the sponsor to influence the organizational   structure of free software communities? Two constructs are central to   the study: organizational structure and sponsorship. For this research,   we adopted case study methodology and three free software communities   were studied. In the analysis of the results it was evidenced that   sponsors influence decision making, definition of community key roles,   and a formalization of norms. In turn, non-sponsored communities were   characterized by the centralization and informality of the norms. We   conclude that differences were identified in the organizational   structure of sponsored and non-sponsored free software communities, and   this differentiation was influenced by sponsors. In addition, it was   possible to describe strategies and mechanisms used by sponsors to   influence the community organizational structure.",10.1145/3167020.3167060
1776,InProceedings,Towards A Benchmark for OSS Recommender Systems,"Benchmarks are important in research to evaluate proposed approaches and   works. In many fields such as information processing and retrieval, they   rely on datasets composed of training and test sub-datasets. In the   recommendation field, some benchmarks do exist for various types of   information. However, no dataset is dedicated to Open Source Software   (OSS). The aim of this paper is to create a first benchmark specific to   OSS, which may be used in evaluating different algorithms recommending   OSS. To reach this aim, we designed the structure of the dataset by   studying OSS characteristics and we mined both SourceForge and Github   repositories in order to constitute the data collection. We then   proceeded to the evaluation step by running a set of well-known   recommendation algorithms within Recommender101 and Librec frameworks on   the OSS dataset. The obtained benchmark may serve as a basis for any   future work about OSS recommendation by either extending the dataset, or   evaluating and comparing new algorithms.",NA
1777,InProceedings,Training Software Engineers using Open-Source Software: The Professors'   Perspective,"Traditional Software Engineering (SE) courses often prioritize   methodologies and concepts in small, controlled environments: naive   projects used as a proof of concept instead of full-fledged real   software systems. Although this strategy has clear benefits, it does not   place enough care in training students to face complex, non-trivial   legacy software projects. To bridge this gap, novel SE courses are   leveraging the rich variety of open-source software (OSS) projects to   illustrate how these methodologies and concepts are applied to existing,   non-trivial software systems. To better understand the benefits,   challenges, and opportunities of this transition, in this paper, we   interview seven SE professors that changed their academic setting to   aspire students to comprehend, maintain, and evolve OSS systems as part   of their SE course. We found that there are different ways to make use   of OSS projects in SE courses in terms of project choice, assessment,   and learning goals. Moreover, we evidence clear benefits of this   approach, including improving students' social and technical skills, and   helping students enhancing their resume. Also, we observed that this   strategy comes with costs: the activity demands effort and time from the   professor and the barrier for one getting involved with and, therefore,   placing a meaningful contribution, in an OSS community is often high.",10.1109/CSEET.2017.27
1778,InProceedings,URBAN DATA COLLECTION USING A BIKE MOBILE SYSTEM WITH A FOSS   ARCHITECTURE,"European community is working to improve the quality of the life in each   European country, in particular to increase the quality air condition   and safety in each city. The quality air is daily monitored, using   several ground station, which do not consider the variation of the   quality during the day, evaluating only the average level. In this case,   it could be interesting to have a ``smart{''} system to acquire   distributed data in continuous, even involving the citizens. On the   other hand, to improve the safety level in urban area along cycle lane,   road and pedestrian path, exist a lot of algorithms for visibility and   safety analysis; the crucial aspect is the 3D model considered as   ``input{''} in these algorithms, which always needs to be updated.   A bike has been instrumented with two digital camera as Raspberry   PI-cam. Image acquisition has been realized with a dedicated python   tool, which has been implemented in the Raspberry PI system. Images have   been georeferenced using a u-blox 8T, connected to Raspberry system.   GNSS data has been acquired using a specific tool developed in Python,   which was based on RTKLIB library. Time synchronization has been   obtained with GNSS receiver. Additionally, a portable laser scanner, an   air quality system and a small Inertial platform have been installed and   connected with the Raspberry system.   The system has been implemented and tested to acquire data (image and   air quality parameter) in a district in Turin. Also a 3D model of the   investigated site has been carried. In this contribute, the assembling   of the system is described, in particular the dataset acquired and the   results carried out will be described. different low cost sensors, in   particular digital camera and laser scanner to collect easily geospatial   data in urban area.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-3-2017
1779,InProceedings,USE OF A MOLECULAR VISUALIZATION FREE SOFTWARE IN A CHEMISTRY MODULE,"There seems to be a widespread perception amongst researchers and   teachers that many students find chemistry difficult {[}1]. Having a   good knowledge of molecular structure is crucial to work out polarity of   compounds, intermolecular forces and their relationship with properties.   In addition, it is very important to understand the inorganic systems   that explain the behaviour of atoms, ions and molecules in understanding   the phenomena of organic chemistry {[}2]. Therefore, the understanding   of spatial structures is central to the discipline of chemistry.   However, in textbooks molecular structures are represented as   two-dimensional objects and as result, students might find difficult to   switch from 2D to 3D structures or images. Using 3 dimensional models   help students acquire a better understanding of molecular geometry and   encourage active learning. Computer visualizations now offer an   interesting possible alternative to concrete or physical models {[}3].   Jmol is one of the most prevalent molecular visualization tools in STEM   education. It is a free open source software for interactive molecular   visualization. This work describes the implementation of the Jmol   visualization tool in a module on General Chemistry for Engineers during   the academic year 2016-2017. The goals were three-fold. Firstly, to use   the Jmol visualization application as a teaching tool for classroom   demonstration. Then, to provide students with the skills to use the   molecular visualization tool for their own learning process. Finally, to   actively engage students with generation and manipulation of molecular   models. Jmol application was used during Lectures to teach about   molecular structure. Students then had to download and use the   application on their own to complete several worksheets. Later on, Jmol   molecular models were also used to aid student understanding of organic   chemistry, including isomerism. Additional worksheets and assignments   involved the use of Jmol visualization tool. The evaluation of the   software implementation on the module was carried out by marking the   worksheets and by a survey that was conducted among the students.",NA
1780,InProceedings,"Uncertainty About the Long-Term: Digital Libraries, Astronomy Data, and   Open Source Software","Digital library developers make critical design and implementation   decisions in the face of uncertainties about the future. We present a   qualitative case study of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a   major astronomy project that will collect and make available large-scale   datasets. LSST developers make decisions now, while facing uncertainties   about its period of operations (2022-2032). Uncertainties we identify   include topics researchers will seek to address, tools and expertise,   and availability of other infrastructures to exploit LSST observations.   LSST is using an open source approach to developing and releasing its   data management software. We evaluate benefits and burdens of this   approach as a strategy for addressing uncertainty. Benefits include:   enabling software to adapt to researchers' changing needs; embedding   LSST standards and tools in community practices; and promoting   interoperability with other infrastructures. Burdens include: open   source community management; documentation requirements; and trade-offs   between software speed and accessibility.",NA
1782,InProceedings,"Understanding the Impressions, Motivations, and Barriers of One Time   Code Contributors to FLOSS Projects: A Survey","Successful Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects must attract   and retain high-quality talent. Researchers have invested considerable   effort in the study of core and peripheral FLOSS developers. To this   point, one critical subset of developers that have not been studied are   One-Time code Contributors (OTC) - those that have had exactly one patch   accepted. To understand why OTCs have not contributed another patch and   provide guidance to FLOSS projects on retaining OTCs, this study seeks   to understand the impressions, motivations, and barriers experienced by   OTCs. We conducted an online survey of OTCs from 23 popular FLOSS   projects. Based on the 184 responses received, we observed that OTCs   generally have positive impressions of their FLOSS project and are   driven by a variety of motivations. Most OTCs primarily made   contributions to fix bugs that impeded their work and did not plan on   becoming long term contributors. Furthermore, OTCs encounter a number of   barriers that prevent them from continuing to contribute to the project.   Based on our findings, there are some concrete actions FLOSS projects   can take to increase the chances of converting OTCs into long-term   contributors.",10.1109/ICSE.2017.25
1783,InCollection,Use and Adaptation of Open Source Software for Capacity Building to   Strengthen Health Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries,"Health research capacity strengthening is of importance to reach health   goals. The ARCADE projects' aim was to strengthen health research across   Africa and Asia using innovative educational technologies. In the four   years of the EU funded projects, challenges also of technical nature   were identified. This article reports on a study conducted within the   ARCADE projects. The study focused on addressing challenges of video   conferencing in resource constrained settings and was conducted using   action research. As a result, a plugin for the open source video   conferencing system minisip was implemented and evaluated. The study   showed that both the audio and video streams could be improved by the   introduced plugin, which addressed one technical challenge.",10.3233/978-1-61499-753-5-338
1784,InProceedings,Using Gamification to Orient and Motivate Students to Contribute to OSS   projects,"Students can benefit from contributing to Open Source Software (OSS),   since they can enrich their portfolio and learn with real world   projects. However, sometimes students are demotivated to contribute due   to entrance barriers. On the other hand, gamification is widely used to   engage and motivate people to accomplish tasks and improve their   performance. The goal of this work is to analyze the use of gamification   to orient and motivate undergraduate students to overcome onboarding   barriers and engage to OSS projects. To achieve this goal, we   implemented four gaming elements (Quests, Points, Ranking, and Levels)   in GitLab and assessed the environment by means of a study conducted   with 17 students, within a real OSS project (JabRef). At the end of the   study, the students evaluated their experience through a questionnaire.   We found that the Quest element helped to guide participants and keep   them motivated and points helped by providing feedback on students'   performed tasks. We conclude that the gamified environment oriented the   students in an attempt to make a contribution and that gamification can   motivate and orient newcomers' to engage to OSS projects.",10.1109/CHASE.2017.7
1785,InProceedings,Using R language and open source software architecture to build a high   efficient enterprise market integration platform,"Currently, there are many types of software for website information   analyses. However, there also are some problems which include security   issues using third party software, expansion weaknesses and operational   complexities of software. The marketing integration platform proposed in   this research, has resolved the third party security problem. The   platform is developed in R language and open source software   architecture environment. Its functionality is expandable and can be   arbitrarily invoked to add more features. The platform operation page   can be custom designed by user. This reduces the difficulties of user's   interface.",NA
1787,InProceedings,WAVPY: A GNSS-R OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE LIBRARY FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND   SIMULATION,"Due to the launch of a number of dedicated GNSS-R satellite missions   during the last years, there is a potential raise of research interest   in this field. This paper presents an analysis and simulation tool for   the GNSS-R community: wavpy. More than just a simple waveform simulator,   this library provides a set of object-oriented classes dedicated to each   of the different elements that characterize a GNSS-R scenario. Then, the   user can focus on just a particular piece of analysis or, by exploiting   their combined synergies, to perform a more comprehensive simulation   exercise.",NA
1788,Article,What makes a good contributor? Understanding contributor behavior within   large Free/Open Source Software projects - A socialization perspective,"Attracting new contributors is a necessary but not a sufficient   condition, to ensure the survival and long-term success of Free/Open   Source Software (FOSS) projects. The well-being of a FOSS project   depends on the turning of project newcomers into `good contributors'   that is to say into individuals that substantially contribute to the   project - but also that perform citizenship behaviors that protect and   nurture its community. This study is a mixed: methods investigation of   the socialization factors that influence contributor performance in   large FOSS projects. A qualitative research component resulted into the   development of a FOSS socialization framework as well as into the   identification of key FOSS project citizenship behaviors. A conceptual   model was then developed and empirically examined with 367 contributors   from 12 large FOSS projects. The model hypothesizes the mediating effect   of two proximal socialization variables, social identification and   social integration, between FOSS newcomer socialization factors and   contributor performance (conceptualized as task performance and   community citizenship behaviors). The results demonstrate the influence   of social identification and social integration in predicting   contributor performance, as well as the importance of key socialization   factors that are: task segregation, task purposefulness, interaction   intensity, and supportiveness. Theoretical and practical implications   are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jsis.2017.03.001
1790,InProceedings,Which Review Feedback Did Long-Term Contributors Get on OSS Projects?,"Open Source Software (OSS) cannot exist without contributions from the   community. In particular, long-term contributors (LTCs) (e.g.,   committer), defined as contributors who spend at least one year on OSS   projects, play crucial role in a project success because they would have   permission to add (commit) code changes to a project's version control   system, and to become a mentor for a beginner in OSS projects. However,   contributors often leave a project before becoming a LTC because most   contributors are volunteers. If contributors are motivated in their work   in OSS projects, they might not leave the projects. In this study, we   examine the phenomena involved in becoming a LTC in terms of motivation   to continue in OSS projects. In particular, our target motivation is to   understand what is involved in long-term contribution with other expert   contributors. We study classifier to identify a LTC who will contribute   patch submissions for more than one year based on collaboration in terms   of the code review process. In detail, we analyze what review feedbacks   encourage a contributor to continue with OSS project. Using a Qt project   dataset, we understand review feedback which affected contribution   period of the developer.",NA
1792,Article,"{OSS} popularity: {Understanding} the relationship between user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage","Following the growing interest and concerns regarding the open source software (OSS) phenomenon among academics and practitioners, many studies have been conducted to understand the factors that influence OSS success. However, research has primarily explored such factors in the context of well-known projects, such as Linux and Apache. Yet, lesser-known projects must be examined to gain a more complete understanding. Accordingly, this paper focuses on lesser-known projects to examine three factors that influence OSS popularity: user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage. Specifically, we develop an empirical model of OSS popularity and test our hypotheses on data from 657 open source projects. The findings show that the combination of the three factors has a positive effect on OSS popularity. Moreover, in contrast to previous research, the results reveal that exchanges among users and developers have a stronger influence on OSS popularity than bug-related activities. Overall, this research provides a novel way to measure OSS popularity for lesser-known projects and offers organizations a better understanding of OSS.Alternate abstract:Alors que le logiciel libre a particulierement retenu l'attention et Pintérét du monde académique et managérial, beaucoup de recherches ont cherché á comprendre les facteurs de succes de ces logiciels OSS. Cependant, ces recherches se sontprincipalement concentrées sur des projets reconnus et de grande envergure, tels que Linux ou Apache. Une investigation des projets moins connus permettrait une compréhension plus complete et d'éviter un taux d'échec important des projets OSS. Cette étude investigue donc la combi- naison de trois facteurs : les interactions des utilisateurs et développeurs, la pénétration du marché et le stade de développement, afin d'observer leur impact sur la popularité des projets OSSpeu connus. Nous a vons pour cela développé un modele empirique de la popularité des OSS, et avons testé nos hypotheses sur 657projets de logiciel libre. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la combinaison des trois facteurs a un impact positif sur la popularité des OSS. De plus, contrairement aux études précédentes, nos résultats révelent également que les interactions entre utilisateurs et développeurs ont un rôle plus important que les activités reliées á la résolution de bugs dans la réussite des projets. Cette recherche propose une nouvelle maniere de mesurer la popularité d'un projet OSS et offrant ainsi aux organisations une meilleure compréhension.",NA
1794,Article,<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of the biological compatibility and   antibacterial activity of a bone substitute material consisting of   silver-doped hydroxyapatite and Bio-Oss<SUP>®</SUP>,"This study evaluated biological compatibility and antibacterial activity   of a bone substitute material consisting of silver-doped hydroxyapatite   (AgHA) and Bio-Oss((R)) with different mixture ratios in vitro and   investigated its antibacterial mechanism. AgHA was synthesized by a   chemical precipitation method. After characterization, AgHA was mixed   with Bio-Oss((R)) at three ratios: 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 by weight. Then,   Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) were used   to test the antibacterial activity of the mixture. Human periodontal   ligament fibroblasts and rat bone marrow stromal cells were selected for   cytocompatibility experiments. According to results, the peak value of   the size of the AgHA was concentrated in the 100-200 nm range, and AgHA   particles consisted of short rods. It was confirmed that the structure   of AgHA was similar to that of standard hydroxyapatite. All three   mixture ratios exhibited obvious antimicrobial properties, which   increased with increasing AgHA. According to the effects on the   expression of bacterial virulence genes, groups 1:1 and 1:2 both   negatively affected Pg and Fn more significantly than group 1:4.   Cytotoxicity experiments showed that 1:1 caused little cytotoxicity,   while groups 1:2 and 1:4 exerted no significant cytotoxicity.   Considering its biological compatibility and antibacterial activity,   group 1:2 is the most recommended. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J   Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 410-420, 2018.",10.1002/jbm.b.33843
1795,Article,A 3-Dimensional Approach for Analysis in Orthognathic Surgery-Using Free   Software for Voxel-Based Alignment and Semiautomatic Measurement,"Purpose: In orthognathic surgery, the repeatability of 3-dimensional   (3D) measurements is limited by the need for manual reidentification of   reference points, which can incorporate errors greater than 1 mm for   every 4 repeated measurements. This report describes a semiautomatic   approach to decrease the manual reidentification error. This study   evaluated the repeatability of surgical outcome measurements using the   semiautomatic approach. Furthermore, a step-by-step guide is provided to   enable researchers and clinicians to perform the 3D analysis by   themselves.   Materials and Methods: Evaluating surgical outcome consists of 2 parts.   First, the scans are aligned at the anterior cranial base. Second, a   semiautomatic approach is used to place 3 dental reference points at   exactly the same sites of the pre-and postoperative maxilla. Because the   maxilla is repositioned during surgery but otherwise unaltered, the   reference points should be identical if the pre-and postoperative scans   are aligned at the maxilla. Therefore, the authors propose the insertion   of reference points on the preoperative scan and then repositioning a   copy of the preoperative reference points relative to the postoperative   scan. To align the reference points on the postoperative scan, the hard   palate is used as a mutual maxillary reference structure. A   reproducibility test was performed in 10 participants by analyzing the   difference between repeated measurements.   Results: Repeated linear measurements differed by less than 0.1 mm along   all 3 axes (standard deviations, < 0.1 mm). The 2 largest differences   between repeated measurements were 0.33 mm along the superoinferior axis   and 0.29 along the anteroposterior axis. Repeated rotational   measurements differed by less than 0.1 degrees around all 3 axes   (standard deviations, <= 0.1 degrees).   Conclusion: The semiautomatic approach showed excellent linear and   angular repeatability. The algorithm can be implemented in the clinical   evaluation of orthognathic surgical outcome and postoperative relapse.   (C) 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons",10.1016/j.joms.2017.11.010
1796,InProceedings,A Conceptual Replication Study on Bugs that Get Fixed in Open Source   Software,"Bugs dominate the corrective maintenance and evolutionary changes in   large-scale software systems. The topic of bugs has been extensively   investigated and reported in the literature. Unfortunately, the   existential question of all ``whether a reported bug will be fixed or   not{''} has not received much attention. The paper presents an empirical   study on four open source projects to examine the factors that influence   the likelihood of a bug getting fixed or not. Overall, our study can be   contextualized as a conceptual replication of a previous study on   Microsoft systems from a commercial domain. The similarities and   differences in terms of the design, execution, and results between the   two studies are discussed. It was observed from these systems that the   reputations of the reporter and assigned developer to fix it, and the   number of comments on a bug have the most substantial impact on its   probability to get fixed. Moreover, we formulated a predictive model   from features available as soon as a bug is reported to estimate whether   it will be fixed or not. Intra and inter (cross) project validations   were performed. Precision and Recall metrics were used to assess the   predictive model. Their values were recorded in the 60\\% to 70\\% range.",10.1109/ICSME.2018.00039
1797,Article,A Multi-Institutional Perspective on H/FOSS Projects in the Computing   Curriculum,"Many computer science programs have capstone experiences or project   courses that allow students to integrate knowledge from the full breadth   of their major. Such capstone projects may be student-designed,   instructor-designed, designed in conjunction with outside companies, or   integrated with ongoing free and open source (FOSS) projects. The   literature shows that the FOSS approach has attracted a great deal of   interest, in particular when implemented with projects that have   humanitarian goals (HFOSS). In this article, we describe five unique   models from five distinct types of institutions for incorporating   sustained FOSS or HFOSS (alternatively H/FOSS) project work into   capstone experiences or courses. The goal is to provide instructors   wishing to integrate open source experiences into their curriculum with   additional perspectives and resources to help in adapting this approach   to the specific needs and goals of their institution and students. All   of the models presented are based on sustained engagement with H/FOSS   projects that last at least one semester and often more. Each model is   described in terms of its characteristics and how it fits the needs of   the institution using the model. Assessment of each model is also   presented. We then discuss the themes that are common across the models,   such as project selection, team formation, mentoring, and student   assessment. We examine the choices made by each model, as well as the   challenges faced. We end with a discussion how the models have leveraged   institutional initiatives and collaborations with outside organizations   to address some of the challenges associated with these projects.",10.1145/3145476
1801,Article,"A Multi-Temporal Analyses of Land Surface Temperature Using Landsat-8   Data and Open Source Software: The Case Study of Modena, Italy","The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, namely urban areas where the   atmospheric temperature is significantly higher than in the surrounding   rural areas, is currently a very well-known topic both in the scientific   community and in public debates. Growing urbanization is one of the   anthropic causes of UHI. The UHI phenomenon has a negative impact on the   life quality of the local population (thermal discomfort, summer thermal   shock, etc.), thus investigations and analyses on this topic are really   useful and important for correct and sustainable urban planning; this   study is included in this context. A multi-temporal analysis was   performed in the municipality of Modena (Italy) to identify and estimate   the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI, strictly correlated to the UHI   phenomenon) from 2014 to 2017. For this purpose, Landsat-8 satellite   images were processed with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS)   to obtain the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalized   Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). For every pixel, LST and NDVI values   of three regions of interest (ROI, i.e., Countryside, Suburbs, and City   Center) were extracted and their correlations were investigated. A   maximum variation of 6.4 degrees C in the LST values between City Center   and Countryside was highlighted, confirming the presence of the SUHI   phenomenon even in a medium-sized municipality like Modena. The   implemented procedure demonstrates that satellite data are suitable for   SUHI identification and estimation, therefore it could be a useful tool   for public administration for urban planning policies.",10.3390/su10051678
1803,Article,A Participation Architecture to Support User Peripheral Participation in a Hybrid FOSS Community,"Participation by product users is critical to success in free, open-source software (FOSS) software communities as they originate and develop valuable ideas for product innovation that are unlikely to originate from the core software development community. Users tend to be involved at the periphery of FOSS communities, suggesting new product ideas, highlighting problems with user documentation, or explaining when the product design fails to fit with the needs of their local user application domain. As an increasing number of FOSS projects employ a hybrid participation model that combines volunteer effort with paid software development effort or product support, it can be difficult for non-developer users to participate in product innovation. In colocated organizations, it is theorized that peripheral participants learn how to engage with the practices and cultural identity of a community through a sociocultural apprenticeship known as legitimate peripheral participation. But we have little literature that explores how legitimate peripheral participation is enabled in online communities.The research study presented in this article explores how participation by peripheral users in a hybrid FOSS project is afforded by participation architecture channels and community mechanisms that mediate two forms of engagement: a “cognitive apprenticeship” that introduces participants to situated domain activity, such as the community processes involved in product innovation, and a “social apprenticeship” by which participants become enculturated in the system of meanings, values, norms, and behaviors that govern community/participant identity. We identified five stages of community innovation, analyzing sociotechnical affordances of the online participation architecture that enable peripheral participants to internalize the meanings of community practice and to develop a social identity within the FOSS community. Our contribution to theory is provided by the substantive explanation of the cognitive and social translations that enable legitimate peripheral participation in online communities, mediated by sociotechnical access channels and mechanisms that afford two contrasting forms of opportunities for action: those resulting from interactions between a goal-oriented actor and the technology platform features or channels of participation, and those associated with the social structures, roles, and relationships underpinning community interactions. Neither of these is sufficient without the other. Our contribution to practice is provided by an explanation of how four distinct categories of affordance provide these cognitive and social apprenticeship benefits, allowing participation architecture designers to cater to all forms of peripheral user participation. We conclude that the technical affordances of a typical FOSS community participation architecture are insufficient to mediate peripheral participation by nontechnical users. Meaningful participation is mediated by interactions between boundary spanners who play knowledge-brokering and organizational bridging roles. The combination of technical and social affordances enables peripheral participants to acquire an interior view of community practices and social culture and in turn to introduce new ideas, new values, and new rationales to produce a generative dance of innovation that percolates through the community.",10.1145/3290837
1805,Article,A Portable Virtual LAB for Informatics Education using Open Source   Software MILAB,"The need for students to have hands-on experience is very important in   many disciplines to match the requirements of today's dynamic job   market. Informatics, which is the science of information engineering,   has been recently integrated into many academic programs. Teaching   students the main skills in modern software and web development is   essential for them to be successful informatics professionals. For any   informatics program, students engage in working on projects as essential   parts for some courses in their academic programs. This paper presents   the development and evaluation of MiLAB (My Mobile Informatics Lab), a   portable virtual lab environment for the teaching and learning of modern   web development skills. MiLAB has been integrated into an undergraduate   health informatics academic program to improve the teaching and learning   of essential web development skills, such as databases management and   customization of modern content management systems. The evaluation of   MiLAB indicated that it served as an interactive personal environment   for students to implement, collaborate, and present their web   development projects. Strengths, weaknesses and possible improvements   are also discussed.",NA
1807,Article,A Proposal for A High Availability Architecture for VoIP Telephone   Systems based on Open Source Software,"The inherent needs of organizations to improve and amplify their   technological platform entail large expenses with the goal to enhance   their performance. Hence, they have to contemplate mechanisms of   optimization and the improvement of their operational infrastructure. In   this direction arises the need to guarantee the correct operation and   non-degradation of the services provided by the platform during the   periods with a significant load of work This type of scenario is   perfectly applicable to the field of VoIP technologies, where users   generate elevated loads of work on critical points of the   infrastructure, during the process of interaction with their peers. In   this research work, we propose a solution for high availability, with   the goal of maintaining the continuity of the operation of communication   environments based on the SIP protocol in high load. We validate our   proposal through numerous experiments. Also, we compare our solution   with other classical VoIP scenarios and show the advantages of a high   availability and fault tolerance architecture for organizations.",NA
1808,InProceedings,A Structural Analysis Method of OSS Development Community Evolution   Based on A Semantic Graph Model,"Network structures of OSS (Open Source Software) development communities   are becoming more and more complicated. Various mining techniques have   been applied to the repositories of OSS communities. However, structure   analysis of OSS development community evolution has not been   established. In this article, we propose SCGM (Software Community Graph   Model), a new class of graph models to define the OSS development   community. Based on the SCGM, we propose a structural analysis method of   OSS development community evolution. To automate the analysis method, a   prototype system is implemented with the graph DB Neo4j. We applied the   proposed method and prototype system to four major machine learning OSS   communities, Caffe, Chainer, Jubatus, and Tensorflow, for over five   years on GitHub. From the analysis, we discovered three novel   characteristics of community evolution, 1) three layered community   evolution models consisting of the Core, Semi-core and Non-core members,   2) three developer growth patterns in terms of contribution behavior,   and 3) evolutional changes according to the interaction among   developers, which is a major contribution of this work. Based on the   experiments, we demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the   proposed method.",10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.00046
1809,Article,A Study on the Field Data Applicability of Seismic Data Processing using   Open-source Software (Madagascar),"We performed the seismic field data processing using an open-source   software (Madagascar) to verify if it is applicable to processing of   field data, which has low signal-to-noise ratio and high uncertainties   in velocities. The Madagascar, based on Python, is usually supposed to   be better in the development of processing technologies due to its   capabilities of multidimensional data analysis and reproducibility.   However, this open-source software has not been widely used so far for   field data processing because of complicated interfaces and data   structure system. To verify the effectiveness of the Madagascar software   on field data, we applied it to a typical seismic data processing flow   including data loading, geometry build-up, F-K filter, predictive   deconvolution, velocity analysis, normal moveout correction, stack, and   migration. The field data for the test were acquired in Gunsan Basin,   Yellow Sea using a streamer consisting of 480 channels and 4 arrays of   air-guns. The results at all processing step are compared with those   processed with Landmark's ProMAX (SeisSpace R5000) which is a commercial   processing software. Madagascar shows relatively high efficiencies in   data IO and management as well as reproducibility. Additionally, it   shows quick and exact calculations in some automated procedures such as   stacking velocity analysis. There were no remarkable differences in the   results after applying the signal enhancement flows of both software.   For the deeper part of the substructure image, however, the commercial   software shows better results than the open-source software. This is   simply because the commercial software has various flows for de-multiple   and provides interactive processing environments for delicate processing   works compared to Madagascar. Considering that many researchers around   the world are developing various data processing algorithms for   Madagascar, we can expect that the open-source software such as   Madagascar can be widely used for commercial-level processing with the   strength of expandability, cost effectiveness and reproducibility.",10.7582/GGE.2018.21.3.171
1810,Article,A multi-release software reliability modeling for open source software   incorporating dependent fault detection process,"The increasing dependence of our modern society on software systems has   driven the development of software products become even more competitive   and time-consuming. Single release software product no longer meets the   increasing market requirements. Thereby it is important to release   multiple version software products in order to add new features in the   next release and fix remaining faults from previous release. In this   paper, we develop a multi-release software reliability model with   consideration of the remaining software faults from previous release and   the new introduced-faults (from newly added features). Additionally,   dependent fault detection process is taken into account in this   research. In particular, the detection of a new fault for developing the   next release depends on the detection of the remaining faults from   previous release and the detection of the new introduced-faults. The   proposed model is validated on the open source software project datasets   with multiple releases.",10.1007/s10479-017-2556-6
1812,InProceedings,Achieving Equilibrium through Coworking: Work-Life Balance in FLOSS   through Multiple Spaces and Media Use,"Participants in FLOSS (Free/Libre Open Source Software) projects are   atypical in their collaborative practices given the high demand for   virtual work. Through a study of workers from two organizations working   on FLOSS projects we identify the boundaries, in terms of productivity   and quality of life, of virtual work and actions workers take in order   to find a work-life balance. We found that although workers valued the   flexibility of working from home, they had difficulty focusing on their   work for sustained time periods and often felt isolated. This motivated   them to use coworking spaces - physical spaces used as work space by   workers not on the same team or even the same firm - as a critical part   of their space ecology. In conjunction with their media ecology - a mix   of communication technologies including IRC - the space/media mix   allowed them to balance their work and personal lives. We draw   implications for better supporting FLOSS and virtual work practices   through design of media/space and work practices.",10.1145/3233391.3233531
1816,InProceedings,Adoption of the visual brainstorming technique in the open source software development process,"The growth in the number of non-developer open source software (OSS) application users and the escalating use of these applications have both created a need for and interest in developing usable OSS. OSS communities are unclear about which techniques to use in each activity of the development process. The aim of our research is to adopt the visual brainstorming usability technique in the HistoryCal OSS project and determine the feasibility of adapting the technique for application. To do this, we participated as volunteers in the HistoryCal project. We used the case study research method to investigate technique application and community participation. We identified adverse conditions that were an obstacle to technique application and modified the technique to make it applicable. We can conclude from our experience that these changes were helpful for applying the technique, although it was not easy to recruit OSS users to participate in usability technique application.",10.1145/3183440.3194946
1817,Article,Agile Acceptance Test-Driven Development of Clinical Decision Support   Advisories: Feasibility of Using Open Source Software,"Background: Moving to electronic health records (EHRs) confers   substantial benefits but risks unintended consequences. Modern EHRs   consist of complex software code with extensive local configurability   options, which can introduce defects. Defects in clinical decision   support (CDS) tools are surprisingly common. Feasible approaches to   prevent and detect defects in EHR configuration, including CDS tools,   are needed. In complex software systems, use of test-driven development   and automated regression testing promotes reliability. Test-driven   development encourages modular, testable design and expanding regression   test coverage. Automated regression test suites improve software   quality, providing a ``safety net{''} for future software modifications.   Each automated acceptance test serves multiple purposes, as requirements   (prior to build), acceptance testing (on completion of build),   regression testing (once live), and ``living{''} design documentation.   Rapid-cycle development or ``agile{''} methods are being successfully   applied to CDS development. The agile practice of automated test-driven   development is not widely adopted, perhaps because most EHR software   code is vendor-developed. However, key CDS advisory configuration design   decisions and rules stored in the EHR may prove amenable to automated   testing as ``executable requirements.{''}   Objective: We aimed to establish feasibility of acceptance test-driven   development of clinical decision support advisories in a commonly used   EHR, using an open source automated acceptance testing framework   (FitNesse).   Methods: Acceptance tests were initially constructed as spreadsheet   tables to facilitate clinical review. Each table specified one aspect of   the CDS advisory's expected behavior. Table contents were then imported   into a test suite in FitNesse, which queried the EHR database to   automate testing. Tests and corresponding CDS configuration were   migrated together from the development environment to production, with   tests becoming part of the production regression test suite.   Results: We used test-driven development to construct a new CDS tool   advising Emergency Department nurses to perform a swallowing assessment   prior to administering oral medication to a patient with suspected   stroke. Test tables specified desired behavior for (1) applicable   clinical settings, (2) triggering action, (3) rule logic, (4) user   interface, and (5) system actions in response to user input. Automated   test suite results for the ``executable requirements{''} are shown prior   to building the CDS alert, during build, and after successful build.   Conclusions: Automated acceptance test-driven development and continuous   regression testing of CDS configuration in a commercial EHR proves   feasible with open source software. Automated test-driven development   offers one potential contribution to achieving high-reliability EHR   configuration. Vetting acceptance tests with clinicians elicits their   input on crucial configuration details early during initial CDS design   and iteratively during rapid-cycle optimization.",10.2196/medinform.9679
1819,InProceedings,Agile Challenges and Chances for Open Source: Lessons learned from   Managing a FLOSS Project,"Open source projects got an important part today's software landscape.   Thousands of these projects are collaboratively driven by communities   following a shared vision. But governing open communities towards this   shared vision comes along with various difficulties. In general, agile   methods allow to manage such systems of collaborative development and   constant change. But as this work shows, the agile approach not only   provides chances in open settings. A variety of challenges occur that   need to be considered. The case of Catrobat, a Free/Libre Open Source   project, shows that although open source development and agile methods   evolved over the last years, the dynamics of open communities still   challenge the agile way. However, evaluating and understanding these   dynamics, as well as introducing agile elements, such as the role of   product owners, can be beneficial for managing open systems and to drive   it into a common direction together with the contributors.",NA
1820,InProceedings,Almost There: A Study on Quasi-Contributors in Open Source Software   Projects,"Recent studies suggest that well-known OSS projects struggle to find the   needed workforce to continue evolving-in part because external   developers fail to overcome their first contribution barriers. In this   paper, we investigate how and why quasi-contributors (external   developers who did not succeed in getting their contributions accepted   to an OSS project) fail. To achieve our goal. we collected data from 21   popular, non-trivial GitHub projects, identified quasi-contributors, and   analyzed their pull-requests. In addition, we conducted surveys with   quasi-contributors, and project's integrators, to understand their   perceptions about nonacceptance. We found 10,099 quasi-contributors   about 70\\% of the total actual contributors that submitted 12,367   nonaccepted pull-requests. In five projects, we found more   quasi-contributors than actual contributors. About one-third of the   developers who took our survey disagreed with the nonacceptance, and   around 30\\% declared the nonacceptance demotivated or prevented them   from placing another pull-request. The main reasons for pull-request   nonacceptance from the quasicontributors' perspective were   ``superseded/duplicated pull-request{''} and ``mismatch between   developer's and team's vision/opinion{''} A manual analysis of a   representative sample of 263 pull-requests corroborated with this   finding. We also found reasons related to the relationship with the   community and lack of experience or commitment from the   quasi-contributors. This empirical study is particularly relevant to   those interested in fostering developers' participation and retention in   OSS communities.",10.1145/3180155.3180208
1822,InProceedings,An Approach to Investigating Proactive Knowledge Retention in OSS   Communities,"Open Source Software (OSS) is the manifestation of software developed   and released under an ``open source{''} license, meaning that under   certain conditions; it is openly available for use, inspection,   modification, and for redistribution free of cost, or with cost based on   the license agreement. The transient nature of work force results in   turnover induced knowledge loss in OSS projects. Knowledge loss   phenomenon refers to loss of experience and expertise in OSS projects   due to leaving contributors, whose knowledge remains unshared with other   contributors. The outcome of this work is the research methodology, to   contribute towards the formation of proactive knowledge retention   practices in OSS projects to transform contributor's use of knowledge   and engagement in knowledge relevant activities including knowledge   sharing and knowledge transfer.",10.1007/978-3-319-97925-0\\_9
1823,Article,An Empirical Study on Security Knowledge Sharing and Learning in Open   Source Software Communities,"Open source software (OSS) security has been the focus of the security   community and practitioners over the past decades. However, the number   of new vulnerabilities keeps increasing in today's OSS systems. With   today's increasingly important and complex OSS, lacking software   security knowledge to handle security vulnerabilities in OSS development   will result in more breaches that are serious in the future. Learning   software security is a difficult and challenging task since the domain   is quite context specific and the real project situation is necessary to   apply the security concepts within the specific system. Many OSS   proponents believe that the OSS community offers significant learning   opportunities from its best practices. However, studies that   specifically explore security knowledge sharing and learning in OSS   communities are scarce. This research is intended to fill this gap by   empirically investigating factors that affect knowledge sharing and   learning about software security and the relationship among them. A   conceptual model is proposed that helps to conceptualize the linkage   between socio-technical practices and software security learning   processes in OSS communities. A questionnaire and statistical analytical   techniques were employed to test hypothesized relationships in the model   to gain a better understanding of this research topic.",10.3390/computers7040049
1824,InProceedings,An Evaluation of Open-Source Software Microbenchmark Suites for   Continuous Performance Assessment,"Continuous integration (CI) emphasizes quick feedback to developers.   This is at odds with current practice of performance testing, which   predominantely focuses on long-running tests against entire systems in   production-like environments. Alternatively, software microbenchmarking   attempts to establish a performance baseline for small code fragments in   short time. This paper investigates the quality of microbenchmark suites   with a focus on suitability to deliver quick performance feedback and CI   integration. We study ten open-source libraries written in Java and Go   with benchmark suite sizes ranging from 16 to 983 tests, and runtimes   between 11 minutes and 8.75 hours. We show that our study subjects   include benchmarks with result variability of 50\\% or higher, indicating   that not all benchmarks are useful for reliable discovery of slow-downs.   We further artificially inject actual slowdowns into public API methods   of the study subjects and test whether test suites are able to discover   them. We introduce a performance-test quality metric called the API   benchmarking score (ABS). ABS represents a benchmark suite's ability to   find slowdowns among a set of defined core API methods. Resulting   benchmarking scores (i.e., fraction of discovered slowdowns) vary   between 10\\% and 100\\% for the study subjects. This paper's methodology   and results can be used to (1) assess the quality of existing   microbenchmark suites, (2) select a set of tests to be run as part of   CI, and (3) suggest or generate benchmarks for currently untested parts   of an API.",10.1145/3196398.3196407
1825,InProceedings,An Open Source Software Defect Estimation Tool (SweET),"Engineered systems increasingly depend on software. As a result, system   and software engineers require efficient methods to track defect   identification and removal efforts during the software development   lifecycle. To support such activities, we have developed a free and open   source version of the SoftWare Error Estimation Program (SWEEP), named   SweET (Software Defect Estimation Tool), which has not been publicly   available to the software engineering community for several years.   SWEEP's four modes have been simplified and combined into three modes   namely, (i) time-based, (ii) phase-based, and (iii) defect insertion in   SweET. Moreover, SweET uses the Weibull model, which is more flexible   than the Rayleigh model included in SWEEP. Furthermore, the model   fitting performed with least squares estimation in SWEEP has been   replaced with an expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm,   which is both stable and efficient.",10.1109/RAM.2018.8463122
1827,Article,An SRGM for Multi-Release Open Source Software System,"A number of software reliability growth models have been reported in the   literature for open source software (OSS) systems but the effect of   up-gradations on the reliability growth of multi-releases of such   software systems has been discussed by a few. In this paper, the   discrete modeling framework has been proposed to study the reliability   growth process of OSS systems with multiple releases. The proposed model   is based upon the assumption that during up-gradation some new faults   are introduced in the code in addition to the left over fault content of   the previous version. To validate our model, we have chosen two   successful open source projects-Mozilla and Apache for its multi release   failure datasets. Graphs representing goodness of fit of the proposed   model have been drawn. The parameter estimates and measures of goodness   of fit criteria suggest that the proposed software reliability growth   model for multi-release OSS fits the actual datasets very well. An   optimal release policy has been formulated by taking into account the   cost of fault removal during testing and operational phases and   reliability targets pre-specified by the decision makers. In addition,   numerical example along with the sensitivity analysis has been provided   to illustrate optimal release policy.",10.1142/S0219877018500116
1829,Article,An open-source software ecosystem for the interactive exploration of   ultrafast electron scattering data,"This paper details a software ecosystem comprising three free and   open-source Python packages for processing raw ultrafast electron   scattering (UES) data and interactively exploring the processed data.   The first package, iris, is graphical user-interface program and library   for interactive exploration of UES data. Under the hood, iris makes use   of npstreams, an extensions of numpy to streaming array-processing, for   high-throughput parallel data reduction. Finally, we present scikit-ued,   a library of reusable routines and data structures for analysis of UES   data, including specialized image processing algorithms, simulation   routines, and crystal structure manipulation operations. In this paper,   some of the features or all three packages are highlighted, such as   parallel data reduction, image registration, interactive exploration.   The packages are fully tested and documented and are released under   permissive licenses.",10.1186/s40679-018-0060-y
1830,Article,Application of Open-Source Software in Community Heritage Resources   Management,"In this paper, we present a case study of community heritage resources   investigation and management, which was a collaborative project   conducted by researchers and participants from rural communities.   Geotagged photos were obtained using smart phones, and 360-degree   panoramas were acquired using a robotic camera system. These images were   then uploaded to a web-based GIS (WebGIS) developed using   Arches-Heritage Inventory Package (HIP), an open-source geospatial   software system for cultural heritage inventory and management. By   providing various tools for resources annotation, data exploration,   mapping, geovisualization, and spatial analysis, the WebGIS not only   serves as a platform for heritage resources database management, but   also empowers the community residents to acquire, share, interpret, and   analyze the data. The results show that this type of collaborative   working model between researcher and community can promote public   awareness of the importance of heritage conservation and achieve the   research goal more effectively and efficiently.",10.3390/ijgi7110426
1831,InProceedings,Applying an open source software assessment model to select BI tools in   public organizations,"Public organizations face difficulties in manipulating data essential   for implementing efficient management, which compromises the quality of   the services provided by these institutions. The use of Business   Intelligence (BI) tools can contribute to the improvement of the   organizational processes of these organizations. However, the high   financial cost, in many cases, makes it impossible for public   institutions to acquire proprietary BI solutions. An alternative is the   use of solutions based on free and/or open source software. To identify,   among the available OSS-based BI tools, which is the most appropriate   for implementation in public bodies, it is necessary to apply some   specific model for evaluation and selection. The literature describes   several generic methods for assessing and comparing OSS. In this work,   we select a suitable method and derive a model for the comparison and   selection of OSS-based BI tools able to meet the demands of public   organizations. In addition, through a case study, we demonstrate how   this model can be used in the selection of a tool that can contribute to   the improvement of information management in an organizational   environment.",10.1145/3229345.3229359
1833,Article,Artistic practices with free software: generative art and food workshop,"In 2015, on January 10, 17 and 20, The Generative Art and Food workshop:   designing with Processing, was held in the facilities of the Telefonica   Foundation and the Faculty of Fine Arts of The Complutense University of   Madrid. The objective was to extract some of the patterns that occur in   food and nature to generate images by using Processing, a programming   language in an integrated development environment that usually serves   the development of multimedia projects, inserted in the free software   technology. The result was generative designs and repetition structures   that generated a pattern, to be later printed on canvas using   permeographic techniques. The article aims to show the processes of   creation in artistic practice, through an innovative workshop for the   exhibition context where it was made. The practice showed how creativity   within an avant-garde environment such as haute cuisine chef Ferran   Adria, must adapt to the changing reality and the development of new   technologies. In every creative process, specific technological skills   are combined with the expressive abilities of the artist. For this   purpose, the open source program Proccesing was used as a creation tool,   whose growing progress in free software initiatives is becoming   increasingly evident in artistic practice and teaching research.",10.17561/rtc.n14.7
1834,InProceedings,Assumptions in OSS Development: An Exploratory Study through the   Hibernate Developer Mailing List,"Developers constantly make various assumptions regarding requirements,   environment, design decisions, etc. during software development.   However, these assumptions are usually implicit and undocumented and   there is a lack of understanding regarding what assumptions have been   made and discussed in software development. Open Source Software (OSS)   is recently becoming an important part of software industry. To this   end, we conducted an exploratory study on assumptions in OSS   development. We extracted and analyzed 9006 posts from the developer   mailing list of Hibernate (a popular OSS project), in order to explore   (1) assumption expression and (2) classification, (3) the trend of   assumptions over time, and (4) related software artifacts of assumptions   in OSS development. We identified 832 assumptions from the Hibernate   developer mailing list. The findings are: (1) most of the assumptions   are expressed as ``Feature Request{''} and ``Solution Proposal{''}; (2)   more than half of the identified assumptions are design assumptions and   are made for software design; (3) assumptions exist in the whole OSS   development lifecycle; and (4) the major category of related artifacts   of assumptions is ``Design Document{''}.",10.1109/APSEC.2018.00060
1835,Article,Attacking an ERP with Open Source Software,"Information security is a growing concern in companies and   organizations, being even higher when linked to financial platforms   where sensitive information exists. This article explains the techniques   used in the pentesting performed on the ERP software developed in APEX 5   by the University of Azuay. To achieve this goal, six stages has been   considered for perform a penetration test: I) Conceptualization, where   is defined the scope of the tests to be performed. II) Preparation of   the laboratory, which identifies some of the tools used to initiate the   safety tests. III) Obtaining of information, where the possible objects   are recognized and scanned in greater depth to identify intrinsic   characteristics for subsequently exploit them. IV) Analysis of the   vulnerabilities found in the previous stage. V) Exploitation of   vulnerabilities; and VI) Post- exploitation, a stage that contemplates   the destruction of evidence of the attack and the conservation of the   connection and the accesses obtained to extract information. All these   stages were carried out within the facilities of the ``Universidad del   Azuay{''}, considering the development environment in which this   software is currently located.",NA
1836,InProceedings,"Attitudes Towards the Uptake of Open Source Software by Small and Medium   Enterprises in the Western Cape, South Africa","This paper focuses on the uptake of open source software in small and   medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Western Cape. SMEs aim to become   more efficient and competitive, but often experience challenges. Open   Source Software (OSS) is considered to yield key benefits for SMEs   because it is free to access, distribute and customise, peer-reviewed   for reliability. However, certain drawbacks can hinder SMEs from   adopting OSS such as uncertain support, need for technical skill for   usage, incomplete functionality to mention a few. The broadband   initiative in the Western Cape looked to enable the access of OSS online   through the provision of broadband internet for organisations including   SMEs. This research was aimed, through a qualitative analysis, mainly at   examining the attitude of SMEs toward OSS by analysing the benefits as   well as the drawbacks of using OSS. The research also analysed the   effect of the broadband initiative on the attitude of SMEs toward OSS   uptake. Additionally, the roles that intermediaries undertake in OSS   communities for promoting the uptake of OSS in SMEs, which were   investigated were decentralised school, bridging school, arterial   school, communities of practice and ecosystems school. These   intermediary roles were analysed to find out which role would be most   significant for facilitating OSS uptake.",NA
1837,Article,Attributes of Bio-Oss<SUP>®</SUP> and Moa-Bone<SUP>®</SUP> graft   materials in a pilot study using the sheep maxillary sinus model,"Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to characterize   surface morphology and to evaluate resorption and osseous healing of two   deproteinated bovine bone graft materials after sinus grafting in a   large animal model.   Material and MethodsSurfaces of a novel particulate bovine bone graft,   Moa-Bone((R)) were compared with Bio-Oss((R)) using scanning electron   microscopy. Six sheep then had maxillary sinus grafting bilaterally,   covered with BioGide((R)). Grafted maxillae were harvested after 4, 6   and 12weeks. Healing was described for half of each site using   resin-embedded ground sections. For the other half, paraffin-embedded   sections were examined using tartrate resistant acid phosphatase   staining for osteoclast activity, runt-related transcription factor2   immunohistochemistry for pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts and   proliferating cell nuclear antigen for proliferative cells.   ResultsMoa-Bone((R)) had a smoother, more porous fibrous structure with   minimal globular particles compared with Bio-Oss((R)). After 4weeks,   woven bone formed on both grafts and the Moa-Bone((R)) particles also   showed signs of resorption. After 12weeks, Moa-Bone((R)) continued to be   resorbed, however Bio-Oss((R)) did not; both grafts were surrounded by   maturing lamellar bone. Moa-Bone((R)) was associated with earlier   evidence of runt-related transcription factor 2-positive cells.   Moa-Bone((R)) but not Bio-Oss((R)) was associated with strong tartrate   resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts on the graft surface   within resorption lacunae at both 4 and 6weeks post-grafting.   ConclusionBoth materials supported osseous healing and maturation   without inflammation. Moa-Bone((R)) showed marked osteoclast activity   after 4 and 6weeks and demonstrated positive attributes for grafting, if   complete remodeling of the graft within the site is desired. Further   optimization of Moa-Bone((R)) for maxillofacial applications is   warranted.",10.1111/jre.12490
1838,InProceedings,Augmenting Cloud concepts learning with Open source software environment,"Cloud computing technology usage has emerged as a prominent field in   providing the computation services to the users using the internet. The   3As-AnyTime, AnyWhere and AnyDevice concept changed the industry towards   user-centric needs to collaborate and connect with people, which makes   software industries to adopt the cloud-based development environment.   This created the scope for educationist to enable the students with the   skills related to cloud computing technology. A course on distributed   and cloud computing is introduced at the undergraduate level for   catering to this. The authors discuss the challenges faced in   teaching-learning cloud computing technology and the method followed to   overcome these. The two main challenges are designing the course content   and adopting suitable open source infrastructure tools for hands-on   experience. The authors have put efforts in adoption and usage of cloud   computing in undergraduate engineering level by proposing a modified   Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This model helped to identify   different parameters/attributes to improve academic performance. An   activity-based laboratory course is designed in line with the theory   course. All the activities are implemented using the open source   software environment. The activities planned in the course are assessed   based on the outcome based evaluation. The graduate attribute addressed   in the course are domain knowledge gain in cloud computing concepts,   problem-solving, usage of modern tools and life-long learning. The   average attainment of the stated graduate attribute is 77.89\\% in the   course internal semester assessment. The effectiveness of proposed   method is validated by defining hypotheses relating to the research   questions framed. Results prominently speak about the advantage of TAM   and its implementation in the course.",NA
1839,Article,"Bedforms-ATM, an open source software to analyze the scale-based   hierarchies and dimensionality of natural bed forms","Bedforms-ATM (Bed forms analysis toolkit for multiscale modeling) is a   software designed to hierarchize and quantify the dimensionality of   natural bed forms fields. It comprises four modular applications,   namely: (1) wavelet analysis, (2) Hovmoller analysis, (3) multiscale   discrimination, and (4) three-dimensionality analysis. Bedforms-ATM also   provides insights on bed form systems dynamics and their   interrelationship with the surrounding hydrodynamic characteristics. The   software structure encourages its expandability via the collaboration   from the community of users. Both fluvial and synthetic bed form data   accompany Bedforms-ATM. (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.softx.2018.06.001
1840,InProceedings,Beyond Metadata: Code-centric and Usage-based Analysis of Known   Vulnerabilities in Open-source Software,"The use of open-source software (OSS) is ever-increasing, and so is the   number of open-source vulnerabilities being discovered and publicly   disclosed. The gains obtained from the reuse of community-developed   libraries may be offset by the cost of detecting, assessing, and   mitigating their vulnerabilities in a timely manner.   In this paper we present a novel method to detect, assess and mitigate   OSS vulnerabilities that improves on state-of-the-art approaches, which   commonly depend on metadata to identify vulnerable OSS dependencies. Our   solution instead is code-centric and combines static and dynamic   analysis to determine the reachability of the vulnerable portion of   libraries used (directly or transitively) by an application. Taking this   usage into account, our approach then supports developers in choosing   among the existing non-vulnerable library versions.   Vulas, the tool implementing our code-centric and usage-based approach,   is officially recommended by SAP to scan its Java software, and has been   successfully used to perform more than 250000 scans of about 500   applications since December 2016. We report on our experience and on the   lessons we learned when maturing the tool from a research prototype to   an industrial-grade solution.",10.1109/ICSME.2018.00054
1842,InProceedings,Bridging the Diversity Gap in Computer Science with a Course on Open   Source Software,"Stereotype threat, impostor syndrome, lacking a sense of belonging, and   misconceptions about the field are just some of the reasons that   contribute to the increasing diversity gap in Computer Science. To   address this, our institution has developed an undergraduate course in   which students contribute to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)   projects under the guidance of a dedicated mentor. By contributing to   FOSS projects, students can: find a mentor or role model; collaborate   with, participate in, and contribute to a welcoming and supporting   community; and see that they can have real-world positive impact. This   paper describes the course and our experiences in teaching it, and   provides evidence that it can have a positive impact on diversity by   increasing retention and improving students' confidence.",NA
1843,InProceedings,Building a Social Platform Using FLOSS to Support Collaborative   Communities: The ReWeee Case Study,"In this paper we present the development of a collaborative community   using exclusively open source software. After the definition of the   functional requirements of the project, we focus on finding specific   software components to satisfy these requirements. The intention was to   minimize the development effort and labor, relying on open source   software. As a result, the platform was developed writing less than 10\\%   of the required code and reusing more than 20 software components, not   counting the software dependencies. The new components developed form   our contribution to the community.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_14
1844,InProceedings,Building virtualized 5G networks using open source software,"The upcoming 5G mobile networks will not only bring high data rates but   also deliver flexibility and adaptability, which is conveyed by the   virtualization of the mobile network. Unfortunately, virtualization of   mobile networks is not well understood, and the work described in this   paper aims at investigating and elucidating the particular matter. As a   starting point, OpenAirinterface, an open source mobile communication   software is selected for first virtualization and then cloudification.   In addition to the descriptions of the virtualization and   cloudification, the paper also provides key findings and lessons learned   of the experiments.",NA
1845,Article,Change profile analysis of open-source software systems to understand   their evolutionary behavior,"Source code management systems (such as git) record changes to code   repositories of Open-Source Software (OSS) projects. The metadata about   a change includes a change message to record the intention of the   change. Classification of changes, based on change messages, into   different change types has been explored in the past to understand the   evolution of software systems from the perspective of change size and   change density only. However, software evolution analysis based on   change classification with a focus on change evolution patterns is still   an open research problem. This study examines change messages of 106 OSS   projects, as recorded in the git repository, to explore their   evolutionary patterns with respect to the types of changes performed   over time. An automated keyword-based classifier technique is applied to   the change messages to categorize the changes into various types   (corrective, adaptive, perfective, preventive, and enhancement). Cluster   analysis helps to uncover distinct change patterns that each change type   follows. We identify three categories of 106 projects for each change   type: high activity, moderate activity, and low activity. Evolutionary   behavior is different for projects of different categories. The projects   with high and moderate activity receive maximum changes during 76-81   months of the project lifetime. The project attributes such as the   number of committers, number of files changed, and total number of   commits seem to contribute the most to the change activity of the   projects. The statistical findings show that the change activity of a   project is related to the number of contributors, amount of work done,   and total commits of the projects irrespective of the change type.   Further, we explored languages and domains of projects to correlate   change types with domains and languages of the projects. The statistical   analysis indicates that there is no significant and strong relation of   change types with domains and languages of the 106 projects.",10.1007/s11704-016-6301-0
1846,Article,Change-Oriented Open Source Software Process Simulation,"The goal of our research is to find better ways for assessing the impact   of changes to the software projects and the cost-effectiveness of   process improvement strategies. To support decision-makers in analyzing   changes effects and finding the optimal improvements of software process   in a given project, a process simulation model using the system dynamics   modeling technique is proposed and used in the context of a case study   with open source software. Details of the system dynamics model, its   usage scenarios and simulation experiments are provided. With the help   of the simulation model, the process quality attributes of the open   source software Spring Framework with varying change effects was   evaluated. The project effort, delivery time, productivity, schedule,   and product quality are impacted as a result of changes. Three different   process improvement strategies were evaluated to help decision-makers   choose most cost-effective improvement strategies. The simulation models   can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the impact of changes,   reason about the process improvement, and support consensus building by   visualizing dynamic views of the process.",10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2880998
1847,Article,"Choosing Component Origins for Software Intensive Systems: In-House,   COTS, OSS or Outsourcing?-A Case Survey","The choice of which software component to use influences the success of   a software system. Only a few empirical studies investigate how the   choice of components is conducted in industrial practice. This is   important to understand to tailor research solutions to the needs of the   industry. Existing studies focus on the choice for off-the-shelf (OTS)   components. It is, however, also important to understand the   implications of the choice of alternative component sourcing options   (CSOs), such as outsourcing versus the use of OTS. Previous research has   shown that the choice has major implications on the development process   as well as on the ability to evolve the system. The objective of this   study is to explore how decision making took place in industry to choose   among CSOs. Overall, 22 industrial cases have been studied through a   case survey. The results show that the solutions specifically for CSO   decisions are deterministic and based on optimization approaches. The   non-deterministic solutions proposed for architectural group decision   making appear to suit the CSO decision making in industry better.   Interestingly, the final decision was perceived negatively in nine cases   and positively in seven cases, while in the remaining cases it was   perceived as neither positive nor negative.",10.1109/TSE.2017.2677909
1849,InProceedings,"Co-membership, Networks Ties, and OSS Success: An Investigation   Controlling for Alternative Mechanisms of Knowledge Flow","Co-membership has been considered as a major mechanism for constructing   social networks, but it has met many criticisms over time for failing to   control for alternative mechanisms for knowledge flow. Although social   networks constructed in online environment can reduce such   possibilities, it is not without limitations. One possible mechanism for   learning and knowledge flow is direct watching and observation. This   study investigates the impact of co-membership taking into account the   alternative mechanism of watching under the setting of OSS development   at GitHub. It finds that both co-membership and watching contribute   positively to OSS success, and thus shows the co-existence of both   experiential learning and vicarious learning for OSS development.   Moreover, it finds the impact of co-membership is much stronger than   watching. While the impact of co-membership may be biased in prior   literature, this study confirms that co-membership is indeed an   effective mechanism for constructing online social networks for   knowledge flow.",NA
1851,InProceedings,Companies' domination in FLOSS development: an empirical study of OpenStack,"Because of the increasing acceptance and possibly expanding market of free/libre open source software (FLOSS), the spectrum and scale of companies that participate in FLOSS development have substantially expanded in recent years. Companies get involved in FLOSS projects to acquire user innovations [3, 12], to reduce costs [8, 11], to make money on complementary services [13], etc. Such intense involvement may change the nature of FLOSS development and pose critical challenges for the sustainability of the projects. For example, it has been found that a company's full control and intense involvement is associated with a decrease of volunteer inflow [13]. Sometimes a project may fail after one company pulls resources from the project [13]. This raises concerns about the domination of one company in a project. In large projects like OpenStack, there are often hundreds of companies involved in contributing code. Despite substantial researches on commercial participation, whether or not one company dominates a project and the impact of such domination has never been explicitly explored. We investigate four main projects of OpenStack, a large ecosystem that has had a tremendous impact on computing and society, to answer the following research questions: Does one company dominate the project's development (RQ1)? If the answer to RQ1 is yes, does the domination affect the community (RQ2)?",10.1145/3183440.3195047
1853,Article,Comprehensive survey of the IoT open-source OSs,"The Internet of things ( IoT) has attracted a great deal of research and   industry attention recently and is envisaged to support diverse emerging   domains including smart cities, health informatics, and smart sensory   platforms. Operating system (OS) support for IoT plays a pivotal role in   developing scalable and interoperable applications that are reliable and   efficient. IoT is implemented by both high-end and low-end devices that   require OSs. Recently, the authors have witnessed a diversity of OSs   emerging into the IoT environment to facilitate IoT deployments and   developments. In this study, they present a comprehensive overview of   the common and existing open-source OSs for IoT. Each OS is described in   detail based on a set of designing and developmental aspects that they   established. These aspects include architecture and kernel, programming   model, scheduling, memory management, networking protocols support,   simulator support, security, power consumption, and support for   multimedia. They present a taxonomy of the current IoT open-source OSs.   The objective of this survey is to provide a well structured guide to   developers and researchers to determine the most appropriate OS for each   specific IoT devices/applications based on their functional and   non-functional requirements. They remark that this is the first such   tutorial style paper on IoT OSs.",10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5033
1854,InProceedings,Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of a Thin Liquid Cooling Heat Sink   Using Free Software,"Because of the increase of heat generation density and high-density   packaging, the limits of air cooling are being reached and demand for   liquid cooling systems for electronics is increasing. Utilization of CFD   simulation for the optimized design of flow passages in various   configurations is needed. In this study, for optimization of mini   channel structure in liquid cooling, OpenFOAM is employed. OpenFOAM is   an open-source CFD toolbox with various functions and high parallel   computation efficiency. By using OpenFOAM, details of heat transfer and   fluid transport in the mini channel are evaluated, and strategy of   optimization of mini channel structure is discussed. We aim to validate   a numerical model using this tool and experimental data, to investigate   other configurations.",NA
1855,InProceedings,Considerations for Adapting Real-World Open Source Software Projects   within the Classroom,"As Open Source Software (OSS) has become one of the main approaches for   developing new software products, efforts to incorporate real-world OSS   projects into the computer science classroom have increased. This paper   reviews such efforts and discusses the benefits and challenges of   adapting OSS projects in software development or engineering courses. It   also presents considerations for selecting and using OSS projects for   in-classroom software development.",NA
1856,InProceedings,Constructing Supply Chains in Open Source Software,"The supply chain is an extremely successful way to cope with the risk   posed by distributed decision making in product sourcing and   distribution. While open source software has similarly distributed   decision making and involves code and information flows similar to those   in ordinary supply chains, the actual networks necessary to quantify and   communicate risks in software supply chains have not been constructed on   large scale. This work proposes to close this gap by measuring   dependency, code reuse, and knowledge flow networks in open source   software. We have done preliminary work by developing suitable tools and   methods that rely on public version control data to measure and   comparing these networks for R language and emberjs packages. We propose   ways to calculate the three networks for the entirety of public   software, evaluate their accuracy, and to provide public infrastructure   to build risk assessment and mitigation tools for various individual and   organizational participants in open sources software. We hope that this   infrastructure will contribute to more predictable experience with OSS   and lead to its even wider adoption.",10.1145/3183440.3183454
1859,Article,Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of   the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS),"Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Oxford Shoulder Score   (OSS) to the European Portuguese language, and to test its reliability   (internal consistency, reproducibility and measurement error) and   validity (construct validity).   Methods: The OSS Portuguese version was obtained through translations,   back-translations, consensus panels, clinical review and cognitive   pre-test. Portuguese OSS, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand   (DASH) questionnaires, and the visual analogue scales of pain at rest   {[}VAS rest] and during movement {[}VAS movement] were applied to III   subjects with shoulder pain (degenerative or inflammatory disorders) and   recommended for physical therapy. A clinical and sociodemographic   questionnaire was also applied.   Results: The reliability was good, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient   of 0.90, an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.92, a standard   error of measurement (SEM) of 2.59 points and a smallest detectable   change (SDC) ot 7.18 points. Construct validity was supported by the   confirmation of three initial hypotheses involving expected significant   correlation between OSS and other measures (DASH, VAS rest and VAS   movement) and between OSS and the number of days of work absenteeism.   Conclusion: The Portuguese OSS version presented suitable psychometric   properties, in terms of reliability (internal consistency,   reproducibility and measurement error) and validity (construct   validity).",NA
1860,InProceedings,Developer Dynamics and Syntactic Quality of Commit Messages in OSS   Projects,"Community dynamics play an important role in the Open Source Software   (OSS) development paradigm. Researchers have extensively studied the   human aspects of the OSS paradigm from the point of view of community   formation to community evolution. A few studies relate community   dynamics with OSS product attributes such as code quality. However, the   impact of community dynamics on non-code contributions such as commits   has not been explored. In this paper, the aim is to analyze the impact   of community dynamics on syntactic quality of commit messages of an OSS   project. We first propose and validate a commit message quality model,   and then use that model to analyze the OSS projects. Empirical analysis   of seven OSS projects available in the Git repository shows that a small   group of contributors active at the same time in a project leads to high   syntactic quality contributions. These observations may prove useful to   developers as well as project managers who need quantifiable techniques   for monitoring the OSS projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_6
1861,InProceedings,Developer-Centric Knowledge Mining from Large Open-Source Software   Repositories (CROSSMINER),"Deciding if an OSS project meets the required standards for adoption is   hard, and keeping up-to-date with a rapidly evolving project is even   harder. Making decisions about quality and adoption involves analysing   code, documentation, online discussions, and issue trackers. There is   too much information to process manually and it is common that   uninformed decisions have to be made with detrimental effects.   CROSSMINER aims to remedy this by automatically extracting the required   knowledge and injecting it into the developers' Integrated Development   Environments (IDE), at the time they need it to make design decisions.   This allows them to reduce their effort in knowledge acquisition and to   increase the quality of their code. CROSSMINER uniquely combines   advanced software project analyses with online IDE monitoring.   Developers will be monitored to infer which information is timely, based   on readily available knowledge stored earlier by a set of advanced   offline deep analyses of related OSS projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-74730-9\\_33
1862,InProceedings,Diminished Reality System Based on Open-source Software for Self-driving   Mobility,"The diminished reality (DR) techniques that visualize blind areas in   road environments are expected to prevent accidents and to reduce   passengers' stress or anxiety. However, the feasibility of such   techniques is still unclear because most researches on DR for road   environments are based on the assumption of the availability of specific   sensor arrangements and infrastructures, which are not guaranteed to   spread in the future. In this research, we propose a novel design to   implement a DR system for rendering ghosted hidden background areas   using various sensor data for self-driving. Our major assumption is that   a number of automotive vehicles run around the world in the near future   and their sensors and program modules are available for other purposes.   In our experiments, we confirmed that hidden area can be visualized by   using such data and modules.",10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2018.00103
1863,InProceedings,Do Review Feedbacks Influence to a Contributor's Time Spent on OSS   Projects?,"Open Source Software (OSS) does not work without contributions from the   community. In particular, long-term contributors (LTCs) (e.g.,   committer), defined as contributors who spend at least one year on OSS   projects, play a crucial role in a project success because they would   have permission to add (commit) code changes to a project's version   control system, and to become a mentor for a beginner in OSS projects.   However, contributors often leave a project before becoming a LTC   because most contributors are volunteers. If contributors are motivated   in their work in OSS projects, they might not leave the projects. In   this study, we examine the phenomena involved in becoming a LTC in terms   of motivation to continue in OSS projects. In particular, our target   motivation is to understand what is involved in long-term contribution   with other expert contributors. We study classifier to identify a LTC   who will contribute patch submissions for more than one year based on   collaboration in terms of the code review process. In detail, we analyze   what review feedbacks encourage a contributor to continue with OSS   project. Using a Qt project dataset, we build a prediction model to   identify a LTC. We find that not only contributor's activities, but also   a reviewer feedbacks, useful in identifying LTCs.",10.1109/BCD2018.2018.00028
1865,Article,Establishing stable innominate access by inserting a body floss wire   from the brachial artery to the femoral artery facilitates right carotid   artery stenting in Type III arch anatomy,"OBJECTIVES: In patients with severe carotid artery stenosis, the anatomy   of their Type III aortic arch increases the difficulty and complication   rates during carotid artery stenting because of its tortuosity and sharp   angulation for cannulation as well as the unstable support of the   guidewire for shuttle sheath delivery.   METHODS: We demonstrate a novel technique to overcome these challenges,   namely the creation of stable innominate artery access by inserting a   through-and-through body floss wire from the right brachial artery to   the femoral artery.   RESULTS: We successfully performed right carotid artery stenting in 3   patients with Type III arch anatomy. All patients received regular   outpatient follow-up uneventfully for more than 1 year.   CONCLUSIONS: This facilitates the procedure of the right carotid artery   stenting in patients with Type III aortic arch.",10.1093/icvts/ivx273
1866,Article,Evaluation of Guided Bone Regeneration Using the Bone Substitute   Bio-Oss® and a Collagen Membrane in a Rat Cranial Bone Defect Model,"The value of using the xenogeneic bone substitute Bio-Oss (R) and a   collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) was evaluated.   Five-millimeter bone defects were created in the cranial bones of 15,   15-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats, five of which were left unfilled   (Group A), five were filled with Bio-Oss (R) (Group B), and five were   filled with Bio-Oss (R) and a collagen membrane (Group C). They were   evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) Weeks 8 after bone   defect creation. The animals were euthanized in Week 8, and tissue   samples were taken. The sampled tissue was evaluated by the Kawamoto   technique for preparing nondecalcified frozen sections. On micro-CT,   radiopacities in the bone defects were evident in Groups B and C, but   not in Group A. The amount of radiopacity tended to be greater in Group   C than in Group B. Histologically, no new bone formation was observed in   Group A. In Groups B and C, new bone formation around the Bio-Oss (R)   was apparent and some osteoblastic cells were observed along the new   bone. The Bio-Oss (R) was not absorbed up to Week 8, suggesting that it   may be a potential bone regeneration scaffold. The combined use of a   collagen membrane anchored the Bio-Oss (R) in close contact with the   cranial bone, suggesting that it may help create a favorable environment   for bone formation. The combination of Bio-Oss (R) and a collagen   membrane in GBR may be useful for bone defect regeneration.",10.2485/jhtb.27.79
1867,Article,Exploring information from OSS repositories and platforms to support OSS   selection decisions,"Context: Individuals and organizations are increasingly adopting Open   Source   Software (OSS) for the benefits it provides. Although the OSS evaluation   process and the information it requires are nowadays well known, users   still have problems finding the right information and are not supported   by any decision support system.   Objective: The aim of this study is to bridge the gap between OSS   adoption models, especially with the aim of supporting users in   evaluating the OSS they are planning to select.   Method: To reach this aim, we studied the processes and the information   considered by the major OSS assessment models. Then we carried out a   case study to identify which information can be automatically retrieved   from the main OSS platforms, namely GitHub, SonarCloud, and   StackExchange. Finally, we characterized the maturity of the projects   available on these three platforms.   Results: Projects available on the three platforms are commonly old,   stable, and mature ones. Moreover, thanks to the API provided, we were   able to extract most of the information not commonly accessible from the   main website.   Conclusions: Our results confirm that it is possible to develop a   decision support system based on these three platforms, and that is also   possible to evaluate both the quality and the maturity of the projects   available there.",10.1016/j.infsof.2018.07.009
1868,InProceedings,FLOSS Project Management in Government-Academia Collaboration,"Government and academia can collaborate on bringing innovation and   filling design-reality gaps in e-government projects. However,   differences in project management methods employed by the organizations   is often a challenge for collaborative works. Bearing that in mind, we   investigated a 30-month government-academia partnership to find   appropriate ways to get around this obstacle. From the analysis of   post-mortem data, we present a set of best practices based on FLOSS and   agile software development approaches that favors team management in   government-academia collaborations in e-government development projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_2
1869,InProceedings,FLOSS in Software Engineering Education An Update of a Systematic   Mapping Study,"Context: Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects have been used   in Software Engineering Education (SEE) to address the need for more   realistic settings that reduce the gap between software engineering (SE)   courses and industry needs. A systematic mapping study (SMS) performed   in 2013 structured the research area on the use of FLOSS projects in   SEE. Objective: Update the 2013 SMS with studies published in the last   five years, classifying and summarizing them to discuss trends and   identify research gaps in the context of the use of FLOSS projects in   SEE. Method: We retrieved and analyzed a set of 4132 papers published   from 2013 to 2017, from which 33 papers were selected and classified. We   analyzed the new results and compared them with those from the previous   SMS to confirm or discover trends. Results: The updated mapping   summarizes the studies published in the last five years, most of them in   conferences. Our analysis confirmed trends previously observed for three   facets (SE area, curriculum choice and assessment type) and discovered   new trends for other facets. Conclusion: Studies report the use of FLOSS   projects in regular, comprehensive SE courses. The prevalence of   experience reports over solution proposals in the last five years may   indicate that researchers are more concerned with the use and evaluation   of existing proposals, although there are still opportunities for more   empirical work based on sound educational research methods.",10.1145/3266237.3266249
1871,InProceedings,"FRAME-SIM: A FREE-SOFTWARE, MULTIBODY-BASED, PILOT IN THE LOOP   ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT SIMULATOR","In the context of a modern approach to the design of rotocraft, handling   qualities should be the result of careful planning, rather than the   output of a multitude of other choices, made primarily focusing on more   immediate constraints. For a wide range of flight conditions and mission   task elements, the test pilot feedback is the essential measure upon   which the design choices are made. Thus, it is becoming of fundamental   importance to be able to simulate a representative model of the vehicle   in a pilot-in-the loop environment as early as possible in the design   stage. This work is intended to document the development process of one   such system currently being realized at the facilities belonging to the   Aerospace Science and Technology Department of Politecnico di Milano.   Particular attention is given to the software architecture, based on the   free and open-source multibody solver MBDyn. The development of a module   specifically designed to exploit the environment visualization   capabilities of FlightGear, also a free and open-source software, is   presented.",NA
1872,Article,Facilitating the analysis of the multifocal electroretinogram using the   free software environment <i>R</i>,"Purpose: The large amount of data rendered by the multifocal   electroretinogram (mfERG) can be analyzed and visualized in various   ways. The evaluation and comparison of more than one examination is   time-consuming and prone to create errors. Using the free software   environment R we developed a solution to average the data of multiple   examinations and to allow a comparison of different patient groups.   Methods: Data of single mfERG recordings as exported in .csv format from   a RETIport 21 system (version 7/03, Roland Consult) or manually compiled   .csv files are the basis for the calculations. The R software extracts   response densities and implicit times of N1 and P1 for the sum response,   each ring eccentricity, and each single hexagon. Averages can be   calculated for as many subjects as needed. The mentioned parameters can   then be compared to another group of patients or healthy subjects.   Application of the software is illustrated by comparing 11 patients with   chloroquine maculopathy to a control group of 7 healthy subjects.   Results: The software scripts display response density and implicit time   3D plots of each examination as well as of the group averages.   Differences of the group averages are presented as 3D and grayscale 2D   plots. Both groups are compared using the t-test with Bonferroni   correction. The group comparison is furthermore illustrated by the   average waveforms and by boxplots of each eccentricity.   Conclusions: This software solution on the basis of the programming   language R facilitates the clinical and scientific use of the mfERG and   aids in interpretation and analysis.",10.5301/ejo.5001018
1873,Article,Fluxpart: Open source software for partitioning carbon dioxide and water   vapor fluxes,"The eddy covariance method is regularly used for measuring gas fluxes   over agricultural fields and natural ecosystems. For many applications,   it is desirable to partition the measured fluxes into constitutive   components: the water vapor flux into transpiration and direct   evaporation components, and the carbon dioxide flux into photosynthesis   and respiration components. The flux variance similarity (FVS)   partitioning method is based on flux variance similarity relationships   and correlation analyses of high-frequency eddy covariance data (Scanlon   and Sahu, 2008; Scanlon and Kustas, 2010, 2012). The FVS method is   relatively complex computationally, and that complexity has likely been   an impediment to greater use and testing of the procedure. In this work,   we present a new algebraic solution to the key computational task in the   partitioning algorithm, which significantly simplifies the FVS method.   We also introduce Fluxpart, a free and open source Python 3 module that   implements the FVS partitioning procedure. Example flux partitioning   calculations are presented.",10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.019
1874,InProceedings,Framework for Open Source Software implementation in the Government   Sector of Dubai,NA,NA
1875,InProceedings,Free Software in Local Governments in Costa Rica: A Longitudinal Study,"This paper presents the results from a survey of local governments in   Costa Rica regarding the use of free software and the limitations found   for such type of software. This survey is part of a longitudinal study,   which conducted a similar survey in 2012; therefore, the results from   the present survey are compared with the previous one to determine   changes across time.",10.1109/CLEI.2018.00052
1876,Article,Free Software to Implement Private Cloud Storage Solutions,"Introduction- In this article proposes the creation of a prototype of   storage of data on Cloud Computing using free software tools, for small   and medium enterprises (SMEs), which will contribute in improving the   storage capacity of information, incorporating to the process a Cloud   Storage tool, which allows to create, save and update the data in a   synchronized way from any geographic location, reducing the risks of   maintaining several versions of a document and losing temporary or   definitive information. In this way it is proposed to show that free   open source tools are low cost and collaborative for small businesses.   Objective- Evaluate the relevance, feasibility and impact of Cloud   Storage tools on free software in order to implement a data storage   prototype to be used by small and medium enterprises, establishing   organizational and decision-making schemes according to their objectives   business.   Methodology- It is based on a spiral method by stages. In the first   stage the model of comparison of free software products Qualification   and Selection of Opensource Software (QSOS) applied to identify the best   Cloud Storage tool. Second stage, the design and implementation of the   prototype was carried out for storage over Cloud Computing. The last   stage, tests and adjustments were made in the validation of said   prototype for its start-up.   Results- Structure of a finished functional prototype for the storage of   data on Cloud Computing through the use of free software tools, aimed at   small and medium enterprises, evidencing its easy handling, control and   decision making in the management of their data and deployment in the   organization becoming a tool that benefits this type of productive   sector.   Conclusions- The construction of data storage systems on Cloud   Computing, based or guided on the achieved prototype, constitutes a low   cost tool in its implementation and maintenance, which contributes to   the sustainability of the solution together with the possibility of   scaling new functions and / or modules, by small and medium-sized   companies, that do not have financial resources for investment in   information technology and connectivity and storage services.",10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.07
1878,Article,GRAPHOS - open-source software for photogrammetric applications,"This paper reports the latest developments for the photogrammetric   open-source tool called GRAPHOS (inteGRAted PHOtogrammetric Suite).   GRAPHOS includes some recent innovations in the image-based 3D   reconstruction pipeline, from automatic feature detection/description   and network orientation to dense image matching and quality control.   GRAPHOS also has a strong educational component beyond its automated   processing functions, reinforced with tutorials and didactic   explanations about algorithms and performance. The paper highlights   recent developments carried out at different levels: graphical user   interface (GUI), didactic simulators for image processing,   photogrammetric processing with weight parameters, dataset creation and   system evaluation.   Resume La photogrammetrie est actuellement confrontee a des defis et des   changements lies principalement a l'automatisation, au traitement et a   la variete des applications. Cet article presente un outil   photogrammetrique a source ouverte appele GRAPHOS (inteGRAted   PHOtogrammetric Suite) destine a la communaute scientifique pour la   restitution 3D dans des applications rapprochees. Il englobe des   algorithmes photogrammetriques et de vision par ordinateur avec les   objectifs suivants: (i) accroitre l'automatisation, permettant d'obtenir   des nuages denses de points 3D grace a une interface conviviale; (ii)   accroitre la flexibilite en travaillant avec tout type d'image, de   scenario et de camera; (iii) ameliorer la qualite, garantissant une   haute precision et une haute resolution; (iv) preserver la fiabilite   photogrammetrique et la repetabilite. Enfin et ce n'est pas le moins   important, GRAPHOS dispose egalement d'une composante educative qui va   au-dela des solutions les plus courantes pour le traitement d'images et   la generation de nuages de points 3D, et renforcee par des simulations   et des explications didactiques sur les algorithmes et leur   fonctionnement. Les developpements ont ete realises a differents   niveaux: realisation d'interface utilisateur graphique (GUI),   simulateurs didactiques pour le traitement d'images, traitement   photogrammetrique avec parametres avances, creation d'un jeu de donnees   public et controle de la qualite des resultats.   Zusammenfassung Die Photogrammetrie steht derzeit vor einigen   Herausforderungen und Veranderungen, die sich hauptsachlich auf   Automatisierung, ubiquitare Verarbeitung und vielfaltige Anwendungen   beziehen. Durch dieses Papier wurde ein photogrammetrisches   Open-Source-Tool namens GRAPHOS (inteGRAted PHOtogrammetric Suite)   entwickelt, um die bildbasierte Verarbeitung von 2D- zu 3D-Daten in   Nahbereichsanwendungen fur die Scientific Community zu offnen. Es   umfasst robuste photogrammetrische und Computer-Vision-Algorithmen mit   den folgenden Zielen: (i) Erhohung der Automatisierung, so dass dichte   3D-Punktwolken durch eine freundliche und einfach zu bedienende   Benutzeroberflache erhalten werden; (ii) Erhohung der Flexibilitat, um   mit jeglichen Arten von Bildern, Szenarien und Kameras arbeiten zu   konnen; (iii) Verbesserung der Qualitat und Gewahrleistung hoher   Genauigkeit und Auflosung; (iv) Sicherstellung der photogrammetrische   Zuverlassigkeit und Wiederholbarkeit. Nicht zuletzt hat GRAPHOS auch   eine padagogische Komponente jenseits der gangigsten Black-Box-Losungen   fur die 3D-Bildverarbeitung und Punktwolkenerzeugung, verstarkt mit   einigen Simulatoren und didaktischen Erklarungen zu Algorithmen und   deren Performance. Die Entwicklungen wurden auf verschiedenen Ebenen   durchgefuhrt: grafische Benutzeroberflache (GUI), didaktische   Simulatoren fur die Bildverarbeitung, photogrammetrische Verarbeitung   mit Gewichtsparametern, Erstellung von Datensatzen und Systemauswertung.   Resumen Este articulo presenta los ultimos desarrollos de la herramienta   fotogrametrica de codigo abierto llamada GRAPHOS (inteGRAted   PHOtogrammetric Suite). GRAPHOS incluye algunas innovaciones recientes   en el proceso de generacion 3D basada en imagenes, desde los   detectores/descriptores de caracteristicas automaticos y la orientacion   de la red fotogrametrica a herramientas de correspondencia densa y de   control de calidad. GRAPHOS tiene tambien un componente educativo que va   mas alla de las soluciones habituales para el procesamiento automatico,   reforzado con tutoriales y explicaciones didacticas sobre los algoritmos   y su funcionamiento. Se destacan los desarrollos llevados a cabo en   diferentes niveles: interfaz grafico de usuario (GUI), simuladores   didacticos para el procesamiento de imagenes, procesamiento   fotogrametrico con parametros avanzados, creacion de un conjunto de   datos y evaluacion de los resultados.   ?? ????????GRAPHOS (?????????)   ???????????????GRAPHOS????????????????????,   ????????????????????????????????????????????, GRAPHOS ??????????,   ???????????????????????????????????:   ???????????????????????????????????, ???????????",10.1111/phor.12231
1879,InProceedings,Gender in Open Source Software: What the tools tell,"This position paper considers what studying Open Source Software tools   can lend to understanding the topic of Gender Diversity in Open Source   Software. More specifically we investigate the Gender-Mag method, a   Gender Inclusive method and how it can help increase gender   inclusiveness in the tools that are used by OSS communities.",10.1145/3195570.3195572
1881,Article,Generating Value Through Open Source: Software Service Market Regulation   and Licensing Policy,"In the software industry, commercial open-source software vendors have   recognized that providing services to help businesses derive greater   value in the implementation of open source-based systems can be a   profitable business model. Moreover, society may greatly benefit when   software originators choose an open-source development strategy as their   products become widely available, readily customizable, and open to   community contributions. In this study, we present an economic model to   study how software licensing attributes affect a software originator's   decisions, aiming to provide policy makers with insights into how   welfare-improving, open-source outcomes can be incentivized. We show   that when a competing contributor is apt at reaping the benefits of   software development investment, a less restrictive open source license   (e.g., Berkeley Software Distribution, or BSD style) can improve   welfare. On the other hand, when the originator is better at leveraging   investment and service costs are high, a more restrictive license (e.g.,   General Public License, or GPL style) can be best for social welfare   even when a contributor can cost-efficiently develop the software.",10.1287/isre.2017.0726
1882,InProceedings,HAVOSS: A Maturity Model for Handling Vulnerabilities in Third Party OSS   Components,"Security has been recognized as a leading barrier for IoT adoption. The   growing number of connected devices and reported software   vulnerabilities increases the importance firmware updates. Maturity   models for software security do include parts of this, but are lacking   in several aspects. This paper presents and evaluates a maturity model   (HAVOSS) for handling vulnerabilities in third party OSS and COTS   components. The maturity model was designed by first reviewing industry   interviews, current best practice guidelines and other maturity models.   After that, the practices were refined through industry interviews,   resulting in six capability areas covering in total 21 practices. These   were then evaluated based on their importance according to industry   experts. It is shown that the practices are seen as highly important,   indicating that the model can be seen as a valuable tool when assessing   strengths and weaknesses in an organization's ability to handle firmware   updates.",10.1007/978-3-030-03673-7\\_6
1883,Article,Heteroatom-doped porous carbons derived from moxa floss of different   storage years for supercapacitors,"Two novel carbons (MCs) derived from moxa floss of different storage   years have been prepared by two low-cost and facile approaches, which   are hydrothermal carbonization at a low temperature (200 degrees C) and   direct pyrolysis at a moderate temperature (500 degrees C) followed by   potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation strategy at a high temperature (800   degrees C), respectively. The physicochemical properties of MCs are   investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray   photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron   microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen   adsorption-desorption isotherms. Results show that MCs derived from moxa   floss of different storage years by two facile approaches possess   different morphologies: MCs by hydrothermal carbonization (denoted as   MC-1, MC-2 and MC-3) exhibit porous nanosheet structures, the highest   specific surface area is about 1788.6 m(2) g(-1), and the largest total   pore volumes is around 0.8170 cm(3) g(-1), while MCs by direct pyrolysis   (denoted as MC-4, MC-5 and MC-6) have basically blocky and rod-like   morphologies, the highest specific surface area is about 1628.0 m(2)   g(-1), and the largest total pore volume is around 0.7058 cm(3) g(-1).   However, despite the different morphologies, all MCs possess a similar   hierarchical porous structure, numerous heteroatom groups and good   electrical conductivity. Therefore, these low-cost, biomass-derived   porous carbons with promising capacitive performance are used for   supercapacitors application with high performance, for example, the   as-assembled supercapacitor based on MC-5 exhibits a high specific   capacitance of 288.3 F g(-1) at 0.25 A g(-1), an excellent rate   performance of 243.5 F g(-1) even at 30 A g(-1) with 84.5\\% capacitance   retention of its initial specific capacitance, and an outstanding   long-term cycling stability with 98.7\\% capacitance retention after 10   000 cycles at 5 A g(-1). Furthermore, the maximum energy density for   these supercapacitors with an aqueous electrolyte in a two-electrode   system is about 10.0 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 70.3 W kg(-1).   Therefore, this work opens up a whole new field for the applications of   moxa floss and this novel concept of moxa floss use is an extremely   promising strategy for developing high-performance carbons with porous   structures and heteroatom-doping from renewable sources.",10.1039/c8ra01672k
1884,InProceedings,How Can Open Source Software Projects Be Compared with Organizations?,"The existence of a community plays a central role in the development of   Open Source Software (OSS). Communities are commonly defined as a group   of people sharing common norms or values. The common interest of an OSS   project is obvious: to develop software under an OSS license. When we   look at the rather general definition of a community, we see that there   is a similarity to the term `organization'. This paper draws parallels   between OSS projects and the general elements of an organization and   shows the different elements comprised in an OSS community: people,   organization and assets. Each of those elements is enriched with   examples from different research in the corresponding OSS research   stream and provides a broad overview of the elements of OSS projects.   With the help of this comparison, research on OSS can be made more   focused and aligned with organizational research.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_1
1885,InProceedings,How Do Defects Hurt Qualities? An Empirical Study on Characterizing A   Software Maintainability Ontology in Open Source Software,"Beyond the functional requirements of a system, software maintainability   is essential for project success. While there exists a large knowledge   base of software maintainability, this knowledge is rarely used in open   source software due to the large number of developers and inefficiency   in identifying quality issues. To effectively utilize the current   knowledge base in practice requires a deeper understanding of how   problems associated with the different qualities arise and change over   time. In this paper, we sample over 6000 real bugs found from several   Mozilla products to examine how maintainability is expressed with   subgroups of repairability and modifiability. Furthermore, we manually   study how these qualities evolve as the products mature, what the root   causes of the bugs are for each quality and the impact and dependency of   each quality. Our results inform which areas should be focused on to   ensure maintainability at different stages of the development and   maintenance process.",10.1109/QRS.2018.00036
1887,InProceedings,How FLOSS Participation Supports Lifelong Learning and Working:   Apprenticeship Across Time and Spatialities,In this paper I draw on two case studies to examine participatory   learning in Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS). I contribute to   prior work on learning within FLOSS and also to the learning sciences by   illustrating how FLOSS supports lifelong learning and working by   providing an ecosystem that allows participants to grow their knowledge   of both technical and nontechnical skills over time through their   association with different projects and people. I trace the learning   trajectories of two participants from high school until they enter the   professional workforce and beyond. I argue that FLOSS participation   represents an ideal networked form of learning as it provides both   socio-cognitive support for short term activities and also   socio-temporal support for long term participation and learning. It is a   unique form of apprenticeship that exists concurrently with formal   educational experiences but unlike traditional apprenticeship   experiences it succeeds by spanning different spatialities - place/space   and technology mix and temporal scales.,10.1145/3233391.3233541
1889,InProceedings,Improving C/C plus plus Open Source Software Discoverability by   Utilizing Rust and Node.js Ecosystems,"Discovering Open Source Software (OSS) components efficiently is not   always an easy task. Node.js is a popular JavaScript runtime   environment, whereas Rust is widely used for system programming, and   both can be utilized for OSS discovery purposes. In this work, we   examine whether Rust and Node.js can be used, along with their   respective tooling and package repositories, in order to achieve   improved discoverability of existing OSS implemented in C/C++. The paper   describes how the capabilities of Rust in C/C++ interoperability can be   combined with novel compilation techniques of low-level code to asm.js   and WebAssembly, in order to harness JavaScript's popularity as the   medium to publicize hard to discover C/C++ OSS. A proposed incremental   methodology is presented and the main, as well as the collateral,   effects of enforcing the proposed methodology in a proof-of-concept   situation are examined. Our findings indicate potential increase in   discoverability, code quality, portability, along with viable   performance degradation of portable binaries, demonstrating 8.7 times   slower execution compared to machine code, in a worst-case scenario.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_15
1890,InProceedings,Integration of Open-Source Software for Automation of Electronic   Document Flow in the Structural Unit of an Educational Organization,"the paper presents an approach to the creation of information   environment in the structural unit (including departments, labs, science   and educational centers, etc.) of an educational organization   (Universities), based on the integration of several open- source systems   intended for: authorization, data storage, version control and   management of training courses for the purpose of automation of   educational processes and electronic document management. Examples of   successful use of the deployed system are represented.",NA
1892,Article,Introducción: {Software} libre y código abierto: experiencias innovadoras en bibliotecas y centros de información,"Se muestran y explican con ejemplos prácticos las posibilidades de tratamiento de datos e información textual que tiene el lenguaje de formateo de WINISIS de UNESCO al manipular cadenas y subcadenas de caracteres alfanuméricas no estructuradas o semiestructuradas, línea por línea, o párrafo por párrafo, de longitud fija o variable, especialmente en archivos lógicos de software (log), o provenientes de cualquier formato (Excel, Word, PDF u otro), convertidos a formato de texto plano norma ascii, para ser importados a través de programas en ISIS Pascal a CDS/ISIS. Se aplican expresiones y funciones (de cadena, numéricas o booleanas), expresiones, comandos, selectores de campos, subcampos y cadenas, para estructurar los datos y/o el texto, y obtener resultados de diseño de bases de datos, estadísticos y métricos.",10.24215/18539912e058
1893,Article,Is {Proprietary} {Software} {Unjust}? {Examining} the {Ethical} {Foundations} of {Free} {Software},"“Free software” is software that respects the users’ freedoms by granting them access to the source code, and allowing them to modify and redistribute the software at will. Richard Stallman, founder of the Free software movement, has argued that creating and distributing non-Free software is always a moral injustice. In this essay, I try to identify the ethical foundations of Stallmanism. I identify three major trends in Stallman’s thinking—libertarian, utilitarian, and communitarian—and I argue that none is sufficient to justify the radical claim that distributing non-Free software is always wrong (unless we accept extremely demanding ethical standards that Stallman himself does not consistently endorse). I recommend thinking of Stallmanism as an attempt to optimize the satisfaction of a number of core values, including freedom, cooperation, and happiness, and I stress the importance of connecting the Free software movement to other political struggles against oppression.",10.1007/s13347-017-0294-y
1894,Article,Knowledge management in OSS communities: Relationship between dense and   sparse network structures,"Some authors in the literature have addressed knowledge transfer via   weak ties between organization's units which are themselves strongly   tied inside (e.g. Hansen, 1999). Some others have investigated knowledge   management among open-source-software (OSS) developers and discussed   factors influencing knowledge transfer within development teams (e.g.   Joshi and Sarker, 2006). In the domain of open source software (OSS)   communities, more companies are now attempting to establish   relationships to benefit from these potential value-creating   communities; and project managers could in fact target different goals   within software development teams including knowledge transfer within   and between teams. We step forward to distinguish knowledge transfer   within groups as opposed to knowledge transfer between groups; where   relevant projects are bundled into separate strongly intra-connected   groups. In knowledge management literature there is a trade-off between   sparse network structures (Burt, 2000, 2002) versus dense network   structures (Walker et al., 1997; Coleman, 1988). It is argued that the   former facilitates the diffusion and generation of ideas among groups,   while the latter affects the implementation of idea within each dense   group. To our best knowledge, there has been no study to investigate the   relationship between dense and sparse network structures. We propose   that knowledge transfer within dense groups has a positive influence on   knowledge transfer between sparse groups, in that intragroup density,   group size, developers centrality and betweenness could impact   intergroup coupling. To prove our hypothesis, we use a complex network   of open source software (OSS) as the domain of interest, where   developers represent nodes and two developers contributing to a project   task represent a network tie. Developers contributing to tasks in groups   other than their own can explore novel ideas via sharing knowledge,   whereas developers contributing to tasks inside groups exploit ideas to   improve those projects. We investigate the idea both analytically and   empirically within 4 months, 8 months and 1 year lagged time, and   finally show that intragroup density has a positive whereas developers'   centrality has a negative influence on intergroup coupling.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.09.004
1896,InProceedings,Learning secure programming in open source software communities: a socio-technical view,"In open source software (OSS) communities, volunteers collaborate and integrate expertise to develop the software online via the Internet in a decentralized, highly interactive and knowledge-intensive process. Development of qualified and secured software products relies mainly on the ability of OSS participants to acquire, refine and use new aspects of secure programming knowledge. Many OSS proponents believe that the open source innovation offers significant learning opportunities from its best practices. However, studies that specifically explore learning of software security in the context of open source development are scarce. This paper aims to empirically assess present knowledge sharing and learning about secure programming knowledge in the context of OSS communities utilized a socio-technical approach on OSS projects based on an ethnographic observation. Our motivation is not only to evaluate the knowledge sharing and learning mechanisms and the extent to which they may be viable and successful but also to gain insight into the security culture and project factors that affect learning processes of secure programming in OSS communities.",10.1145/3178158.3178202
1897,InProceedings,Legitimate Peripheral Participation in Hybrid FOSS Community Innovation,"FOSS communities are increasingly employing a hybrid model where free,   open source software development is combined with commercial customer   support to ensure community sustainability. This makes it difficult for   peripheral users, who are not part of the core administrative or   sponsoring organization to participate meaningfully. The paper presents   a study of modes of Legitimate Peripheral Participation by users who   attempt to introduce product feature innovations to hybrid FOSS   communities. We identify eight modes of virtual peripheral participation   by users, exploring the technology and social/community affordances, and   the performativity and participation effects that these engender to move   peripheral users towards core membership.",NA
1899,InProceedings,Lesson development for Open Source Software best practices adoption,"The ``ELIXIR Training Platform{''} is partnering with The Carpentries   (Software and Data Carpentry) to train life science researchers in   computing and data management skills. The ``ELIXIR Software development   best practices{''} group, which is part of the ELIXIR Tools Platform,   has proposed ``Four simple recommendations to encourage best practices   in research software{''} aiming to help researchers and developers to   adopt Open Source Software (OSS) practices and thus improve the quality   and sustainability of research software. In order to encourage   researchers and developers to adopt the four recommendations (4OSS) and   build FAIR software, we are developing specific and practical training   materials, taking advantage of the Carpentries approach and experience   in training material development and maintenance.",10.1109/eScience.2018.00011
1900,Article,"Library professional's opinion about open source software adoption:   Status, problems and measures used in libraries of Beijing, China","Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the professional   opinion of LIS with reference to open source software (OSS) adoption,   status, problems and future measures in research and academic libraries   of Beijing, China.   Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected using a structured   questionnaire, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted   among 20 academic and 20 research libraries in Beijing, China. The   convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. The data   collected were interpreted using descriptive statistics and independent   t-test.   Findings - The results reveal that Chinese research and academics   libraries depend mostly upon commercial software and place a great deal   of trust on locally produced free software. This situation may be caused   due to the lack of professional knowledge in OSS and lack of appropriate   technical expertise. Although there were a sufficient number of   librarians who have shown interest in OSS, they did not enthusiastically   agree to implement it in their libraries. Furthermore, the interviews   highlighted the professionals' opinion that most librarians are   reluctant to adopt OSS due to the risk factor, lack of professional   expertise, insufficient interest of the Chinese Government and lack of   professional training.   Originality/value - The findings are useful for the Chinese LIS   community, software developers, technology administrators and library   administrators. In particular, it is beneficial for research and   academic libraries of China to adapt OSS for library management and   provide better library services and sources to their library users.",10.1108/GKMC-03-2017-0022
1901,Article,Matière et territoire dans la culture du logiciel libre,"Cet article interroge deux lieux communs associés à la culture numérique et plus particulièrement à celle du logiciel libre. Le premier, celui de l’immatériel, consiste à aborder le cyberespace comme un monde informationnel doté de propriétés distinctes de celles du monde physique. Le second, celui de la déterritorialisation, présente les collectifs en ligne comme détachés de tout ancrage territorial. L’article montre la manière dont ces lieux communs habitent la culture du logiciel libre, en revenant aux origines de celle-ci au sein du AI Lab du MIT, en examinant l’inﬂuence exercée sur elle par la pensée cybernétique et en analysant le processus d’extension et de globalisation du free software. L’article développe également une critique de ces topoï, en montrant qu’ils contribuent à occulter la continuité entre les transformations du monde numérique et celles du reste de la société. La conclusion revient sur l’essor récent du mouvement maker, fortement inﬂuencé par le logiciel libre, et met en avant la persistance des enjeux liés à la matière et au territoire, y compris au sein de la culture numérique.Alternate abstract:This article questions two ideas that have become commonplace in digital culture, and particularly in free software culture. The first one is the idea that cyberspace is an immaterial (or informational) space, exhibiting properties that are radically distinct from the ones of the material world. The second one is the idea of deterritorialization, according to which online communities are indifferent to the geographical reality of the territory. The article explains how these commonplace assumptions pervade free software culture, tracing their history back to cybernetics and the AI Lab at the MIT, and analyzing the globalization of free software culture since the 1990s. It also criticizes these topoï that often conceal how the transformations of the digital world are intertwined with the transformations of society at large. The conclusion tackles the emergence of the maker movement (which is strongly tied to free software culture) and insists on the persistence of issues related to materiality and territory, even within digital culture.?",10.3166/ges.20
1902,InProceedings,Measuring Open Source Software Impact <i>Emergent Research Forum   (ERF)</i>,"Open source software foundations and communities often want to know the   impact of their software. This impact can be understood in a variety of   ways and in this paper we explore impact through the interdependencies   of open source software. In this, open source software is dependent on   components created upstream and open source software is used in   components downstream impact within an open source supply chain. This   paper proposes an index (called the V-index) through which impact of an   open source software, as used in downstream components, can be measured.   This index is developed using the open database libraires.io, which   provides the dependencies of open source software distributed through   various package managers. The proposed index helps measure the impact of   an open source software as part of its use within an open source supply   chain.",NA
1903,Article,Motivating the contributions: An Open Innovation perspective on what to   share as Open Source Software,"Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystems have reshaped the ways how   software-intensive firms develop products and deliver value to   customers. However, firms still need support for strategic product   planning in terms of what to develop internally and what to share as   OSS. Existing models accurately capture commoditization in software   business, but lack operational support to decide what contribution   strategy to employ in terms of what and when to contribute. This study   proposes a Contribution Acceptance Process (CAP) model from which firms   can adopt contribution strategies that align with product strategies and   planning. In a design science influenced case study executed at Sony   Mobile, the CAP model was iteratively developed in close collaboration   with the firm's practitioners. The CAP model helps classify artifacts   according to business impact and control complexity so firms may   estimate and plan whether an artifact should be contributed or not.   Further, an information meta-model is proposed that helps operationalize   the CAP model at the organization. The CAP model provides an operational   OI perspective on what firms involved in OSS ecosystems should share, by   helping them motivate contributions through the creation of contribution   strategies. The goal is to help maximize return on investment and   sustain needed influence in OSS ecosystems. (C) 2017 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier Inc.",10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.032
1905,Article,Network-Based Ranking for Open Source Software Developer Prediction,"Open source software (OSS) projects and communities are becoming   increasingly popular and influential recently. Communications and   collaborations are essential for the success of projects. Usually, the   most active and productive programmers are awarded with promotion to   developers. To more effectively manage and progress the projects, it is   important and beneficial to rank the programmers and thus, predict the   developer candidates. In this work, we propose to combine machine   learning techniques with existing complex network node ranking   algorithms to improve the prediction results. Specifically, we have made   the following contributions: (1), we have designed a novel machine   learning-based classifier with significantly improved prediction   performance; (2), we have constructed and tested various networks built   based on the programmer email communication information; and (3), we   have used real-world project data to compare different techniques and   validate our methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our   technique reduces the error rate by 25\\% compared with the second best.   Moreover, we discover that the KK nearest neighbor (KNN)-based machine   learning algorithm and non-directional temporal network with a time   window of 1-3 months give the best prediction results.",10.1142/S0218194018500250
1907,Article,"NeuroMatic: An Integrated Open-Source Software Toolkit for Acquisition,   Analysis and Simulation of Electrophysiological Data","Acquisition, analysis and simulation of electrophysiological properties   of the nervous system require multiple software packages. This makes it   difficult to conserve experimental metadata and track the analysis   performed. It also complicates certain experimental approaches such as   online analysis. To address this, we developed NeuroMatic, an   open-source software toolkit that performs data acquisition (episodic,   continuous and triggered recordings), data analysis (spike rasters,   spontaneous event detection, curve fitting, stationarity) and   simulations (stochastic synaptic transmission, synaptic short-term   plasticity, integrate-and-fire and Hodgkin-Huxley-like   single-compartment models). The merging of a wide range of tools into a   single package facilitates a more integrated style of research, from the   development of online analysis functions during data acquisition, to the   simulation of synaptic conductance trains during dynamic-clamp   experiments. Moreover, NeuroMatic has the advantage of working within   Igor Pro, a platform-independent environment that includes an extensive   library of built-in functions, a history window for reviewing the user's   workflow and the ability to produce publication-quality graphics. Since   its original release, NeuroMatic has been used in a wide range of   scientific studies and its user base has grown considerably. NeuroMatic   version 3.0 can be found at http://www.neuromatic.thinkrandom.com and   https://github.com/SilverLabUCL/NeuroMatic.",10.3389/fninf.2018.00014
1908,Article,NeuroSpeech: An open-source software for Parkinson's speech analysis,"A new software for modeling pathological speech signals is presented in   this paper The software is called NeuroSpeech This software enables the   analysis of pathological speech signals considering different speech   dimensions phonation, articulation, prosody, and intelligibility All the   methods considered in the software have been validated in previous   experiments and publications The current version of NeuroSpeech was   developed to model dysarthric speech signals from people with   Parkinson's disease, however, the structure of the software allows other   computer scientists or developers to include other pathologies and/or   other measures in order to complement the existing options Three   different tasks can be performed with the current version of the   software (1) the modeling of the speech recordings considering the   aforementioned speech dimensions, (2) the automatic discrimination of   Parkinson's vs non-Parkinson's speech signals (if the user has access to   recordings of other pathologies, he/she can retrain the system to   perform the detection of other diseases), and (3) the prediction of the   neurological state of the patient according to the Unified Parkinson's   Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score The prediction of the dysarthria   level according to the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment scale is also   provided (the user can also train the system to perform the prediction   of other kind of scales or degrees of severity)   To the best of our knowledge, this is the first software with the   characteristics described above, and we consider that it will help other   researchers to contribute to the state-of-the-art in pathological speech   assessment from different perspectives, e.g., from the clinical point of   view for interpretation, and from the computer science point of view   enabling the test of different measures and pattern recognition   techniques (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.dsp.2017.07.004
1909,Article,Newcomers' Barriers. . . Is That All? An Analysis of Mentors' and   Newcomers' Barriers in OSS Projects,"Newcomers' seamless onboarding is important for open collaboration   communities, particularly those that leverage outsiders' contributions   to remain sustainable. Nevertheless, previous work shows that OSS   newcomers often face several barriers to contribute, which lead them to   lose motivation and even give up on contributing. A well-known way to   help newcomers overcome initial contribution barriers is mentoring. This   strategy has proven effective in offline and online communities, and to   some extent has been employed in OSS projects. Studying mentors'   perspectives on the barriers that newcomers face play a vital role in   improving onboarding processes; yet, OSS mentors face their own   barriers, which hinder the effectiveness of the strategy. Since little   is known about the barriers mentors face, in this paper, we investigate   the barriers that affect mentors and their newcomer mentees. We   interviewed mentors from OSS projects and qualitatively analyzed their   answers. We found 44 barriers: 19 that affect mentors; and 34 that   affect newcomers (9 affect both newcomers and mentors). Interestingly,   most of the barriers we identified (66\\%) have a social nature.   Additionally, we identified 10 strategies that mentors indicated to   potentially alleviate some of the barriers. Since gender-related   challenges emerged in our analysis, we conducted nine follow-up   structured interviews to further explore this perspective. The   contributions of this paper include: identifying the barriers mentors   face; bringing the unique perspective of mentors on barriers faced by   newcomers; unveiling strategies that can be used by mentors to support   newcomers; and investigating gender-specific challenges in OSS   mentorship. Mentors, newcomers, online communities, and educators can   leverage this knowledge to foster new contributors to OSS projects.",10.1007/s10606-018-9310-8
1911,Article,Nullis in Verba: The Free Software Movement as a model for Openness and   Transparency,"Nullis in verba was chosen as the motto of the Royal Society, as it   embodied the culture of transparency and collaboration that were the   hallmarks of the Royal Society and of the scientific method it promoted.   Communication, using the tools of the day, was essential to this   community of scientists as they created and shared new knowledge. Almost   300 years later, libraries continue to advance principles relating to   the importance of collaboration and transparency. This two-part article   series, published jointly in International Information and Library   Review and Technical Services Quarterly explores notions of transparency   and collaboration in research and how these ideas are impacting the   world of librarianship - from information creation, organization and   access perspectives.",10.1080/07317131.2018.1456849
1912,Article,OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE IN ROBOTICS,"The ``Open source{''} term arose at the desire of some people that   wanted to make available the source code of software that can be   afterwards modified, improved and redistributed. In this way, a group   formed by people from different places on Earth can work at the same   project, in the same time, having at the end a better version of it.   Open source software is licensed software offering the possibility to   work without any problem, to collaborate in an open manner at a certain   idea. Types of open software and hardware will be presented in this   paper, precisely the ones that can be used for image processing. Except   LINUX operating system, OpenCV is a type of open-source software, a   computer vision library, available to everyone that wants to use it or   has a better idea concerning a tool of that software, which can be used   on other open source software, like ROS environment. In the last part of   the paper, a study case using open source software will be presented.",NA
1913,InProceedings,On the Application of Cross-Project Validation for Predicting   Maintainability of Open Source Software using Machine Learning   Techniques,"Design and development of models to predict software maintenance effort   is an impending research area as these models help to predict   maintenance effort of software system at earlier stages of its   development. The predictions of these models help in allocation of   limited resources in an optimal way in the test and maintenance phases   of software development. Although numeral software maintainability   prediction models have been successfully developed in the past using   machine learning (ML) and statistical techniques but there is always   threat to generalizability of result have prevailed, as these models are   validated on the same data set on which they are trained. This study   endeavors to improve generalizability of the software maintainability   prediction by cross-project validation where prediction model developed   on one software project is validated against the other project. To meet   our objective we have taken three open source projects written in java   language.   The performance of the models is evaluated using prevalent the   performance measures. Based on the statistical tests; it is quite   conclusive that cross project validation can be successfully applied to   predict software maintenance effort of open source software.",NA
1914,InProceedings,Open Data Standards for Open Source Software Risk Management Routines:   An Examination of SPDX,"As the organizational use of open source software (OSS) increases, it   requires the adjustment of organizational routines to manage new OSS   risk. These routines may be influenced by community-developed open data   standards to explicate, analyze, and report OSS risks. Open data   standards are co-created in open communities for unifying the exchange   of information. The SPDX (R) specification is such an open data standard   to explicate and share OSS risk information. The development and   subsequent adoption of SPDX raises the questions of how organizations   make sense of SPDX when improving their own risk management routines,   and of how a community benefits from the experiential knowledge that is   contributed back by organizational adopters. To explore these questions,   we conducted a single case, multi-component field study, connecting with   members of organizations that employed SPDX. The results of this study   contribute to understanding the development and adoption of open data   standards within open source environments.",10.1145/3148330.3148333
1916,InProceedings,Open Source Software Resilience Framework,"An Open Source Software (OSS) project can be utilized either as is, to   serve specific needs on an application level, or on the source code   level, as a part of another software system serving as a component, a   library, or even an autonomous third party dependency. There are several   OSS quality models that provide metrics to measure specific aspects of   the project, like its structural quality. Although other dimensions,   like community health and activity, software governance principles or   license permissiveness, are taken into account, there is no universally   accepted OSS assessment model. In this work we are proposing an   evaluation approach based on the adaptation of the City Resilience   Framework to OSS with the aim of providing a strong theoretical basis   for evaluating OSS projects.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_4
1917,InCollection,Open Source Software Virtual Learning Environment (OSS-VLEs) in Library   Science Schools,NA,10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch688
1918,Article,OpenSeismoMatlab: A new open-source software for strong ground motion   data processing,"OpenSeismoMatlab is an innovative open-source software for strong ground   motion data processing, written in MATLAB. The software implements an   elastoplastic bilinear kinematic hardening constitutive model and uses a   state-of-the-art single step single solve time integration algorithm   featuring exceptional speed, robustness and accuracy. OpenSeismoMatlab   can calculate various time histories and corresponding peak values,   Arias intensity and its time history, significant duration, various   linear elastic response spectra and constant ductility inelastic   response spectra, as well as Fourier amplitude spectrum and mean period.   Due to its open-source nature, the software can be easily extended or   modified, having high research and educational value for the   professional engineering and research community. In the present paper,   the structure, algorithms and main routines of the program are explained   in detail and the results for various types of spectra of 11 earthquake   strong ground motions are calculated and compared to corresponding   results from other proprietary software.",10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00784
1919,Article,Optimized single-step (OSS) chemistry models for the simulation of   turbulent premixed flame propagation,"A simple and efficient triple-optimization procedure (TOP) is introduced   to determine single-step chemistry model parameters. The cornerstone of   the proposed approach lies in the introduction of a fictive (or virtual)   chemical species, the physical characteristics of which are set to   recover some essential properties of combustion and flames. Special   emphasis is presently placed on the capability of such a global kinetic   scheme to recover three parameters that are recognized as the most   influential in terms of turbulence chemistry interactions and turbulent   premixed combustion regimes. These parameters are (i) the burnt gases   temperature T-b, which settles the value of the thermal expansion factor   tau = (T-b - T-u)/T-u, (ii) the propagation velocity delta(0)(L), which   is mandatory to reproduce the flame dynamics, and (iii) the laminar   premixed flame thickness delta(0)(L). In practice, the thermochemical   properties of the fictive species (hereafter denoted by A(Phi)) are set   to account for the impact of dissociation effects and partial oxidation   of the fuel, i.e., presence of species other than H2O and CO2 in the   burnt gases, which allows to recover a satisfactory estimate of T-b. The   value of the pre-exponential factor associated to the single-step   Arrhenius law is also optimized to reproduce the laminar flame   propagation velocity. Finally, the transport characteristics are   determined to recover a satisfactory estimate of the thermal flame   thickness. The method is general in its principles and quite easy to   implement. It is applicable to any couple of fuel and oxidizer.   Attention is focused on the application of the method to any   stoichiometry but it is also shown that the influence of both pressure   and fresh reactants temperature can be recovered. The performance of the   resulting optimized single step (OSS) chemistry models are assessed   through a direct comparison with detailed chemistry results.   Computations of one-dimensional laminar flames are performed with the   OSS model using the cantera software for a wide range of pressure   levels, fresh reactant temperatures, and equivalence ratios. Obtained   results do show that the flame propagation velocity is correctly   reproduced for the whole range of parameters, with a maximum value   recovered in the vicinity of stoichiometry, a decrease towards rich   conditions, and a satisfactory pressure dependence. Burnt gases   temperature as well as thermal flame thickness values are also in   excellent agreement with those issued from the reference detailed   kinetics models. The OSS model is then used to perform direct numerical   simulation (DNS) computations of flame kernel growths in both laminar   and turbulent conditions. The comparison of obtained OSS results with   detailed chemistry computations further confirms the relevance and   performance of the proposed methodology. (C) 2018 The Combustion   Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.01.038
1920,Article,Organizing for openness: six models for developer involvement in hybrid   OSS projects,"This article examines organization and governance of commercially   influenced Open Source Software development communities by presenting a   multiple-case study of six contemporary, hybrid OSS projects. The   findings provide in-depth understanding on how to design the   participatory nature of the software development process, while   understanding the factors that influence the delicate balance of   openness, motivations, and governance. The results lay ground for   further research on how to organize and manage developer communities   where needs of the stakeholders are competing, yet complementary.",10.1186/s13174-018-0088-1
1921,Article,Phase-Field Simulations of Lithium Dendrite Growth with Open-Source   Software,"Dendrite growth is a long-standing challenge that has limited the   applications of rechargeable lithium metal electrodes. Here, we have   developed a grand potential-based nonlinear phase-field model to study   the electrodeposition of lithium as relevant for a lithium metal anode,   using open-source software package MOOSE. The dynamic morphological   evolution under a large/small overpotential is studied in two   dimensions, revealing important dendrite growth/stable deposition   patterns. The corresponding temporal spatial distributions of ion   concentration, overpotential, and driving force are studied, which   demonstrate an intimate, dynamic competition between ion transport and   electrochemical reactions, resulting in vastly different growth   patterns. On the basis of the understanding from this model, we propose   a ``compositionally graded electrolyte{''} with higher local ion   concentration as a way to potentially suppress dendrite formation. Given   the importance of morphological evolution for lithium metal electrodes,   widespread applications of phase-field models have been limited in part   due to in-house or proprietary software. In order to spur growth of this   field, we make all files available to enable future studies to study the   many unsolved aspects related to morphology evolution of lithium metal   electrodes.",10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01009
1922,InProceedings,Possibilities of Use of Free and Open Source Software in the Greek Local   Authorities,"Use of Free and Open Source software has started to get an increased   level of functionality and trust, following the existence of a variety   of solutions and supporting communities across the Web. In this paper,   the current penetration and usage of Free and Open Source Software in   the municipalities of Greece was recorded, as well as its potential   especially when compared with the current state of computerization and   hardware level. Conclusions were drawn on whether the municipalities   will benefit from the usage of Free and Open Source Software, in   technical and financial terms, as well as proposals are submitted in how   the municipalities can benefit from an uptake in technology (especially   Cloud computing), given their existing IT staffing and municipality   organization. The possibility of improving the provided services to the   citizens by using this software is also examined as well as cost aspects   that can be improved.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_11
1923,InProceedings,Poster: ``Adoption of the Visual Brainstorming Technique in the Open   Source Software Development Process{''},"The growth in the number of non-developer open source software (OSS)   application users and the escalating use of these applications have both   created a need for and interest in developing usable OSS. OSS   communities are unclear about which techniques to use in each activity   of the development process. The aim of our research is to adopt the   visual brainstorming usability technique in the HistoryCal OSS project   and determine the feasibility of adapting the technique for application.   To do this, we participated as volunteers in the HistoryCal project. We   used the case study research method to investigate technique application   and community participation. We identified adverse conditions that were   an obstacle to technique application and modified the technique to make   it applicable. We can conclude from our experience that these changes   were helpful for applying the technique, although it was not easy to   recruit OSS users to participate in usability technique application.",10.1145/3183440.3194946
1924,Article,Predicting Change Prone Classes in Open Source Software,"In today's world, the heart of modern technology is software. In order   to compete with pace of new technology, changes in software are   inevitable. This article aims at the association between changes and   object-oriented metrics using different versions of open source   software. Change prediction models can detect the probability of change   in a class earlier in the software life cycle which would result in   better effort allocation, more rigorous testing and easier maintenance   of any software. Earlier, researchers have used various techniques such   as statistical methods for the prediction of change-prone classes. In   this article, some new metrics such as execution time, frequency, run   time information, popularity and class dependency are proposed which can   help in prediction of change prone classes. For evaluating the   performance of the prediction model, the authors used Sensitivity,   Specificity, and ROC Curve. Higher values of AUC indicate the prediction   model gives significant accurate results. The proposed metrics   contribute to the accurate prediction of change-prone classes.",10.4018/IJIRR.2018100101
1925,Article,Predicting Code Hotspots in Open-Source Software from Object-Oriented   Metrics Using Machine Learning,"Software engineers are able to measure the quality of their code using a   variety of metrics that can be derived directly from analyzing the   source code. These internal quality metrics are valuable to engineers,   but the organizations funding the software development effort find   external quality metrics such as defect rates and time to develop   features more valuable. Unfortunately, external quality metrics can only   be calculated after costly software has been developed and deployed for   end -users to utilize. Here, we present a method for mining data from   freely available open source codebases written in Java to train a Random   Forest classifier to predict which files are likely to be external   quality hotspots based on their internal quality metrics with over 75\\%   accuracy. We also used the trained model to predict hotspots for a Java   project whose data was not used to train the classifier and achieved   over 75\\% accuracy again, demonstrating the method's general   applicability to different projects.",10.1142/S0218194018500110
1926,InProceedings,Process Mining for Process Conformance Checking in an OSS Project: An   Empirical Research,"With almost 20 years of research, Process Mining can now be considered   to be in a mature phase allowing its application to a variety of   sectors. In this article, the bug closure process that is followed by a   community of an open source software project is investigated in order to   perform process conformance checking. Actual data that reveal the   process steps have been extracted from the project's Bugzilla database   and have been used as input in Disco process mining tool. The data   includes extracted information for more than 19,000 bugs for the past 15   years in a csv form, formatted appropriately to construct an event log   suitable for process mining. The extracted models have been compared to   the process described in the project's blogs and wikis by the community.   The same models are also compared to the bug closure process that   Bugzilla suggests to be used by the projects using this software for bug   tracking purposes. The findings reveal that indeed the process followed   in the OSS project is very similar to the declared one but variations do   occur under specific circumstances. However, the process is not   identical to the one proposed by Bugzilla suggesting that each OSS   project can customize its processes in order to better address the needs   of the project and the community. This empirical research highlights the   importance of process mining in OSS projects in order to investigate the   processes followed and identify outliers helping to standardize and   improve the processes and enhance the collaboration among the members of   the communities.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_7
1928,Article,QPhenoMetrics: An open source software application to assess vegetation   phenology metrics,"Phenology is one of the most reliable indicators of vegetation dynamics.   Assessing and monitoring the dynamics of phenology is relevant to   support several decisions in order to improve the efficiency of several   farming practices. An open source application QPhenoMetrics -   implemented in QGIS software that estimates vegetation phenology metrics   is presented, using Earth Observation Systems (EOS) based time-series of   Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation   Index (EVI) as proxies for phenology. QPhenoMetrics is characterized by   freely-usable and updatable code, acceptance of satellite images or text   formats, time-series analysis toolbox allowing the selection of region   of interest with statistical quality assessment for Vegetation Indices   (VI), and estimation of ensemble metrics. The application is structured   in three components: (i) input data; (ii) pre-processing of the VI   time-series and several fitting methods and (iii) computation of the   phenological metrics. QPhenoMetrics produces a plot with the VI   time-series and corresponding phenology metrics, and a spreadsheet is   created with a list of NDVI or EVI values estimated using the selected   fitting method. To evaluate the application, two main Portuguese crops,   vineyards and maize, and MOD13 data from MODIS sensor during 2011-2012   were considered. QPhenoMetrics was validated with vineyard phenology   observations (2007-2011). A comparative analysis with software products   TimeSat and Spirits was also performed. It was concluded that   QPhenoMetrics can be very useful for common users to extract phenology   information for 16 daily MODIS data in HDF format, text files with   NDVI/EVI data and ASCII files, through a simple and intuitive graphic   interface. Furthermore, the user can evaluate the quality assessment of   VI of the images used. QPhenoMetrics is an effective open source tool   that in addition to being free, is readily modifiable by user according   to the study requirements.",10.1016/j.compag.2018.03.007
1929,Article,Quantitative diffusion measurements using the open-source software   PyFRAP,"Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) and inverse FRAP   (iFRAP) assays can be used to assess the mobility of fluorescent   molecules. These assays measure diffusion by monitoring the return of   fluorescence in bleached regions (FRAP), or the dissipation of   fluorescence from photoconverted regions (iFRAP). However, current   FRAP/iFRAP analysis methods suffer from simplified assumptions about   sample geometry, bleaching/photo-conversion inhomogeneities, and the   underlying reaction-diffusion kinetics. To address these shortcomings,   we developed the software PyFRAP, which fits numerical simulations of   three-dimensional models to FRAP/iFRAP data and accounts for   bleaching/photoconversion inhomogeneities. Using PyFRAP we determined   the diffusivities of fluorescent molecules spanning two orders of   magnitude in molecular weight. We measured the tortuous effects that   cell-like obstacles exert on effective diffusivity and show that   reaction kinetics can be accounted for by model selection. These   applications demonstrate the utility of PyFRAP, which can be widely   adapted as a new extensible standard for FRAP analysis.",10.1038/s41467-018-03975-6
1930,InProceedings,REACT - A Process for Improving Open-Source Software Reuse,"Software reuse is a popular practice, which is constantly gaining ground   among practitioners. The main reason for this is the potential that it   provides for reducing development effort and increasing the end-product   quality. At the same time, Open-Source Software (OSS) repositories are   nowadays flourishing and can facilitate the reuse process, through the   provision of a variety of software artifacts. However, up-to-date OSS   reuse processes have mostly been opportunistic, leading to not fully   capitalizing existing reuse potentials. In this study we propose a   process (namely REACT) for improving planned OSS reuse practices, i.e.,   we define the activities that a software engineer can perform to reuse   OSS artifacts. To illustrate the applicability of REACT, we provide an   example, in which a mobile application is developed based upon the reuse   of OSS artifacts. To validate the proposed process we compared the   effort required to develop the application with and without adapting   REACT process. Our preliminary results suggest that REACT may reduce up   to 50\\% the effort required to build an application from scratch.",10.1109/QUATIC.2018.00044
1931,InProceedings,Role of reputation cues in trust formation for a developer's decision to   join Open Source Software projects Completed Research,"Level of contributors' activity around an Open Source Software (OSS)   project is one of the key factors in terms of its survival and success.   There are several factors that affect a developer's decision to join an   OSS project, yet little research examined the influence of third-party   assessments on a developer's intention to join a project. Drawing on   signaling theory, this manuscript explores how third-party assessment   can influence a developers' decision to join an OSS project. In order to   test it, vignette survey study was conducted manipulating reputation,   development experience, and a number of current OSS projects of existing   developers in the OSS project. The findings suggest that all three   signals have a positive influence on developer's decision to join the   OSS project. This suggests that projects seeking to expand the number of   contributing developers should consider offering information about its   ``star developers{''}.",NA
1932,Article,SUPRA: open-source software-defined ultrasound processing for real-time   applications,"Research in ultrasound imaging is limited in reproducibility by two   factors: First, many existing ultrasound pipelines are protected by   intellectual property, rendering exchange of code difficult. Second,   most pipelines are implemented in special hardware, resulting in limited   flexibility of implemented processing steps on such platforms.   With SUPRA, we propose an open-source pipeline for fully   software-defined ultrasound processing for real-time applications to   alleviate these problems. Covering all steps from beamforming to output   of B-mode images, SUPRA can help improve the reproducibility of results   and make modifications to the image acquisition mode accessible to the   research community. We evaluate the pipeline qualitatively,   quantitatively, and regarding its run time.   The pipeline shows image quality comparable to a clinical system and   backed by point spread function measurements a comparable resolution.   Including all processing stages of a usual ultrasound pipeline, the   run-time analysis shows that it can be executed in 2D and 3D on consumer   GPUs in real time.   Our software ultrasound pipeline opens up the research in image   acquisition. Given access to ultrasound data from early stages (raw   channel data, radiofrequency data), it simplifies the development in   imaging. Furthermore, it tackles the reproducibility of research   results, as code can be shared easily and even be executed without   dedicated ultrasound hardware.",10.1007/s11548-018-1750-6
1933,Article,Simulation of the 2003 Foss Barge - Point Wells Oil Spill: A Comparison   between BLOSOM and GNOME Oil Spill Models,"The Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Energy Technology   Laboratory's (NETL's) Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model (BLOSOM), and   the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) General   NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) are compared. Increasingly   complex simulations are used to assess similarities and differences   between the two models' components. The simulations presented here are   forced by ocean currents from a Finite Volume Community Ocean Model   (FVCOM) implementation that has excellent skill in representing tidal   motion, and with observed wind data that compensates for a coarse   vertical ocean model resolution. The comprehensive comparison between   GNOME and BLOSOM presented here, should aid modelers in interpreting   their results. Beyond many similarities, aspects where both models are   distinct are highlighted. Some suggestions for improvement are included,   e.g., the inclusion of temporal interpolation of the forcing fields   (BLOSOM) or the inclusion of a deflection angle option when   parameterizing wind-driven processes (GNOME). Overall, GNOME and BLOSOM   perform similarly, and are found to be complementary oil spill models.   This paper also sheds light on what drove the historical Point Wells   spill, and serves the additional purpose of being a learning resource   for those interested in oil spill modeling. The increasingly complex   approach used for the comparison is also used, in parallel, to   illustrate the approach an oil spill modeler would typically follow when   trying to hindcast or forecast an oil spill, including detailed   technical information on basic aspects, like choosing a computational   time step. We discuss our successful hindcast of the 2003 Point Wells   oil spill that, to our knowledge, had remained unexplained. The oil   spill models' solutions are compared to the historical Point Wells' oil   trajectory, in time and space, as determined from overflight   information. Our hindcast broadly replicates the correct locations at   the correct times, using accurate tide and wind forcing. While the   choice of wind coefficient we use is unconventional, a simplified   analytic model supported by observations, suggests that it is justified   under this study's circumstances. We highlight some of the key   oceanographic findings as they may relate to other oil spills, and to   the regional oceanography of the Salish Sea, including recommendations   for future studies.",10.3390/jmse6030104
1935,InProceedings,Software quality through the eyes of the end-user and static analysis tools: a study on Android OSS applications,"Source code analysis tools have been the vehicle for measuring and assessing the quality of a software product for decades. However, recently many studies have shown that post-deployment end-user reviews provide a wealth of insight into the quality of a software product and how it should evolve and be maintained. For example, end-user reviews help to identify missing features or inform developers about incorrect or unexpected software behavior. We believe that analyzing end-user reviews and utilizing analysis tools are a crucial step towards understanding the complete picture of the quality of a software product, as well as towards reasoning about the evolution history of it. In this paper, we investigate whether both methods correlate with one another. In other words, we explore if there exists a relationship between user satisfaction and the application's internal quality characteristics. To conduct our research, we analyze a total of 46 actual releases of three Android open source software (OSS) applications on the Google Play Store. For each release, we employ multiple static analysis tools to assess several aspects of the application's software quality. We retrieve and manually analyze the complete reviews after each release of each application from its store page, totaling 1004 reviews. Our initial results suggest that having high or low code quality does not necessary ensure user overall satisfaction.",10.1145/3194095.3194096
1936,Article,Sourcing knowledge in open source software projects: The impacts of   internal and external social capital on project success,"Open source software (OSS) development has become an essential element   of IT strategy: many firms seek OSS as a strategic means of unlocking   the business value in external developer communities and internal   knowledge sources. However, integrating external and internal sources of   social capital is challenging and identifying appropriate integration   strategies is crucial for the success of such endeavors. This study   examines the simultaneous effects of external and internal sources of   social capital, in the form of participant and project differences, and   examines how they interact to influence OSS project success. We propose   a taxonomy of participant differences (language, role, and contribution)   and project differences (development environment and connectedness) and   postulate their main and moderating effects on project success. Using a   four-year panel data set of 329 SourceForge projects, we show that   development environment difference has a curvilinear relationship with   success and that connectedness reduces the positive impact of role and   contribution diversity on project success. We also show that when   development environment difference is moderate, the impact of role   diversity is the most positive. We present the implications of these   findings for theory and practice.",10.1016/j.jsis.2018.04.002
1938,InProceedings,Statistical properties analysis of file modification in open-source software repositories,"Mining the evolutionary rules of source code files can be conducted by analyzing the data generated in the development of open source software. In this paper, the development log information of two famous open source projects is collected and the statistical distribution of the number of developers corresponding to class files modification is analyzed by statistical method. As a result, we discover that the statistical distribution of the number of developers corresponding to class files modification fellows approximately an exponential distribution. In addition, we analyze the features of function and structure of two kinds of class files and discover that both class files developed by developers who have too many modification behaviors to their projects and class files modified by too many developers tend to be more complex. The statistical analysis of these two projects may provide new insights into the research on studying the evolution of open source software, choosing appropriate programmers to refactor open source software and allocating task of maintenance for open source software.",10.1145/3220228.3220248
1939,InProceedings,Structured analysis of the evaluation process for adopting open-source   software,"Open-source software (OSS) has been widely used in the software   development process to reduce development cost and development period.   However, adopting OSS requires crucial decision-making in terms of   various aspects including business, technology, and intellectual   property management; these may not be mutually independent and may   exhibit a complex set of relationships. This research studies the   structured analysis to break down the evaluation criterion axis and the   contributing factors when adopting OSS and attempts to clarify the   structured evaluation criterion map. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier Ltd.",10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.131
1940,Article,Studying a physics problem with the help of open source software,"Tools for drawing, computing, and graphical representation of data can   be exploited by students and educators for studying efficiently   different physical systems, and for simulating their behaviour. This   could lead to a deeper understanding of the model and help preparing   laboratory activities. Some open source software packages make such   tools readily available and accessible also to users without advanced   programming skills. A few examples are considered in this work: the   study of transient phenomena in the series RLC circuit; the dispersion   of light through a prism; the free fall of an oil droplet in air, as   used in Millikan's experiment. Similar codes might be suitably developed   and adapted for study of simple physics problems.",10.1088/1361-6404/aad16a
1941,Article,Support mechanisms provided by FLOSS foundations and other entities,"Foundations function as a vital institutional support infrastructure for   many of the most successful open-source projects, but the different   roles played by these support entities are understudied in Free/Libre   and Open Source Software (FLOSS) research. Drawing on Open Hub (formerly   known as Ohloh) data, this paper empirically investigates how these   entities support projects and interact with other projects. This study   was conducted using the Theoretical Saturation Grounded Theory approach   given the large volume of data on hand. The findings are synthesized as   a taxonomy of support entities, a categorization of support mechanisms   and a set of dynamics of the interactions between different FLOSS   support entities.",10.1186/s13174-018-0079-2
1942,Article,System requirements-OSS components: matching and mismatch resolution   practices - an empirical study,"Developing systems by integrating Open Source Software (OSS) is   increasingly gaining importance in the software industry. Although the   literature claims that this approach highly impacts Requirements   Engineering (RE) practices, there is a lack of empirical evidence to   demonstrate this statement. To explore and understand problems and   challenges of current system requirement-OSS component matching and   mismatches resolution practices in software development projects that   integrate one or more OSS components into their software products.   Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 respondents that have   performed RE activities in software development projects that integrate   OSS components in 25 different software development companies in Spain,   Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The study uncovers 15 observations   regarding system requirements-OSS components matching and mismatch   resolution practices used in industrial projects that integrate OSS   components. The assessed projects focused mainly on pre-release stages   of software applications that integrate OSS components in an   opportunistic way. The results also provide details of a set of   previously unexplored scenarios when solving system requirement-OSS   component mismatches; and clarify some challenges and related problems.   For instance, although licensing issues and the potential changes in OSS   components by their corresponding communities and/or changes in system   requirements have been greatly discussed in the RE literature as   problems for OSS component integration, they did not appear to be   relevant in our assessed projects. Instead, practitioners highlighted   the problem of getting suitable OSS component documentation/information.",10.1007/s10664-017-9594-1
1943,InProceedings,"Systematic Literature Review Success, failure, risks, benefits and   barriers factors in the adoption of Open Source Software","The paradigm of Open Source Software (OSS) has revolutionized the way in   which the software is used, marketed and distributed. Due to its   strategic importance, in recent years, public administrations have   defined plans for the promotion and strengthening of Information and   Communication Technologies (ICT) based on the use of OSS. These   strategies have been recognized benefits and a wide social repercussion,   given that the open and collaborative paradigm of the OSS phenomenon   allows the use and diffusion of ICTs at all social levels. However, it   limits the exploitation of the benefits of adopting OSS in the public,   private industry and in the Ecuadorian society in general, due to   shortcomings in the identification, assessment and risk management, in   addition to good practices and adoption, the motive this project is to   make a systematic literature review of the OSS adoption, based on   Kitchenham and Charters methodological guide; this guide consists in a   technique based on empirical research, which requires following a   protocol to collect the literature on existing research, related to the   free software adoption by organizations, for obtaining relevant   references of success, failure, risk, benefits and barriers factors of   adoption, in order to determinate the current situation of the OSS use   in Ecuador.",10.1109/INCISCOS.2018.00054
1945,InProceedings,"THE CEOS DATA CUBE PORTAL: A USER-FRIENDLY, OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE   SOLUTION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION, EXPLORATION, ANALYSIS, AND VISUALIZATION   OF ANALYSIS READY DATA","There is an urgent need to increase the capacity of developing countries   to take part in the study and monitoring of their environments through   remote sensing and space based Earth observation technologies. The Open   Data Cube (ODC) provides a mechanism for efficient storage and a   powerful framework for processing and analyzing satellite data. While   this is ideal for scientific research, the expansive feature space can   also be daunting for end-users and decision-makers who simply require a   solution which provides easy exploration, analysis, and visualization of   Analysis Ready Data (ARD). Utilizing innovative web design and a modular   architecture, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) has   created a web-based user interface (UI) which harnesses the power of the   ODC yet provides a simple and familiar user experience: the CEOS Data   Cube (CDC). This paper presents an overview of the CDC architecture and   the salient features of the UI. In order to provide adaptability,   flexibility, scalability, and robustness, we leverage widely-adopted and   well-supported technologies such as the Django web framework and the AWS   Cloud platform. The fully-customizable source code of the UI is   available at our public repository. Interested parties can download the   source and build their own UIs. The UI empowers users by providing   features that assist with streamlining data preparation, data   processing, data visualization, and sub-setting ARD products in order to   achieve a wide variety of Earth imaging objectives through an easy to   use web interface.",NA
1946,Article,THE IMPACT OF IDEOLOGY MISFIT ON OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES AND   COMPANIES,"Corporate involvement in open source software (OSS) communities has   increased substantially in recent years. Often this takes the form of   company employees devoting their time to contribute code to the efforts   of projects in these communities. Ideology has traditionally served to   motivate, coordinate, and guide volunteer contributions to OSS   communities. As employees represent an increasing proportion of the   participants in OSS communities, the role of OSS ideology in guiding   their commitment and code contributions is unknown. In this research, we   argue that OSS ideology misfit has important implications for companies   and the OSS communities to which their employees contribute, since their   engagement in such communities is not necessarily voluntary. We   conceptualize two different types of misfit: OSS ideology under-fit,   whereby an employee embraces an OSS ideology more than their coworkers   or OSS community do, and OSS ideology over-fit, whereby an employee   perceives that their coworkers or OSS community embrace the OSS ideology   more strongly than the employee does. To develop a set of hypotheses   about the implications of these two types of misfit for employee   commitment to the company and commitment to the OSS community, we draw   on self-determination theory. We test the hypotheses in a field study of   186 employees who participate in an OSS community. We find that OSS   ideology under-fit impacts the company and the community in the same   way: it decreases employee commitment to the company and commitment to   the OSS community. In contrast, we find that OSS ideology over-fit   increases commitment to the company but decreases commitment to the OSS   community. Finally, we find that employees' commitment to their company   reinforces the impact of their commitment to the OSS community in   driving ongoing code contributions. This provides a holistic view of OSS   ideology and its impacts among an increasingly pervasive yet   understudied type of participant in OSS research. It provides insights   for companies that are considering assigning their employees to work in   OSS communities as well as for OSS communities that are partnering with   these companies.",10.25300/MISQ/2018/14242
1947,InProceedings,The Best Practice of University and Community Cooperation in Open Source   Software Project - TV Station Media Images Query System for Example,"One open source software project, Open Source Technology Development and   Cultivation of Talent, of Institute for Information Industry (III),   Taiwan released an opportunity and gave us a valuable practice in   helping some engineers, students, and teachers to work together. In this   project, we try to develop the TV station media images query system   prototype. Face recognition based on videos or image sets has been   involved in the project. We try to apply Convolutional Neural Networks   (CNN) and perform feature extraction on a target face in multiple image   frames of given videos and generate multiple face feature vectors   respectively. This proposed prototype and flowchart try to convert the   plurality of face feature vectors into a feature vector of a   predetermined dimension and judge the feature vector of the   predetermined dimension by using a classifier to recognize the target   face. The user can input Chinese name of actress and pressure search   button, then, if information retrieved from the database associated with   a selected person, it can show all similar images and time associated   with a given face name.",10.1109/I-SPAN.2018.00065
1948,Article,The Clue of Life: Translating Feuerbach in George Eliot's <i>The Mill on   the Floss</i>,"The central preoccupation of George Eliot's life was with religion. In   her novels she searched for a view of life that would give modern man a   sense of purpose, dignity and ethical direction. On reading Eliot's   novels with the knowledge of her intellectual development, one must ask   how this earnest agnostic could treat traditional religion so   sympathetically, why she made the religious experience the subject of   her creative work, and what moral truth she found religion to embody. It   was the philosophy of the German anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach, whose   book The Essence of Christianity she translated in 1854, in combination   with her own earlier experiences as a Christian, which led Eliot to her   understanding of the subjective reality embodied in Christianity. `With   the ideas of Feuerbach,' Eliot wrote, `I everywhere agree' (Haight,   1954-55, p.153). My paper attempts to show how the influence of   Feuerbach achieves complexity and vitality in Eliot's novel The Mill on   the Floss and how Eliot establishes her faith in firm and lasting   relations, which could be attained through the adjustment of the   individual to the community. This adjustment comes as a corollary to the   protagonist's realization of the principles that promote love, respect,   tolerance and sacrifice for others.",10.21659/rupkatha.v10n3.02
1949,InProceedings,The Evolution of Emotional Displays in Open Source Software Development   Teams: An Individual Growth Curve Analysis,"Software developers communicate and interact with each other in order to   solve complex problems. Such communication often includes emotional   displays that have been shown to influence team processes and   performance. Yet, little is known about the evolution of team emotional   displays. Hence, we investigate a sample of 1121 Open Source Software   (OSS) projects from GitHub, using longitudinal data analysis. The   results from growth curve analysis shows that the team emotional display   decrease over time. This negative linear trend decelerates mid-term as   suggested by a positive quadratic trend of time. Such deceleration   diminishes toward the end as a negative cubic trend suggests.",10.1145/3194932.3194934
1950,InProceedings,The Origins Survey Spectrometer (OSS): a far-IR discovery machine for   the Origins Space Telescope,"The OSS on the Origins Space Telescope is designed to decode the cosmic   history of nucleosynthesis, star formation, and supermassive black hole   growth with wide-area spatial-spectral 3-D surveys across the full 25 to   590 micron band. Six wideband grating modules combine to cover the full   band at R=300, each couples a long slit with 60-190 beams on the sky.   OSS will have a total of 120,000 background-limited detector pixels in   the six 2-D arrays which provide spatial and spectral coverage. The   suite of grating modules can be used for pointed observations of targets   of interest, and are particularly powerful for 3-D spectral spectral   surveys. To chart the transition from interstellar material,   particularly water, to planetary systems, two high-spectral-resolution   modes are included. The first incorporates a Fourier-transform   spectrometer (FTS) in front of the gratings providing resolving power of   25,000 (delta v = 12 km/s) at 179 mu m to resolve water emission in   protoplanetary disk spectra. The second boosts the FTS capability with   an additional etalon (Fabry-Perot interferometer) to provide 2 km/s   resolution in this line to enable detailed structural studies of disks   in the various water and HD lines. Optical, thermal, and mechanical   designs are presented, and the system approach to the detector readout   enabling the large formats is described.",10.1117/12.2314049
1951,Article,"The Types, Roles, and Practices of Documentation in Data Analytics Open   Source Software Libraries","Computational research and data analytics increasingly relies on complex   ecosystems of open source software (OSS) ``libraries{''} - curated   collections of reusable code that programmers import to perform a   specific task. Software documentation for these libraries is crucial in   helping programmers/analysts know what libraries are available and how   to use them. Yet documentation for open source software libraries is   widely considered low-quality. This article is a collaboration between   CSCW researchers and contributors to data analytics OSS libraries, based   on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews. We examine several   issues around the formats, practices, and challenges around   documentation in these largely volunteer-based projects. There are many   different kinds and formats of documentation that exist around such   libraries, which play a variety of educational, promotional, and   organizational roles. The work behind documentation is similarly   multifaceted, including writing, reviewing, maintaining, and organizing   documentation. Different aspects of documentation work require   contributors to have different sets of skills and overcome various   social and technical barriers. Finally, most of our interviewees do not   report high levels of intrinsic enjoyment for doing documentation work   (compared to writing code). Their motivation is affected by personal and   project-specific factors, such as the perceived level of credit for   doing documentation work versus more `technical' tasks like adding new   features or fixing bugs. In studying documentation work for data   analytics OSS libraries, we gain a new window into the changing   practices of data-intensive research, as well as help practitioners   better understand how to support this often invisible and   infrastructural work in their projects.",10.1007/s10606-018-9333-1
1953,Article,The life cycle process of knowledge sharing in free software   communities: Sharing profiles and motivations,"Knowledge is an obtainable, renewable, dynamic, context-dependent   resource that can be shared, and the knowledge sharing cycle has 2   processes: knowledge donation, when a person voluntarily offers his/her   intellectual capital to others, and knowledge collection, when a person   consults other people's intellectual capital. Knowledge can be shared   among individuals, groups, and organizations. A free software community   is a type of community of practice arranged around a specific free   software, where the knowledge shared is complex and the knowledge   sharing processes have scarcely been studied. This investigation aims to   identify the profiles of knowledge sharing processes in free software   communities and examine how 6 motivations for sharing knowledge in free   software communities are associated with each of the clusters. To   accomplish this objective, a survey method was adopted, with 260   respondents belonging to free software communities. Cluster analysis was   used to interpret the data. Four clusters were identified: Sporadic   Sharer; Collector; Donator; and Constant Sharer. With the exception of   the Sporadic Sharer, all the clusters presented high values of both   collection and donation, including the Donators and Collectors. These   results confirm the view of free software communities as communities of   practice and highlight the importance of knowledge sharing in free   software development cycle. The results reveal the importance of the   Constant Sharer profile, which has the highest rates of donation and   collection and is also the profile in which all the motivations appear   with the highest values, indicating its key role in the functioning of   free software communities.",10.1002/kpm.1569
1956,InProceedings,Time to Discover and Fix Software Vulnerabilities in Open Source   Software Projects: Notes on Measurement and Data Availability,"Reducing the time taken to discover and fix vulnerabilities in open   source software projects is increasingly relevant to technology   entrepreneurs and technology managers at all levels of industry.   Rigorous research requires access to valid and reliable data on when   vulnerabilities were introduced, discovered, and closed. This article   offers three contributions about measurement and data availability: (1)   an approach to measuring the time to discover and time to fix   vulnerabilities in open source software projects, (2) evidence that   combining project release histories and metrics from two online   databases can provide reliable proxy dates for vulnerability   introduction and fix, but not discovery, and (3) possible technical and   open collaboration solutions to the data availability limitations of   current databases. These results were part of a larger mixed-method   study on the relationship between open source project and community   attributes and software vulnerabilities with a data set of 1268   vulnerabilities affecting the software produced by 60 open source   projects.",NA
1957,Article,Tools4MSP: an open source software package to support Maritime Spatial   Planning,"This paper presents the Tools4MSP software package, a Python-based Free   and Open Source Software (FOSS) for geospatial analysis in support of   Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and marine environmental management. The   suite was initially developed within the ADRIPLAN data portal, that has   been recently upgraded into the Tools4MSP Geoplatform   (data.tools4msp.eu), an integrated web platform that supports MSP   through the application of different tools, e.g., collaborative   geospatial modelling of cumulative effects assessment (CEA) and marine   use conflict (MUC) analysis. The package can be used as stand-alone   library or as collaborative webtool, providing userfriendly interfaces   appropriate to decision-makers, regional authorities, academics and MSP   stakeholders. An effective MSP-oriented integrated system of web-based   software, users and services is proposed. It includes four components:   the Tools4MSP Geoplatform for interoperable and collaborative sharing of   geospatial datasets and for MSP-oriented analysis, the Tools4MSP package   as stand-alone library for advanced geospatial and statistical analysis,   the desktop applications to simplify data curation and the third party   data repositories for multidisciplinary and multilevel geospatial   datasets integration. The paper presents an application example of the   Tools4MSP GeoNode plugin and an example of Tools4MSP stand-alone library   for CEA in the Adriatic Sea. The Tools4MSP and the developed software   have been released as FOSS under the GPL 3 license and are currently   under further development.",10.7717/peerj-cs.165
1958,InProceedings,USE OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN LOGISTICS ICT EDUCATION,"Nowadays Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a very   important role in Logistics. The Open Source Software (OSS) movement is   creating new models for research and education. This work argues over   the exclusive use of OSS for supporting the laboratory sessions of ICT   undergraduate courses in the domain of Logistics Management, in a Greek   public Higher Education Institution. We demonstrate the successful   adoption of OSS and its influence in Logistics Management education,   focusing on learning of concepts rather than products. Four sample   courses that are closely related are considered: Databases Management,   Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Logistics Information Systems   and E-Business. The requirements and selection of the most suitable open   source programs, the adaptation of the existing educational material and   the development of new course-ware are presented. The various factors   that can influence the successful implementation, the issues that we   addressed, and the students' attitudes towards using OSS are analysed.",NA
1960,InProceedings,Understanding Industry Requirements for FLOSS Governance Tools,"Almost all software products today incorporate free/libre, and open   source software (FLOSS) components. Companies must govern their FLOSS   use to avoid potential risks to their intellectual property resulting   from the use of FLOSS components. A particular challenge is license   compliance. To manage the complexity of license compliance, companies   should use tools and well-defined processes to perform these tasks time   and cost efficiently. This paper investigates and presents common   industry requirements for FLOSS governance tools, followed by an   evaluation of the suggested requirements by matching them with the   features of existing tools.   We chose 10 industry leading companies through polar theoretical   sampling and interviewed their FLOSS governance experts to derive a   theory of industry needs and requirements for tooling. We then analyzed   the features of a governance tools sample and used this analysis to   evaluate two categories of our theory: FLOSS license scanning and FLOSS   in product bills of materials. The result is a list of FLOSS governance   requirements based on our qualitative study of the industry, evaluated   using the existing governance tool features. For higher practical   relevance, we cast our theory as a requirements specification for FLOSS   governance tools.",10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8\\_13
1961,Article,"Use of Free/Libre Open Source Software in Sepsis ``-Omics{''} Research:   A Bibliometric, Comparative Analysis Among the United States, EU-28   Member States, and China","-Omics systems sciences are at the epicenter of personalized medicine   and public health, and drivers of knowledge-based biotechnology   innovation. Bioinformatics, a core component of omics research, is one   of the disciplines that first employed Free/Libre Open Source Software   (FLOSS), and thus provided a fertile ground for its further development.   Understanding the use and characteristics of FLOSS deployed in the omics   field is valuable for future innovation strategies, policy and funding   priorities. We conducted a bibliometric, longitudinal study of the use   of FLOSS in sepsis omics research from 2011 to 2015 in the United   States, EU-28 and China. Because sepsis is an interdisciplinary field at   the intersection of multiple omics technologies and medical specialties,   it was chosen as a model innovation ecosystem for this empirical   analysis, which used publicly available data. Despite development of and   competition from proprietary commercial software, scholars in omics   continue to employ FLOSS routinely, and independent of the type of omics   technology they work with. The number of articles using FLOSS increased   significantly over time in the EU-28, as opposed to the United States   and China (R=0.96, p=0.004). Furthermore, in an era where sharing of   knowledge is being strongly advocated and promoted by public agencies   and social institutions, we discuss possible correlations between the   use of FLOSS and various funding sources in omics research. These   observations and analyses provide new insights into the use of FLOSS in   sepsis omics research across three (supra)national regions. Further   benchmarking studies are warranted for FLOSS trends in other omics   fields and geographical settings. These could, in time, lead to the   development of new composite innovation and technology use metrics in   omics systems sciences and bioinformatics communities.",10.1089/omi.2018.0032
1962,InProceedings,User personalized label set extraction algorithm based on LDA and   collaborative filtering in open source software community,"As an open source project hosting platform, Github builds user-project   heterogeneous networks with multiple user behaviors as a bridge. Users,   as the core element in Github, guarantee the activity of the whole   system. However, many new users have faced the problem that they don't   know which repository suits them in a short period. This paper proposes   an effective user personalized label extraction model based on LDA and   collaborative filtering. This algorithm combines the familiarity of the   user with the similarity of the user to obtain the user's personalized   label set and applies the label set to the match the recommended   scenario. The experiment shows that the algorithm has good   recommendation effect and can alleviate the cold start problem of new   users to a certain extent.",NA
1963,InProceedings,Visualizing simulated temperatures of a complex object calculated with   FTOM using open source software (BLENDER),"The Fraunhofer thermal object model (FTOM) predicts the temperature of   an object as a function of the environmental conditions. The model has   an outer layer exchanging radiation and heat with the environment and a   stack of layers beyond modifying the thermal behavior. The orientation   of the layer is defined by the normal vector of the surface. The   innermost layer is at a constant or variable temperature called core   temperature. All the layers have heat capacity and thermal conductivity.   The outer layers properties are color (visible), emissivity (IR),   coefficients of free and forced convection, and a factor for latent   heat. The environmental parameters are air temperature, wind speed,   relative humidity, irradiation of the sun, and thermal radiation of the   sky and ground. The properties of the model (7 parameters) are fitted to   minimize the difference between the prediction and a time series of   measured temperatures. The size of the time series is one or more days   with 288 values per day (5 minute resolution). The model is useable for   very different objects like backgrounds (meadow, forest, rocks, sand, or   bricks) or parts of objects like vehicles.   The STANDCAM is a decoy of a vehicle and is used to constitute a thermal   signature and is not classified. The STANDCAM has a complex CAD-Model   with thousands of triangular facets that had to be simplified for the   thermal simulation. The CAD model was available through WTD 52, an   agency of the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information   Technology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw). Groups of elements of the   model facing in the same direction and behaving similarly were cut out   and grouped in distinct objects. The calculation of the temperature of   the objects is based on measured environmental data and the model   parameters are fitted on measured radiation temperatures of the objects   and backgrounds.   For the visualization the object is surrounded by a world texture. For   the radiation temperature of the environment and the ground under the   object measured air and meadow temperatures were used. The temperature   is coded as a color from a palette (here we use a grey palette) and is   updated regularly throughout the calculation of the scene for the   selected view and is stored as a texture bitmap. The animation of the   temperature textures is directly performed by BLENDER. The result of the   visualization is available as movie that is watchable in real time or   time lapse.",10.1117/12.2325380
1964,Article,WannierTools: An open-source software package for novel topological   materials,"We present an open-source software package Wannier Tools, a tool for   investigation of novel topological materials. This code works in the   tight-binding framework, which can be generated by another software   package Wannier90 (Mostofi et al., 2008). It can help to classify the   topological phase of a given material by calculating the Wilson loop,   and can get the surface state spectrum, which is detected by angle   resolved photoemission (ARPES) and in scanning tunneling microscopy   (STM) experiments. It also identifies positions of Weyl/Dirac points and   nodal line structures, calculates the Berry phase around a closed   momentum loop and Berry curvature in a part of the Brillouin zone (BZ).   Program summary   Program title: WannierTools   Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ygsmh4hyh6.1   Licensing provisions: GNU General Public Licence 3.0   Programming language: Fortran 90   External routines/libraries used:   BIAS (http://www/netlib.org/blas)   LAPACK (http://www.netlib.org/lapack)   Nature of problem: Identifying topological classificatiOns of   crystalline systems including insulators, semimetals, metals, and   studying the electronic properties of the related slab and ribbon   systems. Solution method: Tight-binding method is a good approximation   for solid systems. Based on that, Wilson loop is used for topological   phase classification. The iterative Green's function is used for   obtaining the surface state spectrum. (C) 2017 Elsevier BV. All rights   reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2017.09.033
1965,Article,Web portal implementation based on free software to support   collaborative process of developing a videogame for teaching of software   engineering,"This document presents the implementation of a free software system   around the development of an educational video game that promotes the   teaching of Software Engineering. Beginning with a thorough analysis of   the characteristics of the necessary software to create an environment   that favors multidisciplinary collaborative work, to then install and   configure the selected solutions and finish with an analysis of   compliance with usability guidelines for web portals and playability   guidelines for video games.   The web portal creation contribution (www.soengirpg.com) is the   activation of collaborative work that guarantees the continuity of the   construction of a video game about Software Engineering. A system that   integrates all the interested actors, who require an environment where   they obtain specific information to develop video games and share their   knowledge about it.",10.26507/rei.v13n26.918
1966,Article,What Is Needed for the Sustainable Success of OSS Projects: Efficiency   Analysis of Commit Production Process via Git,"The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative efficiency of   open source software projects, and to analyze what is needed for their   sustainable success. The success of open source software is known to be   attributable to a massive number of contributors engaging in the   development process. However, an efficient open source software project   is not guaranteed simply by active participation by many; a coordination   mechanism is needed to seamlessly manage the multi-party collaboration.   On this basis, this study aimed to examine the internal regulatory   processes based on Git and GitHub, which serve as such a mechanism, and   redefine the efficiency of open source software projects to fully   reflect them. For this purpose, a two-stage data envelopment analysis   was used to measure the project efficiency reflecting the internal   processes. Moreover, this study considered the Kruskal-Wallis test and   Tobit regression analysis to examine the effects of the participation by   many on an open source software project based on the newly defined   efficiency. Results show that a simple increase in contributors can be   poisonous in terms of the efficiency of open source software projects.",10.3390/su10093001
1967,InProceedings,When Students Become Contributors: Leveraging OSS Contributions in   Software Engineering Courses,"Traditional Software Engineering courses commonly prioritize the   teaching of methodologies and concepts in small and controlled   environments. This decision is partly justified by the difficulty of   bringing real software projects to the classroom. The ubiquity of Open   Source Software (OSS) projects contributes to mitigating this problem.   Several instructors already make use of contribution to OSS as part of   the teaching and evaluation process in their courses. However, little is   known about how students perceive the approach of contributing to OSS   projects in the context of a Software Engineering course. This paper   aims to uncover challenges and benefits from the students' perspective.   To achieve this, we conducted14 semi-structured interviews with students   who attended to this kind of courses in five different Brazilian   universities, resulting in findings not so well known. For example, we   noticed that, although instructors point to the projects that students   are required to contribute to, students (and the project community) are   involved in the process of choosing projects and tasks (issues). We also   identified that students' contributions vary in terms of number of lines   added and removed in commits, as well as the use of different   programming languages.",10.1145/3266237.3266250
1969,InProceedings,Why We Engage in FLOSS: Answers from Core Developers,"The maintenance and evolution of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)   projects demand the constant attraction of core developers. In this   paper, we report the results of a survey with 52 developers, who   recently became core contributors of popular GitHub projects. We reveal   their motivations to assume a key role in FLOSS projects (e.g.,   improving the projects because they are also using it), the project   characteristics that most helped in their engagement process (e.g., a   friendly community), and the barriers faced by the surveyed core   developers (e.g., lack of time of the project leaders). We also compare   our results with related studies about others kinds of open source   contributors (casual, one-time, and newcomers).",10.1145/3195836.3195848
1971,Article,``Computing{''} Requirements for Open Source Software: A Distributed   Cognitive Approach,"Most requirements engineering (RE) research has been conducted in the   context of structured and agile software development. Software, however,   is increasingly developed in open source software (OSS) forms which have   several unique characteristics. In this study, we approach OSS RE as a   sociotechnical, distributed cognitive process where distributed actors   ``compute{''} requirements- i.e., transform requirements-related   knowledge into forms that foster a shared understanding of what the   software is going to do and how it can be implemented. Such computation   takes place through social sharing of knowledge and the use of   heterogeneous artifacts. To illustrate the value of this approach, we   conduct a case study of a popular OSS project, Rubinius-a runtime   environment for the Ruby programming language-and identify ways in which   cognitive workload associated with RE becomes distributed socially,   structurally, and temporally across actors and artifacts. We generalize   our observations into an analytic framework of OSS RE, which delineates   three stages of requirements computation: excavation, instantiation, and   testing-in-the-wild. We show how the distributed, dynamic, and   heterogeneous computational structure underlying OSS development builds   an effective mechanism for managing requirements. Our study contributes   to sorely needed theorizing of appropriate RE processes within highly   distributed environments as it identifies and articulates several novel   mechanisms that undergird cognitive processes associated with   distributed forms of RE.",10.17705/1jais.00525
1972,Article,openCrys: Open-Source Software for the Multiscale Modeling of Combined   Antisolvent and Cooling Crystallization in Turbulent Flow,"The open-source software, called openCrys, is provided for the   multiscale simulation of antisolvent and combined antisolvent-cooling   crystallization. It simulates the macro- and micromixing scales, and the   complete energy and population balance equations during crystal   nucleation and growth. The model is based on the   Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equation, coupled with a   three-environment presumed probability density function model, and the   spatially varying population balance equation semidiscretized using a   high resolution finite-volume method. openCrys is implemented in C++   object oriented programming language using the open-source CFD package   OpenFOAM. The software is used to compare the performance of dual   impinging jet, coaxial, and radial crystallizers. It is shown that   improving the micromixing does not necessarily result in a narrower   crystal size distribution when temperature effects are taken into   account. The complex interplay of crystallizer kinetics and momentum,   mass, and heat transfer makes the selection of the best mixer for a   particular application to be nonobvious, which motivates the development   and application of high-fidelity multiscale simulations for the design   of antisolvent crystallizers.",10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01849
1974,InProceedings,3D IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS: A LEARNING PROPOSAL USING FREE SOFTWARE,"This paper presents the results of a research aiming to strengthen the   teaching-learning process in Pedagogy of Experimental Sciences in the   Technical University of Machala. In spite of the importance of the   application of technologies in the educational context, there are   theoretical and methodological inadequacies for the intentionally and   coherently use from the activities carried out since the different   subjects. Starting from the analysis and systematization of the   fundamentals of the teaching - learning process in the Pedagogy of   Experimental Sciences career and of the particularities of virtual   environments for educational purposes, this research proposed the   objective of building a 3D immersive environment, as Virtual resources   management platform, for the strengthening of the teaching - learning   process in Pedagogy of Experimental Sciences. For the creation of the   virtual world OpenSimulator was used as an open source 3D server   allowing the development of 3D virtual environments with customized   configurations. In the research, there were a population made up of   students and teachers of first, second and third level of the career.   During the process, methods of the theoretical and empirical level were   used it and permit the collection and interpretation of quantitative and   qualitative data. The evaluation made it possible to assess the quality   and effectiveness of the proposal, evidencing favorable results for both   teachers and students, since the process was developed in a flexible,   dynamic and playful environment, increased motivation in collaborative   work, reflected the possibility of interact when needed and learn at   each student pace, and also demonstrating the significant understanding   of knowledge and its application in practice, as well as the creativity   and adaptability of the insertion of technologies that are considered   difficult to use it.",NA
1975,Article,3D organ modeling with open-source software,"To date, 3D organ modeling has not reached widespread clinical use,   despite showing promise in medical literature. The majority of anatomic   modeling that is presented in the literature is performed with   proprietary software, presenting certain barriers to use, such as price   for usage rights. Open-source software not only circumvents this   barrier, but also often provides greater customization offered by global   communities. In this proof-of-concept experiment, a HeartMate II LVAD   inflow cannula was ``virtually fit{''} in a patient's left ventricle   using only open-source software. Open-source programs provide a   legitimate alternative to the proprietary software options.",10.1111/aor.13395
1976,Article,A Community Strategy Framework - How to obtain influence on requirements   in meritocratic open source software communities?,"Context: In the Requirements Engineering (RE) process of an Open Source   Software (OSS) community, an involved firm is a stakeholder among many.   Conflicting agendas may create miss-alignment with the firm's internal   requirements strategy. In communities with meritocratic governance or   with aspects thereof, a firm has the opportunity to affect the RE   process in line with their own agenda by gaining influence through   active and symbiotic engagements.   Objective: The focus of this study has been to identify what aspects   that firms should consider when they assess their need of influencing   the RE process in an OSS community, as well as what engagement practices   that should be considered in order to gain this influence.   Method: Using a design science approach, 21 interviews with 18 industry   professionals from 12 different software-intensive firms were conducted   to explore, design and validate an artifact for the problem context.   Results: A Community Strategy Framework (CSF) is presented to help firms   create community strategies that describe if and why they need influence   on the RE process in a specific (meritocratic) OSS community, and how   the firm could gain it. The framework consists of aspects and engagement   practices. The aspects help determine how important an OSS project and   its community is from business and technical perspectives. A community   perspective is used when considering the feasibility and potential in   gaining influence. The engagement practices are intended as a tool-box   for how a firm can engage with a community in order to build influence   needed.   Conclusion: It is concluded from interview-based validation that the   proposed CSF may provide support for firms in creating and tailoring   community strategies and help them to focus resources on communities   that matter and gain the influence needed on their respective RE   processes.",10.1016/j.infsof.2019.04.010
1977,InProceedings,A Point Process Approach of Bug Fixing Analysis in Open Source Software   Projects,"One of open-source software (OSS) is that it can be used for a long term   by repeating version-up iteratively in the operational phase, so that   OSS possesses a different software bug detection and correction profiles   from the closed source software (CSS) products. More specifically, the   software bug fixing process of OSS can be considered to show effects of   the long-term operation and/or periodicity due to the multiple   version-up procedures, in addition to the common reliability growth   phenomenon observed in the relatively short-term software testing. In   this article we propose a stochastic point process approach to represent   the long-term effect and the periodicity effect of OSS with the actual   OSS bug fixing data. By conducting the reliability analysis of OSS, it   is possible to assess the operational reliability of OSS quantitatively   and to share the published quality indicators of OSS by the whole OSS   community.",10.1109/QRS.2019.00024
1978,Article,A Prediction Model of the Project Life-Span in Open Source Software   Ecosystem,"In nature ecosystems, animal life-spans are determined by genes and some   other biological characteristics. Similarly, the software project   life-spans are related to some internal or external characteristics.   Analyzing the relations between these characteristics and the project   life-span, may help developers, investors, and contributors to control   the development cycle of the software project. The paper provides an   insight on the project life-span for a free open source software   ecosystem. The statistical analysis of some project characteristics in   GitHub is presented, and we find that the choices of programming   languages, the number of files, the label format of the project, and the   relevant membership expressions can impact the life-span of a project.   Based on these discovered characteristics, we also propose a prediction   model to estimate the project life-span in open source software   ecosystems. These results may help developers reschedule the project in   open source software ecosystem.",10.1007/s11036-018-0993-3
1979,InProceedings,A Procedure for Automating Earthwork Computations Using UAV   Photogrammetry and Open-Source Software,"Nowadays, the earthworks and backfilling volume calculation is typically   executed using manual and time-consuming procedures. The evolution of   technologies enables the development of innovative automated approaches   to speed up the calculations while improving accuracy. This paper aims   at investigating such technologies proposing a new approach, using an   UAV for the survey, an open source photogrammetric software (MicMac) and   a set of ad hoc Python modules, to convert the coordinates of the point   cloud from a global reference frame to a local one and to estimate   volumes of interest to a roadworks site. Preliminary tests on a selected   case study demonstrated how the proposed automated procedure may greatly   improve the accuracy of calculations.",10.1063/1.5114291
1980,InProceedings,A Survey of Learning Methods in Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) is usually developed by heterogeneous groups of people, each with their own interests, motivations and abilities. Therefore, it is important to establish the best software development and contributing practices early in the life-time of the project. Such practices should foster the contributors’ involvement in the OSS project as quickly as possible. The sustainability of an OSS project is heavily based on the underlying community of contributors and on the knowledge and skills they bring to the project and they acquire and develop through their participation in the project and interaction with the project community. Therefore, identifying and investigating contributors’ learning processes is an important research area in OSS.This survey paper presents an overview of open source learning methods in order to explore how community interaction impacts the development and application of OSS learning processes in other areas, especially in education. It is argued that collaboration with peers and consistent code contributions result in learning progress in OSS. Typical research in this area is based on case by case analysis, whereas this survey tries to highlight and combine the outcomes of several research contributions from the literature.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8_10
1982,Article,A large-scale empirical exploration on refactoring activities in open   source software projects,"Refactoring is a well-established practice that aims at improving the   internal structure of a software system without changing its external   behavior. Existing literature provides evidence of how and why   developers perform refactoring in practice. In this paper, we continue   on this line of research by performing a large-scale empirical analysis   of refactoring practices in 200 open source systems. Specifically, we   analyze the change history of these systems at commit level to   investigate: (i) whether developers perform refactoring operations and,   if so, which are more diffused and (ii) when refactoring operations are   applied, and (iii) which are the main developer-oriented factors leading   to refactoring. Based on our results, future research can focus on   enabling automatic support for less frequent refactorings and on   recommending refactorings based on the developer's workload, project's   maturity and developer's commitment to the project. (C) 2019 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.scico.2019.05.002
1983,InProceedings,A manually-curated dataset of fixes to vulnerabilities of open-source software,"Advancing our understanding of software vulnerabilities, automating their identification, the analysis of their impact, and ultimately their mitigation is necessary to enable the development of software that is more secure.While operating a vulnerability assessment tool, which we developed, and that is currently used by hundreds of development units at SAP, we manually collected and curated a dataset of vulnerabilities of open-source software, and the commits fixing them. The data were obtained both from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), and from project-specific web resources, which we monitor on a continuous basis.From that data, we extracted a dataset that maps 624 publicly disclosed vulnerabilities affecting 205 distinct open-source Java projects, used in SAP products or internal tools, onto the 1282 commits that fix them. Out of 624 vulnerabilities, 29 do not have a CVE (Common Vulnerability and Exposure) identifier at all, and 46, which do have such identifier assigned by a numbering authority, are not available in the NVD yet.The dataset is released under an open-source license, together with supporting scripts that allow researchers to automatically retrieve the actual content of the commits from the corresponding repositories, and to augment the attributes available for each instance. Moreover, these scripts allow to complement the dataset with additional instances that are not security fixes (which is useful, for example, in machine learning applications).Our dataset has been successfully used to train classifiers that could automatically identify security-relevant commits in code repositories. The release of this dataset and the supporting code as open-source will allow future research to be based on data of industrial relevance; it also represents a concrete step towards making the maintenance of this dataset a shared effort involving open-source communities, academia, and the industry.",10.1109/MSR.2019.00064
1984,Article,A network-centric approach for estimating trust between open source   software developers,"Trust between developers influences the success of open source software   (OSS) projects. Although existing research recognizes the importance of   trust, there is a lack of an effective and scalable computational method   to measure trust in an OSS community. Consequently, OSS project members   must rely on subjective inferences based on fragile and incomplete   information for trust-related decision making. We propose an automated   approach to assist a developer in identifying the trustworthiness of   another developer. Our two-fold approach, first, computes direct trust   between developer pairs who have interacted previously by analyzing   their interactions via natural language processing. Second, we infer   indirect trust between developers who have not interacted previously by   constructing a community-wide developer network and propagating trust in   the network. A large-scale evaluation of our approach on a GitHub   dataset consisting of 24,315 developers shows that contributions from   trusted developers are more likely to be accepted to a project compared   to contributions from developers who are distrusted or lacking trust   from project members. Further, we develop a pull request classifier that   exploits trust metrics to effectively predict the likelihood of a pull   request being accepted to a project, demonstrating the practical utility   of our approach.",10.1371/journal.pone.0226281
1986,Article,A pilot empirical study of applying a usability technique in an open   source software project,"Context The growth in the number of non-technical open source software   (OSS) application users and the escalating use of these applications   have redoubled the need for, and interest in, developing usable OSS. OSS   communities are unclear about which techniques to use in each   development process activity.   Objective: The aim of our research is to adapt a usability technique   (visual brainstorming) to an OSS project and evaluate the feasibility of   its application.   Method: We used the case study research method to investigate technique   application and participation in a project. To do this, we participated   as volunteers in the HistoryCal project.   Results: We identified adverse conditions that were an obstacle to   technique application (like it was not easy to recruit OSS users to   participate) and modified the technique to make it applicable.   Conclusion: We conclude that these changes were helpful for applying the   technique using web artifacts like blogs.",10.1016/j.infsof.2018.09.007
1987,Article,A survey of application orchestration and OSS in next-generation network   management,"In recent years, demands on wireless network for services mobility, for   ever more resources, and for a growing variety of services, have   exploded. Consequently, network management as we have known it up to   now, with its silos and rigid approach, cannot meet these expectations.   If we add the Internet of Things, the network has to become dynamic,   adaptable and flexible. In this context, the industry and forums have   specified and standardized a new architecture based on Software Defined   Network (SDN), Network Function Virtualization, and Orchestration. These   new paradigms, and especially Orchestration, will have a great impact on   the Legacy Network Management Systems and the Operations Support System   (OSS). We present a state of the art review of the main architecture   approaches in the SDN standardization forums and discuss the place of   the Orchestration in these different architectures. Then we focus on the   Orchestration at the application layer and show how, together with SDN   and Network Function Virtualization, they influence the Operation and   Business Support Systems of next-generation network management. Finally,   we analyze the roles and functions of this Orchestrator with regard to   upper management, as well as the several open challenges in this domain.",10.1016/j.csi.2018.07.003
1988,Article,A systematic examination of knowledge loss in open source software projects: {SSIS},"Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity. Objective: The objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects. Methodology: We use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure. Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics. Result: Knowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects. Conclusion: In this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.015
1989,Article,A two-dimensional method for evaluating maintainability and reliability   of open source software,"Increased popularity of open source software (OSS) has led to a   considerable proliferation of alternative software. However, there is a   lack of studies in literature that shed light into the evaluation of OSS   by organizations. In this article, a method to evaluate reliability and   maintainability of OSS by using both code-based and community-based   aspects is proposed through the synthesis of existing studies in   literature. To perform code-based evaluation, some internal attributes   of the most recent quality model, ISO/IEC 25010, are selected and   object-oriented C\\&K metrics are employed in an attempt to measure these   attributes. To perform community-based evaluation, metrics derived from   historical data such as e-mailing lists, problem reports, frequently   asked questions, and etc. are utilized to identify and satisfy   information needs as conformant to ISO/IEC 15939 standard for software   measurement process. The two-dimensional method was used in selection of   the Java build tools written in Java, and the results obtained by   applying the proposed method and the results obtained by using OSMM and   OpenBRR which are common methods in the literature were compared.   According to the evaluation and comparison results, the results obtained   with the existing models confirm each other and the results obtained   with the proposed method.",10.17341/gazimmfd.571563
1991,InProceedings,Activity-Based Analysis of Open Source Software Contributors: Roles and   Dynamics,"Contributors to open source software (OSS) communities assume diverse   roles to take different responsibilities. One major limitation of the   current OSS tools and platforms is that they provide a uniform user   interface regardless of the activities performed by the various types of   contributors. This paper serves as a non-trivial first step towards   resolving this challenge by demonstrating a methodology and establishing   knowledge to understand how the contributors' roles and their dynamics,   reflected in the activities contributors perform, are exhibited in OSS   communities. Based on an analysis of user action data from 29 GitHub   projects, we extracted six activities that distinguished four Active   roles and five Supporting roles of OSS contributors, as well as patterns   in role changes. Through the lens of the Activity Theory, these findings   provided rich design guidelines for OSS tools to support diverse   contributor roles.",10.1109/CHASE.2019.00011
1993,Article,Adapting usability techniques for application in open source Software: A   multiple case study,"Context: As a result of the growth of non-developer users of OSS   applications, usability has over the last ten years begun to attract the   interest of the open source software (OSS) community. The OSS community   has some special characteristics (such as worldwide geographical   distribution of both users and developers and missing resources) which   are an obstacle to the direct adoption of many usability techniques as   specified in the human-computer interaction (HCI) field.   Objective: The aim of this research is to adapt and evaluate the   feasibility of applying four usability techniques: user profiles,   personas, direct observation and post-test information to four OSS   projects from the viewpoint of the development team.   Method: The applied research method was a multiple case study of the   following OSS projects: Quite Universal Circuit Simulator, PSeInt,   FreeMind and OpenOffice Writer.   Results: We formalized the application procedure of each of the adapted   usability techniques. We found that either there were no procedures for   adopting usability techniques in OSS or they were not fully   systematized. Additionally, we identified the adverse conditions that   are an obstacle to their adoption in OSS and propose the special   adaptations required to overcome the obstacles. To avoid some of the   adverse conditions, we created web artefacts (online survey, wiki and   forum) that are very popular in the OSS field.   Conclusion: It is necessary to adapt usability techniques for   application in OSS projects considering their idiosyncrasy.   Additionally, we found that there are obstacles (for example, number of   participant users, biased information provided by developers) to the   application of the techniques. Despite these obstacles, it is feasible   to apply the adapted techniques in OSS projects.",10.1016/j.infsof.2018.10.011
1994,Article,Ambit-GCM: An Open-source Software Tool for Group Contribution Modelling,"Ambit-GCM is a new software tool for group contribution modelling (GCM),   developed as a part of the chemoinformatics platform AMBIT. It is an   open-source tool distributed under LGPL license, written in Java and   based on the Chemistry Development Kit. Ambit-GCM provides an   environment for creating models of molecular properties using additive   schemes of zero, first or second orders. Ambit-GCM supports a set of   local atomic attributes used for dynamic configuration of desired atom   descriptions, which are applied to define fragments of different sizes.   All defined groups are exhaustively generated for each molecule from a   training set of compounds and combined to form the basic set of GCM   fragments. Additionally, Ambit-GCM users can define correction factors   via custom SMARTS notations or add externally calculated molecular   descriptors. A molecular property model is obtained as a sum over all   found groups by multiplying each group or correction factor frequency to   its corresponding contribution. Multiple linear regression analysis   (MLRA) is used for group contributions calculation. Ambit-GCM performs   full statistical characterization of the obtained MLRA models via   various validation techniques: external tests validation, cross   validation, y-scrambling, etc. The software can be optionally used only   for molecule fragmentation combined with an external statistical   modelling package for further processing. Ambit-GCM example usage and   test cases are given.",10.1002/minf.201800138
1995,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of Security Culture in Open Source Software   Communities,"Open source software (OSS) is a core part of virtually all software   applications today. Due to the rapidly growing impact of OSS on society   and the economy, the security aspect has attracted researchers'   attention to investigate this distinctive phenomenon. Traditionally,   research on OSS security has often focused on technical aspects of   software development. We argue that these aspects are important,   however, technical security practice considering different social   aspects of OSS development will assure the effectiveness and efficiency   of the implementation of the tool. To mitigate this research gap, in   this empirical study, we explore the current security culture in the OSS   development phenomenon using a survey instrument with six evaluation   dimensions: attitude, behavior, competency, subjective norms,   governance, and communication. By exploring the current security culture   in OSS communities, we can start to understand the influence of security   on participants' security behaviors and decision-making, so that we can   make realistic and practical suggestions. In this paper, we present the   measurements of security culture adopted in the study and discuss   corresponding security issues that need to be addressed in OSS   communities.",10.1145/3341161.3343520
1996,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of User Support Tools in Open Source Software,"End users' positive response is essential for the success of any   software. This is true for both commercial and Open Source Software   (OSS). OSS is popular not only because of its availability, which is   usually free but due to the user support it provides, generally through   public platforms. The study model of this research establishes a   relationship between OSS user support and available support tools. To   conduct this research, we used a dataset of 100 OSS projects in   different categories and examined five user support tools provided by   different OSS projects. The results show that project trackers, user   mailing lists, and updated versions have a significant role in gaining   user support. However, we were unable to find a significant association   between user support and documentation, as well as between user support   and the troubleshooting guidelines provided by OSS projects.",NA
1997,InProceedings,An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Open Source Software   Success and Test Effort,"Open source software is gaining popularity and significance in recent   years. Similarly, testability is a residual software property which the   developers and users no longer ignore. This is because if the   testability of software is high, the test effort and development cost   decrease proportionally. This is the case because test effort is highly   affected by testability. In this paper, we investigate the relationship   between test effort and success of the open source software by employing   source codes and easily accessible parameters from the repository.   Moreover, the proposed methods are empirically examined by analyzing 17   open source software projects. According to the empirical results, a   meaningful positive correlation is obtained between test effort and   success. This implies the importance of preparing test scenarios and   codes to obtain successful open source software project.",10.1109/ubmk.2019.8907012
1998,InProceedings,An Open Source Software Architecture for Smart Buildings,"Open-source software has helped opening the software market to different   players, usually cut off by licenses of expensive software packages. We   claim that in the Built Environment a similar open source disruption can   happen by putting together different projects in a software architecture   based on open data standards. This paper describes the main open-source   components of such software architecture, the Smart Building Controller   (SBC) that we are developing, and possible future applications.",10.1007/978-3-030-01057-7\\_14
1999,Article,An open-source software analysis package for Microspheres with   Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding (MRBLEs),"Multiplexed bioassays, in which multiple analytes of interest are probed   in parallel within a single small volume, have greatly accelerated the   pace of biological discovery. Bead-based multiplexed bioassays have many   technical advantages, including near solution-phase kinetics, small   sample volume requirements, many within-assay replicates to reduce   measurement error, and, for some bead materials, the ability to   synthesize analytes directly on beads via solid-phase synthesis. To   allow bead-based multiplexing, analytes can be synthesized on spectrally   encoded beads with a 1:1 linkage between analyte identity and embedded   codes. Bead-bound analyte libraries can then be pooled and incubated   with a fluorescently-labeled macromolecule of interest, allowing   downstream quantification of interactions between the macromolecule and   all analytes simultaneously via imaging alone. Extracting quantitative   binding data from these images poses several computational image   processing challenges, requiring the ability to identify all beads in   each image, quantify bound fluorescent material associated with each   bead, and determine their embedded spectral code to reveal analyte   identities. Here, we present a novel open-source Python software package   (the mrbles analysis package) that provides the necessary tools to: (1)   find encoded beads in a bright-field microscopy image; (2) quantify   bound fluorescent material associated with bead perimeters; (3) identify   embedded ratiometric spectral codes within beads; and (4) return data   aggregated by embedded code and for each individual bead. We demonstrate   the utility of this package by applying it towards analyzing data   generated via multiplexed measurement of calcineurin protein binding to   MRBLEs (Microspheres with Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding)   containing known and mutant binding peptide motifs. We anticipate that   this flexible package should be applicable to a wide variety of assays,   including simple bead or droplet finding analysis, quantification of   binding to non-encoded beads, and analysis of multiplexed assays that   use ratiometric, spectrally encoded beads.",10.1371/journal.pone.0203725
2000,InProceedings,Analysis of cross-sections of PCM samples with embedded FOSS,"In this work, experimental studies of the internal structure of woven   fabric reinforced fiberglass and carbon fiber composite samples with   embedded optical fiber were carried out. It is known that for the   unidirectional composites the most significant distortion of the   structure of the host material takes place when the optical fiber is   embedded perpendicular to the direction of the reinforcement of the   composite material layers. However, the internal structure of the   composites with woven layer reinforcement scheme is significantly   different. And the embedding of such a foreign object as an optical   fiber can cause a basically other, as compared to unidirectional   composites, change in the internal structure. Cross-sectional studies   were performed using an optical microscope. The analysis of   cross-sections of PCM samples was carried out with the aim of studying   the changes in the structure of the layered composite with woven fabric   reinforcement due to the embedding of the fiber-optic sensors. A   comparison of the obtained images showed that the microstructure of the   studied samples is better seen on polished surfaces. In the absence of   polishing on a number of samples, the optical fiber is not visually   noticeable or poorly distinguishable. Analysis of the obtained images   showed that there is an insignificant distortion of the internal   structure of the material in the area with embedded optical fiber   without the formation of a resin pocket for all studied GFRP samples. At   the same time, when analyzing CFRP samples, the effect of embedding of   the optical fiber on the microstructure of the composite was not   observed. 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.147
1001,Article,Application of Pharmacometrics in Pharmacotherapy: Open-Source Software   for Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Management,"The population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters that are implemented in   therapeutic drug management (TDM) software were generally obtained from   a Western population and might not be adequate for PK prediction with a   Korean population. This study aimed to develop a population PK model for   vancomycin using Korean data to improve the quality of TDM for Korean   patients. A total of 220 patients (1020 observations) who received   vancomycin TDM services were included in the dataset. A population PK   analysis was performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling, and a   covariate evaluation was conducted. A two-compartment model with   first-order elimination best explained the vancomycin PK, with estimates   of 2.82 L/h, 31.8 L, 11.7 L/h, and 75.4 L for CL, V-1, Q, and V-2,   respectively. In the covariate analysis, weight correlated with the   volume of the peripheral compartment, and creatinine clearance,   hemodialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy treatments   contributed to the clearance of vancomycin. The results show the clear   need to optimize the PK parameters used for TDM in Korean patients.   Specifically, V-1 should be smaller for Korean patients, and renal   replacement therapies should be considered in TDM practice. This final   model was successfully applied in R shiny as open-source software for   Koreans.",10.3390/pharmaceutics11050224
1002,Article,Aristotle vs. Ringelmann: On superlinear production in open source   software,"Organizations exist because they provide additional production gains, in   comparison to horizontal ways of allocating resources, such as markets   (Coase, 1937), and the open source movement is deemed to be a new kind   of peer-production organization somehow in between hierarchically   organized firms and markets (Benkler, 2002). However, to strive as a new   kind of organization, open source must provide production gains, which   in turn should be measurable. The open source movement is particularly   interesting to study for this reason. Here, we confront and discuss two   contrasting views, which were reported in the literature recently. On   the one hand, Sornette et al. (2014) uncovered a superlinear production   mechanism, which quantifies Aristotle adage: ``the whole is more than   the sum of its parts{''}. On the other hand, Scholtes et al. (2016)   found opposite results, and referred to Maximilien Ringelmann, a French   agricultural engineer (1861-1931), who discovered the tendency for   individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as   the size of their group increases (Ringelmann, 1913). Since Ringelmann,   the topic of collective intelligence has interested numbers of   researchers in social sciences and social psychology (Woolley et al.,   2010), as well as practitioners in management aiming at improving the   performance of their team (Woolley et al., 2015). In most research and   practice case studies, the Ringelmann effect has been found to hold,   while, in contrast, the superlinear effect found by Sornette et al. is   novel and may challenge common wisdom (Sornette et al., 2014). Here, we   compare these two theories, weigh their strengths and weaknesses, and   discuss how they have been tested with empirical data. We find that they   may not contradict each other as much as was claimed by Scholtes et al.   (2016). (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.130
1003,InProceedings,Automating Patching of Vulnerable Open-Source Software Versions in   Application Binaries,"Mobile application developers rely heavily on opensource software (OSS)   to offload common functionalities such as the implementation of   protocols and media format playback. Over the past years, several   vulnerabilities have been found in popular open-source libraries like   OpenSSL and FFmpeg. Mobile applications that include such libraries   inherit these flaws, which make them vulnerable. Fortunately, the   open-source community is responsive and patches are made available   within days. However, mobile application developers are often left   unaware of these flaws. The App Security Improvement Program (ASIP) is a   commendable effort by Google to notify application developers of these   flaws, but recent work has shown that many developers do not act on this   information.   Our work addresses vulnerable mobile applications through automatic   binary patching from source patches provided by the OSS maintainers and   without involving the developers. We propose novel techniques to   overcome difficult challenges like patching feasibility analysis,   source-code-to-binary-code matching, and in-memory patching. Our   technique uses a novel variability-aware approach, which we implement as   OSSPATCHER. We evaluated OSSPATCHER with 39 OSS and a collection of   1,000 Android applications using their vulnerable versions. OSSPATCHER   generated 675 function-level patches that fixed the affected mobile   applications without breaking their binary code. Further, we evaluated   10 vulnerabilities in popular apps such as Chrome with public exploits,   which OSSPATCHER was able to mitigate and thwart their exploitation.",10.14722/ndss.2019.23126
1004,InProceedings,B2SFinder: Detecting Open-Source Software Reuse in COTS Software,"COTS software products are developed extensively on top of OSS projects,   resulting in OSS reuse vulnerabilities. To detect such vulnerabilities,   finding OSS reuses in COTS software has become imperative. While   scalable to tens of thousands of OSS projects, existing binary-to-source   matching approaches are severely imprecise in analyzing COTS software   products, since they support only a limited number of code features,   compute matching scores only approximately in measuring OSS reuses, and   neglect the code structures in OSS projects.   We introduce a novel binary-to-source matching approach, called   B2SFINDER1, to address these limitations. First of all, B2SFINDER can   reason about seven kinds of code features that are traceable in both   binary and source code. In order to compute matching scores precisely,   B2SFINDER employs a weighted feature matching algorithm that combines   three matching methods (for dealing with different code features) with   two importance-weighting methods (for computing the weight of an   instance of a code feature in a given COTS software application based on   its specificity and occurrence frequency). Finally, B2SFINDER identifies   different types of code reuses based on matching scores and code   structures of OSS projects. We have implemented B2SFINDER using an   optimized data structure. We have evaluated B2SFINDER using 21991   binaries from 1000 popular COTS software products and 2189 candidate OSS   projects. Our experimental results show that B2SFINDER is not only   precise but also scalable. Compared with the state of the art, B2SFINDER   has successfully found up to 2.15x as many reuse cases in 53.85 seconds   per binary file on average. We also discuss how B2SFINDER can be   leveraged in detecting OSS reuse vulnerabilities in practice.",10.1109/ASE.2019.00100
1006,InProceedings,Behavior Of a DC Electric Arc Vacuum Based Numerical Simulation used   Free Software,"In this paper show the behavior of a DC electric arc in a Vacuum Arc   Remelting (VAR) Furnace based on the results obtained from the numerical   simulation performed from the finite volume method (FVM) using free   software (Code Saturne). For the solution of the government equations   that describe the phenomenon, an AISI 1018 steel electrode has been   considered as a case study. Also an electric model in a software of   electromagnetic transients (PSCAD) is proposed to coupling the electric   and thermal characteristics in a process of remelting in this type of   furnaces.",10.1109/ropec48299.2019.9057061
1007,InProceedings,Bridging the Gap between Open Source Software and Vehicle Hardware for   Autonomous Driving,"Although many research vehicle platforms for autonomous driving have   been built in the past, hardware design, source code and lessons learned   have not been made available for the next generation of demonstrators.   This raises the efforts for the research community to contribute results   based on real-world evaluations as engineering knowledge of building and   maintaining a research vehicle is lost. In this paper, we deliver an   analysis of our approach to transferring an open source driving stack to   a research vehicle.   We put the hardware and software setup in context to other demonstrators   and explain the criteria that led to our chosen hardware and software   design. Specifically, we discuss the mapping of the Apollo driving stack   to the system layout of our research vehicle, fortuna, including   communication with the actuators by a controller running on a real-time   hardware platform and the integration of the sensor setup. With our   collection of the lessons learned, we encourage a faster setup of such   systems by other research groups in the future.",NA
1008,InProceedings,Bridging the Gap between Open Source Software and Vehicle Hardware for Autonomous Driving,"Although many research vehicle platforms for autonomous driving have been built in the past, hardware design, source code and lessons learned have not been made available for the next generation of demonstrators. This raises the efforts for the research community to contribute results based on real-world evaluations as engineering knowledge of building and maintaining a research vehicle is lost. In this paper, we deliver an analysis of our approach to transferring an open source driving stack to a research vehicle. We put the hardware and software setup in context to other demonstrators and explain the criteria that led to our chosen hardware and software design. Specifically, we discuss the mapping of the Apollo driving stack to the system layout of our research vehicle, fortuna, including communication with the actuators by a controller running on a real-time hardware platform and the integration of the sensor setup. With our collection of the lessons learned, we encourage a faster setup of such systems by other research groups in the future.",10.1109/IVS.2019.8813784
1009,InProceedings,CITIZEN SCIENCE FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING APPLYING FOSS,"Citizen science is an efficient tool for data collection for scientific   projects. In the framework of SIMILE Interreg Italy-Switzerland project,   the citizen's contribution to monitor the quality of lakes water has   been envisaged. In the initial phase of this research, state of art of   citizen science and water quality monitoring was investigated. The   analysis of past and current projects, governed by different   organizations and communities, pointed out a variety of tasks that can   be accomplished by citizens. In these studies, authors stressed   suitability of smartphones for the fulfilment of various assignments   given to citizens. Due to that, in this research, different smartphone   applications for water quality monitoring were tested and analyzed.   Despite the fact that many applications for water quality monitoring are   freely available, none of them is open source. Hence, this paper is   proposing the design of a new application, for the purposes of SIMILE   project, that will be free and open source, addressing not just users   but also developers giving them a possibility for customization and   improvement.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-119-2019
1010,InProceedings,Carrots and Rainbows: An Empirical Comparison of Motivations of Open   Source Software Contributors <i>Completed Research</i>,"Open source software (OSS) communities have been witnessing growing   commercial interests with increased corporate involvement in the recent   years with acquisitions of major OSS platforms such as Red Hat and   GitHub. Researchers have studied a wide variety of motivations behind   individuals' participation in OSS communities. In this study, we build   upon the framework, rooted in self-deterministic and social practice   theories, proposed by von Krogh et al. (2012) and develop a model of OSS   contribution likelihood. We empirically validate the model with a large   dataset from 2017 GitHub Open Source Survey that includes over 5,500   randomly selected OSS developers. Results indicate that short-term   and/or tangible motivations (carrots) and long-term, value-based factors   (rainbows) influence OSS developers' contribution likelihood. However,   carrots are relatively more important. Further, we find that as internal   self-efficacy increases, effect of OSS hiring behind contribution to OSS   decreases. Our research contributes to theory and practice.",NA
1011,InProceedings,Challenges Faced by Students in an Open Source Software Undergraduate Course,"The Open Source Software (OSS) development is gaining popularity from year to year, however, entering the OSS community still remains a challenging task. In this work, we describe challenges faced by a beginner OSS code-developer during the first contribution. Additionally, we analyze our experience and offer hints for potential newcomers. Whole work was done as the project of the Open Source Software undergraduate course at the Computer Department of Nazarbayev University.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8_14
1012,Article,"Comparative Characterization of Bacterial Communities in floss-Covered   and Unvegetated Volcanic Deposits of Mount Merapi, Indonesia","Microbial colonization, followed by succession, on newly exposed   volcanic substrates represents the beginning of the development of an   early ecosystem. During early succession colonization by mosses or   plants significantly alters the pioneer microbial community composition   through the photosynthetic carbon input. To provide further insights   into this process, we investigated the three-year-old volcanic deposits   of Mount Merapi, Indonesia. Samples were collected from unvegetated   (BRD) and moss-covered (BRUD) sites. Forest site soil (FRS) near the   volcanic deposit-covered area was also collected for reference. An   analysis of BRD and BRUD revealed high culturable cell densities   (1.7-8.5 x10(5)CFU g(-1)) despite their low total C (<0.01\\%). FRS   possessed high CFU (3 x10(6) g(-1)); however, its relative value per   unit of total C (2.6\\%) was lower than that of the deposit samples.   Based on the tag pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the BRD bacterial   community was characterized by a higher number of betaproteobacterial   families (or genus), represented by chemolithotrophic Methylophilaceae,   Leptothrix, and Sulfuricellaceae. In contrast, BRUD was predominated by   different betaproteobacterial families, such as Oxalobacteraceae,   Comamonadaceae, and Rhodocyclaceae. Some bacterial (Oxalobacteraceae)   sequences were phylogenetically related to those of known   moss-associated bacteria. Within the FRS community, Proteobacteria was   the most abundant phylum, followed by Acidobacteria, whereas   Burkholderiaceae was the most dominant bacterial family within FRS.   These results suggest that an inter-family succession of   Betaproteobacteria occurred in response to colonization by mosses,   followed by plants.",10.1264/jsme2.ME19041
1014,InProceedings,Computation of Various Entropy Measures for Anticipating Bugs in   Open-Source Software,"Bugs could be introduced at any phase of software development process.   Bugs are recorded in repositories, which occur due to frequent changes   in source code of software to meet the requirements of organizations or   users. Open-source software is frequently updated and source codes are   changed continuously due to which source code becomes complicated and   hence bugs appear frequently. Bug repair process includes addition of   new feature, enhancement of existing feature, some faults or other   maintenance task. Entropy measures the uncertainty, thus helpful in   studying code change process. In this paper, bugs reported in various   subcomponents of Bugzilla open-source software are considered; changes   are quantified in terms of entropies using Renyi, Havrda-Charvat, and   Arimoto entropy measures of each component for all changes in   components. A linear regression model using SPSS is applied to detect   the expected bugs in the Bugzilla subcomponents. Performance has been   measured using goodness-of-fit curve and other R-square residuals.",10.1007/978-981-10-8848-3\\_23
1015,InProceedings,Contributors' Impact on a FOSS Project's Quality,"Engaging contributors in a Free Open Source Software (FOSS) project can   be challenging. Finding an appropriate task to start with is a common   entrance barrier for newcomers. Poor code quality contributes to   difficulties in the onboarding process and limits contributor   satisfaction in general. In turn, dissatisfied developers tend to   exacerbate problems with system integrity. Poorly designed systems are   difficult to maintain and extend. Users can often directly experience   these issues as instabilities in system behavior. Thus code quality is a   key issue for users and contributors in FOSS. We present a case study on   the interactions between code quality and contributor experience in the   real-world FOSS project Catrobat. We describe the implications of a   refactoring process in terms of code metrics and benefits for developers   and users.",10.1145/3340495.3342754
1017,InProceedings,Coordination in OSS 2.0: ANT Approach,"Open source software projects are increasingly driven by a combination   of independent and professional developers, the former volunteers and   the later hired by a company to contribute to the project to support   commercial product development. This mix of developers has been referred   to as OSS 2.0. However, we do not fully understand the multi-layered   coordination spanning individuals, teams, and organizations. Using   Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we describe how coordination and power   dynamics unfold among developers and how different tools and artifacts   both display activities and mediate coordination efforts. Internal   communication within an organization was reported to cause broken links   in the community, duplication of work, and political tensions. ANT shows   how tools and code can exercise agency and alter a software development   process as an equivalently active actor of the scene. We discuss the   theoretical and practical implications of the changing nature of open   source software development.",NA
1018,Article,Critical {Barriers} to {Business} {Intelligence} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Adoption},"Over the past few years, managers have been hard pressed to become more data-driven, and one of the prerequisites in doing so is through the adoption of Business Intelligence (BI) tools. However (1) the adoption of BI tools remains relatively low (2) the acquisition costs of proprietary BI tools are relatively high and (3) the level of satisfaction with these BI tools remain low. Given the potential of open source BI (OSBI) tools, there is a need for analyzing barriers that prevent organizations from adopting OSBI. Drawing a systematic review and a Qualitative Survey of BI Experts, this study proposes a framework that categorizes and structures 23 barriers to OSBI adoption by organizations including 4 that were identified by BI Experts but not explicitly found in the literature. This paper contributes to OSS and Information Systems (IS) research literature on BI adoption in general and provides specific insights to practitioners.",10.4018/IJBIR.2019010104
1019,Article,DEVELOPER CENTRALITY AND THE IMPACT OF VALUE CONGRUENCE AND INCONGRUENCE   ON COMMITMENT AND CODE CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITY IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE   COMMUNITIES,"Open source software (OSS) communities are dependent on the code   contributions of developers who, in many cases, never meet face-to-face   and collaborate primarily through technology-enabled means. With their   fluid membership, such communities often rely on engaging the commitment   of developers to their cause. Given the changing nature of OSS   communities, developers face barriers in appreciating appropriate ways   of contributing to the collaborative effort. Such uncertainty about how   to contribute results in OSS communities losing developers as they   devote their attention to other, more welcoming, communities. In this   research, we draw upon uncertainty reduction theory to argue that   developers have two alternative avenues at their disposal to gain   certainty about how to contribute: passive and interactive. Leveraging   the person-environment fit perspective, we argue that congruence and   incongruence in the OSS values of a developer and an OSS community serve   as an avenue for passive approaches to gaining certainty, to the degree   that appropriate ways of contributing are encoded in these values.   Further, leveraging social network theory, we argue that centrality   within a community's communication network constitutes an avenue for   interactive approaches for gaining certainty about how to contribute.   Using polynomial regression analysis, we analyze survey and archival   data from 410 developers in an OSS community. Results suggest that   developer centrality moderates the impact of congruence and incongruence   in OSS values on commitment. Moreover, commitment fully mediates the   impact of OSS value congruence and incongruence on developer   contribution activity. We discuss the implications of our findings for   research and practice.",10.25300/MISQ/2019/13928
1020,InProceedings,Decisions and Their Making in OSS Development: An Exploratory Study   Using the Hibernate Developer Mailing List,"Stakeholders make various decisions regarding requirements,   architectural design, project management, etc. during the life cycle of   software development. They have an interest in making high-quality and   appropriate decisions that meet project objectives and maximize system   benefits. However, decision-making in software development is not a   trivial task and the decisions made are often not well documented. In   this paper, we analyzed 9006 posts from the Hibernate developer mailing   list, in order to explore (1) decision expression and (2)   classification, (3) the rationale behind decision-making, (4) approaches   employed in decision-making, (5) related software artifacts of   decision-making, and ( 6) the trend of decision-making over time. The   results show that (1) all decisions are expressed as Information Giving,   Solution Proposal, and Feature Request; (2) the main categories of   decisions are Design Decision and Requirement Decision; (3) the most   common rationale behind decision-making is Non-functional Requirement;   (4) the most commonly used decision-making approach is Problem   Structuring; (5) the main categories of software artifacts related to   decision-making are Design Document and Requirement Document; and (6)   decision-making runs through the whole software development life cycle.",10.1109/APSEC48747.2019.00051
1021,Article,Dental floss use among elementary school children and environmental   factors; a cross-sectional study,"Background: The onset of carious lesions and periodontal disease   originates in plaque formed from dental bacteria. Appropriate plaque   control is therefore important. Dental floss is one instrument used to   control plaque. The influence of guardians is an important factor in   whether children use dental floss regularly. However, the use of dental   floss among school-age children and the relationship between use and   family background has yet to be examined.   Aim: In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to examine rates   of dental floss use and other related factors among elementary school   children and their guardians.   Methods: Surveys were sent to 298 guardians of children in grades 1-6 at   an elementary school in Japan and 283 valid responses were received.   Statistical analyses were carried out, with child's use of dental floss   as a dependent variable and grade, sex, guardian assistance with child's   tooth brushing, frequency of child's dental check-ups, and guardian's   use of dental floss as independent variables.   Results: The results revealed that 18.4\\% of children used dental floss   compared with 52.7\\% of guardians, suggesting that the rate of usage   among children is much lower than that among guardians. Logistic   regression analysis further revealed that guardian's use of dental floss   was significantly related to dental floss use among children.   Conclusion: The guardian's use of dental floss was associated with   dental floss use among their children in this group of Japanese   elementary school. (C) 2019 Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry.   Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.pdj.2019.04.003
1022,InProceedings,Design of a Gateway for Open Source Software Development in a Traditional CS Curriculum,"Many computer science students are eager to learn about how to contribute to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects, but like most computer science departments, ours has no courses to help them achieve that goal. Creating such courses requires buy-in by deans, department chairs, and other faculty, who, because of lack of knowledge, can have little interest in supporting such efforts. Our poster shows how we solved this problem and created a means for students to simultaneously learn how to be contributors to FOSS projects and earn credit toward their major. It shows how we sought and found interested students and engaged them through repeated, informal meetings, which we used to gain the support of the chair and dean, and how we simulated a prototype course by having the students sign up for independent study credit. The group then met at regular intervals, communicated and shared work using discussion forums, source code repositories, and IRC chat. All course content is based on open source materials, including free textbooks, an abundance of on-line tutorials and reference materials, lecture notes and assignments that we wrote, with open source licenses, and other materials borrowed from http://foss2serve.org. The success of this simulated course led to the creation of a pilot course for the Spring 2019 semester, endorsed by the college. The poster presents several assignments, discusses preliminary findings, and provides links to materials that we created for this course. It also shows how we encouraged students to work on humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) projects.",10.1145/3287324.3293847
1024,InProceedings,"Development and Design of a Unified Remote Video Surveillance System for   Homes, using Free Software Tools","In this article we present the design and implementation of a prototype   for video surveillance that allows to manage IP cameras from different   manufacturers through a single application implemented with free   software tools and free hardware. Several currently existing   applications work with proprietary applications and IP cameras from the   same manufacturer, however, in this article we demonstrate that   management is more efficient through our unique system that allows   generating remote alerts through SMS messages and notifications by   electronic mail after the activation of a sensor. Our article describes   the existing problems in residential security systems, applied to the   case of the City of Cuenca-Ecuador, as well as the technical development   of the system in relation to server configuration, client equipment and   an Android application developed in IONIC Framework. Finally, we   describe the results of the different connectivity tests of the system   generating events through the internet cloud, to determine performance   and connectivity times in a real operating environment.",10.1145/3387168.3387194
1025,InProceedings,Diversity and Inclusion in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects: Where Do   We Stand?,"Background: As the area of computing has thrived over the years, the   participation of women in computing declined. Currently women represent   less than 24\\% of the computing workforce and that number is declining.   On the other hand, the ratios of women in Open Source Software (OSS)   projects are even lower.   Aims: The primary objective of this study is to determine the level of   gender diversity among popular OSS projects and identify the presence of   gender biases that may discourage females' participation.   Method: On this goal, we mined the code review repositories of ten   popular OSS projects. We used a semi-automated approach followed by a   manual validation to identify the genders of the active contributors.   Results: Our results suggest that lack of gender diversity remains an   ongoing issue among all the ten projects as each of the projects had   less than 10\\% female developers. However, many of the projects also   suffer from lack of inclusion of females to leadership positions.   Although none of the projects suggest significant differences between   male and female developers in terms of productivity based on three   different measures, data from three out of the ten projects indicate   technical biases against female developers with lower code acceptance   rates as well as delayed feedback during code reviews. However, biases   against females are not universal as majority of the projects do not   discriminate against females. The two projects with the least ratios of   female contributors as core developers showed the most biases against   females.   Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that promoting and   mentoring females to leadership positions may be an effective solution   to foster gender diversity.",NA
1026,Article,Do Software Firms Collaborate or Compete? A Model of Coopetition in   Community-initiated OSS Projects,"Background: An increasing number of commercial firms are participating   in Open Source Software (OSS) projects to reduce their development cost   and increase technical innovativeness. When collaborating with other   firms whose sought values are conflicts of interests, firms may behave   uncooperatively leading to harmful impacts on the common goal.   Aim: This study explores how software firms both collaborate and compete   in OSS projects.   Method: We adopted a mixed research method on three OSS projects.   Result: We found that commercial firms participating in   community-initiated OSS projects collaborate in various ways across the   organizational boundaries. While most of firms contribute little, a   small number of firms that are very active and account for large   proportions of contributions. We proposed a conceptual model to explain   for coopetition among software firms in OSS projects. The model shows   two aspects of coopetition can be managed at the same time based on firm   gatekeepers.   Conclusion: Firms need to operationalize their coopetition strategies to   maximize value gained from participating in OSS projects.",10.5277/e-Inf190102
1027,Article,Does Superposition Influence the Success of FLOSS Projects? An   Examination of Open-Source Software Development by Organizations and   Individuals,"Collaboration through open superposition describes the dominant work   orchestration mechanism observed in free (Libre) and open-source (FLOSS)   software, wherein the software development occurs by the sequential   layering of individual tasks. This work orchestration mechanism is   different from the traditional idea of software development, where the   focus is toward cowork and concurrent development facilitated by a   modular software design architecture. Our study theorizes and examines   the motivational mechanisms that operate within superposed work   structures to influence the success of FLOSS projects. We also unearth   the contextual conditions that may limit the influence of the superposed   nature of work on FLOSS project success. Furthermore, given the   increasing use of FLOSS by organizations, we investigate the   specificities brought to these motivational mechanisms when FLOSS   projects are owned by organizations. The results from our analysis of   over 6,500 FLOSS projects hosted on GitHub support a nonlinear   relationship between the degree of superposition and the success of the   FLOSS project. Moreover, we find that the type of ownership moderates   this nonlinear relationship such that (1) organizational ownership   mitigates the influence of the degree of superposition on the success of   the project and that (2) under organizational ownership, the optimal   degree of superposition (the point at which the success of the project   is at a maximum) is lower than for individual-owned projects. This   research advances our understanding of work structures, motivation, and   organizational participation in FLOSS environments by describing the   influence of task structures on the success of projects. The study also   provides FLOSS practitioners with valuable insights for modeling project   task structures to facilitate their success.",10.1287/isre.2018.0829
1031,Article,EBIC: an open source software for high-dimensional and big data analyses,"Motivation: In this paper, we present an open source package with the   latest release of Evolutionary-based BIClustering (EBIC), a   next-generation biclustering algorithm for mining genetic data. The   major contribution of this paper is adding a full support for multiple   graphics processing units (GPUs) support, which makes it possible to run   efficiently large genomic data mining analyses. Multiple enhancements to   the first release of the algorithm include integration with R and   Bioconductor, and an option to exclude missing values from the analysis.   Results: Evolutionary-based BIClustering was applied to datasets of   different sizes, including a large DNA methylation dataset with 436 444   rows. For the largest dataset we observed over 6.6-fold speedup in   computation time on a cluster of eight GPUs compared to running the   method on a single GPU. This proves high scalability of the method.",10.1093/bioinformatics/btz027
1032,InProceedings,EJ: A Free Software Platform for Social Participation,"As the Internet grows on importance as a forum for political activity,   it is necessary to occupy it with proper tools for democratic   discussion, dialogue and deliberation. Currently, a substantial part of   political debate is conducted on social media inside proprietary   networks. Those solutions are flagrantly inadequate to build consensus   seeking understandings and to mediate the interaction between the   government and the citizenry. This work present EJ, a platform for   crowd-sourced social participation which uses machine learning based   intelligence and gamification techniques to increase engagement and   counteract the formation of opinion bubbles and the ``echo chamber{''}   effect of social networks.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_3
1033,Article,"Ecohydrological consequences of tree removal in an urban park evaluated   using open data, free software and a minimalist measuring campaign","With ongoing global climate change and an increasingly urbanized   population, the importance of city parks and other forms of urban   vegetation increases. Trees in urban parks can play an important role in   mitigating runoff and delivering other ecosystem services. Park   managers, E-NGOs, citizen scientists and others are increasingly called   upon to evaluate the possible consequences of changes in park management   such as, e.g., tree removal. Here, we present an unorthodox approach to   hydrological modelling and its potential use in local policy making   regarding urban greenery. The approach consists of a minimalist field   campaign to characterize vegetation and soil moisture status combined   with a novel model calibration using freely available data and software.   During modelling, we were able to obtain coefficients of determination   (R-2) of 0.66 and 0.73 for probe-measured and simulated soil moisture   under tree stand and park lawn land covers respectively. The results   demonstrated that tree cover had a significant positive effect on the   hydrological regime of the locality through interception, transpiration   and effects on soil moisture. Simulations suggested that tree cover was   twice as effective at mitigating runoff than park lawn and almost seven   times better than impervious surfaces. In the case of a potential   replacement of tree vegetation in favour of park lawn or impervious   surfaces an increase in runoff of 14\\% and 81\\% respectively could be   expected. The main conclusion drawn from our study was that such an   approach can be a very useful tool for supporting local decision-making   processes as it offers a freely available, cheap and relatively   easy-to-use way to describe the hydrological consequences of landcover   change (e.g., tree removal) with sufficient accuracy. (C) 2018 The   Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.277
1034,Article,Effect of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the use of dental   floss among children: a hierarchical approach,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of environmental   and socioeconomic characteristics with the use of dental floss in   preschool children. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a   sample of 402 preschool children aged 1-5 years, from Santa Cruz do Sul,   a Southern city in Brazil. Mothers answered questions about   environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Behavior   variables as use of dental floss (study outcome) and dental attendance   were also evaluated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance   through a hierarchical approach was used to investigate the association   of explanatory variables for use of dental floss. Prevalence ratio (PR)   and 95\\% confidence intervals (95\\%CI) were estimated. The mean sample   age was 3.32 years (standard deviation {[}SD] 1.10). Of the included   children, 291 (73.12\\%) did not use dental floss. The environmental   model indicated that children who attended daycare (PR 2.53; 95\\%CI   1.39-4.60) and those whose parents were members of volunteer networks   (RP 1.58; 95\\%CI 1.02-2.46) were more likely to use dental floss.   Children from families with higher income (PR 1.55; 95\\%CI 1.07-2.24)   and maternal schooling (PR 2.21; 95\\%CI 1.31-3.74) presented a higher   prevalence of dental floss use. Older children and those who attended   dental services were also related to higher dental floss use. Our   findings suggest that children who live in a supporting environment and   those with a higher socioeconomic status are more likely to use dental   floss.",10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0096
1035,Article,ElectroMap: High-throughput open-source software for analysis and   mapping of cardiac electrophysiology,"The ability to record and analyse electrical behaviour across the heart   using optical and electrode mapping has revolutionised cardiac research.   However, wider uptake of these technologies is constrained by the lack   of multi-functional and robustly characterised analysis and mapping   software. We present ElectroMap, an adaptable, high-throughput,   open-source software for processing, analysis and mapping of complex   electrophysiology datasets from diverse experimental models and   acquisition modalities. Key innovation is development of standalone   module for quantification of conduction velocity, employing multiple   methodologies, currently not widely available to researchers. ElectroMap   has also been designed to support multiple methodologies for accurate   calculation of activation, repolarisation, arrhythmia detection, calcium   handling and beat-to-beat heterogeneity. ElectroMap implements automated   signal segmentation, ensemble averaging and integrates optogenetic   approaches. Here we employ ElectroMap for analysis, mapping and   detection of proarrhythmic phenomena in silico, in cellulo, animal model   and in vivo patient datasets. We anticipate that ElectroMap will   accelerate innovative cardiac research and enhance the uptake,   application and interpretation of mapping technologies leading to novel   approaches for arrhythmia prevention.",10.1038/s41598-018-38263-2
1036,InProceedings,Empirical Characterization of Man-Made Impulsive Noise Using Open-Source   Software Defined Radio Platforms,"With the widespread use of wireless systems in the modern society, every   household, office, and even automobiles, now contain radio-frequency   (RF) sources capable of producing interference. Unlike thermal noise,   whose statistics can usually be assumed stationary and Gaussian,   man-made noise includes impulsive components that depend on the   environment and is described by non-Gaussian statistical models that are   in general non-stationary. This paper presents the use of affordable   software-defined radio (SDR) platforms for measuring and characterizing   impulsive noise for various locations using a Middleton Class A   impulsive noise model.",10.1109/isscs.2019.8801734
1037,Article,Empirical Study on Improvements to Software Engineering Competences   Using FLOSS,"Free/libre open source software (FLOSS) are being rapidly employed in   several companies and organizations, because it can be modified and used   for free. Hence, the use of FLOSS could contribute to its originally   intended benefits and to the competence of its users. In this study, we   analyzed the effect of using FLOSS on related competences. We   investigated the change in the competences through an empirical study   before and after the use of FLOSS among project participants.   Consequently, it was confirmed that the competences of the participants   improved after utilizing FLOSS.",10.1587/transinf.2019MPL0001
1038,InProceedings,Enabling heterogeneous recommendations in OSS development: what's done   and what's next in CROSSMINER,"Open source software (OSS) forges contain rich data sources that are   useful for supporting development activities. Research has been done to   promote techniques and tools for providing open source developers with   innovative features aiming at obtaining improvements in terms of   development effort, cost savings, and developer productivity, just to   mention a few. In the context of the EU H2020 CROSSMINER project we are   conceiving a set of recommendations to assist software programmers in   different phases of the development process. To this end, we defined a   graph-based representation to encode in a homogeneous manner different   aspects of OSS ecosystems as well as to incorporate various well-founded   recommendation techniques. Following the proposed paradigm, we have   implemented recommender systems for providing various artifacts, such as   third-party libraries and API usage. The preliminary results we achieved   so far are promising: our proposed systems are able to suggest highly   relevant items with respect to the current development context. In this   paper, we describe what has been achieved so far as well as our planned   medium and longer-term objectives. As a proof of concept, we present a   use case where we built a context-aware recommender system to recommend   API function calls and usage patterns.",10.1145/3319008.3319353
1040,Article,Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Submucosal Masses by a Dental Floss   Traction Method,"Background and Aims. ESE (endoscopic submucosal excavation) is widely   used for the treatment of digestive diseases. The dental floss traction   (DFT) method has been successfully used to facilitate ESE to resect   mucosal lesions such as early gastric cancer. DFT has not been used in   ESE to remove submucosal masses. This study aimed to examine the   efficacy of DFT-assisted ESE (DFT- ESE) for the removal of submucous   masses. Methods. From March 2017 to May 2017, a total of 12 patients   with gastric submucosal masses at the First Affiliated Hospital of   Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China, were enrolled. The tumor   characteristics, en bloc resection rates, complications, and outcomes on   follow-up were evaluated for all patients. Results. The 12 submucosal   tumors were completely removed by DFT- ESE. Nine were gastrointestinal   stromal tumors. Two were Schwannoma, located in the greater curvature of   the gastric corpus. One was gastric ectopic pancreas. All the resected   tumors were removed completely with intact tumor capsules. There was no   more bleeding or perforation after the endoscopic closure of the   perforation or the wound after the DFT-ESE, and no recurrences were   identified at the time of follow-up. Conclusions. The DFT method   efficiently and safely facilitated the ESE procedure during the   resection of gastric submucosal tumors. This study was registered with   Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under Registration number   ChiCTR-OOC-15005833).",10.1155/2019/1083053
1041,InProceedings,Engaging Students in Open Source: Establishing FOSS Development at a   University,"Open source is widely used for educational purposes in higher education   around the world. While many educators use open source resources for   teaching, there seems to be few contributions to such projects of   students as part of their university courses. In this work we present   our experience on establishing open source development from student   contributors as part of their university curriculum. Since 2010 more   than 300 students from Graz University of Technology have been involved   in the presented Catrobat project and have gained knowledge about agile   software development as well as several related domains, e.g., project   management, marketing, or graphical design. In this paper we provide   detailed insights into the project's organization and evaluate in a   study how students feel in this setting. As we conclude, bringing open   source to university courses is an effective practical approach based on   social learning and provides benefits for students and researchers.",NA
1042,Article,Enhancing C/C plus plus based OSS development and discoverability with   CBRJS: A Rust/Nodejs/WebAssembly framework for repackaging legacy   codebases,"Since the appearance of the C programming language and later C++, a   plethora of libraries have been developed in both languages.   Unfortunately, discovering such Open Source Software (OSS) components   efficiently is not always an easy task. Nonetheless, recent advancements   in OSS technologies present an opportunity to improve the status quo. In   this paper, we introduce a prototype framework, which utilizes the Rust   and JavaScript programming languages, as well as their respective   ecosystems, alongside the WebAssembly state-of-the-art Web standard, for   achieving boosted exposure for hard-to-find C/C++ OSS components, by   taking advantage of their package discovery and delivery channels. By   demonstrating how this system works, we show that this methodology is   capable of increasing the exposure of such libraries, and providing a   modernized stage for further development and maintenance. Provided   metrics exhibit a more than twofold increase in downloads for a   re-packaged library, superior discoverability compared to standard   public OSS code repositories, as well as evidence that Web browser   vendors invest heavily in optimizing the underlying runtime. (C) 2019   Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2019.110395
1043,InProceedings,Evolutionary Analysis of Developer Collaboration Network in Cloud   Foundry OSS Community,"The collaborative pattern of developers in OSS (Open Source Software)   communities is a research-hotspot in the academic circle. However, the   existing researches mainly concern the static features of the   communication network of community members, and few studies involve the   structural evolution of developer collaboration network in OSS   communities. This paper constructs the developer collaboration network   of the Cloud Foundry OSS community by coding-collaboration   relationships, and then analyses the structure and evolution of the   constructed network. The results show that a modular pattern centering   on a few developers gradually emerges in the developer collaboration   network after an evolutionary process of three stages. Core developers   have completed a large proportion of the development work and played a   coordinating role in development activities, while the periphery   developers submit code to specific sub-projects according to their   technical background, which complements the core developers' work.   Furthermore, the modules of the developer collaboration network are   intrinsically related to the sub-projects and continuously contribute   code for the corresponding subprojects during the evolutionary process.   These results may deepen our understandings of the collaborative pattern   of OSS communities, and also have some reference value for the studies   of open collaborative innovation in large scale crowds.",10.1007/978-981-15-1209-4\\_7
1044,Article,Experimental Study on Biochemical Markers of Mandibular Bone Tissue   Metabolism in Rats following the Implantation of PAW-1 and Geistlich   Bio-OSS Collagen,"The study is based on the analysis of experimental results and   determination of the bone metabolism markers by histochemical and   biochemical methods performed on animals. The animals were implanted   biovitroceramics PAW-1 in the mandible in the form of spongy matrix   composed of fluorhydroxyapatite and microcrystallized wollastonite in a   glass matrix, elaborated by the company PONETI (Romania) and Geistlich   Bio-Oss-Collagen in the form of block (a mixture of granules, 0.25-1mm   in size) and 10\\% fibers of porcine collagen. Geistlich Bio-Oss Collagen   is a natural mineral bone of bovine origin, comparable both chemically   and structurally to the mineralized human bone. It has a spongy   consistency that allows simple modeling, and collagen facilitates the   adaptation of the material on the defect site. The biochemical blood   analysis showed an increased activity of bone thermolabile alkaline   phosphatase over 30 days, the maximum being reached over 60 days + 20\\%   (p< 0.05) from the beginning of the experiment. The activity of   tartrate-resistant bone acid phosphatase, on the contrary, decreased   veridically by 22\\% over 60 days after implantation. Over 30 days after   the beginning of the experiment under the action of the implanted   material, the level of average molecules (AM) increased by 35\\% (p <   0.05), while nucleotide substances (NS) increased by 51\\% (p < 0.05).   Within 60 days after implantation, the values of these indices showed a   decreasing tendency. The fact mentioned above denotes that their   osteoregenerative action increases under the influence of implanted   materials.",NA
1045,Article,Exploring and Expanding GSE Education with Open Source Software   Development,"Global software engineering (GSE) courses traditionally require   cooperation between at least two universities so as to provide a   distributed development environment to the students. In this study, we   explore an alternative way to organize a global software engineering   course where students work on open source software development (OSSD)   projects rather than in a multi-university collaboration setting. The   results show that the new setup may provide core GSE challenges as well   as challenges associated with software development outsourcing and   challenges related to working on large open source software. The present   article compares the experiences gained from running a combined GSE and   OSSD course against the experiences gained from running a traditional   GSE course. The two alternatives are compared in terms of students'   learning outcomes and course organization. The authors found that a   combined GSE and OSSD course provides learning opportunities that are   partly overlapping with, and partly complementary to, a traditional GSE   course. The authors also found that the combined OSSD and GSE course was   somewhat easier to organize because most of the activities took place in   a single university setting. The authors used the extended GSE taxonomy   for the comparison and found it to be a useful tool for this, although   it had some limitations in expressive power. Therefore, two additional   relationship dimensions are proposed that will further enrich the   extended taxonomy in classifying GSE (and OSSD) projects.",10.1145/3230012
1047,InProceedings,Exploring the Opportunities and Challenges of Open Source Software and   Its Economic Impact on the Cybersecurity Market,"Organizations today face IT security challenges on many fronts. These   include controlling user access to systems, resources, and data security   issues that encompass secure storage, secure transmission, data   authenticity and data integrity. These requirements are met by   establishing the right policies, controls, and mechanisms that are put   in place to effectively protect sensitive data. Therefore, this research   aims to see if open source software has the potential to influence the   cybersecurity market that is currently dominated by proprietary   software. However, in order to accomplish such a task, certain   conditions must be met. Such as understanding of the history behind open   source software, the positive and negative influences it carries when   dealing with this type of software. As well as compare and contrast   current proprietary solutions with open source solutions, in order to   grasp the potential economic impact of open source software leading   onwards into the future. The ideal findings would be to outline the   factors that are holding back open source software, and whether these   factors are adjustable or correctable over time. Another aim is to   highlight the potential financial benefit that comes from switching to   or prioritizing OSS security solutions. As well as come up with any   recommendations that would help aid businesses and organizations when it   comes to obtaining suitable OSS security solutions.",10.1007/978-3-030-01659-3\\_16
1048,InProceedings,FINE SPATIAL SCALE MODELLING OF TRENTINO PAST FOREST LANDSCAPE   (TRENTINOLAND): A CASE STUDY OF FOSS APPLICATION,"Trentino is an Italian alpine region (about 6200 Km(2)) with a forest   coverage exceeding 60\\% of its whole surface. In the past, forest   landscape has changed dramatically, especially in periods of forest   over-exploitation. Previous studies in some Trentino sub-regions (Val di   Fassa, Paneveggio) have identified these changes and the current trend   of forest growth at the expenses of open areas, such as pastures and   grasslands, due to the abandonment of rural areas. This phenomenon leads   to the rapid Alpine landscape change and profoundly affects the   ecological features of mountain ecosystems. To be able to monitor and to   take future actions about this trend it is fundamental to know in detail   the historical situation of the progressive changes on the land use that   occurred over Trentino.   The work aims to comprehensively reconstruct the forest cover of whole   Trentino at high resolution (5m x 5m pixels) using a series of maps   spanning a long period, consisting in historical maps, aerial images,   remote sensed information and historical archives. The datasets were   archived, processed and analyzed using the Free and Open Source Software   (FOSS) GIS GRASS and QGIS. Historical maps include Atlas Tyrolensis   (dated 1770), Theresianischer Kataster (dated 1859) and Italian Kingdom   Forest Map (IKFM) of 1936. The aerial imagery dataset includes aerial   images taken in 1954, which have been orthorectified during this   research, and orthophotos available for years 1973, 1994, 2000, 2006,   2010 and 2016. Remote sensed information includes Landsat and recent   Lidar data, while historical archives consist mostly in Forest   Management Plans available since around 1950. The versatility of the   wide variety of modules supplied from the FOSS GRASS and QGIS enabled to   perform a diverse set of analysis and pre-processing   (e.g.:orthorectification) on a heterogeneous dataset of input images. We   will focus on the different strategies and methodologies implemented in   the FOSS GIS used to process the various types of geographic data,   challenges for the future of the research and the fundamental role of   the FOSS systems in this process.   Quantifying forest change in the time-span of our dataset can be used to   perform further analysis on ecosystem services, such as protection from   soil erosion, and on modification of biome diversity and to create   future change scenarios.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-71-2019
1049,InProceedings,FLOSS FAQ chatbot project reuse - how to allow nonexperts to develop a   chatbot,"FAQ chatbots possess the capability to provide answers to frequently   asked questions of a particular service, platform, or system. Currently,   FAQ chatbot is the most popular domain of use of dialog assistants.   However, developing a chatbot project requires a full-stack team formed   by numerous specialists, such as dialog designer, data scientist,   software engineer, DevOps, business strategist and experts from the   domain, which can be both time and resources consuming. Language   processing can be particularly challenging in languages other than   English due to the scarcity of training datasets.   Most of the requirements of FAQ chatbots are similar, domain-specific,   and projects could profit from Open Source Software (OSS) reuse. In this   paper, we examine how OSS FAQ chatbot projects can benefit from reuse at   the project level (black-box reuse). We present an experience report of   a FLOSS FAQ chatbot project developed in Portuguese to an e-government   service in Brazil. It comprises of the chatbot distribution service, as   well as for analytics tool integrated and deployed on-premises. We   identified assets that could be reused as a black-box and the assets   that should be customized for a particular application. We categorized   these assets in architecture, corpus, dialog flows, machine learning   models, and documentation. This paper discusses how automation,   pre-configuration, and templates can aid newcomers to develop chatbots   in Portuguese without the need for specialized skills required from   tools in chatbot architecture. Our main contribution is to highlight the   issues non-English FAQ chatbots projects will likely face and the assets   that can be reused. It allows non-chatbot experts to develop a   quality-assured OSS FAQ chatbot in a shorter project cycle.",10.1145/3306446.3340823
1051,InProceedings,FLOSS Participants' Perceptions about Gender and Inclusiveness: A Survey,"Background: While FLOSS projects espouse openness and acceptance for   all, in practice, female contributors often face discriminatory barriers   to contribution. Aims: In this paper, we examine the extent to which   these problems still exist. We also study male and female contributors'   perceptions of other contributors. Method: We surveyed participants from   15 FLOSS projects, asking a series of open-ended, closed-ended, and   behavioral scale questions to gather information about the issue of   gender in FLOSS projects. Results: Though many of those we surveyed   expressed a positive sentiment towards females who participate in FLOSS   projects, some were still strongly against their inclusion. Often, the   respondents who were against inclusiveness also believed their own   sentiments were the prevailing belief in the community, contrary to our   findings. Others did not see the purpose of attempting to be inclusive,   expressing the sentiment that a discussion of gender has no place in   FLOSS. Conclusions: FLOSS projects have started to move forwards in   terms of gender acceptance. However, there is still a need for more   progress in the inclusion of gender-diverse contributors.",10.1109/ICSE.2019.00077
1053,Article,FOLLOWERSHIP IN AN OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN   CODE REUSE,"Code reuse is fundamental to the development of open-source software   (OSS). Therefore, understanding how and why it occurs is important. To   date, researchers have examined code reuse in OSS largely from the   perspective of leaders. We show why followers must be considered as   well. ``Followers{''} are people who have had previous contacts with an   individual from another project and who continue to associate with him   or her. We consider two types of followers: developers (those directly   involved in software development) and observers (those indirectly   involved in it). We conduct a series of empirical investigations by   using a longitudinal dataset of OSS projects hosted in GitHub, along   with a survey and qualitative data. We find that followership can affect   code reuse, but the effect depends on the nature of the follower   (developer or observer). Overall, our study suggests that followership   is important for code reuse in OSS because it enables participants to   learn, and learning promotes code reuse.",10.25300/MISQ/2019/14043
1054,InProceedings,FOSS Compact Model Prototyping with Verilog-A Equation-Defined Devices   (VAEDD),"Equation-Defined Device models (EDD) have become very popular for   behavioural modelling of semiconductor and other non-linear devices. Two   feature that makes them particularly attractive are their interactive   nature and easy testing during the model development process. However,   they are less suited for operation as production level models due to   their slow simulation performance. This paper presents a new extension   to the EDD that offers C++ model performance coupled with the   convenience of EDD modelling. The extended form of the EDD is called a   Verilog-A EDD or VAEDD for short. It has the same structure as the   standard EDD but is built around compiled Verilog-A module code, which   in turn is translated to C++ code and dynamically linked to the main   body of the simulator code. Essentially a VAEDD is a tiny Verilog-A   module with a standardised internal code structure. To demonstrate the   interactive approach to compact model building with VAEDD components the   design and testing of a high power SiC Schottky barrier diode is   included in the main body of the text.",10.23919/mixdes.2019.8787063
1055,InProceedings,FOSS EKV2.6 Verilog-A Compact MOSFET Model,"The EKV2.6 MOSFET compact model has had a considerable impact on the   academic and industrial community of analog integrated circuit design,   since its inception in 1996. The model is available as a free   open-source software (FOSS) tool coded in Verilog-A. The present paper   provides a short review of foundations of the model and shows its   capabilities via characterization and modeling based on a test chip in   180 nm CMOS fabricated via Europractice.",10.1109/essderc.2019.8901822
1056,InProceedings,FOSS TECHNOLOGIES IN MODELLING SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY OF PRIMARY HEALTH   CARE IN MALAWI,"Primary health care (PHC) is the first point of contact people have with   a health system. As such access to PHC services is an important factor   to ensure good health of a community. While the need to provide equal   and easy access to PHC is well understood, the approaches informing the   decision-making process to improve the access tend to face a number of   challenges in the developing world. Use of conventional Information and   Communication Technologies (ICTs) comes with requisite financial costs   which Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) ICT technologies have the   potential to help lower among other benefits. In this study, the   confluence of spatial accessibility tools provided by FOSS technologies,   specifically PostgreSQL/PostGIS and QGIS, was explored to inform   decision making in PHC accessibility in Zomba, Malawi. The results show   that the household population (P) that is within the threshold time was   8, representing \\% of all households having access to health care. The   mean accessibility score for the district was 0.010 and ranged from 0.00   to 0.231. While the findings provide, arguably, spatially objective PHC   accessibility data to inform policy direction and also reveals   accessibility to PHC in Malawi to be lower than reported, the study also   reveals the usefulness of FOSS technologies, in the developing world.   Use of FOSS facilitated incremental setup of the model thereby allowing   to run the model with limited processing power. That notwithstanding,   the study adds to the formal scientific research on the use of   relational spatial analysis in the developing world.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-189-2019
1057,Article,FREE CULTURE AND FREE SOFTWARE TOWARDS DIGITAL EMPOWERMENT,"The research article examines the experiences of Venezuela and Ecuador   as pioneers in Latin America in policies to support free culture, use of   free software and the progressive digital empowerment of popular or   citizen power through the use of Information and Communication   Technologies (TIC). The methodological strategy is based on a   documentary research to diagnose the normative framework of governmental   actions and to analyze the organizational expressions of the subjects of   free culture. The results suggest that both Venezuela and Ecuador have   legal experience and have allocated important public funds for the   creation of infrastructure, which has influenced the formation in their   territory of a melting pot of solvent social organizations to make that   great leap to a society of information and knowledge. It is concluded   that the challenges of the present point to the need to resume the   initial enthusiasm, relaunch government plans to administer the   political dividends of the symbolic efficacy of the discourse and praxis   of free culture in order to generate policies for the consolidation and   articulation of communities and corporate cores with real digital   empowerment.",NA
1058,InProceedings,Faculty Development for FLOSS Education,"With the recent upsurge in the development, use, and adoption of   free/libre open source software (FLOSS) across all sectors of business,   it is critical that graduates of computing degree programs gain an   understanding of FLOSS development tools, processes, and culture.   However, many faculty members are not fluent in FLOSS development and   have little experience in teaching FLOSS. This paper reports on a   faculty development program designed to bring instructors up to speed on   how to support student learning within FLOSS projects. The paper   discusses the challenges to FLOSS education from the instructor's   perspective, describes the Professors' Open Source Software Experience   (POSSE) workshop, and presents the results of a study into the impact of   POSSE on instructors based on semi-structured interviews. This work is   part of a larger study into instructor experiences when incorporating   Humanitarian Free Open Source Software (HFOSS) into their curriculum.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_15
1059,InProceedings,Fifteen Years of Open Source Software Evolution,"The Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystem and community has evolved   enormously from the first edition of the OSS conference that took place   in Genoa (Italy) in 2005. Such evolution happened in every aspect of OSS   including research, technology, and business pushing its adoption to an   unpredictable scale. Nowadays, it is almost impossible for people not   using OSS in every interaction they have with technology. This fact is a   tremendous success for OSS but such evolution and adoption has not   always followed the intended path and some relevant deviations have   occurred during such long journey.   This paper provide an overview of the evolution of OSS in the three   mentioned areas (research, technology, and business) highlighting the   main aspects and identifying the current trends that will be the basis   for its future evolution.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_6
1061,Article,Flux Puppy - An open-source software application and portable system   design for low-cost manual measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and   H<sub>2</sub>O fluxes,"Manual chamber-based measurements of CO2 (and H2O) fluxes are important   for understanding ecosystem carbon metabolism. Small opaque chambers can   be used to measure leaf, stem and soil respiration. Larger transparent   chambers can be used to measure net ecosystem exchange of CO2, and small   jars often serve this purpose for laboratory incubations of soil and   plant material. We developed an Android application (app), called Flux   Puppy, to facilitate chamber-based flux measurements in the field and   laboratory. The app is designed to run on an inexpensive handheld   Android device, such as a tablet or phone, and it has a graphical user   interface that communicates with a LI-COR LI-820 and LI-830 (CO2) or   LI-840 and LI-850 (CO2/H2O) infrared gas analyzer. The app logs   concentrations of CO2 and H2O, cell temperature and pressure at 1 Hz,   displays the output graphically, and calculates the linear regression   slope, R-squared, and standard error of the CO2 time series. A metadata   screen allows users to enter operator, site, and plot information, as   well as take a photograph using the Android device's built-in camera,   and log measurement location using the device GPS. Additionally, there   is a notes field, which can be revised after the measurements are taken.   Data files (the 1 s raw data, photograph, and metadata including   statistics calculated from the raw data) are then transmitted off the   device through file sharing options (Gmail, Outlook, Google Drive,   Dropbox etc.). Because Flux Puppy code is open-source (available on   GitHub) and the flux measurement system we describe is relatively   inexpensive and straightforward to assemble, it should be of broad   interest to the carbon cycling community.",10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.04.012
1063,Article,For {Fun} and {Profit}: {A} {History} of the {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Revolution} by {Christopher} {J}. {Tozzi} (review),"In the 1980s, largely due to the activities of MIT programmer Richard Stallman, a discourse of ""free software"" emerged in opposition to the perceived commercialization of hitherto widely available code, in particular the Unix operating system developed at Bell Labs. By the turn of the millennium, FOSS developers had created the GNU/Linux operating system and several other significant products.FOSS is now a crucial part of the networked world, providing both software—for example web servers, desktop environments, and the FOSS-derived Android operating system that powers the majority of the world's mobile phones—and many of the programming languages in which that software is written.In one crucial respect (the production of the so-called ""kernel"" of the system) this effort stalled, and only the efforts of a project initiated in 1991 by Finnish student Linus Torvalds enabled the production of a complete operating system, usually simply called Linux.",10.1353/tech.2019.0058
1064,Article,Free and Open Source Software and FRAND-based patent licenses How to   mediate between Standard Essential Patent and Free and Open Source   Software,"In the context of digital transformation, both standards and Free and   Open Source Software (FOSS) can be seen as key to success for   innovation. However, the increasing role of FOSS in the ICT sector has   provoked the question of interplay and compatibility between FOSS and   standardization processes. The goal of this article is to provide an   overview of the different licensing regimes, FOSS licenses and fair,   reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND)-based licenses, and to shed   some light on the current debate by analyzing possible tensions between   some of the most prominent FOSS licenses and their interaction with   FRAND-based patent licenses. The article will begin with an overview of   the history and context of FOSS licenses and FRAND-based licensing   regimes, continue with a legal review of the actual language of   prominent FOSS licenses, and provide further thoughts on future   opportunities and challenges for the interaction between FOSS projects   and standard processes, with a particular view on FOSS implementations   of standards.",10.1111/jwip.12114
1065,Article,Gendered behavior as a disadvantage in open source software development,"Women are severely marginalized in software development, especially in   open source. In this article we argue that disadvantage is more due to   gendered behavior than to categorical discrimination: women are at a   disadvantage because of what they do, rather than because of who they   are. Using data on entire careers of users from GitHub.com, we develop a   measure to capture the gendered pattern of behavior: We use a random   forest prediction of being female (as opposed to being male) by   behavioral choices in the level of activity, specialization in   programming languages, and choice of partners. We test differences in   success and survival along both categorical gender and the gendered   pattern of behavior. We find that 84.5\\% of women's disadvantage   (compared to men) in success and 34.8\\% of their disadvantage in   survival are due to the female pattern of their behavior. Men are also   disadvantaged along their interquartile range of the female pattern of   their behavior, and users who don't reveal their gender suffer an even   more drastic disadvantage in survival probability. Moreover, we do not   see evidence for any reduction of these inequalities in time. Our   findings are robust to noise in gender recognition, and to taking into   account particular programming languages, or decision tree classes of   gendered behavior. Our results suggest that fighting categorical gender   discrimination will have a limited impact on gender inequalities in open   source software development, and that gender hiding is not a viable   strategy for women.",10.1140/epjds/s13688-019-0202-z
1066,Article,Gendered work culture in free/libre open source software development,"This article adopts a feminist perspective to examine masculine work   culture in the development of free/libre open source software. The   authors draw on a case study of the Heidi bug' discovered during the   development of the Mozilla Firefox web browser to examine how gendered   talk' was (en)-acted to facilitate bricolage' in an online work   environment. Such gendered talks contain cultural references familiar to   male developers. Though seemingly innocuous, such acts could be seen as   a performance of gender that simply reflects the hegemonic heterosexual   masculine culture manifested in an online virtual work space. The   virtual work space therefore can be exclusive to those who shared the   cultural references. Although it may not necessarily be ignorance or   insensitivity of male developers, a more gender-balanced, women-friendly   and inclusive workplace certainly would benefit from a more diverse   environment. This article highlights the gendered aspect of software   development through examining the language use and mainstream bricolage'   practice, and establishes a compelling ground for enlarging the talent   pool to include more women and integrating gender ethics (e.g., raising   awareness of sensitive language and design approaches) into computer   ethics education.",10.1111/gwao.12255
1069,Article,Generalized Multi-Release Framework for Fault Prediction in Open Source   Software,"Software developing communities are shifting to open source software   (OSS) because of the reason that software development takes place in   successive releases, thereby improving its quality and reliability.   Multi-release development of OSS can provide an opportunity to inculcate   the dynamic needs of the user in a very short span of time to survive in   the market. In spite of having these benefits, numerous challenges can   be faced during the multi-release OSS development. Some of the   challenges can be the generation of errors during the addition of new   features. To address the changing fault detection process, a change   point phenomenon is considered so as to give more practicality to the   model. In this article, we present a general framework for multi-release   OSS modelling incorporating imperfect debugging and change points.   Parameter estimation and model validation is done on the three releases   of Apache, an open source software project.",10.4018/IJSI.2019100105
1071,InProceedings,GitViz: An Interactive Visualization System for Analyzing Development   Trends in the Open-Source Software Community,"This study proposes a visualization that can assist computer scientists   and data scientists to make decisions by exploring technology trends.   While it is important for them to understand the technology trends in   the rapidly changing computer science and data science fields, it takes   considerable time and knowledge to acquire good information about these   trends. Particularly, data/computer scientists with little experience in   the field find it difficult to obtain information on such trends.   Therefore, we propose a visualization system that can easily and quickly   explore the technology trends in computer and data science. This study   aims to identify the key technologies and developers in a specific   field, and other technologies deeply related to specific technologies,   and explore the changes in popularity of technologies, languages, and   libraries over time. This study includes two case studies to obtain   information using the proposed visualization. We demonstrate our system   with GitHub repositories data.",10.1109/PacificVis.2019.00028
1072,Article,How Companies Use OSS Tools Ecosystems for Open Innovation,"Moving toward the open innovation (OI) model requires multifaceted   transformations within companies. It often involves giving away the   tools for product development or sharing future product directions with   open tools ecosystems. Moving from the traditional closed innovation   model toward an OI model for software development tools shows the   potential to increase software development competence and efficiency of   organizations. We report a case study in software-intensive company   developing embedded devices (e.g., smartphones) followed by a survey in   OSS communities such as Gerrit, Git, and Jenkins. The studied branch   focuses on developing Android phones. This paper presents contribution   strategies and triggers for openness. These strategies include avoid   forking OSS tools, empower developers to participate in the ecosystem,   steer ecosystems through contributions, create business through   differentiation, and create new ecosystems. The triggers of openness are   from 30 different companies with examples. Finally, openness requires a   cultural change aligned with strategies and business models.",10.1109/MITP.2019.2893134
1073,InProceedings,How Undergraduate Students Perceive the Relevance of Open Source   Software Literature,"The number of Open Source Software research papers has grown   significantly over the last few years. An important open question is   related with the investigation of how undergraduate students perceive   the relevance of open source software literature. To address this   question, we conducted a survey at University of Brasilia (UnB) where   500 undergraduate students were invited to rate the relevance of   research ideas contained in papers that were published over a period of   ten years. This paper attempts to investigate whether the Open Source   Software research produces results considered relevant to undergraduate   students. This way we can provide feedback from the students, offering a   way to produce useful and, consequently, more disseminated works among   Open Source practitioners. To answer about the relevance of available   work, we have tackled two questions: one about the scope of the studies   and another about the quality perceived by them. For the first one, a   systematic mapping was conducted, revealing a set of works composed by a   great diversity of results. Than, we applied a Survey in which students   could evaluate the relevance of these gathered works. The available open   source software research works seem to be very diverse and were   considered useful for students that contribute to the Open Source   Projects. 77.01\\% of respondents answered that research conducted in the   Open Source Community is relevant and important to the community, as   well as to their professional and academic lives.",10.1145/3350768.3351994
1076,Article,INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF AERATION ON THE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND   UNDER PRESSURE TUNNEL AERATOR USING OPENFOAM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE,"The flow around the ramp embedded in a pressurized tunnel is divided   into the various zones immediately downstream of the ramp, including the   cavity and the main zone of flow above the shear layer. The aeration   coefficient of the flow from the lower surface (inside the   cavity)(beta(lower)) is a function of non-dimensional numbers which   aerator geometry parameters such as cavity length to ramp height   L-c/t(r) is considered as one of the most important parameters.   Therefore, in the present study, OpenFOAM software and RNG k-epsilon   turbulence model were used to simulate the flow to study the aeration   effect on flow characteristics, so the range of aeration coefficient as   0\\%<beta<10\\% for four ramps with different t(r)/d ratios is Applied,   then by increasing the aeration coefficient in the range of   0\\%<beta<16\\%, The dependency range of relative Cavity length L-c/t(r)   to (beta) was evaluated. In order to verify performance of the numerical   model, experimental results of Manafpour test were used. The results of   the research indicate that in the aeration of flow with aerator ramp,   the height of ramp has more influence relative to ramp angle. Moreover   the main Effectiveness of the aeration coefficient on the cavity length   was limited to air percent less than 10\\%.",10.2478/jaes-2019-0006
1077,Article,Identification-Method Research for Open-Source Software Ecosystems,"In recent years, open-source software (OSS) development has grown, with   many developers around the world working on different OSS projects. A   variety of open-source software ecosystems have emerged, for instance,   GitHub, StackOverflow, and SourceForge. One of the most typical   social-programming and code-hosting sites, GitHub, has amassed numerous   open-source-software projects and developers in the same virtual   collaboration platform. Since GitHub itself is a large open-source   community, it hosts a collection of software projects that are developed   together and coevolve. The great challenge here is how to identify the   relationship between these projects, i.e., project relevance.   Software-ecosystem identification is the basis of other studies in the   ecosystem. Therefore, how to extract useful information in GitHub and   identify software ecosystems is particularly important, and it is also a   research area in symmetry. In this paper, a Topic-based Project   Knowledge Metrics Framework (TPKMF) is proposed. By collecting the   multisource dataset of an open-source ecosystem, project-relevance   analysis of the open-source software is carried out on the basis of   software-ecosystem identification. Then, we used our Spectral Clustering   algorithm based on Core Project (CP-SC) to identify software-ecosystem   projects and further identify software ecosystems. We verified that most   software ecosystems usually contain a core software project, and most   other projects are associated with it. Furthermore, we analyzed the   characteristics of the ecosystem, and we also found that interactive   information has greater impact on project relevance. Finally, we   summarize the Topic-based Project Knowledge Metrics Framework.",10.3390/sym11020182
1078,Article,Industry requirements for FLOSS governance tools to facilitate the use   of open source software in commercial products,"Virtually all software products incorporate free/fibre and open source   software (FLOSS) components. However, ungoverned use of FLOSS components   can result in legal and financial risks, and risks to a firm's   intellectual property. To avoid these risks, companies must govern their   FLOSS use through open source governance processes and by following   industry best practices. A particular challenge is license compliance.   To manage the complexity of governance and compliance, companies should   use tools and well-defined processes. This paper investigates and   presents industry requirements for FLOSS governance tools, followed by   an evaluation of the suggested requirements.   We chose eleven companies with an advanced understanding of open source   governance and interviewed their FLOSS governance experts to derive a   theory of industry requirements for tooling. We extended our previous   work adding the requirement category on the architecture model for   software products.   We then analyzed the features of leading governance tools and used this   analysis to evaluate two categories of our theory: FLOSS license   scanning and FLOSS components in product bills of materials. The result   is a list of FLOSS governance requirements. For practical relevance, we   cast our theory as a requirements specification for FLOSS governance   tools. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2019.08.001
1079,Article,Inquiry-Based Learning With RoboGen: An Open-Source Software and   Hardware Platform for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence,"It has often been found that students appreciate hands-on work, and find   that they learn more with courses that include a project than those   relying solely on conventional lectures and tests. This type of project   driven learning is a key component of ``Inquiry-based learning{''}   (IBL), which aims at teaching methodology as well as content by   incorporating the student as an actor rather than a spectator. Robotics   applications are especially well-suited for IBL due to the value of   trial and error experience, the multiple possibilities for students to   implement their own ideas, and the importance of programming,   problem-solving, and electro-mechanical skills in real world engineering   and science jobs. Furthermore, robotics platforms can be useful teaching   media and learning tools for a variety of topics. Here, we present   RoboGen: an open-source, web-based, software, and hardware platform for   Robotics and Artificial Intelligence with a particular focus on   Evolutionary Robotics. We describe the platform in detail, compare it to   existing alternatives, and present results of its use as a platform for   Inquiry-based learning within a master's level course at the Ecole   Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne.",10.1109/TLT.2018.2833111
1080,InProceedings,Insights from Open Source Software Supply Chains,"Open Source Software (OSS) forms an infrastructure on which numerous   (often critical) software applications are based. Substantial research   was done to investigate central projects such as Linux kernel but we   have only a limited understanding of how the periphery of the larger OSS   ecosystem is interconnected through technical dependencies, code   sharing, and knowledge flows. We aim to close this gap by a) creating a   nearly complete and rapidly updateable collection of version control   data for FLOSS projects; b) by cleaning, correcting, and augmenting the   data to measure several types of dependencies among code, developers,   and projects; c) by creating models that rely on the resulting supply   chains to investigate structural and dynamic properties of the entire   OSS. The current implementation is capable of being updated each month,   occupies over 300Tb of disk space with 1.5B commits and 12B git objects.   Highly accurate algorithms to correct identity data and extract   dependencies from the source code are used to characterize the current   structure of OSS and the way it has evolved. In particular, models of   technology spread demonstrate the implicit factors developers use when   choosing software components. We expect the resulting research platform   will both spur investigations on how the huge periphery in OSS both   sustains and is sustained by the central OSS projects and, as a result,   will increase resiliency and effectiveness of the OSS.",10.1145/3338906.3342813
1084,Article,Integrated open-source software for multiscale electrophysiology,"The methods for electrophysiology in neuroscience have evolved   tremendously over the recent years with a growing emphasis on   dense-array signal recordings. Such increased complexity and augmented   wealth in the volume of data recorded, have not been accompanied by   efforts to streamline and facilitate access to processing methods, which   too are susceptible to grow in sophistication. Moreover, unsuccessful   attempts to reproduce peer-reviewed publications indicate a problem of   transparency in science. This growing problem could be tackled by   unrestricted access to methods that promote research transparency and   data sharing, ensuring the reproducibility of published results. Here,   we provide a free, extensive, open-source software that provides   data-analysis, data-management and multi-modality integration solutions   for invasive neurophysiology. Users can perform their entire analysis   through a user-friendly environment without the need of programming   skills, in a tractable (logged) way. This work contributes to   open-science, analysis standardization, transparency and reproducibility   in invasive neurophysiology.",10.1038/s41597-019-0242-z
1085,InProceedings,Integration of Proton Computed Tomography into the Open Source Software   STIR,"Proton computed tomography (pCT) offers unique image formation   attributes, with a potential for increasing accuracy of treatment   planning in proton beam therapy. To maximize the potential of pCT it is   necessary to develop advanced reconstruction algorithms that can   accurately recover relative proton stopping power maps. This study aims   to integrate pCT into STIR (Software for Tomographic Image   Reconstruction), a popular Multi-Platform Object-Oriented framework for   reconstruction in tomographic imaging to benefit from its software   infrastructure. Open source STIR library is currently suitable for   reconstructing and manipulating data from Positron Emission Tomography   (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), which are   based on cylindrical scanner geometries. Although pCT has a   non-cylindrical geometry, STIR provides the framework for single event   detection and modelling of the proton interactions. This initial   implementation includes classes and functions with new features such as   general proton scanner geometry, binning of list mode proton data into   sinograms and uses analytical reconstruction algorithms already   available in STIR. The structure of the new implemented features is   discussed. Future work will include additional components to establish   STIR as a potential toolkit for pCT image reconstruction.",NA
1086,InProceedings,Introducing Agile Product Owners in a FLOSS Project,"Sponsored Open Source Software projects, driven by various actors, have   to balance the needs of volunteer contributors and business objectives.   This work presents Catrobat, a FLOSS project established at Graz   University of Technology, and how it introduced agile product owners.   Product owners communicate the product vision, provide a general   direction, decide about features, and prioritize requirements that are   implemented by the community, i.e., they are ultimately responsible for   the product. This agile approach is intended to ensure a certain   outcome, such as business objectives, but also to react to the needs of   community members and users on a short-term basis. This paper presents   how therefore this role has been defined and the processes have been   adapted.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_4
1087,InProceedings,Investigating Evolution in Open Source Software,"Lehman's well-known laws of software evolution have existed since the   early 1980's and although they have been nuanced, augmented and   discussed many times since then, software and software development   practices have changed dramatically since then, not least due to the   rise and popularity of open source software (OSS). OSS is written   collaboratively with the process and products publically observable,   whereas the original laws were derived based on a very different   context. The question then arises if Lehman's laws apply to modern day   OSS software. The GitHub repository is the most comprehensive source of   OSS projects and is used here to obtain data on how OSS projects have   evolved. This work uses one hundred open source projects hosted on   GitHub. Metrics are obtained via the provided API, using a purpose-built   workbench and several of Lehman's laws are evaluated using the data   available. Coupled with a critique of how judgements can be made from   the data available, the study has discovered that the evidence does not   support many of the laws. An important proviso with such an approach is   the limitation on what data can be extracted and/or inferred from the   GitHub API. Nonetheless, there is enough of a challenge made to the laws   to warrant further study and a need to revisit some of the laws in the   context of open source development.",10.1007/978-3-030-24308-1\\_20
1088,Article,Investigating whether and how software developers understand open source   software licensing,"Software provided under open source licenses is widely used, from   forming high-profile stand-alone applications (e.g., Mozilla Firefox) to   being embedded in commercial offerings (e.g., network routers). Despite   the high frequency of use of open source licenses, there has been little   work about whether software developers understand the open source   licenses that they use. To help understand whether or not developers   understand the open source licenses they use, we conducted a survey that   posed development scenarios involving three popular open source licenses   (GNU GPL 3.0, GNU LGPL 3.0 and MPL 2.0) both alone and in combination.   The 375 respondents to the survey, who were largely developers, gave   answers consistent with those of a legal expert's opinion in 62\\% of 42   cases. Although developers clearly understood cases involving one   license, they struggled when multiple licenses were involved. To   understand the context in which licensing issues arise in practice, we   analyzed real-world questions posed by developers about the three   licenses considered in the survey on online question-and-answer   communities. We also interviewed practicing developers about license   interaction problems they have faced. Among several lessons, we learnt   that licensing issues can constrain software evolution and that   developers are cautious of more restrictive licenses. Our results   indicate a need for tool support to help guide developers in   understanding the structure of the code and the technical details of a   project while taking into account the exact requirements imposed by the   licenses involved.",10.1007/s10664-018-9614-9
1089,Article,Janus: An Extensible Open-Source Software Package for Adaptive QM/MM   Methods,"Adaptive quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches are   able to treat systems with dynamic or nonlocalized active centers by   allowing for on-the-fly reassignment of the QM region. Although these   approaches have been in active development, the inaccessibility of   current software has caused slow adoption and limited applications.   JANUS seeks to remedy the limitations of current software by providing a   free and open-source Python library for adaptive methods that is modular   and extensible. Our software has implementations of many existing   adaptive methods and a user-friendly input structure that removes the   hindrance of complicated setup procedures. A Python API is made   available to customize JANUS's capabilities and implement novel adaptive   approaches. JANUS currently interfaces with PSI4 and OPENMM, but its   modular infrastructure enables easy extensibility to other molecular   codes without major modifications to either code. The software is freely   available at https://github.com/CCQC/janus. Our goal is that JANUS will   serve as a user-driven platform for adaptive QM/MM methods.",10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00182
1090,InProceedings,Learning Software Security in Context An Evaluation in Open Source   Software Development Environment,"Learning software security has become a complex and difficult task today   than it was even a decade ago. With the increased complexity of computer   systems and a variety of applications, it is hard for software   developers to master the expertise required to deal with the variety of   security concepts, methods, and technologies that are required in   software projects. Although a large number of security learning   materials are widely available in books, open literature or on the   Internet, they are difficult for learners to understand the rationale of   security topics and correlate the concepts with real software scenarios.   We argue that the traditional approach, which usually organizes   knowledge content topically, with security-centric, is not suitable to   motivate learners and stimulate learners' interest. To tackle this   learning issue, our research is focused on forging a contextualized   learning environment for software security where learners can explore   security knowledge and relate it to the context that they are familiar   with. This learning system is developed base on our proposed   context-based learning approach and based on ontological technologies.   In this paper, we present our evaluation study in the open source   software (OSS) development environment. Our results demonstrate that   contextualized learning can help OSS developers identify their necessary   security information, improve learning efficiency and make security   knowledge more meaningful for their software development tasks",10.1145/3339252.3340336
1092,InProceedings,Leveraging Open Source Software and Parallel Computing for Model   Predictive Control Simulation of Urban Drainage Systems Using EPA-SWMM5   and Python,"The active control of stormwater systems is a potential solution to   increased street flooding in low-lying, low-relief coastal cities due to   climate change and accompanying sea level rise. Model predictive control   (MPC) has been shown to be a successful control strategy generally and   as well as for managing urban drainage specifically. This research   describes and demonstrates the implementation of MPC for urban drainage   systems using open source software (Python and The United States   Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model   (SWMM5). The system was demonstrated using a simplified use case in   which an actively-controlled outlet of a detention pond is simulated.   The control of the pond's outlet influences the flood risk of a   downstream node. For each step in the SWMM5 model, a series of policies   for controlling the outlet are evaluated. The best policy is then   selected using an evolutionary algorithm. The policies are evaluated   against an objective function that penalizes primarily flooding and   secondarily deviation of the detention pond level from a target level.   Freely available Python libraries provide the key functionality for the   MPC workflow: step-by-step running of the SWMM5 simulation, evolutionary   algorithm implementation, and leveraging parallel computing. For   perspective, the MPC results were compared to results from a rule-based   approach and a scenario with no active control. The MPC approach   produced a control policy that largely eliminated flooding (unlike the   scenario with no active control) and maintained the detention pond's   water level closer to a target level (unlike the rule-based approach).",10.1007/978-3-319-99867-1\\_170
1094,Article,Leveraging open source software and parallel computing for model   predictive control of urban drainage systems using EPA-SWMM5,"Active stormwater control will play an increasingly important role in   mitigating urban flooding, which is becoming more common with climate   change and sea level rise. In this paper we describe and demonstrate   swmm\\_mpc, software developed for simulating model predictive control   (MPC) for urban drainage systems using open source software (Python and   the EPA Stormwater Management Model version 5 (SWMM5)). Swmm\\_mpc uses   an evolutionary algorithm as an optimizer and supports parallel   processing. In the demonstration case for a hypothetical,   tidally-influenced urban drainage system, the swmm\\_mpc control policies   for two storage units achieved its objectives of 1) practically   eliminating flooding and 2) maintaining the water level at the storage   units close to a target level. Although the current swmm\\_mpc workflow   was feasible for a simple model using a desktop PC, a high-performance   computer or cloud-based computer with more computational cores would   likely be needed for most real-world models.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.07.009
1095,InProceedings,Linguistic Change in Open Source Software,"In this paper, we seek to advance the state-of-the-art in code evolution   analysis research and practice by statistically analyzing, interpreting,   and formally describing the evolution of code lexicon in Open Source   Software (OSS). The underlying hypothesis is that, similar to natural   language, code lexicon falls under the remit of evolutionary principles.   Therefore, adapting theories and statistical models of natural language   evolution to code is expected to provide unique insights into software   evolution. Our analysis in this paper is conducted using 2,000 OSS   systems sampled from a broad range of application domains. Our results   show that a) OSS projects exhibit a significant shift in their   linguistic identity over time, b) different syntactic structures of code   lexicon evolve differently, c) different factors of OSS development and   different maintenance activities impact code lexicon differently. These   insights lay out a preliminary foundation for modeling the linguistic   history of OSS projects. In the long run, this foundation will be   utilized to provide support for basic software maintenance and program   comprehension activities, and gain new theoretical insights into the   complex interplay between linguistic change and various system and human   aspects of OSS development.",10.1109/ICSME.2019.00045
1096,Article,MEASURING NON MONETARY INNOVATION IN SOFTWARE: A CASE STUDY IN FLOSS   FIRMS FROM ARGENTINA,"This paper presents a critical review of the design of innovation   surveys that follow the Oslo Manual standards, based on a series of case   studies in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) companies. The main   objective of the article is to propose criteria for measuring innovation   in software that consider the specificities of the non-monetized   innovation generated in the FLOSS community, helping to overcome   relevant limitations of the current sectorial surveys based on the Oslo   Manual. We applied a qualitative analysis based on seven case studies in   FLOSS firms from Argentina, mainly through semi-structured interviews to   key informants. Such analysis was aimed to elucidate the nature and   particularities of the innovation processes and outcomes in the firms,   the characteristics of the collaboration with the community and its role   in the business model and innovation strategy of the organizations. The   main results of the empirical study are: a) a criticism of the monetary   conception of the predominant innovation in the manuals of the area and   b) on this basis emerges a series of recommendations to improve the   measurement of innovation through surveys in the software sector , such   as: the consideration of publicly released products and developments and   contributions to third-party products in the FLOSS community, the   incorporation of performance indicators of firms not based on sales from   innovation, and the consideration of innovation selection mechanisms   typical of FLOSS communities not based on their market impact.",10.5585/iji.v7i1.319
1097,InProceedings,Machine Learning Approach for Reliability Assessment of Open Source   Software,"Some of the quality parameters for any successful open source software   may be attributed to affordability, availability of source code,   re-distributability, and modifiability etc. Quality of software can be   further improvised subsequently by either users or associated developers   by constantly monitoring some of the reliability aspects. Since multiple   users are allowed to modify the code there is a potential threat for   security, which might degrade the reliability of software. Bug tracking   systems are often considered to monitor various software faults,   detected mostly in open source software projects. Various authors have   made research in this direction by applying different techniques in   order to improve the reliability of open source software projects. In   this work, an various machine learning models have been implemented to   examine the reliability of the software. An extensive numerical   illustration has also been presented for bug data recorded on bug   tracking system. The effectiveness of machine learning models for   estimating the level of faults associated with the systems has been   verified by comparing it with similar approaches as available in the   literature.",10.1007/978-3-030-24305-0\\_35
1098,Article,Maintenance effort management based on double jump diffusion model for {OSS} project,"Many open source software (OSS) under various OSS projects are in action around the world. Considering the characteristics of OSS development and management projects, operation performance measures for OSS project management will take an irregular fluctuation in the long term of operation, because several developer and many users are closely related to the maintenance of OSS. Also, OSS projects will heavily depend the environment of internet network. This paper focuses on the irregular fluctuation of operation performance measures for OSS project management. We apply the double jump diffusion process models to the noisy cases in the operation of OSS. In particular, the maintenance effort is estimated by the stochastic differential equation model in terms of OSS project management. Moreover, we propose the method of maintenance effort management based on the double jump diffusion process model considering the irregular fluctuation of performance for OSS projects. Thereby, it will be helpful for the OSS developers and managers to understand the maintenance effort status of OSS from the standpoint of OSS project management. Also, we analyze actual data to show numerical examples of the proposed models with the characteristics considering noisy and jump of OSS projects.",10.1007/s10479-019-03170-w
1099,Article,Management of algae bloom based on CBR-OSS model,"The outbreak process of algal bloom is a complex ecological problem of   system engineering involving various factors such as water parameters,   surrounding environment and human activity. For this ecological problem,   the strict restriction and requirement limit the development of   management about algae bloom. To select the most suitable strategy from   various algae control methods, we propose case-based reasoning-optimal   strategy selection (CBR-OSS) model. It builds case library and complex   network by extracting the factors of algae management. This model   regards the complex network as a directive network to reflect dynamic   characteristic and weights of key factors. To improve decision   efficiency, it defines the restriction slots and condition slots in   directive network. As the inference engine, these slots exclude the   unsuitable cases and avoid the redundancy computation so that the model   can calculate the similarity between the target water body and screen   cases in the process of decision case matcher. This process finds the   best matching case and recommended measures by intuitionistic fuzzy   rough sets. To verify the model, Kunming Lake and other 20 lakes are   simulated with the proposed method. The results accord with expert   advice and the model outperforms in accuracy, operation time, expert   participation and flexibility.",10.5004/dwt.2019.24398
1100,InProceedings,Managing Work Dependencies in Open Source Software Platforms,"Many open source software (OSS) hosting platforms serve the software   engineering community such as GitHub and SourceForge. During OSS   development, some work items (e. g. features, defects, enhancements)   must be completed before others. Dependencies between work items should   be managed in order to help team members in scheduling their work.   Currently, none of the popular OSS platforms offers an effective way to   manage dependencies between elements of work. This research aims at   supporting collaboration among developers using OSS platforms through   providing process models managing the dependencies among work items. In   order to do so, we conducted in-depth interviews with a set of   practitioners who use the current OSS platforms to discover what are the   most important dependencies that can benefit from computer-based   support. The interviews revealed five different types of dependency   which, among them, we designed process models for two.",10.23919/elinfocom.2019.8706495
1101,Article,Mapping and Analysis of Open Source Software (OSS) Usability for   Sustainable OSS Product,"The increase in the number of open source software (OSS) users have   drawn attention to improving usability. Usability is a clear concept   that encompassing both task and user characteristics as well as   functionality. Usability is an essential factor that affects user   acceptance and OSS sustainability, which is considered as the key to the   success of the OSS. To some extent, usability is one concern of the   larger issue of system acceptability and sustainability. Therefore,   usability is an important factor that needs to be considered since the   software that is not usable is not going to be sustainable. The   objective of this paper is to review researchers' efforts to improve,   investigate, and evaluate the usability factor that may affect the OSS   acceptability and sustainability and map the research scenery from the   articles into a comprehensible structured taxonomy, which would help the   researchers to identify different research gaps of this field. A survey   of the usability in OSS conducted and 6033 studies identified by a   search in four scholarly databases using a query that includes the   keywords (usability or learnability or efficiency or satisfaction) and   (open source software or OSS). A total of 46 studies are selected. By   manually searching in ACM, Springer, and Google Scholar five other   studies identified, and thus a total of 51 studies were the final set   that includes in this paper. Based on research topics, a taxonomy   created and divided into four principal categories which improve OSS   usability, analyze OSS usability, evaluate OSS usability, and select and   adopt OSS. A comprehensive overview and synthesis of these categories   are presented as well. This paper contributes to identifying the   possible opportunities and gaps for enabling the participation of   interested researchers in this research area. And give possibilities for   extending the use of usability research and practices to create more   sustainable software. Also, helps in selecting suitable OSS among the   alternatives.",10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2914368
1103,Article,Measuring the Shape and Size of Activated Sludge Particles Immobilized   in Agar with an Open Source Software Pipeline,"Experimental bioreactors, such as those treating wastewater, contain   particles whose size and shape are important parameters. For example,   the size and shape of activated sludge flocs can indicate the conditions   at the microscale, and also directly affect how well the sludge settles   in a clarifier.   Particle size and shape are both misleadingly `simple' measurements.   Many subtle issues, often unaddressed in informal protocols, can arise   when sampling, imaging, and analyzing particles. Sampling methods may be   biased or not provide enough statistical power. The samples themselves   may be poorly preserved or undergo alteration during immobilization.   Images may not be of sufficient quality; overlapping particles, depth of   field, magnification level, and various noise can all produce poor   results. Poorly specified analysis can introduce bias, such as that   produced by manual image thresholding and segmentation.   Affordability and throughput are desirable alongside reproducibility. An   affordable, high throughput method can enable more frequent particle   measurement, producing many images containing thousands of particles. A   method that uses inexpensive reagents, a common dissecting microscope,   and freely-available open source analysis software allows repeatable,   accessible, reproducible, and partially-automated experimental results.   Further, the product of such a method can be well-formatted,   well-defined, and easily understood by data analysis software, easing   both within-lab analyses and data sharing between labs.   We present a protocol that details the steps needed to produce such a   product, including: sampling, sample preparation and immobilization in   agar, digital image acquisition, digital image analysis, and examples of   experiment-specific figure generation from the analysis results. We have   also included an open-source data analysis pipeline to support this   protocol.",10.3791/58963
1104,Article,Modeling and simulation of the thermodynamics of lithium-ion battery   intercalation materials in the open-source software Cantera,"Modeling and simulation play a key role in analyzing the complex   electrochemical behavior of lithiumion batteries. We present the   development of a thermodynamic and kinetic modeling framework for   intercalation electrochemistry within the open-source software Cantera.   Instead of using equilibrium potentials and single-step Butler-Volmer   kinetics, Cantera is based on molar thermodynamic data and mass-action   kinetics, providing a physically-based and flexible means for complex   reaction pathways. Herein, we introduce a new thermodynamic class for   intercalation materials into the open-source software. We discuss the   derivation of molar thermodynamic data from experimental half-cell   potentials, and provide practical guidelines. We then demonstrate the   new class using a single-particle model of a lithium cobalt   oxide/graphite lithium-ion cell, implemented in MATLAB. With the present   extensions, Cantera provides a platform for the lithium-ion battery   modeling community both for consistent thermodynamic and kinetic models   and for exchanging the required thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. We   provide the full MATLAB code and parameter files as supplementary   material to this article. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134797
1105,Article,Multi-Imbalance: An open-source software for multi-class imbalance   learning,"Imbalance classification is one of the most challenging research   problems in machine learning. Techniques for two-class imbalance   classification are relatively mature nowadays, yet multi-class imbalance   learning is still an open problem. Moreover, the community lacks a   suitable software tool that can integrate the major works in the field.   In this paper, we present Multi-Imbalance, an open source software   package for multi-class imbalanced data classification. It provides   users with seven different categories of multi-class imbalance learning   algorithms, including the latest advances in the field. (C) 2019   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.knosys.2019.03.001
1106,InProceedings,NATURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION THROUGH FREE AND OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE: A PRELIMINARY SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE INSUBRIPARKS PROJECT,"Nowadays, sustainable development and preservation of territories poses   a number of challenges requiring innovative and robust technological   tools to fully accomplish them. According to this, the design of an   integrated tourism management system is here discussed. The tourism   management system is developed for the Insubria Region within the   INSUBRIPARKS project, funded by the Interreg program of the European   Union. The Insubria is a historical-geographical area stretches between   Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland embedding a valuable historical   and natural heritage. Nevertheless, the tourism potential of the region   is not fully exploited due to a fragmented political context within the   geographical area that extends across different local and national   jurisdictions. The final goal of the project to increase tourism   attractiveness of the Insubria Region through the provision of physical   infrastructure, the development and promotion of new tourism   experiences, and the deployment of a standardized Information Technology   infrastructure to support cross-border land management and marketing   operations. Central to this paper is the preliminary design of this   infrastructure that will provide tools for supporting information   generating and consuming among project partners and external   stakeholders. The design phase leverages exclusively Free and Open   Source Software. Alongside the preliminary architecture, both use cases   and user requirements are discussed together with the expected benefits   deriving from the co-creation of best tourism management practices by   means of open and shared software platforms.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-179-2019
1107,InProceedings,Numerical Analysis of Electromechanically Driven Bone Remodeling Using   the Open-source Software Framework,"Natural bone remodeling is the mechanism that regulates the relationship   between bone morphology and external mechanical loads applied to it.   This phenomenon has been studied extensively, including multiple   numerical models that have been formulated to predict the density   distribution and its evolution in several bone types. However, despite   these models, bone remodeling mechanism under different stimuli is still   not well understood. We implemented a recently proposed   electromechanically driven bone remodeling model that encompasses both   mechanical and therapeutic electrical stimuli using an open-source   software framework, and studied a two-dimensional (2D) plate model and a   femur bone model, respectively. For discretization, we employed the   finite element method (FEM) for the spatial quantities and Euler scheme   for the time derivatives. The simulation results demonstrate that the   density distribution is changed under electrical stimulation, generally   resulting in a greater mass deposition. This study supports the   possibility of enhancing and accelerating the bone remodeling process   via simultaneous application of electrical and mechanical stimulus.",10.1109/embc.2019.8856543
1108,InProceedings,OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR SIMULATING COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS OF AUTONOMOUS   ADAPTIVE SENSORS,"Collaborative networks of small satellites will form future   Earth-observing systems. Maximizing the science value of measurements   from such systems will require autonomous decision making with regard to   management of limited resources (i.e. power, communications, and sensor   configuration). The complexity of this decision space warrants the   creation of software tools to aid users in efficient modeling and   simulation of collaborative remote sensing networks. In this paper, we   present a new open-source software library and toolset that has been   specifically designed for simulating such networks. Details of the   object-oriented C++ library are presented with results from example   simulations to confirm that it is able to address this challenge. The   software tools developed offer enhanced simulation capabilities to   developers of future observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs)   with collaborative networks of adaptive sensor platforms.",10.1109/igarss.2019.8898306
1109,InProceedings,OVERVIEW OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY,"In the photogrammetric process of the 3D reconstruction of an object or   a building, multi-image orientation is one of the most important tasks   that often include simultaneous camera calibration. The accuracy of   image orientation and camera calibration significantly affects the   quality and accuracy of all subsequent photogrammetric processes, such   as determining the spatial coordinates of individual points or 3D   modeling. In the context of artificial vision, the full-field analysis   procedure is used, which leads to the so-called Strcture from Motion   (SfM), which includes the simultaneous determination of the camera's   internal and external orientation parameters and the 3D model. The   procedures were designed and developed by means of a photogrammetric   system, but the greatest development and innovation of these procedures   originated from the computer vision from the late 90s, together with the   SfM method. The reconstructions on this method have been useful for   visualization purposes and not for photogrammetry and mapping. Thanks to   advances in computer technology and computer performance, a large number   of images can be automatically oriented in a coordinate system   arbitrarily defined by different algorithms, often available in open   source software (VisualSFM, Bundler, PMVS2, CMVS, etc.) or in the form   of Web services (Microsoft Photosynth, Autodesk 123D Catch, My3DScanner,   etc.). However, it is important to obtain an assessment of the accuracy   and reliability of these automated procedures. This paper presents the   results obtained from the dome low close range photogrammetric surveys   and processed with some open source software using the Structure from   Motion approach: VisualSfM, OpenDroneMap (ODM) and Regard3D.   Photogrammetric surveys have also been processed with the Photoscan   commercial software by Agisoft.   For the photogrammetric survey we used the digital camera Canon EOS M3   (24.2 Megapixel, pixel size 3.72 mm). We also surveyed the dome with the   Faro Focus 3D TLS. Only one scan was carried out, from ground level, at   a resolution setting of 1/4 with 3x quality, corresponding to a   resolution of 7 mm / 10 m. Both TLS point cloud and Photoscan point   cloud were used as a reference to validate the point clouds coming from   VisualSFM, OpenDroneMap and Regards3D. The validation was done using the   Cloud Compare open source software.",10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-239-2019
1110,Article,One-Bit Successive-Cancellation Soft-Output (OSS) Detector for Uplink   MU-MIMO Systems With One-Bit Adcs,"We study an uplink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO)   system with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in which one   base station (BS) with N-r receive antennas serve K users with a single   antenna. For this system, the soft-output (SO) detector was recently   proposed where a soft-metric (e.g., a log-likelihood ratio (LLR)) is   computed from a hard-decision channel output by introducing a novel   distance measure in the binary Hamming space. This makes it possible to   be naturally incorporated into the state-of-the-art channel codes (e.g.,   low-density parity-check code or polar code). In this paper, we further   improve the performance of the SO detector by exploiting a priori   information (e.g., the previously decoded messages), which is called the   one-bit successive-cancellation soft-output (OSS) detector. The key idea   of the proposed OSS detector is that each user k's message is decoded   sequentially via the associated channel decoder k in ascending order and   a refined search-space is constructed using the previously decoded   messages (i.e., the enhanced LLRs are generated). We then present a   multiple OSS detector by taking into account a more practical scenario   where the BS is equipped with multiple channel decoders. In addition, we   propose an efficient way to determine a good decoding order by   introducing a novel set-distance measure. Finally, simulation results   demonstrate that the proposed OSS detector can significantly improve the   existing SO detector for the coded MU-MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs.",10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2901942
1111,Article,Online division of labour: emergent structures in Open Source Software,"The development Open Source Software fundamentally depends on the   participation and commitment of volunteer developers to progress on a   particular task. Several works have presented strategies to increase the   on-boarding and engagement of new contributors, but little is known on   how these diverse groups of developers self-organise to work together.   To understand this, one must consider that, on one hand, platforms like   GitHub provide a virtually unlimited development framework: any number   of actors can potentially join to contribute in a decentralised,   distributed, remote, and asynchronous manner. On the other, however, it   seems reasonable that some sort of hierarchy and division of labour must   be in place to meet human biological and cognitive limits, and also to   achieve some level of efficiency. These latter features (hierarchy and   division of labour) should translate into detectable structural   arrangements when projects are represented as developer-file bipartite   networks. Thus, in this paper we analyse a set of popular open source   projects from GitHub, placing the accent on three key properties:   nestedness, modularity and in-block nestedness - which typify the   emergence of heterogeneities among contributors, the emergence of   subgroups of developers working on specific subgroups of files, and a   mixture of the two previous, respectively. These analyses show that   indeed projects evolve into internally organised blocks. Furthermore,   the distribution of sizes of such blocks is bounded, connecting our   results to the celebrated Dunbar number both in off-and on-line   environments. Our conclusions create a link between bio-cognitive   constraints, group formation and online working environments, opening up   a rich scenario for future research on (online) work team assembly (e.g.   size, composition, and formation). From a complex network perspective,   our results pave the way for the study of time-resolved datasets, and   the design of suitable models that can mimic the growth and evolution of   OSS projects.",10.1038/s41598-019-50463-y
1112,InProceedings,Open Collaborative Data - using OSS principles to share data in SW   engineering,"Reliance on data for software systems engineering is increasing, e.g.,   to train machine learning applications. We foresee increasing costs for   data collection and maintenance, leading to the risk of development   budgets eaten up by commodity features, thus leaving little resources   for differentiation and innovation. We therefore propose Open   Collaborative Data (OCD) - a concept analogous to Open Source Software   (OSS) as a means to share data. In contrast to Open Data (OD), which   e.g., governmental agencies provide to catalyze innovation, OCD is   shared in open collaboration between commercial organizations, similar   to OSS. To achieve this, there is a need for technical infrastructure   (e.g., tools for version and access control), licence models, and   governance models, all of which have to be tailored for data. However,   as data may be sensitive for privacy, anonymization and obfuscation of   data is also a research challenge. In this paper, we define the concept   of Open Collaborative Data, demonstrate it by map data and image   recognition examples, and outline a research agenda for OCD in software   engineering as a basis for more efficient evolution of software systems.",10.1109/ICSE-NIER.2019.00015
1113,InProceedings,Open Design initiatives: an evaluation of CAD Open Source Software,"Many of the developments started by social initiatives (bottom-up),   others are induced by policies (top-down) or even by both (social and   political). Open Design is mainly characterized as a movement generated   by and for the community but could also be nourished by   private/associative initiatives with the community support, and could be   encourage by public entities that perceives Open Design as a flourish   method for innovation and leading for a real democratization of the   manufacturing.   In this paper, three CAD software based on Open Design (rattleCAD, BRL   CAD and FreeCAD) are evaluated, according to the number of downloads   made in SourceFourge, in order to better understand the usage behavior   of these CAD systems. The main findings suggest instability in the short   range and stability in the medium and long range, indicating that the   communities are active and providing attractive solutions. (C) 2019 The   Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.procir.2019.08.001
1114,InProceedings,Open Source Software Community Inclusion Initiatives to Support Women   Participation,"This paper focuses on the inclusion initiatives of Open Source Software   (OSS) Communities to support women who participate in their online   communities. In recent years, media and research has highlighted the   negative experiences of women in OSS and we believe that could be   detrimental to the women of OSS. Therefore, in this research, we built   upon the research that demonstrates the value of Codes of Conduct for   minorities in an online community. Additionally, we focus on women only   spaces in OSS, because past research on women and IT shows that women   perform better when they can build connections and mentoring networks   with other women. We investigated 355 OSS websites for presence of women   only spaces and searched for, collected and analyzed the Codes of   Conduct on the websites of these OSS. Qualitative content analysis of   the websites show that only 12 out of 355 websites have women only   sections. Less than ten percent (28) of the analyzed websites had a code   of conduct.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_7
1115,InProceedings,Open Source Software Vulnerability Propagation Analysis Algorithm based   on Knowledge Graph,"With the extensive reuse of open source components, the scope of   vulnerability impact will have cascade expansion. At the level of   vulnerability data analysis, aiming at the vulnerability propagation   problem, this thesis proposes a hierarchical propagation path search   algorithm based on open source software vulnerability knowledge graph,   at the same time, proposes a heuristic search strategy in both component   layer and class layer to reduce the search space complexity, which is   optimized from exponential down to polynomial. Furthermore, we propose   the optimal blocking concept to represent the cost of repairing the   entire propagation path, in order to measure the severity of the   project's vulnerability. As for the purpose of providing effective   suggestions on vulnerability repairing, we model the optimal blocking   calculation as the network flow minimal separate problem, then calculate   the network maximal flux to obtain the key dependencies with risks.   Finally, multiple case studies with various vulnerability dependent   risks show that the proposed algorithm can find software vulnerabilities   affecting specific projects effectively.",10.1109/SmartCloud.2019.00030
1116,Article,Open Source Software and Firm Productivity,"As open source software (OSS) is increasingly used as a key input by   firms, understanding its impact on productivity becomes critical. This   study measures the firm-level productivity impact of nonpecuniary (free)   OSS and finds a positive and significant value-added return for firms   that have an ecosystem of complementary capabilities. There is no such   impact for firms without this ecosystem of complements. Dynamic panel   analysis, instrumental variables, and a variety of robustness checks are   used to address measurement error concerns and to add support for a more   causal interpretation of the results. For firms with an ecosystem of   complements, a 1\\% increase in the use of nonpecuniary OSS leads to an   increase in value- added productivity of between 0.002\\% and 0.008\\%.   This effect is smaller for larger firms, and the results indicate that   prior research underestimates the amount of IT firms use.",10.1287/mnsc.2017.2977
1117,InProceedings,Open Source Software as a Learning Tool for Computer Science Students,"In this paper authors’ experience of contributing to Open Source Software (OSS) is described. Contributions were done as a part of the OSS course taken at Nazarbayev University during the Spring 2019 term. Two junior bachelors degree students described their experience, motivations to contribute to OSS, selected projects, course structure and the lists of activities they performed. Assessment of this experience by other community members and the course instructor are also reported in this publication. This paper also studies how the course structure can affect people’s ability to make contributions in general.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8_15
1120,Article,Open-Source Software in the Sciences: The Challenge of User Support,"This study examines user support issues concerning open-source software   in computational sciences. The literature suggests that there are three   main problem areas: transparency, learnability, and usability. Looking   at questions asked in user communities for chemistry software projects,   the author found that for software supported by feature-based   documentation, problems of transparency and learnability are prominent,   leading users to have difficulty reconciling disciplinary practices and   values with software operations. For software supported by task-based   documentation, usability problems were more prominent. The author   considers the implications of this study for user support and the role   that technical communication could play in developing and supporting   open-source projects.",10.1177/1050651918780202
1122,Article,OpenIFEM: A High Performance Modular Open-Source Software of the   Immersed Finite Element Method for Fluid-Structure Interactions,"We present a high performance modularly-built open-source software -   OpenIFEM. OpenIFEM is a C++ implementation of the modified immersed   finite element method (mIFEM) to solve fluid-structure interaction (FSI)   problems. This software is modularly built to perform multiple tasks   including fluid dynamics (incompressible and slightly compressible fluid   models), linear and nonlinear solid mechanics, and fully coupled   fluid-structure interactions. Most of open-source software packages are   restricted to certain discretization methods; some are under-tested,   under-documented, and lack modularity as well as extensibility. OpenIFEM   is designed and built to include a set of generic classes for users to   adapt so that any fluid and solid solvers can be coupled through the FSI   algorithm. In addition, the package utilizes well-developed and tested   libraries. It also comes with standard test cases that serve as software   and algorithm validation. The software can be built on cross-platform,   i.e., Linux, Windows, and Mac OS, using CMake. Efficient parallelization   is also implemented for high-performance computing for large-sized   problems. OpenIFEM is documented using Doxygen and publicly available to   download on GitHub. It is expected to benefit the future development of   FSI algorithms and be applied to a variety of FSI applications.",10.32604/cmes.2019.04318
1123,InProceedings,Opportunity Costs in Free Open-Source Software,"Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics to express the value one   misses out on when choosing one alternative over another. This concept   is used to explain rational decision making in a scenario where multiple   mutually exclusive alternative choices can be made. In this paper, we   explore this concept in the realm of open-source software. We look at   the different ways for measuring the cost and these can be used to   support decisions involving open-source software. We review literature   on opportunity cost use in decision support in software development   process. We explain how the opportunity cost analysis in the realm of   open-source software can be used for supporting architectural decisions   within software projects. We demonstrate that different measures of   costs can be used to mitigate problems (and maintenance complexity)   arising from the use of open source software, allowing for better   planning of both closed-source commercial and open-source community   projects alike.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_13
1124,Article,Overcoming Social Barriers When Contributing to Open Source Software   Projects,"An influx of newcomers is critical to the survival, long-term success,   and continuity of many Open Source Software (OSS) community-based   projects. However, newcomers face many barriers when making their first   contribution, leading in many cases to dropouts. Due to the   collaborative nature of community-based OSS projects, newcomers may be   susceptible to social barriers, such as communication breakdowns and   reception issues. In this article, we report a two-phase study aimed at   better understanding social barriers faced by newcomers. In the first   phase, we qualitatively analyzed the literature and data collected from   practitioners to identify barriers that hinder newcomers' first   contribution. We designed a model composed of 58 barriers, including 13   social barriers. In the second phase, based on the barriers model, we   developed FLOSScoach, a portal to support newcomers making their first   contribution. We evaluated the portal in a diary-based study and found   that the portal guided the newcomers and reduced the need for   communication. Our results provide insights for communities that want to   support newcomers and lay a foundation for building better onboarding   tools. The contributions of this paper include identifying and gathering   empirical evidence of social barriers faced by newcomers; understanding   how social barriers can be reduced or avoided by using a portal that   organizes proper information for newcomers (FLOSScoach); presenting   guidelines for communities and newcomers on how to reduce or avoid   social barriers; and identifying new streams of research.",10.1007/s10606-018-9335-z
1126,Article,PES-Learn: An Open-Source Software Package for the Automated Generation   of Machine Learning Models of Molecular Potential Energy Surfaces,We introduce a free and open-source software package (PES-Learn) which   largely automates the process of producing high-quality machine learning   models of molecular potential energy surfaces (PESs). PES-Learn   incorporates a generalized framework for producing grid points across a   PES that is compatible with most electronic structure theory software.   The newly generated or externally supplied PES data can then be used to   train and optimize neural network or Gaussian process models in a   completely automated fashion. Robust hyperparameter optimization schemes   designed specifically for molecular PES applications are implemented to   ensure that the best possible model for the data set is fit with high   quality. The performance of PES-Learn toward fitting a few semiglobal   PESs from the literature is evaluated. We also demonstrate the use of   PES-Learn machine learning models in carrying out high-level vibrational   configuration interaction computations on water and formaldehyde.,10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00312
1127,InProceedings,Please Help! A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Social Proof and   Legitimization of Paltry Contributions in Donations to OSS,"Open source communities have contributed widely to modern software   development. The number of open source software (OSS) has increased   rapidly in the past two decades. Most open source foundations (such as   Eclipse, Mozilla and Apache) operate as non-profit; those foundations   usually seek donations from users/developers to financially support   their activities. Without such support, some projects might discontinue   to develop, or even disappear. However, contributions to those   foundations are usually solicited in a very simple and modest way, with   no special promotions or attractions for such contributions. The aim of   this study is to promote new strategies that can help to increase   donations to OSS projects. We analyzed how existing donation pages are   structured. We then introduce behavioral economics and psychological   theories that have been used in other disciplines to promote donations   in OSS. In particular, we used the social proof theory, i.e., where   people tend to consider the actions of others in an attempt to reflect   correct behavior when they choose their own actions, and legitimization   of paltry contributions strategy i.e., using specific phrases such as   ``even a very small amount will help{''} to encourage donations. In this   study, we conducted an experiment with University students to examine if   those theories are effective in encouraging donations to OSS. Our   initial results indicate that the two strategies were indeed effective   in promoting donations, and showed that users were more open for   donation compared to traditional methods. This is only a preliminary   analysis - we aim to include more users in the future for a more   comprehensive analysis. We anticipate that such techniques might help   OSS projects to secure more donations in the future.",10.1109/saner.2019.8667974
1128,InProceedings,Proactive Data Centre \\& Network Room Overheating Management System   (DCNROMS) Utilizing Open Source Software and Tools,"Data centre equipment are very sensitive and susceptible to   environmental damage from excessive heat. Power outages can lead to   overheated servers in a matter of minutes. It is therefore mandatory to   monitor the ambient temperature of the data centre or network room   continuously and take necessary action if temperature exceeds the   threshold limit. Manual 24x7 monitoring requires additional man power   and is not an efficient approach. The paper presents an effective and   cost efficient mechanism to automate this process using open source   software's and tools. We have utilized the inbuilt temperature sensing   capabilities of the managed network switches to build such a system.   Thus the system has been designed without the use of additional   temperature monitoring sensors. The system has been implemented in our   organization and has helped in reducing the failure rate of the network   switches from 2\\% to 0\\%, thus helping in maintaining 99.98\\% uptime of   the network.",10.1109/icaccs.2019.8728393
1129,InProceedings,Promoting community participation in thematic mapping processes by   simplifying the free software tool OSMTracker for Android,"Social cartography empowers communities to create maps that represent   their own perspectives about their surrounding environment. Thematic   mapping aims at making visible physical space features corresponding to   particular interests, for example: hydrants, accessibility, or public   transportation. Information and communication technologies bring these   mapping process to the digital realm, streamlining the management of   maps and expanding its application opportunities. Free software tools   for geospatial data and information management contribute to mapping   processes by encouraging collaboration through the reduction of entry   barriers, which can range from economical hurdles to data privacy   related issues. OSMTracker for Android is a free software geospatial   data capturing tool that runs on the Android operating system. The   tool's user interface can be customized to match specific data capturing   needs for different communities and purposes, making it widely used   globally for thematic mapping. However, this customization requires   specific technical skills, imposing a usability limitation for the tech   unsavvy collaborators. This paper presents an improvement in OSMTracker   to simplify loading and sharing custom buttons layouts. In addition, the   paper discusses briefly the experiences of facilitating two mapping   workshops carried out using the improved tool.",10.1109/jocici48395.2019.9105207
1130,Article,QSAR-Co: An Open Source Software for Developing Robust Multitasking or   Multitarget Classification-Based QSAR Models,"Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) modeling is a   well-known computational technique with wide applications in fields such   as drug design, toxicity predictions, nanomaterials, etc. However, QSAR   researchers still face certain problems to develop robust   classification-based QSAR models, especially while handling response   data pertaining to diverse experimental and/or theoretical conditions.   In the present work, we have developed an open source standalone   software ``QSAR-Co{''} (available to download at https://sites.   google.com/view/qsar-co) to setup classification-based QSAR models that   allow mining the response data coming from multiple conditions. The   software comprises two modules: (1) the Model development module and (2)   the Screen/Predict module. This user-friendly software provides several   functionalities required for developing a robust multitasking or   multitarget classification-based QSAR model using linear discriminant   analysis or random forest techniques, with appropriate validation,   following the principles set by the Organisation for Economic   Co-operation and Development (OECD) for applying QSAR models in   regulatory assessments.",10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00295
1131,InProceedings,Quality and Success in Open Source Software: A Systematic Mapping,"As the number of available Open Source Software (OSS) and the interest   they attract are increasing, numerous product attributes are provided to   developers and users for evaluating the quality and success of an OSS.   Accordingly, various articles in the literature assess the quality and   success of OSS, by using different quality attributes and metrics and   different approaches. Though this variety can be considered as a   positive indicator of research interest and maturation on one side, it   creates a kind of jungle in defining and understanding the terms   `quality' and `success' on the other side. Based on this challenge, in   this study, we targeted a systematic mapping (SM) of the articles on   quality and success of OSS. More than 474 articles have appeared in this   area between the years 2002 and 2017, and the final pool of 128 articles   is obtained by defining and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.   SM was employed to develop a classification scheme and categorized the   existing body of articles with respect to five research questions (RQs)   on: contribution and research types, quality criteria and metrics,   success criteria and metrics, the relation of quality and success, and   demographics. We observed that the majority of the articles assess the   concept of quality as `code quality', whereas the concept of success is   mostly perceived as `market success' and/or `developer activity'.   Moreover, the metrics of `contributing developers/users', and the   quality attribute of `functionality' are the quality criteria most   employed in the assessment of success.",10.1109/SEAA.2019.00062
1132,InCollection,Quantitative Measurements of Curvature Along the Growth Axis in Tropic   Responses Using Free Software Environments,"Tropic responses in plants have usually been studied by measuring   changes in the deflection angle of the organ tip. However, the   measurement of other geometric parameters, such as curvature along the   entire length, may give us better understanding of tropic responses,   particularly in shoots. Here, we describe methods for obtaining   quantitative measurements of local curvature and other parameters based   on digital images of bending Arabidopsis hypocotyls using the free   software packages, ImageJ and R.",10.1007/978-1-4939-9015-3\\_19
1133,Article,Rapid Analysis of Diagnostic and Antimicrobial Patterns in R (RadaR):   Interactive Open-Source Software App for Infection Management and   Antimicrobial Stewardship,"Background: Analyzing process and outcome measures for all patients   diagnosed with an infection in a hospital, including those suspected of   having an infection, requires not only processing of large datasets but   also accounting for numerous patient parameters and guidelines.   Substantial technical expertise is required to conduct such rapid,   reproducible, and adaptable analyses; however, such analyses can yield   valuable insights for infection management and antimicrobial stewardship   (AMS) teams.   Objective: The aim of this study was to present the design, development,   and testing of RadaR (Rapid analysis of diagnostic and antimicrobial   patterns in R), a software app for infection management, and to   ascertain whether RadaR can facilitate user-friendly, intuitive, and   interactive analyses of large datasets in the absence of prior in-depth   software or programming knowledge.   Methods: RadaR was built in the open-source programming language R,   using Shiny, an additional package to implement Web-app frameworks in R.   It was developed in the context of a 1339-bed academic tertiary referral   hospital to handle data of more than 180,000 admissions.   Results: RadaR enabled visualization of analytical graphs and   statistical summaries in a rapid and interactive manner. It allowed   users to filter patient groups by 17 different criteria and investigate   antimicrobial use, microbiological diagnostic use and results including   antimicrobial resistance, and outcome in length of stay. Furthermore,   with RadaR, results can be stratified and grouped to compare defined   patient groups on the basis of individual patient features.   Conclusions: AMS teams can use RadaR to identify areas within their   institutions that might benefit from increased support and targeted   interventions. It can be used for the assessment of diagnostic and   therapeutic procedures and for visualizing and communicating analyses.   RadaR demonstrated the feasibility of developing software tools for use   in infection management and for AMS teams in an open-source approach,   thus making it free to use and adaptable to different settings.",10.2196/12843
1134,Article,Refinement and resolution of just-in-time requirements in open source   software and a closer look into non-functional requirements,"Just-in-time (JIT) requirements are characterized as not following the   traditional requirement engineering approach, instead focusing on   elaboration when the implementation begins. In this experience report,   which is an invited extension of a recently published work {[}1], we   first analyze both functional and non-functional JIT requirements from   three successful open source software (OSS) projects, including Firefox,   Lucene, and Mylyn, to explore the common activities that shaped those   requirements. We identify a novel refinement and resolution process that   all studied requirements followed from their inception to complete   realization and subsequent release. Noticing some interesting phenomena   more specific to non-functional requirements (NFRs), we conduct a second   study examining 50 NFRs from the aforementioned three subject systems.   This study reveals a slightly different process followed in the   refinement and resolution of NFRs. It also provides further evidence   that NFR refinement and resolution activities focus more on   implementation refinement rather than requirement elaboration in the   studied systems. Our research provides new insights into how OSS project   teams create quality features from simple initial descriptions of JIT   requirements, uncovers activities more particular to JIT requirements   engineering (RE) for NFRs, and opens new avenues for further research in   the emerging JIT RE field.",10.1016/j.jii.2018.03.001
1135,InProceedings,Registration of the Creep Behavior by Embedded and Surface Mounted FOSS,"Epoxy resins are widely used to connect various structural elements made   of polymer composite materials. The integrity of the critical components   depends on the strength and durability of such compounds. At the same   time, epoxy resins have pronounced viscoelastic properties. An   experimental study was conducted of the possibility of using fiber-optic   strain sensors to register the viscoelastic behavior of materials. The   fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was used as a sensor. The main objectives of   this study were: registration of material creep (growth of strain with   time at constant external load) and subsequent (after removal of load)   recovery of strain using surface mounted and embedded fiber-optic strain   sensors.",10.1088/1757-899X/581/1/012043
1136,Article,Relevance of the Cell Neighborhood Size in Landscape Metrics Evaluation   and Free or Open Source Software Implementations,"Landscape metrics constitute one of the main tools for the study of the   changes of the landscape and of the ecological structure of a region.   The most popular software for landscape metrics evaluation is FRAGSTATS,   which is free to use but does not have free or open source software   (FOSS). Therefore, FOSS implementations, such as QGIS's LecoS plugin and   GRASS' r.li modules suite, were developed. While metrics are defined in   the same way, the ``cell neighborhood{''} parameter, specifying the   configuration of the moving window used for the analysis, is managed   differently: FRAGSTATS can use values of 4 or 8 (8 is default), LecoS   uses 8 and r.li 4. Tests were performed to evaluate the landscape   metrics variability depending on the ``cell neighborhood{''} values:   some metrics, such as ``edge density{''} and ``landscape shape   index{''}, do not change, other, for example ``patch number{''}, ``patch   density{''}, and ``mean patch area{''}, vary up to 100\\% for real maps   and 500\\% for maps built to highlight this variation. A review of the   scientific literature was carried out to check how often the value of   the ``cell neighborhood{''} parameter is explicitly declared. A method   based on the ``aggregation index{''} is proposed to estimate the effect   of the uncertainty on the ``cell neighborhood{''} parameter on landscape   metrics for different maps.",10.3390/ijgi8120586
1137,Article,Reliability analysis of open source software systems considering the effect of previously released version,"In this study, reliability analysis of open source software in an imperfect debugging environment has been discussed by considering the effect of detection rate and the remaining faults in successive releases. First, a modified non-homogeneous Poisson process model is developed in an imperfect debugging environment by assuming that new faults may be introduced in fault detection and correction process. Then, the detection rate and remaining faults of previous release are considered in the modeling and analysis of reliability of the current release. The optimal version-update time is computed using multi-attribute utility theory for these software systems, considering the two main utility factors, namely, rapid release strategy and level of reliability. The proposed models are verified on real data sets and are compared with other existing models. The proposed decision models may be helpful for the software developing management to decide the optimal version update time for open source software.",10.1080/1206212X.2018.1497575
1139,InProceedings,Risk Management in Projects Based on Open-Source Software,"Reusing software components from third-party vendors is one of the key   technologies to gain shorter time-to-market and better quality of the   software system. These components, also known as OTS (Off-the-Shelf)   components, come in two types: COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) and OSS   (Open-Source Software). To utilize OSS components effectively, it is   necessary to figure out how the development processes and methods to be   adapted. Most current studies are either theoretical proposals without   empirical assessment or case studies in similar project contexts. It is   therefore necessary to conduct more empirical studies on how process   improvement and risk management can be performed and what are the   results in various project contexts.",10.1145/3316615.3316648
1141,InProceedings,Sentiment Analysis of Open Source Software Community Mailing List: A   Preliminary Analysis,Open source software has become increasingly popular with companies   looking to create business value through collaboration with distributed   communities of organizations and software developers who rely on mailing   lists to review code and share their feedback. This preliminary study   reports on the sentiment analysis of the Data Plane Development Kit   (DPDK.org) mailing list to identify and interpret patterns of sentiment   during a release-cycle in 2018.,10.1145/3306446.3340824
1143,InProceedings,Setting Up Government 3.0 Solutions Based on Open Source Software: The   Case of X-Road,"Government 3.0, which builds on openness and transparency, sharing,   increased communication and collaboration, government reorganization   through integration and interoperability, and use of new technologies,   is an emerging concept in eGovernance. However, few systems that qualify   as Government 3.0 have been described in detail so far. And there is a   lack of research on how governments can put in place such systems. This   study investigates and characterizes an innovative eGovernment project,   based on Open Source Software (OSS), that could be considered as an   example of a Government 3.0 project. Therefore, we report from a case   study of X-Road, an originally Estonian eGovernment project for creating   a data sharing infrastructure, which today is also used in other   countries. We present the main characteristics of X-Road from the point   of view of Government 3.0, how the X-Road project is organized, compare   its organization to other OSS projects, identify who contributes to the   project, and point out what challenges are perceived by their   stakeholders. We conclude offering some reflections on how X-Road and   other Government 3.0 projects can benefit from OSS.",10.1007/978-3-030-27325-5\\_6
1144,InProceedings,Setting Up Government 3.0 Solutions Based on Open Source Software: The Case of X-Road,"Government 3.0, which builds on openness and transparency, sharing, increased communication and collaboration, government reorganization through integration and interoperability, and use of new technologies, is an emerging concept in eGovernance. However, few systems that qualify as Government 3.0 have been described in detail so far. And there is a lack of research on how governments can put in place such systems. This study investigates and characterizes an innovative eGovernment project, based on Open Source Software (OSS), that could be considered as an example of a Government 3.0 project. Therefore, we report from a case study of X-Road, an originally Estonian eGovernment project for creating a data sharing infrastructure, which today is also used in other countries. We present the main characteristics of X-Road from the point of view of Government 3.0, how the X-Road project is organized, compare its organization to other OSS projects, identify who contributes to the project, and point out what challenges are perceived by their stakeholders. We conclude offering some reflections on how X-Road and other Government 3.0 projects can benefit from OSS.",10.1007/978-3-030-27325-5_6
1145,Article,Sharing my way to success: A case study on developing entrepreneurial   ventures using social capital in an OSS community,"While Open Source Software (OSS) communities provide opportunities for   knowledge creation, we have a limited understanding of how entrepreneurs   leverage OSS communities for their entrepreneurial ventures. Using   social capital theory in a mixed methods case study, we compare   entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur behaviors to investigate how   entrepreneurs build social capital within an OSS community. This study   shows that entrepreneurs differentiate themselves from non-entrepreneurs   by focusing on cognitive and relational capital building activities,   which in return makes it possible for them to leverage their social   capital to influence and shape the environment in which they are   operating. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs strategically select   which activities within the community to expend their limited resources   on (e.g., developing code over participating in email conversations) and   build their social capital more through their actions than through their   words (e.g., showing their commitment to the community through code   commits, bug fixes, and documentation). Given the liabilities of newness   and smallness as well as other challenges faced by entrepreneurs,   applying an open innovation strategy in OSS communities could be one   approach where entrepreneurs, by developing and freely revealing their   intellectual property to the community, share their way to success via   OSS-infused entrepreneurial business ventures.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.12.001
1147,Article,ShuTu: Open-Source Software for Efficient and Accurate Reconstruction of   Dendritic Morphology,"Neurons perform computations by integrating inputs from thousands of   synapses-mostly in the dendritic tree-to drive action potential firing   in the axon. One fruitful approach to studying this process is to record   from neurons using patch-clamp electrodes, fill the recorded neurons   with a substance that allows subsequent staining, reconstruct the   three-dimensional architectures of the dendrites, and use the resulting   functional and structural data to develop computer models of dendritic   integration. Accurately producing quantitative reconstructions of   dendrites is typically a tedious process taking many hours of manual   inspection and measurement. Here we present ShuTu, a new software   package that facilitates accurate and efficient reconstruction of   dendrites imaged using bright-field microscopy. The program operates in   two steps: (1) automated identification of dendritic processes, and (2)   manual correction of errors in the automated reconstruction. This   approach allows neurons with complex dendritic morphologies to be   reconstructed rapidly and efficiently, thus facilitating the use of   computer models to study dendritic structure-function relationships and   the computations performed by single neurons.",10.3389/fninf.2019.00068
1148,Article,Social change in open source software,"You may know Intel only as a hardware company, and in many ways this is true. Intel's core business is semiconductor design and manufacturing. What may be news to you is that Intel has spent close to two decades working in the open source software community, collaborating on projects that enhance Intel Architecture and advocating for the beauty, elegance, and possibilities that exist within open source software development.",NA
1149,Article,StoX: An open source software for marine survey analyses,"Scientists across the globe conduct survey programs to monitor and   characterize abundance, population structure, biodiversity and   geographical distributions. To assess the state of marine fish and   zooplankton, population surveys are often repeated annually using   standardized sampling protocols and analysis techniques to establish   trustworthy stock status. However, although transparency and   repeatability are recognised as important principles of this process, it   is often difficult to obtain comprehensive documentation of metadata and   data processing steps. This is particularly challenging for workflows   that include manual processing steps. StoX was principally built to   process research-vessel survey data, and we have included several   standard survey estimation models. The software was developed to be   robust and versatile and aimed at the open source community, such that   users could easily build their own models. StoX is fully integrated with   R to utilize the large number of R-packages and enable any StoX function   and stock estimation model to be controlled using R. There has been a   large need for a freely available software for research-vessel survey   estimation, and StoX is tested in surveys carried out in four continents   and is the official tool for many important fish stock surveys. The   basic workflow and transparency principles of StoX, together with a   customizable GUI, makes StoX applicable for any geographically coded   surveys. Future versions of StoX will include statistical models to   estimate the catch composition in commercial fisheries. In fields such   as conservation management, there is also a need to document the   estimation methods, and additional estimation and analyses models,   including biodiversity indices are currently implemented. In parallel,   we envision a closer web service integration with existing international   and national data centres.",10.1111/2041-210X.13250
1150,InProceedings,Streamlining Value in a FOSS Project,"Today, different actors, such as developers, supporters, companies or   public entities, contribute in different ways to non-profit open source   software projects. The majority of them is contributing for individual   and personal reasons, aiming to create (intangible) value that is   important to themselves. Besides that, users are today often not   directly involved in the development process. This results in the need   to have a software and management structure that actively aligns these   different actors, pays respect to their needs, and involves them in the   software creation process. We present the case of Catrobat and how   different influences, e.g., by contributors, users, or stakeholders,   affect the project and its development. We outline the challenges that   occur in practice when it comes to an open software project situated in   a complex ecosystem of different actors and highlight the requirements   on such a project and how they are encountered in the presented case.",10.1145/3344948.3344976
1152,Article,Structural characteristics of dietary fiber (Vigna radiata L. hull) and   its inhibitory effect on phospholipid digestion as an additive in fish   floss,"The insoluble and soluble dietary fiber were enzymatically extracted   from the by-product of Vigna radiata L. and their structures were   characterized by scan electronic microscope, Fourier transform infrared   spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The distinctive surface and   chemical structural features endow the dietary fiber good absorbing   capacity and antioxidant acitivity. Afterwards, a popular snack, fish   floss, was fortified with the proposed dietary fiber. The recently   developed rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry was   successfully applied to study the effect of dietary fiber on fish floss   digestion in the term of phospholipid. The results showed that the   hydrolysis rate of phospholipids increased as the degree of unsaturation   of the fatty acyl chain increased, while the addition of soluble dietary   fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) effectively slowed down   the digestion rate of phospholipids. This study can guide for   comprehensive utilization of byproduct of Vigna radiata L. and designing   novel weight control diets.",10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.016
1154,Article,Successful traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection using   dental floss and a clip for a huge superficial nonampullary duodenal   epithelial tumor with severe fibrosis (with video),"Recently, traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using   a clip and thread was reported as useful for treating lesions in the   esophagus, stomach, and colorectum in terms of shortening the duration   of the procedures and reducing the risk of intraoperative perforation.   However, no traction method using the thread and clip for duodenal ESD   as described in this article has been reported to date. We report a case   in which traction-assisted ESD using dental floss and a clip was   successfully performed on a huge superficial nonampullary duodenal   epithelial tumor accompanied by severe fibrosis caused by preoperative   biopsies. A 65-year-old woman had a 55-mm flat-elevated tumor in the   second part of the duodenum. Severe fibrosis of the submucosal layer was   expected due to repeated biopsies at the same site by the patient's   previous endoscopist. We selected ESD for this lesion, and the initial   incision was started from the side proximal to the lesion, but it was   difficult to insert the scope under the submucosal layer directly   beneath the biopsy scar. Therefore, traction with an endoclip and dental   floss was performed to lift the lesion. Excellent traction allowed safe   resection of the fibrotic part under accurate visual observation.   Finally, the lesion was resected en bloc without adverse events.   Traction-assisted ESD using dental floss and a clip is likely to be an   effective adjunctive technique for quick, safe, and successful resection   of lesions in the duodenum on which it is difficult to perform ordinary   ESD and that have a high probability of intraoperative perforation and   massive bleeding.",10.1002/jgh3.12118
1155,InProceedings,TWINS - This Workflow Is Not Scrum: Agile process adaptation for Open   Source Software projects,"It is becoming commonplace for companies to contribute to open source   software (OSS) projects. At the same time, many software organizations   are applying Scrum software development practices, for productivity and   quality gains. Scrum calls for self-organizing teams, in which the   development team has total control over its development process.   However, OSS projects typically have their own processes and standards,   which might not mesh well with a company's internal processes, such as   Scrum. This paper presents an experience report from Sony Interactive   Entertainment (SIE), where the ``toolchain CPU compiler{''} team   directly participates in the ``LLVM{''} OSS project. The team ran into a   number of difficulties when using Scrum to manage their development. In   particular, the team often failed to complete Scrum sprints where tasks   required interaction with the open source community. We look at how the   team redefined task flows to alleviate these difficulties, and   eventually evolved a highly modified process, dubbed TWINS (This   Workflow Is Not Scrum). We assess the revised process, and compare it to   other established agile methods, finding it bears a strong resemblance   to Scrumban (the SIE team was not aware of Scrumban previously). The   TWINS framework presented here may help other organizations who develop   software in-house and engage in OSS projects, to gain the best of both   worlds.",10.1109/ICSSP.2019.00014
1157,InProceedings,Teaching Software Engineering with Free Open Source Software   Development: An Experience Report,"We report on the design and delivery of a senior Software Engineering   course within the limits of a Computer Science program. The course is   structured around a collaboration with a large, active Free Open Source   Software project. We show how this structure allows us to (a)   incorporate principles of Project Based Learning and of Service   Learning, reaping the benefits of these pedagogies, (b) effectively,   using a hands-on approach, teach a number of essential topics in   Software Engineering, (c) provide the students with a capstone project   experience, given the lack of one in our curriculum, and (d) use the   project as a powerful motivating factor for the students.   We outline the experiences of the course instructor, of the teaching   assistants team, and of the students of the course. We also describe the   experience of the lead developers of this open source project, and   report on the benefits and costs (time commitment) to the project.",NA
1158,InProceedings,Test data distribution system for OSS/BSS-systems testing,"OSS/BSS-systems used by telecommunication companies to conduct their   business are a combination of several subsystems that closely interact   with each other. Since the activities of telecommunications companies   are related to the processing of personal data of individuals and legal   entities, such systems should be subjected to testing, which should   continue until the end of the life cycle. The huge size of   telecommunications companies' databases, as well as the number of tests   required to cover the entire functionality of OSS/BSS-systems are an   obstacle to conducting rapid testing. This article describes an approach   to testing organization that solves this problem, based on the selection   and keeping the test data up to date. The effectiveness of the proposed   approach has been demonstrated experimentally.",10.1051/itmconf/20193004004
1159,Article,The <i>blenderFace</i> method: video-based measurement of raw movement   data during facial expressions of emotion using open-source software,"This article proposes an optical measurement of movement applied to data   from video recordings of facial expressions of emotion. The approach   offers a way to capture motion adapted from the film industry in which   markers placed on the skin of the face can be tracked with a   pattern-matching algorithm. The method records and postprocesses raw   facial movement data (coordinates per frame) of distinctly placed   markers and is intended for use in facial expression research (e.g.,   microexpressions) in laboratory settings. Due to the explicit use of   specifically placed, artificial markers, the procedure offers the   simultaneous measurement of several emotionally relevant markers in a   (psychometrically) objective and artifact-free way, even for facial   regions without natural landmarks (e.g., the cheeks). In addition, the   proposed procedure is fully based on open-source software and is   transparent at every step of data processing. Two worked examples   demonstrate the practicability of the proposed procedure: In Study   1(N=39), the participants were instructed to show the emotions   happiness, sadness, disgust, and anger, and in Study 2 (N=113), they   were asked to present both a neutral face and the emotions happiness,   disgust, and fear. Study 2 involved the simultaneous tracking of 14   markers for approximately 12 min per participant with a time resolution   of 33 ms. The measured facial movements corresponded closely to the   assumptions of established measurement instruments (EMFACS, FACSAID,   Friesen \\& Ekman, 1983; Ekman \\& Hager, 2002). In addition, the   measurement was found to be very precise with sub-second, sub-pixel, and   sub-millimeter accuracy.",10.3758/s13428-018-1085-9
1160,InProceedings,The Metrics to Evaluate the Health Status of OSS Projects Based on   Factor Analysis,"As open-source software (OSS) development is becoming a trend, an   increasing number of businesses and developers are joining OSS projects.   For project managers, developers and users, understanding the current   health status of a project is very important to manage a development   process, select the open-source projects to development or to adopt the   software packages developed by projects. Therefore, an efficient   approach to evaluate the health status of the open-source project is   needed. Unfortunately, although many approaches including metrics have   been proposed, they are designed in arbitrary ways. In this paper, a   math ematical tool, i.e., factor analysis, is used to build a health   evaluation model for OSS projects. As far as we know, this is the first   time that factor analysis has been applied to evaluate OSS projects.   This model is based on GitHub data and uses the basic indexes that are   closely related to the health status of the projects as the input. Then,   six new synthetic metrics, namely community activity, project   popularity, development activity, completeness, responsiveness and   persistence are obtained through factor analysis, which can be used to   calculate the overall health score of a project. Moreover, in order to   verify the effectiveness of this model, it is applied to some real   projects and the results show that the overall scores achieved by this   model can reflect the health status of the projects.",10.1007/978-981-15-1377-0\\_56
1161,Article,"The Uranie platform: an open-source software for optimisation,   meta-modelling and uncertainty analysis","The high-performance computing resources and the constant improvement of   both numerical simulation accuracy and the experimental measurements   with which they are confronted bring a new compulsory step to strengthen   the credence given to the simulation results: uncertainty   quantification. This can have different meanings, according to the   requested goals (rank uncertainty sources, reduce them, estimate   precisely a critical threshold or an optimal working point), and it   could request mathematical methods with greater or lesser complexity.   This paper introduces the Uranie platform, an open-source framework   developed at the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission   (CEA), in the nuclear energy division, in order to deal with uncertainty   propagation, surrogate models, optimisation issues, code calibration,   etc. This platform benefits from both its dependencies and from personal   developments, to offer an efficient data handling model, a C++ and   Python interface, advanced graphi graphical tools, several   parallelisation solutions, etc. These methods can then be applied to   many kinds of code (considered as black boxes by Uranie) so to many   fields of physics as well. In this paper, the example of thermal   exchange between a plate-sheet and a fluid is introduced to show how   Uranie can be used to perform a large range of analysis.",10.1051/epjn/2018050
1162,Article,The Use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images and   Open-Source Software for Cultural Heritage: An Example from Paphos Area   in Cyprus for Mapping Landscape Changes after a 5.6 Magnitude Earthquake,"Active satellite remote sensors have emerged in the last years in the   field of archaeology, providing new tools for monitoring extensive   cultural heritage landscapes and areas. These active sensors, namely   synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, provide systematic datasets   for mapping land movements triggered from earthquakes, landslides, and   so on. Copernicus, the European program for monitoring the environment,   provides continuous radar datasets through the Sentinel-1 mission with   an almost worldwide coverage. This paper aims to demonstrate how the use   of open-access and freely distributed datasets such as those under the   Copernicus umbrella, along with the exploitation of open-source radar   processing software, namely the sentinel applications platform (SNAP)   and SNAPHU tools, provided respectively by the European Space Agency   (ESA) and the University of Stanford, can be used to extract an SAR   interferogram in the wider area of Paphos, located in the western part   of Cyprus. The city includes various heritage sites and monuments, some   of them already included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. The   interferogram was prepared to study the effects of an earthquake to the   buildings and sites of the area. The earthquake of a 5.6 magnitude on   the Richter scale was triggered on 15 April 2015 and was strongly felt   throughout the whole island. The interferogram results were based on   Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (D-InSAR)   methodology, finding a maximum uplift of 74 mm and a maximum subsidence   of 31 mm. The overall process and methodology are presented in this   paper.",10.3390/rs11151766
1163,Article,The adoption of open source software in {Uganda}: {Analyzing} stakeholders and their underlying interests,"•The executive branch, the legislature, and international donor agencies are the key stakeholders associated with OSS.•Primary stake holders include Telecommunications companies, proprietors of OSS-based companies, and OSS communities.•Secondary stakeholders include international organizations, local NGOs, universities, lecturers, instructors, and students.•ICT stakeholders were motivated by multiple but complimentary interests.",10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.05.002
1164,Article,The context and state of open source software adoption in US academic   libraries,"Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers and drivers to   open source software (OSS) adoption, and measures awareness and adoption   stages of OSS in US academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach An   online survey of chief information officers, chief technology officers   or heads for IT in US academic libraries was conducted. A total number   of 179 responses were used for data analysis. Findings From the survey,   the authors identify significant barriers and drivers that US academic   libraries may consider before adopting OSS and found that awareness   itself is not a barrier. While about half of respondents confirmed using   OSS, the authors found surprisingly low levels of intent to adopt from   current non-adopters. Practical implications - This research offers   insights for promoting OSS adoption. Also, it provides funding agencies   and administrators with guidelines to encourage successful deployment of   OSS in higher education. Originality/value While extant research is   mostly anecdotal, this research draws from an online survey to snap-shot   the current state of OSS adoption in US academic libraries and provides   a baseline for practice and research.",10.1108/LHT-02-2019-0042
1166,Article,The meaning of sharing in free software and beyond,"This study brings together findings about two contexts of sharing in   order to explore the meaning of the word in the digital environment.   First, this study is based on ethnographic research of free software   projects and uses the resulting thick description to determine the   meaning of sharing in this context. Second, the current literature on   sharing usually takes user-generated content (UGC) platforms as its   empirical reference, resulting in identifying a distinct meaning of   sharing in this context. By combining the two sets of findings into a   single narrative, this study makes three points: (1) the academic   discourse on free software conceptualizing it as a form of gift-giving   antithetical to the ways of capitalist production needs to be revised;   (2) the use of sharing in the context of UGC platforms relies heavily on   references to the culture of free software; (3) although representatives   from both contexts claim to be taking part in the same sharing   practices, there are substantial differences in the type of information   being shared, the explicitness of the sharing mechanisms, and the   organizational context of monetization of the shared objects.",10.1080/1369118X.2017.1418016
1167,Article,To the Development of Open Source Software for the Reconstruction of CAD   Models,"In this paper, we describe an open source software package aimed at   solving reverse engineering problems for CAD models defined in polygonal   form. We briefly discuss the main principles behind the new software,   its architecture, and directions for its further development. The use of   the software is illustrated by examples of a turbine blade. In the first   example, the turbine blade is reconstructed automatically from a   structured point cloud. Another example is the interactive   reconstruction of the turbine blade from an unstructured surface   triangulation. In both the cases, we use a surface skinning strategy   enhanced by a curve fairing operator. We show that the modified skinning   operator does not minimize the total bending energy of the surface, but   yields a smooth patch where input inaccuracies are compensated for. The   reconstruction result is a parametric model of the turbine blade where   the design variables are the coordinates of the poles for each profile   curve. The proposed software architecture can be used for partial or   complete parameterization of reconstructed CAD models with the aim of   their subsequent optimization.",10.1134/S036176881904008X
1168,Article,Toward Solving Social and Technical Problems in Open Source Software   Ecosystems Using Cause-and-Effect Analysis to Disentangle the Causes of   Complex Problems,"Many open source software (OSS) products today are market leaders, 1 which suggests that the development of OSS is key to the growth of the software industry. OSS projects increasingly tend to be incorporated in large-scale projects or ""software ecosystems"" to reduce effort and accelerate innovation.",10.1109/MS.2018.2874323
1169,Article,Toward the Health Measure for Open Source Software Ecosystem Via   Projection Pursuit and Real-Coded Accelerated Genetic,"The benign development of Open-source Software Ecosystem (or OSSE) helps   to fuse the wisdom of the community. It can facilitate the development   and solve the urgent application needs of large-scale complex software   systems. To guarantee that an OSSE is stable and effective for   supporting the application development, health assessment for an OSSE   has become a research hotspot. In this paper, starting from a new   perspective, the OSSE is compared with the ecosystem in the natural   world. An OSSE health measure method is proposed by integrating   projection pursuit and real-coded accelerated genetic algorithm. First,   according to the snowball sampling data collection method and the   grounded theory, the data is collected and processed. Second, by   designing evaluation indicators and utility functions, the projection   pursuit classification model of the natural ecosystem is evaluated and   combined with a real-coded accelerated genetic algorithm, thereby   designing the health measure model. The experimental results suggest the   effectiveness of the proposed approach.",10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2926306
1171,InProceedings,Training Software Engineers Using Open-Source Software: The Students'   Perspective,"Software Engineering courses often emphasize teaching methodologies and   concepts in small and controlled environments over teaching, say,   maintenance aspects of full-fledged real software systems. This decision   is partly justified due to the difficulty of bringing to the context of   a classroom a real software project. The widespread presence of open   source projects, however, is contributing to alleviating this problem.   Several instructors have already adopted contributions to open source   projects as part of their evaluation process, and these instructors   reported many benefits, including the improvement on students' technical   and social skills. However, little is known about the students'   perceptions regarding the need to contribute to an open source project   as part of a Software Engineering course. To better understand the   students' challenges, benefits, and attitudes, we conducted 21   semi-structured interviews with students who took these courses in five   different Brazilian universities. We also enriched this data with an   analysis of commits performed in the repositories that students   contributed to. We observed that even though some instructors chose the   open source projects to students to work themselves, some students and   even the open source community participated in the process of choosing   projects and tasks. Students' contributions varied concerning both   complexity (measured by the number of additions, deletions, and edited   files) and diversity (measured regarding the different programming   languages used). Among the benefits, students reported improving their   technical skills and their self-confidence. Finally, some students found   extremely important for instructors' being involved with open source   initiatives (extra-classroom).",10.1109/ICSE-SEET.2019.00024
1173,InProceedings,Understanding the Surviving Bugsin Open Source Software through the   Community Perspective: Using Bayesian Analysis,"Mining thesoftware repositories expose a lot of factors for software   quality improvement. Researchers have worked extensively from various   aspects of bug reports to predict, prevent and categorize the bugs in   the software. Unfortunately, the survival aspect of software bugs is   hardly reflected upon for bug removal efficiency. The surviving bugs are   far more crucial for software reliability as compared to timely detected   bugs. In this study, we ahead to highlight the existence of surviving   bugs in open source software projects from the community perspective. A   causal assessment model is developedusing the Bayesian network   fordrawing the probabilistic inferenceto answer the proposed research   questions. The study used data set from Apache 2.0.44 official release   to reflect upon the findings.",10.1109/aicai.2019.8701295
1175,Article,VO<sub>2</sub>FITTING: A Free and Open-Source Software for Modelling   Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Swimming and other Exercise Modalities,"The assessment of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics is a valuable   non-invasive way to evaluate cardiorespiratory and metabolic response to   exercise. The aim of the study was to develop, describe and evaluate an   online VO2 fitting tool (VO(2)FITTING) for dynamically editing,   processing, filtering and modelling VO2 responses to exercise.   VO(2)FITTING was developed in Shiny, a web application framework for R   language. Validation VO2 datasets with both noisy and non-noisy data   were developed and applied to widely-used models (n = 7) for describing   different intensity transitions to verify concurrent validity.   Subsequently, we then conducted an experiment with age-group swimmers as   an example, illustrating how VO(2)FITTING can be used to model VO2   kinetics. Perfect fits were observed, and parameter estimates perfectly   matched the known inputted values for all available models (standard   error = 0; p < 0.001). The VO(2)FITTING is a valid, free and open-source   software for characterizing VO2 kinetics in exercise, which was   developed to help the research and performance analysis communities.",10.3390/sports7020031
1176,InProceedings,What Are the Perception Gaps Between FLOSS Developers and SE   Researchers? A Case of Bug Finding Research,"In recent years, many researchers in the SE community have been devoting   considerable efforts to provide FLOSS developers with a means to quickly   find and fix various kinds of bugs in FLOSS products such as security   and performance bugs. However, it is not exactly sure how FLOSS   developers think about bugs to be removed preferentially. Without a full   understanding of FLOSS developers' perceptions of bug finding and   fixing, researchers' efforts might remain far away from FLOSS   developers' needs. In this study, we interview 322 notable GitHub   developers about high impact bugs to understand FLOSS developers' needs   for bug finding and fixing, and we manually inspect and classify   developers' answers (bugs) by symptoms and root causes of bugs. As a   result, we show that security and breakage bugs are highly crucial for   FLOSS developers. We also identify what kinds of high impact bugs should   be studied newly by the SE community to help FLOSS developers.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_5
1177,InProceedings,Where Are Females in OSS Projects? Socio Technical Interactions,"Recent researches provide evidence that women are underrepresented in   the field of computer science. It has been reported that less than 10\\%   of Open Source Software (OSS) contributors in GitHub are women. Although   related qualitative and quantitative studies point out the gender gap,   the technical and social interaction of females within OSS still remain   unexplored and largely misunderstood. As a first step towards proposing   articulated actions towards diversity and inclusion, we need first to   explore the gender gap in terms of activities and interactions. Thus, we   propose to answer the questions: where are females in OSS projects? How   they evolve? and How they contribute to the sustainability of the OSS   social capital?. We particularly focus on building socio-technical   networks and analyze them to explain how females contribute and interact   in practice. We reflect on interactions' graphs and examine through a   preliminary study, using data from six OSS projects, possible links   between existing findings and the directions we suggest for more gender   diversity. We found that females are extremely underrepresented within   OSS communities, but when they participate they are productive just as   males, they evolve following relatively the same patterns than males and   remain more involved in projects than males.",10.1007/978-3-030-28464-0\\_27
1179,InProceedings,"Why Do Developers Adopt Open Source Software? Past, Present and Future","Free/Libre Open Source Software has evolved dramatically in the last   twenty years and many open source products are now considered similar,   or even better than proprietary counterparts. Given the evolution of   software - both concerning its development and its usage - it is likely   that the motivations for adopting an open source rather than a   proprietary product have changed over time. The goal of this work is to   identify the current motivations for adopting open source software, and   compare them with the motivations that held in the past. We conducted a   set of interviews among software practitioners, asking them to rank   motivations for the adoption of open source software, and we compared   these new results with the motivations elicited in previous surveys   published in 2010 and 2013. The results show that motivations have   actually changed over time.",10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7\\_10
1180,InProceedings,Why Do Episodic Volunteers Stay in FLOSS Communities?,"Successful Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects   incorporate both habitual and infrequent, or episodic, contributors.   Using the concept of episodic volunteering (EV) from the general   volunteering literature, we derive a model consisting of five key   constructs that we hypothesize affect episodic volunteers' retention in   FLOSS communities. To evaluate the model we conducted a survey with over   100 FLOSS episodic volunteers. We observe that three of our model   constructs (social norms, satisfaction and community commitment) are all   positively associated with volunteers' intention to remain, while the   two other constructs (psychological sense of community and contributor   benefit motivations) are not. Furthermore, exploratory clustering on   unobserved heterogeneity suggests that there are four distinct   categories of volunteers: satisfied, classic, social and obligated.   Based on our findings, we offer suggestions for projects to incorporate   and manage episodic volunteers, so as to better leverage this type of   contributors and potentially improve projects' sustainability.",10.1109/ICSE.2019.00100
1182,InProceedings,Why Does Code Review Work for Open Source Software Communities?,"Open source software communities have demonstrated that they can produce   high quality results. The overall success of peer code review, commonly   used in open source projects, has likely contributed strongly to this   success. Code review is an emotionally loaded practice, with public   exposure of reputation and ample opportunities for conflict. We set off   to ask why code review works for open source communities, despite this   inherent challenge. We interviewed 21 open source contributors from four   communities and participated in meetings of ROS community devoted to   implementation of the code review process.   It appears that the hacker ethic is a key reason behind the success of   code review in FOSS communities. It is built around the ethic of passion   and the ethic of caring. Furthermore, we observed that tasks of code   review are performed with strong intrinsic motivation, supported by many   non-material extrinsic motivation mechanisms, such as desire to learn,   to grow reputation, or to improve one's positioning on the job market.   In the paper, we describe the study design, analyze the collected data   and formulate 20 proposals for how what we know about hacker ethics and   human and social aspects of code review, could be exploited to improve   the effectiveness of the practice in software projects.",10.1109/ICSE.2019.00111
1184,InProceedings,Why do developers take breaks from contributing to OSS projects? <i>A   preliminary analysis</i>,"Creating a successful and sustainable Open Source Software (OSS) project   often depends on the strength and the health of the community behind it.   Current literature explains the contributors' lifecycle, starting with   the motivations that drive people to contribute and barriers to joining   OSS projects, covering developers' evolution until they become core   members. However, the stages when developers leave the projects are   still weakly explored and are not well-defined in existing developers'   lifecycle models. In this position paper, we enrich the knowledge about   the leaving stage by identifying sleeping and dead states, representing   temporary and permanent brakes that developers take from contributing.   We conducted a preliminary set of semi-structured interviews with active   developers. We analyzed the answers by focusing on defining and   understanding the reasons for the transitions to/from sleeping and dead   states. This paper raises new questions that may guide further   discussions and research, which may ultimately benefit OSS communities.",10.1109/SoHeal.2019.00009
1192,InProceedings,Women Participation in Open Source Software Communities,"Gender diversity in open source is an area of concern due to   underrepresentation and unfair treatment of women. This paper presents   results from research into the experiences of women who participate in   open source software (OSS), their advice to newcomer women and the role   that the online communities can play in creating a welcoming   collaborative environment for women. The results of an online survey (58   women) and follow up interviews (11) where we asked women about their   experiences and their recommendations for OSS online communities are   presented in this paper.",10.1145/3344948.334968
1194,Article,py2DIC: A New Free and Open Source Software for Displacement and Strain   Measurements in the Field of Experimental Mechanics,"Thanks to the advances in computer power, memory storage and the   availability of low-cost and high resolution digital cameras, Digital   Image Correlation (DIC) is currently one of the most used optical and   non-contact techniques for measuring material deformations. A free and   open source 2D DIC software, named py2DIC, was developed at the Geodesy   and Geomatics Division of the Sapienza University of Rome. Implemented   in Python, the software is based on the template matching method and   computes the 2D displacements and strains of samples subjected to   mechanical loading. In this work, the potentialities of py2DIC were   evaluated by processing two different sets of experimental data and   comparing the results with other three well known DIC software packages   Ncorr, Vic-2D and DICe. Moreover, an accuracy assessment was performed   comparing the results with the values independently measured by a strain   gauge fixed on one of the samples. The results demonstrate the   possibility of successfully characterizing the deformation mechanism of   the investigated materials, highlighting the pros and cons of each   software package.",10.3390/s19183832
1195,InProceedings,xgrid3d: A Free Software Tool for Quantitative Image Analysis and   Internal Dosimetry,"A free software tool xgrid3d has been developed to perform quantitative   image analysis and internal dosimetry in the context of preclinical   research of radionuclide therapies. However, its use extends to more   general three-dimensional image processing, including geometric   transformations, image registration and computed tomography   reconstruction. A description of the software, its functionality and the   structure of its graphical user interface are presented, as well as some   applications where it has been used successfully. Being a free software   project, it is expected to grow based on user suggestions, requests and   contributions. It is available for download in source code form at   https://github.com/seirios/xgrid3d under the GNU GPLv3 license.",10.1063/1.5095898
1197,Article,"<i>December 7th, The Battle of Midway</i>, and John Ford's Career in the   OSS","December 7th was made in 1942 by John Ford's Field Photographic Branch   of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) at the request of the   Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy. It was ultimately   rejected for exhibition to the general public on the advice of the   Office of War Information. Ford and director Gregg Toland eventually   prepared an abbreviated version which was allowed only a limited   release. This article considers the rejection of December 7th in the   context of Field Photo's development as a unit, and in relation to   Ford's most famous World War II documentary, The Battle of Midway. It   seeks to explain how Ford was able to secure government approval and a   general theatrical release for The Battle of Midway in the latter part   of 1942 and how the policies and protocols of the government and   military agencies that regulated wartime propaganda had altered by the   time that December 7th came under review in the first half of 1943.",10.2979/filmhistory.32.1.01
1198,Article,<i>bAIcis</i>: A Novel Bayesian Network Structural Learning Algorithm   and Its Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Against Open-Source   Software,"Structural learning of Bayesian networks (BNs) from observational data   has gained increasing applied use and attention from various scientific   and industrial areas. The mathematical theory of BNs and their   optimization is well developed. Although there are several open-source   BN learners in the public domain, none of them are able to handle both   small and large feature space data and recover network structures with   acceptable accuracy. bAIcis (R) is a novel BN learning and simulation   software from BERG. It was developed with the goal of learning BNs from   ``Big Data{''} in health care, often exceeding hundreds of thousands   features when research is conducted in genomics or multi-omics. This   article provides a comprehensive performance evaluation of bAIcis and   its comparison with the open-source BN learners. The study investigated   synthetic datasets of discrete, continuous, and mixed data in small and   large feature space, respectively. The results demonstrated that bAIcis   outperformed the publicly available algorithms in structure recovery   precision in almost all of the evaluated settings, achieving the true   positive rates of 0.9 and precision of 0.8. In addition, bAIcis supports   all data types, including continuous, discrete, and mixed variables. It   is effectively parallelized on a distributed system and can work with   datasets of thousands of features that are infeasible for any of the   publicly available tools with a desired level of recovery accuracy.",10.1089/cmb.2019.0210
1199,Article,A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN   EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS,"Open source software has now become a significant alternative in meeting   different needs in business, government and academic environments, such   as needs related to economics, management, learning and innovation,   among others. The purpose of this research was to examine the research   trends and evolution of the field of open source software adoption   between 2001 and 2019. The methodology used involved bibliometric   analysis of 289 documents obtained through a Scopus extracted search   equation, generating indicators of quantity and quality and analyzing   the emerging themes in said field of knowledge. The findings of the   research include the existence of a strong trend towards research and   dissemination regarding open source software, particularly in countries   such as the United States, whose institutions and authors demonstrate   high levels of productivity and dissemination. There was also evidence   of an interest in reducing barriers and encouraging the adoption and   implementation of the software in other sectors where its use is still   lagging behind. The main conclusion of the research is that the research   of open source software adoption focuses on the following topics:   innovation, Linux, FLOSS, engineering requirements, risk management,   open innovation, the public sector, social network analysis and total   cost of ownership.",10.33225/pec/20.78.114
1200,InProceedings,A Dataset of Enterprise-Driven Open Source Software,"We present a dataset of open source software developed mainly by   enterprises rather than volunteers. This can be used to address known   generalizability concerns, and, also, to perform research on open source   business software development. Based on the premise that an enterprise's   employees are likely to contribute to a project developed by their   organization using the email account provided by it, we mine domain   names associated with enterprises from open data sources as well as   through white- and blacklisting, and use them through three heuristics   to identify 17 264 enterprise GitHub projects. We provide these as a   dataset detailing their provenance and properties. A manual evaluation   of a dataset sample shows an identification accuracy of 89\\%. Through an   exploratory data analysis we found that projects are staffed by a   plurality of enterprise insiders, who appear to be pulling more than   their weight, and that in a small percentage of relatively large   projects development happens exclusively through enterprise insiders.",10.1145/3379597.3387495
1202,InProceedings,A Research on Testing Strategies of OSS Used by Equipment Software,"Software testing is an important method to guarantee the quality of   equipment software. With the rapid development of open source   technology, more and more kinds of equipment software are using open   source software(OSS). However, the relevant test standards and test   specifications for guiding the testing of OSS used by equipment software   are lacking at present. This article combines the features of OSS and   the testing process of equipment software, proposes for the first time   the testing strategies covering the main process of software testing for   the testing of OSS used by equipment, which is of great significance in   improving the quality of equipment software. This article mainly   researches the tasks in test preparation and test implementation stages,   and proposes the entry conditions for software testing and the   confirmation principles for the testing scope of OSS in the test   preparation stage; in the test implementation stage, according to the   relevant requirements of equipment software testing, this article puts   forward the test specifications applicable to OSS from the perspective   of document review, static analysis, code review, and configuration   item/system testing processes, and analyzes the potential risks in the   implementation process and the feasible degradation strategies.",10.1109/icsess49938.2020.9237726
1203,InProceedings,A Review of Open Source Software Maintenance Effort Estimation,"Open Source Software (OSS) is gaining interests of software engineering community as well as practitioners from industry with the growth of the internet. Studies in estimating maintenance effort (MEE) of such software product have been published in the literature in order to provide better estimation. The aim of this study is to provide a review of studies related to maintenance effort estimation for open source software (OSSMEE). To this end, a set of 60 primary empirical studies are selected from six electronic databases and a discussion is provided according to eight research questions (RQs) related to: publication year, publication source, datasets (OSS projects), metrics (independent variables), techniques, maintenance effort (dependent variable), validation methods, and accuracy criteria used in the empirical validation. This study has found that popular OSS projects have been used, Linear Regression, Na\\""{\\i}ve Bayes and k Nearest Neighbors were frequently used, and bug resolution was the most used regarding the estimation of maintenance effort for the future releases. A set of gaps are identified and recommendations for researchers are also provided.",10.1145/3419604.3419809
1204,InProceedings,A Social Network Perspective on the Success of Open Source Software: the   Case of R Packages,"In this paper, we seek to identify the factors that influence the impact   of open source software (OSS) on users community through the analysis of   the evolution of the OSS network. Based on longitudinal data collected   from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN), we empirically examine   how the network of R packages evolves over time and exert its influence   on the scientific community. We find that critical network features   derived from CRAN, such as page-rank, closeness, and betweenness   centralities, play a significant role in determining the impact of each   package on the research and publication activities in the scientific   community. Furthermore, the performance of R packages can be explained   as a flow of information from the core to the periphery that exhibits   strong spillover effects.",NA
1205,InProceedings,A Survey of Learning Methods in Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) is usually developed by heterogeneous groups   of people, each with their own interests, motivations and abilities.   Therefore, it is important to establish the best software development   and contributing practices early in the life-time of the project. Such   practices should foster the contributors' involvement in the OSS project   as quickly as possible. The sustainability of an OSS project is heavily   based on the underlying community of contributors and on the knowledge   and skills they bring to the project and they acquire and develop   through their participation in the project and interaction with the   project community. Therefore, identifying and investigating   contributors' learning processes is an important research area in OSS.   This survey paper presents an overview of open source learning methods   in order to explore how community interaction impacts the development   and application of OSS learning processes in other areas, especially in   education. It is argued that collaboration with peers and consistent   code contributions result in learning progress in OSS. Typical research   in this area is based on case by case analysis, whereas this survey   tries to highlight and combine the outcomes of several research   contributions from the literature.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8\\_10
1207,Article,A Techno-Economic Study of Optical Network Disaggregation Employing Open   Source Software Business Models for Metropolitan Area Networks,"This work provides a techno-economic evaluation of optical   disaggregation architectures in the context of metropolitan area   networks. The study compares two optical disaggregation options (partial   vs. total) against the legacy benchmark where optical equipment is   subject to vendor lock-in, as it is deployed in most networks today. We   show that emerging open source software projects within the   software-defined networking ecosystem can potentially yield significant   cost savings for medium- and large-size network operators, while they   can introduce extra flexibility and agility to network operations and   service deployments.",10.1109/MCOM.001.1900756
1208,Article,A data science and open source software approach to analytics for   strategic sourcing,"Data science has emerged as a significant capability upon which firms   compete. Although many data scientists and the high-performing companies   that employ them seem to have developed robust methods to employ data   sciences practices to achieve competitive advantages, there have been   few attempts at defining and explaining how and why data science helps   firms to achieve desired outcomes. In this paper, we describe how data   science, which combines computer programming, domain knowledge, and   analytic skillsets to scientifically extract insights from data, can be   used to help meet the growing demand of analytic needs across an   organization's value chain. This is done through the illustration of an   applied data science initiative to a strategic sourcing problem via the   use of open-source technology. In doing so, we contribute to the growing   data science literature by demonstrating the application of unique data   science capabilities. Moreover, the paper provides a tutorial on how to   use a specific R package along with an actual case in which that package   use used.",10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102167
1210,Article,A graduate student perspective on overcoming barriers to interacting   with open-source software,"Computational methods, coding, and software are important tools for   conducting research. In both academic and industry data analytics,   open-source software (OSS) has gained massive popularity. Collaborative   source code allows students to interact with researchers, code   developers, and users from a variety of disciplines. Based on the   authors' experiences as graduate students and coding instructors, this   paper provides a unique overview of the obstacles that graduate students   face in obtaining the knowledge and skills required to complete their   research and in transitioning from an OSS user to a contributor:   psychological, practical, and cultural barriers and challenges specific   to graduate students including cognitive load in graduate school, the   importance of a knowledgeable mentor, seeking help from both the online   and local communities, and the ongoing campaign to recognize software as   research output in career and degree progression. Specific and practical   steps are recommended to provide a foundation for graduate students,   supervisors, administrators, and members of the OSS community to help   overcome these obstacles. In conclusion, the objective of these   recommendations is to describe a possible framework that individuals   from across the scientific community can adapt to their needs and   facilitate a sustainable feedback loop between graduate students and   OSS.",10.1139/facets-2019-0020
1212,Article,A mechanism to explore proactive knowledge retention in open source   software communities,"Open-source software (OSS) is a type of computer software wherein the   source code is distributed under a special type of licence in which the   copyright holder grants users the rights to inspect, alter, and   redistribute the software. OSS projects are collaborative endeavours   which have multiple contributors who are constantly joining, leaving, or   changing their role in the project. This ever-changing and   ever-transient nature of OSS project contributors contributes to a   contributor turnover-induced knowledge loss in OSS projects. In this   case, ``knowledge loss{''} refers to the phenomenon of the loss of   project-specific knowledge, experience, and expertise in an OSS project,   caused by contributors regularly joining and leaving the OSS project.   This paper describes the design and development of a robust research   methodology and contributes towards the formation of proactive knowledge   retention practices in OSS projects to transform contributor's use of   knowledge and engagement in knowledge-relevant activities including   knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer.",10.1002/smr.2198
1213,Article,A method for analyzing stakeholders' influence on an open source   software ecosystem's requirements engineering process,"For a firm in an open source software (OSS) ecosystem, the requirements   engineering (RE) process is rather multifaceted. Apart from its typical   RE process, there is a competing process, external to the firm and   inherent to the firm's ecosystem. When trying to impose an agenda in   competition with other firms, and aiming to align internal product   planning with the ecosystem's RE process, firms need to consider who and   how influential the other stakeholders are, and what their agendas are.   The aim of the presented research is to help firms identify and analyze   stakeholders in OSS ecosystems, in terms of their influence and   interactions, to create awareness of their agendas, their collaborators,   and how they invest their resources. To arrive at a solution artifact,   we applied a design science research approach where we base artifact   design on the literature and earlier work. A stakeholder influence   analysis (SIA) method is proposed and demonstrated in terms of   applicability and utility through a case study on the Apache Hadoop OSS   ecosystem. SIA uses social network constructs to measure the   stakeholders' influence and interactions and considers the special   characteristics of OSS RE to help firms structure their stakeholder   analysis processes in relation to an OSS ecosystem. SIA adds a strategic   aspect to the stakeholder analysis process by addressing the concepts of   influence and interactions, which are important to consider while acting   in collaborative and meritocratic RE cultures of OSS ecosystems.",10.1007/s00766-019-00310-3
1214,InProceedings,A portal for cataloging worked examples extracted from open source   software,"Finding real examples that follow the evolution of Software Engineering   is not an easy task for instructors in the field. Open Source Software   (OSS) projects have been an alternative to support education in Software   Engineering, as they allow contact with real development projects and   environments. However, the adoption of these projects in the classroom   presents some obstacles, such as choosing the appropriate project, and   the time and effort needed to prepare the classes and get used to the   open source environment. In order to reduce the difficulties faced by   instructors, we are working on developing a portal to catalog worked   examples extracted from OSS projects to assist instructors. In this   paper, we present the first steps towards creating this catalog, which   is creating a pattern for guiding the structuring the worked examples.   We are applying the Design Science Research paradigm. The activities   reported in this paper regards the first Design Cycle, and were divided   into three stages related to the elaboration and evaluation of the   pattern for cataloging the worked examples. In these stages, we carried   out focus groups and interviews with Software Engineering instructors,   including the instantiation of the pattern to catalog actual worked   examples. After each stage, we had a new and improved version of the   pattern for cataloging the worked examples. Such pattern served as a   basis to create the first version of the worked examples portal, which   will be evaluated in the next stages of the research.",10.1145/3422392.3422471
1216,Article,A tailored participatory action research for foss communities,"Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an established method to   implement change in organizations. However, it cannot be applied in the   open source (FOSS) communities, without adaptation to their   particularities, especially to the specific control mechanisms developed   in FOSS. FOSS communities are self-managed, and rely on consensus to   reach decisions. This study proposes a PAR framework specifically   tailored to FOSS communities. We successfully applied the framework to   implement a set of quality assurance interventions in the Robot   Operating System community. The framework we proposed is composed of   three components, interventions design, democratization, and execution.   We believe that this process will work for other FOSS communities too.   We have learned that changing a particular aspect of a FOSS community is   arduous. To achieve success the change must rally the community around   it for support and attract motivated volunteers to implement the   interventions.",10.1007/s10664-020-09849-0
1218,Article,A tutorial and open source software for the efficient evaluation of   gravity and magnetic kernels,"Fast computation of three-dimensional gravity and magnetic forward   models is considered. When the measurement data is assumed to be   obtained on a uniform grid which is staggered with respect to the   discretization of the parameter volume, the resulting kernel sensitivity   matrices exhibit block-Toeplitz-Toeplitzblock (BTTB) structure. These   matrices are symmetric for the gravity problem but unsymmetric for the   magnetic problem. In each case, the structure facilitates fast forward   computation using two-dimensional fast Fourier transforms. The   construction of the kernel matrices and the application of the transform   for fast forward multiplication, for each problem, is carefully   described. But, for purposes of comparison with the non-transform   approach, the generation of the unique entries that define a given   kernel matrix is also explained. It is also demonstrated how the   matrices, and hence transforms, are adjusted when padding around the   volume domain is introduced. The transform algorithms for fast forward   matrix multiplication with the sensitivity matrix and its transpose,   without the direct construction of the relevant matrices, are presented.   Numerical experiments demonstrate the significant reduction in   computation time and memory requirements that are achieved using the   transform implementation. Thus, it becomes feasible, both in terms of   reduced memory requirements and computational time, to implement the   transform algorithms for large three-dimensional volumes. All presented   algorithms, including with variable padding, are coded for optimal   memory, storage and computation as an open source MATLAB code which can   be adapted for any convolution kernel which generates a BTTB matrix,   whether or not it is symmetric. This work, therefore, provides a general   tool for the efficient simulation of gravity and magnetic field data, as   well as any formulation which admits a sensitivity matrix with the   required structure.",10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104575
1219,Article,A universal cross language software similarity detector for open source   software categorization,"While there are novel approaches for detecting and categorizing similar   software applications, previous research focused on detecting similarity   in applications written in the same programming language and not on   detecting similarity in applications written in different programming   languages. Cross-language software similarity detection is inherently   more challenging due to variations in language, application structures,   support libraries used, and naming conventions. In this paper we propose   a novel model, CroLSim, to detect similar software applications across   different programming languages. We define a semantic relationship among   cross-language libraries and API methods (both local and third party)   using functional descriptions and a word-vector learning model. Our   experiments show that CroLSim can successfully detect cross-language   similar software applications, which outperforms all existing approaches   (mean average precision rate of 0.65, confidence rate of 3.6, and 75\\%   highly rated successful queries). Furthermore, we applied CroLSim to a   source code repository to see whether our model can recommend   cross-language source code fragments if queried directly with source   code. From our experiments we found that CroLSim can recommend   cross-language functional similar source code when source code is   directly used as a query (average precision=0.28, recall=0.85, and   F-Measure=0.40). (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.",10.1016/j.jss.2019.110491
1221,Article,Adopting Open Source Software for Integrated Library System and Digital   Library Automation,"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various features and   functions of open source software for integrated library management   system (ILMS) and digital library system. The explosion of the World   Wide Web, dynamic nature of information technologies, like open source;   and with escalation of electronics resources showed the way of Automated   Library System (ALS). These changes are replicated in the conceptual   differences between the ALS and the Integrated Library System (ILS). The   ALS is acknowledged as simply a database to house and retrieve a   library's holdings while ILS is acknowledged as robust clusters of   systems including every process and module linked to library processes.   This article presents an aspect on the evolving features of some   commonly adopted Open-Source ILS Software (Koha, NewGenLib, and   Evergreen) which had encouraged ALS to ILS, as well as justifications   and barriers to the use of open source. Open source library management   software is a solution to reducing that cost. The research describes in   brief about the feature of some of the open source digital library   software like Greenstone, DSpace E-Prints and integrated library   software Koha NewGenlib. Evergreen ILS etc., which are useful for   developing ILS and institutional repositories software in academic   libraries. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is offered as a   balancing solution to meet librarians' objectives without giving up   excellence. The endeavor of this research is to confirm not only the   most used FOSS in libraries but also those alternatives which are not as   healthy-looking known but with great possible for the community.",10.22937/IJCSNS.2020.20.09.19
1222,InProceedings,Adoption of the HTA Technique in the Open Source Software Development Process,"The growth in the number of non-developer open source software (OSS) application users and the escalating use of these applications have led to the need and interest in developing usable OSS. OSS communities do not generally know how to apply usability techniques and are unclear about which techniques to use in each activity of the development process. The aim of our research is to adopt the HTA usability technique in the OpenOffice Writer OSS project and determine the feasibility of adapting the technique for application. To do this, we participated as volunteers in the project. We used the case study research method during technique application and participation in the community. As a result, we identified adverse conditions that were an obstacle to technique application and modified the technique to make it applicable to OSS projects. We can conclude from our experience that these changes were helpful for applying the technique, using web artifacts like forums and collaborative tools like Cacoo, although it was not easy to recruit OSS users to participate in usability technique application.",10.1007/978-3-030-60114-0_13
1223,InProceedings,An Agent Based Simulation System for Open Source Software Development,"In recent years, the organization of open source software development   has evolved rapidly. Analyzing the behaviors of contributors helps us   understand the development process of open source software and explore   the general and special rules of it. Agent based model is a type of   computing model that can simulate the behaviors and interactions between   autonomous entities. With agent based models, we can simulate the   self-organization process of open source software development by   simulating contributors' behaviors. Therefore, we design an agent-based   simulation system for open source software development, which are   implemented with the Java Agent Development framework. In experiments,   we obtain the simulation results by inputting historical behavior   information of open source repositories on GitHub. Then we compare the   results of various models. Finally, by adjusting input parameters for   issue resolution process, we analyze the impact of these parameters,   which shows this system also helps understand how to control the open   source software development process.",10.1109/SERVICES48979.2020.00044
1224,InProceedings,An Empirical Study on the Persistence of SpotBugs Issues in Open-Source   Software Evolution,"Background. Static analyzers can be useful to software developers in   detecting and locating code issues and, in addition, classifying their   nature. The main problem of static analyzers, however, is that they may   signal too many false alarms. Objective. In this paper, we investigate   whether code issues that are detected by SpotBugs persist in software   code, or if they get removed. We chose SpotBugs because it is one of the   best-known and most used static analyzers. Method. We carried out an   empirical study on five open-source Java programs and took into account   two versions of each of them, to check whether the issues signaled by   SpotBugs on the older version had been removed by the time the newer   version was released. A total of 1,006 issues were signaled by SpotBugs.   Results. Our results show that about half of the issues signaled   disappeared between the two versions, but the correction rate was uneven   across projects. Issues about the correctness of software code were more   likely to be no longer present in the newer version than other types of   warnings. Conclusions. Further investigations are required, to   understand why some projects appear more active than others in   correcting SpotBugs issues, and why very few high-severity warnings were   observed in the analyzed code. Nonetheless, the fact that about half of   the issues flagged by SpotBugs were removed indicates that the tool is   effective in detecting incorrect or otherwise problematic code.",10.1007/978-3-030-58793-2\\_12
1225,InProceedings,An Exploratory Study on Developers Opinions about Influence in Open   Source Software Ecosystems,"Software Engineering researchers and practitioners have sought a   systematic way of characterizing technical and social behaviors in   software development, from the perspective of either an artifact (e.g.   design pattern) or an actor (e.g. developer). In this context,   influencers are those who guide the development methods and disseminate   patterns due to their popularity or status in the community. Especially   in software ecosystems, the dynamics of interactions with interventions   of external developers over a common technological platform leverage the   effects of influence and still remains as a challenge. This paper   presents an exploratory study on the sense of influence in open source   software ecosystems, more specifically from the opinions of 95   developers who contribute to npm projects based on GitHub. To do so,   qualitative data from a conducted survey research were analyzed based on   Grounded Theory ( GT) procedures. Based on two main categories   (Technical and Social), we recognized aspects that reinforce some key   characteristics of an influencer, e.g., `status in the project',   `participation with code', `participation with comments', and `content   value'. However, some diverging aspects were observed, e.g., the   difference between qualitative and quantitative responses related to   `long-time interaction with the project'. This study contributes with   the identification of influencers' characteristics that can aid both   researchers in further studies on open source software ecosystems and   practitioners in strategies to manage project-based ecosystems.",10.1145/3422392.3422404
1227,InProceedings,An Exploratory Study on Extract Method Floss-Refactoring,"As a software evolves its code requires constant updating. In this   sense, refactoring edits aim at improving structural aspects of a code   without changing its external behavior. However, studies show that   developers tend to combine in a single commit refactorings and   behavior-changing edits (extra edits) - floss-refactoring.   Floss-refactorings can be error-prone and require careful handling.   However, little has been done to understand how refactorings and extra   edits relate in practice. In this work, we propose a strategy for   extracting floss-refactoring data. Moreover, we mine code repositories   of 16 open-source projects and analyse commits with floss refactoring   related to Extract Method. Our results show that developers often   combine Extract Method with inner method extra edits (e.g., statement   insert), with an expected increase of 8-16\\% of extra edits by each   Extract Method. Moreover, some statements are more likely to be changed   depending on the extra edit performed.",10.1145/3341105.3373893
1228,InProceedings,An empirical study of security culture in open source software communities,"Open source software (OSS) is a core part of virtually all software applications today. Due to the rapidly growing impact of OSS on society and the economy, the security aspect has attracted researchers' attention to investigate this distinctive phenomenon. Traditionally, research on OSS security has often focused on technical aspects of software development. We argue that these aspects are important, however, technical security practice considering different social aspects of OSS development will assure the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the tool. To mitigate this research gap, in this empirical study, we explore the current security culture in the OSS development phenomenon using a survey instrument with six evaluation dimensions: attitude, behavior, competency, subjective norms, governance, and communication. By exploring the current security culture in OSS communities, we can start to understand the influence of security on participants' security behaviors and decision-making, so that we can make realistic and practical suggestions. In this paper, we present the measurements of security culture adopted in the study and discuss corresponding security issues that need to be addressed in OSS communities.",10.1145/3341161.3343520
1230,Article,An open-source software for monitoring intrafraction motion during   external beam radiation therapy based on superimposition of contours of   projected ROIs on cine-MV images,"Purpose To present an open-source software () for monitoring   intrafraction motion that is based on the visualization of superimposed   contours of projected region-of-interests from DICOM RTSTRUCT files on   cine-MV images acquired and displayed in real-time during radiation   therapy delivery. Clinical use with prostate gold fiducial markers is   presented.   Methods Projections of regions of interest (ROI) in the reference frame   of the electronic portal imaging device are computed offline for   different gantry angles before the first treatment fraction. During   treatment delivery, the contrast of portal images is automatically   adjusted using a histogram equalization algorithm. The projections   associated with the current gantry angle are then superimposed on the   images in real time. This allows the therapist to evaluate if the imaged   structures of interest remain within their respective contours during   treatment delivery and to potentially interrupt the treatment if deemed   necessary. The spatial accuracy of the method was evaluated by imaging a   ball bearing phantom in a set-up where the position of the projected ROI   is highly sensitive to gantry angle errors. The visibility of fiducial   markers during one fraction of seven different volumetric modulated arc   therapy (VMAT) prostate treatments is characterized.   Results The geometric validation showed a negligible systematic error mu   < 0.1 mm for the position of the projections. The random errors   associated with the time accuracy of the gantry angle readout were   characterized by standard deviations sigma <= 0.6 mm. The VMAT clinical   treatments showed that the fiducial markers were frequently visible,   allowing for a meaningful clinical use.   Conclusions The results demonstrate that the method presented is   sufficiently accurate to be used for intrafraction monitoring of   patients. The fact that this method could be implemented on many modern   linacs at little to no cost and with no additional dose delivered to the   patients makes this solution very attractive for improving patient care   and safety in radiation therapy.",10.1002/acm2.12940
1231,Article,Analysis of function-call graphs of open-source software systems using   complex network analysis,"Software systems are usually designed in a modular and hierarchical   fashion, where functional responsibility of a system is decomposed into   multiple functional software elements optimally such as subsystems,   modules, packages, classes, methods, and functions. These elements are   coupled with each other with some kind of dependency relationships to   some degree, and their interactions naturally form a graph or network   structure. In this study, we generated the static function-call graphs   of several open-source software systems, where functions were the most   basic type of interacting elements calling each other. Then, we analyzed   the call graphs both visually and topologically using the techniques of   complex network analysis. We found the call graphs to reveal scale-free   and small-world network properties similar to the findings of the   previous studies. In addition, we identified the most central and   important functions in each call-graph using several centrality   measures. We also performed community analysis and found that the call   graphs exhibited a tendency to form communities. Finally, we showed that   analysis of static function-call graphs of software systems through   complex network analysis has the potential to reveal useful information   about them.",10.5505/pajes.2019.63239
1232,Article,Applying participatory action approach to integrating professional   librarians into open source software communities,"This article theoretically explores how participatory action research   might support integration of library professionals into open source   software development communities. The author makes a case for the   integration of library professionals into open source software   communities to help develop better, context-specific, customizable   software for use by libraries and advocates for inclusion of library   professionals in open source software communities to produce high   quality, customizable software. The value of open source software for   libraries is discussed and the importance of this integration is   articulated by the impacts of this approach. A plan for integration of   library professionals into open source software communities is   presented.",10.1177/0961000619836724
1233,Article,Assesment of digital skills of teachers for free software technology   adoption. Kids on Computers project,"Teacher's training is fundamental to incorporate TIC in education   programs; even though, most projects in Mexico don't include it, the   same problem appears in Kids on Computers, mainly because the lack of   knowledge about the software installed over Ubermix and Raspbian in the   computer labs in Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca, Mexico. This work shows   evidence on the need of teacher's training in digital skills within the   study case. A statistical field test methodology has been used with a   quantitative approach, data is collected from a survey that was designed   following the recommendations of international organizations. Results   report that only 20\\% of the sample have been trained in TIC, the half   of them consider theirself in the beginners level and the other half in   the intermediate level. A training program is proposed, course goals and   content are adjusted to include theory-practice knowledge that allows   the use of the software applications. First, they start with operative   systems basics and then a catalog of apps classified upon educative   criteria was generated to share that information with teachers and   select those that result more useful to them.",10.15517/eci.v10i2.40774
1234,InProceedings,Assessing the Characteristics of FOSS Contributions in Network   Automation Projects,"Network Automation seeks to integrate software solutions that aid in the   management and maintenance of modern networks. In industry, large   organizations see dedicated software engineering resources within a   networking team. However, in the broader industry, it is more common to   see traditional network engineers working on network automation. With   the growth of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), network automation   software solutions also started to adhere to this development model.   However, as it is known from the literature, onboarding to FOSS projects   is not a trivial task and may be more challenging for people without a   software development background. In this paper, we study network   automation FOSS projects, which are seeing a large number of new   contributors who do not have traditional software engineering skills. We   analyze a set of data collected from pull requests and issues collected   from 81 GitHub projects (71 network automation projects, and 10   top-projects from other domains), to identify the characteristics that   are specific to first-time project contributors in the network   automation domain. Our results show that pull requests in the Network   Automation domain differ from those in the Top-10 set and the existing   literature. At the same time that Network Automation projects are more   inclusive (rejection rate: 12\\% vs. 28\\% on Top-10), the pull request   latency is longer in this specific domain, especially for first-timers.",10.1109/ICSME46990.2020.00039
1235,InProceedings,AutoC2X: Open-source software to realize V2X cooperative perception   among autonomous vehicles,"The realization of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication enhances   the capabilities of autonomous vehicles in terms of safety efficiency   and comfort. In particular, sensor data sharing, known as cooperative   perception, is a crucial technique to accommodate vulnerable road users   in a cooperative intelligent transport system (ITS). In this regard,   open-source software plays a significant role in prototyping,   validation, and deployment. Specifically, in the developer community,   Autoware is a popular open-source software for self-driving vehicles,   and OpenC2X is an open-source experimental and prototyping platform for   cooperative ITS. This paper reports on a system named AutoC2X to enable   cooperative perception by using OpenC2X for Autoware-based autonomous   vehicles. The developed system is evaluated by conducting field   experiments involving real hardware. The results demonstrate that   AutoC2X can deliver the cooperative perception message within 100 ms in   the worst case.",10.1109/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348525
1236,InProceedings,Automatic Tagging for Open Source Software by Utilizing Package   Dependency Information,"The tags of open-source software (OSS) are important for managing and   retrieving a massive amount of OSS in the OSS community, untagged OSS   makes managing and retrieving OSS on GitHub difficult. However,   developers sometimes neglect to write tag for repositories. For example,   in our collected dataset with over 43K GitHub repositories, more than 32   \\% of the repository are unlabeled. To alleviate this problem, we   propose an approach to automatically generate repository tag based on a   neural network and LDA by utilizing package dependencies and readme   among OSS in communities. We design an algorithm for extracting the tag   features of dependent OSS packages and build dependent feature vectors   for OSS. We then combine the vectors with topic of OSS readme file as   input to train the neural network and obtain the tag distribution   probability of OSS, and subsequently, recommend tags for OSS.   Experiments are performed on the OSS dataset that we collected from   GitHub, over 43K repositories and evaluate our approach on this dataset.   Experiment results show that DepTagRec performs better than other   methods in terms of precision and recall, particularly on recall when   recommending the top 10 tags for OSS.",10.1109/TASE49443.2020.00027
1238,InProceedings,Backstabber's Knife Collection: A Review of Open Source Software Supply   Chain Attacks,"A software supply chain attack is characterized by the injection of   malicious code into a software package in order to compromise dependent   systems further down the chain. Recent years saw a number of supply   chain attacks that leverage the increasing use of open source during   software development, which is facilitated by dependency managers that   automatically resolve, download and install hundreds of open source   packages throughout the software life cycle. Even though many approaches   for detection and discovery of vulnerable packages exist, no prior work   has focused on malicious packages. This paper presents a dataset as well   as analysis of 174 malicious software packages that were used in   real-world attacks on open source software supply chains and which were   distributed via the popular package repositories npm, PyPI, and   RubyGems. Those packages, dating from November 2015 to November 2019,   were manually collected and analyzed. This work is meant to facilitate   the future development of preventive and detective safeguards by open   source and research communities.",10.1007/978-3-030-52683-2\\_2
1239,InProceedings,Backstabber’s Knife Collection: A Review of Open Source Software Supply Chain Attacks,"A software supply chain attack is characterized by the injection of malicious code into a software package in order to compromise dependent systems further down the chain. Recent years saw a number of supply chain attacks that leverage the increasing use of open source during software development, which is facilitated by dependency managers that automatically resolve, download and install hundreds of open source packages throughout the software life cycle. Even though many approaches for detection and discovery of vulnerable packages exist, no prior work has focused on malicious packages. This paper presents a dataset as well as analysis of 174 malicious software packages that were used in real-world attacks on open source software supply chains and which were distributed via the popular package repositories npm, PyPI, and RubyGems. Those packages, dating from November 2015 to November 2019, were manually collected and analyzed. This work is meant to facilitate the future development of preventive and detective safeguards by open source and research communities.",10.1007/978-3-030-52683-2_2
1240,Article,BioPETsurv: Methodology and open source software to evaluate biomarkers   for prognostic enrichment of time-to-event clinical trials,"Biomarkers can be used to enrich a clinical trial for patients at higher   risk for an outcome, a strategy termed ``prognostic enrichment.{''}   Methodology is needed to evaluate biomarkers for prognostic enrichment   of trials with time-to-event endpoints such as survival. Key   considerations when considering prognostic enrichment include: clinical   trial sample size; the number of patients one must screen to enroll the   trial; and total patient screening costs and total per-patient trial   costs. The Biomarker Prognostic Enrichment Tool for Survival Outcomes   (BioPETsurv) is a suite of methods for estimating these elements to   evaluate a prognostic enrichment biomarker and/or plan a prognostically   enriched clinical trial with a time-to-event primary endpoint.   BioPETsurv allows investigators to analyze data on a candidate biomarker   and potentially censored survival times. Alternatively, BioPETsurv can   simulate data to match a particular clinical setting. BioPETsurv's data   simulator enables investigators to explore the potential utility of a   prognostic enrichment biomarker for their clinical setting. Results   demonstrate that both modestly prognostic and strongly prognostic   biomarkers can improve trial metrics such as reducing sample size or   trial costs. In addition to the quantitative analysis provided by   BioPETsurv, investigators should consider the generalizability of trial   results and evaluate the ethics of trial eligibility criteria.   BioPETsurv is freely available as a package for theRstatistical   computing platform, and as a webtool at   www.prognosticenrichment.com/surv.",10.1371/journal.pone.0239486
1241,Article,Brain Modeling ToolKit: An open source software suite for multiscale   modeling of brain circuits,"Experimental studies in neuroscience are producing data at a rapidly   increasing rate, providing exciting opportunities and formidable   challenges to existing theoretical and modeling approaches. To turn   massive datasets into predictive quantitative frameworks, the field   needs software solutions for systematic integration of data into   realistic, multiscale models. Here we describe the Brain Modeling   ToolKit (BMTK), a software suite for building models and performing   simulations at multiple levels of resolution, from biophysically   detailed multi-compartmental, to point-neuron, to population-statistical   approaches. Leveraging the SONATA file format and existing software such   as NEURON, NEST, and others, BMTK offers a consistent user experience   across multiple levels of resolution. It permits highly sophisticated   simulations to be set up with little coding required, thus lowering   entry barriers to new users. We illustrate successful applications of   BMTK to large-scale simulations of a cortical area. BMTK is an   open-source package provided as a resource supporting modeling-based   discovery in the community.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008386
1243,InProceedings,Challenges Faced by Students in an Open Source Software Undergraduate   Course,"The Open Source Software (OSS) development is gaining popularity from   year to year, however, entering the OSS community still remains a   challenging task. In this work, we describe challenges faced by a   beginner OSS code-developer during the first contribution. Additionally,   we analyze our experience and offer hints for potential newcomers. Whole   work was done as the project of the Open Source Software undergraduate   course at the Computer Department of Nazarbayev University.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8\\_14
1244,Article,Chipper: Open-source software for semi-automated segmentation and   analysis of birdsong and other natural sounds,"Audio recording devices have changed significantly over the last 50   years, making large datasets of recordings of natural sounds, such as   birdsong, easier to obtain. This increase in digital recordings   necessitates an increase in high-throughput methods of analysis for   researchers. Specifically, there is a need in the community for   open-source methods that are tailored to recordings of varying qualities   and from multiple species collected in nature.   We developed Chipper, a Python-based software to semi-automate both the   segmentation of acoustic signals and the subsequent analysis of their   frequencies and durations. For avian recordings, we provide widgets to   best determine appropriate thresholds for noise and syllable similarity,   which aid in calculating note measurements and determining song syntax.   In addition, we generated a set of synthetic songs with various levels   of background noise to test Chipper's accuracy, repeatability and   reproducibility.   Chipper provides an effective way to quickly generate quantitative,   reproducible measures of birdsong. The cross-platform graphical user   interface allows the user to adjust parameters and visualize the   resulting spectrogram and signal segmentation, providing a simplified   method for analysing field recordings.   Chipper streamlines the processing of audio recordings with multiple   user-friendly tools and is optimized for multiple species and varying   recording qualities. Ultimately, Chipper supports the use of   citizen-science data and increases the feasibility of large-scale   multi-species birdsong studies.",10.1111/2041-210X.13368
1245,InProceedings,Comparative Assessment of the Unsupervised Land Use Classification by   Using Proprietary GIS and Open Source Software,"Mapping and investigating land use land cover (LULC) changes over a   particular region is crucial for resource management, sustainability   development, and holistic planning. An increasing rate of urban growth   and urban sprawl could induce changes in land use as well as land   transformation. However, accurate and up-to-date information about LULC   is required for providing better understanding and assessing the   environmental consequences of such changes. In this study, the 2017   image from the Sentinel-2A Satellite was utilized to demonstrate the   land cover classification analysis in Iskandar Malaysia. Usually, land   use classification analysis is conducted through proprietary GIS   software. However, this decade shows the advancement in software   development, thus the emerging of free/open source software in the   geospatial world. Hence, to execute land cover analysis using the   Unsupervised Classification technique, the proprietary GIS software   (ArcGIS) and free/open source software (QGIS) were deployed. Then, the   examination of accuracy assessment was carried out for the selected   software. The sum of 250 random points was established for the   assessment purpose. The results showed the overall accuracy for ArcGIS   and QGIS were 82.80\\% and 80.40\\% respectively. The kappa coefficient   for ArcGIS was 0.7395, while kappa coefficient for QGIS was 0.7094.   Besides that, ArcGIS demonstrated better producer's accuracy in the   forest and agriculture land covers classification. Meanwhile, QGIS   exhibited better producer's accuracy in the built-up and water features   classification. To summarize, ArcGIS and QGIS software are reliable to   be used in the land cover classification.",10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012020
1247,Article,Confusion and collectivism in the ICT sector: Is FLOSS the answer?,"Information and communication technology (ICT) workers rarely join trade   unions. This is usually explained by the individualized nature of work.   This article examines broader forms of collectivism for these workers,   drawing on survey and interview data. The focus is on social class,   attitudes towards unions and professional bodies and participation in   the broader ICT community - specifically Free, Libre and Open Source   Software (FLOSS). The findings reveal absence of formal collective   frames of reference or organization, yet the creativity, autonomy and   initiative central to the identity of ICT workers may offer   opportunities for collectivization particularly with regard to   participation in FLOSS communities.",10.1177/0143831X17695441
1250,InProceedings,Control vs Freedom: How Companies Manage Knowledge Sharing with Open   Source Software Communities,"Knowledge sharing is essential for successful collaboration between   companies and external communities. We lack knowledge regarding the   microprocesses companies deliberately introduce to manage knowledge   sharing with such outside parties. We research these processes in the   context of collaboration between companies and open source software   (OSS) communities by posing the question: How do companies design   explicit mechanisms to manage knowledge exchange with OSS communities?   We conduct an explorative case study at Siemens AG. Siemens introduced a   formal template process which can be adapted by the organizational units   according to their demands. Results show that the extent to which the   process is implemented depends on the level of closeness to core   intellectual property of the organizational unit and the intensity of   the involvement in OSS communities. Developers use several methods to   shortcut the process. Our study contributes to the literature on   organizational knowledge sharing, company-involved OSS development, and   open innovation of firms.",NA
1251,Article,"Coordinating {Interdependencies} in an {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project}: {A} {Replication} of {Lindberg}, et al.","The current study is a full replication (conceptual and empirical) of “Coordinating Interdependencies in Online Communities: A Study of an Open Source Software Project” Lindberg et al (2016), which addresses the question of how OSS communities address unresolved interdependencies. Following the original study, we analyze project development data, archived in the GitHub repository, for the OSS project Rubinius. The analysis explores relationships among development and developer interdependencies as well as activity and order variation. Further, we extend the original study by examining the core relationships in the original study and investigating the external generalizability of the results by replicating the analysis on three analogous OSS projects: JRuby, mruby, and RubyMotion. These offer an opportunity to evaluate the generalizability of the original study to projects of different sizes and amount of activity, yet similar otherwise to the project in the original study. Another extension is the use of an additional control variable, length of activity sequence, which proves to have substantial implications of the study’s focal relationships. We find that three out of the four projects we analyze support the findings of the original study as it pertains to four relationships in the original study: order variation and developer interdependencies, activity variation and developer interdependencies, order variation and development interdependencies, and development and developer interdependencies. We also discuss the implications of our findings, especially in cases where the replication results differ from those in the original study and offer suggestions for future research that can help advance this stream of research.",10.17705/1atrr.00057
1252,Article,"CroSSED sequence, a new tool for 3D processing in geosciences using the   free software 3DSlicer","The scientific application of 3D imaging has evolved significantly over   recent years. These techniques make it possible to study internal   features by non-destructive analysis. Despite its potential, the   development of 3D imaging in the Geosciences is behind other fields due   to the high cost of commercial software and the scarce free   alternatives. Most free software was designed for the Health Sciences,   and the pre-settled workflows are not suited to geoscientific materials.   Thus, an outstanding challenge in the Geosciences is to define workflows   using free alternatives for Computed Tomography (CT) data processing,   promoting data sharing, reproducibility, and the development of specific   extensions. We present CroSSED, a processing sequence for 3D   reconstructions of CT data, using 3DSlicer, a popular application in   medical imaging. Its usefulness is exemplified in the study of burrows   that have low-density contrast with respect to the host sediment. For   geoscientists who have access to CT data and wish to reconstruct 3D   structures, this method offers a wide range of possibilities and   contributes to open-science and applied CT studies.",10.1038/s41597-020-00614-y
1253,Article,Decision-making Processes in Community-based Free/Libre Open Source   Software-development Teams with Internal Governance: An Extension to   Decision-making Theory,"Community-based free/libre open source software (FLOSS) teams with   internal governance constitute an extreme example of distributed teams,   prominent in software development. At the core of distributed team   success lies team decision making and execution. However, in FLOSS   teams, one might expect the lack of formal organizational structures to   guide practices and reliance on asynchronous communication to make   decision making problematic. Despite these challenges, many effective   FLOSS teams exist. We lack research on how organizations make IS   development decisions in general and on FLOSS decision-making models in   particular. The decision-making literature on FLOSS teams has focused on   the distribution of decision-making power. Therefore, it remains unclear   which decision-making theories fit the FLOSS context best or whether we   require novel decision-making models. We adopted a process-based   perspective to analyze decision making in five community-based FLOSS   teams. We identified five different decision-making processes, which   indicates that FLOSS teams use multiple processes when making decisions.   Decision-making behaviors remained stable across projects even though   they required different types of knowledge. We help fill the literature   gap about which FLOSS decision mechanisms one can explain using   classical decision-making theories. Practically, community and company   leaders can use knowledge of these decision processes to develop   infrastructure that fits FLOSS decision-making processes.",10.17705/1CAIS.04620
1257,Article,Determination of thermodynamic acidity constants and limiting ionic   mobilities of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis using a new   free software AnglerFish,"Thermodynamic acidity constants (acid or acid-base dissociation   constants, sometimes called also as ionization constants) and limiting   ionic mobilities (both of them at defined temperature, usually 25   degrees C) are the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of a weak   electrolyte, that is, weak acid or weak base or ampholyte. We introduce   a novel method for determining the data of a weak electrolyte by the   nonlinear regression of effective electrophoretic mobility versus buffer   composition dependence when measured in a set of BGEs with various pH.   To correct the experimental data for zero ionic strength we use the   extended Debye-Huckel model and Onsager-Fuoss law with no   simplifications. Contrary to contemporary approaches, the nonlinear   regression is performed on limiting mobility data calculated by   PeakMaster's correction engine, not on the raw experimental mobility   data. Therefore, there is no requirement to perform all measurements at   a constant ionic strength of the set of BGEs. We devised the computer   program AnglerFish that performs the necessary calculations in a   user-friendly fashion. All thermodynamic pKa values and limiting   electrophoretic mobilities for arbitrarily charged substances having any   number of ionic forms are calculated by one fit. The user input consists   of the buffer composition of the set of BGEs and experimentally measured   effective mobilities of the inspected weak electrolyte.",10.1002/elps.201900283
1258,Article,Developing a spectral pipeline using open source software and low-cost   hardware for material identification,"The ability to access, design and create low cost sensors capable of   returning scientifically useful data has led to an exponential increase   in citizen science, education and environmental monitoring groups.   Low-cost spectroscopy is one such application and mobile phone   camera-based instruments have been used in pollution monitoring, medical   applications in developing countries and vegetation analysis. Can such   an instrument be developed and tested to assist with automated detection   of materials, possibly from space? We tested two spectrometer designs   inside a two unit (2U) cubesat frame against a series of materials   exhibiting phenomenology in the visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) portion   of the spectrum and vegetation groups. This was conducted in order to   determine whether open source designs were capable of discriminating   against similar materials, such as types of vegetation or types of   iron-rich minerals. A spectral pipeline was created using open source   programming software that was capable of converting raw sensor data into   spectra, comparing samples of interest against a spectral library and   returning an identification result with a confidence interval. We found   that low-cost hardware sensitive to NIR and freely available software   were able to identify types of materials in the study set, enabling   applications in citizen science, education and outreach or even low-cost   near-space research.",10.1080/01431161.2019.1693075
1260,InProceedings,Diagnostics of paper - dampening solution printing system parameters for   open source software applications,"The paper parameters were selected for a computer model using open   source software to predict their interaction with the dampening solution   in an offset printing machine and in an ultrasonic measuring device. The   indices characterizing the penetration of alcohol-free and alcohol   dampening solutions with 5\\% and 10\\% content of isopropyl alcohol into   the structure of offset coated papers on PDA c02 ultrasonic measuring   device were obtained and analyzed. The surface profiles of coated offset   papers are obtained on a Micro Measure 3D Station three-dimensional   non-contact profilometer for constructing the surface geometry of papers   in a graphical interface. A t(startswelling) value was found   characterizing the time of the beginning of fiber swelling in the paper   structure, which will allow setting the time for calculating the   numerical model. The obtained t95 and USI 70 indices are recommended for   an indirect assessment of the identity of a computer model to the actual   conditions for the onset of interaction and penetration of dampening   solutions into the paper pores.",10.1088/1742-6596/1546/1/012023
1261,Article,Digital Transformation and Governance Innovation for Public Biobanks and   Free/Libre Open Source Software Using a Blockchain Technology,"Digitalization and digital health are transforming research practices,   while economic growth is increasingly driven by the information commons.   In the case of biological sciences, information commons, such as public   biobanks and free/libre open source software (FLOSS), are of paramount   importance for both research and the bioeconomy. In a time of   digitalization, however, information commons are vulnerable to   violations, such as the free-rider problem, that render the commons   unsustainable. Consequently, it has been argued that the enclosure of   the informational common resources is the only means to effectively   exploit them. Given the social and economic importance of the   information commons, the new digital environment in biology and health   requires governance innovation that will regulate the social embedding   of the commons and their relationship to the free market, that is, a new   political economy is needed. In this context, the need for a core common   infrastructure, stretching from the physical to the logical and content   layer of the information environment, that will guarantee the protection   of the commons from both violations and enclosures, has been   highlighted. Focusing on the interaction between two   biological/bioinformatics commons, namely public biobanks and the FLOSS,   we have set up an ecosystem relying on a blockchain technology. The   proposed governance mechanism protects the information commons from the   free-rider problem and guarantees their sustainability without hampering   their operational framework. Our model demonstrates the interdependence   and protection of the information commons not as an abstract theoretical   exercise, but rather as a physical reality on the digital ontological   matrix.",10.1089/omi.2019.0178
1263,InProceedings,Do we use FLOSS in Software Engineering Education? Mapping the Profiles   and Practices of Higher Education Teachers from Brazil,"Context: Software Engineering (SE) is a key topic in undergraduate   computing-related courses that provides the basic knowledge and skills   necessary for professional practice in the software industry. Teaching   SE principles, concepts and practices and relating them to real-world   scenarios are challenging tasks, and the adoption of Free/Libre/Open   Source Software (FLOSS) projects can help to face these challenges. On   the other hand, using FLOSS projects as a didactic resource may   introduce additional challenges to professors that are not familiar with   the FLOSS ecosystem. Objective: This research aims to identify and map   the profiles of professors of SE courses in Brazil, as well as to   present the pedagogical practices used in the experience with FLOSS   projects in Software Engineering Education (SEE). Method: We performed a   survey with higher education professors in Brazil, used K-modes   algorithm to identify clusters and Decision Tree algorithm to identify   characteristics that determine the use of FLOSS projects in a sample of   professors who had not used this approach in the classroom. Results: The   results of the research revealed characteristics of professors who use,   or not, FLOSS projects in SEE, of professors grouped in the two clusters   generated by the application of the K-modes algorithm, of professors   grouped by the application of the Decision Tree algorithm, in addition   to presenting similar characteristics the pedagogical practices   evidenced by each group of SE professors.",10.1145/3422392.3422493
1265,Article,ESP3: An open-source software for the quantitative processing of   hydro-acoustic data,"ESP3 is an open-source software to process single-beam and split-beam   echosounder data. Multiple displays, analysis tools parameterizable   algorithms are available to the user to scrutinise their data, and a   scripting module allows applying these to entire surveys in batch   processing. The software infrastructure is designed to handle large   datasets with efficiency and consistency. With ESP3, one can implement   robust workflows combining automated methods and expert decision-making   to produce quantitative analysis of acoustic backscatter. While   originally designed to process acoustic surveys for fish biomass   estimation, ESP3 has also been used for studies of marine ecosystems and   marine geophysical applications. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by   Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.softx.2020.100581
1266,Article,Early healing of alveolar bone promoted by microRNA-21-loaded   nanoparticles combined with Bio-Oss particles,"Features of rapid loss and inadequate bone mass of alveolar bone after   teeth extraction are still great obstacles for a successful   subsequential dental implantation. MicroRNA-based therapy, though an   advantageous strategy in tissue regeneration, is still not available for   alveolar bone due to the unique complicated oral environment which is   full of enzymes and electrolytes. In this paper, a microRNA-activated   scaffold constituted of microRNA21 nanoparticles combined with porous   Bio-Oss particles was designed for the use of accelerating the early   stage healing of the alveolar bone. It was noteworthy that the   regeneration of alveolar bone was rapidly promoted to be shortened from   the ordinary 3 months to 2 weeks. The nanoparticles designed by us   according to the oral environment could protect microRNA from various   enzymes and electrolytes attack, leading to a steady, continuous, and   efficient delivery of gene. With the aid of porous Bio-Oss, microRNA-21   released in situ and its effects on highly reducing the recovery time   and improving the quality of newly formed bone at the alveolar site were   confirmed for the first time. Great potential could be seen for the   microRNA-mediated biofunctionalized scaffold on the future dental   application.",10.1016/j.cej.2020.126026
1268,InProceedings,Effects of Adopting Code Review Bots on Pull Requests to OSS Projects,"Software bots, which are widely adopted by Open Source Software (OSS)   projects, support developers on several activities, including code   review. However, as with any new technology adoption, bots may impact   group dynamics. Since understanding and anticipating such effects is   important for planning and management, we investigate how several   activity indicators change after the adoption of a code review bot. We   employed a regression discontinuity design on 1,194 software projects   from GitHub. Our results indicate that the adoption of code review bots   increases the number of monthly merged pull requests, decreases monthly   non-merged pull requests, and decreases communication among developers.   Practitioners and maintainers may leverage our results to understand, or   even predict, bot effects on their projects' social interactions.",10.1109/ICSME46990.2020.00011
1269,Article,Entropy based Software Reliability Growth Modelling for Open Source   Software Evolution,"During Open Source Software (OSS) development, users submit ``new   features (NFs){''}, ``feature improvements (IMPs){''} and bugs to fix. A   proportion of these issues get fixed before the next software release.   During the introduction of NFs and IMPs, the source code files change. A   proportion of these source code changes may result in generation of   bugs. We have developed calendar time and entropy-dependent mathematical   models to represent the growth of OSS based on the rate at which NFs are   added, IMPs are added, and bugs introduction rate.The empirical   validation has been conducted on five products, namely ``Avro, Pig,   Hive, jUDDI and Whirr{''} of the Apache open source project. We compared   the proposed models with eminent reliability growth models, Goel and   Okumoto (1979) and Yamada et al. (1983) and found that the proposed   models exhibit better goodness of fit.",10.17559/TV-20181031061451
1270,Article,Entropy-Based Two-Dimensional Software Reliability Growth Modeling for   Open-Source Software Incorporating Change-Point,"This study provides an analytical model to predict the fixing pattern of   issues in the open-source software (OSS) packages to assist developers   in software development and maintenance. Moreover, the continuous   evolution of software due to bugs removal, new features addition or   existing features modification results in the source code complexity.   The proposed model quantifies the complexity in the source code using   the Shannon entropy measure. In addition, the issues fixing growth   behavior is viewed as a function of continuation time of the software in   the field environment and amount of uncertainty or complexity present in   the source code. Therefore, a two-dimensional function called   Cobb-Douglas production function is applied to model the intensity   function of the issues fixing rate. Furthermore, the rate of fixing the   different issue types is considered variable that may alter after   certain time points. Thus, this study incorporates the concept of   multiple change-points to predict and assess the fixing behavior of   issues in the software system. The performance of the proposed model is   validated by fitting the proposed model to the actual issues data of   three open-source projects. Findings of the data analysis exhibit   excellent prediction and estimation capability of the model.",10.1142/S0218539320400094
1271,Article,FLOSS DEVELOPMENT AND PEER GOVERNANCE: THE CASE OF THE GNOME DESKTOP   ENVIRONMENT,"Objective of the study: The article analyzes the case of GNOME, one of   the most popular Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects,   started in 1997. The concept of peer governance describes the   interaction and convergence of companies, foundations, voluntary users   and professionals in its development.   Methodology/approach: The research is based on the documentary method   and an organizational history approach. For this, primary and secondary   digital sources were collected: institutional and FLOSS sites, blogs,   community lists, documents and platforms.   Originality/Relevance: The work allows progress, from a sociotechnical   perspective, in understanding FLOSS developments and the coevolution of   their technical components and community dynamics.   Main results: Three levels of governance are identified: 1. the software   itself; 2. the community; 3. the ecosystem. Development cycles;   community participation and organization; actors and business models,   definitions and controversies, are analyzed. GNOME's trajectory is   marked by the confluence of interests and coopetition between corporate   actors and the FLOSS ecosystem. The life cycle shows a constant   activity, which implies redefinition of its components, technological   infrastructure and leadership. It is not exempt from controversies and   bifurcations, similar to those evidenced in projects of this type.   Theoretical/methodological contributions: It contributes to the concept   of peer governance and its usefulness for case analysis. Reflection on   data sources and research resources on the Internet is promoted.   Social/managerial contributions: It contributes to the understanding of   new forms of management and decision-making in technological development   projects.",10.5585/iji.v8i3.17114
1272,Article,FOREIGN FREE SOFTWARE FOR COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY INFORMATION SYSTEMS,"Free software enables its free use by anyone under observance of user   proprietary rights. The authors review the market of free computerized   library information systems. The origins for applying free ALIS are   specified; free Evergreen. Koha ALIS are characterized and compared; the   list of foreign free ALIS, date and state of development are specified.   The methodology for ALIS market estimation is suggested; the role of   ALIS developing and related communities is emphasized. The library and   designer aspects of ALIS development are described. The new phenomenon   of ``donation culture{''} emerged due to implementing free software in   libraries. The typical copyright conflict around Koha ALIS between   proprietors and independent designers (the latter won with establishing   community trust) is described. Using free ALIS follows the general trend   of applying free software in public offices, with all advantages and   disadvantages of this information infrastructure. As a result, free   software is often opposed by the proprietary one, however both   components make the competitive market offering users to make choice of   ALIS of appropriate price/quality balance.",10.33186/1027-3689-2020-3-69-78
1273,Article,FREE SOFTWARE AS A TOOL FOR A QUALITY EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA,"This paper presents a documentary research about Free Software, their   background, main features, principles, successful experiences,   advantages, disadvantages and valuation as the best choice for the Latin   American educational sector. The methodology used was the electronic   information application, and the review of literature on the subject. It   exposes a set of considerations and sociocultural-economic reasons that   justify the use of the liberating information technologies in the   education sector in Latin America, mainly free software both in the   processes of teaching and learning as in administrative processes,   against the option of using proprietary software. Through an historical   and conceptual overview of free software that lead to conclude that free   Software has become in the future a safe, economical and efficient   computerization of the Latin American educational system, showing as a   tool to achieve a shift towards one quality education, at the same time   that is moving toward the consolidation of the technological   independence of the region.",NA
1274,Article,FlopR: An Open Source Software Package for Calibration and Normalization   of Plate Reader and Flow Cytometry Data,"The measurement of gene expression using fluorescence markers has been a   cornerstone of synthetic biology for the past two decades. However, the   use of arbitrary units has limited the usefulness of these data for many   quantitative purposes. Calibration of fluorescence measurements from   flow cytometry and plate reader spectrophotometry has been implemented   previously, but the tools are disjointed. Here we pull together, and in   some cases improve, extant methods into a single software tool, written   as a package in the R statistical framework. The workflow is validated   using Escherichia coli engineered to express green fluorescent protein   (GFP) from a set of commonly used constitutive promoters. We then   demonstrate the package's power by identifying the time evolution of   distinct subpopulations of bacteria from bulk plate reader data, a task   previously reliant on laborious flow cytometry or colony counting   experiments. Along with standardized parts and experimental methods, the   development and dissemination of usable tools for quantitative   measurement and data analysis will benefit the synthetic biology   community by improving interoperability.",10.1021/acssynbio.0c00296
1275,Article,Four-dimensional virtual reality cine cardiac models using free   open-source software,"This is a proof-of-concept study to create a four-dimensional (4-D) cine   model of the heart and visualize it in virtual reality by using freely   available open-source software and inexpensive hardware.   Four-dimensional cine models allow for real-time visualization of   cardiac structures during processes such as complex congenital heart   disease. Such models can be used for patient and trainee education, and   potentially for surgical planning. Currently, 3-D printed models are   more commonly used, but they are static, showing only one selected phase   of the cardiac cycle. Second, they are limited by the selection of   clipping planes before printing. Four-dimensional segmentation and   virtual reality visualization overcome these limitations. Currently,   most of the work in virtual/augmented reality models involves the   segmentation of one cardiac phase or the use of expensive software for   multiphase segmentation. In this study, we show an approach for   multiphase cardiac segmentation as well as its display using free   open-source software and relatively inexpensive hardware.",10.1007/s00247-020-04758-2
1276,Article,Fusion of Sentinel-1 with Official Topographic and Cadastral Geodata for   Crop-Type Enriched LULC Mapping Using FOSS and Open Data,"Accurate crop-type maps are urgently needed as input data for various   applications, leading to improved planning and more sustainable use of   resources. Satellite remote sensing is the optimal tool to provide such   data. Images from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite sensors are   preferably used as they work regardless of cloud coverage during image   acquisition. However, processing of SAR is more complicated and the   sensors have development potential. Dealing with such a complexity,   current studies should aim to be reproducible, open, and built upon free   and open-source software (FOSS). Thereby, the data can be reused to   develop and validate new algorithms or improve the ones already in use.   This paper presents a case study of crop classification from microwave   remote sensing, relying on open data and open software only. We used 70   multitemporal microwave remote sensing images from the Sentinel-1   satellite. A high-resolution, high-precision digital elevation model   (DEM) assisted the preprocessing. The multi-data approach (MDA) was used   as a framework enabling to demonstrate the benefits of including   external cadastral data. It was used to identify the agricultural area   prior to the classification and to create land use/land cover (LULC)   maps which also include the annually changing crop types that are   usually missing in official geodata. All the software used in this study   is open-source, such as the Sentinel Application Toolbox (SNAP), Orfeo   Toolbox, R, and QGIS. The produced geodata, all input data, and several   intermediate data are openly shared in a research database. Validation   using an independent validation dataset showed a high overall accuracy   of 96.7\\% with differentiation into 11 different crop-classes.",10.3390/ijgi9020120
1277,InProceedings,Gathering GitHub OSS Requirements from Q\\&A Community: an Empirical   Study,"Cross-cornrnunity collaboration can exploit the expertise and knowledges   of crowds in different communities. Recently increasing users in open   source software (OSS) community like Citllub attempt to gather software   requirements from question and answer (Q\\&A) communities such as Stack   Overflow (SO). In order to investigate this emerging crosscommunity   collaboration phenomenon, the paper presents an exploratory study on   cross-community requirements gathering of OSS projects in Cialut. We   manually sample 3266 practice cases and quantitatively analyze the   popularity of the phenomenon, the characteristics of the gathered   requirements, and cross-community collaboration behaviors of users.   Sonic important findings are obtained: more than half of the   requirements gathered from SO are enhancements and the majority of the   gathered requirements are non-functional requirements. In addition, 055   developers can directly obtain related solutions and contributions of   the gathered requirements from SO in the gathering process.",10.1109/ICECCS51672.2020.00024
1278,Article,GlassesViewer: Open-source software for viewing and analyzing data from   the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 eye tracker,"We present GlassesViewer, open-source software for viewing and analyzing   eye-tracking data of the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 head-mounted eye tracker as   well as the scene and eye videos and other data streams (pupil size,   gyroscope, accelerometer, and TTL input) that this headset can record.   The software provides the following functionality written in MATLAB: (1)   a graphical interface for navigating the study- and recording structure   produced by the Tobii Glasses 2; (2) functionality to unpack, parse, and   synchronize the various data and video streams comprising a Glasses 2   recording; and (3) a graphical interface for viewing the Glasses 2's   gaze direction, pupil size, gyroscope and accelerometer time-series   data, along with the recorded scene and eye camera videos. In this   latter interface, segments of data can furthermore be labeled through   user-provided event classification algorithms or by means of manual   annotation. Lastly, the toolbox provides integration with the GazeCode   tool by Benjamins et al. (2018), enabling a completely open-source   workflow for analyzing Tobii Pro Glasses 2 recordings.",10.3758/s13428-019-01314-1
1279,Article,HemoDownloader: Open source software utility to extract data from   HemoCue HbA1c 501 devices in epidemiological studies of diabetes   mellitus,"Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease with increasing global   prevalence. Point-of-care analysis of glycated hemoglobin A (HbA(1c))   holds promise as a diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus in   epidemiological studies in challenging environments with limited access   to centralized biochemical labs. The HemoCue HbA1c 501 device can be   used for point-of-care determination of HbA(1c), but its usability in   epidemiological studies is limited by its inability to export results in   digital format. We have developed the open source HemoDownloader   software to overcome this limitation of the device. HemoDownloader has   an easy-to-use graphical user interface and can export data from HemoCue   HbA1c 501 to standard spreadsheet file formats. The program has the   potential to improve data collection and management in epidemiological   studies of diabetes mellitus.",10.1371/journal.pone.0242087
1280,Article,Hidden Figures: Roles and Pathways of Successful OSS Contributors,"Open Source Software (OSS) development is a collaborative endeavor where expert developers, distributed around the globe create software solutions. Given this characteristic, OSS communities have been studied as technical communities, where stakeholders join and evolve in their careers based on their (often voluntary) code contributions to the project. However, the OSS landscape is slowly changing with more people and companies getting involved in OSS. This means that projects now need people in non-technical roles and activities to keep the project sustainable and evolving. In this paper, we focus on understanding the roles and activities that are part of the current OSS landscape and the different career pathways in OSS. By conducting and analyzing 17 interviews with OSS contributors who are well known in the community, we provide empirical evidence of the existence and importance of community-centric roles (e.g advocate, license manager, community founder) in addition to the well-known project-centric ones (e.g maintainer, core member). However, the community-centric roles typically remain hidden, since these roles may not leave traces in software repositories typically analyzed by researchers. We found that people can build a career in OSS through different roles and activities, with different backgrounds, including those not related to writing software. Furthermore, people's career pathways are fluid, moving between project and community-centric roles. Our work highlights that communities and researchers need to take action to acknowledge the importance of these varied roles, making these roles visible and well-recognized, which can ultimately help attract and retain more people in the OSS projects.",10.1145/3415251
1282,InProceedings,How Do FOSS Communities Decide to Accept Pull Requests?,"Pull requests are a method to facilitate review and management of contribution in distributed software development. Software developers author commits, and present them in a pull request to be inspected by maintainers and reviewers. The success and sustainability of communities depends on ongoing contributions, but rejections decrease motivation of contributors. We carried out a a qualitative study to understand the mechanisms of evaluating PRs in open source software (FOSS) communities from developers and maintainers perspective. We interviewed 30 participants from five different FOSS communities. The data shows that acceptance of contributions depends not only on technical criteria, but also significantly on social and strategic aspects. This paper identifies three PR governance styles found in the studied communities: (1) protective, (2) equitable and (3) lenient. Each one of these styles has its particularities. While the protective style values trustworthiness and reliability of the contributor, the lenient style believes in creating a positive and welcoming environment where contributors are mentored to evolve contributions until they meet the community standards. Despite the differences, these governance styles have a commonality, they all safeguard the quality of the software.",10.1145/3383219.3383242
1284,Article,How is Open Source Software Development Different in Popular IoT   Projects?,"From the software point of view, the development of IoT applications   differs from other kinds of applications due to the specific features   that the former exhibit. In this paper, we investigate how developers   contribute to IoT applications in the Open Source Software (OSS)   context, to gain a deeper understanding of how their work differs from   that of non-IoT applications. To that end, we conducted a quantitative   analysis of a broad set of the 60 most popular publicly available IoT   and non-IoT projects on GitHub. By comparing how developers contribute   to these projects, our analysis provides insight into the purpose and   characteristics of the code, the behavior of the contributors, and the   maturity of the IoT software development ecosystem. Results reveal   significant differences between IoT and non-IoT application development,   in terms of how applications are realized, in the diversity of   developers; specializations, and in how code is reused. This work   provides evidence about some Open Source IoT software development   peculiarities to be considered by future research efforts aimed at   better satisfying software engineering needs in the IoT scenario.",10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2972364
1285,Article,Hybrid Overlap Filter for LiDAR Point Clouds Using Free Software,"Despite the large amounts of resources destined to developing filtering   algorithms of LiDAR point clouds in order to obtain a Digital Terrain   Model (DTM), the task remains a challenge. As a society advancing   towards the democratization of information and collaborative processes,   the researchers should not only focus on improving the efficacy of   filters, but should also consider the users' needs with a view toward   improving the usability and accessibility of the filters in order to   develop tools that will provide solutions to the challenges facing this   field of study. In this work, we describe the Hybrid Overlap Filter   (HyOF), a new filtering algorithm implemented in the free R software   environment. The flow diagram of HyOF differs in the following ways from   that of other filters developed to date: (1) the algorithm is formed by   a combination of sequentially operating functions (i.e., the output of   the first function provides the input of the second), which are capable   of functioning independently and thus enabling integration of these   functions with other filtering algorithms; (2) the variable   penetrability is defined and used, along with slope and elevation, to   identify ground points; (3) prior to selection of the seed points, the   original point cloud is processed with the aim of removing points   corresponding to buildings; and (4) a new method based on a moving   window, with longitudinal overlap between windows and transverse overlap   between passes, is used to select the seed points. Our hybrid filtering   method is tested using 15 reference samples acquired by the   International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) and   is evaluated in comparison with 33 existing filtering algorithms. The   results show that our hybrid filtering method produces an average total   error of 3.34\\% and an average Kappa coefficient of 92.62\\%. The   proposed algorithm is one of the most accurate filters that has been   tested with the ISPRS reference samples.",10.3390/rs12071051
1286,Article,Hydrovise: A non-proprietary open-source software for hydrologic model   and data visualization and evaluation,"The authors developed a non-proprietary web-browser based open-source   software that allows users to visualize and evaluate hydrologic   space-time data in an interactive environment. Hydrovise is client-side   browser-based software that interprets a configuration file to construct   control elements in the Graphical User Interface for visualizations of   space-time data and model simulation evaluations. It leverages the   concept of three-dimensional data cubes that facilitate query in space,   time, and variable dimension(s) without the requirement for a database   system. Using a configuration file, users can define data sources as   local file system resources and or external data sources (e.g., online   data services). This capability makes Hydrovise a flexible and portable   solution where users can share their hydrologic data in an interactive   web environment. This paper provides the software description with four   distinct example use cases including, but not limited to, time-series   data visualization and evaluation, grid-based and river network-based   data visualizations.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104853
1287,Article,IOCBIO Kinetics: An open-source software solution for analysis of data   traces,"Biological measurements frequently involve measuring parameters as a   function of time, space, or frequency. Later, during the analysis phase   of the study, the researcher splits the recorded data trace into smaller   sections, analyzes each section separately by finding a mean or fitting   against a specified function, and uses the analysis results in the   study. Here, we present the software that allows to analyze these data   traces in a manner that ensures repeatability of the analysis and   simplifies the application of FAIR (findability, accessibility,   interoperability, and reusability) principles in such studies. At the   same time, it simplifies the routine data analysis pipeline and gives   access to a fast overview of the analysis results. For that, the   software supports reading the raw data, processing the data as specified   in the protocol, and storing all intermediate results in the laboratory   database. The software can be extended by study- or hardware-specific   modules to provide the required data import and analysis facilities. To   simplify the development of the data entry web interfaces, that can be   used to enter data describing the experiments, we released a web   framework with an example implementation of such a site. The software is   covered by open-source license and is available through several online   channels.   Author summary   In biological and other types of experiments, we frequently record   changes of some parameters in time or space. It is common to analyze the   data by splitting the recording into smaller sections and relating it to   some changes induced by the researchers. The steps involved in the   analysis are: splitting of the data, fitting them to some function,   relating the fit result to the change in the environment, and   normalization. These steps are frequently done through several software   packages, spreedsheets, and manual copy and paste between the programs.   The software presented in this work allows to make all these analysis   steps in one database in a manner that is easy, can be reproduced by   others, and clearly tracks the history of all the analysis steps. In   addition, it allows to link the experimental data with the description   of the experiment, making it simple to perform tasks such as   normalization of the recorded values, relating experimental recordings   to the sample or animal, as well as extracting data from the laboratory   database for publishing. The software is written to be easily extendable   by user-defined modules to fit the analysis pipelines and is expected to   improve the data analysis practices in research.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008475
1288,InProceedings,Impact of Developers Sentiments on Practices and Artifacts in Open   Source Software Projects: A Systematic Literature Review,"Context: Sentiment Analysis proposes the use of Software Engineering   techniques for automated identification of human behavior. There is a   growing interest in the use of Sentiment Analysis in topics related to   Computing, more specifically in Software Engineering itself. Objective:   Analyze the impact of developers sentiments on software practices and   artifacts in open source software projects. Methods: We conducted a   Systematic Review to collect evidence from the literature regarding the   impacts of developers sentiments on software practices and artifacts.   Results: We have found that the growing number of studies in this area   provides greater visibility of the direct influence of developers   sentiments on software practices. Practices associated with developers   productivity and collaboration, along with source code, are the most   vulnerable to sentiments variation. Conclusions: With the results   presented, we hope to contribute to the discussion about the potential   of improvement the social environment quality of software projects, as   the sentiments of developers can positively or negatively impact   software practices and artifacts.",10.5220/0009313200310042
1289,InProceedings,Industry Best Practices for Component Approval in FLOSS Governance,"Increasingly companies realize the value of using free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) in their products, but need to manage the associated risks. Leading companies introduce open source governance as a solution. A key aspect of corporate FLOSS governance deals with choosing and evaluating open source components for use in products. Following an industry-based research approach, we present 13 best practices in the pattern format of context-problem-solutions paired with consequences. In this paper, we cover an excerpt of the Component Approval section of our FLOSS governance handbook. This article builds upon our previous EuroPLoP publication covering Component Reuse in FLOSS governance processes, as well as other publications on the topic. Analyzing qualitative data gathered from 15 expert interviews, we derive and interconnect the common industry recommendations for reviewing, tracking, and approving open source components in a company environment. We conclude by presenting workflow templates that put various best practices in relation to each other.",10.1145/3424771.3424791
1290,InProceedings,Influence of environmental conditions in the performance of open-source   software for facial expression recognition,"The automatic and real-time recognition of the user's emotional state is   a feature that can provide benefits for different areas of   Human-Computer Interaction. The scientific literature presents several   techniques that can be used to recognize the user's emotional state.   However, many techniques involve the use of sensors that can result in   financial costs and cause discomfort to the user. In this scenario, the   recognition of the emotional state through the analysis of facial   expressions presents itself as a useful and practical approach, since it   does not involve the use of sensors attached to the user's body and   executed in different types of devices. Despite these advantages,   software that allow the analysis of facial expressions for free are   still incipient, and performance evaluation of this type of software   usually is not available. In order to contribute to this context and   assist researchers who need this type of software, this study presents a   comparative analysis of two open-source emotion recognition software   ({''}CLMTrackr{''} and ``Face-api.js{''}) simulating different   environmental conditions related to lighting and distance. Considering   images from two datasets, we generate 8675 videos simulating 25   different environmental conditions. Our results indicate that the   environmental conditions did not cause major impacts on the accuracy of   the software, and CLMTrackr and Face-api.js, presented, respectively,   28\\% and 64\\% of average accuracy.",10.1145/3424953.3426630
1292,Article,Investigating the vulnerability fixing process in OSS projects:   Peculiarities and challenges,"Although vulnerabilities can be considered and treated as bugs, they   present numerous pe-culiarities compared to other types of bugs   (canonical bugs in the remainder of the paper). A vulnerability adds   functionality to a system, as it allows an adversary to misuse or abuse   the system, while a canonical bug is an incomplete or incorrect   implementation of a requirement, and thus degrades the functionality of   the system. This difference can affect the fixing process of   vulnerabilities. By mining the repositories of 6 open source projects,   we characterize the differences in the fixing process between   vulnerabilities and canonical bugs, highlighting critical issues which   could represent challenges for future research. Results of our study   demonstrate that: (i) more re-assignments (than the ones observed in   canonical bugs) are required for finding the developers able to handle   vulnerability-related bugs, (ii) developers' security-related skills   should be profiled, to improve the efficiency of the security bug   assignment tasks, and, consequently, reduce the re-assignments, and   (iii) vulnerabilities require more effort, contributors and time to   define the fixing strategy but smaller time to fix than canonical bugs.   (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cose.2070.10706
1293,Article,JOINUS: A User-Friendly Open-Source Software to Simulate Digital   Superconductor Circuits,"Single-flux-quantum-based circuits are the subjects of renewed attention   due to their high speed and very high energy efficiency. However, the   need of cryogenic temperature, the complex physics of Josephson   junctions, and the lack of proper electronic design automation (EDA)   tools causes slow progress in the field of superconducting electronics.   In this article, we introduce a new open-source program named JOsephson   INterface Utility Software (JOINUS) that incorporates simulation program   with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE)-based simulator engines,   improved physical models, and several powerful built-in routines. JOINUS   is based on a user-friendly environment available on Linux, MacOS, and   Windows platforms to simplify the design and analysis of superconducting   digital circuits.",10.1109/TASC.2020.2976600
1294,InProceedings,Knowledge Unchained or Strategically Overseen? Knowledge Management in   Open Source Software Projects,"The term ``open source software{''} was formally introduced in the early   2000s to describe source code which are available to the public to be   used and modified by anyone. Like any innovative idea attaining a   certain maturity level, open source communities have reached a degree of   formalization in their structures and practices. This also holds for   knowledge management and its related measures in open source   communities. Therefore, we investigate the patterns and structures in   communication and collaboration of the currently most successful open   source software projects through a case study approach. Herewith, we   reveal how the different knowledge management aspects are practiced in   these internet communities. Due to the projects' success, we identify   similarities as good practices and derive practical recommendations for   action for other open source communities as well as research   opportunities regarding knowledge management in open source software   projects.",NA
1295,Article,LBsoft: A parallel open-source software for simulation of colloidal   systems,"We present LBsoft, an open-source software developed mainly to simulate   the hydro-dynamics of colloidal systems based on the concurrent coupling   between lattice Boltzmann methods for the fluid and discrete particle   dynamics for the colloids. Such coupling has been developed before, but,   to the best of our knowledge, no detailed discussion of the programming   issues to be faced in order to attain efficient implementation on   parallel architectures, has ever been presented to date. In this paper,   we describe in detail the underlying multi-scale models, their coupling   procedure, along side with a description of the relevant input   variables, to facilitate third-parties usage.   The code is designed to exploit parallel computing platforms, taking   advantage also of the recent AVX-512 instruction set. We focus on LBsoft   structure, functionality, parallel implementation, performance and   availability, so as to facilitate the access to this computational tool   to the research community in the field.   The capabilities of LBsoft are highlighted for a number of prototypical   case studies, such as pickering emulsions, bicontinuous systems, as well   as an original study of the coarsening process in confined bijels under   shear.   Program summary   Program Title: LBsoft CPC Library link to program files:   http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/dvpfx9p342.1   Licensing provisions: BSD 3-Clause License   Programming language: Fortran 95   Nature of problem: Hydro-dynamics of the colloidal multi-component   systems and Pickering emulsions.   Solution method: Numerical solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations by   Lattice-Boltzmann (lattice-Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook, LBGK) method {[}1]   describing the fluid dynamics within an Eulerian description. Numerical   solutions to the equations of motion describing a set of discrete   colloidal particles within a Lagrangian representation coupled to the   LBGK solver {[}2]. The numerical solution of the coupling algorithm   includes the back reaction effects for each force term following a   multi-scale paradigm. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107455
1296,Article,Large-scale refactoring challenges and coordination in open source software development,"Increasingly complicated software makes it difficult to attract or maintain open source software (OSS) contributors. Faced with such challenges of increasingly complicated software design, large-scale refactoring that radically restructures the architecture of the software can be one of the solutions. In this study, we investigate and illustrate how OSS contributors accomplish large-scale refactoring in OSS development in which there is no significant corporate participation. In our observations, as the costs of coordination requirements rise, OSS contributors increase coordination capability to manage dependencies among multiple sources during the large-scale refactoring periods. Our findings suggest that OSS contributors episodically use traditional coordination mechanisms during the large-scale refactoring periods. Our study provides actionable insights into how OSS contributors make joint action that cannot be achieved by individuals working independently and use the provision of rewards in order to achieve a shared, explicit goal of large-scale refactoring.",10.1504/IJISAM.2020.110552
1297,Article,Leading successful government-academia collaborations using FLOSS and   agile values,"Government and academia share concerns for efficiently and effectively   servicing societal demands, which includes the development of   e-government software. Government-academia partnerships can be a   valuable approach for improving productivity in achieving these goals.   However, governmental and academic institutions tend to have very   different agendas and organizational and managerial structures, which   can hinder the success of such collaborative projects. In order to   identify effective approaches to overcome collaboration barriers, we   systematically studied the case of the Brazilian Public Software portal   project, a 30-month government-academia collaboration that, using   Free/Libre/Open Source Software practices and agile methods for project   management, developed an unprecedented platform in the context of the   Brazilian government. We gathered information from experience reports   and data collection from repositories and interviews to derive a   collection of practices that contributed to the success of the   collaboration. In this paper, we describe how the data analysis led to   the identification of a set of three high-level decisions supported by   the adoption of nine best practices that improved the project   performance and enabled professional training of the whole team. (C)   2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2020.110548
1299,Article,Learning to detect community smells in open source software projects,"Community smells are symptoms of organizational and social issues within   the software development community that often lead to additional project   costs. Recent studies identified a variety of community smells and   defined them as sub-optimal patterns connected to organizational-social   structures in the software development community. To early detect and   discover existence of potential community smells in a software project,   we introduce, in this paper, a novel machine learning-based detection   approach, named CSDETECTOR, that learns from various existing bad   community development practices to provide automated support in   detecting such community smells. In particular, our approach learns from   a set of organizational-social symptoms that characterize the existence   of potential instances of community smells in a software project. We   built a detection model using Decision Tree by adopting the C4.5   classifier to identify eight commonly occurring community smells in   software projects. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we   conduct an empirical study on a benchmark of 74 open source projects   from Github. Our statistical results show a high performance of   CSDETECTOR, achieving an average accuracy of 96\\% and AUC of 0.94.   Moreover, our results indicate that the CSDETECTOR outperforms two   recent state-of-the-art techniques in terms of detection accuracy.   Finally, we investigate the most influential community-related metrics   to identify each community smell type. We found that the number of   commits and developers per time zone, the number of developers per   community, and the social network betweenness and closeness centrality   are the most influential community characteristics. (C) 2020 Elsevier   B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106201
1300,InProceedings,"LibreFoodPantry: Developing a Multi-Institutional, Faculty-Led,   Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software Community","Engaging students in humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS)   projects allows them to gain real-world software development skills   while helping society. Participating in an existing HFOSS project,   although ripe with learning opportunities, presents a number of hurdles   for faculty and students. An alternative to joining an existing HFOSS   project community is to participate in a faculty-led HFOSS project.   These projects provide the instructor with more control over the   learning environment, but often lack an active community outside of the   classroom. This paper describes a multi-institutional effort to engage a   community of developers in creating humanitarian open source projects to   support their on-campus food pantries. Food insecurity on campus has   become a national concern and many institutions have, or are starting,   food pantries to support the student, staff, and faculty community.   Starting a faculty-led HFOSS project involves making decisions not only   about the features of the project but also about community norms, tool   choices, project development workflow, and inter-institution   cooperation. This paper provides an overview of the creation of Libre   Food Pantry, a community who is developing a suite of projects that   support on-campus food pantries. It describes instances of using Libre   Food Pantry's projects in various classroom settings, the lessons   learned from these experiences, and the resulting discussions and   decisions made by the Libre Food Pantry Coordinating Committee. This   process has led to a community dedicated to easing the on-ramp for   faculty who want to help their students contribute to an HFOSS project.",10.1145/3328778.3366929
1302,Article,"LibreFoodPantry: developing a multi-institutional, faculty-led, humanitarian free and open source software community","Engaging students in humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) projects allows them to gain real-world software development skills while helping society. For years the authors have been working to encourage student and faculty participation in HFOSS projects and communities, but they have found that participating in an existing HFOSS project, although ripe with learning opportunities, presents a number of hurdles for faculty and students. An alternative to joining an existing HFOSS project community is to participate in a faculty-led HFOSS project. These projects provide the instructor with more control over the learning environment, but often lack an active community outside of the classroom.",NA
1303,InProceedings,Long-Term Evaluation of Technical Debt in Open-Source Software,"Background: A consistent body of research and practice have identified that technical debt provides valuable and actionable insight into the design and implementation deficiencies of complex software systems. Existing software tools enable characterizing and measuring the amount of technical debt at selective granularity levels; by providing a computational model, they enable stakeholders to measure and ultimately control this phenomenon. Aims: In this paper we aim to study the evolution and characteristics of technical debt in open-source software. For this, we carry out a longitudinal study that covers the entire development history of several complex applications. The goal is to improve our understanding of how the amount and composition of technical debt changes in evolving software. We also study how new technical debt is introduced in software, as well as identify how developers handle its accumulation over the long term. Method: We carried out our evaluation using three complex, open-source Java applications. All 110 released versions, covering more than 10 years of development history for each application were analyzed using SonarQube. We studied how the amount, composition and history of technical debt changed during development, compared our results across the studied applications and present our most important findings. Results: For each application, we identified key versions during which large amounts of technical debt were added, removed or both. This had significantly more impact when compared to the lines of code or class count increases that generally occurred during development. However, within each version, we found high correlation between file lines of code and technical debt. We observed that the Pareto principle was satisfied for the studied applications, as 20% of issue types generated around 80% of total technical debt. Interestingly, there was a large degree of overlap between the issues that generated most of the debt across the studied applications. Conclusions: Early application versions showed greater fluctuation in the amount of existing technical debt. We found application size to be an unreliable predictor for the quantity of technical debt. Most debt was introduced in applications as part of milestone releases that expanded their feature set; likewise, we identified releases where extensive refactoring significantly reduced the level of debt. We also discovered that technical debt issues persist for a long time in source code, and their removal did not appear to be prioritized according to type or severity.",10.1145/3382494.3410673
1304,Article,M-BiRank: co-ranking developers and projects using multiple   developer-project interactions in open source software community,"Social collaborative coding is a popular trend in software development,   and such platforms as GitHub provide rich social and technical   functionalities for developers to collaborate on open source projects   through multiple interactions. Developers often follow popular   developers and projects for learning, technical selection, and   collaboration. Thus, identifying popular developers and projects is very   meaningful. In this paper, we propose a multiplex bipartite network   ranking model, M-BiRank, to co-rank developers and projects using   multiple developer-project interactions. Firstly, multiple   developer-project interactions such as commit, issue, and watch are   extracted and a multiplex developer-project bipartite network is   constructed. Secondly, a random layer is selected from this multiplex   bipartite network and initial ranking scores are calculated for   developers and projects using BiRank. Finally, initial ranking scores   diffuse to other layers and mutual reinforcement is taken into   consideration to iteratively calculate ranking scores of developers and   projects in different layers. Experiments on real-world GitHub dataset   show that M-BiRank outperforms degree centrality, traditional single   layer ranking methods, and multiplex ranking method.",10.1186/s13638-020-01820-3
1305,Article,MG-APP: an open-source software for multi-GNSS precise point positioning   and application analysis,"To meet the demands of research and precise point positioning (PPP) in a   multi-GNSS environment, we developed a GNSS data processing software   named multi-GNSS automatic precise positioning software (MG-APP). MG-APP   is an open-source software that can be run on Windows/Linux/UNIX and   other operating systems. It can simultaneously process   GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo observations using a Kalman filter or a square   root information filter (SRIF). Compared to the Kalman filter, the SRIF   has better numerical stability and maintains stable convergence even   with a significant round-off error. MG-APP has a comprehensive and   friendly graphical user interface that conveniently allows the user to   select models and set parameters. It also contains several types of   tropospheric and estimation models that make it easy to analyze the   impact of different models and parameters on PPP data processing. After   the data processing finishes, zenith tropospheric delays, receiver clock   offsets, satellite ambiguity parameters, observation residuals, and   other results will be saved into files. Users can further analyze the   solution results and construct graphs easily.",10.1007/s10291-020-00976-1
1306,Article,MORE IS NOT NECESSARILY BETTER: AN ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY PERSPECTIVE ON   NETWORK EFFECTS IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITIES,"Previous research has predominantly taken a social network perspective   suggesting that building more network connections or becoming deeply   embedded in a network provides a better position to access network   knowledge in open source software communities. This perspective   implicitly assumes that accessed network knowledge automatically gets   absorbed and transferred to projects, so that building more and deeper   network connections is beneficial: Drawing from an absorptive capacity   perspective, this research challenges such conventional wisdom, arguing   instead that the benefits depend on a project's absorptive capacity.   Network connections provide access to external knowledge in the   community; the absorption and transfer of this new knowledge require   appropriate internal knowledge and developer roles. With longitudinal   data collected from 4,518 open source software development projects   hosted at Source-Forge, the authors show that knowledge breadth (depth)   helps with the absorption of external knowledge achieved from network   depth (breadth), but it inhibits the absorption of external knowledge   obtained from network breadth (depth). Further, developer roles (e.g.,   bridge members, role diversity) can mitigate the negative consequences   of suboptimal combinations and facilitate effective transfers of   absorbed external knowledge across and within projects. These findings   provide important theoretical and managerial implications for managing   network connections, knowledge, and developer roles in open source   software communities.",10.25300/MISQ/2020/13991
1307,Article,Maintaining interoperability in open source software: A case study of   the Apache PDFBox project,"Software interoperability is commonly achieved through the   implementation of standards for communication protocols or data   representation formats. Standards documents are often complex, difficult   to interpret, and may contain errors and inconsistencies, which can lead   to differing interpretations and implementations that inhibit   interoperability. Through a case study of two years of activity in the   Apache PDFBox project we examine day-to-day decisions made concerning   implementation of the PDF specifications and standards in a community   open source software (OSS) project. Thematic analysis is used to   identify semantic themes describing the context of observed decisions   concerning interoperability. Fundamental decision types are identified   including emulation of the behaviour of dominant implementations and the   extent to which to implement the PDF standards. Many factors influencing   the decisions are related to the sustainability of the project itself,   while other influences result from decisions made by external actors,   including the developers of dependencies of PDFBox. This article   contributes a fine grained perspective of decision-making about software   interoperability by contributors to a community OSS project. The study   identifies how decisions made support the continuing technical relevance   of the software, and factors that motivate and constrain project   activity. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an   open access article under the CC BY license.   (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",10.1016/j.jss.2019.110452
1309,InProceedings,Managing Code Debt in Open Source Software Development Projects: A   Digital Options Perspective,"In this study, we examine the impact of three commonly used digital   options on the accumulation of code debt in open source software   development (OSSD) projects. Further, we examine the impact of code debt   on three measures of OSSD project performance. Specifically, we   hypothesize that increased use of defer options and abandon options is   negatively related to the accumulation of code debt, while increased use   of growth options is positively related to the accumulation of code   debt. Further, we hypothesize that while the accumulation of code debt   is negatively related to a project's market success and the engagement   of peripheral developers, it is positively related to the engagement of   core developers. To test our hypotheses, we plan to collect and analyze   project data from a leading OSSD platform. We expect our findings to   provide new theoretical perspectives for researchers and actionable   insights for software practitioners.",NA
1310,Article,Mapping of land cover with open-source software and   ultra-high-resolution imagery acquired with unmanned aerial vehicles,"The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to map and monitor the   environment has increased sharply in the last few years. Many   individuals and organizations have purchased consumer-grade UAVs, and   commonly acquire aerial photographs to map land cover. The resulting   ultra-high-resolution (sub-decimeter-resolution) imagery has high   information content, but automating the extraction of this information   to create accurate, wall-to-wall land-cover maps is quite difficult. We   introduce image-processing workflows that are based on open-source   software and can be used to create land-cover maps from   ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery. We compared four machine-learning   workflows for classifying images. Two workflows were based on random   forest algorithms. Of these, one used a pixel-by-pixel approach   available in ilastik, and the other used image segments and was   implemented with R and the Orfeo ToolBox. The other two workflows used   fully connected neural networks and convolutional neural networks   implemented with Nenetic. We applied the four workflows to aerial   photographs acquired in the Great Basin (western USA) at flying heights   of 10 m, 45 m and 90 m above ground level. Our focal cover type was   cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), a non-native invasive grass that changes   regional fire dynamics. The most accurate workflow for classifying   ultra-high-resolution imagery depends on diverse factors that are   influenced by image resolution and land-cover characteristics, such as   contrast, landscape patterns and the spectral texture of the land-cover   types being classified. For our application, the ilastik workflow   yielded the highest overall accuracy (0.82-0.89) as assessed by   pixel-based accuracy.",10.1002/rse2.144
1311,InProceedings,Measurements of environmental parameters inside and outside a greenhouse   using open-source software device,"A monitoring system using an open-source device based on Arduino was   used to conduct an experiment inside a naturally ventilated greenhouse   and predict the ventilation rate. Three DHT11 temperature/humidity   sensors were used to measure the inside and outside temperature as well   as an anemometer with an air current speed sensor included for measuring   air current speed. The greenhouse was equipped with roof and side wall   ventilators. The ventilation rate was calculated via an equation where   both wind and buoyancy effect were taken into consideration. The goal of   this research was to develop an inexpensive system that could be used by   the producers as a reliable and accurate tool for measuring   environmental parameters inside greenhouses and other agricultural   buildings. The results led to the conclusion that the greenhouse's   ventilation rate was adequate and measurements were accurate. Therefore,   the experimental system's operation was reliable making it a low-cost   and energy-efficient solution for environmental management in   agricultural buildings.",10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1296.131
1312,Article,Methodology for Bathymetric Mapping Using Open-Source Software,"The modern technologies not only provide an opportunity to collect water   depth data much more efficiently than in the past, but also there is a   wide range of opportunities to process these data to develop bathymetric   maps and perform various calculations in the computer environment. This   research aims to construct a high-resolution bathymetric map by using   open-source software. Lake Zebrus was selected as the study site, where   fieldwork was performed to obtain the depth data and subsequently   process to find optimal methodology for creating a bathymetric map. The   methodology used in this research is modifiable for different purposes   and is based on obtaining the best results from using open-source   resources and knowledge of cartography. Lake Zebrus is an example how to   perform accurate and state of the art bathymetric survey in a short time   period. The area of Lake Zebrus is 417.57 ha. The lake has a small   crooked coastline. Lake Zebrus has a maximum depth of 4.45 m and an   average depth of 1.48 m. Results from the bathymetric survey can be used   for further research based on depth data. The research tasks are   accomplished as the methodology selected is repeatable in the other   lakes. The research results prove that this methodology can be used for   a bathymetric survey and it is possible to obtain high-definition   results using open-source resources.",10.2478/rtuect-2020-0100
1313,InProceedings,Mining Decision-Making Processes in Open Source Software Development: A Study of Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) using Email Repositories,"Open source software (OSS) communities are often able to produce high quality software comparable to proprietary software. The success of an open source software development (OSSD) community is often attributed to the underlying governance model, and a key component of these models is the decision-making (DM) process. While there have been studies on the decision-making processes publicized by OSS communities (e.g., through published process diagrams), little has been done to study decision-making processes that can be extracted using a bottom-up, data-driven approach, which can then be used to assess whether the publicized processes conform to the extracted processes. To bridge this gap, we undertook a large-scale data-driven study to understand how decisions are made in an OSSD community, using the case study of Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs), which embody decisions made during the evolution of the Python language. Our main contributions are:(a) the design and development of a framework using information retrieval and natural language processing techniques to analyze the Python email archives (comprising 1.48 million emails), and(b) the extraction of decision-making processes that reveal activities that are neither explicitly mentioned in documentation published by the Python community nor identified in prior research work. Our results provide insights into the actual decision-making process employed by the Python community.",10.1145/3383219.3383240
1315,Article,Modeling continuous security: A conceptual model for automated DevSecOps   using open-source software over cloud (ADOC),"Agile software development methodology and DevOps, together, have helped   the business to achieve agility and velocity in delivering   time-to-market applications and services. Open-source software (OSS) and   cloud technologies are taking up business innovation and DevOps at new   heights. However, in the quest of agility and velocity, user data   security and privacy assurance often get lower priority as they are   perceived as a time-consuming activity requiring specialized people,   process, and technology. We see this problem being addressed by   integrating security in DevOps processes. Security for DevOps has been   in-stitutionalized as DevSecOps with practical considerations for a   given business context. In this work, we proposed a conceptual security   model, ADOC, to facilitate adopting DevSecOps for the business processes   capitalizing OSS over the cloud. This work contributes towards the   following to integrate continuous se-curity in application and service   delivery: (i) A continuous security conceptual framework proposal based   on the requirements elicited from the analysis of challenges in adopting   DevSecOps using OSS over the cloud. (ii) An integrationist security   model, ADOC, based on the proposed continuous security conceptual   framework, integrating development, security, and operation activities   through automation of security controls using OSS over the cloud. (iii)   A set of inter-working OSS tools for automation of the proposed security   controls in ADOC workflow and practices. (iv) A set of metrics for   performance measurement of the ADOC model. (v) Mapping of the solutions   for the analyzed challenges using the proposed secu-rity controls,   followed by a use case scenario to adopt the ADOC workflow and   continuous practices. The ADOC transforms security being adhoc   compliance-oriented activities into continuous assurance-oriented   activities by codifying security controls into an automated delivery   workflow. Its practical adoption en-ables businesses to deliver   time-to-market security ready applications and services with accelerated   ve-locity and sustainable agility in a cost-effective way. (c) 2020   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cose.2020.101967
1317,InProceedings,Modelling and simulation of ingot solidification with the open-source   software <i>Code</i>\\_<i>Saturne</i>,"In order to address the issue of macro-segregations in large industrial   ingots, a solidification model has been recently developed in   Code\\_Saturne, the general purpose open-source Computational Fluid   tablDynamics (CFD) software developed and released by EDF R\\&D. This   model is a liquid-solid mixture model inspired from the pioneer work of   Bennon and Incropera, including mass, momentum, energy and species   conservation equations. In particular, the energy conservation equation   is formulated with the temperature variable, the thermosolutal   convection is accounted for through the Boussinesq approximation and the   interdendritic flow in the mushy zone is governed by the Darcy's law.   Furthermore, a rigid solid phase is assumed and classical   microsegregation models are used featuring lever-rule or Gulliver-Scheil   assumptions. At the discrete level, a first-order upwind scheme is   implemented with a SIMPLEC approach to solve the velocity-pressure   coupling. The other couplings involving temperature and concentration   fields are efficiently solved performing sub-loops with a PISO-like   approach. The overall scheme is mainly implicit with additional   treatments to ensure the equilibrium between the hydrostatic pressure   gradient and the buoyant forces, and to deal properly with solid zones.   The segregation predictions offered by the model are validated against   both academic test case and industrial ingot configurations. A   convergence study is also led focusing on time step and mesh size   sensitivities.",10.1088/1757-899X/861/1/012033
1319,Article,NUTMEG: Open Source Software for M/EEG Source Reconstruction,"Neurodynamic Utility Toolbox for Magnetoencephalo- and   Electroencephalography (NUTMEG) is an open-source MATLAB-based toolbox   for the analysis and reconstruction of   magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography data in source space.   NUTMEG includes a variety of options for the user in data import,   preprocessing, source reconstruction, and functional connectivity. A   group analysis toolbox allows the user to run a variety of inferential   statistics on their data in an easy-to-use GUI-driven format.   Importantly, NUTMEG features an interactive five-dimensional data   visualization platform. A key feature of NUTMEG is the availability of a   large menu of interference cancelation and source reconstruction   algorithms. Each NUTMEG operation acts as a stand-alone MATLAB function,   allowing the package to be easily adaptable and scripted for the more   advanced user for interoperability with other software toolboxes.   Therefore, NUTMEG enables a wide range of users access to a complete   ``sensor-to- source-statistics{''} analysis pipeline.",10.3389/fnins.2020.00710
1320,Article,OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR ULTRASOUND-BASED GUIDANCE IN SPINAL FUSION   SURGERY,"Spinal instrumentation and surgical manipulations may cause loss of   navigation accuracy requiring an efficient re-alignment of the patient   anatomy with pre-operative images during surgery. While intra-operative   ultrasound (iUS) guidance has shown clear potential to reduce surgery   time, compared with clinical computed tomography (CT) guidance, rapid   registration aiming to correct for patient misalignment has not been   addressed. In this article, we present an open-source platform for   pedicle screw navigation using iUS imaging. The alignment method is   based on rigid registration of CT to iUS vertebral images and has been   designed for fast and fully automatic patient re-alignment in the   operating room. Two steps are involved: first, we use the iUS probe's   trajectory to achieve an initial coarse registration; then, the   registration transform is refined by simultaneously optimizing gradient   orientation alignment and mean of iUS intensities passing through the   CT-defined posterior surface of the vertebra. We evaluated our approach   on a lumbosacral section of a porcine cadaver with seven vertebral   levels. We achieved a median target registration error of 1.47 mm (100\\%   success rate, defined by a target registration error <2 mm) when   applying the probe's trajectory initial alignment. The approach   exhibited high robustness to partial visibility of the vertebra with   success rates of 89.86\\% and 88.57\\% when missing either the left or   right part of the vertebra and robustness to initial misalignments with   a success rate of 83.14\\% for random starts within +/- 20 degrees   rotation and +/- 20 mm translation. Our graphics processing unit   implementation achieves an efficient registration time under 8 s, which   makes the approach suitable for clinical application. (E-mail:   houssem.gueziri@mcgill.ca) (C) 2020 World Federation for Ultrasound in   Medicine \\& Biology. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.08.005
1321,Article,OSS-DBS: Open-source simulation platform for deep brain stimulation with   a comprehensive automated modeling,"In this study, we propose a new open-source simulation platform that   comprises computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering tools for   highly automated evaluation of electric field distribution and neural   activation during Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). It will be shown how a   Volume Conductor Model (VCM) is constructed and examined using   Python-controlled algorithms for generation, discretization and adaptive   mesh refinement of the computational domain, as well as for   incorporation of heterogeneous and anisotropic properties of the tissue   and allocation of neuron models. The utilization of the platform is   facilitated by a collection of predefined input setups and quick   visualization routines. The accuracy of a VCM, created and optimized by   the platform, was estimated by comparison with a commercial software.   The results demonstrate no significant deviation between the models in   the electric potential distribution. A qualitative estimation of   different physics for the VCM shows an agreement with previous   computational studies. The proposed computational platform is suitable   for an accurate estimation of electric fields during DBS in scientific   modeling studies. In future, we intend to acquire SDA and EMA approval.   Successful incorporation of open-source software, controlled by in-house   developed algorithms, provides a highly automated solution. The platform   allows for optimization and uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies,   while employment of the open-source software facilitates accessibility   and reproducibility of simulations.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008023
1323,Article,OSS-Qual: Holistic Scale to Assess Customer Quality Perception When   Buying Secondhand Products in Online Platforms,"Online secondhand markets have been growing substantially over the last   decade and are expected to grow further. In order to effectively promote   the growth of online secondhand markets, this paper designs and   validates a scale to assess customer perception of the service quality   of secondhand products purchased via online platforms. Complementarily,   the paper assesses how each of the different dimensions that configure   the scale contributes to explaining the fulfillment of customers'   expectations. The scale is defined by 23 items and is arranged in 5   dimensions from the literature on online commerce as well as on the   sharing economy. A sample of 200 questionnaires is used for exploratory   factor analysis. A second sample of 507 users is used for confirmatory   factor analysis. The quality perceived by online customers of secondhand   products depends on the quality of the interactions that they have with   the website, with the vendor, and with the product. The dimension that   contributes the most to customer fulfillment of expectations is product   quality. Findings identify the items that contribute the most to quality   perception and fulfillment of expectations, facilitating the development   of more effective strategies for platform owners and vendors who want to   attract and retain customers of secondhand products. Complementarily,   these findings are useful to businesses and governments that want to   promote a more sustainable economy by reducing consumption of new   products and promoting reutilization of existing ones.",10.3390/su12219256
1325,Article,On the fulfillment of coordination requirements in open-source software   projects: An exploratory study,"In large-scale open-source software projects, where developers are often   distributed across the entire planet, coordination among developers is   crucial. To estimate whether a state ofsocio-technical congruenceis   achieved, which is associated with software quality and project success,   we assess the alignment of collaboration and communication in such   software projects in terms ofcoordination requirements. By means of an   empirical study on a substantial set of large-scale open-source software   projects-the development histories of all projects sum up to over 180   years-we aim at shedding light on this issue. To this end, to take a   more semantic view on this phenomenon in comparison to previous work, we   do not only identify coordination requirements arising from files and   functions only, but also those arising from features. We found that   open-source developers fulfill coordination requirements intentionally,   but mostly those coordination requirements that arise from coupled   source-code artifacts, while they resolve simpler ones independently.   Furthermore, neither of the considered abstraction levels of source-code   artifacts (files, functions, features) is more suitable to construct   coordination requirements with respect to their fulfillment. This   finding strongly indicates that features do not play an as important   role in the development process as expected and commonly believed by the   research community in the area of feature-oriented and feature-driven   development. Finally, we identified notable evolutionary trends in the   fulfillment of coordination requirements and showed that far-reaching   social events (such as organizational issues) have a huge impact on   their fulfillment, both negatively and positively. The key findings of   our empirical study are that socio-technical relations are important to   understand open-source development communities and that the   incorporation of different abstraction levels for developer   collaboration does yield important insights to further improve the   evolution in open-source software projects.",10.1007/s10664-020-09833-8
1327,InProceedings,Open Source Software Development Process: A Systematic Review,"Open Source Software (OSS) has been recognized by the software   development community as an effective way to deliver software. Unlike   traditional software development, OSS development is driven by   collaboration among developers spread geographically and motivated by   common goals and interests. Besides this fact, it is recognized by the   OSS community the need to understand OSS development process and its   activities. Our goal is to investigate the state-of-art about OSS   process through conducting a systematic literature review providing an   overview of how the OSS community has been investigating OSS process   over past years. We identified and summarized OSS process activities and   their characteristics and translated them into an OSS macro process   using BPMN notation. As a result, we systematically analyzed 33 studies   presenting an overview of the OSS process research and a generalized OSS   development macro process represented by BPMN notation with a detailed   description of each OSS process activity and roles in OSS environment.   We conclude that OSS process can be in practice further investigated by   researchers. In addition, the presented OSS process can be used as a   guide for OSS projects and be adapted according to each OSS project   reality. It provides insights to managers and developers who want to   improve their development process even in OSS and traditional   environments. Finally, recommendations for OSS community regarding OSS   process activities are provided.",10.1109/EDOC49727.2020.00025
1328,InProceedings,Open Source Software as a Learning Tool for Computer Science Students,"In this paper authors' experience of contributing to Open Source   Software (OSS) is described. Contributions were done as a part of the   OSS course taken at Nazarbayev University during the Spring 2019 term.   Two junior bachelors degree students described their experience,   motivations to contribute to OSS, selected projects, course structure   and the lists of activities they performed. Assessment of this   experience by other community members and the course instructor are also   reported in this publication. This paper also studies how the course   structure can affect people's ability to make contributions in general.",10.1007/978-3-030-54997-8\\_15
1329,Article,"Open-Source Software Application for Hydrogeological Delineation of   Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Singida Semi-Arid, Fractured   Aquifer, Central Tanzania","This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge   zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer   using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps   such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament   density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were integrated in   QGIS software. Vector input layers were rasterized and resampled using   QGIS wrap projection function to make sure that the grid cells are of   the same size. Reclassification using SAGA and GRASS reclass algorithms   in QGIS was carried out to realign the factor classes in a consistent   scale, and reclassification to a scale of 1 to 5 was carried out to   harmonize the results. The study identified a number of potential areas   for groundwater recharge, groundwater exploration, groundwater   development and potential areas for artificial groundwater recharge.   Potential groundwater recharge zones for the Singida semi-arid fractured   aquifer are restricted to areas with high lineament density, cultivated   areas, grassland and flat to gentle slopes. The potential of groundwater   recharge is also observed in areas with low drainage density. The   delineated zones provide a good understanding of the potential recharge   zones, which are a starting point for recharge zone protection. This   blended approach can be utilized for carrying out suitability analysis   using the weighted overlay analysis approach. Areas designated good and   very good are recommended for artificial recharging structures as an   alternative technique for enhancing groundwater recharge through   rainwater harvesting. This will help to augment groundwater storage in   this semi-arid environment.",10.3390/hydrology7020028
1330,InCollection,"Open-Source Software Tools, Databases, and Resources for Single-Cell and   Single-Cell-Type Metabolomics","In this age of -omics data-guided big data revolution, metabolomics has   received significant attention as compared to genomics, transcriptomics,   and proteomics for its proximity to the phenotype, the promises it makes   and the challenges it throws. Although metabolomes of entire organisms,   organs, biofluids, and tissues are of immense interest, a cell-specific   resolution is deemed critical for biomedical applications where a   granular understanding of cellular metabolism at cell-type and   subcellular resolution is desirable. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a   versatile technique that is used to analyze a broad range of compounds   from different species and cell-types, with high accuracy, resolution,   sensitivity, selectivity, and fast data acquisition speeds. With recent   advances in MS and spectroscopy-based platforms, the research community   is able to generate high-throughput data sets from single cells.   However, it is challenging to handle, store, process, analyze, and   interpret data in a routine manner. In this treatise, I present a   workflow of metabolomics data generation from single cells and   single-cell types to their analysis, visualization, and interpretation   for obtaining biological insights.",10.1007/978-1-4939-9831-9\\_15
1331,InProceedings,Open-source software for SEM metrology,"We present SMILE, an open source software for the characterization of   line and space patterns in SEM images. SMILE has been developed to   provide a metrology platform which is open-source and, as such, easy to   customize to specific needs and simple to integrate into a chain of   analysis. SMILE is used to measure CD, LWR and unbiased LWR. The   software is currently available as MATLAB code and under development for   open platforms such as Python or Octave. Here we describe the main   features of the software, its structure and the algorithms used to   perform line edge detection, LWR calculation and LWR unbiasing.",10.1117/12.2573154
1332,Article,Open-source software for simulations and inversions of airborne   electromagnetic data,"Inversion of airborne electromagnetic data is often an iterative   process, not only requiring that the researcher be able to explore the   impact of changing components, such as the choice of regularisation   functional or model parameterisation, but also often requiring that   forward simulations be run and fields and fluxes visualised in order to   build an understanding of the physical processes governing what we   observe in the data. In the hope of facilitating this exploration and   promoting the reproducibility of geophysical simulations and inversions,   we have developed the open-source software package SimPEG. The software   has been designed to be modular and extensible, with the goal of   allowing researchers to interrogate all of the components and to   facilitate the exploration of new inversion strategies. We present an   overview of the software in its application to airborne electromagnetics   and demonstrate its use for visualising fields and fluxes in a forward   simulation, as well as its flexibility in formulating and solving the   inverse problem. We invert a line of airborne time-domain   electromagnetic data over a conductive vertical plate using a 1D voxel   inversion, a 2D voxel inversion and a parametric inversion, where all of   the forward modelling is done on a 3D grid. The results in this paper   can be reproduced using the provided Jupyter notebooks. The Python   software can also be modified to allow users to experiment with   parameters and explore the physics of the electromagnetics and   intricacies of inversion.",10.1080/08123985.2019.1583538
1333,Article,OpenCLC: An open-source software tool for similarity assessment of   linear hydrographic features,"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a foundational geospatial data   source in the United States that enables extensive and diverse   environmental research and supports decision-making in numerous   contexts. However, the NHD requires regular validation and update given   possible inconsistent initial collection and hydrographic changes.   Furthermore, systems or tools that use NHD data must manage regular   updates that occur within the high-resolution version of the NHD (NHD   HR). This research contributes to filling this gap by establishing an   open-source software tool named OpenCLC, which automatically identifies   matching and mismatching line features between two sets of hydrographic   flowlines. Aside from identifying differences among two version of NHD   lines, results can be applied to improve the quality of NHD HR content.   OpenCLC significantly outperforms the best available commercial   off-the-shelf software in computational scalability, and it is made   widely available as part of the CyberGIS Toolkit to benefit broad   environmental and geospatial science communities. (C) 2020 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.softx.2020.100401
1334,Article,PSI4 1.4: Open-source software for high-throughput quantum chemistry,"PSI4 is a free and open-source ab initio electronic structure program   providing implementations of Hartree-Fock, density functional theory,   many-body perturbation theory, configuration interaction, density   cumulant theory, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, and   coupled-cluster theory. Most of the methods are quite efficient, thanks   to density fitting and multi-core parallelism. The program is a hybrid   of C++ and Python, and calculations may be run with very simple text   files or using the Python API, facilitating post-processing and complex   workflows; method developers also have access to most of PSI4's core   functionalities via Python. Job specification may be passed using The   Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) QCSCHEMA data format,   facilitating interoperability. A rewrite of our top-level computation   driver, and concomitant adoption of the MolSSI QCARCHIVE INFRASTRUCTURE   project, makes the latest version of PSI4 well suited to distributed   computation of large numbers of independent tasks. The project has   fostered the development of independent software components that may be   reused in other quantum chemistry programs.",10.1063/5.0006002
1335,Article,Performance Assessment of PPP Surveys with Open Source Software Using   the GNSS GPS-GLONASS-Galileo Constellations,"Featured Application Environmental monitoring of risk areas, deformation   control of structures (dams, bridges), topographical surveying, GCP for   aerial mapping survey. In this work, the performance of the multi-GNSS   (Global Navigation Satellite System) Precise Point Positioning (PPP)   technique, in static mode, is analyzed. Specifically, GPS (Global   Positioning System), GLONASS, and Galileo systems are considered, and   quantifying the Galileo contribution is one of the main objectives. The   open source software RTKLib is adopted to process the data, with precise   satellite orbits and clocks from CNES (Centre National d'Etudes   Spatiales) and CLS (Collecte Localisation Satellites) analysis centers   for International GNSS Service (IGS). The Iono-free model is used to   correct ionospheric errors, the GOT-4.7 model is used to correct tidal   effects, and Differential Code Biases (DCB) are taken from the Deutsche   Forschungsanstalt fur Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR) center. Two different   tropospheric models are tested: Saastamoinen and Estimate ZTD (Zenith   Troposhperic Delay). For the proposed study, a dataset of 31 days from a   permanent GNSS station, placed in Palermo (Italy), and a dataset of 10   days from a static geodetic receiver, placed nearby the station, have   been collected and processed by the most used open source software in   the geomatic community. The considered GNSS configurations are seven:   GPS only, GLONASS only, Galileo only, GPS+GLONASS, GPS+Galileo,   GLONASS+Galileo, and GPS+GLONASS+Galileo. The results show significant   performance improvement of the GNSS combinations with respect to single   GNSS cases.",10.3390/app10165420
1336,InProceedings,Predicting Programming Behavior in OSS Communities: A Case Study of   NLP-based Approach,"Prediction of developers' programming behaviors is an effective way to   improve their development efficiency and optimize the organization of   project modules and files. However, little research exists investigating   on this direction. In order to address this knowledge gap, we proposed a   NLP-based approach to predict the programming behaviors in OSS (Open   Source Software) communities. The proposed approach i) embeds the   historical programming behavior data of a project into a   multi-dimensional vector space to capture the potential laws in the   data, ii) forms an eigenvector matrix reflecting the semantic   relationship of the development behavior data, and predicts the next   programming behavior of a specific developer based on the eigenvector   matrix. Our experiments on five OSS projects show that the prediction   accuracy rate of the proposed prediction approach can reach up to about   50\\%, indicating that it can summarize the development behavior data law   and effectively predict the programming behavior of developers. Our work   can provide valuable assistance for developers' programming and   projects' maintenance in practice.",10.1109/ICAICE51518.2020.00091
1337,Article,Predicting Students' Behavioral Intention to Use Open Source Software: A   Combined View of the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination   Theory,"This study focuses on students' behavioral intention to use Open Source   Software (OSS). The article examines how students, who were trained in   OSS, are motivated to continue using it. A conceptual model based on   Self-Determination Theory and the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM)   was defined in order to test the behavioral intention to use OSS,   comprising six constructs: (1) autonomy, (2) competence, (3)   relatedness, (4) perceived ease of use, (5) perceived usefulness and (6)   behavioral intention to use. A survey was designed for data collection.   The participants were recent secondary school graduates, and all of them   had received mandatory OSS training. A total of 352 valid responses were   used to test the proposed structural model, which was performed using   the Lisrel software. The results clearly confirmed the positive   influence of the intrinsic motivations; autonomy and relatedness, to   improve perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of use of OSS,   and; therefore, on behavioral intention to use OSS. In addition, the   implications and limitations of this study are considered.",10.3390/app10082711
1338,InProceedings,Preliminary Findings on FOSS Dependencies and Security A Qualitative   Study on Developers' Attitudes and Experience,"Developers are known to keep third-party dependencies of their projects   outdated even if some of them are affected by known vulnerabilities. In   this study we aim to understand why they do so. For this, we conducted   25 semi-structured interviews with developers of both large and   small-medium enterprises located in nine countries. All interviews were   transcribed, coded, and analyzed according to applied thematic analysis.   The results of the study reveal important aspects of developers'   practices that should be considered by security researchers and   dependency tool developers to improve the security of the dependency   management process.",10.1145/3377812.3390903
1340,InProceedings,Processing and indexing of electron backscatter patterns using   open-source software,"A new method to increase the signal-to-noise ratio S/N of electron   backscatter patterns (EBSPs) based upon principal component analysis   (PCA) is presented. The PCA denoising method is applied to ten scans of   EBSPs from the same region of interest of a recrystallised nickel sample   acquired with a decreasing S/N, achieved by reducing the exposure time   while increasing the camera gain accordingly. That PCA denoising   increases S/N in EBSPs is demonstrated by comparing indexing success   rates after both Hough and dictionary indexing (HI and DI) of the Ni   patterns having undergone one of four processing routes: i) standard   static and dynamic background corrections (standard corrections), ii)   standard corrections and pattern averaging with the four closest   neighbours, iii) standard corrections and PCA denoising, and iv)   standard corrections and pattern averaging followed by PCA denoising.   Both pattern averaging and PCA denoising increases the indexing success   rates for both indexing approaches for the studied Ni scans, with the   former processing route providing the better success rates. The best   success rates are obtained after pattern averaging followed by PCA   denoising. The potential of PCA denoising to reveal additional pattern   details compared to standard corrections and pattern averaging is   demonstrated in a pattern from an orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) grain in a   geological sample. Software code, and the Ni data sets, are released   alongside this article as part of KIKUCHIPY, an open-source software   package dedicated to processing and analysis of EBSPs.",10.1088/1757-899X/891/1/012002
1341,Article,QMwebJS-An Open Source Software Tool to Visualize and Share   Time-Evolving Three-Dimensional Wavefunctions,"Numerical simulation experiments are of great importance for research   and education in Physics. They can be greatly aided by proper graphical   representations, especially for spatio-temporal dynamics. In this   contribution, we describe and provide a novel Javascript-based library   and cloud microservice-QMwebJS-for the visualization of the temporal   evolution of three-dimensional distributions. It is an easy to use,   web-based library for creating, editing, and exporting 3D models based   on the particle sampling method. Accessible from any standard browser,   it does not require downloads or installations. Users can directly share   their work with other students, teachers or researchers by keeping their   models in the cloud and allowing for interactive viewing of the   spatio-temporal solutions. This software tool was developed to support   quantum mechanics teaching at an undergraduate level by plotting the   spatial probability density distribution given by the wavefunction, but   it can be useful in different contexts including the study of nonlinear   waves.",10.3390/math8030430
1342,InProceedings,QuESo-Process: Evaluating OSS Software Ecosystems Quality,"To evaluate the quality of open source software ecosystems (OSSECOs) we   designed the QuESo-process. This process describes the activities and   tasks that support the evaluation of OSSECOs. Our proposal attempts to   fill the gap between quality models and their operationalization. In   order to do this, we use the QuESo-model, described previously in   another paper of one of the authors, as a basis for quality evaluation   of OSSECOs.",10.1145/3401895.3402056
1343,InProceedings,Recommending Tasks to Newcomers in OSS Projects: How Do Mentors Handle   It?,"Software developers who want to start contributing to an Open Source   Software (OSS) project often struggle to find appropriate first tasks.   The voluntary, self-organizing distribution of decentralized labor and   the distinct nature of some OSS projects intensifies this challenge.   Mentors, who work closely with newcomers, develop strategies to   recommend tasks. However, to date neither the challenges mentors face in   recommending tasks nor their strategies have been formally documented or   studied. In this paper, we interviewed mentors of well-established OSS   projects (n=10) and qualitatively analyzed their answers to identify   both challenges and strategies related to recommending tasks for   newcomers. Then, we employed a survey (n=30) to map the strategies to   challenges and collect additional strategies. Our study identified 7   challenges and 13 strategies related to task recommendation. Strategies   such as ``tagging the issues based on difficulty,{''} ``adding   documentation,{''} ``assigning a small task first and then challenge the   newcomers with bigger tasks:' and ``dividing tasks into smaller   pieces{''} were frequently mentioned as ways to overcome multiple   challenges. Our results provide insights for mentors about the   strategies OSS communities can use to guide their mentors and for tool   builders who design automated support for task assignment.",10.1145/3412569.3412571
1345,Article,"ResIPy, an intuitive open source software for complex geoelectrical   inversion/modeling","Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP)   methods are now widely used in many interdisciplinary projects. Although   field surveys using these methods are relatively straightforward, ERT   and IP data require the application of inverse methods prior to any   interpretation. Several established non-commercial inversion codes   exist, but they typically require advanced knowledge to use effectively.   ResIPy was developed to provide a more intuitive, user-friendly,   approach to inversion of geoelectrical data, using an open source   graphical user interface (GUI) and a Python application programming   interface (API). ResIPy utilizes the mature R2/cR2 inversion codes for   ERT and IP, respectively. The ResIPy GUI facilitates data importing,   data filtering, error modeling, mesh generation, data inversion and   plotting of inverse models. Furthermore, the easy to use design of   ResIPy and the help provided inside makes it an effective educational   tool. This paper highlights the rationale and structure behind the   interface, before demonstrating its capabilities in a range of   environmental problems. Specifically, we demonstrate the ease at which   ResIPy deals with topography, advanced data processing, the ability to   fix and constrain regions of known geoelectrical properties, time-lapse   analysis and the capability for forward modeling and survey design.",10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104423
1346,Article,Robust Candy-Floss-Like Poly(l-lactide) Fibrous Filters Driven by   Sodium-Dodecyl-Benzene-Sulfonate for High Efficient Dye/Oil Separation,"3D and robust Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) fibrous materials has been   fabricated via electrospinning and evaporation welding for   high-efficiency dye adsorption and oil/water separation simultaneously.   Herein, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in spinning solution has   been found to stimulate fibrous materials forming 3D candy-floss-like   structure with high porosity and surface area. Also, SDBS doped on   fibers surface facilitates dye adsorption and oil separation of the   fibrous materials in effluent. Environmentally friendly SDBS-driven 3D   electrospun PLLA fibrous materials have high porosity (99.91\\%) and   stable big pore size (7.39 mu m), showing high adsorption capacity of   581.78 mg g(-1)toward methylene blue (MB) and 14.67 times improved   oil/water separation efficiency compared to traditional 2D PLLA fibrous   materials. Moreover, the concept of SDBS stimulated 3D nanofibrous   materials can be readily extended to other polymers, paving a new way to   fabricate high-efficient dye adsorption and oil/water separation 3D   fibrous filters for industrial waste water remediation.",10.1002/mame.202000368
1347,InProceedings,Sharing at Scale: An Open-Source-Software-based License Compliance   Ecosystem,"The amount of open-source-software (OSS) used in the global software   engineering community is already enormous and still growing. This   includes both the products we develop and the development tools we use   to create them. It is meanwhile rare to find examples of products that   do not contain open source components. Although, using open source   components in products does have many advantages, it is very important   that one also manages the use of the open source components in a   license-compliant way.   A set of companies and other organizations who either offer or use   OSS-based license compliance tools have recently formed the ``Open   Source Tooling Group{''}. This international group works on establishing   an ecosystem of OSS-based tools for license compliance that fit together   well and can offer an ecosystem of tools for organizations to help   fulfill their license compliance obligations.   This talk provides the motivation and overview of this topic describing   the relevance to software engineering practitioners. It will close by   highlighting some of the research areas where further improvements could   be done in this fast-growing field.",NA
1348,InProceedings,Sharing at scale: an open-source-software-based license compliance ecosystem,"The amount of open-source-software (OSS) used in the global software engineering community is already enormous and still growing. This includes both the products we develop and the development tools we use to create them. It is meanwhile rare to find examples of products that do not contain open source components. Although, using open source components in products does have many advantages, it is very important that one also manages the use of the open source components in a license-compliant way.A set of companies and other organizations who either offer or use OSS-based license compliance tools have recently formed the ""Open Source Tooling Group"". This international group works on establishing an ecosystem of OSS-based tools for license compliance that fit together well and can offer an ecosystem of tools for organizations to help fulfill their license compliance obligations.This talk provides the motivation and overview of this topic describing the relevance to software engineering practitioners. It will close by highlighting some of the research areas where further improvements could be done in this fast-growing field.",10.1145/3377813.3381351
1349,InProceedings,SoftMon: A Tool to Compare Similar Open-source Software from a   Performance Perspective,"Over the past two decades, a rich ecosystem of open-source software has   evolved. For every type of application, there are a wide variety of   alternatives. We observed that even if different applications that   perform similar tasks and compiled with the same versions of the   compiler and the libraries, they perform very differently while running   on the same system. Sadly prior work in this area that compares two code   bases for similarities does not help us in finding the reasons for the   differences in performance.   In this paper, we develop a tool, SoftMon, that can compare the   codebases of two separate applications and pinpoint the exact set of   functions that are disproportionately responsible for differences in   performance. Our tool uses machine learning and NLP techniques to   analyze why a given open-source application has a lower performance as   compared to its peers, design bespoke applications that can incorporate   specific innovations (identified by SoftMon) in competing applications,   and diagnose performance bugs.   In this paper, we compare a wide variety of large open-source programs   such as image editors, audio players, text editors, PDF readers, mail   clients and even full-fledged operating systems (OSs). In all cases, our   tool was able to pinpoint a set of at the most 10-15 functions that are   responsible for the differences within 200 seconds. A subsequent manual   analysis assisted by our graph visualization engine helps us find the   reasons. We were able to validate most of the reasons by correlating   them with subsequent observations made by developers or from existing   technical literature. The manual phase of our analysis is limited to 30   minutes (tested with human subjects).",10.1145/3379597.3387444
1351,Article,Stewarding National User Groups to Strengthen Open Source Software   Communities,"Open Source Software (OSS) communities are often international, bringing   together people from diverse regions with different linguistic and   cultural backgrounds. National user groups can bolster these   international communities by convening local events, championing the   software to peers, welcoming and onboarding new contributors, raising   money to support the broader community, and collecting important   information on user's needs. The open source community-led software   DSpace has had great success encouraging the creation of national user   groups; in the UK, North America, and Germany, the Groups have been   active for many years. However, it was in 2018, thanks to a renewed   focus on international engagement and more diverse representation of the   global community in governance groups, that the national communities   entered into a new phase: 15 new national User Groups have been formed   all over the world since then, while the German user group evolved into   the ``DSpace-Konsortium Deutschland{''}, founded by 25 institutions,   marking a pivotal point for membership options and National User Group   participation within DSpace Governance. This article will offer an   overview of the historical development of the DSpace community and its   governance model, as well as DuraSpace's international engagement   strategy, including its benefits and challenges. Subsequently, we will   present a case study on the DSpace-Konsortium Deutschland and explain   its relation to the broader context of how to build national user groups   within global communities.",10.3390/publications8020031
1353,InProceedings,Successes and Failures in Exploring Biometric Algorithms in NIST Open   Source Software and Data,"With the emergence of advanced technology, the user authentication   methods have also been improved. Authenticating the user, several secure   and efficient approaches have been introduced, but the biometric   authentication method is considered much safer as compared to   password-driven methods. In this paper, we explore the risks, concerns,   and methods by installing well-known open-source software used in   Unibiometric analysis by the partners of The National Institute of   Standards and Technology (NIST). Not only are the algorithms used all   open source but it comes with test data and several internal open source   utilities necessary to process biometric data.",NA
1354,Article,THE TAKEOFF OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: A SIGNALING PERSPECTIVE BASED ON   COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES,"A few open source software (OSS) products exhibit an abrupt and   significant increase in downloads. However, the majority of OSS products   fail to gain much interest. Identifying early success is important for   catalyzing growth in OSS markets. However, previous OSS research has not   examined early product success dynamics and assumes adoption to be a   continuous process. We propose OSS takeoff in adoptions as a measure of   eventual product success. Takeoff is a nonlinear inflection point   separating the early development from the growth phase in the product   lifecycle. Using arguments from the signaling literature, we propose   that community activities send signals about product quality and reduce   information asymmetry faced by potential adopters of OSS products.   Estimating a Cox proportional hazard model using a large sample of OSS   products from SourceForge, we find that takeoff times are significantly   associated with signals of quality deficiency and improvement. Further,   we find that target audience and product innovativeness moderate this   relationship.",10.25300/MISQ/2020/12576
1356,Article,THE USE OF A FREE SOFTWARE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNAL FORCES OF   LIVE LOADS IN BEAMS OF CONCRETE BRIDGES,"Ftool is used in civil engineering due to its facilities and   simplifications in structural modeling; for not requiring robust   computers for its use; not having high processing time in the analyzes,   being generally fast and for being a free software. It allows the   creation of live loads, and these are used in calculating the envelope   of internal forces in bridge beams. Despite this, a significant number   of projects, dissertations and theses in the area of bridges, especially   in graduate courses, still do not use it in the analysis of life loads   in bridge beams. In this sense, this project aims to encourage the use   of Ftool to carry out structural analysis in beams of bridge beams,   whether in determining the respective lines of influence or internal   efforts; so that graduate students and researchers start to use it in   their respective projects. Four numerical examples are developed and   each one uses paid software, SAP2000, Ansys or GAP-GEL v1, and the   results are compared with Ftool. In all examples, the variations in the   results are less than 9\\%, in the worst case, but in most of them, this   variation is less than 3\\%. These differences can be considered as   acceptable, since, later, different coefficients are applied. Finally,   the Ftool proved to be effective and robust, with reliable results and,   therefore, recommended for the determination of the different internal   and TTL efforts in the beams, due to different live loads acting on   bridge decks composed of two, three, seven and eight beams. Without the   need to use more complex and paid software to carry out such analyzes.",10.15628/holos.2020.9466
1357,InCollection,The Free Software Community: A Contemporary Space for Reconfiguring   Struggles?,NA,10.1007/978-3-030-18987-7\\_6
1358,Article,The Impact of Project Initiators on Open Source Software Project   Success: Evidence From Emerging Hosting Platform Gitee,"This paper focuses on studying the role of open source software project   initiator in affecting the OSS project success from the perspective of   individual and collective behaviors. The authors collected the data from   an emerging OSS hosting platform Gitee in China. This research indicates   that the success mode for open source software projects in China relies   a lot on the project initiators. Project initiators not only contribute   codes to aid the project directly, but also use their social capital to   facilitate the project success. But no full play has been given to   social network's effect on mass production and collaborative innovation.   The authors suggest collaborative innovation which could lead to   coherence of global collective wisdom, reduced development costs, and   expanded source of innovation should be the further direction for the   OSS project in emerging platforms.",10.4018/IJISSS.2020010103
1359,InProceedings,The Sustainability of Quality in Free and Open Source Software,"We learned from the history of software that great software are the ones   who manage to sustain their quality. Free and open source software   (FOSS) has become a serious software supply channel. However, trust on   FOSS products is still an issue. Quality is a trait that enhances trust.   In my study, I investigate the following question: how do FOSS   communities sustain their software quality? I argue that human and   social factors contribute to the sustainability of quality in FOSS   communities. Amongst these factors are: the motivation of participants,   robust governance style for the software change process, and the   exercise of good practices in the pull requests evaluation process.",10.1145/3377812.3381402
1361,Article,The Third Design Space: A postcolonial perspective on corporate   engagement with open source software communities,"Corporations increasingly engage with open source software communities   in the co-creation of software. This collaboration between corporate   professionals and open source software community members is strikingly   different from the early days of software development where for-profit   firms attempted to dominate and control the industry while attempting to   throttle the success of independent developers offering an alternative,   open source option. While many metaphors like trading zones, common pool   resources and ecosystems have helped understand the phenomenon, the   metaphors do not portray what the industry was like before and after the   transition. We adopt a postcolonial metaphor as an analytical lens to   examine such collaboration based on qualitative data gathered over three   years from executives, managers and developers within corporations that   engage in open source software development. Drawing on these insights,   we then theorize a ``Third Design Space,{''} based on the concept of the   third space proposed by Bhabha. This metaphor encourages the cultivation   of a new design environment, creation of new design associations and   circulation of shared design resources. Together these practices and   behaviours make it possible to nurture innovative methods and new   rituals for designing software with results and methods that represent a   distinct departure from the competitive and proprietary past, even   creating innovative artefacts that could not have been created without   the Third Design Space.",10.1111/isj.12270
1363,InCollection,The history and future prospects of open data and open source software,"Open data for all New Yorkers is the tagline on New York City's open   data website. Open government is being promoted at most countries of the   western world. Governments' transparency levels are being measured by   the amount of data they share through their online public repositories.   Additionally, open source software is promoted at governments, academia,   and the industry-this is the new digital story of this century, and the   new testament between the Gods of technology and there users; data and   software openness will redefine the path forward and aim to rekindle our   collective intelligence. Data and software openness can redefine Data   Democracy and be the catalyst for its progress. This chapter provides a   historical insight into data and software openness, the beginnings, the   heroes, prospects for the future, and all things we cannot afford to   negotiate or lose.",10.1016/B978-0-12-818366-3.00003-4
1364,Article,The role of openness in open collaboration: A focus on open-source   software development projects,"Open-source software development projects are well suited for exploring   new ideas and acquiring knowledge from developers outside of the   project. In this paper, we examine the impact of external developers on   innovation in open-source software development from the perspective of   organizational learning theory. We examine the roles of external and   internal developers, who ``explore{''} and ``exploit,{''} respectively,   on the innovation performance of 17 691 open-source software development   projects whose data is stored in the GitHub platform. The results   indicate that a multi-faceted strategy, in which the exploitation   successfully supports the exploration, is most effective for their   success. The results also indicate that the role of exploration   decreases after the release of the software.",10.4218/etrij.2018-0536
1368,Article,The {Impact} of {Anonymous} {Peripheral} {Contributions} on {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development},"Online peer production communities such as open source software (OSS) projects attract both identified and anonymous peripheral contributions (APC) (e.g., defect reports, feature requests, or forum posts). While we can attribute identified peripheral contributions (IPC) to specific individuals and OSS projects need them to succeed, one cannot trace back anonymous peripheral contributions (APC), and they can have both positive and negative ramifications for project development. Open platforms and managers face a challenging design choice in deciding whether to allow APC and for which tasks or what type of projects. We examine the impact that the ratio between APC and IPC has on OSS project performance. Our results suggest that the OSS projects perform the best when they contain a uniform anonymity level (i.e., they contain predominantly APC or predominantly IPC). However, our results also suggest that OSS projects have lower performance when the ratio between APC and IPC nears one (i.e., they contain close to the same number of APC and IPC). Furthermore, our results suggest that these results differ depending on the type of application that a project develops. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate about the implications of anonymity for online communities and informs managers about the effect that anonymous contributions have on their projects.",10.17705/1thci.00133
1373,Article,Topic Evolution and Emerging Topic Analysis Based on Open Source   Software,"Purpose: We present an analytical, open source and flexible natural   language processing and text mining method for topic evolution, emerging   topic detection and research trend forecasting for all kinds of   data-tagged text.   Design/methodology/approach: We make full use of the functions provided   by the open source VOSviewer and Microsoft Office, including a thesaurus   for data clean-up and a LOOKUP function for comparative analysis.   Findings: Through application and verification in the domain of   perovskite solar cells research, this method proves to be effective.   Research limitations: A certain amount of manual data processing and a   specific research domain background are required for better, more   illustrative analysis results. Adequate time for analysis is also   necessary.   Originality/value: This text analysis approach has not been reported   before.",10.2478/jdis-2020-0033
1374,InProceedings,Towards Precise Descriptions of Medical Free/Libre and Open Source   Software,"The web portal Medfloss.org lists over 360 medical free/libre and open   source software (MEDFLOSS) projects. These projects are described with   the help of a self-developed nomenclature. Due to inconsistencies, the   nomenclature shall be replaced by HITO, the Health IT Ontology. HITO is   developed iteratively based on different use cases. This paper aims to   describe methods and results of the second HITO use case in which HITO   is extended to improve the description, retrieval and comparisons of   MEDFLOSS projects on Medfloss.org. We use a mixed-methods approach to   add concepts and relationships to describe MEDFLOSS precisely. The   resulting HITO version stresses functional descriptions based on   features and supported enterprise functions, rather than just describing   technical characteristics. However, describing a larger number of   MEDFLOSS projects requires the commitment of the community.",10.3233/SHTI200203
1375,Article,"Towards an Online Database for Archaeological Landscapes. Using the Web   Based, Open Source Software OpenAtlas for the Acquisition, Analysis and   Dissemination of Archaeological and Historical Data on a Landscape Basis","In this paper, we present the web-based, open source software OpenAtlas,   which uses the International Council of Museums' Conceptual Reference   Model (CIDOC CRM), and its possible future potential for the   acquisition, analysis and dissemination of a wide range of   archaeological and historical data on a landscape basis. To this end, we   will first introduce the ongoing research project The Anthropological   and Archaeological Database of Sepultures (THANADOS), built upon   OpenAtlas, as well as its data model and interactive web   interface/presentation frontend. Subsequently, the article will then   discuss the possible extension of this database of early medieval   cemeteries with regard to the integration of further archaeological   structures (e.g., medieval settlements, fortifications, field systems   and traffic routes) and other data, such as historical maps, aerial   photographs and airborne laser scanning data. Finally, the paper will   conclude with the general added value for future research projects by   such a collaborative and web-based approach.",10.3390/heritage3040077
1376,InProceedings,URBANopt: AN OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT FOR COMMUNITY AND   URBAN DISTRICT ENERGY MODELING,"Urban building modeling tools are developing rapidly; these tools use   emerging simulation workflows for specific urban environmental design   tasks, such as assessing the impacts of energy efficiency technologies   at a district scale. However, with the emergence of new environmental   design tasks, addressing all possible use cases and tasks is challenging   and cannot be covered by a single tool. Urban-scale analysis at this   level of complexity often requires linking multiple emerging tools,   rather than using a single tool, to adequately evaluate a variety of   possible fields in urban environmental design. To achieve this, flexible   platforms are needed to support multiple input formats (e.g., geometric   and non-geometric building properties), enabling the mapping of such   inputs to underlying simulation engines.   This paper provides an overview of the open-source URBANopt Software   Development Kit (SDK) for modeling high-performance buildings and energy   systems at a district scale. URBANopt's flexible SDK is composed of   several modules that can be customized to integrate with other tools and   generate new workflows to perform urban environmental design tasks, such   as capturing interactions between individual buildings, district energy   systems, distributed energy resources, and the electric distribution   grid.   We describe the functionality of the core SDK modules in URBANopt   (called Core Gem, GeoJSON Gem, and Scenario Gem) and discuss the   flexibility of these modules as a means of integration with a variety of   tools. We also document and demonstrate technical details of writing and   combining new modules to create customized workflows. Finally, we   present a case study that uses the URBANopt SDK to model a hypothetical   mixed-use urban project and simulate various scenarios to meet district   energy performance goals.",NA
1377,Article,Uncovering the Periphery: A Qualitative Survey of Episodic Volunteering   in Free/Libre and Open Source Software Communities,"Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities are composed, in   part, of volunteers, many of whom contribute infrequently. However,   these infrequent volunteers contribute to the sustainability of FLOSS   projects, and should ideally be encouraged to continue participating,   even if they cannot be persuaded to contribute regularly. Infrequent   contributions are part of a trend which has been widely observed in   other sectors of volunteering, where it has been termed ``episodic   volunteering{''} (EV). Previous FLOSS research has focused on the Onion   model, differentiating core and peripheral developers, with the latter   considered as a homogeneous group. We argue this is too simplistic,   given the size of the periphery group and the myriad of valuable   activities they perform beyond coding. Our exploratory qualitative   survey of 13 FLOSS communities investigated what episodic volunteering   looks like in a FLOSS context. EV is widespread in FLOSS communities,   although not specifically managed. We suggest several recommendations   for managing EV based on a framework drawn from the volunteering   literature. Also, episodic volunteers make a wide range of value-added   contributions other than code, and they should neither be expected nor   coerced into becoming habitual volunteers.",10.1109/TSE.2018.2872713
1380,InProceedings,Understanding FLOSS through community publications: Strategies for Grey   Literature Review,"Over the last decades, the Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS)   phenomenon has been a topic of study and a source of real-life artifacts   for software engineering research. A FLOSS project usually has a   community around its project, organically producing informative   resources to describe how, when, and why a particular change occurred in   the source code or the development flow. Therefore, when studying this   kind of project, collecting and analyzing texts and artifacts can   promote a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon and the   variety of organizational settings. However, despite the importance of   examining Grey Literature (GL), such as technical reports, white papers,   magazines, and blog posts for studying FLOSS projects, the GL Review is   still an emerging technique in software engineering studies, lacking a   well-established investigative methodology. To mitigate this gap, we   present and discuss challenges and adaptations for the planning and   execution of GL reviews in the FLOSS scenario. We provide a set of   guidelines and lessons learned for further research, using, as an   example, a review we are conducting on the Linux kernel development   model.",10.1145/3377816.3381729
1382,Article,Understanding Users' Contributions in Open Source Software Communities:   A Social Influence Perspective,"User contributions are crucial to the success of open source software   (OSS) communities. As users conduct frequent interactions between each   other, their contribution behaviour may receive the social influence   from other members. Drawing on the social influence theory, this   research examined user contributions in OSS communities. The results   indicated that contribution intention is significantly affected by   social identity, which includes cognitive, affective and evaluative   identity. In addition, the researchers found that the subjective norm   has a negative effect on contribution intention. The results imply that   service providers need to enhance user identification with the community   in order to facilitate their contribution in OSS communities.",10.4018/IJTHI.2020100107
1384,Article,User acceptance model of open source software: an integrated model of   OSS characteristics and UTAUT,"Globally, the acceptance of Open Source Software (OSS) varies among the   users of a company. Despite the substantive software, social, and   infrastructure-related implications of OSS acceptance, the research on   the acceptance of OSS across organizations inhabitants remains   surprisingly limited. To propose a model for the acceptance of OSS;   investigate the influence of the OSS characteristics, UTAUT constructs,   and infrastructure factors on the acceptance of open source software   system. It also examines the validity of UTAUT in the open source   software context. Quantitative design has been used following the   distribution of questionnaire among a sample of 255 individuals employed   at public and private organizations (172 males and 83 females). Software   quality, software interoperability, and software security had a   significant impact on the performance expectancy (PE) (beta = 0.445, P <   0.001), (beta = 0.302, P < 0.001), (beta = 0.139, P < 0.05),   respectively. Moreover, PE, cost, facilitating conditions, social   influence SI and self-efficacy had a notable impact on the behavioral   intention (beta = 0.275, P < 0.05), (beta = 0.229, P < 0.01), (beta =   0.136, P < 0.01), (beta = 0.220, P < 0.01) and (beta = 0.174, P < 0.01)   respectively. A new path appears to exist between EE (effort expectancy)   and PE (beta = 0.215, P < 0.01). The outcomes indicated that users   perceive that OSS user-friendliness must be upgraded for optimizing its   benefits. It showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy,   social influence, self-efficacy, software security, software quality,   software interoperability, and software cost are important indicators in   the acceptance and implementation of OSS. Further research can be   conducted in organizations to observe the implementation of OSS and its   effectiveness.",10.1007/s12652-019-01524-7
1385,Article,Using Ensembles for Class-Imbalance Problem to Predict Maintainability   of Open Source Software,"To facilitate software maintenance and save the maintenance cost,   numerous machine learning (ML) techniques have been studied to predict   the maintainability of software modules or classes. An abundant amount   of effort has been put by the research community to develop software   maintainability prediction (SMP) models by relating software metrics to   the maintainability of modules or classes. When software classes   demanding the high maintainability effort (HME) are less as compared to   the low maintainability effort (LME) classes, the situation leads to   imbalanced datasets for training the SMP models. The imbalanced class   distribution in SMP datasets could be a dilemma for various ML   techniques because, in the case of an imbalanced dataset, minority class   instances are either misclassified by the ML techniques or get discarded   as noise. The recent development in predictive modeling has ascertained   that ensemble techniques can boost the performance of ML techniques by   collating their predictions. Ensembles themselves do not solve the   class-imbalance problem much. However, aggregation of ensemble   techniques with the certain techniques to handle class-imbalance problem   (e.g., data resampling) has led to several proposals in research. This   paper evaluates the performance of ensembles for the class-imbalance in   the domain of SMP. The ensembles for class-imbalance problem (ECIP) are   the modification of ensembles which pre-process the imbalanced data   using data resampling before the learning process. This study   experimentally compares the performance of several ECIP using   performance metrics Balance and g-Mean over eight Apache software   datasets. The results of the study advocate that for imbalanced   datasets, ECIP improves the performance of SMP models as compared to   classic ensembles.",10.1142/S0218539320400112
1386,Article,Using open-source software and digital imagery to efficiently and   objectively quantify cover density of an invasive alien plant species,"The most commonly used method for measuring vegetation cover is visual   estimation, which is highly subjective, potentially leading to   measurement errors. This poses serious implications to the assessment   and continued management of plant species cover, for example in the   control of invasive plant species. Morphological analysis of digital   imagery has, to date, been primarily applied in the classification of   landscape features. Our novel application of morphological image   analysis provides an objective method for detection and accurate cover   assessment of an invasive alien plant species (IAS), giving reduced   measurement errors when compared to visual estimation. Importantly, this   method is entirely based on free software. Guidos Toolbox is a   collection of generic raster image processing routines, including   Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), which classifies and   quantifies features according to shape. MSPA was employed in this study   to detect and quantify cover of invasive Petasites pyrenaicus (Winter   heliotrope) in digital images of 1 m x 1 m plots. Its efficacy was   compared to that of two other methods- GIS Digitisation (used as an   accurate baseline) and Visual Estimation (standard method). We tested   the limit of MSPA usability on images of varying complexity, i.e.   ``simple{''}, intermediate{''} or ``complex{''}, depending on   presence/absence of other vascular plant species and the species   richness of plot. Our results show good agreement between all three   methods. MSPA measurement of P. pyrenaicus cover was most closely   aligned with the GIS Digitisation (concordance correlation coefficients   of 0.966). Visual Estimation was less closely aligned with GIS   Digitisation (concordance correlation coefficients of 0.888). However,   image complexity resulted in differing levels of agreement; with the   closest agreement being achieved between MSPA and GIS Digitisation when   used on images of lower and higher complexity. MSPA consistently   provides higher accuracy and precision for P. pyrenaicus cover   measurement than the standard Visual Estimation method. Our methodology   is applicable to a range of focal vegetation species, both herbaceous   and graminoid. Future application of MSPA for larger-scale surveying and   monitoring via remote sensing is discussed, potentially reducing   resource demands and increasing cover measurement consistency and   accuracy. We recommend this method forms part of vegetation management   toolkits for not only environmental managers, but for anyone concerned   with plant cover assessment, from agricultural systems to sustainable   resource use.",10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110519
1388,InProceedings,VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS OF BEEF FLOSS WITH FILLERS OF PAPAYA FRUITS AND   BANANA BLOSSOM'S,"Beef floss is a complementary food that is very popular with the   community. The technology of making beef floss is increasingly varied   following the trend of public demand. The problem faced by the household   industry that produces beef floss is the high cost of production. Steps   to use fiber-rich food sources can be used as a solution to increase the   quantity of beef floss production without damaging quality. This   research purpose to analyze the value added utilization of fiber-rich   materials papaya fruit and banana blossom's as fillers for beef floss   production. The method used in this study is the observation method in   the Karya Sejahtera Women's Farmer Group. Analysis of the data used is   an analysis of the value added approach of Hayami. The results showed   that the added value created from the processing of beef floss with   fillers of papaya fruit provides higher added value compared to the   banana blossom's which is Rp 153,000 / kg value-added ratio to the value   of the product of 51\\% and profit Rp 180,000 / kg with the profit rate   of 76\\%. The value of the profits obtained from the production of beef   floss with papaya fruit fillers is higher than the banana floss and   original.",10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012062
1389,Article,"Value capture in open innovation processes with radical circles: A   qualitative analysis of firms' collaborations with Slow Food, Memphis,   and Free Software Foundation","Despite the wealth of research on open innovation, the mechanisms that   enable capturing value through adopting an open innovation approach   remain largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on open innovation   processes among firms and radical circles and shed light on the related   value capture mechanisms. We rely on a detailed qualitative case   analysis of collaborations between firms and three radical circles   (i.e., Slow Food, Memphis, and the Free Software Foundation). Our case   studies highlight that the firms captured value from collaborating with   these radical circles through developing internal assets (reputational,   organizational, intellectual and human, and technological) and new   business models. Starting from these insights, the study offers several   contributions to open innovation research as well as interesting avenues   for future inquiry into this topic.",10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120128
1392,InProceedings,Welcome? Investigating the reception of new contributors to   organizational-communal open source software projects,"The way new contributors are received by the established contributors in   an open source project is a factor in whether they will become more   regular contributors. This research examines the reception of new   contributors in three open source projects to discover whether there are   differences in how established contributors respond to new contributors,   and if so, what those differences are. Through statistical analysis of   time to first response and sentiment analysis of that response to a new   contributor's issue, we found that there is a difference in both the   speed and content of responses to new contributors' issues as opposed to   those of established contributors. This difference suggests that the   open source projects we observed are attentive to whether an issue was   created by a new contributor and may make an effort to respond in a   welcoming manner.",NA
1393,InProceedings,What do developers talk about open source software licensing?,"Free and open source software has gained a lot of momentum in the   industry and the research community. Open source licenses determine the   rules, under which the open source software can be further used and   distributed. Previous works have examined the usage of open source   licenses in the framework of specific projects or online social coding   platforms, examining developers specific licensing views for specific   software. However, the questions practitioners ask about licenses and   licensing as captured in Question and Answer websites also constitute an   important aspect toward understanding practitioners general licenses and   licensing concerns. In this paper, we investigate open source license   discussions using data from the Software Engineering, Open Source and   Law Stack Exchange sites that contain relevant data. We describe the   process used for the data collection and analysis, and discuss the main   results that can be useful for developers, educators and license   authors. Our results indicate that clarifications about specific   licenses and specific license terms are required.",10.1109/SEAA51224.2020.00022
1394,InProceedings,What to Expect from Code Review Bots on GitHub? A Survey with OSS   Maintainers,"Software bots are used by Open Source Software (OSS) projects to   streamline the code review process. Interfacing between developers and   automated services, code review bots report continuous integration   failures, code quality checks, and code coverage. However, the impact of   such bots on maintenance tasks is still neglected. In this paper, we   study how project maintainers experience code review bots. We surveyed   127 maintainers and asked about their expectations and perception of   changes incurred by code review bots. Our findings reveal that the most   frequent expectations include enhancing the feedback bots provide to   developers, reducing the maintenance burden for developers, and   enforcing code coverage. While maintainers report that bots satisfied   their expectations, they also perceived unexpected effects, such as   communication noise and newcomers' dropout. Based on these results, we   provide a series of implications for bot developers, as well as insights   for future research.",10.1145/3422392.3422459
1396,Article,"What to share, when, and where: balancing the objectives and   complexities of open source software contributions","Context: Software-intensive organizations' rationale for sharing Open   Source Software (OSS) may be driven by both idealistic, strategic and   commercial objectives, and include both monetary as well as non-monetary   benefits. To gain the potential benefits, an organization may need to   consider what they share and how, while taking into account risks, costs   and other complexities. Objective: This study aims to empirically   investigate objectives and complexities organizations need to consider   and balance between when deciding on what software to share as OSS, when   to share it, and whether to create a new or contribute to an existing   community. Method: A multiple-case study of three case organizations was   conducted in two research cycles, with data gathered from interviews   with 20 practitioners from these organizations. The data was analyzed   qualitatively in an inductive and iterative coding process. Results: 12   contribution objectives and 15 contribution complexities were found.   Objectives include opportunities for improving reputation, managing   suppliers, managing partners and competitors, and exploiting externally   available knowledge and resources. Complexities include risk of loosing   control, risk of giving away competitive advantage, risk of creating   negative exposure, costs of contributing, and the possibility and need   to contribute to an existing or new community. Conclusions: Cross-case   analysis and interview validation show that the identified objectives   and complexities offer organizations a possibility to reflect on and   adapt their contribution strategies based on their specific contexts and   business goals.",10.1007/s10664-020-09855-2
1397,InProceedings,"Wind turbine control: open-source software for control education,   standardization and compilation","Standardized, easy to use, and preferably open-source research software   is an important aspect in supporting and solidifying the wind turbine   community. To this end, three contributions in the form of open-source   software projects are presented in this paper. First, a community-driven   wind turbine baseline controller, the Delft Research Controller (DRC),   is presented. The DRC is applicable to high-fidelity simulation software   that uses the DISCON controller interface. The controller distinguishes   itself by the variety of available control and estimation   implementations, its ease of use, and the universal applicability to   wind turbine models. Secondly, in the wake of the DRC, the SimulinkDRC   graphical controller design and compilation environment has been   developed. Users having access to Simulink can benefit from the   convenient way of controller development the tool provides. Finally, the   FASTTool has been developed for educational purposes, by focusing on the   graphical aspect of wind turbine (controller) design. The tool   simplifies interaction with the advanced FAST simulation software, by   comprehensive visualizations and analysis tools. This paper demonstrates   and describes the functionality of all three software projects.",10.1088/1742-6596/1452/1/012010
1398,InProceedings,Work Practices and Perceptions from Women Core Developers in OSS Communities,"Background. The effect of gender diversity in open source communities has gained increasing attention from practitioners and researchers. For instance, organizations such as the Python Software Foundation and the OpenStack Foundation started actions to increase gender diversity and promote women to top positions in the communities. Problem. Although the general underrepresentation of women (a.k.a. horizontal segregation) in open source communities has been explored in a number of research studies, little is known about the vertical segregation in open source communities---which occurs when there are fewer women in high level positions. Aims. To address this research gap, in this paper we present the results of a mixed-methods study on gender diversity and work practices of core developers contributing to open-source communities. Method. In the first study, we used mining-software repositories procedures to identify the core developers of 711 open source projects, in order to understand how common are women core developers in open source communities and characterize their work practices. In the second study, we surveyed the women core developers we identified in the first study to collect their perceptions of gender diversity and gender bias they might have observed while contributing to open source systems. Results. Our findings show that open source communities present both horizontal and vertical segregation (only 2.3% of the core developers are women). Nevertheless, differently from previous studies, most of the women core developers (65.7%) report never having experienced gender discrimination when contributing to an open source project. Finally, we did not note substantial differences between the work practices among women and men core developers. Conclusions. We reflect on these findings and present some ideas that might increase the participation of women in open source communities.",10.1145/3382494.3410682
1399,Article,iBEX: Modular Open-Source Software for Digital Radiography,"A device-independent software package, named iBEX, is developed to   accelerate the research and development efforts for X-ray imaging setups   such as chest radiography, linear and multidirectional tomography, and   dental and skeletal radiography. Its extension mechanism makes the   software adaptable for a wide range of digital X-ray imaging hardware   combinations and provides capabilities for researchers to develop image   processing plug-ins. Independent of the X-ray sensor technology, iBEX   could integrate with heterogeneous communication channels of digital   detectors. iBEX is a freeware option for preclinical and early clinical   testing of radiography devices. It provides tools to calibrate the   device, integrate to health information infrastructure, acquire image,   store studies on local storage, and send them to Picture Archiving and   Communication System (PACS). iBEX is a unique open-source project   bringing X-ray imaging devices' software into the scope of the   open-source community to reduce the X-ray scanners' research effort,   potentially increase the image quality, and cut down the production and   testing costs of radiography devices.",10.1007/s10278-019-00304-1
1400,Article,{FREE} {SOFTWARE} {LAW} {PROJECTS} {IN} {COLOMBIA},"This article covers an analysis of the bills presented before the Republic of Colombia Congress as efforts to regulate free software in the country, which were not successful in their legislative process. It analyzes whether the transits generated in the legislative proposals and the reasons why they were not approved, emphasizing the position of groups that defend free software. Therefore, a revision of legislative documents published in the Colombian official media was proposed, taking into account the approach of several actors involved in controversies from a virtual ethnography perspective, in which virtual spaces are included as a mechanism to understand the dynamics between the actors involved in the debate. In the end, it is affirmed that the failure of free software bills in Colombia highlights the interests of dominant groups that establish influential alliances in the course of technological regulation, in addition to a technological discourse with market interests.Alternate abstract:El presente artículo es un análisis sobre los proyectos de ley presentados ante el Congreso de la República con la intención de legislar el software libre en Colombia, los cuales no fueron exitosos en su trámite legislativo. Se analizan los tránsitos generados en las propuestas legislativas y las razones por las cuales estas no fueron aprobadas, haciendo énfasis en la postura de los grupos defensores del software libre. Con este fin se propuso la revisión de documentos legislativos publicados en los medios oficiales colombianos, además del abordaje a diversos actores involucrados en las controversias desde la perspectiva de la etnografía virtual, en la cual se abordan los espacios virtuales, como mecanismo para entender las dinámicas que ocurrieron entre diversos actores involucrados en el debate. Se afirma que el fracaso de los proyectos de ley sobre software libre en Colombia evidencia los intereses de grupos dominantes que establecen alianzas influyentes en el curso de la regulación tecnológica, además, de la alineación del discurso tecnológico con intereses mercantiles.Alternate abstract:L’article analyse l’échec des projets de lois soumis au Congrès de la république de Colombie sur la réglementation du logiciel libre dans le pays. Il examine le parcours des propositions législatives et les raisons de leur non-approbation tout en mettant l’accent sur la position des partisans du logiciel libre. L’objectif est d’étudier les documents législatifs publiés dans la presse officielle colombienne en tenant compte de l’approche de différents acteurs impliqués dans les controverses depuis la perspective de l’ethnographie virtuelle, où les espaces virtuels sont un mécanisme qui permet de comprendre les dynamiques entre les participants du débat. La recherche montre que l’échec des projets de loi sur le logiciel libre en Colombie est lié aux intérêts de groupes dominants qui établissent des alliances influentes au niveau de la régulation technologique et dont le discours technologique est dominé par des intérêts commerciaux.",10.1590/3510406/2020
1401,Article,3D Virtual Planning for Rhinoplasty Using a Free Add-On for Open-Source   Software,"Background: Rhinoplasty is one of the most frequent aesthetic surgeries;   the procedure can be challenging for inexperienced surgeons, and   positive outcomes depend on good communication with the patient, proper   planning, and precise execution. Three-dimensional (3D) technology has   emerged to address these issues, but specific software for 3D planning   tends to be expensive.   Objectives: This study presents a simple, low-cost method for 3D   simulation to plan rhinoplasty.   Methods: This preliminary report describes 3D rhinoplasty planning in a   series of 3 cases employing free software and an add-on especially   developed for rhinoplasty (Blender and RhinOnBlender, respectively). The   photogrammetry protocol, which can be performed easily with a   smartphone, is described in detail along with all the steps in 3D   planning.   Results: The software and add-on automated the process, making the tool   environment accessible to surgeons who are not familiar with graphic   design software. The surgeries were uneventful in all cases, and the   patients were satisfied with the outcomes.   Conclusions: 3D graphic technology has provided significant advances in   health research, improvement, and teaching for surgeons and   communication between surgeons and patients. Free open-source software   and add-ons are excellent options that offer proven utility,   affordability, and ease of utilization to healthcare providers.",10.1093/asj/sjab085
1402,Article,A Semi-Automatic Method to Create an Affordable Three-Dimensional   Printed Splint Using Open-Source and Free Software,"Three-dimensional (3D) printed splints are becoming more feasible in   recent years, showing promising lightweight, waterproof, and hygienic   designs. A typical procedure to create 3D printed splints is obtaining   the geometry of a body segment using a 3D scanner, creating a 3D   printable splint model based on the geometry of the body segment, and 3D   printing the splint. As technologies of 3D scanning and 3D printing   become mature gradually, the main challenge to fabricate 3D printed   splint is to create 3D printable splint models. To solve this challenge,   researchers have proposed various methods to design 3D splint models.   However, most methods require extensive 3D modeling skills that medical   professionals are lacking. In this work, a semi-automatic method is   proposed to create a 3D printable model. Given the geometry of a body   segment obtained through a 3D scanner, the method includes three key   steps: (1) create a draft splint lattice structure, (2) optimize the   splint structure, and (3) create a 3D printable model based on the   optimized structure. All the software adopted for this method is free   and readily available, and thus, there is no additional cost to convert   from a scanned geometry of a body segment to a 3D printable splint   model. Because the majority of the work is done automatically, with   initial training, a medical professional should be able to create a 3D   printable model using the proposed method, given the geometry of a body   segment. The proposed method is demonstrated by creating a 3D printed   wrist splint and the demo is uploaded into GitHub, a popular open-source   platform.",10.7759/cureus.13934
1403,InProceedings,A Study of Maintainability in Evolving Open-Source Software,"Our study is focused on an evaluation of the maintainability   characteristic in the context of the long-term evolution of open-source   software. According to well established software quality models such as   the ISO 9126 and the more recent ISO 25010, maintainability remains   among key quality characteristics alongside performance, security and   reliability. To achieve our objective, we selected three complex, widely   used target applications for which access to their entire development   history and source code was available. To enable cross-application   comparison, we restricted our selection to GUI-driven software developed   on the Java platform. We focused our examination on released versions,   resulting in 111 software releases included in our case study. These   covered more than 10 years of development for each of the applications.   For each version, we determined its maintainability using three distinct   quantitative models of varying complexity. We examined the relation   between software size and maintainability and studied the main drivers   of important changes to software maintainability. We contextualized our   findings using manual source code examination. We also carried out a   finer grained evaluation at package level to determine the distribution   of maintainability issues within application source code. Finally, we   provided a cross-application analysis in order to identify common as   well as application-specific patterns.",10.1007/978-3-030-70006-5\\_11
1404,Article,A funfair without the candy floss: engaging communities to prevent   diabetes in Nepal,"Objectives: The World Health Organization estimates that 422 million   people have diabetes, three-quarters of whom live in low- and   middle-income countries. Global action plans to address non-communicable   diseases (NCDs) recognise the centrality of community engagement to   create an enabling environment within which to address risk factors.   Study design: In this article, we describe and critically reflect on a   cocreated community engagement approach to address type 2 diabetes in   the southern plains of Nepal. We coproduced the engagement approach with   40 artists from the Janakpur Women's Development Centre to create an   environment for dialogue about diabetes and NCD risk between artists and   the general public.   Methods: We used participatory action research to produce contextually   relevant interactive methods and materials. Methods included artists'   peer research to inform creative workshops, a drama performed in 19   villages and a two-day funfair in a public park. We used qualitative and   participatory methods to analyse the effect of this engagement and   reflect on lessons learned.   Results: Around 2000 people saw the drama, and around 4000 people   attended the funfair. Community dialogue about prevention of diabetes   was facilitated by drama and through games and songs at the funfair.   Artists grew confident to interact with their peers and drama audiences   about the causes of diabetes and prevention strategies. Despite crowds   at the funfair, it was difficult to reach women because the venue was   often used by men and boys, and patriarchal norms prevent women from   free movement. Village interactions were able to engage a more mixed   audience.   Conclusion: Innovative, asset-based community engagement about diabetes   and other NCDs at scale is possible through locating, building on and   strengthening community resources to address local health issues.   Engagement could be enhanced by considering the gendered nature of   community engagement spaces and by increasing opportunities for   interaction between artists and the general public through more intimate   and large-scale events. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd   on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.",10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.012
1405,Article,A novel workflow utilizing open-source software tools in the   environmental fate studies: The example of imatinib biotransformation,"The aim of this study is to utilize novel and powerful workflows with   publicly available tools to efficiently process data and facilitate   rapid acquisition of knowledge on environmental fate studies. Taking   imatinib (IMA) as an example, we developed an efficient workflow to   describe IMA biodegradation with activated sludge (AS) from wastewater   treatment plants (WWTP). IMA is a cytostatic pharmaceutical; a selective   tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Its   reported ecotoxic, endocrine and genotoxic effects imply high risk for   aquatic wildlife and human health, however its fate in the environment   is not yet well known. The study was conducted in a batch   biotransformation setup, at two AS concentration levels and in presence   and absence of carbon source. Degradation profiles and formation of IMA   transformation products (TPs) were investigated using   UHPLC-QqOrbitrap-MS/MS which showed that IMA is readily biodegradable.   TPs were determined using multivariate statistical analysis. Eight TPs   were determined and tentatively identified, six of them for first time.   Hydrolysis of amide bond, oxidation, demethylation, deamination,   acetylation and succinylation are proposed as major biodegradation   pathways. TP235, the product of amide bond hydrolysis, was detected and   quantified in actual wastewaters, at levels around 1 ng/L. This calls   for more studies on the environmental fate of IMA in order to properly   asses the environmental risk and hazard associated to IMA and its TPs.   (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access   article under the CC BY license (http://   creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149063
1406,Article,A straightforward protocol for designing an interim hollow shell with   open-source software,"Background: An interim hollow shell (IHS) is a temporary prosthesis that   adapts like a cap over a prepared tooth abutment. Using a conventional   protocol to fabricate IHS from casts of the initial situation or the   wax-up can be challenging, time-consuming, and sometimes frustrating. A   digital workflow makes this process quicker and more convenient. The IHS   must be first designed with computer-aided design (CAD), then fabricated   with computer-aided manufacture (CAM). Proprietary dental software is   commonly used for the design process but needs to be purchased.   Objective: To describe a step-by-step technique for designing an IHS for   posterior relining with open-source software. Methods: This paper   describes a straightforward procedure to design an IHS from a dental   scan of the initial situation or a digital wax-up for an esthetic and   functional temporary rehabilitation. Results: An IHS can be quickly   designed using open-source software by copying an existing restoration   or a conventional or digital wax-up. Then, the design can be 3D printed   using a biocompatible resin. Conclusions: The clinician can use   open-source software to design IHSs, which are then 3D printed using a   biocompatible resin. Clinical relevance: The clinician can design IHSs   from a dental scan of the initial situation or a wax-up using opensource   software by following the step-by-step protocol outlined in this paper.   The restoration can then be 3D printed using a biocompatible resin.",10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103796
1407,Article,A {Critical} {Review} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {Freedom} or {Benefit} {Libertarian} {View} {Versus} {Corporate} {View},"This is a critical literature review of the open-source software landscape and what purpose it aims to serve by accelerating a debate in the field of IS about what open source means and how it has transformed the social and economic landscape of the software industry. As the general population has developed an increased dependence on information technology, the necessity for quality software offerings has also increased. This article attempts to present, interpret, and compare the two contrasting theories of the open-source landscape—the libertarian view versus the corporate view. Subsequently, it aims to delve into the battle of these two conflicting theories and what their interpretations present from the perspective of socially embedded lens—freedom or benefit (profit). This article will examine the differing opinions and dichotomy of the scholars from multiple angles and if the juxtaposition of these two theories creates the holistic view of the landscape.",10.1109/MITP.2020.3014450
1408,Article,AI-Track-tive: open-source software for automated recognition and   counting of surface semi-tracks using computer vision (artificial   intelligence),"A new method for automatic counting of etched fission tracks in minerals   is described and presented in this article. Artificial intelligence   techniques such as deep neural networks and computer vision were trained   to detect fission surface semi-tracks on images. The deep neural   networks can be used in an open-source computer program for   semi-automated fission track dating called ``AI-Track-tive{''}. Our   custom-trained deep neural networks use the YOLOv3 object detection   algorithm, which is currently one of the most powerful and fastest   object recognition algorithms. The developed program successfully finds   most of the fission tracks in the microscope images; however, the user   still needs to supervise the automatic counting. The presented deep   neural networks have high precision for apatite (97 \\%) and mica (98   \\%). Recall values are lower for apatite (86 \\%) than for mica (91 \\%).   The application can be used online at https://ai-track-tive.ugent.be   (last access: 29 June 2021), or it can be downloaded as an offline   application for Windows.",10.5194/gchron-3-383-2021
1409,Article,Ambit-SLN: an Open Source Software Library for Processing of Chemical   Objects via SLN Linear Notation,"SLN (SYBYL Line Notation) is the most comprehensive and rich linear   notation for representation of chemical objects of various kinds   facilitating a wide range of cheminformatics algorithms. Though, it is   not the most popular linear notation nowadays, SLN has capabilities for   supporting the most challenging tasks of the present day cheminformatics   research. We present Ambit-SLN, a new software library for   cheminformatics processing of chemical objects via linear notation SLN.   Ambit-SLN is developed as a part of the cheminformatics platform AMBIT.   It is an open-source tool, distributed under LGPL license, written in   Java and based on the Chemistry Development Kit. Ambit-SLN includes a   parser for the full SLN syntax of chemical structures and substructure   search queries including support for macro and Markush atoms, global and   local dictionaries and user defined properties which can be stored and   used by the Ambit data model. The Ambit-SLN library includes   functionalities for substructure matching based on SLN query strings and   utilities for conversion of SLN objects to other chemical formats such   as SMILES and SMARTS. The functionality for Markush atom expansion can   be used for generation of combinatorial structure sets.",10.1002/minf.202100027
1410,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of OSS-Fuzz Bugs,"Continuous fuzzing is an increasingly popular technique for automated   quality and security assurance. Google maintains OSS-Fuzz: a continuous   fuzzing service for open source software. We conduct the first empirical   study of OSS-Fuzz, analyzing 23,907 bugs found in 316 projects. We   examine the characteristics of fuzzer-found faults, the lifecycles of   such faults, and the evolution of fuzzing campaigns over time. We find   that OSS-Fuzz is often effective at quickly finding bugs, and developers   are often quick to patch them. However, flaky bugs, timeouts, and out of   memory errors are problematic, people rarely file CVEs for security   vulnerabilities, and fuzzing campaigns often exhibit punctuated   equilibria, where developers might be surprised by large spikes in bugs   found. Our findings have implications on future fuzzing research and   practice.",10.1109/MSR52588.2021.00026
1411,InProceedings,An Exploratory Study of Project Activity Changepoints in Open Source   Software Evolution,"To explore the prevalence of abrupt changes (changepoints) in open   source project activity, we assembled a dataset of 8,919 projects from   the World of Code. Projects were selected based on age, number of   commits, and number of authors. Using the nonparametric PELT algorithm,   we identified changepoints in project activity time series, finding that   more than 90\\% of projects had between one and six changepoints.   Increases and decreases in project activity occurred with roughly equal   frequency. While most changes are relatively small, on the order of a   few authors or few dozen commits per month, there were long tails of   much larger project activity changes. In future work, we plan to focus   on larger changes to search for common open source lifecycle patterns as   well as common responses to external events.",10.1109/MSR52588.2021.00088
1412,InProceedings,Analyzing and Detecting Emerging Quality-Related Concerns across OSS   Defect Report Summaries,"Quality-related concerns are often coined with the terms non-functional   requirements, architecturally significant requirements, and quality   attributes. Collectively, these qualities affect non-behavioral concerns   of the software system such as reliability, usability, security, or   maintainability among others. As a byproduct of a long-term maintenance   effort, these system qualities tend to erode over time, causing   system-wide failures that emerge via quality-related bugs.   Quality-related bugs can have a detrimental impact on system's sustained   stability and can chiefly hinder its core functionality. Typically, for   the developers, to manually examine these high-impacted quality-related   bugs can become prohibitively expensive and impractical task to attain.   This is often a case with bugs that are reported from medium or   large-sized projects such as Eclipse. To alleviate this problem, we   built a quality-based classifier to automatically detect these emerging   quality-related concerns from textual descriptions of bug report   summaries. Specifically, we leveraged a weighted combination of   semantics, lexical, and shallow features in conjunction with the Random   Forest ensemble learning method. Finally, we discuss the practical   applicability of our classifier for mapping and visualizing   quality-related concerns into the codebase with an example from the   Derby project. To summarize, this work represents an effort and an early   awareness to improve the underlying management of issue tracking systems   and stakeholder requirements in open-source communities.",10.1109/SANER50967.2021.00011
1414,InProceedings,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) Capabilities, Trust and Open Source   Software Team Performance","In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a key element   in digital platforms for improving performance. Despite vast body of   knowledge it is yet unclear on how AI can be successfully integrated   into platforms and what are the key mechanisms that drive the   performance in digital platforms such as open source. To investigate   this phenomena a survey has been conducted to understand how AI   capabilities (i.e., capabilities associated with AI resources/usage) on   Open Source Software (OSS) team performance. The analysis highlights the   role of trust in driving OSS team performance and suggests that   designers need to pay more attention to cognition when dealing with AI   technologies and opportunities.",10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8\\_52
1415,InProceedings,Assessing the Health of the Dark Web: An Analysis of Dark Web Open   Source Software Projects,"A hidden part of the World Wide Web is known as the Dark Web, featuring   websites that cannot be indexed by traditional search engines. Many open   source software products are used to access and navigate through the   Dark Web. Together they form the Dark Web open source software   ecosystem. Research on this ecosystem is scarce and research on the   ecosystem health is non-existent, even though ecosystem health is an   useful indicator of the livelihood of an ecosystem. The goal of this   research is to evaluate the health of the ecosystem through an   assessment of Tor, I2P and GitHub. The Open Source Ecosystem Health   Operationalization framework is used to help perform this assessment.   Eight metrics from the framework are selected, which are measured using   the data collected. Analysis of Tor and I2P metrics suggest that there   has been an increase in Tor and I2P user activity in the recent past.   Added knowledge, spin offs and forks and usage indicate active   participation and interest in Tor and I2P. There has also been an   increase in the number of active GitHub Dark Web projects. However,   these GitHub projects are not well-connected and only a small number of   projects have a large number of contributors. There is some variety   among the GitHub software projects. The framework proves to be   adequately capable of determining the health of the Dark Web open source   ecosystem with the available data.",10.1007/978-3-030-88583-0\\_12
1416,Article,Better together: Extending JMP® with open-source software,"JMP is commercial software designed for interactive data analysis and   exploration. JMP's high-level, visual interface makes it an outstanding   tool for teaching best practices, methods and model building techniques.   JMP is also designed for extensibility, with features that allow the   embedding of and deployment to open-source packages and environments. In   this paper, we will explore use cases that illustrate how JMP users can   take advantage of the broad support and rapid pace of change of   open-source software while still benefiting from JMP's streamlined   interface and robust capabilities.",10.1002/sta4.336
1417,InProceedings,Building the Collaboration Graph of Open-Source Software Ecosystem,"The Open-Source Software community has become the center of attention   for many researchers, who are investigating various aspects of   collaboration in this extremely large ecosystem. Due to its size, it is   difficult to grasp whether or not it has structure, and if so, what it   may be. Our hackathon project aims to facilitate the understanding of   the developer collaboration structure and relationships among projects   based on the bi-graph of what projects developers contribute to by   providing an interactive collaboration graph of this ecosystem, using   the data obtained from World of Code {[}1] infrastructure. Our attempts   to visualize the entirety of projects and developers were stymied by the   inability of the layout and visualization tools to process the   exceedingly large scale of the full graph. We used WoC to filter the   nodes (developers and projects) and edges (developer contributions to a   project) to reduce the scale of the graph that made it amenable to an   interactive visualization and published the resulting visualizations. We   plan to apply hierarchical approaches to be able to incorporate the   entire data in the interactive visualizations and also to evaluate the   utility of such visualizations for several tasks.",10.1109/MSR52588.2021.00086
1418,Article,CRIMSON: An open-source software framework for cardiovascular integrated   modelling and simulation,"In this work, we describe the CRIMSON (CardiovasculaR Integrated   Modelling and SimulatiON) software environment. CRIMSON provides a   powerful, customizable and user-friendly system for performing   three-dimensional and reduced-order computational haemodynamics studies   via a pipeline which involves: 1) segmenting vascular structures from   medical images; 2) constructing analytic arterial and venous geometric   models; 3) performing finite element mesh generation; 4) designing, and   5) applying boundary conditions; 6) running incompressible Navier-Stokes   simulations of blood flow with fluid-structure interaction capabilities;   and 7) post-processing and visualizing the results, including velocity,   pressure and wall shear stress fields. A key aim of CRIMSON is to create   a software environment that makes powerful computational haemodynamics   tools accessible to a wide audience, including clinicians and students,   both within our research laboratories and throughout the community. The   overall philosophy is to leverage best-in-class open source standards   for medical image processing, parallel flow computation, geometric solid   modelling, data assimilation, and mesh generation. It is actively used   by researchers in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia.   It has been applied to numerous clinical problems; we illustrate   applications of CRIMSON to real-world problems using examples ranging   from pre-operative surgical planning to medical device design   optimization.   Author summary We provide the first full presentation in the literature   of CRIMSON, the Cardiovascular Integrated Modelling and Simulation   Package. CRIMSON consists of a graphical user interface desktop computer   program for creating geometric models of blood vessels from medical   imaging scans, specifying parameters such as the stiffness of the artery   walls, the resistance of connected vessels which are not visible on the   scans, and determining the appropriate parameters for all aspects of the   model. CRIMSON additionally consists of the Flowsolver, a   high-performance computing package which simulates the flow of blood   through the models created in the graphical user interface. Whilst   several packages which can simulate blood flow exist, most target   general fluid simulations, and this lack of specialisation means that   blood flow simulation is harder to perform, and can require ad hoc (and   potentially scientifically-limiting) workflow decisions. CRIMSON's   specialisation deals with these problems, as well as presenting a number   of unique features which are unavailable elsewhere.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008881
1419,Article,CTRAMER: An open-source software package for correlating interfacial   charge transfer rate constants with donor/acceptor geometries in organic   photovoltaic materials,"In this paper, we present CTRAMER (Charge-Transfer RAtes from Molecular   dynamics, Electronic structure, and Rate theory)-an open-source software   package for calculating interfacial charge-transfer (CT) rate constants   in organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials based on ab initio calculations   and molecular dynamics simulations. The software is based on identifying   representative donor/acceptor geometries within interfacial structures   obtained from molecular dynamics simulation of donor/acceptor blends and   calculating the corresponding Fermi's golden rule CT rate constants   within the framework of the linearized-semiclassical approximation.   While the methods used are well established, the integration of these   state-of-the-art tools originating from different disciplines to study   photoinduced CT processes with explicit treatment of the environment, in   our opinion, makes this package unique and innovative. The software also   provides tools for investigating other observables of interest. After   outlining the features and implementation details, the usage and   performance of the software are demonstrated with results from an   example OPV system.",10.1063/5.0050574
1420,Article,Can the OSS-Focused Education Impact on OSS Implementations in   Companies? A Motivational Answer through a Delphi-Based Consensus Study,"In the last few decades, the Open Source Software (OSS) diffusion has   grown remarkably in companies. In this context, the present study has   analyzed the factors that incentivize OSS implementations for enterprise   purposes, linking two perspectives: (1) managerial and (2) educational.   Thus, the Delphi methodology was applied to a panel of experts with two   aims: (1) to know managers' perceptions about organizational users'   motivations toward OSS after receiving OSS training and (2) to develop a   forecasting study to examine the OSS diffusion in the medium term in   companies and educational centers. In this context, the   Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was the theoretical approach through   which we identified the motivational factors. Specifically, three SDT   motivations were added: (1) autonomy, (2) competence and (3)   relatedness. The 104 selected experts were managers from companies with   employees who have studied in educational centers where OSS usage is   mandatory. The results show that managers perceive that OSS training   incentivizes OSS implementations in companies. At the same time, user   motivations are considered to be extremely relevant, especially   autonomy. In addition, is the results foresee a similar level of OSS   implementation in the business and educational fields in the medium   term. Finally, conclusions, practical implications and limitations are   discussed.",10.3390/electronics10030277
1421,Article,"CiliaQ: a simple, open-source software for automated quantification of   ciliary morphology and fluorescence in 2D, 3D, and 4D images","Cilia are hair-like membrane protrusions that emanate from the surface   of most vertebrate cells and are classified into motile and primary   cilia. Motile cilia move fluid flow or propel cells, while also fulfill   sensory functions. Primary cilia are immotile and act as a cellular   antenna, translating environmental cues into cellular responses. Ciliary   dysfunction leads to severe diseases, commonly termed ciliopathies. The   molecular details underlying ciliopathies and ciliary function are,   however, not well understood. Since cilia are small subcellular   compartments, imaging-based approaches have been used to study them.   However, tools to comprehensively analyze images are lacking. Automatic   analysis approaches require commercial software and are limited to 2D   analysis and only a few parameters. The widely used manual analysis   approaches are time consuming, user-biased, and difficult to compare.   Here, we present CiliaQ, a package of open-source, freely available, and   easy-to-use ImageJ plugins. CiliaQ allows high-throughput analysis of 2D   and 3D, static or time-lapse images from fluorescence microscopy of   cilia in cell culture or tissues, and outputs a comprehensive list of   parameters for ciliary morphology, length, bending, orientation, and   fluorescence intensity, making it broadly applicable. We envision CiliaQ   as a resource and platform for reproducible and comprehensive analysis   of ciliary function in health and disease.",10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00031-y
1422,Article,Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical   Neuroscience Studies,"We present Clinica ((www.clinica.run), an open-source software platform   designed to make clinical neuroscience studies easier and more   reproducible. Clinica aims for researchers to (i) spend less time on   data management and processing, (ii) perform reproducible evaluations of   their methods, and (iii) easily share data and results within their   institution and with external collaborators. The core of Clinica is a   set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal   neuroimaging data (currently, T1-weighted MRI, diffusion MRI, and PET   data), as well as tools for statistics, machine learning, and deep   learning. It relies on the brain imaging data structure (BIDS) for the   organization of raw neuroimaging datasets and on established tools   written by the community to build its pipelines. It also provides   converters of public neuroimaging datasets to BIDS (currently ADNI,   AIBL, OASIS, and NIFD). Processed data include image-valued scalar   fields (e.g., tissue probability maps), meshes, surface-based scalar   fields (e.g., cortical thickness maps), or scalar outputs (e.g.,   regional averages). These data follow the ClinicA Processed Structure   (CAPS) format which shares the same philosophy as BIDS. Consistent   organization of raw and processed neuroimaging files facilitates the   execution of single pipelines and of sequences of pipelines, as well as   the integration of processed data into statistics or machine learning   frameworks. The target audience of Clinica is neuroscientists or   clinicians conducting clinical neuroscience studies involving multimodal   imaging, and researchers developing advanced machine learning algorithms   applied to neuroimaging data.",10.3389/fninf.2021.689675
1423,Article,Clinical efficacy of mineralized collagen (MC) versus anorganic bovine   bone (Bio-Oss) for immediate implant placement in esthetic area: a   single-center retrospective study,"Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the   clinical efficacy of mineralized collagen (MC) versus anorganic bovine   bone (Bio-Oss) for immediate implant placement in esthetic area. Methods   Medical records of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of   Shandong Provincial Hospital were screened for patients who had been   treated with immediate implant implantation in the esthetic area using   either MC (Allgens (R), Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology   Co., Ltd., China) or Bio-Oss (Bio-Oss (R), Geistlich Biomaterials,   Wolhusen, Switzerland), between January 2018 and December 2019. All   patients fulfilling the in-/exclusion criteria and following followed   for a minimum period of 1 year after surgery were enrolled into the   presented study. Implant survival rate, radiographic, esthetic and   patient satisfactory evaluations were performed. Results Altogether, 70   patients were included in the study; a total of 80 implants were   inserted. All implants had good initial stability. The survival rate of   implants was 100\\% at 1-year follow-up. The differences in horizontal   and vertical bone loss between the MC group (0.72 +/- 0.26 mm, 1.62 +/-   0.84 mm) and the Bio-Oss group (0.70 +/- 0.52 mm, 1.57 +/- 0.88 mm) were   no significant difference statistically no significant 6 months after   permanent restoration. Similar results occurred at 12 months after   permanent restoration functional loaded. Clinical acceptability defined   by pink esthetic score (PES) >= 6 (6.07 +/- 1.62 vs. 6.13 +/- 1.41) was   not significantly different between groups. Patient satisfaction   estimated by visual analog scale (VAS) was similar (8.56 +/- 1.12 vs.   8.27 +/- 1.44), and the difference was no significant difference between   the two groups. Conclusions The biomimetic MC showed a similar behaviour   as Bio-Oss not only in its dimensional tissues changes but also in   clinical acceptability and patient satisfaction. Within the limitations   of this study, these cases show that MC could be considered as an   alternative bone graft in IIP",10.1186/s12903-021-01752-4
1424,Article,Code of Conduct Conversations in Open Source Software Projects on Github,"The rapid growth of open source software necessitates a deeper understanding of moderation and governance methods currently used within these projects. The code of conduct, a set of rules articulating standard behavior and responsibilities for participation within a community, is becoming an increasingly common policy document in open source software projects for setting project norms of behavior and discouraging negative or harassing comments and conversation. This study describes the conversations around adopting and crafting a code of conduct as well as those utilizing code of conduct for community governance. We conduct a qualitative analysis of a random sample of GitHub issues that involve the code of conduct. We find that codes of conduct are used both proactively and reactively to govern community behavior in project issues. Oftentimes, the initial addition of a code of conduct does not involve much community participation and input. However, a controversial moderation act is capable of inciting mass community feedback and backlash. Project maintainers balance the tension between disciplining potentially offensive forms of speech and encouraging broad and inclusive participation. These results have implications for the design of inclusive and effective governance practices for open source software communities.",10.1145/3449093
1425,Article,"Combining Multiband Imaging, Photogrammetric Techniques, and FOSS GIS   for Affordable Degradation Mapping of Stone Monuments","The detailed documentation of degradation constitutes a fundamental step   for weathering diagnosis and, consequently, for successful planning and   implementation of conservation measures for stone heritage. Mapping the   surface patterns of stone is a non-destructive procedure critical for   the qualitative and quantitative rating of the preservation state.   Furthermore, mapping is employed for the annotation of weathering   categories and the calculation of damage indexes. However, it is often a   time-consuming task, which is conducted manually. Thus, practical   methods need to be developed to automatize degradation mapping without   significantly increasing the diagnostic process's cost for conservation   specialists. This work aims to develop and evaluate a methodology based   on affordable close-range sensing techniques, image processing, and free   and open source software for the spatial description, annotation,   qualitative analysis, and rating of stone weathering-induced damage.   Low-cost cameras were used to record images in the visible,   near-infrared, and thermal-infrared spectra. The application of   photogrammetric techniques allowed for the generation of the necessary   background, that was elaborated to extract thematic information. Digital   image processing of the spatially and radiometrically corrected images   and image mosaics enabled the straightforward transition to a spatial   information environment simplifying the development of degradation maps.   The digital thematic maps facilitated the rating of stone damage and the   extraction of useful statistical data.",10.3390/buildings11070304
1427,InProceedings,Combining multiple shaded reliefs with hypsometric colouring and digital   orthophotos using free and open-source software,"In this paper we combined layers created from several terrain rendering   techniques, namely a shaded relief rendered in the free and open-source   3D computer graphics software Blender, a hillshade created in the free   and opensource Geographic Information System (GIS) software QGIS, a   hypsometric coloured Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a draped digital   orthophoto. Following a recent trend in the cartographic community   towards using Blender, we tried to improve the standard relief   visualization in common GIS software by blending it with a shaded relief   rendered in Blender. Using different QGIS blending modes and opacity   values we achieved different graphic visualizations. To compare and   evaluate the suitability of different rendering techniques we chose   national park Risnjak located in Croatia because of its specific and   diverse terrain landforms. After comparing different input layers and   parameter sets, we selected the blending combination which is best   suited for visualizing terrain characteristics of all Croatian national   parks. The result is a shaded relief created for every national park   which is combined from a shaded relief rendered in Blender, a hillshade   created in QGIS, a hypsometric coloured DEM and a draped digital   orthophoto.",10.5194/ica-proc-4-111-2021
1428,Article,Companies' Participation in OSS Development-An Empirical Study of   OpenStack,"Commercial participation continues to grow in open source software (OSS)   projects and novel arrangements appear to emerge in company-dominated   projects and ecosystems. What is the nature of these novel arrangements?   Does volunteers' participation remain critical for these ecosystems?   Despite extensive research on commercial participation in OSS, the exact   nature and extent of company contributions to OSS development, and the   impact of this engagement may have on the volunteer community have not   been clarified. To bridge the gap, we perform an exploratory study of   OpenStack: a large OSS ecosystem with intense commercial participation.   We quantify companies' contributions via the developers that they   provide and the commits made by those developers. We find that companies   made far more contributions than volunteers and the distribution of the   contributions made by different companies is also highly unbalanced. We   observe eight unique contribution models based on companies' commercial   objectives and characterize each model according to three dimensions:   contribution intensity, extent, and focus. Companies providing full   cloud solutions tend to make both intensive (more than other companies)   and extensive (involving a wider variety of projects) contributions.   Usage-oriented companies make extensive but less intense contributions.   Companies driven by particular business needs focus their contributions   on the specific projects addressing these needs. Minor contributors   include community players (e.g., the Linux Foundation) and research   groups. A model relating the number of volunteers to the diversity of   contribution shows a strong positive association between them.",10.1109/TSE.2019.2946156
1430,Article,Comparison of the performances of low-crystalline carbonate apatite and   Bio-Oss in sinus augmentation using three-dimensional image analysis,"Background In locations where the alveolar bone height is low, such as   at the maxillary molars, implant placement can be difficult, or even   impossible, without procedures aimed at generating new bone, such as   sinus lifts. Various types of bone graft materials are used after a   sinus lift. In our study, a three-dimensional image analysis using a   volume analyzer was performed to measure and compare the volume of   demineralized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss (R)) and carbonate apatite   (Cytrans (R)) after a sinus lift, as well as the amount of bone graft   material resorption. Patient data were collected from cone-beam computed   tomography images taken before, immediately following, and 6 months   after the sinus lift. Using these images, both the volume and amount of   resorption of each bone graft material were measured using a   three-dimensional image analysis system. Results The amount of bone   resorption in the Bio-Oss (R)-treated group was 25.2\\%, whereas that of   the Cytrans (R)-treated group was 14.2\\%. A significant difference was   found between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings   indicate that the volume of bone resorption was smaller in the Cytrans   (R)-treated group than in the Bio-Oss (R)-treated group, suggesting that   Cytrans (R) is more promising for successful implant treatments   requiring a sinus lift.",10.1186/s40729-021-00303-4
1431,Article,Competition Among Proprietary and Open-Source Software Firms: The Role   of Licensing in Strategic Contribution,"In enterprise software markets, firms are increasingly using   services-based business models built on open-source software (OSS) to   compete with established, proprietary software firms. Because   third-party firms can also strategically contribute to OSS and compete   in the services market, the nature of competition between OSS   constituents and proprietary software firms can be complex. Moreover,   their incentives are likely influenced by the licensing schemes that   govern OSS. We study a three-player game and examine how open-source   licensing affects competition among an open-source originator, an   open-source contributor, and a proprietor competing in an enterprise   software market. In this regard, we examine (1) how quality investments   and prices are endogenously determined in equilibrium, (2) how license   restrictiveness impacts equilibrium investments and the quality of   offerings, and (3) how license restrictiveness affects consumer surplus   and social welfare. Although some in the open-source community often   advocate restrictive licenses such as theGNUGeneral Public License   because it is not always in the best interest of the originator for the   contributor to invest greater development effort, such licensing can   actually be detrimental to both consumer surplus and social welfare when   it exacerbates this incentive conflict. We find such an outcome in   markets characterized by software providers with similar development   capabilities yet cast in favor of the proprietor. In contrast, when   these capabilities either become more dispersed or remain similar but   tilt in favor of open source, a more restrictive license instead   encourages greater effort from the OSS contributor, leads to higher OSS   quality, and provides a larger societal benefit.",10.1287/mnsc.2020.3674
1433,Article,DBscorer: An Open-Source Software for Automated Accurate Analysis of   Rodent Behavior in Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test,"Forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) are commonly used   behavioral tests for screening antidepressant drugs with a high   predictive validity. These tests have also proved useful to assess the   non-motor symptoms in the animal models of movement disorders such as   Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Manual analysis of FST and   TST is a time-consuming exercise and has large observer-to-observer   variability. Automation of behavioral analysis alleviates these   concerns, but there are no easy-to-use open-source tools for such   analysis. Here, we describe the development of Depression Behavior   Scorer (DBscorer), an open-source program installable on Windows, with   an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI), that helps in accurate   quantification of immobility behavior in FST and TST from video   analysis. Several calibration options allow customization of various   parameters to suit the experimental requirements. Apart from the readout   of time spent immobile, DBscorer also provides additional data and   graphics of immobility/mobility states across time revealing the   evolution of behavioral despair over the duration of the test and allows   the analysis of additional parameters. Such comprehensive analysis   allows a more nuanced understanding of the expression of behavioral   despair in FST and TST. We believe that DBscorer would make analysis of   behavior in FST and TST unbiased, automated and rapid, and hence prove   to be helpful to the wider neuroscience community.",10.1523/ENEURO.0305-21.2021
1434,Article,DeepMIB: User-friendly and open-source software for training of deep   learning network for biological image segmentation,"We present DeepMIB, a new software package that is capable of training   convolutional neural networks for segmentation of multidimensional   microscopy datasets on any workstation. We demonstrate its successful   application for segmentation of 2D and 3D electron and multicolor light   microscopy datasets with isotropic and anisotropic voxels. We distribute   DeepMIB as both an open-source multi-platform Matlab code and as   compiled standalone application for Windows, MacOS and Linux. It comes   in a single package that is simple to install and use as it does not   require knowledge of programming. DeepMIB is suitable for everyone   interested of bringing a power of deep learning into own image   segmentation workflows.   Author summary   Deep learning approaches are highly sought after solutions for coping   with large amounts of collected datasets and are expected to become an   essential part of imaging workflows. However, in most cases, deep   learning is still considered as a complex task that only image analysis   experts can master. With DeepMIB we address this problem and provide the   community with a user-friendly and open-source tool to train   convolutional neural networks and apply them to segment 2D and 3D   grayscale or multi-color datasets.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008374
1436,Article,Development of a Simple Analog-to-digital Converter Using Free-software,"We have developed a simple analog-to-digital converter (ADC) by using   free software such as computer-aided design (CAD) software for an   electronic circuit, a filter circuit simulator, an integrated-developing   environment (IDE) for programming a controller, and that for a PC to   acquire and display the data. The ADC can record a temporal signal   produced by chromatography and flow-injection analysis. It has two   voltage measurement ranges: +/- 2.048 V and +/- 1.024 V, respectively,   with 14-bit resolution and a four samples s(-1) sampling rate. The   voltage resolution is 0.25 mV and 0.125 mV per one ADC reading for +/-   2.048 V and +/- 1.024 V, respectively. Its dimensions were 100x70x30 mm,   and mass was 110 g. We have evaluated its performance, including the   linearity and the difference between the two devices. For +/- 1.024 V   range, the calibration curve for one ADC and another was D = 7954V 5 and   D = 7946V + 30, respectively, where D is an ADC reading, and V is an   input voltage. For another range, it was D = 3972V - 3 and D = 3968V +   15, respectively. Their slopes and intercept agreed with each other, and   had good linearity, R-2 > 0.9999. We have then successfully applied it   to the sequential injection analysis (SIA) of chromium(VI) using   diphenylcarbazide as a coloring reagent. The circuit diagram and   programs developed in this paper are available on our website.",NA
1438,Article,"Development of web enabled water resource information system using open   source software for Patiala and SAS Nagar districts of Punjab, India","Over the globe, efforts are being made to collect data and develop an   adequate water resource information system for optimising its use. India   is the largest consumer of water, with an estimated usage of around 300   cubic kilometers per year. Punjab, a north-western state of India, is an   example of severe crises aquifer depletion due to unconstrained   consumption of groundwater, leading to degradation of its quantity as   well as quality. Thus it is of great importance to compile up-to-date   information about the water requirement for its appropriate and   sustainable use. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)   are the technologies that can provide efficient and effective   information system to tackle the water quality \\& water supply planning   parameters. Thus, under the present study, a web-enabled water resource   information system has been developed in the GIS environment for the SAS   (Sahibzada Ajit Singh) Nagar and Patiala districts of Punjab by using   the open source software MS4W and pmapper. This system provides digital   information of natural, such as drainage, and man-made features like   roads, canals, and tube wells with their location and so on, and also   provide information related to water level, water quality of wells, and   well depth for the study area. Such an information system can be very   helpful for the administrators and can serve as a decision support   system for planners and policy makers so that the areas where problems   related to water quality can be identified and focused upon. The system   can provide an effective and meaningful direction for the planning and   development of both districts.",10.2166/wpt.2021.050
1440,Article,Differential impacts of social influence on initial and sustained   participation in open source software projects,"Social networking tools and visible information about developer   activities on open source software (OSS) development platforms can   leverage developers' social influence to attract more participation from   their peers. However, the differential impacts of such social influence   on developers' initial and sustained participation behaviors were   largely overlooked in previous research. We empirically studied the   impacts of two social influence mechanisms-word-of-mouth (WOM) and   observational learning (OL)-on these two types of participation, using   data collected from a large OSS development platform called Open Hub. We   found that action (OL) speaks louder than words (WOM) with regard to   sustained participation. Moreover, project age positively moderates the   impacts of social influence on both types of participation. For projects   with a higher average workload, the impacts of OL are reduced on initial   participation but are increased on sustained participation. Our study   provides a better understanding of how social influence affects OSS   developers' participation behaviors. It also offers important practical   implications for designing software development platforms that can   leverage social influence to attract more initial and sustained   participation.",10.1002/asi.24481
1442,Article,Discovery of an early medieval pond at Riviere-les-Fosses in   Haute-Marne: man in his environment from the 5th to the 7th century,"A preventive excavation carried out in 2017 on a wetland at the ``Vau du   Guet{''}in Riviere-les-Fosses in Haute-Marne was the opportunity to   collect, thanks to the study of preserved ecofacts (pollen, macroremains   and wood), unpublished data on the landscape of a valley between the 5th   and the 7th century , AD. The impact of man on his environment has been   observed with the transition, during the High Middle Ages, from a wooded   environment to a more open space. Archaeological data acquired around   the pond allow these changes to be attributed to clearings linked to the   establishment of a habitat nearby.",10.4000/archeosciences.10562
1443,Article,Don't Disturb Me: Challenges of Interacting with Software Bots on Open Source Software Projects,"Software bots are used to streamline tasks in Open Source Software (OSS) projects' pull requests, saving development cost, time, and effort. However, their presence can be disruptive to the community. We identified several challenges caused by bots in pull request interactions by interviewing 21 practitioners, including project maintainers, contributors, and bot developers. In particular, our findings indicate noise as a recurrent and central problem. Noise affects both human communication and development workflow by overwhelming and distracting developers. Our main contribution is a theory of how human developers perceive annoying bot behaviors as noise on social coding platforms. This contribution may help practitioners understand the effects of adopting a bot, and researchers and tool designers may leverage our results to better support human-bot interaction on social coding platforms.",10.1145/3476042
1444,Article,Dual Channel Among Task and Contribution on OSS Communities: An   Empirical Study,"Open Source Software (OSS) community has attracted a large number of   distributed developers to work together, e.g. reporting and discussing   issues as well as submitting and reviewing code. OSS developers create   links among development units (e.g. issues and pull requests in GitHub),   share their opinions and promote the resolution of development units.   Although previous work has examined the role of links in recommending   high-priority tasks and reducing resource waste, the understanding of   the actual usage of links in practice is still limited. To address the   research gap, we conduct an empirical study based on the 5W1H model and   data mining from five popular OSS projects on GitHub. We find that links   originating from a PR are more common than the other three types of   links, and links are more frequently created in Documentation. We also   find that average duration between development units' create time in a   link is half a year. We observed that link behaviors are very complex   and the duration of link increases with the complexity of link   structure. We also observe that the reasons of link are very different,   especially in P-P and I-I. Finally, future works are discussed in   conclusion.",10.1142/S0218194021500388
1445,Article,Environmental Desire in: <i>The Mill on the Floss</i>,"This essay argues that George Eliot's expansive use of landscape   description in The Mill on the Floss (1860) represents an engagement   with the emerging concept of a biological ``medium{''} or   ``environment{''} in the nineteenth-century sciences. In the 1850s,   scientific writers including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, and G. H.   Lewes redefined biological life as dependent on an abstraction called a   ``medium{''} or ``environment{''}- a term that united all the objects,   substances, and forces in an organism's physical surroundings into a   singular entity. Eliot in The Mill on the Floss draws out the ecological   potential of this new biological concept by imbuing the described   backgrounds of her novel with a lyrical affect I call ``environmental   desire,{''} a diffuse longing for ambient contact with one's formative   medium that offers an ethical alternative to the possessive and   object-driven forms of desire that drive the plot of a traditional   Bildungsroman. Maggie Tulliver's marriage plot is structured by a   tension between environmental desire and possessive desire, in which her   erotic desire for Stephen Guest competes with a more diffuse   environmental desire that attaches to the novel's described backgrounds.   Ultimately, the new environment concept enables Eliot to reconceive the   Bildungsroman's usual opposition between self and world as a   relationship of nourishment and dependency rather than struggle, and   invites a reconsideration of the ecological role of description in the   Bildungsroman genre.",10.1525/ncl.2021.76.2.192
1446,Article,Episodic Peripheral Contributors and Technical Dependencies in Open   Source Software (OSS) Ecosystems,"Despite the fact that OSS contributors tend to eschew traditional   organizational hierarchies, researchers have found that, in many cases,   OSS contributors make tightly coupled system designs and successfully   coordinate highly interdependent tasks. Although researchers have   explained how OSS contributors make tightly coupled code contributions,   we do not know the characteristics of individuals who make such   contributions. While previous studies have considered OSS projects as   single, independent containers, I note that OSS projects do not   constitute independent or standalone entities but reuse and, thus,   depend one another. This reuse creates complex networks of   interdependencies called ``software ecosystems{''}. In this paper, I   analyze OSS contributors who have made tightly coupled code   contributions using two lenses: the core-periphery lens and the   habitual-episodic lens. Based on investigating three volunteer-driven   OSS projects, I found OSS contributors who make tightly coupled code   contributions to have different code-contribution patterns.   Interestingly, I found that half of such contributors made no previous   code contributions to the sampled projects but episodically authored   patches (or pull requests) that increased software coupling. Based on   further investigation, I suggest a multiple-fluid-container view that   accommodates software ecosystems in which multiple containers (multiple   OSS projects) co-evolve with each container (each OSS project) readily   accessible.",10.17705/1CAIS.04908
1450,InProceedings,Estimating the Attack Surface from Residual Vulnerabilities in Open   Source Software Supply Chain,"Software supply chain security has now become a critical concern in the   software industry (and beyond) following the large impact of recent   attacks: hackers injected malicious code into Solarwinds components and   Octopus scanner, which eventually infected a wide range of downstream   dependencies, affecting a massive number of users. Since supply chain   vulnerabilities are a well-known concern, especially with open source   systems, approaches in the literature mainly focus on identifying and   patching such vulnerability. Frequently, however, a vulnerability patch   is not immediately propagated to earlier releases that have been   inherited by dependents, leaving residual vulnerabilities in supply   chains. Our work addresses this challenge and develops a simple approach   to iteratively explore the attack surface of supply chain residual   vulnerabilities in open source projects. We have assessed our search   scheme on 50 GitHub-hosted projects having high stars and forks: we mine   their bug fix commits and identify buggy package versions to track the   affected dependents and estimate the potential attack surface. We find   that many projects fix their vulnerable issues by update their   dependency versions, and version inheritance is a significant cause of   supply chain attacks for open source projects.",10.1109/QRS54544.2021.00060
1451,Article,Evaluation of optimum PV tilt angle with generated and predicted solar   electric data using geospatial open source software in cloud environment,"In this article, a novel approach to find out optimum tilt angle using   generated and predicted solar data is presented. Here the generated   electricity outputs data of the photovoltaics (PVs), installed on the   building rooftops at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee,   India, have been obtained from the Institute for the past four years   (2015-18). Simultaneously, the solar PV output data have been predicted   using open source software application, geographic information system   (GIS), Perl, global horizontal irradiance (GHI), remote sensing, and   cloud computing. The satellite-derived GHI has been obtained from the   database developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),   United States, and local GHI using a pyranometer to validate the   results. In the presented work, tilted GHI has been estimated using   modified tilt angle algorithm implemented using Perl in a cloud   environment. Further, the usable rooftop area has been digitized on   high-resolution WorldView-3 image and calculated using QGIS. In this   study, the validation of an optimum tilt angle has been performed by the   comparison of the output from the installed solar plant to the predicted   solar potential. The processing of optimum tilt angle obtained (19.86   degrees) at IIT Roorkee has been performed using XenCenter server. This   helped in processing the computation-intensive tilted GHI at various   tilt angles. This approach also helped in providing further expansion   plan. The R-2 value between the predicted solar potential and actual   generation for this study is 0.82.",10.1007/s12046-021-01621-4
1452,Article,Evolution of Influential Developer?s Communities in OSS and its Impact   on Quality,"The high turnover of developers in the Open-Source Software (OSS)   systems is due to the lack of restriction on a developer?s involvement   and contributions. The primary developers start and administer an OSS   project. However, they do not manage those who contribute. The   literature shows that 80\\% of issues are resolved by 20\\% of developers   when developing an OSS. Therefore, identifying influential developer   communities is quite necessary for OSS stakeholders to reduce the   efforts required to solve the issue through releases and predict   quality. The purpose of this proposed empirical study is to explore   influential communities by analyzing the relationship between their   members as an OSS evolves and its impact on software quality. We   performed several experiments with releases of three widely used OSS,   namely ?BIGDL,? ?INCUBATOR-MXNET? and ?RECOMMENDERS.? The major   implications of the proposed study include; 1) The community development   structure is not centralized and controlled, 2) Influential communities   were observed in early releases of an OSS, 3) There is no guarantee of   an influential community in the consecutive releases, 4) Notable   developers are varied through the releases, and 5) The presence of   influential communities in subsequent releases could lead to the   maturity of an OSS.",10.32604/iasc.2021.015034
1453,InProceedings,Exploring Development-related Factors Affecting the Popularity of Open   Source Software Projects,"Open source software development (OSSD) projects is a collaborative   process among developers and volunteers with common interests. OSSD is   increasingly becoming a trend and many successful OSSD projects have   contributed software packages which have been widely adopted.   Unfortunately, there is Pareto principle in OSSD projects, and a large   number of OSSD projects have little influence, many projects a re unable   to attract user interest. Therefore, it is important to understand the   factors affecting OSSD project success as measured by project   popularity. While technical factors such as license and compatibility   with certain operating systems have a direct influence on the popularity   of OSSD projects, development-related factors also have latent impacts   on the popularity of OSSD projects. Therefore, we collect data on 445   projects and successfully build a structural equation model (SEM) which   depicts the inherent relationships between development-related factors   and OSSD project popularity. The steps to build the SEM and the   implications of this model are discussed in detail in this paper.",10.1109/CSCWD49262.2021.9437661
1455,Article,Exploring the communication functions of comments during bug fixing in   Open Source Software projects,"Context: Bug fixing is a frequent and important task in Open Source   Software (OSS) development and involves the communication of messages,   which can serve for multiple purposes and affect the efficiency and   effectiveness of corrective software activities.   Objective: This work is aimed at studying the communication functions of   bug comments and their associations with fast and complete bug fixing in   OSS development.   Method: Over 500K comments and 89K bugs of 100 OSS projects were   extracted from three Issue Tracking Systems. Six thousand comments were   manually tagged to create a corpus of communication functions. The   extracted comments were automatically tagged using machine learning   algorithms and the corpus of communication functions. Statistical and   correlation analyses were performed and the most frequent comments   communicated during fast and successful bug fixing were identified.   Results: Significant differences in the distribution of comments of   fixed and not fixed bugs were found. Variations in the distribution of   comments of bugs with different fixing time were also found. Referential   comments that provided objective information were found to be the most   frequent messages. Results showed that the percentages of conative and   emotive comments are greater when bugs are resolved without the   requested fixes and when fixes are implemented in a long time.   Conclusion: Associations between communication functions and bug fixing   exist. The results of this work could be used to improve corrective   tasks in OSS development and some other specific linguistic aspects   should be studied in detail in OSS communities.",10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106584
1457,Article,Exploring the link between free and open source software and the   collaborative economy: A Delphi-based scenario for the year 2025,"Despite the growth experienced by the Collaborative Economy in recent   years, there are still unexplored gaps within this phenomenon. One of   the areas of study with scarce literature is linked with the impact of   the In-formation and Communication Technologies based on collaborative   environments, such as Free and Open Source Software, on the spread of   the Collaborative Economy. Some questions are raised, such as: (1) To   what extent do organizations linked with Collaborative Economy make use   of Free and Open Source Software?, (2) What are the incentives that   motivate the implementation of Free and Open Source Software in   Collaborative Economy companies?, (3) What use do Collaborative Economy   companies give to Free and Open Source Software?, and (4) Is there a   greater use of Free and Open Source Software expected for the coming   years among these organiza-tions? To answer these questions, a study   based on the Delphi method has been designed. To this end, a panel of 15   high-level experts in the field was formed. From the consensus of the   experts, a significant role for Free and Open Source Software in the   different collaborative components and industries is evident, with the   current levels practically being maintained by the year 2025.",10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121087
1460,InProceedings,Extracting Rationale for Open Source Software Development Decisions - A   Study of Python Email Archives,"A sound Decision-Making (DM) process is key to the successful governance   of software projects. In many Open Source Softoware Development (OSSD)   communities, DM processes lie buried amongst vast amounts of publicly   available data. Hidden within this data lie the rationale for decisions   that led to the evolution and maintenance of software products. While   there have been some efforts to extract DM processes from publicly   available data, the rationale behind `boo' the decisions are made have   seldom been explored. Extracting the rationale for these decisions can   facilitate transparency (by making them known), and also promote   accountability on the part of decision-makers. This work bridges this   gap by means of a large-scale study that unearths the rationale behind   decisions from Python development email archives comprising about 1.5   million mails. This paper makes two main contributions. First. it makes   a knowledge contribution by unearthing and presenting the rationale   behind decisions made. Second. it makes a methodological contribution by   presenting a heuristics-based rationale extraction system called   Rationale Miner that employs multiple heuristics, and follows a   data-driven. bottom-up approach to infer the rationale behind specific   decisions (e.g., whether a new module is implemented based on core   developer consensus or benevolent dictator's pronouncement). Our   approach can be applied to extract rationale in other OSSD communities   that have similar governance structures.",10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00095
1463,Article,Flourish or Perish? The Impact of Technological Acquisitions on   Contributions to Open-Source Software,"This study examines the impact of technological acquisitions on   contributions to firm-sponsored community-based open-source software   (OSS). We distinguish between internal contributors affiliated with   target firms and external contributors from the community, and examine   how they respond to technological acquisitions differently.   Theoretically, we examine how technological acquisition influences   contributors' uncertainty about project quality through a signaling   effect and influences their uncertainty about project continuity through   potential resource combination. We connect uncertainties with   contributors' motivations to theorize their responses to acquisitions.   Empirically, we find that external contributors contribute more actively   to both target firms' sponsored projects and other projects in the OSS   community after acquisitions, which contrast with the adverse effects of   acquisitions observed in traditional corporate innovation. Although   internal contributors reduce contributions to target firms' sponsored   projects after acquisitions, they increase contributions to other OSS   projects in the community. We also find that the acquirer's OSS   experience and the project similarity between the acquirer and the   target drive both external and internal contributors to shift their   development efforts to the acquirer's projects and other projects in the   OSS community. By examining these effort shifts in OSS contributions,   our study generates unique theoretical insights about the impacts of   technological acquisitions in the OSS context and important practical   implications for acquirers, target firms, and the general OSS community.",10.1287/isre.2021.1086
1464,Article,"Free and Open Source Software organizations: A large-scale analysis of   code, comments, and commits frequency","As Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) increases in importance and use   by global corporations, understanding the dynamics of its communities   becomes critical. This paper measures up to 21 years of activities in   1314 individual projects and 1.4 billion lines of code managed. After   analyzing the FOSS activities on the projects and organizations level,   such as commits frequency, source code lines, and code comments, we find   that there is less activity now than there was a decade ago. Moreover,   our results suggest a greater decrease in the activities in large and   well-established FOSS organizations. Our findings indicate that as   technologies and business strategies related to FOSS mature, the role of   large formal FOSS organizations serving as intermediary between   developers diminishes.",10.1371/journal.pone.0257192
1465,Article,Free and open-source software for Geographic Information System on   coastal management: A study case of sea-level rise in southern Brazil,"This work assesses sea-level rise impact using three different models   created on Free and Open-Source Software for Geographic Information   System to help coastal managers in the initial stages. The End Point   Rate for QGIS (EPR4Q) computes a coastline projection using the End   Point Rate method. The Uncertainty Bathtub Model (uBTM) analyses the   effects of sea-level rise through the uncertainty of sea-level   projections and the vertical error of the Digital Elevation/Terrain   Model. The Bruun Rule for Google Earth Engine Model (BRGM) predicts the   position of the shoreline with sea-level rise, using topographic and   bathymetric data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Coastal Modeling   System, respectively. Based on the regional projections of the Special   Report on Climate Change and Oceans and Cryosphere of the   Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the models were applied to a   study case on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil under different   scenarios of sea-level rise expected by the end of this century. The   results showed a maximum coastal retreat for the year 2100 of -502 m and   -1727 m using EPR4Q and BRGM, respectively. The uBTM with Mapbiomas land   use showed a maximum of 44.57 km(2) of urban area affected by sea-level   flooding. This study highlights the feasibility of conducting coastal   management analysis in GIS environment using non-commercial software.   (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.rsma.2021.102025
1466,Article,"Free {Software}, the {Internet}, and {Global} {Communities} of {Resistance}: {Hacking} the {Global}",NA,10.1177/00943061211036051y
1468,Article,FullControl GCode Designer: Open-source software for unconstrained   design in additive manufacturing,"A new concept is presented for the design of additive manufacturing   procedures, which is implemented in opensource software called   FullControl GCode Designer. In this new design approach, the user   defines every segment of the print-path along with all printing   parameters, which may be related to geometric and non-geometric factors,   at all points along the print-path. Machine control code (GCode) is   directly generated by the software, without the need for any programming   skills and without using computer-aided design (CAD), STL-files or   slicing software. Excel is used as the front end for the software, which   is written in Visual Basic. Case studies are used to demonstrate the   broad range of structures that can be designed using the software,   including: precisely controlled specimens for printer calibration,   parametric specimens for hardware characterisation utilising hundreds of   unique parameter combinations, novel mathematically defined lattice   structures, and previously inconceivable 3D geometries that are   impossible for traditional slicing software to achieve. The FullControl   design approach enables unconstrained freedom to create nonplanar 3D   print-paths and break free from traditional restrictions of layerwise   print-path planning. It also allows nozzle movements to be carefully   designed both during extrusion and while travelling between disconnected   extrusion volumes - to overcome inherent limitations of the printing   process or to improve capabilities for challenging materials. An   industrial case study shows how explicit print-path design improved   printer reliability, production time, and print quality for a production   run of over 1000 parts. FullControl GCode Designer offers a general   framework for unconstrained design and is not limited to a particular   type of structure or hardware; transferability to lasers and other   manufacturing processes is discussed. Parametric design files use a few   bytes or kilobytes of data to describe all details that are sent to the   printer, which greatly improves shareability by eliminating any risk of   errors being introduced during STL file conversion or due to different   users having inconsistent slicer settings. Adjustable parameters allow   GCode for revised designs to be produced instantly, instead of the   laborious traditional routine using multiple software packages and file   conversions. The FullControl design concept offers new opportunities for   creative and high-precision use of additive manufacturing systems. It   facilitates design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) at the smallest   possible scale based on the fundamental nature of the process (i.e.   assembly of individual extrusions). The software and source code are   provided as supplementary data and ongoing updates to improve   functionality and the user interface will be available at   www.fullcontrolgcode.com.",10.1016/j.addma.2021.102109
1469,Article,GREAT-UPD: An open-source software for uncalibrated phase delay   estimation based on multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations,"To meet the demands of precise orbit and clock determination,   high-precision positioning, and navigation applications, a software   called GREAT (GNSS + Research, Application and Teaching) was designed   and developed at Wuhan University. As one important module in the GREAT   software, GREAT-UPD was developed for multi-GNSS and multi-frequency   uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation. It can provide   extra-wide-lane (EWL), wide-lane (WL), and narrow-lane (NL) UPDs for   GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BDS (GREC) satellites for precise point   positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR) in a multi-GNSS and   multi-frequency environment. The open-source GREAT-UPD software is   written in C + + 11 language following object-oriented principles and   can be compiled and run on several popular operating systems, such as   Windows, Linux, and Macintosh. Observations from 222 stations spanning   days from DOY 091 to 120 were used to conduct multi-GNSS and   multi-frequency UPD estimation and PPP AR. Results indicate that   GREAT-UPD can generate stable and reliable UPD products with multi-GNSS   and multi-frequency observations. After applying the UPD corrections,   the multi-frequency GREC PPP AR was achieved with the averaged time to   first fix of 9.0 min. The software package can be obtained at   https://geodesy.noaa. gov/gps-toolbox,, including the source code, user   manual, batch processing scripts, example data, and some auxiliary   tools.",10.1007/s10291-020-01070-2
1470,Article,GenUI: interactive and extensible open source software platform for de   novo molecular generation and cheminformatics,"Many contemporary cheminformatics methods, including computer-aided de   novo drug design, hold promise to significantly accelerate and reduce   the cost of drug discovery. Thanks to this attractive outlook, the field   has thrived and in the past few years has seen an especially significant   growth, mainly due to the emergence of novel methods based on deep   neural networks. This growth is also apparent in the development of   novel de novo drug design methods with many new generative algorithms   now available. However, widespread adoption of new generative techniques   in the fields like medicinal chemistry or chemical biology is still   lagging behind the most recent developments. Upon taking a closer look,   this fact is not surprising since in order to successfully integrate the   most recent de novo drug design methods in existing processes and   pipelines, a close collaboration between diverse groups of experimental   and theoretical scientists needs to be established. Therefore, to   accelerate the adoption of both modern and traditional de novo molecular   generators, we developed Generator User Interface (GenUI), a software   platform that makes it possible to integrate molecular generators within   a feature-rich graphical user interface that is easy to use by experts   of diverse backgrounds. GenUI is implemented as a web service and its   interfaces offer access to cheminformatics tools for data preprocessing,   model building, molecule generation, and interactive chemical space   visualization. Moreover, the platform is easy to extend with   customizable frontend React.js components and backend Python extensions.   GenUI is open source and a recently developed de novo molecular   generator, DrugEx, was integrated as a proof of principle. In this work,   we present the architecture and implementation details of GenUI and   discuss how it can facilitate collaboration in the disparate communities   interested in de novo molecular generation and computer-aided drug   discovery.",10.1186/s13321-021-00550-y
1472,Article,Generating UAV high-resolution topographic data within a FOSS   photogrammetric workflow using high-performance computing clusters,"Photogrammetry is one of the most reliable techniques to generate   high-resolution topographic data and it is key to territorial mapping   and change detection analysis of landforms in hydro-geomorphological   high-risk areas. Specifically, the Structure from Motion (SfM) is an   emerging topographic survey technique that addresses the problem of   determining the 3D position of image descriptors to estimate   three-dimensional structures. Thanks to the potential of SfM algorithm   and the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that allow the   ondemand acquisition of high-resolution aerial images, it is possible to   survey extended areas of the Earth surface and monitor active phenomena   through multi-temporal surveys. However, the ability to detect remote   and wide areas with a very high-resolution is countered by the need to   capture large datasets which can limit the photogrammetric process, due   to the need for high-performance hardware. This paper presents a   photogrammetric workflow based on Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS),   which is able to return different outputs and to manage a large amount   of data in reasonable time, through the distribution of the most   computationally expensive steps on computing clusters hosted by the   ReCaS-Bari data center for scientific research. The results are given in   terms of performance evaluations based on different computing   configurations of the clusters and setups of the steps of the workflow.   The HTC cluster test with a parallel SSH approach involved an important   reduction of several hours in the processing time of thousands UAV   images, especially compared to classic photogrammetric process on a   single workstation with commercial software. A parallel test, aimed to   validate the performance of a single sever of the new HPC cluster,   involved really good results halving the processing time with respect to   the HTC cluster test.",10.1016/j.jag.2021.102600
1473,Article,GiRsnow: an open-source software for snow depth retrievals using GNSS   interferometric reflectometry,"Snow is an important water resource that plays a critical role in the   global climate and hydrological cycle. Thus, Global Navigation Satellite   System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) has emerged as a new   remote sensing technology for monitoring snow depth. We developed the   snow parameter processing software GiRsnow, based on GNSS-IR tools and a   MATLAB environment, to obtain robust and effective retrievals. That tool   allows users to check the data quality, draw reflection point trajectory   and Fresnel zone, retrieve snow depth using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)   observations or geometry-free linear carrier phase combination (termed   L4) observations, and display the results based on the time and space   domain. We conducted two experiments at the Plate Boundary Observation   site RN86 and GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) site 020877 to   validate the performance of the software. Our results demonstrate that   GiRsnow can process multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS data   and obtain robust and effective results through quality control and a   grid model to account for topography effects.",10.1007/s10291-021-01096-0
1474,InProceedings,GitHub-OSS Fixit: Fixing bugs at scale in a Software Engineering Course,"Many studies have shown the benefits of introducing open-source projects   into teaching Software Engineering (SE) courses. However, there are   several limitations of existing studies that limit the wide adaptation   of open-source projects in a classroom setting, including (1) the   selected project is limited to one particular project, (2) most studies   only investigated on its effect on teaching a specific SE concept, and   (3) students may make mistakes in their contribution which leads to poor   quality code. Meanwhile, software companies have successfully launched   programs like Google Summer of Code (GSoC) and FindBugs ``fixit{''} to   contribute to open-source projects. Inspired by the success of these   programs, we propose GitHub-OSS Fixit, a team-based course project where   students are taught to contribute to open-source Java projects by fixing   bugs reported in GitHub. We described our course outline to teach   students SE concepts by encouraging the usages of several automated   program analysis tools. We also included the carefully designed   instructions that we gave to students for participating in GitHub-OSS   Fixit. As all lectures and labs are conducted online, we think that our   course design could help in guiding future online SE courses. Overall,   our survey results show that students think that GitHub-OSS Fixit could   help them to improve many skills and apply the knowledge taught in   class. In total, 154 students have submitted 214 pull requests to 24   different Java projects, in which 93 of them have been merged, and 46   have been closed by developers.",10.1109/ICSE-SEET52601.2021.00009
1476,InProceedings,GitHub-OSS fixit,"Many studies have shown the benefits of introducing open-source projects into teaching Software Engineering (SE) courses. However, there are several limitations of existing studies that limit the wide adaptation of open-source projects in a classroom setting, including (1) the selected project is limited to one particular project, (2) most studies only investigated on its effect on teaching a specific SE concept, and (3) students may make mistakes in their contribution which leads to poor quality code. Meanwhile, software companies have successfully launched programs like Google Summer of Code (GSoC) and FindBugs ""fixit"" to contribute to open-source projects. Inspired by the success of these programs, we propose GitHub-OSS Fixit, a team-based course project where students are taught to contribute to open-source Java projects by fixing bugs reported in GitHub. We described our course outline to teach students SE concepts by encouraging the usages of several automated program analysis tools. We also included the carefully designed instructions that we gave to students for participating in GitHub-OSS Fixit. As all lectures and labs are conducted online, we think that our course design could help in guiding future online SE courses. Overall, our survey results show that students think that GitHub-OSS Fixit could help them to improve many skills and apply the knowledge taught in class. In total, 154 students have submitted 214 pull requests to 24 different Java projects, in which 93 of them have been merged, and 46 have been closed by developers.",10.1109/ICSE-SEET52601.2021.00009
1478,Article,GlycoHunter: An Open-Source Software for the Detection and Relative   Quantification of INLIGHT-Labeled N-Linked Glycans,"Glycans are responsible for many biological activities; however, their   structures are incredibly diverse and complex, often rendering the field   of glycomics unsolvable by a single analytical technique. The   development of multiple chemical derivatization strategies and   bioinformatic software is responsible for some of the greatest   analytical gains in the field of glycomics. The INLIGHT strategy is a   chemical derivatization technique using hydrazide chemistry to   derivatize the reducing end of N-linked glycans and incorporates either   a natural (NAT, C-12(6)) or a stable-isotope label (SIL, C-13(6)) to   carry out relative quantification. Here we present GlycoHunter, a   user-friendly software created in MATLAB that enables researchers to   accurately and efficiently process MS1 glycomics data where a NAT and   SIL pair is generated for relative quantification, including but not   limited to, INLIGHT. GlycoHunter accepts the commonly used data file   formats imzML and mzXML and effectively identifies all peak pairs   associated with NAT- and SIL-labeled N-linked glycans using MS1 data. It   also includes the ability to tailor the search parameters and export the   results for further analysis using Skyline or Excel.",10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00840
1479,Article,Gym-ANM: Open-source software to leverage reinforcement learning for   power system management in research and education,"Gym-ANM is a Python package that facilitates the design of reinforcement   learning (RL) environments that model active network management (ANM)   tasks in electricity networks. Here, we describe how to implement new   environments and how to write code to interact with pre-existing ones.   We also provide an overview of ANM6-Easy, an environment designed to   highlight common ANM challenges. Finally, we discuss the potential   impact of Gym-ANM on the scientific community, both in terms of research   and education. We hope this package will facilitate collaboration   between the power system and RL communities in the search for algorithms   to control future energy systems.",10.1016/j.simpa.2021.100092
1480,Article,HistoClean: Open-source software for histological image pre-processing   and augmentation to improve development of robust convolutional neural   networks,"The growth of digital pathology over the past decade has opened new   research pathways and insights in cancer prediction and prognosis. In   particular, there has been a surge in deep learning and computer vision   techniques to analyse digital images. Common practice in this area is to   use image pre-processing and augmentation to prevent bias and   overfitting, creating a more robust deep learning model. This generally   requires consultation of documentation for multiple coding libraries, as   well as trial and error to ensure that the techniques used on the images   are appropriate. Herein we introduce HistoClean; a user-friendly,   graphical user interface that brings together multiple image processing   modules into one easy to use toolkit.   HistoClean is an application that aims to help bridge the knowledge gap   between pathologists, biomedical scientists and computer scientists by   providing transparent image augmentation and pre-processing techniques   which can be applied without prior coding knowledge.   In this study, we utilise HistoClean to pre-process images for a simple   convolutional neural network used to detect stromal maturity, improving   the accuracy of the model at a tile, region of interest, and patient   level. This study demonstrates how HistoClean can be used to improve a   standard deep learning workflow via classical image augmentation and   pre-processing techniques, even with a relatively simple convolutional   neural network architecture. HistoClean is free and open-source and can   be downloaded from the Github repository here:   https://github.com/HistoCleanQUB/HistoClean. (C) 2021 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of   Computational and Structural Biotechnology.",10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.033
1481,Article,Histological evaluation of extraction sites grafted with Bio-Oss   Collagen: Randomized controlled trial,"The combination of bovine bone matrix with collagen shows good results   in bone and volume preservation after tooth extraction. To determine the   ideal time to apply an implant after augmentation with Bio-Oss Collagen   and to observe if there are differences in the age of the patients and   the sex, the aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to   compare the post-extraction changes in angiogenic and osteogenic aspects   during spontaneous bone regeneration with those during socket   preservation using Bio-Oss Collagen.   Sixty-six patients were included in this study. After 8-12 weeks, bone   biopsies were embedded in paraffin and histological and   immune-histological investigated. Using qRT-PCR bone (Alpl, Bglap,   Runx2) and angiogenic markers (VEGF, caveolin-1) were identified.   The histomorphometric analysis of all examined samples showed no   differences between treated and untreated sockets, but a tissue   compression. After classification in bone regeneration stages, more   samples with woven bone were present in treated sockets than in   controls. The Alpl expression correlates with increase in mature bone   tissue. In treated sockets a significant decrease in CD34 and caveolin-1   protein expression was found. Additionally, a significant increase of   Runx2 and VEGF mRNA was detected in patients younger than 50 years.   Thus, all specimens showed ossification in different stages after eight   weeks of healing. The treated group gives an earlier stage of   ossification than controls, but produces densified tissue with greater   volume fraction. It can be assumed that successful implant placement in   Bio-Oss Collagen augmented extraction sockets is possible after eight   weeks of bone healing. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151722
1482,InProceedings,Implementation of Reliability Methods in a New Developed Open-Source   Software Library,"Structural reliability methods aim at the computation of failure   probabilities of structural systems with methods of statistical analysis   due to varied uncertainties occurring during their design, building or   even operating conditions. However, in the field of civil engineering,   the use of structural reliability methods unfortunately remains limited   to specific cases. Most of the software available has still a limited   range concerning wide parametric studies for analysis with reliability   methods in civil engineering. This paper describes a new open-source   software library as an effective tool for reliability analysis in civil   engineering. The goal is to facilitate the adoption of reliability   methods among engineers in practice as well as to provide an open   platform for further scientific collaboration. The new library is being   developed as a so-called ``R package{''} in open-source programming   software ``R{''}. The package is capable of carrying out systematic   parameter studies using different probabilistic reliability methods, as   FORM, SORM, Monte Carlo Simulation. Based on this, an overview on the   probabilistic reliability methods implemented in the package as well as   results of parametric studies is given. The performance of the package   will be shown with a parametric study on a practical example. Most   important results of the parametric study as well as the correctness of   different reliability methods will be described in the paper. By   describing probabilistic methods using an example in practice, engineers   can get a basic understanding behind the ideas of probability theories.   Further work will result in large parameter studies, which will support   the development of a new guideline for reliability in civil engineering.   This guideline describes techniques of code calibration as well as to   determine new partial safety factors (e.g. for non-metallic reinforced   concrete, fixing anchors, etc.). Furthermore, advanced reliability   methods (e.g. Monte Carlo with Subset Sampling) will be implemented in   the new R package.",10.1007/978-3-030-73616-3\\_30
1483,Article,In Silico Approach Using Free Software to Optimize the Antiproliferative   Activity and Predict the Potential Mechanism of Action of   Pyrrolizine-Based Schiff Bases,"In the current study, a simple in silico approach using free software   was used with the experimental studies to optimize the antiproliferative   activity and predict the potential mechanism of action of   pyrrolizine-based Schiff bases. A compound library of 288 Schiff bases   was designed based on compound 10, and a pharmacophore search was   performed. Structural analysis of the top scoring hits and a docking   study were used to select the best derivatives for the synthesis.   Chemical synthesis and structural elucidation of compounds 16a-h were   discussed. The antiproliferative activity of 16a-h was evaluated against   three cancer (MCF7, A2780 and HT29, IC50 = 0.01-40.50 mu M) and one   normal MRC5 (IC50 = 1.27-24.06 mu M) cell lines using the MTT assay. The   results revealed the highest antiproliferative activity against MCF7   cells for 16g (IC50 = 0.01 mu M) with an exceptionally high selectivity   index of (SI = 578). Cell cycle analysis of MCF7 cells treated with   compound 16g revealed a cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase. In   addition, compound 16g induced a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic   events in MCF7 cells compared to the control. In silico target   prediction of compound 16g showed six potential targets that could   mediate these activities. Molecular docking analysis of compound 16g   revealed high binding affinities toward COX-2, MAP P38 alpha, EGFR, and   CDK2. The results of the MD simulation revealed low RMSD values and high   negative binding free energies for the two complexes formed between   compound 16g with EGFR, and CDK2, while COX-2 was in the third order.   These results highlighted a great potentiality for 16g to inhibit both   CDK2 and EGFR. Taken together, the results mentioned above highlighted   compound 16g as a potential anticancer agent.",10.3390/molecules26134002
1484,InProceedings,Influence of Roles in Decision-Making during OSS Development - A Study   of Python,"Governance has been highlighted as a key factor in the success of an   Open Source Software (OSS) project. It is generally seen that in a mixed   meritocracy and autocracy governance model, the decision-making (DM)   responsibility regarding what features are included in the OSS is shared   among members from select roles; prominently the project leader.   However, less examination has been made whether members from these roles   are also prominent in DM discussions and how decisions are made, to show   they play an integral role in the success of the project. We believe   that to establish their influence, it is necessary to examine not only   discussions of proposals in which the project leader makes the   decisions, but also those where others make the decisions. Therefore, in   this study, we examine the prominence of members performing different   roles in: (i) making decisions, (ii) performing certain social roles in   DM discussions (e.g., discussion starters), (iii) contributing to the   OSS development social network through DM discussions, and (iv) how   decisions are made under both scenarios. We examine these aspects in the   evolution of the well-known Python project. We carried out a data-driven   longitudinal study of their email communication spanning 20 years,   comprising about 1.5 million emails. These emails contain decisions for   466 Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) that document the language's   evolution. Our findings make the influence of different roles   transparent to future (new) members, other stakeholders, and more   broadly, to the OSS research community.",10.1145/3463274.3463326
1488,Article,Internal Quality Evolution of Open-Source Software Systems,"The evolution of software is necessary for the success of software   systems. Studying the evolution of software and understanding it is a   vocal topic of study in software engineering. One of the primary   concepts of software evolution is that the internal quality of a   software system declines when it evolves. In this paper, the method of   evolution of the internal quality of object-oriented open-source   software systems has been examined by applying a software metric   approach. More specifically, we analyze how software systems evolve over   versions regarding size and the relationship between size and different   internal quality metrics. The results and observations of this research   include: (i) there is a significant difference between different systems   concerning the LOC variable (ii) there is a significant correlation   between all pairwise comparisons of internal quality metrics, and (iii)   the effect of complexity and inheritance on the LOC was positive and   significant, while the effect of Coupling and Cohesion was not   significant.",10.3390/app11125690
1490,Article,Investigation and prediction of open source software evolution using   automated parameter mining for agent-based simulation,"To guide software development, the estimation of the impact of decision   making on the development process can be helpful in planning. For this   estimation, often prediction models are used which can be learned from   project data. In this paper, an approach for the usage of agent-based   simulation for the prediction of software evolution trends is presented.   The specialty of the proposed approach lies in the automated parameter   estimation for the instantiation of project-specific simulation models.   We want to assess how well a baseline model using average (commit)   behavior of the agents (i.e., the developers) performs compared to   models where different amount of project-specific data is fed into the   simulation model. The approach involves the interplay between the mining   framework and simulation framework. Parameters to be estimated include,   e.g., file change probabilities of developers and the team constellation   reflecting different developer roles. The structural evolution of   software projects is observed using change coupling graphs based on   common file changes. For the validation of simulation results, we   compare empirical with simulated results. Our results showed that an   average simulation model can mimic general project growth trends like   the number of commits and files well and thus, can help project managers   in, e.g., controlling the onboarding of developers. Besides, the   simulated co-change evolution could be improved significantly using   project-specific data.",10.1007/s10515-021-00280-3
1491,Article,Investigation of the Software Code Vulnerabilities' Impact on the   Popularity of Open Source Software Projects,"This paper has statically investigated the source code of open source   software (OSS) projects to uncover the presence of vulnerabilities in   the code. The conducted research emphasizes that the presence of   vulnerabilities has adverse effects on the overall software quality. The   authors found the increasing trends in the vulnerabilities as the lines   of code (LOC) increases during the software evolution. This signifies   the fact that the addition of new features or change requests into the   OSS project may cause an increase in vulnerability. Further, the   relation between software vulnerabilities and popularity is also   examined. This research does not find the existence of any relationship   among software vulnerabilities and popularity. This research will   provide significant implications to the developers and project managers   to better understand the present state of the software.",10.4018/JITR.2021070104
1492,InProceedings,Javadoc Violations and Their Evolution in Open-Source Software,"Software quality comprises different and interrelated aspects. One of   them is maintainability, which in turn is made up of measurable   attributes. Previous studies have shown that documentation, by   contributing to the comprehensibility of software, may have a positive   effect on maintainability and, hence, software quality. This paper   presents a study in which we analyzed Javadoc comments from 163   different open-source projects. Javadoc is the de facto standard for   documenting source code files in Java projects, and although its syntax   is less strict than in other (programming) languages, documentation   written with Javadoc may contain violations. Our study focuses on the   detection of different types of Javadoc violations as well as the source   code elements affected by them. Also, by utilizing software repository   mining techniques, we examined the history of the subject systems to   gain further insights into the evolution of Javadoc violations.   According to our results, about half of the source code elements have no   Javadoc whatsoever. Among the different components of Javadoc comments   (if present), the description of exceptions, by far, has the highest   average ratio of violations. With regard to the types of affected   elements, constructors and methods show very high average ratios. Also,   we found that, on average, violations live more than two years.   Nowadays, most integrated development environments (IDEs) for Java are   capable of detecting missing Javadoc comments as well as comments with   syntactic errors. However, our results indicate that the documentation   of source code might be considered less important to developers or that   these tools alone may not be sufficient for maintaining consistent   documentation.",10.1109/SANER50967.2021.00031
1493,Article,LBfoam: An open-source software package for the simulation of foaming   using the Lattice Boltzmann Method,"This paper presents a 2D/3D Free Surface Lattice Boltzmann Method   simulation package called LBfoam for the simulation of foaming   processes. The model incorporates the essential physics of foaming   phenomena: gas diffusion into nucleated bubbles, bubble dynamics and   coalescence, surface tension, the stabilizing disjoining pressure   between bubbles, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheological models. The   software can simulate the growth and interaction of bubbles, and predict   final foam structures. The implementation is based on the Palabos   library (in C++), which enables large-scale parallel simulations. The   software is freely available under the GNU Affero General Public License   version 3. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107698
1494,InProceedings,Leaving My Fingerprints: Motivations and Challenges of Contributing to   OSS for Social Good,"When inspiring software developers to contribute to open source   software, the act is often referenced as an opportunity to build tools   to support the developer community. However, that is not the only charge   that propels contributions-growing interest in open source has also been   attributed to software developers deciding to use their technical skills   to benefit a common societal good. To understand how developers identify   these projects, their motivations for contributing, and challenges they   face, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with OSS for Social   Good (OSS4SG) contributors. From our interview analysis, we identified   themes of contribution styles that we wanted to understand at scale by   deploying a survey to over 5765 OSS and Open Source Software for Social   Good contributors. From our quantitative analysis of 517 responses, we   find that the majority of contributors demonstrate a distinction between   OSS4SG and OSS. Likewise, contributors described definitions based on   what societal issue the project was to mitigate and who the outcomes of   the project were going to benefit. In addition, we find that OSS4SG   contributors focus less on benefiting themselves by padding their resume   with new technology skills and are more interested in leaving their mark   on society at statistically significant levels. We also find that OSS4SG   contributors evaluate the owners of the project significantly more than   OSS contributors. These findings inform implications to help   contributors identify high societal impact projects, help project   maintainers reduce barriers to entry, and help organizations understand   why contributors are drawn to these projects to sustain active   participation.",10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00096
1498,InProceedings,Live Subtitling for BigBlueButton with Open-Source Software,"We present an open source plugin for live subtitling in the popular open   source video conferencing software BigBlueButton. Our plugin decodes   each speaker's audio stream separately and in parallel, thereby   obliviating the need for speaker diarization and seamlessly handling   overlapped talk. Any Kaldi-compatible nnet3 model can be used with our   plugin and we demonstrate it using freely available TDNN-HMM-based ASR   models for English and German. Our subtitles can be used as they are   (e.g., in loud environments) or can form the basis for further NLP   processes. Our tool can also simplify the collection of remotely   recorded multi-party dialogue corpora.",NA
1499,Article,MASTODON: An Open-Source Software for Seismic Analysis and Risk   Assessment of Critical Infrastructure,"Seismic analysis and risk assessment of safety-critical infrastructure   like hospitals, nuclear power plants, dams, and facilities handling   radioactive materials involve computationally intensive numerical models   and coupled multiphysics scenarios. They are also performed in a strict   regulatory environment that requires high software quality assurance   standards, and in the case of safety-related nuclear facilities, a   conformance to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Nuclear   Quality Assurance (NQA-1) standard. This paper introduces the   open-source finite-element software, MASTODON (Multi-hazard Analysis of   Stochastic Time-Domain Phenomena), which implements state-of-the-art   seismic analysis and risk assessment tools in a quality-controlled   environment. MASTODON is built on MOOSE (Multi-physics Object-Oriented   Simulation Environment), which is a highly parallelizable, NQA-1   conforming, coupled multiphysics, finite-element framework developed at   Idaho National Laboratory. MASTODON is capable of fault rupture and   source-to-site wave propagation using the domain reduction method,   nonlinear site response, and soil-structure interaction analysis,   implicit and explicit time integration, automated stochastic   simulations, and seismic probabilistic risk assessment. When coupled   with other MOOSE applications, MASTODON can also solve strongly and   weakly coupled multiphysics problems. This paper presents a summary of   the capabilities of MASTODON and some demonstrative examples.",10.1080/00295450.2020.1807282
1500,Article,MCR: Open-Source Software to Automate Compilation of Health Study   Report-Back,"Sharing individualized results with health study participants, a   practice we and others refer to as ``report-back,{''} ensures   participant access to exposure and health information and may promote   health equity. However, the practice of report-back and the content   shared is often limited by the time-intensive process of personalizing   reports. Software tools that automate creation of individualized reports   have been built for specific studies, but are largely not open-source or   broadly modifiable. We created an open-source and generalizable tool,   called the Macro for the Compilation of Report-backs (MCR), to automate   compilation of health study reports. We piloted MCR in two environmental   exposure studies in Massachusetts, USA, and interviewed research team   members (n = 7) about the impact of MCR on the report-back process.   Researchers using MCR created more detailed reports than during manual   report-back, including more individualized numerical, text, and   graphical results. Using MCR, researchers saved time producing draft and   final reports. Researchers also reported feeling more creative in the   design process and more confident in report-back quality control. While   MCR does not expedite the entire report-back process, we hope that this   open-source tool reduces the barriers to personalizing health study   reports, promotes more equitable access to individualized data, and   advances self-determination among participants.",10.3390/ijerph18116104
1501,Article,MIGRATION TOWARDS FREE SOFTWARE IN THE TRAINING OF COMPUTER TEACHERS AS   A STRATEGY OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY,"The conception of technological sovereignty for the treatment of the   systems to be implemented in the country and the decisions on their   modification are analyzed. However, this is a complex process for its   implementation, if the development of informational competencies in   computer science teachers, based on free software, is not achieved. The   analysis of the training of these professionals must start from the   structuring of a curricular design with its own and optional subjects   that are structured according to the objectives of the training process   and the necessary relationships that are established between them. The   article presents an approach to this problem.",10.5585/eccos.n58.17195
1502,Article,MISTIQS: An open-source software for performing quantum dynamics   simulations on quantum computers,"We present MISTIQS, a Multiplatform Software for Time-dependent Quantum   Simulations. MISTIQS delivers end-to-end functionality for simulating   the quantum many-body dynamics of systems governed by time-dependent   Heisenberg Hamiltonians across multiple quantum computing platforms. It   provides high-level programming functionality for generating   intermediate representations of quantum circuits which can be translated   into a variety of industry-standard representations. Furthermore, it   offers a selection of circuit compilation and optimization methods and   facilitates execution of the quantum circuits on currently available   cloud-based quantum computing backends. MISTIQS serves as an accessible   and highly flexible research and education platform, allowing a broader   community of scientists and students to perform quantum many-body   dynamics simulations on current quantum computers. (C) 2021 The Authors.   Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.softx.2021.100696
1503,Article,Measuring and Modeling Group Dynamics in Open-Source Software Development: A Tensor Decomposition Approach,"Many open-source software projects depend on a few core developers, who take over both the bulk of coordination and programming tasks. They are supported by peripheral developers, who contribute either via discussions or programming tasks, often for a limited time. It is unclear what role these peripheral developers play in the programming and communication efforts, as well as the temporary task-related sub-groups in the projects. We mine code-repository data and mailing-list discussions to model the relationships and contributions of developers in a social network and devise a method to analyze the temporal collaboration structures in communication and programming, learning about the strength and stability of social sub-groups in open-source software projects. Our method uses multi-modal social networks on a series of time windows. Previous work has reduced the network structure representing developer collaboration to networks with only one type of interaction, which impedes the simultaneous analysis of more than one type of interaction. We use both communication and version-control data of open-source software projects and model different types of interaction over time. To demonstrate the practicability of our measurement and analysis method, we investigate 10&nbsp;substantial and popular open-source software projects and show that, if sub-groups evolve, modeling these sub-groups helps predict the future evolution of interaction levels of programmers and groups of developers. Our method allows maintainers and other stakeholders of open-source software projects to assess instabilities and organizational changes in developer interaction and can be applied to different use cases in organizational analysis, such as understanding the dynamics of a specific incident or discussion.",10.1145/3473139
1504,InProceedings,Model for Educational Free Software Integration into Artificial   Intelligence Teaching and Learning,"Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer Science with complex   subjects. A trend in the teaching and learning of Artificial   Intelligence is to use software where students modify the source code.   However, teachers do not use the freedoms of free software in their   classrooms. Based on a previous review, it is difficult to see   methodological indications to use or create new programs with these   characteristics for other teaching-learning processes. The goal of this   work is to develop a model of integration of educational free software   to the teaching-learning process of Artificial Intelligence. The authors   use several research methods: historical-logical, analysis and   synthesis, functional-structural-systemic and modeling. The model has   three fundamental components. The conceptual component represents the   principles and their theoretical foundations. The structural component   represents the main elements that intervene in the integration. The   instrumental component constitutes the materialization of the model and   contains three stages: preparation, execution and evaluation. The   authors used the focus group technique, a pre-experiment and Iadov's   satisfaction technique to validate the model. These methods made it   possible to verify the relevance of the model, its good acceptance by   the teachers and the acceptable satisfaction of the students after the   first application of the model.",10.1007/978-3-030-52575-0\\_65
1505,Article,Modeling Injection Molding of High-Density Polyethylene with   Crystallization in Open-Source Software,"This work investigates crystallization modeling by modifying an   open-source computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM. The   crystallization behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is   implemented according to theoretical and experimental literature. A   number of physical interdependencies are included. The cavity is modeled   as deformable. The heat transfer coefficient in the thermal contact   towards the mold depends on contact pressure. The thermal conductivity   is pressure- and crystallinity-dependent. Specific heat depends on   temperature and crystallinity. Latent heat is released according to the   crystallization progress and temperature. Deviatoric elastic stress is   evolved in the solidified material. The prediction of the cavity   pressure evolution is used for the assessment of the solution quality   because it is experimentally available and governs the residual stress   development. Insight into the thermomechanical conditions is provided   with through-thickness plots of pressure, temperature and cooling rate   at different levels of crystallinity. The code and simulation setup are   made openly available to further the research on the topic.",10.3390/polym13010138
1506,InProceedings,Monitoring Negative Sentiment-Related Events in Open Source Software   Projects,"Open source software (OSS) development is a highly collaborative process   where individuals, groups and organizations interact to develop, operate   and maintain software and related artifacts. The developers' sentiment   in this process can have an impact on their working willingness and   efficiency. Monitoring sentiment factors can help to improve OSS   development and management. However, no method has been proposed to   dynamically monitor the sentiment phenomena during the OSS development   process. In this paper, an approach to detect Negative Sentiment-related   Events (NSE) is proposed. It consists of two steps. The first step is to   identify the burst interval of negative comments from open source   projects, which corresponds to a NSE. The second step is to annotate   this NSE with its event type. To support this approach, the types of   NSEs in OSS projects are defined through an empirical study and   classifiers are trained to annotate event types automatically. Moreover,   conversation disentanglement techniques are employed to make the   comments extracted more complete. Finally, the factors that have an   influence on NSEs in the OSS project are studied.",10.1109/APSEC53868.2021.00017
1507,Article,NIC-CAGE: An open-source software package for predicting optimal control   fields in photo-excited chemical systems,"We present an open-source software package, NIC-CAGE (Novel   Implementation of Constrained Calculations for Automated Generation of   Excitations), for predicting quantum optimal control fields in   photo-excited chemical systems. Our approach utilizes newly derived   analytic gradients for maximizing the transition probability (based on a   norm-conserving Crank-Nicolson propagation scheme) for driving a system   from a known initial quantum state to another desired state. The   NIC-CAGE code is written in the MATLAB and Python programming   environments to aid in its readability and general accessibility to both   users and practitioners. Throughout this work, we provide several   examples and outputs on a variety of different potentials, propagation   times, and user-defined parameters to demonstrate the robustness of the   NIC-CAGE software package. As such, the use of this predictive tool by   both experimentalists and theorists could lead to further advances in   both understanding and controlling the dynamics of photo-excited   systems.   Program summary   Program Title: NIC-CAGE   CPC Library link to program files:   http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/82jcpk5svt.1   Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3   Programming language: MATLAB or Python   Supplementary material: Comparisons of propagated wavefunctions obtained   from analytical pi pulses vs wavefunctions resulting from numerically   optimized electric fields predicted by the NIC-CAGE program   Nature of problem: The NIC-CAGE software package utilizes analytic   Crank-Nicolson gradients to compute optimized (and constrained) electric   fields that can drive a system from a known initial vibrational   eigenstate to a specified final quantum state with a large (approximate   to 1) transition probability.   Solution method: Analytic gradients, Crank-Nicolson propagation, and   gradient ascent optimization (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107541
1508,Article,Network structure and requirements crowdsourcing for OSS projects,"Crowdsourcing system requirements enables project managers to elicit   feedback from a broader range of stakeholders. The advantages of   crowdsourcing include a higher volume of requirements reflecting a more   comprehensive array of use cases and a more engaged and committed user   base. Researchers cite the inability of project teams to effectively   manage an increasing volume of system requirements as a possible   drawback. This paper analyzes a data set consisting of project   management artifacts from 562 open-source software (OSS) projects to   determine how OSS project performance varies as the share of   crowdsourced requirements increases using six measures of effectiveness:   requirement close-out time, requirement response time, average comment   activity, the average number of requirements per crowd member, the   average retention time for crowd members, and the total volume of   requirements. Additionally, the models measure how the impact of   increasing the share of crowdsourced requirements changes with   stakeholder network structure. The analysis shows that stakeholder   network structure impacts OSS performance outcomes and that the effect   changes with the share of crowdsourced requirements. OSS projects with   more concentrated stakeholder networks perform the best. The results   indicate that requirements crowdsourcing faces diminishing marginal   returns. OSS projects that crowdsource more than 70\\% of their   requirements benefit more from implementing processes to organize and   prioritize existing requirements than from incentivizing the crowd to   generate additional requirements. Analysis in the paper also suggests   that OSS projects could benefit from employing CrowdRE techniques and   assigning dedicated community managers to more effectively channel input   from the crowd.",10.1007/s00766-021-00353-5
1509,Article,New Developer Metrics for Open Source Software Development Challenges:   An Empirical Study of Project Recommendation Systems,"Software collaboration platforms where millions of developers from   diverse locations can contribute to the common open source projects have   recently become popular. On these platforms, various information is   obtained from developer activities that can then be used as developer   metrics to solve a variety of challenges. In this study, we proposed new   developer metrics extracted from the issue, commit, and pull request   activities of developers on GitHub. We created developer metrics from   the individual activities and combined certain activities according to   some common traits. To evaluate these metrics, we created an item-based   project recommendation system. In order to validate this system, we   calculated the similarity score using two methods and assessed top-n hit   scores using two different approaches. The results for all scores with   these methods indicated that the most successful metrics were   binary\\_issue\\_related, issue\\_commented, binary\\_pr\\_related, and   issue\\_opened. To verify our results, we compared our metrics with   another metric generated from a very similar study and found that most   of our metrics gave better scores that metric. In conclusion, the issue   feature is more crucial for GitHub compared with other features.   Moreover, commenting activity in projects can be equally as valuable as   code contributions. The most of binary metrics that were generated,   regardless of the number of activities, also showed remarkable results.   In this context, we presented improvable and noteworthy developer   metrics that can be used for a wide range of open-source software   development challenges, such as user characterization, project   recommendation, and code review assignment.",10.3390/app11030920
1511,Article,New Omnidirectional Sensor Based on Open-Source Software and Hardware   for Tracking and Backtracking of Dual-Axis Solar Trackers in   Photovoltaic Plants,"In this work, an omnidirectional sensor that enables identification of   the direction of the celestial sphere with maximum solar irradiance is   presented. The sensor, based on instantaneous measurements, functions as   a position server for dual-axis solar trackers in photovoltaic plants.   The proposed device has been developed with free software and hardware,   which makes it a pioneering solution because it is open and accessible   as well as capable of being improved by the scientific community,   thereby contributing to the rapid advancement of technology. In   addition, the device includes an algorithm developed ex professo that   makes it possible to predetermine the regions of the celestial sphere   for which, according to the geometric characteristics of the PV plant,   there would be shading between the panels. In this way, solar trackers   do not have to locate the Sun's position at all times according to   astronomical models, while taking into account factors such as shadows   or cloudiness that also affect levels of incident irradiance on solar   collectors. Therefore, with this device, it is possible to provide   photovoltaic plants with dual-axis solar tracking with a low-cost device   that helps to optimise the trajectory of the trackers and, consequently,   their radiative capture and energy production.",10.3390/s21030726
1512,Article,OPTIMIZED DETERMINATION OF 3D COORDINATES IN THE SURVEY OF INACCESSIBLE   POINTS OF BUILDINGS - EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION IMPLEMENTED IN FREE   SOFTWARE,"The forward intersection method is already widely used in the geodetic   survey of coordinates of inaccessible points, especially when only angle   measurements are available, in this case, also called the triangulation   method. However, the mathematical solution of the 3D forward   intersection with the analytical definition of spatial lines, resolved   by the Minimum Distances Method, is still not widespread in the academic   and professional environment. This mathematical modeling determines the   3D coordinates of a point located in the middle of the minimum distance   between two or more spatial lines, which spatially ``intersect{''}   towards the observation point. This solution is more accurate than   others presented in the literature because it simultaneously solves the   problem of 3D determination of a point by the method of least squares,   in addition to providing an estimate of the coordinate precision, which   are inherent to the adjustment. This work, therefore, has the objective   of explaining the Minimum Distances Method for the spatial intersection   of targeted measurements with a Total Station from two or more known   observation points for the 3D determination of inaccessible points   located in corners of buildings. For the analysis of the method, a   Python tool was developed for QGIS that calculates the 3D coordinates   and generates the adjustment processing report, being applied with real   observations of the Geodetic survey of the SUDENE building, in   Recife-PE. The methodology developed in this work proved to be suitable   for measurements of large structures, achieving spherical precision   better than +/- 1.0 cm, following the Brazilian standards for urban   cadastre.",10.1590/1982-2170-2020-0057
1513,Article,On Company Contributions to Community Open Source Software Projects,"The majority of contributions to community open source software (OSS)   projects are made by practitioners acting on behalf of companies and   other organisations. Previous research has addressed the motivations of   both individuals and companies to engage with OSS projects. However,   limited research has been undertaken that examines and explains the   practical mechanisms or work practices used by companies and their   developers to pursue their commercial and technical objectives when   engaging with OSS projects. This research investigates the variety of   work practices used in public communication channels by company   contributors to engage with and contribute to eight community OSS   projects. Through interviews with contributors to the eight projects we   draw on their experiences and insights to explore the motivations to use   particular methods of contribution. We find that companies utilise work   practices for contributing to community projects which are congruent   with the circumstances and their capabilities that support their short-   and long-term needs. We also find that companies contribute to community   OSS projects in ways that may not always be apparent from public   sources, such as employing core project developers, making donations,   and joining project steering committees in order to advance strategic   interests. The factors influencing contributor work practices can be   complex and are often dynamic arising from considerations such as   company and project structure, as well as technical concerns and   commercial strategies. The business context in which software created by   the OSS project is deployed is also found to influence contributor work   practices.",10.1109/TSE.2019.2919305
1514,Article,On the prediction of long-lived bugs: An analysis and comparative study   using FLOSS projects,"Context: Software evolution and maintenance activities in today's   Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) rely primarily on information   extracted from bug reports registered in bug tracking systems. Many   studies point out that most bugs that adversely affect the user's   experience across versions of FLOSS projects are longlived bugs.   However, proposed approaches that support bug fixing procedures do not   consider the real-world lifecycle of a bug, in which bugs are often   fixed very fast. This may lead to useless efforts to automate the bug   management process.   Objective: This study aims to confirm whether the number of long-lived   bugs is significantly high in popular open-source projects and to   characterize the population of long-lived bugs by considering the   attributes of bug reports. We also aim to conduct a comparative study   evaluating the prediction accuracy of five well-known machine learning   algorithms and text mining techniques in the task of predicting   long-lived bugs.   Methods: We collected bug reports from six popular open-source projects   repositories (Eclipse, Freedesktop, Gnome, GCC, Mozilla, and WineHQ) and   used the following machine learning algorithms to predict long-lived   bugs: K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes, Neural Networks, Random Forest,   and Support Vector Machines. Results: Our results show that long-lived   bugs are relatively frequent (varying from 7.2\\% to 40.7\\%) and have   unique characteristics, confirming the need to study solutions to   support bug fixing management. We found that the Neural Network   classifier yielded the best results in comparison to the other   algorithms evaluated. Conclusion: Research efforts regarding long-lived   bugs are needed and our results demonstrate that it is possible to   predict long-lived bugs with a high accuracy (around 70.7\\%) despite the   use of simple prediction algorithms and text mining methods.",10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106508
1516,Article,Online Community-based Design of Free and Open Source Software for Transgender Voice Training,"This paper describes Project Spectra, a collective of open source developers that aims to build free and open source voice training technology for transgender people. We demonstrate how a design prioritizing the agency of trans users was made possible through sustained community collaboration. Using an autoethnographic approach, we discuss our community-based design process, which was documented with memos, online meetings and text conversations, sketches, and other data sources. We illustrate how we articulated our values as a group: deciding our programming framework (including a Statement of Principles), elaborating our ""Experience Goals"" (the feelings we wanted our design to elicit), and determining the features we wanted to implement in our app. We conclude with a reflection on the benefits and challenges of conducting community-based design research through an open-source organizational model.",10.1145/3434167
1518,Article,Open Source Software Engineering the Eclipse Way,"In open source software engineering, the source code that is made   publicly available is developed using processes that actively engage and   solicit participation by a community.",10.1109/MC.2021.3069530
1519,InProceedings,Open Source Software Practices in CS2,"By contributing to open source software (OSS), students can gain   professional software development experience and learn about   applications of computer science (CS) concepts in pragmatic contexts.   However, integrating such projects in classrooms requires substantial   logistical planning by instructors as well as adequate programming   skills from students. To mitigate these challenges, we propose four   model curricula to serve as accessible strategies of integrating   practicable learning opportunities in lower-level CS classes. Depending   on classroom circumstances, instructors can assign projects that involve   student contributions to OSS, custom plug-ins, simulated open source   communities, or practical code excerpts. As a result, students will be   able to explore the utility of CS and discover an exciting future in   computing.",10.1145/3488042.3488047
1521,Article,Open Source Software as the Main Driver for Evolving Software Systems   Toward a Distributed and Performant E-Commerce Platform: A Zalando   Fashion Store Case Study,"The migration of legacy monolith systems toward a microservice   architecture is a large-scale, nontrivial technical activity and   investment. This shift would be infeasible without the use of robust   underlying software that can sustain a big part of this work and sort   the complexities involved. A myriad of Open Source Software (OSS)   projects are available in the community for this purpose, however, many   companies may remain reluctant to adopt them as the cornerstone for   their new evolved systems that can work at scale. Ownership, security,   quality concerns, or support confidence are widely common reasons.   Furthermore, these concerns are intensified when the OSS is to take part   in critical sections of the evolved system. Using a complex case study   from Zalando, this article aims to give some light to both researchers   and practitioners into the use of OSS to drive this evolution, and the   impact that the OSS can have on the adopting system.",10.1109/MITP.2020.2994993
1523,InProceedings,Open source software platform for interstitial ablation treatment   planning,"PURPOSE: There are several interstitial (needle based) image-guided   ablation planning systems available, but most of them are closed or   unsupported. We propose an open source software platform for the   planning of image-guided interstitial ablation procedures, providing   generic functionality and support for specialized plug-ins.   METHODS: The patient's image data is loaded or streamed into the system   and the relevant structures are segmented. The user places fiducial   points as ablation needle entries and tips, sets the ablation times, and   the thermal dose is calculated by a dose engine. The thermal dose is   then visualized on the 2D image slices and 3D rendering using a   combination of isodose lines and surfaces. Quantitative feedback is   provided by dose volume histograms. The treatment plan can be   iteratively edited until satisfactory dose distribution is achieved. We   performed a usability study with eight novice users in which they were   asked to create a satisfactory treatment plan.   RESULTS: Interventionists can use the proposed system to create and   visualize thermal ablation plans. Researchers can use the platform to   create a wide range of specialized applications by adding plug-ins for   various types of ablation methods, thermal models, and dose calculation   engines. Existing extensions of the platform can provide real-time   imaging and tracked or robotic navigation to aid the user in optimal   needle placement. From our usability study, the users found the visual   information well represented and the platform intuitive to use. The   users averaged 4.4 recalculation attempts before finding an optimal   treatment, which was evaluated as 100\\% necrosis of the tumor.   CONCLUSION: The developed platform fulfills a demand for a universal and   shared ablation planning system. While also being supported by the   state-of-the-art development of specialized plug-ins, the open source   system can adapt to the desired dose calculation or ablation procedure.",10.1117/12.2549577
1524,Article,Open source software toolchain for automated non-targeted screening for   toxins in alternative foods,"Previous published methods for non-targeted screening of toxins in   alternative foods such as leaf concentrate, agricultural residues or   plastic fed to biological consortia are time consuming and expensive and   thus present accessibility, as well as, time-constraint issues for   scientists from under resourced settings to identify safe alternative   foods. The novel methodology presented here, utilizes a completely free   and open source software toolchain for automatically screening unknown   alternative foods for toxicity using experimental data from   ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The   process uses three distinct tools (mass spectrometry analysis with   MZmine 2, formula assignment with MFAssignR, and data filtering with   ToxAssign) enabling it to be modular and easily upgradable in the   future. MZmine 2 and MFAssignR have been previously described, while   ToxAssign was developed here to match the formulas output by formula   assignment to potentially toxic compounds in a local table, then look up   toxic data on the Open Food Tox Database for the matched compounds. This   process is designed to fill the gap between food safety analysis   techniques and developing alternative food production techniques to   allow for new methods of food production to be preliminarily tested   before animal testing. The methodology was validated against a previous   method using proprietary commercial software. The new process identifies   all of the toxic elements the previous process identified with more   detailed information than the previous process was able to provide   automatically.   Efficient analysis to find potentially toxic compounds in alternative   foods and resilient foods.   Identification of potentially unsafe products without the use of live   animal testing.   Modular free and open source design to allow for upgrading or fitting of   user needs. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.mex.2021.101551
1527,Article,Open-source Software Sustainability Models: Initial White Paper From the   Informatics Technology for Cancer Research Sustainability and Industry   Partnership Working Group,"Background: The National Cancer Institute Informatics Technology for   Cancer Research (ITCR) program provides a series of funding mechanisms   to create an ecosystem of open-source software (OSS) that serves the   needs of cancer research. As the ITCR ecosystem substantially grows, it   faces the challenge of the long-term sustainability of the software   being developed by ITCR grantees. To address this challenge, the ITCR   sustainability and industry partnership working group (SIP-WG) was   convened in 2019.   Objective: The charter of the SIP-WG is to investigate options to   enhance the long-term sustainability of the OSS being developed by ITCR,   in part by developing a collection of business model archetypes that can   serve as sustainability plans for ITCR OSS development initiatives. The   working group assembled models from the ITCR program, from other   studies, and from the engagement of its extensive network of   relationships with other organizations (eg, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative,   Open Source Initiative, and Software Sustainability Institute) in   support of this objective.   Methods: This paper reviews the existing sustainability models and   describes 10 OSS use cases disseminated by the SIP-WG and others,   including 3D Slicer, Bioconductor, Cytoscape, Globus, i2b2 (Informatics   for Integrating Biology and the Bedside) and tranSMART, Insight Toolkit,   Linux, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics tools, R, and   REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), in 10 sustainability aspects:   governance, documentation, code quality, support, ecosystem   collaboration, security, legal, finance, marketing, and dependency   hygiene.   Results: Information available to the public reveals that all 10 OSS   have effective governance, comprehensive documentation, high code   quality, reliable dependency hygiene, strong user and developer support,   and active marketing. These OSS include a variety of licensing models   (eg, general public license version 2, general public license version 3,   Berkeley Software Distribution, and Apache 3) and financial models (eg,   federal research funding, industry and membership support, and   commercial support). However, detailed information on ecosystem   collaboration and security is not publicly provided by most OSS.   Conclusions: We recommend 6 essential attributes for research software:   alignment with unmet scientific needs, a dedicated development team, a   vibrant user community, a feasible licensing model, a sustainable   financial model, and effective product management. We also stress   important actions to be considered in future ITCR activities that   involve the discussion of the sustainability and licensing models for   ITCR OSS, the establishment of a central library, the allocation of   consulting resources to code quality control, ecosystem collaboration,   security, and dependency hygiene.",10.2196/20028
1529,InProceedings,Open-source Software for Determining the Dynamic Areas of Interest for   Eye Tracking Data Analysis,"There is a vivid need for an effective, universal and easy-to-use   software tool supporting visual attention analysis based on eye-tracking   data using the areas of interest for objects moving within the system of   coordinates in which gaze position is recorded. Thus, we decided to   design such software using existing algorithms offered by the discipline   of computer vision, with an intention the eye-tracking research   community could freely use it. According to the tests carried out using   two datasets, the MOTLD algorithm had the best efficiency among all   implemented in the presented software in determining the dynamic areas   of interest. Therefore, we recommend it as the default one. This paper   presents the first version of the tool and is an invitation to   collaborate on developing this software. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published   by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND   license (https://crativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review   under responsibility of the scientific committee of KES International.",10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.026
1530,Article,Open-source software migration under sanctions conditions,"Open-source software (OSS) has been widely used in the process of   software development for the purpose of shortening the process   development and reducing its costs. The growing process of OSS has put   out new ways for development, distribution and correspondence of   software in organizations. Countries under international sanctions are   facing extreme limitations over financial transactions and technology   transmissions with different countries; therefore, individuals and   companies working in such territories are involved with legal   limitations and limits of copyright as to using and having access to   software. This research seeks to evaluate the acceptance of OSS in a   country under sanction, that's to say Iran. In this research the   developed value-based acceptance model has been used. The statistical   population of the study was individuals active in software and   information technology industry in Iran. The sampling method was   convenience sampling. The results indicated that the sanction has a   significant effect on the perceived value of OSS (beta = 0.72, p =   0.000) and eventually its usage. Besides, usefulness (beta = 0.69, p =   0.001), perceived enjoyment (beta = 0.54, p = 0.000) and facilitating   conditions (beta = 0.58, p = 0.002) are considered as factors effective   in applying OSS. As a result, one of the solutions of technology   development in sanctioned organizations is to use OSS.",10.1007/s13198-021-01329-y
1531,InProceedings,Open3DGen: Open-Source Software for Reconstructing Textured 3D Models   from RGB-D Images,This paper presents the first entirely open-source and cross-platform   software called Open3DGen for reconstructing photorealistic textured 3D   models from RGB-D images. The proposed software pipeline consists of   nine main stages: 1) RGBD acquisition; 2) 2D feature extraction; 3)   camera pose estimation; 4) point cloud generation; 5) coarse mesh   reconstruction; 6) optional loop closure; 7) fine mesh reconstruction;   8) UV unwrapping; and 9) texture projection. This end-to-end scheme   combines multiple state-of-the-art techniques and provides an   easy-to-use software package for real-time 3D model reconstruction and   offline texture mapping. The main innovation lies in various   Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques that are used with additional   depth data to yield high-quality 3D models in real-time and at low cost.   The functionality of Open3DGen has been validated on AMD Ryzen 3900X CPU   and Nvidia GTX1080 GPU. This proof-of-concept setup attains an average   processing speed of 15 fps for 720p (1280x720) RGBD input without the   offline backend. Our solution is shown to provide competitive 3D mesh   quality and execution performance with the state-of-the-art commercial   and academic solutions.,10.1145/3458305.3463374
1533,Article,Optimized single-step (OSS) chemistry for auto-ignition of heterogeneous   mixtures,"With the objective of recovering the values of ignition delays of   reactive heterogeneous mixtures a singlestep chemistry model has been   developed. The corresponding model extends a recent optimization   procedure introduced to describe flame propagation in heterogeneous   media featuring composition variations (equivalence ratio and   temperature) in the fresh reactants or containing residual burned gases   (RBG). It is based on the use of an optimized virtual species and a   tabulation of the pre-exponential coefficient of an Arrhenius law. The   main results of high activation energy asymptotics (AEA) are first   recalled to put in evidence the key parameters and the dependence of the   ignition delay on the corresponding quantities. The optimization   procedure is then applied to these parameters, namely, the   pre-exponential factor K and the activation energy E-a of the associated   single-step Arrhenius law. An efficient tabulation method benefiting   from both rapid access and low storage is proposed for the composition   variable (the mixture fraction, in the present case). Finally, the   restitution of both ignition and propagation features is ensured through   the consideration of the cross-over temperature. The performance of the   resulting model is then assessed through comparisons with data obtained   from detailed chemistry computations used as reference in several   conditions of increasing complexity. (C) 2021 The Combustion Institute.   Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.12.026
1534,Article,Organization of {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {In}-between the {Community} and {Traditional} {Governance},"This work aimed to understand what community-based free software projects are and what governance characteristics (structure and control) differentiate them from traditional organizations, thus spurring further reflections on this business model. A literature review was conducted to outline the main perceptions on this topic, as well as qualitative exploratory research, involving documentary analysis and interviews with four Brazilian participants who work in the management of projects.. The exploratory research was a preliminary contact with the investigated field to make the arguments presented more reliable. Among the reflections, it is observed that even though it is possible to distinguish community-based free software projects from traditional organizations, a crucial factor not always considered are the transformations resulting from the development of these projects. It is necessary that the studies consider the context of functioning, as well as the changes and interorganizational relationships established by the projects over time. Considering these issues, it is believed that approximations between projects and traditional organizations can occur, even if community characteristics are maintained.Alternate abstract:Este trabalho objetivou entender o que s\\&atilde;o projetos de\\&\\#xa0;software\\&\\#xa0;livre comunit\\&aacute;rios e quais caracter\\&iacute;sticas de governan\\&ccedil;a (estrutura e controle) que os diferenciam das organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais, trazendo reflex\\&otilde;es sobre esse modelo de neg\\&oacute;cio. Foi realizada revis\\&atilde;o de literatura que delineou as principais percep\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es dos estudos no tema, bem como pesquisa explorat\\&oacute;ria qualitativa, envolvendo an\\&aacute;lise documental e entrevistas com quatro participantes brasileiros que atuam na gest\\&atilde;o de projetos distintos. A pesquisa explorat\\&oacute;ria tratou-se de contato preliminar com o campo investigado, para tornar os argumentos trazidos mais robustos. Dentre as reflex\\&otilde;es, observa-se que mesmo sendo poss\\&iacute;vel distinguir os projetos de\\&\\#xa0;software\\&\\#xa0;livre comunit\\&aacute;rios das organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais, um fator crucial nem sempre considerado refere-se \\&agrave;s transforma\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es decorrentes do desenvolvimento desses projetos. \\&Eacute; preciso que os estudos considerem o contexto de funcionamento, bem como as mudan\\&ccedil;as e relacionamentos interorganizacionais estabelecidos pelos projetos ao longo do tempo. Consideradas essas quest\\&otilde;es, acredita-se que aproxima\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es dos projetos com as organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais possam acontecer, ainda que caracter\\&iacute;sticas comunit\\&aacute;rias sejam mantidas.",10.15728/bbr.2021.18.3.6
1535,InProceedings,Organizational Readiness Assessment for Open Source Software Adoption,"Open Source Software (OSS) is probably, the most iconic implementation   of Open Innovation business paradigm, due its capacity to concentrate   both technical benefits and business advantages. Over time,   organizations face the OSS adoption challenge strengthening mainly its   internal and technical elements. However, the rapid changes on business   dynamics, and the comprehensiveness and fast development of open   paradigms, show us that a new set of conditions must be satisfied to   reach a successfully OSS adoption. These conditions, considered as a   critical success factors, involve a wide range of resources, capacities   and skills, both in internal and external scopes. Hence, although   adopter organizations should be better prepared to face the challenges   related to collaborative innovation, they do not have a systematic   approach to value its readiness level to face the adoption challenges.   In this context, the present research work proposes a model to assess   the organizational readiness, considering the adopter as part of a live   business ecosystem, where the relationships originated on co-development   with developers' communities, have mutual business impact at strategic,   tactic, and operative level.",10.5220/0010497008000807
1537,Article,Organização de {Projetos} de {Software} {Livre} e de {Código} {Aberto}: {Entre} a {Comunidade} e a {Governança} {Tradicional},"Este trabalho objetivou entender o que s\\&atilde;o projetos de software livre comunit\\&aacute;rios e quais caracter\\&iacute;sticas de governan\\&ccedil;a (estrutura e controle) que os diferenciam das organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais, trazendo reflex\\&otilde;es sobre esse modelo de neg\\&oacute;cio. Foi realizada revis\\&atilde;o de literatura que delineou as principais percep\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es dos estudos no tema, bem como pesquisa explorat\\&oacute;ria qualitativa, envolvendo an\\&aacute;lise documental e entrevistas com quatro participantes brasileiros que atuam na gest\\&atilde;o de projetos distintos. A pesquisa explorat\\&oacute;ria tratou-se de contato preliminar com o campo investigado, para tornar os argumentos trazidos mais robustos. Dentre as reflex\\&otilde;es, observa-se que mesmo sendo poss\\&iacute;vel distinguir os projetos de software livre comunit\\&aacute;rios das organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais, um fator crucial nem sempre considerado refere-se \\&agrave;s transforma\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es decorrentes do desenvolvimento desses projetos. \\&Eacute; preciso que os estudos considerem o contexto de funcionamento, bem como as mudan\\&ccedil;as e relacionamentos interorganizacionais estabelecidos pelos projetos ao longo do tempo. Consideradas essas quest\\&otilde;es, acredita-se que aproxima\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es dos projetos com as organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es tradicionais possam acontecer, ainda que caracter\\&iacute;sticas comunit\\&aacute;rias sejam mantidas.Alternate abstract:This work aimed to understand what community-based free software projects are and what governance characteristics (structure and control) differentiate them from traditional organizations, thus spurring further reflections on this business model. A literature review was conducted to outline the main perceptions on this topic, as well as qualitative exploratory research, involving documentary analysis and interviews with four Brazilian participants who work in the management of projects.. The exploratory research was a preliminary contact with the investigated field to make the arguments presented more reliable. Among the reflections, it is observed that even though it is possible to distinguish community-based free software projects from traditional organizations, a crucial factor not always considered are the transformations resulting from the development of these projects. It is necessary that the studies consider the context of functioning, as well as the changes and interorganizational relationships established by the projects over time. Considering these issues, it is believed that approximations between projects and traditional organizations can occur, even if community characteristics are maintained.",10.15728/bbr.2021.18.3.6
1538,Article,Participation in community-based free/libre open source software   development tasks: the impact of task characteristics,"Purpose - This paper explores how task characteristics in terms of   trigger type and task topic influence individual participation in   community-based free/libre open source software (FLOSS) development by   considering participation in individual tasks rather than entire   projects.   Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative study was designed using   choose tasks that were carried out via the email discourse on the   developers' email fora in five FLOSS projects. Choice process episodes   were selected as the unit of analysis and were coded for the task   trigger and topic. The impact of these factors on participation (i.e.   the numbers of participants and messages) was assessed by regression.   Findings - The results reveal differences in participation related to   different task triggers and task topics. Further, the results suggest   the mediating role of the number of participants in the relationships   between task characteristics and the number of messages. The authors   also speculate that project type serves as a boundary condition   restricting the impacts of task characteristics on the number of   participants and propose this relationship for future research.   Research limitations/implications - Empirical support was provided to   the important effects of different task characteristics on individual   participation behaviors in FLOSS development tasks.   Practical implications - The findings can help FLOSS participants   understand participation patterns in different tasks and choose the   types of tasks to attend to.   Originality/value - This research explores the impact of task   characteristics on participation in FLOSS development at the task level,   while prior research on participation in FLOSS development has focused   mainly on factors at the individual and/or project levels.",10.1108/INTR-03-2020-0112
1540,Article,Patient's perception of recovery after osteotome-mediated sinus floor   elevation with Bio-Oss collagen compared with no grafting material: a   randomized single-blinded controlled trial,"Background Osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with or without a   grafting material is associated with high implant survival, intrasinus   bone gain, and low frequency of complications. However, patient's   perception of recovery and satisfaction with the surgical intervention   are rarely reported. The objective of the present randomized controlled   trial was to assess patient's perception of recovery after   osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with Bio-Oss collagen compared   with no grafting material. Forty healthy patients were randomly   allocated to Bio-Oss collagen or no grafting material. Oral   health-related quality of life was assessed by Oral Health Impact   Profile-14 at enrollment. Patient's perception of recovery was assessed   by self-administrated questionnaires and visual analog scale evaluating   pain, social and working isolation, physical appearance, duration and   quality of life alterations, eating and speaking ability, diet   variations, and sleep impairment after 1 week and 1 month, respectively.   Descriptive statistics was expressed as mean percentage with standard   deviation. Correlation between impaired oral health-related quality of   life, age, gender, and recovery were assessed by T test. Level of   significance was 0.05. Results Osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation   is associated with high patient satisfaction, limited postoperative   discomfort, and willingness to undergo similar surgery. Influence on   patient's daily life activities seems to be minimal and limited to the   first postoperative days. Most patients managed to return to work and   their routine daily activities after 0-2 days. Impaired preoperative   oral health-related quality of life, gender, or younger age seems not to   predispose for delayed recovery. However, number of days with pain,   eating difficulties, and sleep disturbances were significantly increased   with Bio-Oss collagen compared with no grafting material (P<0.05).   Conclusion Patient's discomfort seems to be minimal and limited to the   first postoperative days following osteotome-mediated sinus floor   elevation with or without a grafting material. Impaired preoperative   oral health-related quality of life, gender, or younger age seems not to   predispose for delayed recovery.",10.1186/s40729-021-00302-5
1541,InProceedings,Please Don't Go - A Comprehensive Approach to Increase Women's   Participation in Open Source Software,"Women represent less than 24\\% of employees in the software development   industry and experience various types of prejudice and bias. Despite   various efforts to increase diversity and multi-gendered participation,   women are even more under-represented in Open Source Software (OSS)   projects. In my PhD, I investigate the following question: How can OSS   communities increase women's participation in their projects? I will   identify different OSS career pathways and develop a holistic view of   women's motivations to join or leave OSS, as well as their definitions   of success. Based on this empirical investigation, I will work together   with the Linux Foundation to design attraction and retention strategies   focused on women. Before and after implementing the strategies, I will   conduct empirical studies to evaluate the state of the practice and   understand the implications of the strategies.",10.1109/ICSE-Companion52605.2021.00131
1543,InProceedings,Please Don't Go - Increasing Women's Participation in Open Source   Software,"Women represent less than 24\\% of the software development industry and   suffer from various types of prejudice and biases. In Open Source   Software projects, despite a variety of efforts to increase diversity   and multi-gendered participation, women are even more underrepresented   (less than 10\\%). My research focuses on answering the question: How can   OSS communities increase women's participation in OSS projects? I will   identify the different OSS career pathways, and develop a holistic view   of women's motivations to join or leave OSS, along with their   definitions of success. Based on this empirical investigation, I will   work together with the Linux Foundation to design attraction and   retention strategies focused on women. Before and after implementing the   strategies, I will conduct empirical studies to evaluate the state of   the practice and understand the implications of the strategies.",10.1109/ICSE-Companion52605.2021.00059
1549,Article,PorePy: an open-source software for simulation of multiphysics processes   in fractured porous media,"Development of models and dedicated numerical methods for dynamics in   fractured rocks is an active research field, with research moving   towards increasingly advanced process couplings and complex fracture   networks. The inclusion of coupled processes in simulation models is   challenged by the high aspect ratio of the fractures, the complex   geometry of fracture networks, and the crucial impact of processes that   completely change characteristics on the fracture-rock interface. This   paper provides a general discussion of design principles for introducing   fractures in simulators, and defines a framework for integrated   modeling, discretization, and computer implementation. The framework is   implemented in the open-source simulation software PorePy, which can   serve as a flexible prototyping tool for multiphysics problems in   fractured rocks. Based on a representation of the fractures and their   intersections as lower-dimensional objects, we discuss data structures   for mixed-dimensional grids, formulation of multiphysics problems, and   discretizations that utilize existing software. We further present   aPythonimplementation of these concepts in the PorePy open-source   software tool, which is aimed at coupled simulation of flow and   transport in three-dimensional fractured reservoirs as well as   deformation of fractures and the reservoir in general. We present   validation by benchmarks for flow, poroelasticity, and fracture   deformation in porous media. The flexibility of the framework is then   illustrated by simulations of non-linearly coupled flow and transport   and of injection-driven deformation of fractures. All results can be   reproduced by openly available simulation scripts.",10.1007/s10596-020-10002-5
1550,InProceedings,Power Relations Within an Open Source Software Ecosystem,"Context: Relationships within open-source software ecosystems (OSSECO)   emerge from the collaboration within the ecosystem. Power relations are   present in this context whenever an entity has the power of making other   entities act as it wants them to act. Therefore, these power relations   could affect collaboration within an OSSECO. Objective: This research   aims at investigating power relations, their benefits and challenges,   and providing an understanding of them within OSSECO. The goal is to   provide power relations forms description together with the power   relations dynamics associated with them. Method: A systematic mapping   study was conducted to extract information about power relations (forms,   dynamics, benefits, and challenges) from previous studies. At the end,   10 studies reporting power relations within OSSECO were selected. Next,   the data extracted from those was analyzed to understand what power   relations affect the OSSECO and how this happens. Based on the results,   the power relation forms and dynamics within OSSECO are defined.   Results: The systematic mapping study show that power relations are   present and affect relationships and interactions within an OSSECO.   Moreover, 5 power relations forms and 7 power relations dynamics within   OSSECO are presented. Implications: Identifying power relations that   might be present within an OSSECO would enable those who study or are   members of the ecosystem's community to enhance power relations that   support collaboration and to avoid those who can lead developers to   leave the OSSECO.",10.1007/978-3-030-91983-2\\_14
1551,InProceedings,Pre-editor: Free software to support collaborative processes to improve   Open Street Map,"Nowadays digital maps are a basic tool for decision making. Map making   is not an objective process, organizations, institutions and big tech   companies reproduce their own interests and biases in the map. Open   Street Map (OSM) is a repository containing open geospatial data   contributed by millions of people around the globe. With OSM data is   possible to create maps that don't reproduce interests of a few, and   also, by being open source, it allows auditing on how a decision was   made. Although OSM is a free participation platform, it has some   socio-technical characteristics that make it difficult for volunteers to   participate in geospatial data capture and editing processes. This paper   offers a functional prototype developed as free software to counteract   these difficulties.",10.1109/JoCICI54528.2021.9794355
1552,Article,"Precision Agriculture Workflow, from Data Collection to Data Management   Using FOSS Tools: An Application in Northern Italy Vineyard","In the past decades, technology-based agriculture, also known as   Precision Agriculture (PA) or smart farming, has grown, developing new   technologies and innovative tools to manage data for the whole   agricultural processes. In this framework, geographic information, and   spatial data and tools such as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and   multispectral optical sensors play a crucial role in the geomatics as   support techniques. PA needs software to store and process spatial data   and the Free and Open Software System (FOSS) community kept pace with   PA's needs: several FOSS software tools have been developed for data   gathering, analysis, and restitution. The adoption of FOSS solutions,   WebGIS platforms, open databases, and spatial data infrastructure to   process and store spatial and nonspatial acquired data helps to share   information among different actors with user-friendly solutions.   Nevertheless, a comprehensive open-source platform that, besides   processing UAV data, allows directly storing, visualising, sharing, and   querying the final results and the related information does not exist.   Indeed, today, the PA's data elaboration and management with a FOSS   approach still require several different software tools. Moreover,   although some commercial solutions presented platforms to support   management in PA activities, none of these present a complete workflow   including data from acquisition phase to processed and stored   information. In this scenario, the paper aims to provide UAV and PA   users with a FOSS-replicable methodology that can fit farming   activities' operational and management needs. Therefore, this work   focuses on developing a totally FOSS workflow to visualise, process,   analyse, and manage PA data. In detail, a multidisciplinary approach is   adopted for creating an operative web-sharing tool able to manage Very   High Resolution (VHR) agricultural multispectral-derived information   gathered by UAV systems. A vineyard in Northern Italy is used as an   example to show the workflow of data generation and the data structure   of the web tool. A UAV survey was carried out using a six-band   multispectral camera and the data were elaborated through the Structure   from Motion (SfM) technique, resulting in 3 cm resolution orthophoto. A   supervised classifier identified the phenological stage of under-row   weeds and the rows with a 95\\% overall accuracy. Then, a set of   GIS-developed algorithms allowed Individual Tree Detection (ITD) and   spectral indices for monitoring the plant-based phytosanitary   conditions. A spatial data structure was implemented to gather the data   at canopy scale. The last step of the workflow concerned publishing data   in an interactive 3D webGIS, allowing users to update the spatial   database. The webGIS can be operated from web browsers and desktop GIS.   The final result is a shared open platform obtained with nonproprietary   software that can store data of different sources and scales.",10.3390/ijgi10040236
1553,InProceedings,Profiles of Schema Evolution in Free Open Source Software Projects,"In this paper, we present the findings of a large study of the evolution   of the schema of 195 Free Open Source Software projects. We identify   families of evolutionary behaviors, or taxa, in FOSS projects. A large   percentage of the projects demonstrate very few, if any, actions of   schema evolution. Two other taxa involve the evolution via focused   actions, with either a single focused maintenance action, or a large   percentage of evolution activity grouped in no more than a couple   interventions. Schema evolution also involves moderate, and active   evolution, with very different volumes of updates to the schema. To the   best of our knowledge, this is the first study of this kind in the area   of schema evolution, both in terms of presenting profiles of how   schemata evolve, and, in terms of the dataset magnitude and the   generalizability of the findings.",10.1109/ICDE51399.2021.00008
1554,Article,Project leaders as boundary spanners in open source software   development: A resource dependence perspective,"Digital social innovation is important for addressing various social   needs, especially from those who are economically disadvantaged. For   instance, open source software (OSS) is developed by mass collaboration   on digital communities to provide software users free alternatives to   commercial products. OSS is particularly valuable to meet the needs of   numerous disadvantaged users for whom proprietary software is not   affordable. While OSS projects are lack of formal organizational   structure, project leaders play a significant role in initiating and   managing these projects and eventually, influencing the degree to which   the developed software is used and liked by users. Drawing on resource   dependence theory, we investigate the impacts of two team-level   characteristics of OSS project leaders (ie, size and tenure) on how well   the developed software can address users' needs, with regard to the   quantity of software being used by users and the quality of software to   users' satisfaction. Further, from a resource dependence perspective, we   examine the moderating role of project leaders' network ties in shaping   the contingency of these effects. By using a large-scale dataset from 43   048 OSS development projects in SourceForge community, we find empirical   evidence corroborating our theory. Taken together, our findings suggest   the boundary-spanning role of project leaders in developing digital   social innovation.",10.1111/isj.12313
1556,Article,"Public Works Heritage 3D Model Digitisation, Optimisation and   Dissemination with Free and Open-Source Software and Platforms and   Low-Cost Tools","This paper describes an innovative, accessible, and sustainable method   for enhancing cultural heritage. Documenting and disseminating the   public works heritage have now come of age, digitally speaking, with the   adoption of new technologies both to further research on and heighten   the esteem attributed to the public works heritage. Nonetheless,   academic discourse rarely describes procedures for the 3D digitisation   of heritage works comprehensible to non-expert readers with limited   resources. Taking that premise as a starting point, with special   attention to the determinants of the public works heritage, this article   aims to define the general, open-source methodology covering 3D model   data capture, information processing and optimisation. The article also   discusses model dissemination strategies using free platforms and   low-cost tools. The general discussion is illustrated with the case   study of Ariza Bridge in Spain. This Renaissance-style structure dates   from the second half of the sixteenth century. Despite its listing as a   cultural heritage asset, the monument was flooded by the Giribaile   reservoir waters in 1998 and is now only wholly visible during droughts.   The application, developed with open-source software and implemented   with free platforms and low-cost tools, features geo-referencing and is   designed to be accessible to non-expert users. The methodology proposed   is intended as a suitable instrument for the sustainable study,   valorisation and dissemination of the built heritage.",10.3390/su132313020
1559,Article,Quantitative Analysis of <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Growth Rate using   Live Microscopy and Open-Source Software,"It is well established that colony growth of filamentous fungi, mostly   dependent on changes in hyphae/mycelia apical growth rate, is   macroscopically estimated on solidified media by comparing colony size.   However, to quantitatively measure the growth rate of genetically   different fungal strains or strains under different environmental/growth   conditions (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources, antibiotics,   etc.) is challenging. Thus, the pursuit of complementary approaches to   quantify growth kinetics becomes mandatory in order to better understand   fungal cell growth. Furthermore, it is well-known that filamentous   fungi, including Aspergillus spp., have distinct modes of growth and   differentiation under sub-aerial conditions on solid media or submerged   cultures. Here, we detail a quantitative microscopic method for   analyzing growth kinetics of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans,   using live imaging in both submerged cultures and solid media. We   capture images, analyze, and quantify growth rates of different fungal   strains in a reproducible and reliable manner using an open source, free   software for bio-images (e.g., Fiji), in a way that does not require any   prior image analysis expertise from the user.",10.3791/62778
1560,Article,Quantitative structure?property relationships for the calculation of the   soil adsorption coefficient using machine learning algorithms with   calculated chemical properties from open-source software,"The soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) is an environmental fate parameter   that is essential for environmental risk assessment. However, obtaining   Koc requires a significant amount of time and enormous expenditure.   Thus, it is necessary to efficiently estimate Koc in the early stages of   a chemical?s development. In this study, a quantitative   structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was developed using   calculated physicochemical properties and molecular descriptors with the   OPEn structure-activity/property Relationship App (OPERA) and Mordred   software using the largest available Koc dataset. Specifically, we   compared the accuracies of the model using the light gradient boosted   machine (LightGBM), a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm,   with those of previous models. The experimental results suggested the   potential to develop a QSPR model that will produce highly accurate Koc   values using molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties.   Unlike previous studies, the use of a combination of LightGBM, OPERA and   Mordred enables the prediction of Koc for many chemicals with high   accuracy. In this study, OPERA was used to calculate the physicochemical   properties, and Mordred was used to calculate molecular descriptors. The   wide range of chemicals covered by OPERA and Mordred enables the   analysis of a diverse range of chemical compounds. We also report a   method to tune the LightBGM program. The use of fast-processing   software, such as LightGBM, enables parameter tuning of a method   required to obtain best performance. Our research represents one of the   few studies in the field of environmental chemistry to use LightGBM.   Using physicochemical properties as well as molecular descriptors, we   could develop highly accurate Koc prediction models when compared to   prior studies. In addition, our QSPR models may be useful for   preliminary environmental risk assessment without incurring significant   costs during the early chemical developmental stage.",10.1016/j.envres.2020.110363
1561,InProceedings,Realizing 5G Network Slicing Provisioning with Open Source Software,"5G has gradually been commercialized in countries around the world, but   for most telecom companies, network slicing is still in the development   stage and has not been applied to appropriate scenarios. Automated   provisioning of network slicing is even more challenging for   development. The purpose of this research is to implement a complete,   open source, and automatically deployable 5G network slicing   architecture. We use OpenStack as the platform required to realize   virtualization, Tacker module for slicing environment deployment,   free5GC as the core network of the 5G system, and UERANSIM as the role   of simulating UE and gNB. Through the proposed architecture, an   automatic slicing service with specific functions can be created, the   slice can be registered into the 5G network with the support of the core   network, and the simulated UE can be used to connect the related slice.   Experimental results show that the proposed open-source-based   architecture is feasible and the QoS is guaranteed for each slice.",NA
1562,InProceedings,Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software,"Background: Accurate representation of developer expertise has always   been an important research problem. While a number of studies proposed   novel methods of representing expertise within individual projects,   these methods are difficult to apply at an ecosystem level. However,   with the focus of software development shifting from monolithic to   modular, a method of representing developers' expertise in the context   of the entire OSS development becomes necessary when, for example, a   project tries to find new maintainers and look for developers with   relevant skills. Aim: We aim to address this knowledge gap by proposing   and constructing the Skill Space where each API, developer, and project   is represented and postulate how the topology of this space should   reflect what developers know (and projects need). Method: we use the   World of Code infrastructure to extract the complete set of APIs in the   files changed by open source developers and, based on that data, employ   Doc2Vec embeddings for vector representations of APIs, developers, and   projects. We then evaluate if these embeddings reflect the postulated   topology of the Skill Space by predicting what new APIs/projects   developers use/join, and whether or not their pull requests get   accepted. We also check how the developers' representations in the Skill   Space align with their self-reported API expertise. Result: Our results   suggest that the proposed embeddings in the Skill Space appear to   satisfy the postulated topology and we hope that such representations   may aid in the construction of signals that increase trust (and   efficiency) of open source ecosystems at large and may aid   investigations of other phenomena related to developer proficiency and   learning.",10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00094
1564,Article,Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams: Open-Source Software to   Process Data Collected With Mobile Devices,"Smartphone and wearable devices are widely used in behavioral and   clinical research to collect longitudinal data that, along with ground   truth data, are used to create models of human behavior. Mobile sensing   researchers often program data processing and analysis code from scratch   even though many research teams collect data from similar mobile   sensors, platforms, and devices. This leads to significant inefficiency   in not being able to replicate and build on others' work, inconsistency   in quality of code and results, and lack of transparency when code is   not shared alongside publications. We provide an overview of   Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams (RAPIDS), a reproducible   pipeline to standardize the preprocessing, feature extraction, analysis,   visualization, and reporting of data streams coming from mobile sensors.   RAPIDS is formed by a group of R and Python scripts that are executed on   top of reproducible virtual environments, orchestrated by a workflow   management system, and organized following a consistent file structure   for data science projects. We share open source, documented, extensible   and tested code to preprocess, extract, and visualize behavioral   features from data collected with any Android or iOS smartphone sensing   app as well as Fitbit and Empatica wearable devices. RAPIDS allows   researchers to process mobile sensor data in a rigorous and reproducible   way. This saves time and effort during the data analysis phase of a   project and facilitates sharing analysis workflows alongside   publications.",10.3389/fdgth.2021.769823
1565,InProceedings,Review of using Open Source Software for SOC for education purposes - a   case study,"At present, information security solutions and suitably trained experts   with practical experience have a key role to play. Due to the   covid-pandemic, people's tasks without physical contact came to the   fore, and remote work became more valuable. At the same time, the number   of cyber-attacks has suddenly increased, not even sparing hospitals. The   aim of this article is to present how to prepare recent security   professionals and future experts for work based on SOC implementation   and operation from on threat modeling through applying higher quality   Information Security solutions. We use open source software environment   as prototype. The goal with SOC based on open source software is to   demonstrate the perception of a possible cyberattack, in addition, we   present the possibility of using it even in enterprise environment.   Basically, by applying this direction for training and education   purposes, we achieve experts with comprehensive knowledge on newer type   of attacks and defense capabilities while they able to apply quick and   even risk-proportionate solutions to challenges. A sufficiently in-depth   knowledge of an Open source-based SOC solution for educational purposes   helps them prepare for the optimal handling of cyber security threats   and facilitate the acquisition of in-depth information in the field of   Information Security.",10.1109/INES52918.2021.9512928
1566,Article,RhizoVision Explorer: open-source software for root image analysis and   measurement standardization,"Roots are central to the function of natural and agricultural ecosystems   by driving plant acquisition of soil resources and influencing the   carbon cycle. Root characteristics like length, diameter and volume are   critical to measure to understand plant and soil functions. RhizoVision   Explorer is an open-source software designed to enable researchers   interested in roots by providing an easy-to-use interface, fast image   processing and reliable measurements. The default broken roots mode is   intended for roots sampled from pots and soil cores, washed and   typically scanned on a flatbed scanner, and provides measurements like   length, diameter and volume. The optional whole root mode for complete   root systems or root crowns provides additional measurements such as   angles, root depth and convex hull. Both modes support providing   measurements grouped by defined diameter ranges, the inclusion of   multiple regions of interest and batch analysis. RhizoVision Explorer   was successfully validated against ground truth data using a new copper   wire image set. In comparison, the current reference software, the   commercial WinRhizo (TM), drastically underestimated volume when wires   of different diameters were in the same image. Additionally,   measurements were compared with WinRhizo (TM) and IJ\\_Rhizo using a   simulated root image set, showing general agreement in software   measurements, except for root volume. Finally, scanned root image sets   acquired in different labs for the crop, herbaceous and tree species   were used to compare results from RhizoVision Explorer with WinRhizo   (TM). The two software showed general agreement, except that WinRhizo   (TM) substantially underestimated root volume relative to RhizoVision   Explorer. In the current context of rapidly growing interest in root   science, RhizoVision Explorer intends to become a reference software,   improve the overall accuracy and replicability of root trait   measurements and provide a foundation for collaborative improvement and   reliable access to all.",10.1093/aobpla/plab056
1568,Article,SIRT6-specific inhibitor OSS-128167 exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy   by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,"Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes,   which importantly contributes to the increased mortality of patients   with diabetes. The development of DCM is accompanied by numerous   pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress and chronic   inflammation. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the   effects of the sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) inhibitor OSS-128167 on DCM using a   mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and high glucose   (HG)-treated cardiomyocytes. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally   injected with STZ for 5 days to simulate the diabetic cardiomyopathy   model. Mice with STZ-induced diabetes (STZ-DM1) were orally administered   OSS-128167 (20 or 50 mg/kg) through gavage every other day. The   expression of SIRT6 in myocardial tissue was detected using western   blotting. Tissue staining (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome)   was used to characterize myocardial structure, TUNEL fluorescent   staining was used to detect myocardial apoptosis, and   immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of   inflammatory factors in myocardial tissue. Dihydroethidium staining and   a malondialdehyde (MDA) detection kit were used to detect the oxidative   stress levels in myocardial tissues. In vitro, H9c2 cells were   pre-incubated with OSS-128167 for 1 h and then stimulated with HG (33   mM) for various durations. Expression levels of fibrosis markers,   collagen-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, apoptosis-related   proteins, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase, tumor   necrosis factor-alpha and the oxidative stress metabolite,   3-nitrotyrosine were analyzed using western blotting and reverse   transcription-quantitative PCR. Commercially available kits were used to   detect the activity of caspase-3 and the content of MDA in the H9c2 cell   line. The corresponding results demonstrated that OSS-128167 aggravated   diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis in mice.   Mechanistically, OSS-128167 was revealed to increase the levels of   inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in   vivo. In conclusion, OSS-128167 facilitated the inflammatory response   and promoted the production of ROS while aggravating DCM development.   These findings indicated that SIRT6 may target two closely combined and   interacting pathological processes, the inflammatory response and   oxidative stress, and may serve as a potentially advantageous   therapeutic target.",10.3892/mmr.2021.12006
1569,InProceedings,Sharing of experience in the organization of distance exams within   African universities in the context of Covid-19: case of the Central   School of Free Software and Telecommunications of Dakar,"In this article we propose a platform for organizing online exams while   minimizing the possibility of cheating by students. To do so, we have   implemented a three-part algorithm to validate the exam topics, organize   the mock exams and conduct the actual exam. The exams were offered in   the form of Multiple Choice Questionnaires (MCQs) and Open Questions in   a proportion of 75\\% and 25\\%. The tests should not exceed 1 hour and 30   minutes of composition. Control of the student's screen is achieved   through the combination of VPN WireGuard and Apache Guacamole. Access to   this platform allows students to have a complete and secure remote   course and exam environment. The teacher will have full control of the   students' computers remotely and will have an overview of the student's   composing environment through his or her webcam. Through the   configuration of the school's Domain Name System (DNS) we use the   WireGuard VPN server to filter all the sites and leave only the school's   sites available to the students when composing the exams.",10.1109/EDUCON46332.2021.9453847
1570,InProceedings,Structural Analysis of Collaboration Network in OSS Communities∗,"The success of open-source software (OSS) depends on the self-organizing collaboration of developers and the structure of developer collaboration network are intensively investigated in the literature. However, the research on the relationship between network structure and developers’ contribution is still insufficient. This paper investigates developer collaboration networks in three OSS communities by data analytics. The results indicate that real networks are mainly characterized by the modular small-world structure, which is inherently correlated with the sub-project participation of developers. Most module members are single-dimensional developers whose coding-collaboration focuses on a small number of sub-projects (called the main dimension of the module), while a small proportion of module members are multi-dimensional developers who conduct coding-collaboration in the main dimension of different modules. These results may deepen our understandings of the collaborative pattern of OSS communities, and also have some reference value for the studies of open collaborative innovation in large-scale crowds.",10.1145/3478905.3478923
1572,Article,Structure-based drug design of an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)   main protease using free software: A tutorial for students and   scientists,"This paper describes the structure-based design of a preliminary drug   candidate against COVID-19 using free software and publicly available   X-ray crystallographic structures. The goal of this tutorial is to   disseminate skills in structure-based drug design and to allow others to   unleash their own creativity to design new drugs to fight the current   pandemic. The tutorial begins with the X-ray crystallographic structure   of the main protease (M-pro) of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) bound to   a peptide substrate and then uses the UCSF Chimera software to modify   the substrate to create a cyclic peptide inhibitor within the M-pro   active site. Finally, the tutorial uses the molecular docking software   AutoDock Vina to show the interaction of the cyclic peptide inhibitor   with both SARS-CoV M-pro and the highly homologous SARS-CoV-2 M-pro. The   supporting information provides an illustrated step-by-step protocol, as   well as a video showing the inhibitor design process, to help readers   design their own drug candidates for COVID-19 and the coronaviruses that   will cause future pandemics. An accompanying preprint in bioRxiv   {[}https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.234872] describes the synthesis of   the cyclic peptide and the experimental validation as an inhibitor of   SARS-CoV-2 M-pro. (c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113390
1573,InProceedings,Support for Broadening Participation though Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software,The necessity and benefits of broadening participation in computing and the roles that computing programs must play in addressing this challenge have been well documented. Elevating the social value of computing has been advocated as an approach to increasing the appeal of computing to both women and other underrepresented groups. This poster adds empirical support for that approach. It reports on the analysis of projects selected by students over four years of a two-semester senior capstone. In this capstone students select Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities with which to engage. The students learned about FOSS principles and processes and were introduced to humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS). They completed pre-semester surveys and engaged in a three-stage project selection process. The types of projects that students considered (FOSS or HFOSS) support the assertion that computing with social value is appealing to both females and students in underrepresented groups. Analysis of pre-semester attitude surveys adds additional insight and suggests further avenues for investigation.,10.1145/3408877.3439629
1574,Article,Task-based structures in open source software: revisiting the onion   model,"Studies on Open Source Software (OSS) developer communities have long   stated that there is a relationship between community structure and   tasks carried out by project members. This relationship has been   exemplified by the onion model, which has been instrumental in   understanding self-coordination in OSS projects. Despite its ubiquity,   there is a lack of empirical evidence to validate the relative position   of each task cluster within the onion model. In this study, we map out   the community structure of a large open source project and observe its   bug-fixing patterns to explore the relationship between tasks and   structure. Our study makes three significant contributions. First, we   find no empirical evidence to support the structural location of   bug-fixing tasks in the onion structure. Second, we find empirical   evidence to support the core-periphery continuum model linking an   actor'scorenessto problem-solving ability. Third, our results suggest   that the importance and location of each task within the core-periphery   structure evolve over time. These findings add clarity to the community   structure and their implications for the management and coordination of   collaborative innovation projects.",10.1111/radm.12428
1576,InProceedings,The Challenges of Open Source Software Alternatives,"Developing an Open Source Software application is a challenge. Mainly   because there are commercial alternatives that have an army of expert   developers behind them, experienced supporters and wellestablished   business processes in their development and promotion. Nevertheless,   web-based applications, that securely handle the users' personal data   are an area of freedom and ease of use, features that make such   applications very attractive. The ``ease-of-use{''} part is very hard to   achieve, for the developers and the end-users. Dependencies change often   in OSS packages, so the fear that something breaks is always around the   corner.   If the application looks attractive, additional user requirements fall   like rain. This poses a problem of continuity, maintenance and   operational quality of the packages. In this paper and presentation we   shall share our experience in building such a tool, using   https://cern.ch/slides, as a showcase and a learning exercise. We shall   describe what was available, what was missing, how it was put together,   how much effort it took, and what was achieved.",10.1051/epjconf/202125101003
1577,Article,"The ImageJ ecosystem: Open-source software for image visualization,   processing, and analysis","For decades, biologists have relied on software to visualize and   interpret imaging data. As techniques for acquiring images increase in   complexity, resulting in larger multidimensional datasets, imaging   software must adapt. ImageJ is an open-source image analysis software   platform that has aided researchers with a variety of image analysis   applications, driven mainly by engaged and collaborative user and   developer communities. The close collaboration between programmers and   users has resulted in adaptations to accommodate new challenges in image   analysis that address the needs of ImageJ's diverse user base. ImageJ   consists of many components, some relevant primarily for developers and   a vast collection of user-centric plugins. It is available in many   forms, including the widely used Fiji distribution. We refer to this   entire ImageJ codebase and community as the ImageJ ecosystem. Here we   review the core features of this ecosystem and highlight how ImageJ has   responded to imaging technology advancements with new plugins and tools   in recent years. These plugins and tools have been developed to address   user needs in several areas such as visualization, segmentation, and   tracking of biological entities in large, complex datasets. Moreover,   new capabilities for deep learning are being added to ImageJ, reflecting   a shift in the bioimage analysis community towards exploiting artificial   intelligence. These new tools have been facilitated by profound   architectural changes to the ImageJ core brought about by the ImageJ2   project. Therefore, we also discuss the contributions of ImageJ2 to   enhancing multidimensional image processing and interoperability in the   ImageJ ecosystem.",10.1002/pro.3993
1578,Article,The Labor of Maintaining and Scaling Free and Open-Source Software Projects,"Free and/or open-source software (or F/OSS) projects now play a major and dominant role in society, constituting critical digital infrastructure relied upon by companies, academics, non-profits, activists, and more. As F/OSS has become larger and more established, we investigate the labor of maintaining and sustaining those projects at various scales. We report findings from an interview-based study with contributors and maintainers working in a wide range of F/OSS projects. Maintainers of F/OSS projects do not just maintain software code in a more traditional software engineering understanding of the term: fixing bugs, patching security vulnerabilities, and updating dependencies. F/OSS maintainers also perform complex and often-invisible interpersonal and organizational work to keep their projects operating as active communities of users and contributors. We particularly focus on how this labor of maintaining and sustaining changes as projects and their software grow and scale across many dimensions. In understanding F/OSS to be as much about maintaining a communal project as it is maintaining software code, we discuss broadly applicable considerations for peer production communities and other socio-technical systems more broadly.",10.1145/3449249
1580,Article,The Long Road Ahead: Ongoing Challenges in Contributing to Large OSS Organizations and What to Do,"Open source communities hosted in large foundations operate in a complex socio-technical ecosystem, which includes a heterogeneous mix of projects and stakeholders. Previous work has thus far investigated the challenges faced in OSS communities from the point of view of specific stakeholders, primarily at the level of individual projects. None have yet studied the challenges faced within a large, federated open source organization. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap to identify ongoing challenges contributors face in a mature OSS organization. To do so, we surveyed 624 contributors at the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) and ran 11 semi-structured follow up interviews. We validated our findings through member checking with the interviewees as well as the ASF Diversity and Inclusion (D&amp;I) committee. The contributions of this paper include: (1) an empirically-evidenced conceptual model of the 88 challenges that contributors face in a mature OSS foundation and (2) a set of 48 community-recommended strategies for alleviating these challenges. Our results show that even well-established and mature organizations still face a variety of individual and project-specific challenges and that it is difficult to design a comprehensive set of processes and guidelines to match the needs and expectations of a diverse and large federated community. Our conceptual challenges model and associated strategies to mitigate them can provide guidance to other OSS foundations and projects helping them in building better support processes and tools to create a successful, thriving community of contributors.",10.1145/3479551
1581,Article,The Role of Open Source Software to Create Digital Libraries and   Standards Assessment,"Open-source software developments are basically Internet-based   communities that voluntarily collaborate in developing software on the   Internet and such Internet communities have become an important cultural   and economic phenomenon. As a result, the emergence of open-source   software has presented a challenge to the traditional offerings by   providing free alternatives. The objective of this article is to review   the possibility of the adoption of open source software in the creation   of digital libraries, highlights advantages and disadvantage   preservations. Among our objective also explaining the request of such   software at the present time and the criteria evaluated in the digital   preservation through surveying the best open source software from the   reality of intellectual production, and standards that are being built   to evaluate and choose what software to create a digital library without   other software available. To achieve the above objectives, we shed the   light on the top 11 open-source software to manage Libraries in addition   to standards that may represent the basic building block for the   selection of the appropriate systems to the needs of the digital   library. This article relied on the descriptive approach by reviewing a   series of studies and scientific research works related to the subject   of the current study. Accordingly, the most prominent of the findings of   this work is its illustration of the close association between open   source software and the library community, both of which represent free   culture. Also it is shown that the selection process of open source   software has some obstacles most notably as there are no clear and   reliable criteria for selecting these systems. Current study has   concluded a set of recommendations, notably awareness of the role and   importance of open source software and the facilities it provides in   managing digital content.",10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.7.28
1582,Article,The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship,"Free and open source software (FOSS) is any computer program released   under a licence that grants users rights to run the program for any   purpose, to study it, to modify it, and to redistribute it in original   or modified form. Our aim is to explore the intersection between FOSS   and computational reproducibility. We begin by situating FOSS in   relation to other `open' initiatives, and specifically open science,   open research, and open scholarship. In this context, we argue that   anyone who actively contributes to the research process today is a   computational researcher, in that they use computers to manage and store   information. We then provide a primer to FOSS suitable for anyone   concerned with research quality and sustainability-including researchers   in any field, as well as support staff, administrators, publishers,   funders, and so on. Next, we illustrate how the notions introduced in   the primer apply to resources for scientific computing, with reference   to the GNU Scientific Library as a case study. We conclude by discussing   why the common interpretation of `open source' as `open code' is   misplaced, and we use this example to articulate the role of FOSS in   research and scholarship today. This article is part of the theme issue   `Reliability and reproducibility in computational science: implementing   verification, validation and uncertainty quantification in silico'.",10.1098/rsta.2020.0079
1583,Article,The contingent role of interproject connectedness in cultivating open   source software projects,"A better understanding of the key to successful open-source software   (OSS) development continues to motivate research. Aligned with work that   builds on the notion that an OSS development is tightly interrelated   with its social environment (i.e., the OSS community), this study   examines the relationship between interproject structure and OSS project   success. OSS project success is reflected in two forms: popularity and   knowledge creation. Extending the extant OSS literature, we theorize a   contingent role of interproject connectedness. In particular, we posit   three points: (1) an OSS project with more structural holes achieves   higher popularity; (2) an OSS project with fewer structural holes yields   higher knowledge creation; and (3) these two relationships are enhanced   by an increase in project maturity. Using a dataset longitudinally   collected from SourceForge.net, we found that OSS projects with   widespread connectedness are more popular. This is especially so for   those OSS projects in the mid-mature stage. We also found that OSS   projects with a cohesive network achieve higher knowledge creation,   irrespective of their maturity. Findings from our study can contribute   to OSS literature by identifying OSS projects that are more likely to be   successful.",10.1016/j.jsis.2020.101598
1585,Article,"The effects of inbound open innovation, outbound open innovation, and   team role diversity on open source software project performance","This manuscript delineates two open innovation strategies, inbound and   outbound, to examine how their tradeoff effects on open source software   project performance are affected by project team role diversity. We   leverage Opportunity-Motivation-Ability (OMA) theory to explain that   inbound open innovation provides opportunities to access external   knowledge in open innovation community networks; but whether a project   can absorb and utilize such external knowledge depends on outbound open   innovation and project team role diversity, which influence the team   members? motivation and ability to do so. Using a large sample of open   source software projects, the empirical findings suggest project   performance should be distinguished as internal (technical performance)   and external (market performance) to understand the effects of open   innovation strategy. Technical performance is enhanced with a coupled   open innovation strategy that leverages both high outbound open   innovation and high inbound open innovation, in conjunction with low   team role diversity. However, an inbound open innovation strategy is   optimal for market performance, particularly when team role diversity is   high. Thus, project team role diversity explains the trade-off effects   of inbound and outbound open innovation strategies on project technical   performance and market performance.",10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.02.013
1586,Article,The role of open source software in the process of implementing social   innovation in SMEs,"Nowadays, small and medium-sized enterprises (further SME) look for ways   to overcome pressing social problems. An open-software-based application   can be considered a powerful tool for this task, because of   functionalities such as data management, BI operation, and efficient   channels of communication. A review of literature shows that there is a   shortage of studies concerning connections between usage of Free/Libre   or Open Source Software (further FLOSS) and implementing Social   Innovation (SI). The aim of this research is to investigate how the use   of FLOSS relates to the ability of SMEs to implement SI. The author aims   to underline key areas in which FLOSS supported implementation of SI. A   set of recommendations for future initiatives is created based on the   experience of successful implementation. Based on a review of   literature, the author created a set of hypotheses which are validated   by the in-depth surveys with three companies in the SME sector. The   article structure is as follows: first the author presents literature   findings concerning the subject, and next the areas of the model and   survey answers. Finally, the author performs a critical review of the   model, confirming that open software can stimulate the process of   developing social innovation in SMEs, especially in cost reduction,   flexibility, and community support.",10.15219/em92.1542
1588,Article,"They Can Only Ever Guide"": How an Open Source Software Community Uses Roadmaps to Coordinate Effort","Unlike in commercial software development, open source software (OSS) projects do not generally have managers with direct control over how developers spend their time, yet for projects with large, diverse sets of contributors, the need exists to focus and steer development in a particular direction in a coordinated way. This is especially important for ""infrastructure"" projects, such as critical libraries and programming languages that many other people depend on. Some projects have taken the approach of borrowing planning tools that originated in commercial development, despite the fact that these techniques were designed for very different contexts, e.g. strong top-down control and profit motives. Little research has been done to understand how these practices are adapted to a new context. In this paper, we examine the Rust project's use of roadmaps: how has an important OSS infrastructure project adapted an inherently top-down tool to the freewheeling world of OSS? We find that because Rust's roadmaps are built in part by summarizing what motivated developers most prefer to work on, they are in some ways more a description of the motivated labor available than they are a directive that the community move in a particular direction. They allow the community to avoid wasting time on unpopular proposals by revealing that there will be little help in building them, and encouraging work on popular features by making visible the amount of consensus in those features. Roadmaps generate a collective focus without limiting the full scope of what developers work on: roadmap issues consume proportionally more effort than other issues, but constitute a minority of the work done (i.e issues and pull requests made) by both central and peripheral participants. They also create transparency among and beyond the community into what central contributors' plans are, and allow more rational decision-making by providing a way for evidence about community needs to be linked to decision-making.",10.1145/3449232
1589,Article,Towards Sustainable Management of Mussel Farming through High-Resolution   Images and Open Source Software-The Taranto Case Study,"This research activity, conducted in collaboration with the Aero-Naval   Operations Department of the Guardia di Finanza of Bari as part of the   Special Commissioner for urgent measures of reclamation, environmental   improvements and redevelopment of Taranto's measurement, is based on the   use of a high-resolution airborne sensor, mounted on board a helicopter   to identify and map all in operation and abandoned mussel farming in the   first and second inlet of Mar Piccolo. In addition, factors able to   compromise the environmental status of the Mar Piccolo ecosystem were   also evaluated. The methodological workflow developed lets extract   significant individual frames from the captured video tracks, improves   images by applying five image processing algorithms, georeferences the   individual frames based on flight data, and implements the processed   data in a thematic Geographical Information System. All mussel farms, in   operation and derelict, all partially submerged and/or water-coated   invisible to navigation poles and other elements such as illegal fishing   nets and marine litter on the seabed up to about 2 m deep, have been   identified and mapped. The creation of an instant, high-precision   cartographic representation made it possible to identify the   anthropogenic pressures on the Mar Piccolo of Taranto and the necessary   actions for better management of the area.",10.3390/rs13152985
1591,Article,Towards a unified criteria model for usability evaluation in the context   of open source software based on a fuzzy Delphi method,"Context: A plethora of models are available for open-source software   (OSS) usability evaluation. However, these models lack consensus between   scholars as well as standard bodies on a specific set of usability   evaluation criteria. Retaining irrelevant criteria and omitting   essential ones will mislead the direction of the usability evaluation.   Objective: This study introduces a three-step method to develop a   usability evaluation model in the context of OSS.   Method: The fuzzy Delphi method has been employed to unify the usability   evaluation criteria in the context of OSS. The first step in the method   is the usability criteria analysis, which involves redefining and   restructuring all collected usability criteria reported in the   literature. The second step is fuzzy Delphi analysis, which includes the   design and validates the fuzzy Delphi instrument and the utilisation of   the fuzzy Delphi method to analyse the fuzziness consensus of experts'   opinions on the usability evaluation criteria. The third step is the   proposal of the OSS usability evaluation model.   Results: A total of 124 usability criteria were identified, redefined,   and restructured by creating groups of related meaning criteria. The   result of the groupings generated 11 main criteria; the findings of the   fuzzy Delphi narrowed down the criteria to only seven. The final set of   criteria was sent back to the panellists for reconsideration of their   responses. The panellists verified that these criteria are suitable in   the evaluation of the usability of OSS.   Discussion: The empirical analysis confirmed that the proposed   evaluation model is acceptable in assessing the usability of OSS.   Therefore, this model can be used as a reference metric for OSS   usability evaluation which will have a practical benefit for the   community in public and private organisations in helping the   decision-maker to select the best OSS software package amongst the   alternatives.",10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106453
1592,Article,Traducción de conocimientos del software libre y de código abierto en las obras culturales,"La ret\\&oacute;rica de c\\&oacute;digo abierto se aplica cada vez m\\&aacute;s a la cultura, pero existe poco consenso sobre lo que significa en este \\&aacute;mbito. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender los procesos de traducci\\&oacute;n de conocimientos ling\\&uuml;\\&iacute;sticos de los movimientos de software libre y de c\\&oacute;digo abierto a la circulaci\\&oacute;n de obras culturales durante el per\\&iacute;odo 2000-2010. La investigaci\\&oacute;n presenta un enfoque cualitativo, recurre al m\\&eacute;todo de estudio de caso m\\&uacute;ltiple y aplica la t\\&eacute;cnica de revisi\\&oacute;n documental. Las unidades de an\\&aacute;lisis son las iniciativas Open Access, Open Knowledge y Free Cultural Works. El art\\&iacute;culo1 explora las resignificaciones producidas en las traducciones y se\\&ntilde;ala un conjunto de organizaciones sin fines de lucro gobernando dichos procesos.Alternate abstract:Open source rhetoric is increasingly applied to culture, but there is little consensus on what it means in this area. The objective of this work is to understand the translation processes of linguistic knowledge from free software and open source movements to the circulation of cultural works during the pe riod 2000-2010. The research presents a qualitative approach, uses the multiple case study method and applies the document review technique. The units of analysis are the Open Access, Open Knowledge and Free Cultural Works initiatives. The article explores the re-significations produced in the translations and points out a group of non-profit organizations governing these processes.Alternate abstract:A ret\\&oacute;rica do c\\&oacute;digo aberto \\&eacute; cada vez mais aplicada \\&agrave; cultura, mas h\\&aacute; pouco consenso sobre o que isso significa nessa \\&aacute;rea. O objetivo deste trabalho \\&eacute; compreender os processos de tradu\\&ccedil;\\&atilde;o do conhecimento ling\\&uuml;\\&iacute;stico dos movimentos de software livre e open source para a circula\\&ccedil;\\&atilde;o de obras culturais no per\\&iacute;odo de 2000-2010. A pesquisa apr\\&eacute;senla abordagem qualitativa, utiliza o m\\&eacute;todo do esludo de casos m\\&uacute;ltiplos e aplica a t\\&eacute;cnica de revis\\&atilde;o documental. As unidades de an\\&aacute;lise s\\&atilde;o as iniciativas de Acesso Aberto, Conhecimento Aberto e Obras Culturais Livres. O artigo explora as ressignifica\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es produzidas nas tradu\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es e aponta um conjunto de organiza\\&ccedil;\\&otilde;es sem fins lucrativos que regem esses processos.",10.15665/encuen.v19i01.2489
1594,Article,USABILITY OF FREE SOFTWARE USED FOR VISUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF   DIGITAL ORTHODONTIC MODELS,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of the free software   available that allow visualization and measurement of orthodontic   digital models. 80 graduate students of orthodontics were asked to   perform pre-defined tasks in a digital model through 3D Viewer (R) and   3D-Tool (R) software. The success in accomplishing the tasks and the   time spent were recorded. To end, each participant answered a   questionnaire to express their satisfaction regarding the software.   There were no statistically significant difference between the software   when compared to the accomplishment rates of tasks and the time spent by   participants on each one. The software were evaluated as ``slightly   satisfactory{''} in several criteria. There is scope for optimization of   orthodontic software by manufacturers since lack of their interface   usability can discourage orthodontists' adherence to new resources that   could provide benefits to their daily routine, even if they are freely   available.",10.14393/BJ-v37n0a2021-56824
1595,Article,Utilization of Open Source Software in Nigeria Academic Libraries:   Matters Arising,"This study assessed the factors affecting the effective utilization of   KOHA by librarians in Nigerian academic and research libraries. A   descriptive survey was adopted using a purposive sampling technique to   select forty-five libraries over the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria   (twenty universities, both private and public, ten Polytechnics, and   five colleges of education). An online structured questionnaire was sent   to forty-five libraries. Thirty-six libraries completed the   questionnaire. This was analyzed by constraints to use, the extent of   use, and effectiveness of Koha using simple frequency and percentage.   The findings revealed that lack of institutional support, inadequate   information, and negative attitudes of librarians were some of the   challenges facing Koha in Nigeria. Based on the findings, libraries   should implement Koha and join the Koha software users' group for   effective understanding and utilization of all modules.",10.1080/01639374.2021.1919268
1596,Article,Validation of the applicability of the particle-based open-source   software DualSPHysics to violent flow fields,"Emerging as powerful open-source software in recent years,   ``DualSPHysics{''} is receiving increased attention for its ability to   simulate large-scale flow fields. In the context of applying open-source   software, the differences in the numerical results due to different   model parameters need to be investigated in detail. In this study, some   benchmark problems have been solved with DualSPHysics to validate the   estimation of wave impact pressure with violent breaking waves. We have   demonstrated three main results: (i) as an alternative to the artificial   viscosity traditionally used in DualSPHysics, a laminar viscosity model   can also well reproduce the solutions to the existing benchmark problems   in a violent flow field with the modified dynamic boundary condition;   (ii) the dynamics of the gas phase is essential in the calculation of   wave breaking with rapid gate opening; and (iii) if the density   diffusion parameter is too large, the impact pressure may be   underestimated. The practical contribution by this study is to find that   DualSPHysics well reproduces complex breaking waves, including   multi-phase gas-liquid flows, and that the wave impact pressure is   accurate by comparison with existing experimental results. This allows   us to understand the complex behavior of fluid-structure interactions in   coastal engineering by means of DualSPHysics.",10.1080/21664250.2021.1991608
1597,InProceedings,VuInEx: Exploring Open-Source Software Vulnerabilities in Large   Development Organizations to Understand Risk Exposure,"The prevalent usage of open-source software (OSS) has led to an   increased interest in resolving potential third-party security risks by   fixing common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). However, even with   automated code analysis tools in place, security analysts often lack the   means to obtain an overview of vulnerable OSS reuse in large software   organizations. In this design study, we propose VULNEX (Vulnerability   Explorer), a tool to audit entire software development organizations. We   introduce three complementary table-based representations to identify   and assess vulnerability exposures due to OSS, which we designed in   collaboration with security analysts. The presented tool allows   examining problematic projects and applications (repositories),   third-party libraries, and vulnerabilities across a software   organization. We show the applicability of our tool through a use case   and preliminary expert feedback.",10.1109/VizSec53666.2021.00014
1598,InProceedings,What Makes Open Source Software Projects Impactful: A Data-Driven   Approach,"With the wide adoption and acceptance of open source version control and   hosting systems, more and more companies, including Google, Microsoft,   Apple and Facebook, are putting their projects on such platforms, e.g.,   GitHub. It is very important for open source projects to be impactful,   i.e., to attract attentions from the open source development community,   so as to gain support on development, testing as well as maintenance   from the community. However, the question of what factors affect open   source project impact, remains largely open. Given the numerous   confounding factors and the complex correlations among the factors, it   is a challenge to answer the question. In this study, we gather a large   dataset from GitHub and provide empirical insights on this question base   on a data-driven approach. We randomly collect 146, 286 projects from   GitHub and then adopt data analysis techniques to automatically analyze   the correlations of different features with the software project impact.   We also provide suggestions on how to potentially make open source   projects impactful base on our analysis results.",10.1145/3457913.3457932
1600,Article,What Open Source Software Research Can Teach Us About Public   Blockchain(s)?-Lessons for Practitioners and Future Research,"Peer-to-peer governance of blockchain technology reemerges a number of   interesting practical and theoretical questions. This article aims to   bridge current research on blockchain technology to earlier research on   open source software (OSS) and to suggest a number of concepts from OSS   research that are useful in discussing governance of blockchain systems.   Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide a theoretically oriented   review of some of the earlier concepts and discuss their applicability   in a novel context. Bridging these extending literatures and concepts   accelerates theoretical development in the area of governance of   technology, opening fertile avenues for future research and offering a   variety of insights to both practitioners.",10.3389/fhumd.2021.642556
1601,Article,When and How to Make Breaking Changes: Policies and Practices in 18 Open   Source Software Ecosystems,"Open source software projects often rely on package management systems   that help projects discover, incorporate, and maintain dependencies on   other packages, maintained by other people. Such systems save a great   deal of effort over ad hoc ways of advertising, packaging, and   transmitting useful libraries, but coordination among project teams is   still needed when one package makes a breaking change affecting other   packages. Ecosystems differ in their approaches to breaking changes, and   there is no general theory to explain the relationships between   features, behavioral norms, ecosystem outcomes, and motivating values.   We address this through two empirical studies. In an interview case   study, we contrast Eclipse, NPM, and CRAN, demonstrating that these   different norms for coordination of breaking changes shift the costs of   using and maintaining the software among stakeholders, appropriate to   each ecosystem's mission. In a second study, we combine a survey,   repository mining, and document analysis to broaden and systematize   these observations across 18 ecosystems. We find that all ecosystems   share values such as stability and compatibility, but differ in other   values. Ecosystems' practices often support their espoused values, but   in surprisingly diverse ways. The data provides counterevidence against   easy generalizations about why ecosystem communities do what they do.",10.1145/3447245
1603,InProceedings,Who are Vulnerability Reporters? A Large-scale Empirical Study on FLOSS,"(Background) Software vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to the security of computer systems. Hence, there is a constant race for defenders to find and patch them before attackers are able to exploit them. Measuring different aspects of this process is important in order to better understand it and improve the odds for defenders. (Aims) The human factor of the vulnerability discovery and patching process has received limited attention. Better knowledge of the characteristics of the people and organizations who discover and report security vulnerabilities can considerably enhance our understanding of the process, provide insights regarding the expended effort in vulnerability hunting, contribute to better security metrics, and help guide practical decisions regarding the strategy of projects to attract vulnerability researchers.(Method) In this paper, we present what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale empirical study on the people and organizations who report vulnerabilities in popular FLOSS projects. Collecting data from a multitude of publicly available sources (NVD, bug-tracking platforms, vendor advisories, source code repositories), we create a dataset of reporter information for 2193 unique reporting entities of 4756 CVEs affecting the Mozilla suite, Apache httpd, the PHP interpreter, and the Linux kernel. We use the dataset to investigate several aspects of the vulnerability discovery process, specifically regarding the distribution of contributions, their temporal characteristics, and the motivations of reporters.(Results) Among our results: around 80% of reports come from 20% of reporters; first time reporters are significant contributors to the yearly total in all 4 projects; productive reporters are specialized w.r.t. the project and vulnerability types; around half of all reports come from reporters acknowledging an affiliation.(Conclusions) Projects depend both on a core of dedicated and productive reporters, and on small contributions from a large number of community reporters. The generalized Pareto principle (the (1 - p)/p law) can be used as a metric for the concentration of contributions in the vulnerability-reporting ecosystem of a project.",10.1145/3475716.3475783
1604,Article,"`Shattering' and `Violent' Forces: Gender, Ecology, and Catastrophe in   George Eliot's <i>The Mill on the Floss</i>","This article argues that George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860)   aligns natural catastrophe with the image of the disastrous female body   in order to challenge contemporary geological readings of nature as a   balanced, self-regulating domain. Both incorporating and revising the   work of Charles Lyell, Oliver Goldsmith, and Georges Cuvier, Eliot   emphasises the interconnectedness of human and planetary processes,   feminises environmental catastrophe, and blends human and ecological   history. She does so in order to write the human presence back into   geological histories that tended to evacuate the human, and to invite   readers to account for the effects their lifestyles and industries have   upon the supposedly balanced and orderly processes of nature.",10.3366/vic.2021.0408
1605,Article,`SleepCycles' package for R - A free software tool for the detection of   sleep cycles from sleep staging,"The detection of NREM-REM sleep cycles in human sleep data (i.e.,   polysomnographically assessed sleep stages) enables fine-grained   analyses of ultradian variations in sleep microstructure (e.g., sleep   spindles, and arousals), or other amplitude- and frequency-specific   electroencephalographic features during sleep. While many laboratories   have software that is used internally, reproducibility requires the   availability of open-source software. Therefore, we here introduce the   `SleepCycles' package for R, an open-source software package that   identifies sleep cycles and their respective (non-) rapid eye movement   ({[}N]REM) periods from sleep staging data. Additionally, each (N)REM   period is subdivided into parts of equal duration (percentiles), which   may be useful for further fine-grained analyses. The detection criteria   used in the package are, with some adaptations, largely based on   criteria originally proposed by Feinberg and Floyd (1979). The latest   version of the package can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R   Archives Network (CRAN).   The package `SleepCycles' for R allows to identify sleep cycles and   their respective NREM and REM periods from sleep staging results.   Besides the cycle detection, NREM and REM periods are also split into   parts of equal duration (percentiles) thereby allowing for a better   temporal resolution across the night and comparisons of sleep cycles   with different durations amongst different night recordings. (C) 2021   The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.mex.2021.101318
1606,Article,pMAT: An open-source software suite for the analysis of fiber photometry   data,"The combined development of new technologies for neuronal recordings and   the development of novel sensors for recording both cellular activity   and neurotransmitter binding has ushered in a new era for the field of   neuroscience. Among these new technologies is fiber photometry, a   technique wherein an implanted fiber optic is used to record signals   from genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in bulk tissue. Fiber   photometry has been widely adapted due to its cost-effectiveness,   ability to examine the activity of neurons with specific anatomical or   genetic identities, and the ability to use these highly modular systems   to record from one or more sensors or brain sites in both superficial   and deep-brain structures. Despite these many benefits, one major hurdle   for laboratories adopting this technique is the steep learning curve   associated with the analysis of fiber photometry data. This has been   further complicated by a lack of standardization in analysis pipelines.   In the present communication, we present pMAT, a `photometry modular   analysis tool' that allows users to accomplish common analysis routines   through the use of a graphical user interface. This tool can be deployed   in MATLAB and edited by more advanced users, but is also available as an   independently deployable, open-source application.",10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173093
1607,Article,patRoon: open source software platform for environmental mass   spectrometry based non-target screening,"Mass spectrometry based non-target analysis is increasingly adopted in   environmental sciences to screen and identify numerous chemicals   simultaneously in highly complex samples. However, current data   processing software either lack functionality for environmental   sciences, solve only part of the workflow, are not openly available   and/or are restricted in input data formats. In this paper we present   patRoon, a new R based open-source software platform, which provides   comprehensive, fully tailored and straightforward non-target analysis   workflows. This platform makes the use, evaluation and mixing of   well-tested algorithms seamless by harmonizing various common (primarily   open) software tools under a consistent interface. In addition, patRoon   offers various functionality and strategies to simplify and perform   automated processing of complex (environmental) data effectively.   patRoon implements several effective optimization strategies to   significantly reduce computational times. The ability of patRoon to   perform time-efficient and automated non-target data annotation of   environmental samples is demonstrated with a simple and reproducible   workflow using open-access data of spiked samples from a drinking water   treatment plant study. In addition, the ability to easily use, combine   and evaluate different algorithms was demonstrated for three commonly   used feature finding algorithms. This article, combined with already   published works, demonstrate that patRoon helps make comprehensive   (environmental) non-target analysis readily accessible to a wider   community of researchers.",10.1186/s13321-020-00477-w
1608,Article,<i>Glare</i>: A free and open-source software for generation and   assessment of digital speckle pattern,"Generating digital speckle image and its corresponding deformed image is   the basis of digital image correlation research. At present, however, it   still lacks a powerful, easy-to-use, and user-friendly professional   software concerning generation and assessment of digital speckle   pattern. Researchers have to reimplement the generation algorithms in   literature by themselves, which is time-consuming and error-prone. This   paper reports a free and open-source software, Glare, for generation and   assessment of digital speckle pattern. Glare has functions including   generating speckle patterns, rendering deformed images, assessing   pattern quality, and presenting pattern recommendations: Glare can   generate ellipse, polygon, and Gaussian speckle patterns; can render   deformed images with underlying deformation fields of translation,   stretch/compression, rotation, sinusoidal deformation, Gaussian   deformation, and Portevin-Le Chatelier band deformation; can calculate   key pattern quality assessment parameters such as speckle coverage,   speckle size, systematic error, and random error; can produce optimized   speckle pattern in form of vector image. The software realizes real-time   deformed image rendering with the aid of fast initial value estimation   algorithm for backward mapping and pattern pre-rendering technique, and   improves the computational efficiency of sum of square of subset   intensity gradients by integral image method. In general, the software   can be used not only for scientific research and engineering   applications in digital image correlation community but also for   education of experimental mechanics, and therefore has broad prospects.",10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106766
1609,Article,<i>diffpy.mpdf:</i> open-source software for magnetic pair distribution   function analysis,"The open-source Python package diffpy.mpdf, part of the DiffPy suite for   diffraction and pair distribution function analysis, provides a   user-friendly approach for performing magnetic pair distribution   function (mPDF) analysis. The package builds on existing libraries in   the DiffPy suite to allow users to create models of magnetic structures   and calculate corresponding one- and three-dimensional mPDF patterns.   diffpy.mpdf can be used to perform fits to mPDF data either in isolation   or in combination with atomic pair distribution function data for joint   refinement of the atomic and magnetic structure. Examples are given   using MnO and MnTe as representative antiferromagnetic compounds and   MnSb as a representative ferromagnet.",10.1107/S1600576722007257
1610,Article,A Motivation-Hygiene Model of Open Source Software Code Contribution and   Growth,"The success of open source software (OSS) projects depends on sustained   contributions by developers who often display a wide variety of   contribution patterns. Project leaders and stakeholders would strongly   prefer that developers not only maintain but preferably increase their   contributions over time as they gain experience. Corporations   increasingly complement OSS developer motivations (such as fit in terms   of shared values with the project community) by paying them to sustain   contributions. However, practitioners argue whether payment helps or   hurts projects because monetary compensation may dampen developer   motivation in the long run, making it difficult for project leaders to   understand what to expect from developers over time. Using Herzberg's   motivation-hygiene framework, we explore how developers' perceptions of   value fit with the project and being paid interact to determine the   level of code contribution and its rate of change over time (i.e.,   growth). Using a survey of 564 developers across 431 projects on GitHub,   we build a three-level growth model explaining the code contribution and   its growth over a six-month period. We find that value fit with the   project positively influences both the level and growth of code   contribution. However, there are notable differences among paid and   unpaid developers in the impact of value fit on their level and growth   in code contributions over time. The implications of our work will be of   interest to researchers, practitioners, and organizations investing in   open source projects.",10.17705/1jais.00712
1612,Article,A New Workflow of X-ray CT Image Processing and Data Analysis of   Structural Features in Rock Using Open-Source Software,"X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of rock specimens often contain   artifacts which must be corrected before scientific analyses are   performed. This paper presents a new workflow of automated image   processing to utilize poor-quality X-ray CT scan images. The workflow   runs on the open-source image analysis software and efficiently   separates desired features from low-contrast scanned images. The new   workflow is a two-step technique using contrast enhancement and   automated feature segmentation to generate noise-free binary images. The   results of binary images using the proposed workflow and using a   conventional thresholding technique are analyzed to show the quality of   the proposed method. The paper also presents a workflow of estimating   the structural geometries of features in two and three dimensions. The   results of the structural feature analyses and computational time were   compared between the open-source (ImageJ) and commercial image analysis   software (Bruker Computed Tomography Analyzer). The commercial software   was more computationally efficient, but the task-specific macros in   open-source software enabled the user-desired automation in image   processing and data extraction of desired structural features of   comparable quality.",10.1007/s42461-022-00662-5
1613,Article,A Pool of Free Software Tools to Assist Business Intelligence and   Analytics,"At present, enterprises face new economic models and dedicate a lot of   time and resources to obtain, process, apply, and project information.   If they do not collect the appropriate data, the information generated   will not be accurate, the results will likely be wrong, and any decision   made will not be the most appropriate. Business Intelligence and   Business Analytics, used properly, can present competitive advantages,   allowing organizations to know their current status and forecast future   market behaviour, carrying out proactive actions based on predictive and   prescriptive analysis. In this work, it is proposed to assist small and   medium enterprises by integrating BI and BA into their information   systems. The case of a local transport small and medium enterprise is   presented where the benefits of applying free software tools, such as   PowerBI Desktop, Orange, KNime, and Knowage, were analysed and   evidenced.",NA
1614,InProceedings,A Supervised Generative Topic Model to Predict Bug-fixing Time on Open   Source Software Projects,"During software maintenance activities an accurate prediction of the   bug-fixing time can support software managers to better resources and   time allocation. In this work, each bug report is endowed with a   response variable (bug-fixing time), external to its words, that we are   interested in predicting. To analyze the bug reports collections, we   used a supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (sLDA), whose goal is to   infer latent topics that are predictive of the response. The bug reports   and the responses are jointly modeled, to find latent topics that will   best predict the response variables for future unlabeled bug reports.   With a fitted model in hand, we can infer the topic structure of an   unlabeled bug report and then form a prediction of its response. sLDA   adds to LDA a response variable connected to each bug report. Two   different variants of the bag-of-words (BoW) model are used as baseline   discriminative algorithms and also an unsupervised LDA is considered. To   evaluate the proposed approach the defect tracking dataset of LiveCode,   a well-known and large dataset, was used. Results show that SLDA   improves recall of the predicted bug-fixing times compared to other BoW   single topic or multi-topic supervised algorithms.",10.5220/0011113100003176
1615,InProceedings,A Time Series-Based Dataset of Open-Source Software Evolution,"Software evolution is the process of developing, maintaining, and   updating software systems. It is known that the software systems tend to   increase their complexity and size over their evolution to meet the   demands required by the users. Due to this fact, researchers have   increasingly carried out studies on software evolution to understand the   systems' evolution pattern and propose techniques to overcome inherent   problems in software evolution. Many of these works collect data but do   not make them publicly available. Many datasets on software evolution   are outdated, and/or are small, and some of them do not provide time   series from software metrics. We propose an extensive software evolution   dataset with temporal information about open-source Java systems. To   build this dataset, we proposed a methodology of four steps: selecting   the systems using a criterion, extracting and measuring their releases,   and generating their time series. Our dataset contains time series of 46   software metrics extracted from 46 open-source Java systems, and we make   it publicly available.",10.1145/3524842.3528492
1616,Article,"A spectrum of free software tools for processing the VCF variant call   format: vcflib, bio-vcf, cyvcf2, hts-nim and slivar","Author summaryMost bioinformatics workflows deal with DNA/RNA variations   that are typically represented in the variant call format (VCF)-a file   format that describes mutations (SNP and MNP), insertions and deletions   (INDEL) against a reference genome. Here we present a wide range of free   and open source software tools that are used in biomedical sequencing   workflows around the world today.   Since its introduction in 2011 the variant call format (VCF) has been   widely adopted for processing DNA and RNA variants in practically all   population studies-as well as in somatic and germline mutation studies.   The VCF format can represent single nucleotide variants,   multi-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, and simple   structural variants called and anchored against a reference genome.Here   we present a spectrum of over 125 useful, complimentary free and open   source software tools and libraries, we wrote and made available through   the multiple vcflib, bio-vcf, cyvcf2, hts-nim and slivar projects. These   tools are applied for comparison, filtering, normalisation, smoothing   and annotation of VCF, as well as output of statistics, visualisation,   and transformations of files variants. These tools run everyday in   critical biomedical pipelines and countless shell scripts. Our tools are   part of the wider bioinformatics ecosystem and we highlight best   practices.We shortly discuss the design of VCF, lessons learnt, and how   we can address more complex variation through pangenome graph formats,   variation that can not easily be represented by the VCF format.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009123
1620,Article,AN ANALYSIS OF THE OPPRESSION OF THE MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS IN A COMPANY   FROM FOSS V. HARBOTTLE TO CYRUS MISTRY CASE,"The existence of the rights of the minority shareholders have always   been at a doubtful position due to the existence of the majority rule   prevalent in the nation, India being the common law country, and most of   the laws been taken by the English Laws and other Common Wealth Nations.   The rule established from the case of Foss vs. Harbottle, which paved   way for exploitation of the minority shareholders, giving excessive   power at the hands of the office-bearers, has always been a hindrance to   secure a protection to the minority shareholders who do not get an   opportunity to approach the Court for seeking justice as they are   considered unauthorised to do so. The instances whereby the rights of   the minority shareholders have been infringed or violated are enormous   in number, and the requirement to secure an amicable environment for   these small in shareholdings yet large numbers of shareholders has   increased with time. Recently, in the judgment, considering the   prevalence of the majority rule, the decision was given in favour of the   majority shareholders of the Company, posing a threat to the position of   the minority shareholders, yet again in the corporate world. Thus, the   researcher here, attempts to critically analyse the majority rule,   discussing in brief the case of Foss vs. Harbottle developed contrary to   the interests of the minority shareholders, and appraise the exceptions   provided under the Majority rule which also acts as a measure to protect   the rights of minority shareholders. The researcher has tried to analyse   the case of Cyrus Mistry trying to identifying as to how the Courts have   failed to provide protection to the minority shareholders and this acts   like a set back to the same.",10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.496
1621,Article,ANALYSIS OF UTERINE MORPHOLOGY IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS TREATED WITH   ALENDRONATE AND HOP EXTRACT USING OPEN- SOURCE SOFTWARE,"Free and open-source software for image analysis and morphological   measurements in scientific research is rising in popularity and   capabilities as new methods, plugins and macros are being actively   developed. A semi-automated method for measuring rat uterus morphology   using free and open-source software (Gimp and FIJI) is demonstrated in   this paper. Research was performed on ovariectomized rats as a model of   osteoporosis (with sham-operated control group). The animals were   treated with alendronate, hop extract or the combination of the two.   Whole histological slides were photographed and images were manually   pre-processed in Gimp. Color masks from Gimp were loaded in FIJI and   polar transformation and meas-urements were made using a custom macro.   This analysis was supplemented by manual assessment of Ki67   proliferation marker expression by a pathologist. Our results suggest   that monotherapy or combination therapy with alendronate and hop extract   does not cause proliferation of the endometrium in ovariectomized rats   and would be safe for use in osteoporosis treatment in this regard. The   semi-automated method used in this research is more precise and unbiased   than older manual methods. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted for   analysis of whole-slide images of almost any round or oval organ.",10.105566/ias.2791
1622,InProceedings,APPFL: Open-Source Software Framework for Privacy-Preserving Federated   Learning,"Federated learning (FL) enables training models at different sites and   updating the weights from the training instead of transferring data to a   central location and training as in classical machine learning. The FL   capability is especially important to domains such as biomedicine and   smart grid, where data may not be shared freely or stored at a central   location because of policy regulations. Thanks to the capability of   learning from decentralized datasets, FL is now a rapidly growing   research field, and numerous FL frameworks have been developed. In this   work we introduce APPFL, the Argonne Privacy-Preserving Federated   Learning framework. APPFL allows users to leverage implemented   privacy-preserving algorithms, implement new algorithms, and simulate   and deploy various FL algorithms with privacy-preserving techniques. The   modular framework enables users to customize the components for   algorithms, privacy, communication protocols, neural network models, and   user data. We also present a new communication-efficient algorithm based   on an inexact alternating direction method of multipliers. The algorithm   requires significantly less communication between the server and the   clients than does the current state of the art. We demonstrate the   computational capabilities of APPFL, including differentially private FL   on various test datasets and its scalability, by using multiple   algorithms and datasets on different computing environments.",10.1109/IPDPSW55747.2022.00175
1623,InProceedings,"AlphaSQL: Open Source Software Tool for Automatic Dependency Resolution,   Parallelization and Validation for SQL and Data","Improved performance of database systems has enabled faster SQL querying   and more complex data processing. However, as the data becomes more   complex and larger, SQL data processing becomes more difficult and   costly. Typical problems include changing SQL queries and data schema   resolution in complex dependencies by hand. In addition, human errors   can lead to complex cyclic dependency problems. To mitigate these   problems, we developed AlphaSQL: an open-source software tool for SQL   data processing. AlphaSQL mainly supports three techniques to automate   data preparation by SQL: (1) extracting a directed acyclic graph (DAG)   based on dependencies between SQL and data, (2) validating the schema   included in the whole DAG, and (3) parallelizing the queries based on   the DAG.   We applied AlphaSQL to a real-world data analysis and machine learning   project where we analyzed 1445 logs obtained from static validation for   git commits and 3243 execution logs. Our analysis showed that AlphaSQL   detected various errors with high precision and recall, part of which   existing tools could not catch (e.g., missing resources and schema   mismatches). AlphaSQL would enable more maintainable data management   using SQL.",10.1109/ICDEW55742.2022.00010
1624,Article,An Easy-to-Use Protocol for Segmenting and 3-D Printing Craniofacial   CT-Images Using Open-Source Software,"Introduction: Stereolithography, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is a   versatile and useful technology with many healthcare applications. While   3DP has gained tremendous popularity, it remains a daunting and   perceptibly time-consuming process for the inexperienced user, with most   turning to commercially printed products. Commercial vendors are   expensive. We propose that 3DP is feasible for the inexperienced user   with the appropriate knowledge and tools.Methods: A 3DP protocol was   created for model design and printing using open-source software and a   low-cost desktop printer. It was betatested by 3 inexperienced users.   The fidelity of the protocol was then tested in direct comparison to   industry models made for 3 patients undergoing mandibular distraction   osteogenesis, using standard cephalometric measurements.Results: All   inexperienced testers were able to successfully create a 3D model using   the easy-to-follow protocol without the use of any other resources. The   models were created in a mean time of 170 minutes. All cephalometric   measurements on the open-source printed models were equal to within 0.5   to 1.0 mm of the respective industry models.Conclusions: As the 3DP   process is simplified and desktop printers and materials become more   affordable, we anticipate that its implementation will become more   commonplace. We describe a step-by-step, protocol using open-source   software and affordable materials to create 3D models.",10.1177/27325016211072286
1625,InProceedings,An Efficient Workflow for Representing Real-world Urban Environments in   Game Engines using Open-source Software and Data,"Game engines (GEs) constitute a powerful platform for visualizing real   geographies in immersive virtual space, and in the last two years,   remarkable strides have been made by the leading providers of Geographic   Information System (GIS) software and services, including Esri and   Cesium, toward integrating their products in GEs. Notwithstanding the   strengths of GEs, they lack support for many common GIS file formats,   and there exist only limited georeferencing possibilities. Visualizing   large-scale geolocations involves high authoring costs, and the   shortcomings of GEs further complicate the workflow. In this paper, we   present a workflow and its implementation for creating large immersive   virtual environments that accurately represent real-world urban areas.   The benefits of the presented development are threefold. First, it makes   the process more efficient by automating multiple steps and   incorporating a large portion of the workflow inside the GE. Second, it   facilitates an interactive framework by allowing the developer to   efficiently extend the scene components with functionalities and   interactions. Third, it entirely relies on open-source software and   data, making it suitable for many non-commercial domains. To showcase   the effectiveness of the tool, we created a virtual replica of an actual   city consisting of the terrain, the streets, and the buildings.",10.5220/0010916900003124
1626,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on OSS Development,"In this paper, we propose an analytical model that can analyze the   impact of emergencies on open source software (OSS) development. As the   core of this model, a metric system is used to comprehensively describe   the OSS development process, which includes three dimensions: team   activity, development activity, and development risk, with a total of 30   metrics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, we construct an   empirical study analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on OSS development.   This study is based on the development process events between January   2019 and April 2022 belonging to 50 selected open source projects on   GitHub. The results show that more than 72.4\\% of projects were   negatively impacted following the COVID19 outbreak. Interestingly, we   observe that variants of covide19 did not exacerbate its impact on   software development. On the contrary, some project development   activities have obviously resumed, indicating that the development team   has adapted and gradually got rid of the impact of the epidemic.",10.1109/QRS-C57518.2022.00112
1627,InProceedings,An Open Source Software Stack for Tuning the Dynamical Behavior of   Complex Power Systems,"BlockSystems.jl and NetworkDynamics.jl are two novel software packages   which facilitate highly efficient transient stability simulations of   power networks. Users may specify inputs and power system design in a   convenient modular and equation-based manner without compromising on   speed or model detail. Written in the high-level, high-performance   programming language Julia {[}1] a rich open-source package ecosystem is   available, which provides state-of-the-art solvers and machine learning   algorithms {[}2].   Motivated by the recent interest in the Nordic inertia challenge {[}3]   we have implemented the Nordic5 test case {[}4] and tuned its control   parameters by making use of the machine learning and automatic   differentiation capabilities of our software stack.",10.1109/OSMSES54027.2022.9769114
1628,InProceedings,An Undergraduate Course for FOSS and with FOSS,"Many universities have incorporated free and open-source software (FOSS) into undergraduate courses, though few research efforts have specifically investigated the interactions between undergraduates and real-world FOSS projects. In this paper, we present our experience of participating in the development of real-world FOSS projects, dealing with the challenges caused by COVID-19, and the feasibility of remote education with FOSS only. Our experience shows that undergraduates and FOSS projects can help each other well. Moreover, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the existing FOSS communities in attracting undergraduates and provide some suggestions.",10.1145/3502434.3502465
1629,Article,An analysis of open source software licensing questions in Stack   Exchange sites,"Free and open source software is widely used in the creation of software   systems, whereas many organizations choose to provide their systems as   open source. Open source software carries licenses that determine the   conditions under which the original software can be used. Appropriate   use of licenses requires relevant expertise by the practitioners, and   has an important legal angle. Educators and employers need to ensure   that developers have the necessary training to understand licensing   risks and how they can be addressed. At the same time, it is important   to understand which issues practitioners face when they are using a   specific open source license, when they are developing new open source   software products or when they are reusing open source software. In this   work, we examine questions posed about open source software licensing   using data from the following Stack Exchange sites: Stack Overflow,   Software Engineering, Open Source and Law. We analyze the indication of   specific licenses and topics in the questions, investigate the attention   the posts receive and trends over time, whether appropriate answers are   provided and which type of questions are asked. Our results indicate   that practitioners need, among other, clarifications about licensing   specific software when other licenses are used, and for understanding   license content. The results of the study can be useful for educators   and employers, organizations that are authoring open source software   licenses and developers for understanding the issues faced when using   licenses, whereas they are relevant to other software engineering   research areas, such as software reusability. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All   rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2021.111113
1630,InProceedings,An approach to Open-Source Software License Management using Blockchain-based Smart-Contracts,"Open source software is increasingly being used by various organizations. Open source licenses such as GPL, MIT, Apache, Mozilla, BSD, etc have varying terms and conditions for usage, modification, and distribution. Given the availability of source code for open source software, it is difficult to scrutinize adherence of licenses and more often than not it is left to the good faith of organizations and individuals. Violation of licensing terms knowingly or unknowingly can lead to copyright, ethical, compliance and security issues. In this paper, we propose a blockchain based approach in managing open source software licenses by enforcing certain practices to improve awareness and increase transparency, thus minimizing the possibility of violations. We present a solution design that relies on the use of 4 modules: InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), Smart contracts, Transaction manager (Meta-Mask) and a Permissioned Blockchain to enforce the conformance of licenses.",10.1145/3511430.3511448
1631,Article,An open-source software for geodetic deformation analysis in GNSS   networks,"Measurements can be done with classical terrestrial techniques in   geodetic deformation networks, as well as by using Global Navigation   Satellite System (GNSS) technique, which is one of the most widely used   modern techniques today. GNSS is a high-accuracy technique that is   widely used today for monitoring and detecting deformations in the   earth's crust and engineering structures. However, difficulties are   encountered in the evaluation of measurements due to the intensive use   of statistics in deformation analysis and the high numerical calculation   load. Considering the possible consequences of deformations in the   earth's crust and engineering structures, strategies and evaluation   software are needed to determine them quickly. In this study, an   open-source software that can be used in the analysis of deformation   surveys carried out in campaigns with the static GNSS technique were   developed by using R programming language since open-source deformation   analysis software is missing in the field of deformation analysis. The   method chosen for the determination of deformations is presented. The   general features of the developed software are introduced, and a case   study was carried out to test the computational performance of the   software and to investigate which parameters are effective in   determining the amount of deformation in GNSS networks correctly. As a   result of the study, it was seen that ambiguity resolution rates and   ionospheric activity affect the accuracy of the deformations determined   in GNSS networks.",10.1007/s12145-022-00844-1
1632,Article,An open-source software framework for reinforcement learning-based   control of tracked robots in simulated indoor environments,"A simulation framework based on the open-source robotic software Gazebo   and the Robot Operating System is presented for articulated tracked   robots, designed for reinforcement-learning-based (RL) control skill   acquisition. In particular, it is destined to serve as a research tool   in the development and evaluation of methods in the domain of mobility   learning for articulated tracked robots, in 3D indoor environments. Its   architecture allows to interchange between different RL libraries and   algorithm implementations, while learning can be customized to endow   specific properties within a control skill. To demonstrate its utility,   we focus on the most demanding case of staircase ascent and descent   using depth image data, while respecting safety via reward function   shaping and incremental, domain randomization-based, end-to-end   learning.",10.1080/01691864.2022.2076570
1633,Article,An operational land cover and land cover change toolbox: processing   open-source data with open-source software,"Accurate and up-to-date land cover maps are vital for underpinning   evidence-based landscape management decision-making. However, the   technical skills required to extract tailored information about land   cover dynamics from these open-access geospatial data often limit their   use by those making landscape management decisions. Using Dartmoor   National Park as an example, we demonstrate an open-source toolkit which   uses open-source software (QGIS and RStudio) to process freely available   Sentinel-2 and public LiDAR data sets to produce fine scale (10 m(2)   grain size) land cover maps. The toolbox has been designed for use by   staff within the national park, for example, enabling land cover maps to   be updated as required in the future. An area of 945 km(2) was mapped   using a trained random forest classifier following a classification   scheme tailored to the needs of the national park. A 2019 land cover map   had an overall user's accuracy of 79\\%, with 13 out of 17 land cover   classes achieving greater than 70\\% accuracy. Spatially, accuracy was   related via logistical regression to blue band surface reflectance in   the spring and topographic slope derived from LiDAR (1 m resolution),   with greater accuracy in steeper terrain and areas exhibiting higher   blue reflectance. Between an earlier (2017-2019) and later (2019-2021)   time frame, 8\\% of pixels changed, most of the change by area occurred   in the most common classes. However, the largest proportional increase   occurred in Upland Meadows, Lowland Meadows and Blanket Bog, all   habitats subject to restoration efforts. Identifying areas of change   enables future field work to be better targeted. We discuss the   application of this mapping to land management within the Dartmoor   national park and of the potential of tailored land cover and land cover   change mapping, via this toolbox, to evidence-based environmental   decision-making more widely.",10.1002/2688-8319.12162
1634,InProceedings,Analyzing the Relationship between Community and Design Smells in   Open-Source Software Projects: An Empirical Study,"Background: Software smells reflect the sub-optimal patterns in the   software. In a similar way, community smells consider the sub-optimal   patterns in the organizational and social structures of software teams.   Related work performed empirical studies to identify the relationship   between community smells and software smells at the architecture and   code levels. However, how community smells relate with design smells is   still unknown.   Aims: In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between   community smells and design smells during the evolution of software   projects.   Method: We apply three statistical methods: correlation, trend, and   information gain analysis to empirically examine the relationship   between community and design smells in 100 releases of 10 large-scale   Apache open-source software projects.   Results: Our results reveal that the relationship between community and   design smells varies across the analyzed projects. We find significant   correlations and trend similarities for one type of community smell   (when developers work in isolation without peer communication-Missing   Links) with design smells in most of the analyzed projects. Furthermore,   the results of our statistical model disclose that community smells are   more relevant for design smells compared to other community-related   factors.   Conclusion: Our results find that the relationship of community smells   (in particular, the Missing Links smell) exists with design smells.   Based on our findings, we discuss specific community smell refactoring   techniques that should be done together when refactoring design smells   so that the problems associated with the social and technical (design)   aspects of the projects can be managed concurrently.",10.1145/3544902.3546249
1636,InProceedings,Attracting and Retaining OSS Contributors with a Maintainer Dashboard,"Tools and artifacts produced by open source software (OSS) have been   woven into the foundation of the technology industry. To keep this   foundation intact, the open source community needs to actively invest in   sustainable approaches to bring in new contributors and nurture existing   ones. We take a first step at this by collaboratively designing a   maintainer dashboard that provides recommendations on how to attract and   retain open source contributors. For example, by highlighting project   goals (e.g., a social good cause) to attract diverse contributors and   mechanisms to acknowledge (e.g., a ``rising contributor{''} badge)   existing contributors. Next, we conduct a project-specific evaluation   with maintainers to better understand use cases in which this tool will   be most helpful at supporting their plans for growth. From analyzing   feedback, we find recommendations to be useful at signaling projects as   welcoming and providing gentle nudges for maintainers to proactively   recognize emerging contributors. However, there are complexities to   consider when designing recommendations such as the project current   development state (e.g., deadlines, milestones, refactoring) and   governance model. Finally, we distill our findings to share what the   future of recommendations in open source looks like and how to make   these recommendations most meaningful over time.",10.1145/3510458.3513020
1641,Article,BlenderPhotonics: an integrated open-source software environment for   three-dimensional meshing and photon simulations in complex tissues,"Significance: Rapid advances in biophotonics techniques require   quantitative, model-based computational approaches to obtain functional   and structural information from increasingly complex and multiscaled   anatomies. The lack of efficient tools to accurately model tissue   structures and subsequently perform quantitative multiphysics modeling   greatly impedes the clinical translation of these modalities.   Aim: Although the mesh-based Monte Carlo (MMC) method expands our   capabilities in simulating complex tissues using tetrahedral meshes, the   generation of such domains often requires specialized meshing tools,   such as Iso2Mesh. Creating a simplified and intuitive interface for   tissue anatomical modeling and optical simulations is essential toward   making these advanced modeling techniques broadly accessible to the user   community.   Approach: We responded to the above challenge by combining the powerful,   open-source three-dimensional (3D) modeling software, Blender, with   state-of-the-art 3D mesh generation and MC simulation tools, utilizing   the interactive graphical user interface in Blender as the front-end to   allow users to create complex tissue mesh models and subsequently launch   MMC light simulations.   Results: Here, we present a tutorial to our Python-based Blender   add-on-BlenderPhotonics- to interface with Iso2Mesh and MMC, which   allows users to create, configure and refine complex simulation domains   and run hardware-accelerated 3D light simulations with only a few   clicks. We provide a comprehensive introduction to this tool and walk   readers through five examples, ranging from simple shapes to   sophisticated realistic tissue models.   Conclusions: BlenderPhotonics is user friendly and open source, and it   leverages the vastly rich ecosystem of Blender. It wraps advanced   modeling capabilities within an easy-to-use and interactive interface.   The latest software can be downloaded at http://mcx.space/bp. (C) The   Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0   International License.",10.1117/1.JBO.27.8.083014
1642,Article,CMRSegTools: An open-source software enabling reproducible research in   segmentation of acute myocardial infarct in CMR images,"In the last decade, a large number of clinical trials have been deployed   using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) to evaluate cardioprotective   strategies aiming at reducing the irreversible myocardial damage at the   time of reperfusion. In these studies, segmentation and quantification   of myocardial infarct lesion are often performed with a commercial   software or an in-house closed-source code development thus creating a   barrier for reproducible research. This paper introduces CMRSegTools: an   open-source application software designed for the segmentation and   quantification of myocardial infarct lesion enabling full access to   state-of-the-art segmentation methods and parameters, easy integration   of new algorithms and standardised results sharing. This post-processing   tool has been implemented as a plug-in for the OsiriX/Horos DICOM viewer   leveraging its database management functionalities and user interaction   features to provide a bespoke tool for the analysis of cardiac MR images   on large clinical cohorts. CMRSegTools includes, among others,   user-assisted segmentation of the left-ventricle, semi- and automatic   lesion segmentation methods, advanced statistical analysis and   visualisation based on the American Heart Association 17-segment model.   New segmentation methods can be integrated into the plug-in by   developing components based on image processing and visualisation   libraries such as ITK and VTK in C++ programming language. CMRSegTools   allows the creation of training and testing data sets (labeled features   such as lesion, microvascular obstruction and remote ROI) for supervised   Machine Learning methods, and enables the comparative assessment of   lesion segmentation methods via a single and integrated platform. The   plug-in has been successfully used by several CMR imaging studies.",10.1371/journal.pone.0274491
1643,InProceedings,Characterizing Technical Debt in Evolving Open-source Software,"Technical debt represents deficiencies in software design or   implementation often caused by prioritizing feature development over   fixing existing issues. Like its financial counterpart, technical debt   comprises a principal and an interest. Not addressing it in time leads   to development crises, where focus and resources must be shifted to   address existing issues. Existing software tools allow measuring the   level of debt and pinpointing its sources, which can help practitioners   control it. In the present paper we aim to investigate the prevalence,   characteristics, and evolution of technical debt in several open-source   applications. We used SonarQube to study 112 application versions that   covered more than 15 years of development for each application. We   studied the way debt characteristics and source code distribution   evolved over the target applications' lifecycles. We addressed concerns   regarding the accuracy of the analysis and illustrated some of the   limitations of existing tools. We observed that a small number of issue   types were responsible for most of the debt. We found that each   application had its own technical debt particularities. As future work,   we aim to expand our selection of analysis tools, leverage open data   sets, and extend our investigation to other systems and types of   software.",10.5220/0011073600003176
1644,InProceedings,Characterizing User Behaviors in Open-Source Software User Forums: An   Empirical Study,"User forums of Open Source Software (OSS) enable end-users to   collaboratively discuss problems concerning the OSS applications.   Despite decades of research on OSS, we know very little about how   end-users engage with OSS communities on these forums, in particular,   the challenges that hinder their continuous and meaningful participation   in the OSS community. Many previous works are developer-centric and   overlook the importance of end-user forums. As a result, end-users'   expectations are seldom reflected in OSS development. To better   understand user behaviors in OSS user forums, we carried out an   empirical study analyzing about 1.3 million posts from user forums of   four popular OSS applications: Zotero, Audacity, VLC, and RStudio.   Through analyzing the contribution patterns of three common user types   (end-users, developers, and organizers), we observed that end-users not   only initiated most of the threads (above 96\\% of threads in three   projects, 86\\% in the other), but also acted as the significant   contributors for responding to other users' posts, even though they   tended to lack confidence in their activities as indicated by   psycho-linguistic analyses. Moreover, we found end-users more open,   reflecting a more positive emotion in communication than organizers and   developers in the forums. Our work contributes new knowledge about   end-users' activities and behaviors in OSS user forums that the vital   OSS stakeholders can leverage to improve end-user engagement in the OSS   development process.",10.1145/3528579.3529178
1646,Article,Cloud Computing and Open Source Software for European Rural Schools,"Cloud computing technology offers great possibilities in contexts with   infrastructural difficulties and can provide a bridge to help overcome   the existing gap in European rural schools due to their lack of   resources, isolation, infrastructural limitations and technological   support. The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate   an environment for flexible teaching and collaboration in rural schools   in Europe based on cloud computing technology and was carried out in the   framework of a European research project (RuralSchoolCloud). For this   purpose, a design-based research (DBR) was conducted in 14 rural schools   in five European countries (Denmark, Spain, UK, Italy, Greece). The   study sample consisted of a total of 560 students and 72 teachers of   kindergarten, primary and compulsory secondary education who answered   the ``Questionnaire for the analysis of the cloud computing RSC   educational environment{''}. Overall, the results show that the RSC   educational environment proved to be a powerful tool to provide a   functional and usable technical educational resource for EU rural   schools, allowing temporal and spatial flexibility in teacher and   student interactions, and providing a tool adapted to the different   characteristics, needs and interests of rural schools.",10.12795/pixelbit.93937
1647,Article,Code comment generation based on graph neural network enhanced   transformer model for code understanding in open-source software   ecosystems,"In open-source software ecosystems, the scale of source code is getting   larger and larger, and developers often use various methods (good code   comments or method names, etc.) to make the code easier to read and   understand. However, high-quality code comments or method names are   often unavailable due to tight project schedules or other reasons in   open-source software ecosystems such as Github. Therefore, in this work,   we try to use deep learning models to generate appropriate code comments   or method names to help software development and maintenance, which   requires a non-trivial understanding of the code. Therefore, we propose   a Graph neural network enhanced Transformer model (GTrans for short) to   learn code representation to understand code better. Specifically,   GTrans learns code representation from code sequences and graphs. We use   a Transformer encoder to capture the global representation from code   sequence and a graph neural network (GNN) encoder to focus on the local   details in the code graph, and then use a decoder to combine both global   and local representations by attention mechanism. We use three public   datasets collected from GitHub to evaluate our model. In an extensive   evaluation, we show that GTrans outperforms the state-of-the-art models   up to 3.8\\% increase in METEOR metrics on code comment generation and   outperforms the state-of-the-art models by margins of 5.8\\%-9.4\\% in   ROUGE metrics on method name generation after some adjustments on the   structure. Empirically, we find the method name generation task depends   on more local information than global, and the code comment generation   task is in contrast. Our data and code are available at   https://github.com/zc-work/GTrans.",10.1007/s10515-022-00341-1
1648,Article,Codes of conduct in Open Source Software-for warm and fuzzy feelings or   equality in community?,"This paper focuses on codes of conduct (CoC) of Free and Open Source   Software (F/OSS) and their role in improving women's participation in   online communities of OSS. We investigated 355 F/OSS software package   websites for the presence of codes of conduct and then analyzed these   for diversity elements. Qualitative content analysis of the websites   shows that less than 10\\% (28) of the analyzed websites had some type of   community rules such as CoC. In-depth analysis of the CoCs demonstrated   many discrepancies in the terminology, length, enforcement, and adoption   of codes of conduct. To investigate the usage of these CoCs, we   investigate five women-focused OSS discussion forums. This analysis   shows the value of creating/adopting a CoC and the impact CoC can have   on the participation of women. We also present the challenges in the   usage and enforcement of CoCs as discussed by women of these forums. We   conclude with recommendations for better enforcement of CoC and   reflection on the ethical underpinnings of CoC as a tool to improve   diversity and inclusion in OSS.",10.1007/s11219-020-09543-w
1650,InProceedings,Collaborative annotation and semantic enrichment of 3D media A FOSS   toolchain,"A new FOSS (free and open source software) toolchain and associated   workflow is being developed in the context of NFDI4Culture, a German   consortium of research- and cultural heritage institutions working   towards a shared infrastructure for research data that meets the needs   of 21st century data creators, maintainers and end users across the   broad spectrum of the digital libraries and archives field, and the   digital humanities. This short paper and demo present how the integrated   toolchain connects: 1) OpenRefine - for data reconciliation and batch   upload; 2) Wikibase - for linked open data (LOD) storage; and 3)   Kompakkt - for rendering and annotating 3D models. The presentation is   aimed at librarians, digital curators and data managers interested in   learning how to manage research datasets containing 3D media, and how to   make them available within an open data environment with 3D-rendering   and collaborative annotation features.",10.1145/3529372.3533289
1652,InProceedings,Committed to Trust: A Qualitative Study on Security \\& Trust in Open   Source Software Projects,"Open Source Software plays an important role in many software   ecosystems. Whether in operating systems, network stacks, or as   low-level system drivers, software we encounter daily is permeated with   code contributions from open source projects. Decentralized development   and open collaboration in open source projects introduce unique   challenges: code submissions from unknown entities, limited personpower   for commit or dependency reviews, and bringing new contributors   up-to-date in projects' best practices \\& processes.   In 27 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with owners, maintainers, and   contributors from a diverse set of open source projects, we investigate   their security and trust practices. For this, we explore projects'   behind-the-scene processes, provided guidance \\& policies, as well as   incident handling \\& encountered challenges. We find that our   participants' projects are highly diverse both in deployed security   measures and trust processes, as well as their underlying motivations.   Based on our findings, we discuss implications for the open source   software ecosystem and how the research community can better support   open source projects in trust and security considerations. Overall, we   argue for supporting open source projects in ways that consider their   individual strengths and limitations, especially in the case of smaller   projects with low contributor numbers and limited access to resources.",10.1109/SP46214.2022.00143
1653,Article,"Community, Time, and (Con)text: A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Online   Communication and Community Health among Open-Source Software   Communities","Free and open-source software projects have become essential digital   infrastructure over the past decade. These projects are largely created   and maintained by unpaid volunteers, presenting a potential   vulnerability if the projects cannot recruit and retain new volunteers.   At the same time, their development on open collaborative development   platforms provides a nearly complete record of the community's   interactions; this affords the opportunity to study naturally occurring   language dynamics at scale and in a context with massive real-world   impact. The present work takes a dynamical systems view of language to   understand the ways in which communicative context and community   membership shape the emergence and impact of language use-specifically,   sentiment and expressions of gratitude. We then present evidence that   these language dynamics shape newcomers' likelihood of returning,   although the specific impacts of different community responses are   crucially modulated by the context of the newcomer's first contact with   the community.",10.1111/cogs.13134
1654,Article,Construction of a Research Requirement Participant Pool Using   Open-Source Software,"Introduction Recruiting undergraduate students to participate in   research has long been an established practice within psychology.   Although this data source has weaknesses, this involvement in the   research process has considerable pedagogical value in teaching students   research methodology. Statement of the Problem Most common software   packages used to manage participant pools tend to be expensive, to the   extent that it prohibits access for small institutions and departments.   Literature Review Highlighting the problem, we cite research related to   using undergraduates as participants, pedagogical value of these   experiences, and current trends in software distribution. We then   provide evidence of successful implementation of open-source software   (OSS) in educational settings, and conclude with OSS options capable of   addressing the problem of access. Teaching Implications By providing   students research experiences, both as a researcher and as a   participant, we enhance their understanding of this process. Secondary   to this, we can foster within them a skill set that is valuable to   disciplines outside of academia. Conclusion The implementation of an OSS   system to manage research participants provides a cost-effective means   to expand the learning and research opportunities of available to   students.",10.1177/00986283221088788
1655,InProceedings,Core Functional MES with Machine Monitoring using Open-Source Software,"The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has highlighted the need to   digitise the manufacturing environment. In line with this, the CSIR is   developing a low-cost Manufacturing Execution System (MES) based on   open-source software, intended to support SMME's in South Africa. It   leverages Node-RED for the core of the system, supported by other   open-source software such as InfluxDB, MongoDB, and Tasmota. The   development of this system is guided by the international standards and   definitions presented by the Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions   Association (MESA). The developed MES solution provides several   functions such as product creation, machine monitoring, and   dash-boarding to name a few, and proves that an MES solution can be   created using open-source software.",10.1109/RAPDASA-ROBMECH-PRAS53819.2021.9828813
1656,Article,Cui Bono: Do Open Source Software Incubator Policies and Procedures   Benefit the Projects or the Incubator?,"Open source software (OSS), a form of Digital or Knowledge Commons,   underlies much of the technology that we use in our daily lives. The   existence and continuation of OSS relies on the contribution of private   resources - personal time, volunteer energy, and effort of numerous   actors (e.g., software developers' time as a common-pool resource) - to   public goods, the benefits of which are enjoyed by everyone. Nonprofit   organizations such as the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) attempt to   aid this process by providing various collective services to OSS   projects, acting as a second-order actor in the production of the public   good. To this end, the ASF Incubator has created policies - essentially   rules or norms - that serve to protect its interests and, as they say,   increase the sustainability of the projects. Each policy requires   investment by ASF (in terms of money or the use of volunteer time) or an   incubating project (in terms of taking project personnel time), the   benefits of which can accrue to either party. Such policies may impose   additional costs on incubating projects, leading to a decreased   production of the OSS public good. Using the ASF Incubator policy   documents, we construct a dataset that records who - ASF or an   incubating project - bears the cost and who enjoys the benefit of each   policy and procedure. We can code most policy statements as costing one   party and benefiting one party. The distribution of costs and benefits   according to party indicates whether the second-order actor is   contributing to an increase in the public good and if they are doing so   sustainably. Through a two-way ANOVA, we characterize the impact of ASF   policies on the production of public goods (OSS). Being a part of ASF   imposes some costs on projects, but these costs may make projects more   sustainable. Our analysis shows that the distribution of costs and   benefits is fairly symmetric between the ASF and incubating projects.   Thus, the configuration of policies or the ``institutional design{''} of   the ASF could aid in producing the OSS public good by providing services   that projects require.",10.5334/ijc.1176
1658,Article,Deconstructing the Nature of Collaboration in Organizations Open Source   Software Development: The Impact of Developer and Task Characteristics,"One opportunity for organizations to participate in open source software   (OSS) development is through organizations OSS (orgsOSS), a term we use   to describe a group of organizations that commit resources to   collectively develop OSS. This archetype of OSS development is distinct   from other types that include organizations, yet is understudied. As   organizations increasingly contribute to and rely on OSS as part of   their strategy, understanding how they can collaborate to build software   holds importance for the future of software development. This study   collects a unique dataset of development tasks from a large orgsOSS   project spanning over two years and seven releases. Building on existing   OSS research, we explore norms with respect to collaboration, i.e., how   developers assign, discuss, and complete tasks, in an orgsOSS project.   Interestingly, our analysis reveals that developers in orgsOSS do not   always adhere to ideals of widespread sharing and participation espoused   by traditional OSS, however some developer and task characteristics   helped foster these ideals. Based on these and other findings, we   develop a set of propositions and associated collaboration mechanisms   that are important to future orgsOSS and other similarly structured   software development projects.",10.1109/TSE.2021.3108935
1660,Article,Defining the Role of Open Source Software in Research Reproducibility,"I explain the success of open source software (OSS) from the   perspectives of connectivism and the language-action framework.   Reproducibility engenders trust, which we build via conversations, and   OSS practices help us to learn how to be more effective learning   together, contributing to the same goal.",10.1109/MC.2022.3177133
1661,Article,Development of a REDCap-based workflow for high-volume relational data   analysis on real-time data in a medical department using open source   software,"Background/Aim: The current availability of large volumes of clinical   data has provided medical departments with the opportunity for   large-scale analyses, but it has also brought forth the need for an   effective strategy of data-storage and data-analysis that is both   technically feasible and economically sustainable in the context of   limited resources and manpower. Therefore, the aim of this study was to   develop a widely-usable data-collection and data-analysis workflow that   could be applied in medical departments to perform high-volume   relational data analysis on real-time data.   Methods: A sample project, based on a research database on   prostate-specific-membrane-antigen/positron-emission-tomography scans   performed in prostate cancer patients at our department, was used to   develop a new workflow for data-collection and data-analysis. A   checklist of requirements for a successful data-collection/analysis   strategy, based on shared clinical research experience, was used as   reference standard. Software libraries were selected based on widespread   availability, reliability, cost, and technical expertise of the research   team (REDCap-v11.0.0 for collaborative data-collection, Python-v3.8.5   for data retrieval and SQLite-v3.31.1 for data storage).   The primary objective of this study was to develop and implement a   workflow to: a) easily store large volumes of structured data into a   relational database, b) perform scripted analyses on relational data   retrieved in real-time from the database. The secondary objective was to   enhance the strategy cost-effectiveness by using open-source/cost-free   software libraries.   Results: A fully working data strategy was developed and successfully   applied to a sample research project. The REDCap platform provided a   remote and secure method to collaboratively collect large volumes of   standardized relational data, with low technical difficulty and   role-based access-control. A Python software was coded to retrieve live   data through the REDCap-API and persist them to an SQLite database,   preserving data-relationships. The SQL-language enabled complex datasets   retrieval, while Python allowed for scripted data computation and   analysis. Only cost-free software libraries were used and the sample   code was made available through a GitHub repository.   Conclusions: A REDCap-based data-collection and data-analysis workflow,   suitable for high-volume relational data-analysis on live data, was   developed and successfully implemented using open-source software. (C)   2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107111
1663,InProceedings,"Discrimination, Misogyny and Harassment: Examples from OSS","Open Source Software (OSS) communities are notorious for discrimination   and hostility towards women and currently, only 2-3 percent of the   online communities have ``safe spaces{''} focused on supporting women.   In this article, we present the results of our in-depth study of these   women-focused spaces. These spaces exist to provide a common forum for   discussion, support, empowerment, and engagement of minorities in OSS.   Our analysis focuses on the messages related to sexism and   discrimination experiences as posted on these discussion forums by women   of OSS. The results demonstrate examples of harassment, the support that   these spaces provide, and the impact of the discrimination on the   presence of women in OSS in general. We conclude with recommendations   for OSS community organizers for creating a friendly, equitable   environment for women in OSS.",10.1145/3524501.3527602
1664,InProceedings,"Discrimination, misogyny and harassment: Examples from OSS: content analysis of women-focused online discussion forums","Open Source Software (OSS) communities are notorious for discrimination and hostility towards women and currently, only 2--3 percent of OSS developers are women. Despite that, less than five percent of the online communities have ""safe spaces"" focused on supporting women. In this article, we present the results of our in-depth study of these women-focused spaces. These spaces exist to provide a common forum for discussion, support, empowerment, and engagement of minorities in OSS. Our analysis focuses on the messages related to sexism and discrimination experiences as posted on these discussion forums by women of OSS. The results demonstrate examples of harassment, the support that these spaces provide, and the impact of the discrimination on the presence of women in OSS in general. We conclude with recommendations for OSS community organizers for creating a friendly, equitable environment for women in OSS.",10.1145/3524501.3527602
1665,Article,Dnabarcoder: An open-source software package for analysing and   predicting DNA sequence similarity cutoffs for fungal sequence   identification,"The accuracy and precision of fungal molecular identification and   classification are challenging, particularly in environmental   metabarcoding approaches as these often trade accuracy for efficiency   given the large data volumes at hand. In most ecological studies, only a   single similarity cutoff value is used for sequence identification. This   is not sufficient since the most commonly used DNA markers are known to   vary widely in terms of inter- and intraspecific variability. We address   this problem by presenting a new tool, dnabarcoder, to predict local   similarity cutoffs and measure the resolving powers of a biomarker for   sequence identification for different clades of fungi. It was shown that   the predicted similarity cutoffs varied significantly between the clades   of a recently released ITS DNA barcode data set from the CBS culture   collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. When   classifying a large public fungal ITS data set-the UNITE   database-against the barcode data set, the local similarity cutoffs   assigned fewer sequences than the traditional cutoffs used in   metabarcoding studies. However, the obtained accuracy and precision were   significantly improved. Our study showed that it might be better to   extract the ITS region from the ITS barcodes to optimize taxonomic   assignment accuracy. Furthermore, 15.3, 25.6, and 26.3\\% of the fungal   species of the barcode data set were indistinguishable by full-length   ITS, ITS1, and ITS2, respectively. Except for these indistinguishable   species, the resolving powers of full-length ITS, ITS1, and ITS2   sequences were similar at the species level. Nevertheless, the complete   ITS region had a better resolving power at higher taxonomic levels.",10.1111/1755-0998.13651
1666,Article,Drug-Coated Floss to Treat Gum Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo   Characterization,"Treatment of gum disease often requires antibiotic treatment. In this   study, our objective was to advance the practicality of drug-coated   floss as an intra gum pocket drug delivery system. The initial design of   this delivery system has been previously reported by us. Here, we   advance the concept further through in vitro and in vivo evaluation. A   floss piece was dip coated in the middle section with model molecules   leaving free ends for holding. Porcine gum tissues were used ex vivo and   in vivo to evaluate the coated floss, including effect of coating   thickness on delivery efficiency, ability to deliver more than one type   of molecule (one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic), mechanical properties   using a scratch test, and finally retention of delivered material in   vivo in the porcine model. After reaching a certain coating thickness,   the delivery efficiency of the coated floss decreased, indicating the   presence of an optimal coating thickness. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic   molecules were successfully coated and delivered with high efficiency   into gum pockets. The scratch test indicated that the coatings were   resilient. Lastly, the in vivo analysis showed that the drug coating was   delivered into the porcine gum pocket with about 65\\% efficiency, and   the coatings could maintain extended residency within the gum pocket   despite the native adverse environment of the oral cavity. Overall, this   data shows that drug-coated floss can act as a drug delivery vehicle and   has potential to provide a minimally invasive and practical method for   the delivery of drugs into the gum pockets.",10.1021/acsami.2c07976
1668,Article,Educational use of free and open source software (FOSS): international   development and its implications for higher education,"Purpose Free and open-source software (FOSS) has been used worldwide   because of the advantages of user control, cost-saving, flexibility,   openness, freedom, more security and better stability. The purpose of   this study is to explore the status quo of educational application of   FOSS and the trends from international perspectives and its implications   for higher education in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach The   method of cluster analysis was used in this study. The Web of Science   database was used as the data source and all relevant literature for the   year 2010-2020 on the theme of ``FOSS{''} was collected for analysis.   The information visualization software CiteSpace was used for citation   visualization analysis, revealing the research results of FOSS   worldwide, including hot spots and development trends. Findings This   paper found that FOSS has become an important research area and is   playing an important role in the reform and development of education.   Meanwhile, the development and application of FOSS have regional   imbalances and strong differentiation, including the educational sector.   The paper also found that although FOSS has entered the stage of   interdisciplinary development, the research and development of FOSS in   the field of education is insufficient, which poses a huge challenge to   decision-makers, teachers and students. Originality/value Implications   for higher education in Hong Kong including: attach importance to and   vigorously promote FOSS research and practice to benefit more teachers   and students; teachers and students need to be trained for acquiring the   awareness and skills of FOSS applications and formulate different   strategies; the government should provide greater support to formulate   and implement a short and middle-term development plan to facilitate the   application of FOSS; and Hong Kong higher education institutions may   strengthen exchanges and cooperation with counterparts around the world   to jointly promote the development of FOSS. It is hoped that the   findings will provide a reference for the study and application of FOSS   in higher education in Hong Kong.",10.1108/ITSE-11-2020-0223
1669,Article,Effective Strategies for Using Open Source Software and Open Standards   in Organizational Contexts,NA,10.1109/MS.2021.3059036
1670,Article,Effective {Strategies} for {Using} {Open} {Source} {Software} and {Open} {Standards} in {Organizational} {Contexts}: {Experiences} {From} the {Primary} and {Secondary} {Software} {Sectors},"Many companies seek to engage with open source software (OSS) projects. Based on insights and experience from practice, we present seven strategies for organizations to leverage long-term involvement with OSS projects.",10.1109/MS.2021.3059036
1671,InProceedings,Evolution Model of Open-Source Software Projects in GitHub,"In the past decade, open-source software (OSS) has become a very popular   research topic in the field of software engineering. Because its code is   open to the public, it has been pursued by programming teams all over   the world, including those in universities, government agencies and   enterprises. In addition to analyzing some famous OSS projects,   researchers also studied OSS projects and their functions in GitHub.   However, the evolution process and the rules of OSS projects in GitHub   have not been widely investigated so we conducted in-depth research on   this issue. We use the cellular automata (CA) in the field of system   dynamics to model the OSS project, construct the evolution rules of the   Gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, define the objective vector,   objective function and key optimization operators of GWO for OSS   cellular evolution, and realize the intelligent acquisition of OSS   project evolution rules in GitHub. In addition, we also selected the   data of some OSS projects in GitHub from 2015 to 2020 for the simulation   experiment. The experiment results show that the total accuracy of the   simulation is 91.4\\%, which is consistent with real data.",10.1109/SEAI55746.2022.9832099
1672,Article,"Evolving collaboration, dependencies, and use in the Rust Open Source   Software ecosystem","Open Source Software (OSS) is widely spread in industry, research, and   government. OSS represents an effective development model because it   harnesses the decentralized efforts of many developers in a way that   scales. As OSS developers work independently on interdependent modules,   they create a larger cohesive whole in the form of an ecosystem, leaving   traces of their contributions and collaborations. Data harvested from   these traces enable the study of large-scale decentralized collaborative   work. We present curated data on the activity of tens of thousands of   developers in the Rust ecosystem and the evolving dependencies between   their libraries. The data covers eight years of developer contributions   to Rust libraries and can be used to reconstruct the ecosystem's   development history, such as growing developer collaboration networks or   dependency networks. These are complemented by data on downloads and   popularity, tracking dynamics of use, visibility, and success over time.   Altogether the data give a comprehensive view of several dimensions of   the ecosystem.",10.1038/s41597-022-01819-z
1674,Article,Exergo-ecological analysis and life cycle assessment of agro-wastes   using a combined simulation approach based on Cape-Open to Cape-Open   (COCO) and SimaPro free-software,"Thermochemical processes to convert bio-wastes into valuable products   and bioenergy have been extensively studied in the literature.   Experimental and, to a lesser extent, rigorous simulation papers   concerning these processes have been widely considered and discussed in   the literature. Nonetheless, there is still a gap to fill in providing a   fast and reliable simulation scheme. In this paper, an efficient   simulation strategy, combining the free-software COCO simulator for the   bio-waste slow pyrolysis coupled with commercial SimaPro code to carry   out the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), was applied. The pyrolysis product   yields at 673, 773, and 873 K were well predicted using mass and energy   balances and a proposed reaction scheme from the literature. Simulations   were validated using experimental data previously reported. The highest   yield was 53.7\\% for biochar (673 K - stalk of white grape), 32\\% for   bio-oil (773 K -marc of red grape), and 56.3\\% for gas (873 K -marc of   white grape). The results from LCA and cumulative exergy demand (CExD)   were useful to detect and reduce environmental impacts in previous   stages of the process.",10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.084
1675,Article,Exploring factors affecting developer abandonment of open source   software projects,"Open Source Software (OSS) projects have long been studied to understand   the need of community support for their growth and survival. However,   there has been limited research on developers' abandonment, though it is   found to have detrimental effect on quality and sustainability of OSS   projects. This paper examines the impact of developer and   project-related factors on developer abandonment in OSS projects.   Factors include developer attributes: experience, role, coding language,   and joining date, and project attributes: change complexity and   sentiments in commit logs. The findings are (1) for developer   experience, core/non-core member, and joining date; there exists a   pattern of developers abandoning the projects. (2) There is no definite   answer for coding language. (3) It does not relate to the change profile   of a project except a few indicators. Sentiments can also not be linked.   These results provide OSS community and researchers with useful insights   on developer abandonment and the factors influencing it or not.",10.1002/smr.2484
1677,InProceedings,Exploring trends and practices of forks in open-source software repositories,"Forking a software repository is a popular and recommended prac­tice among developers. A fork is a copy of the original repository that can evolve independently from the parent repository, allowing developers to experiment with a code base or test new features without the danger of affecting the original project. A fork can result in changes that are pushed back to the original project or even evolve into an independent project. Some projects tend to be forked extensively to the point where their forks are also forked and form families of projects. In this work, we explore the motiva­tion, the practices and the culture of forking open-source software repositories. In particular, we study how forks evolve compared to the parent repository, how they are related to pull requests, how they contribute back to the parent, and how dependencies, in terms of libraries or external modules defined in a build script, are shared or differ within project families. Finally, we relate our findings with how communication and collaboration occurs within software families.",NA
1678,Article,Fabrication and characterization of tea polyphenol W/O   microemulsion-based bioactive edible film for sustained release in fish   floss preservation,"A coated nanoemulsion (CNE)-based edible film was fabricated on the   surface of fish floss (FF) to extend its shelf life during storage. The   antioxidant tea polyphenol (TPP) was embedded into W/O microemulsion,   which was further encapsulated into multiple emulsion (Multi-E) together   with functional soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The physicochemical   properties indicated that the nanoemulsion-based edible film (NEF)   improved the morphology of FF and reduced the crystallinity of the film   by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The   water vapor permeability increased gradually and rose to only 0.99\\%   after 5 h, resulting in the water activity of FF at a low level (<=   0.51) during the storage period. The TPP inside was released at a   constant rate (<= 18.10\\%) on the surface, and such a rate was   accelerated in the simulated gastrointestinal environment, especially in   intestine reaching 60.12\\% after 5 h of digestion. Besides, the effect   of NEF on the flavor was also evaluated and the contents of ketones,   phenols, and pyrazines increased, which displayed a regulating effect on   the overall flavor of FF by blocking the external moisture and   suppressing the microorganism activity. In summary, the NEF effectively   enhanced the flavor and taste of FF, controlled the release of TPP, and   reduced the water activity during the storage, thereby extending the   shelf life.",10.1002/fsn3.2845
1681,InProceedings,Follow the Leader: Technical and Inspirational Leadership in Open Source   Software,"We conduct the first comprehensive study of the behavioral factors which   predict leader emergence within open source software (OSS) virtual   teams. We leverage the full history of developers' interactions with   their teammates and projects at github.com between January 2010 and   April 2017 (representing about 133 million interactions) to establish   that - contrary to a common narrative describing open source as a pure   ``technical meritocracy{''} - developers' communication abilities and   community building skills are significant predictors of whether they   emerge as team leaders. Inspirational communication therefore appears as   central to the process of leader emergence in virtual teams, even in a   setting like OSS, where technical contributions have often been   conceptualized as the sole pathway to gaining community recognition.   Those results should be of interest to researchers and practitioners   theorizing about OSS in particular and, more generally, leadership in   geographically dispersed virtual teams, as well as to online community   managers.",10.1145/3491102.3517516
1683,Article,Free and open source software for computational chemistry education,"After decades of waiting, computational chemistry for the masses is   finally here. Our brief review on free and open source software (FOSS)   packages points out the existence of software offering a wide range of   functionality, all the way from approximate semiempirical calculations   with tight-binding density functional theory to sophisticated ab initio   wave function methods such as coupled-cluster theory, covering both   molecular and solid-state systems. Combined with the remarkable increase   in the computing power of personal devices, which now rivals that of the   fastest supercomputers in the world in the 1990s, we demonstrate that a   decentralized model for teaching computational chemistry is now possible   thanks to FOSS packages, enabling students to perform reasonable   modeling on their own computing devices in the bring your own device   (BYOD) scheme. FOSS software can be made trivially simple to install and   keep up to date, eliminating the need for departmental support, and also   enables comprehensive teaching strategies, as various algorithms' actual   implementations can be used in teaching. We exemplify what kinds of   calculations are feasible with four FOSS electronic structure programs,   assuming only extremely modest computational resources, to illustrate   how FOSS packages enable decentralized approaches to computational   chemistry education within the BYOD scheme. FOSS also has further   benefits driving its adoption: the open access to the source code of   FOSS packages democratizes the science of computational chemistry, and   FOSS packages can be used without limitation also beyond education, in   academic and industrial applications, for example. This article is   categorized under: Software > Quantum Chemistry",10.1002/wcms.1610
1684,Article,Free software meets Facebook: Placing digital platforms' usage by free   culture communities,"The use of digital platforms in social movements has given the Internet   a central role in analyzing activism over the last decade. However,   social networks' potential for social change has to be analyzed   critically and take complex economic and political contexts where actors   remain unequally powerful into consideration. Through a combined   methodology, this article explores the tensions of free culture   communities in Spain when using proprietary digital platforms. These   communities include 1651 platforms, of which 1162 are proprietary, and   489 are free. They describe a complex ecology in which they use   proprietary platforms or free alternatives depending on their ultimate   goals. The logic of technological corporations is notably imposed when   communities aim to communicate with outsiders as commercial social   networks attract a significantly greater number of users.",10.1177/1461444820971629
1685,Article,GIS-BASED LAND COVER ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION BASED ON OPEN-SOURCE   SOFTWARE AND DATA,"The study aims at land cover prediction based on cellular automata and   artificial neural network (CA-ANN) method implemented in the Methods Of   Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE) tool. The Tricity region and the   neighbouring counties of Gdanski and Kartuzy were taken as the research   areas, and coordination of information on the environment (CORINE Land   Cover, CLC, CLMS 2022) data for 2006, 2012 and 2018 were used to   analyse, simulate and predict land cover for 2024, the next reference   year of the CORINE inventory. The results revealed an increase in   artificial surfaces, with the highest value during the period 2006-2012   (86.56 km(2)). In total, during the period 2006-2018, the growth in   urbanised area amounted to 95.37 km(2). The 2024 prediction showed that   artificial surfaces increased by 9.19 km(2), resulting in a decline in   agricultural land.",10.2478/quageo-2022-0026
1686,Article,Gender and Participation in Open Source Software Development,"Open source software represents an important form of digital infrastructure as well as a pathway to technical careers for many developers, but women are drastically underrepresented in this setting. Although there is a good body of literature on open source participation, there is very little understanding of the participation trajectories and contribution experiences of women developers, and how they compare to those of men developers, in open source software projects. In order to understand their joining and participation trajectories, we conducted interviews with 23 developers (11 men and 12 women) who became core in an open source project. We identify differences in women and men's motivations for initial contributions and joining processes (e.g. women participating in projects that they have been invited to) and sustained involvement in a project. We also describe unique negative experiences faced by women contributors in this setting in each stage of participation. Our results have implications for diversifying participation in open source software and understanding open source as a pathway to technical careers.",10.1145/3555190
1687,Article,GeothermoTool: An open-source software for basic geothermal calculations   and plots,"The primary goal of this study is to introduce the open-source,   Python-based application GeothermoTool, which is designed for geothermal   calculations and plots. GeothermalTool provides thermal conductivity   correction, temperature log analysis, estimation of the potential of   geothermal reservoirs, temperature distribution in one -and   two-dimensions computing, and tectono-thermal evolution modeling. Those   functions are frequently used during the geothermal exploration. In   addition, the calculation results can be visualized by the Matplotlib   module and exported to files such as MS EXCEL and Comma-Separated Values   (CSV). The plots can be saved as bitmaps and vectorgraphs, enabling   second editing. Moreover, GeothermoTool offers a standalone PC   application with an intuitive user interface that is simple to use.   Numpy, Scipy, and Numba are used to speed up the cal-culations. The   source code of GeothermoTool is accessible on GitHub. Users who are   capable of programming in Python can join the development team, correct   bugs, and add new functions.",10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102551
1688,Article,HADOKEN: An open-source software package for predicting electron   confinement effects in various nanowire geometries and configurations,"We present an open-source software package, HADOKEN (High-level   Algorithms to Design, Optimize, and Keep Electrons in Nanowires), for   predicting electron confinement/localization effects in nanowires with   various geometries, arbitrary number of concentric shell layers, doping   densities, and external boundary conditions. The HADOKEN code is written   in the MATLAB programming environment to aid in its readability and   general accessibility to both users and practitioners. We provide   several examples and outputs on a variety of different nanowire   geometries, boundary conditions, and doping densities to demonstrate the   capabilities of the HADOKEN software package. As such, the use of this   predictive and versatile tool by both experimentalists and theorists   could lead to further advances in both understanding and tailoring   electron confinement effects in these nanosystems.   Program summary   Program Title: HADOKEN   CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/jyzk4gfytx.1   Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3   Programming language: MATLAB   Nature of problem: HADOKEN utilizes iterative finite element methods to   solve coupled Schrodinger and Poisson equations for heterostructure   core-shell nanowires with arbitrary cross-sectional geometries. The   user-friendly program outputs graphical results of electronic energies,   densities, wavefunctions, and band profiles for various user-supplied   input parameters.   Solution method: iterative solution of coupled Schrodinger and Poisson   equations using finite element methods and sparse matrix linear algebra.   (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.",10.1016/j.cpc.2022.108299
1689,Article,HSI-PP: A flexible open-source software for hyperspectral imaging-based   plant phenotyping,"Hyperspectral imaging has become one of the most popular techniques for   high-throughput plant phenotyping. Extracting and analyzing useful plant   phenotypic traits from hyperspectral images represents a major   bottleneck for plant science and breeding communities. This study aims   to present a stand-alone easy-to-use software platform called HSI-PP to   process and analyze hyperspectral images for high-throughput plant   phenotyping. The HSI-PP software integrates pre-processing, feature   extraction, and modeling functions. The application of HSI-PP is   exemplified by investigating the response of different Arabidopsis   thaliana genotypes to drought stress, and the impact of various imaging   angles on predicting the canopy nitrogen content (CNC) of oilseed rape   (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that HSI-PP can process 10 GB on   an ordinary PC in time ranging from 30 to 73 min according to image size   and the complexity of the pipeline. HSI-PP extracted multiple   phenotyping traits (spectral, textural, and morphological) of   Arabidopsis thaliana from a large image dataset (104 GB) within five   hours. The fusion of these features achieved higher accuracy (94\\%) than   only using spectral information (85\\%) as early as day 4 after drought   stress treatment. For oilseed rape, about 384 GB image data was   processed within eighteen hours, and it was found that the tilted   imaging angle of 75 had the optimized PLSR fitting (0.83) to the ground   truth. The results demonstrate that HSI-PP is a stand-alone, automated,   and open-source hyperspectral image processing platform adapted to   various applications in plant phenotyping without requiring professional   programming skills to serve the plant research community.",10.1016/j.compag.2022.107248
1690,Article,Hacking the learning: possible pathways for a feminist pedagogy of free   software in activist experiences in Argentina,"The article seeks to provide new perspectives on the gender gap that   characterizes free software, from the review of a series of experiences   that have been taking place in Argentina in recent years, which aim at   building bridges between free software and feminism. The empirical   corpus selected for this work is built upon a series of interviews with   free software activists and records of participant observation in events   promoted by the communities of which the interviewees are part. A close   look at their experiences allows us to recognize a set of commonalities   that converge in a process in which they rewrite and resignify the   principles that have historically been assigned to `hacker learning'. In   this way, I argue that these experiences enable new meanings and   practices that configure scenarios for a feminist pedagogy of free   software.",10.1080/17439884.2022.2031213
1691,Article,Help me with this: A categorization of open source software problems,"Context: Free and Open Source Software is widely used in the research   community and the software industry. In this context, developers come   across various issues they need to handle in order to use and create   software responsibly and without causing legal violations. For instance,   using open source software that carries a specific license or how   contributions to open source software should be handled are among the   issues that need to be considered.Objective: As practitioners turn   primarily to Q\\&A sites to seek help, it is important to understand   which specific open source software issues they face. In this research,   our main objective is to provide a categorization of open source   software problems present in the user questions of the Open Source Stack   Exchange site and perform a meta-analysis on the encountered   questions.Method: We have performed a qualitative study analyzing   manually 1,500 most popular posts in the Open Source Stack Exchange site   and have mapped them to categories and more generic clusters. The coding   task was performed in iterations with the participation of three of the   authors. Agreement was calculated and cases of disagreement were   resolved. Meta-analysis on questions and answers was also performed for   discussion purposes.Results: We have created 26 categories of problems   discussed in the Open Source Stack Exchange site, and grouped them into   6 clusters. Our results show that posts on license texts/conditions and   license/copyright notices are more common, whereas posts on license   differences are the most popular in terms of views by other   users.Conclusion: The results can assist any participant of the open   source software community to understand on which basic issues she should   focus on to gain a good understanding of open source software. They are   also useful for improving education on open source software and   community support using the implications presented for each category.",10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107034
1692,InProceedings,Hits and Misses: Newcomers' ability to identify Skills needed for OSS   tasks,"Participation in Open Source Software (OSS) projects offers real   software development experience for students and other newcomers seeking   to develop their skills. However, onboarding to an OSS project brings   various challenges, including finding a suitable task among various open   issues. Selecting an appropriate starter task requires newcomers to   identify the skills needed to solve a project issue and avoiding tasks   too far from their skill set. However, little is known about how   effective newcomers are in identifying the skills needed to resolve an   issue. We asked 154 undergrad students to evaluate issues from OSS   projects and infer the skills needed to contribute. Students reported a   total of 94 skills, which we classified into 10 categories. We compared   the students' answers to those collected from 6 professional developers.   In general, students misidentified and missed several skills   (f-measure=0.37). Students had results closer to professional developers   for skills related to database, operating infrastructure, programming   concepts, and programming language, and they had worse results in   identifying skills related to debugging and program comprehension. Our   results can help educators who seek to use OSS as part of their courses   and OSS communities that want to label newcomer-friendly issues to   facilitate onboarding of new contributors.",10.1109/SANER53432.2022.00032
1693,Article,How Gender-Biased Tools Shape Newcomer Experiences in OSS Projects,"Previous research has revealed that newcomer women are   disproportionately affected by gender-biased barriers in open source   software (OSS) projects. However, this research has focused mainly on   social/cultural factors, neglecting the software tools and   infrastructure. To shed light on how OSS tools and infrastructure might   factor into OSS barriers to entry, we conducted two studies: (1) a field   study with five teams of software professionals, who worked through five   use cases to analyze the tools and infrastructure used in their OSS   projects; and (2) a diary study with 22 newcomers (9 women and 13 men)   to investigate whether the barriers matched the ones identified by the   software professionals. The field study produced a bleak result:   software professionals found gender biases in 73 percent of all the   newcomer barriers they identified. Further, the diary study confirmed   these results: Women newcomers encountered gender biases in 63 percent   of barriers they faced. Fortunately, many kinds of barriers and biases   revealed in these studies could potentially be ameliorated through   changes to the OSS software environments and tools.",10.1109/TSE.2020.2984173
1694,InProceedings,How Long Do Vulnerabilities Live in the Code? A Large-Scale Empirical   Measurement Study on FOSS Vulnerability Lifetimes,"How long do vulnerabilities live in the repositories of large, evolving   projects? Although the question has been identified as an interesting   problem by the software community in online forums, it has not been   investigated yet in adequate depth and scale, since the process of   identifying the exact point in time when a vulnerability was introduced   is particularly cumbersome. In this paper, we provide an automatic   approach for accurately estimating how long vulnerabilities remain in   the code (their lifetimes). Our method relies on the observation that   while it is difficult to pinpoint the exact point of introduction for   one vulnerability, it is possible to accurately estimate the average   lifetime of a large enough sample of vulnerabilities, via a heuristic   approach.   With our approach, we perform the first large-scale measurement of Free   and Open Source Software vulnerability lifetimes, going beyond   approaches estimating lower bounds prevalent in previous research. We   find that the average lifetime of a vulnerability is around 4 years,   varying significantly between projects (similar to 2 years for Chromium,   similar to 7 years for OpenSSL). The distribution of lifetimes can be   approximately described by an exponential distribution. There are no   statistically significant differences between the lifetimes of different   vulnerability types when considering specific projects. Vulnerabilities   are getting older, as the average lifetime of fixed vulnerabilities in a   given year increases over time, influenced by the overall increase of   code age. However, they live less than non-vulnerable code, with an   increasing spread over time for some projects, suggesting a notion of   maturity that can be considered an indicator of quality. While the   introduction of fuzzers does not significantly reduce the lifetimes of   memory-related vulnerabilities, further research is needed to better   understand and quantify the impact of fuzzers and other tools on   vulnerability lifetimes and on the security of codebases.",NA
1695,Article,How Software Quality Mediates the Impact of Intellectual Capital on   Commercial Open-Source Software Company Success,"The recent surge in the number of commercial open-source software (COSS)   companies shows the growing importance of COSS companies in the software   industry. As knowledge-based firms, COSS companies' success depends   heavily on the interplay among intangible resources such as human   capital, relational capital, structural capital, and software quality.   To observe these relationships, we conducted a hypothesis-testing   questionnaire-type survey involving 200 software development experts and   professionals working at 60 multinational COSS companies. Accordingly,   the study unearthed two different but conjoint ways (i.e., direct and   indirect) in which intellectual capital impacts COSS company's success.   On the one hand, relational capital one of the intellectual capital   components directly affects COSS company's success. On the other hand,   relational and structural capital indirectly affect COSS company success   through human capital, which, in turn, is itself mediated by software   quality in a sequential mediation model. Therefore, COSS companies may   need to prioritize software quality as it is the most critical variable   impacting the success of COSS companies.",10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3170058
1697,InProceedings,How to characterize the health of an Open Source Software project? A   snowball literature review of an emerging practice,"Motivation: Society's dependence on Open Source Software (OSS) and the   communities that maintain the OSS is ever-growing. So are the potential   risks of, e.g., vulnerabilities being introduced in projects not   actively maintained. By assessing an OSS project's capability to stay   viable and maintained over time without interruption or weakening, i.e.,   the OSS health, users can consider the risk implied by using the OSS as   is, and if necessary, decide whether to help improve the health or   choose another option. However, such assessment is complex as OSS health   covers a wide range of subtopics, and existing support is limited. Aim:   We aim to create an overview of characteristics that affect the health   of an OSS project and enable the assessment thereof. Method: We conduct   a snowball literature review based on a start set of 9 papers, and   identify 146 relevant papers over two iterations of forward and backward   snowballing. Health characteristics are elicited and coded using   structured and axial coding into a framework structure. Results: The   final framework consists of 107 health characteristics divided among 15   themes. Characteristics address the socio-technical spectrum of the   community of actors maintaining the OSS project, the software and other   deliverables being maintained, and the orchestration facilitating the   maintenance. Characteristics are further divided based on the level of   abstraction they address, i.e., the OSS project-level specifically, or   the project's overarching ecosystem of related OSS projects. Conclusion:   The framework provides an overview of the wide span of health   characteristics that may need to be considered when evaluating OSS   health and can serve as a foundation both for research and practice.",10.1145/3555051.3555067
1701,Article,"How {Do} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Contributors} {Perceive} and {Address} {Usability}?: {Valued} {Factors}, {Practices}, and {Challenges}","Given the recent changes in the open source software (OSS) landscape, we examined OSS contributors’ current valued factors, practices, and challenges concerning usability. Our survey provides insights for OSS practitioners and tool designers to promote a user-centric mindset and improve usability practice in OSS communities.",10.1109/MS.2020.3009514
1703,InProceedings,Identification and Mitigation of Toxic Communications Among Open Source   Software Developers,"Toxic and unhealthy conversations during the developer's communication   may reduce the professional harmony and productivity of Free and Open   Source Software (FOSS) projects. For example, toxic code review comments   may raise pushback from an author to complete suggested changes. A toxic   communication with another person may hamper future communication and   collaboration. Research also suggests that toxicity disproportionately   impacts newcomers, women, and other participants from marginalized   groups. Therefore, toxicity is a barrier to promote diversity, equity,   and inclusion. Since the occurrence of toxic communications is not   uncommon among FOSS communities and such communications may have serious   repercussions, the primary objective of my proposed dissertation is to   automatically identify and mitigate toxicity during developers' textual   interactions. On this goal, I aim to: i) build an automated toxicity   detector for Software Engineering (SE) domain, ii) identify the notion   of toxicity across demographics, and iii) analyze the impacts of   toxicity on the outcomes of Open Source Software (OSS) projects.",10.1145/3551349.3559570
1704,Article,Identifying Challenges for OSS Vulnerability Scanners-A Study \\& Test   Suite,"The use of vulnerable open-source dependencies is a known problem in   today's software development. Several vulnerability scanners to detect   known-vulnerable dependencies appeared in the last decade, however,   there exists no case study investigating the impact of development   practices, e.g., forking, patching, re-bundling, on their performance.   This paper studies (i) types of modifications that may affect vulnerable   open-source dependencies and (ii) their impact on the performance of   vulnerability scanners. Through an empirical study on 7,024 Java   projects developed at SAP, we identified four types of modifications:   re-compilation, re-bundling, metadata-removal and re-packaging. In   particular, we found that more than 87 percent (56 percent, resp.) of   the vulnerable Java classes considered occur in Maven Central in   re-bundled (re-packaged, resp.) form. We assessed the impact of these   modifications on the performance of the open-source vulnerability   scanners OWASP Dependency-Check (OWASP) and Eclipse Steady, GitHub   Security Alerts, and three commercial scanners. The results show that   none of the scanners is able to handle all the types of modifications   identified. Finally, we present Achilles, a novel test suite with 2,505   test cases that allow replicating the modifications on open-source   dependencies.",10.1109/TSE.2021.3101739
1706,Article,ImShot: An Open-Source Software for Probabilistic Identification of   Proteins<i> In</i><i> Situ</i> and Visualization of Proteomics Data,"Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has developed into a powerful tool   allowing label-free detection of numerous biomolecules in situ. In   contrast to shotgun proteomics, proteins/peptides can be detected   directly from biological tissues and correlated to its morphology   leading to a gain of crucial clinical information. However, direct   identification of the detected molecules is currently challenging for   MALDI-IMS, thereby compelling researchers to use complementary   techniques and resource intensive experimental setups. Despite these   strategies, sufficient information could not be extracted because of   lack of an optimum data combination strategy/software. Here, we   introduce a new open-source software ImShot that aims at identifying   peptides obtained in MALDI-IMS. This is achieved by combining   information from IMS and shotgun proteomics (LC-MS) measurements of   serial sections of the same tissue. The software takes advantage of a   two group comparison to determine the search space of IMS masses after   deisotoping the corresponding spectra. Ambiguity in annotations of IMS   peptides is eliminated by introduction of a novel scoring system that   identifies the most likely parent protein of a detected peptide in the   corresponding IMS dataset. Thanks to its modular structure, the software   can also handle LC-MS data separately and display interactive enrichment   plots and enriched Gene Ontology terms or cellular pathways. The   software has been built as a desktop application with a conveniently   designed graphic user interface to provide users with a seamless   experience in data analysis. ImShot can run on all the three major   desktop operating systems and is freely available under Massachusetts   Institute of Technology license.",10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100242
1707,Article,Implementation of the Marangoni effect in an open-source software   environment and the influence of surface tension modeling in the mushy   region in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF),"Tangential surface tension forces on a gas-liquid interface due to   surface tension gradients have been implemented in the computational   fluid dynamics (CFD) solver icoReactingMultiphaselnterFoarn provided by   the open-source software environment of OpenFOAM OpenCFD Ltd (ESI Group)   OpenFOAM (online) https://www.openfoam.com/ (accessed 21 May 2021), so   that the Marangoni effect can be taken into account, which is a main   driver of heat transfer in additive manufacturing processes that   comprise a melt pool. The solver surpasses the capabilities of similar   open-source projects by considering a wide range of physical effects,   e.g. multiple phases, melting, solidification, evaporation, and laser   beam heat sources with an arbitrary intensity distribution and thus   makes it an appealing framework, especially for the simulation of the   laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Herein, all relevant details and   derivation considering the Marangoni effect are provided and validated   by means of a benchmark problem by comparing the obtained results with   the available analytical solution, with the results obtained from a   commercial CFD tool and with the results of other authors. The modified   solver is additionally validated by comparing the results from LPBF   simulations with experimental data. Furthermore, the influence of the   surface tension modeling on the mushy region is investigated. The   optimized implementation shows improvements of the simulation results in   both the dimensions and shape of the melt pool and the resulting surface   with regard to the experimental data.",10.1088/1361-651X/ac4a26
1708,Article,"Including Everyone, Everywhere: Understanding Opportunities and   Challenges of Geographic Gender-Inclusion in OSS","The gender gap is a significant concern facing the software industry as   the development becomes more geographically distributed. Widely shared   reports indicate that gender differences may be specific to each region.   However, how complete can these reports be with little to no research   reflective of the Open Source Software (OSS) process and communities   software is now commonly developed in? Our study presents a multi-region   geographical analysis of gender inclusion on GitHub. This mixed-methods   approach includes quantitatively investigating differences in gender   inclusion in projects across geographic regions and investigate these   trends over time using data from contributions to 21,456 project   repositories. We also qualitatively understand the unique experiences of   developers contributing to these projects through a survey that is   strategically targeted to developers in various regions worldwide. Our   findings indicate that gender diversity is low across all parts of the   world, with no substantial difference across regions. However, there has   been statistically significant improvement in diversity worldwide since   2014, with certain regions such as Africa improving at faster pace. We   also find that most motivations and barriers to contributions (e.g.,   lack of resources to contribute and poor working environment) were   shared across regions, however, some insightful differences, such as how   to make projects more inclusive, did arise. From these findings, we   derive and present implications for tools that can foster inclusion in   open source software communities and empower contributions from   everyone, everywhere.",10.1109/TSE.2021.3092813
1710,Article,Information technology governance: service management with free software,"Information technology governance is necessary for the IT area to   maintain its alignment with the organizational strategy. Appropriate   management tools in free software, in addition to reducing the necessary   investments in software, enable the development of new functionalities   and also provide for local technological development. An association is   made between free software and social technology, due to their mutual   characteristics, in which technology is developed and shared by the   community, providing autonomy and independence. The objective is to   raise knowledge and application of information technology governance   using free tools. To achieve this goal, a literature review on IT   governance and free software was carried out, with a focus on   Gestionnaire Libre de Parc Informatique (GLPI). Then, a research with   exploratory-descriptive objective, qualitative-quantitative approach,   with field research procedures and case study was carried out. Data were   obtained through the application of a questionnaire, being the case unit   the Federal Institute of Sao Paulo. It was applied as analysis method:   content analysis, comparative analysis and, finally, a descriptive   analysis. As a result, it was observed that governance brings the   proposal of transparency in the use of technologies, human resources and   actions performed in society, by society and for society. It is   concluded that the results achieved can contribute to expand the   knowledge about the application of information technology governance   practices and the use of free software in that institution and other   related institutions, improvement in the services rendered to the   population.",10.22279/navus.2022.v12.p01-17.1681
1711,InProceedings,Intelligent Code Review Assignment for Large Scale Open Source Software   Stacks,"In the process of developing software, code review is crucial. By   identifying problems before they arise in production, it enhances the   quality of the code. Finding the best reviewer for a code change,   however, is extremely challenging especially in large scale, especially   open source software stacks with cross functioning designs and   collaborations among multiple developers and teams. Additionally, a   review by someone who lacks knowledge and understanding of the code can   result in high resource consumption and technical errors. The reviewers   who have the specialty in both functioning (domain knowledge) and   non-functioning areas of a commit are considered as the most qualified   reviewer to look over any changes to the code. Quality attributes serve   as the connection among the user requirements, delivered function   description, software architecture and implementation through put the   entire software stack cycle. In this study, we target on auto reviewer   assignment in large scale software stacks and aim to build a   self-learning, and self-correct platform for intelligently matching   between a commit based on its quality attributes and the skills sets of   reviewers. To achieve this, quality attributes are classified and   abstracted from the commit messages and based on which, the commits are   assigned to the reviewers with the capability in reviewing the target   commits. We first designed machine learning schemes for abstracting   quality attributes based on historical data from the OpenStack   repository. Two models are built and trained for automating the   classification of the commits based on their quality attributes using   the manual labeling of commits and multi-class classifiers. We then   positioned the reviewers based on their historical data and the quality   attributes characteristics. Finally we selected the recommended reviewer   based on the distance between a commit and candidate reviewers. In this   paper, we demonstrate how the models can choose the best quality   attributes and assign the code review to the most qualified reviewers.   With a comparatively small training dataset, the models are able to   achieve F-1 scores of 77\\% and 85.31\\%, respectively.",10.1145/3551349.3561147
1712,Article,Introducing selfisher: open source software for statistical analyses of   fishing gear selectivity,"There is a need to improve fishing methods to select for certain sizes   and species while excluding others. Experiments are conducted to   quantify selectivity of fishing gears and how variables such as gear   design (e.g., mesh size, mesh shape), environmental parameters (e.g.,   light, turbidity, substrate) or biological parameters (e.g., fish   condition) alter selectivity; the resulting data need to be analyzed   using specialized statistical methods in many cases. Here, we present a   new tool for analyzing this type of data: an R package named   ``selfisher{''}. It allows estimating multiple fixed effects (e.g., fish   length, total catch weight, environmental variables) and random effects   (e.g, haul). A bootstrapping procedure is also provided. We demonstrate   its use via four case studies, including (A) covered codend analyses of   four gears, (B) a paired gear study with numerous covariates, (C) a   catch comparison study of unpaired hauls of gillnets and (D) a catch   comparison study of paired hauls using polynomials and splines. This   software will make it easier to model selectivity, teach statistical   methods, and make analyses more repeatable.",10.1139/cjfas-2021-0099
1713,Article,MPTHub: An Open-Source Software for Characterizing the Transport of   Particles in Biorelevant Media,"The study of particle transport in different environments plays an   essential role in understanding interactions with humans and other   living organisms. Importantly, obtained data can be directly used for   multiple applications in fields such as fundamental biology, toxicology,   or medicine. Particle movement in biorelevant media can be readily   monitored using microscopy and converted into time-resolved trajectories   using freely available tracking software. However, translation into   tangible and meaningful parameters is time consuming and not always   intuitive. We developed new software-MPTHub-as an open-access,   standalone, user-friendly tool for the rapid and reliable analysis of   particle trajectories extracted from video microscopy. The software was   programmed using Python and allowed to import and analyze trajectory   data, as well as to export relevant data such as individual and ensemble   time-averaged mean square displacements and effective diffusivity, and   anomalous transport exponent. Data processing was reliable, fast (total   processing time of less than 10 s), and required minimal memory   resources (up to a maximum of around 150 MB in random access memory).   Demonstration of software applicability was conducted by studying the   transport of different polystyrene nanoparticles (100-200 nm) in mucus   surrogates. Overall, MPTHub represents a freely available software tool   that can be used even by inexperienced users for studying the transport   of particles in biorelevant media.",10.3390/nano12111899
1714,Article,Maintenance effort expense modeling based on cyclic Wiener processes of   two types for edge OSS computing,"The appropriate control of maintenance effort in the edge computing   based on open-source software (OSS) relates to stable and reliable   operation, because the fault detection phenomenon depends on the effort   expenditure. Actually, several software reliability growth models with   testing-effort have been proposed in the past. In this paper, we propose   cyclic Wiener process models to consider the network environment under   the edge OSS operation. Then, we assume that the sawtooth wave and   square one as the cyclic noises. Thereby, the proposed models will be   able to comprehend two characteristics of OSS and network environment.   Then, it will be useful to assess the operation effort expenditures with   network environment of edge OSS service. Moreover, actual effort data   sets are analyzed to show numerical examples of the proposed model   considering the network environment under the edge OSS operation.",10.1080/15326349.2022.2149555
1715,Article,Maintenance effort management based on double jump diffusion model for   OSS project,"Many open source software (OSS) under various OSS projects are in action   around the world. Considering the characteristics of OSS development and   management projects, operation performance measures for OSS project   management will take an irregular fluctuation in the long term of   operation, because several developer and many users are closely related   to the maintenance of OSS. Also, OSS projects will heavily depend the   environment of internet network. This paper focuses on the irregular   fluctuation of operation performance measures for OSS project   management. We apply the double jump diffusion process models to the   noisy cases in the operation of OSS. In particular, the maintenance   effort is estimated by the stochastic differential equation model in   terms of OSS project management. Moreover, we propose the method of   maintenance effort management based on the double jump diffusion process   model considering the irregular fluctuation of performance for OSS   projects. Thereby, it will be helpful for the OSS developers and   managers to understand the maintenance effort status of OSS from the   standpoint of OSS project management. Also, we analyze actual data to   show numerical examples of the proposed models with the characteristics   considering noisy and jump of OSS projects.",10.1007/s10479-019-03170-w
1717,Article,Managing Episodic Volunteers in Free/Libre/Open Source Software   Communities,"We draw on the concept of episodic volunteering (EV) from the general   volunteering literature to identify practices for managing EV in   free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) communities. Infrequent but   ongoing participation is widespread, but the practices that community   managers are using to manage EV, and their concerns about EV, have not   been previously documented. We conducted a policy Delphi study involving   24 FLOSS community managers from 22 different communities. Our panel   identified 16 concerns related to managing EV in FLOSS, which we ranked   by prevalence. We also describe 65 practices for managing EV in FLOSS.   Almost three-quarters of these practices are used by at least three   community managers. We report these practices using a systematic   presentation that includes context, relationships between practices, and   concerns that they address. These findings provide a coherent framework   that can help FLOSS community managers to better manage episodic   contributors.",10.1109/TSE.2020.2985093
1719,Article,Mapping the Spatial Conditions of Polycentric Urban Development in   Europe: An Open-source Software Tool,"Urban polycentricity has become a key concept in urban and regional   studies and is increasingly adopted as an organizational framework for   conducting empirical research. Within this literature, polycentric urban   regions are commonly defined as territories that have multiple,   proximately located (sub)centers and are characterized by balanced urban   development. However, analytical-operational frameworks to identify and   classify PURs are often ad hoc efforts to answer a specific research   question and underlying work is often shelved rather than shared and/or   made accessible. As a result, challenges associated with   generalizability, reproducibility, and replicability clearly loom large   in the urban polycentricity literature. Against this backdrop, this   article describes the discrepancy between a rich debate on   polycentricity and the paucity of tools enabling the disambiguation and   reproducibility of results claimed by various authors around this   polysemic concept. We present an online and open tool-PURban-that brings   together the major analytical-operational frameworks and data sets in   urban polycentricity research and allows parametrizing key operational   choices. To illustrate the tool, we demonstrate how it facilitates the   identification, mapping and analysis of degrees of morphological   polycentricity in European urban systems. We conclude by reflecting on   how this tool can act as a catalyst for future research on urban   polycentricity.",10.1111/gean.12313
1720,Article,"Mapping, {Organizing}, and {Visualizing} {Interdependent} {Events} ({MOVIE}): {A} rigorous analytic framework and cost-free software application designed to model temporal and dynamic complex realist structures in social research settings","The study of the social world involves multiple, multidimensional, and endlessly dynamic competing systems evolving over time. This inherent complexity, however, does not mean that the social world is chaotic, random, or unstructured. Rather, structural forms do emerge and co-exist in social settings. It is the emergence, maintenance, and decay of these structures that allows researchers to detect temporary stability and provides them with the means to make predictions about continuity and change in social dynamics. Arguably then, the main challenge in the study of the social world consist of developing robust and consistent strategies or tools capable of tracing, mapping, or retrieving these structural forms in order to ultimately model this social complexity. Accordingly, the overarching purpose of this study consists of addressing this analytic and methodological challenge by proposing a groundbreaking analytic framework, and its corresponding software application, designed to extract temporal and dynamic structures in the social world relying on complex realism, complex systems, dynamic temporal network analyses, and data science and visualization techniques. Together, these frameworks constitute the foundations of Mapping, Organizing, and Visualizing Interdependent Events (MOVIE), an analytic framework [and software application] designed to ease the understanding of, individually-produced or interactively-generated, events and knowledge evolution, by tracing and recreating the processes that may have affected participants' experiences, outcomes, and standpoints. To demonstrate MOVIE's performance and rigor in capturing and recreating the dynamic complexity of micro-level interactions, the analyses relied on publicly available data sources on foreign policy and conflict resolution. All data elements and tools are provided with this study to make these analyses fully transparent and reproducible. MOVIE can trace/recreate the temporal elements embedded in existing qualitative databases (e.g. those generated with NVivo/MAXQDA/Atlas.ti), even if they were created without considering their dynamic time-evolving features, whose meaning-building relevance may help inform policy planning and action.",10.1177/20597991221119012
1723,InProceedings,Migrating from Proprietary Tools to Open-source Software for EAST-ADL   Metamodel Generation and Evolution,"Open-source software has numerous advantages over proprietary   commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software. However, there are modeling   languages, tool chains, and tool frameworks that are developed and   maintained in an open-source manner but still incorporate COTS tools.   Such an incorporation of COTS tools into an overall open-source approach   completely annihilates the actual open-source advantages and goals. In   this tool paper, we demonstrate how we eliminated a COTS tool from the   otherwise open-source-based generation and evolution workflow of the   domain-specific modeling language East-Adl, used in the automotive   industry to describe a variety of interdisciplinary aspects of vehicle   systems. By switching to a pure open-source solution, East-Adl becomes   easier to inspect, evolve, and develop a community around. We compare   both the mixed COTS/open-source and the open-source-only workflows,   outline the advantages of the open-source-only solution, and show that   we achieve equivalent tooling features compared to the original   approach.",10.1145/3550356.3559084
1725,Article,Modelling reliability growth for multi-version open source software   considering varied testing and debugging factors,"Due to the continuous dependence of society on technology and the fast   growth of Open Source Software (OSS), there is a need for the software   industry to shift to multi-release software development. To include the   revisions in user demands and testing environment, factors that affect   OSS reliability have to be considered. Here, we propose a quantitative   method for assessing the reliability of multi-release OSS by using   Software Reliability Growth Models based on the Non-Homogenous Poisson   Process. Various factors like imperfect debugging, error generation,   change-point have been considered. The model has been estimated on   Statistical Package for Social Sciences using three releases of the   Apache dataset. It is concluded that the results obtained are improved   than the existing ones.",10.1002/qre.3048
1726,InProceedings,Numerical Simulation of a Thermoelectric Generator Using the Open-Source   Software FEniCSx,"Advances in computer technology have enabled engineers and scientists to   perform analyses using computer-based simulations instead of conducting   time-consuming and expensive experiments. This allows rapid prototyping   and simulation of problems that are difficult and impractical to solve   with experiments. Despite the large number and high quality of   open-source simulation packages available, most industrial and many   academic users opt for commercial software packages. At the same time,   academia often develops custom simulation software. The main idea of   this contribution is to review from a practical point of view the   open-source software environment that can be useful for the design   process of a thermoelectric generator. Our environment consists of the   software modules Salome Platform, Gmsh, and FEniCSx. The partial   differential equations representing the thermoelectric phenomena are   solved using the finite element method. The equations include   contributions from thermal conduction, convection, electrical   conduction, Seebeck effect, Joule heating, and Peltier effect. In   addition, parametric simulations are performed to ensure maximum power   generation when an electrical load resistor is connected to the   thermoelectric generator.",10.1109/EuroSimE54907.2022.9758889
1727,Article,Numerical Simulations of the Flow Dynamics in a Tube with Inclined Fins   Using Open-Source Software,"Finned tubes increase the convective heat transfer in heat exchangers,   reducing the total energy consumption of integrated industrial   processes. Due to its stability and robustness, Computational Fluid   Dynamics (CFD) commercial software is generally utilized for analyzing   complex systems; however, its licensing is expensive. Nowadays,   open-source software is a viable substitute for proprietary software.   This work presents a CFD analysis of the hydrodynamics of a finned tube   using the OpenFOAM and SALOME Meca platforms. The results are compared   with experimental data and CFD using the commercial software Fluent,   both previously reported in the open literature. This work studies the   fluid flow pattern around a tube with six 45-degree-angled fins, and the   working fluid, air, is considered as an incompressible fluid. Special   attention is paid to calculating the pressure coefficient distribution   for the internal and external surfaces of the inclined fins. Open-source   platforms allow researchers to visualize how the airflow interacts with   the cylinder and the fin surfaces to form a fluid structure, formerly   known as a horseshoe vortex system. The findings of the analysis of flow   dynamics in the channel between inclined fins and in the wake help   explain the results obtained in experimental tests and are relevant for   the configuration of a bank of tubes with inclined fins.",10.3390/fluids7080282
1728,Article,ONLINE INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION IN THE CREATION OF FREE SOFTWARE,"Advances in information technologies have led to user- centered   innovation of artifacts from cyber culture. This advent of capitalism   causes the emergence of approaches that contemplate collective and   immaterial production in force in open source software communities. From   a post-structuralist perspective, 6 interviews, 2 videos and an online   discussion list were analyzed to appreciate the process of building the   hegemonic discourse from the logic of equivalence, difference and   fantasy. It was found that the speeches of the developers symbolize a   presence yet to come, with the particular demands diluted in an   equivalence chain that encompasses the largest number of claims, and   that there is an effort to create an incessant process of generating   value by overcoming the community frontiers, continuously articulating   stakeholders to access resources and generate joint solutions in the   innovation process.",10.1590/S0034-759020220304x
1729,Article,OSS Effort Estimation Using Software Features Similarity and Developer   Activity-Based Metrics,"Software development effort estimation (SDEE) generally involves   leveraging the information about the effort spent in developing similar   software in the past. Most organizations do not have access to   sufficient and reliable forms of such data from past projects. As such,   the existing SDEE methods suffer from low usage and accuracy.   We propose an efficient SDEE method for open source software, which   provides accurate and fast effort estimates. The significant   contributions of our article are (i) novel SDEE software metrics derived   from developer activity information of various software repositories,   (ii) an SDEE dataset comprising the SDEE metrics' values derived from   approximately 13,000 GitHub repositories from 150 different software   categories, and (iii) an effort estimation tool based on SDEE metrics   and a software description similarity model. Our software description   similarity model is basically a machine learning model trained using the   PVA on the software product descriptions of GitHub repositories. Given   the software description of a newly envisioned software, our tool yields   an effort estimate for developing it.   Our method achieves the highest standardized accuracy score of 87.26\\%   (with Cliff's d = 0.88 at 99.999\\% confidence level) and 42.7\\% with the   automatically transformed linear baseline model. Our software artifacts   are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5095723.",10.1145/3485819
1731,Article,On the Relationship Between the Developer's Perceptible Race and   Ethnicity and the Evaluation of Contributions in OSS,"Context: Open Source Software (OSS) projects are typically the result of   collective efforts performed by developers with different backgrounds.   Although the quality of developers' contributions should be the only   factor influencing the evaluation of the contributions to OSS projects,   recent studies have shown that diversity issues are correlated with the   acceptance or rejection of developers' contributions. Objective: This   paper assists this emerging state-of-the-art body on diversity research   with the first empirical study that analyzes how developers' perceptible   race and ethnicity relates to the evaluation of the contributions in   OSS. We also want to create awareness of the racial and ethnic diversity   in OSS projects. Methodology: We performed a large-scale quantitative   study of OSS projects in GitHub. We extracted the developers'   perceptible race and ethnicity from their names in GitHub using the   Name-Prism tool and applied regression modeling of contributions (i.e,   pull requests) data from GHTorrent and GitHub. Results: We observed that   (1) among the developers whose perceptible race and ethnicity was   captured by the tool, only 16.56 percent were perceptible as Non-White   developers; (2) contributions from perceptible White developers have   about 6-10 percent higher odds of being accepted when compared to   contributions from perceptible Non-White developers; and (3) submitters   with perceptible non-white races and ethnicities are more likely to get   their pull requests accepted when the integrator is estimated to be from   their same race and ethnicity rather than when the integrator is   estimated to be White. Conclusion: Our initial analysis shows a low   number of Non-White developers participating in OSS. Furthermore, the   results from our regression analysis lead us to believe that there may   exist differences between the evaluation of the contributions from   different perceptible races and ethnicities. Thus, our findings   reinforce the need for further studies on racial and ethnic diversity in   software engineering to foster healthier OSS communities.",10.1109/TSE.2021.3073773
1733,InProceedings,Open Source Software Computed Risk Framework,"The increased dissemination of open source software to a broader   audience has led to a proportional increase in the dissemination of   vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are introduced by developers,   some intentionally or negligently. In this paper, we work to quantify   the relative risk that a given developer represents to a software   project. We propose using empirical software engineering based analysis   on the vast data made available by GitHub to create a Developer Risk   Score (DRS) for prolific contributors on GitHub. The DRS can then be   aggregated across a project as a derived vulnerability assessment, we   call this the Computational Vulnerability Assessment Score (CVAS). The   CVAS represents the correlation between the Developer Risk score across   projects and vulnerabilities attributed to those projects. We believe   this to be a contribution in trying to quantify risk introduced by   specific developers across open source projects. Both of the risk   scores, those for contributors and projects, are derived from an   amalgamation of data, both from GitHub and outside GitHub. We seek to   provide this risk metric as a force multiplier for the project   maintainers that are responsible for reviewing code contributions. We   hope this will lead to a reduction in the number of introduced   vulnerabilities for projects in the Open Source ecosystem.",10.1109/CSIT56902.2022.10000561
1734,InProceedings,Open Source Software Digital Sociology: Engineering Open Source Software Ecosystem for Impact and Sustainability,"Open source Software (OSS) ecosystems have had a tremendous impact on computing and society, while their sustainability poses great challenges to both practitioners and researchers. We utilize vast collections of open data produced by distributed version control and social media to discover the mechanisms by which such ecosystems form and operate, which we call open source software sociology.",10.1145/3531056.3542767
1736,InProceedings,Open Source Software Supply Chain Recommendation Based on&nbsp;Heterogeneous Information Network,"In the GitHub open-source collaborative development scenario, each entity type and the link relationship between them have natural heterogeneous attributes. In order to improve the accuracy of project recommendation, it is necessary to effectively integrate this multi-source information. Therefore, for the project recommendation scenario, this paper defines an open source weighted heterogeneous information network to represent the different entity types and link relationships in the GitHub open source collaborative development scenario, and effectively model the complex interaction among developers, projects and other entities. Using the weighted heterogeneous information network embedding method, extract and use the rich structural and semantic information in the weighted heterogeneous open source information network to learn the node representation of developers and projects, and fuse the personalized nonlinear fusion function into the matrix decomposition model for open source project recommendation. Finally, this paper makes a large number of comparative experiments based on the real GitHub open data set, and compares it with other project recommendation methods to verify the effectiveness of our proposed open source project recommendation model. At the same time, it also explores the impact of different metapaths on the effect of project recommendation. The experimental results show that the recommendation method based on heterogeneous information network can effectively improve the recommendation quality.",10.1007/978-3-031-31180-2_5
1737,Article,Open Source Software Sustainability: Combining Institutional Analysis and Socio-Technical Networks,"Sustainable Open Source Software (OSS) forms much of the fabric of our digital society, especially successful and sustainable ones. But many OSS projects do not become sustainable, resulting in abandonment and even risks for the world's digital infrastructure. Prior work has looked at the reasons for this mainly from two very different perspectives. In software engineering, the focus has been on understanding success and sustainability from the socio-technical perspective: the OSS programmers' day-to-day activities and the artifacts they create. In institutional analysis, on the other hand, emphasis has been on institutional designs (e.g., policies, rules, and norms) that structure project governance. Even though each is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of OSS projects, the connection and interaction between the two approaches have been barely explored.In this paper, we make the first effort toward understanding OSS project sustainability using a dual-view analysis, by combining institutional analysis with socio-technical systems analysis. In particular, we (i) use linguistic approaches to extract institutional rules and norms from OSS contributors' communications to represent the evolution of their governance systems, and (ii) construct socio-technical networks based on longitudinal collaboration records to represent each project's organizational structure. We combined the two methods and applied them to a dataset of developer digital traces from 253 nascent OSS projects within the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) incubator. We find that the socio-technical and institutional features relate to each other, and provide complimentary views into the progress of the ASF's OSS projects. Refining these combined analyses can help provide a more precise understanding of the synchronization between the evolution of institutional governance and organizational structure.",10.1145/3555129
1739,InProceedings,Open Source Software: An Approach to Controlling Usage and Risk in   Application Ecosystems,"The Open Source Software movement has been growing exponentially for a   number of years with no signs of slowing. Driving this growth is the   wide-spread availability of libraries and frameworks that provide many   functionalities. Developers are saving time and money incorporating this   functionality into their applications resulting in faster more   feature-rich releases. Despite the growing success and the advantages   that open source software provides, there is a dark side. Due to its   community construction and largely unregulated distribution, the   majority of open source software contains bugs, vulnerabilities and   other issues making it highly susceptible to exploits. The lack of   oversight in general hinders the quality of this software resulting in a   trickle down effect in the applications that use it. Additionally,   developers who use open source tend to arbitrarily download the software   into their build systems but rarely keep track of what they have   downloaded resulting in an excessive amount of open source software in   their applications and in their ecosystem. This paper discusses   processes and practices that users of open source software can implement   into their environments that can safely track and control the   introduction and usage of open source software into their applications,   and report on some preliminary results obtained in an industrial   context. We conclude by discussing governance issues related to the   disciplined use and reuse of open source and areas for further   improvements.",10.1145/3546932.3547000
1743,Article,Open-source software product line extraction processes: the ArgoUML-SPL   and Phaser cases,"Software Product Lines (SPLs) are rarely developed from scratch.   Commonly, they emerge from one product when there is a need to create   tailored variants, or from existing variants created in an ad-hoc way   once their separated maintenance and evolution become challenging.   Despite the vast literature about re-engineering systems into SPLs and   related technical approaches, there is a lack of detailed analysis of   the process itself and the effort involved. In this paper, we provide   and analyze empirical data of the extraction processes of two   open-source case studies, namely ArgoUML and Phaser. Both cases emerged   from the transition of a monolithic system into an SPL. The analysis   relies on information mined from the version control history of their   respective source-code repositories and the discussion with developers   that took part in the process. Unlike previous works that focused mostly   on the structural results of the final SPL, the contribution of this   study is an in-depth characterization of the processes. With this work,   we aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the strategies for SPL   extraction and their implications. Our results indicate that the source   code changes can range from almost a fourth to over half of the total   lines of code. Developers may or may not use branching strategies for   feature extraction. Additionally, the problems faced during the   extraction process may be due to lack of tool support, complexity on   managing feature dependencies and issues with feature constraints. We   made publicly available the datasets and the analysis scripts of both   case studies to be used as a baseline for extractive SPL adoption   research and practice.",10.1007/s10664-021-10104-3
1744,Article,PING-Mapper: Open-Source Software for Automated Benthic Imaging and   Mapping Using Recreation-Grade Sonar,"The characterization of benthic habitats is essential for aquatic   ecosystem science and management, but is frequently limited by waterbody   visibility and depth. Recreation-grade side-scan sonar systems are   increasingly used to aid scientific inquiries in aquatic environments   due to their relative low-cost, ease of operation, low-weight, and ease   of mounting on a variety of vessels. However, existing procedures and   software for post-processing these data are either limited, closed   source, or fail on data from new sonar models, limiting the development   of reproducible workflows. Here, we present PING-Mapper, an open-source   and freely available side-scan sonar post-processing toolset for   processing and mapping sonar recordings from popular Humminbird   instruments. The modular software automatically: (a) decodes sonar   recordings from any Humminbird system, (b) exports ping attributes from   every sonar channel, (c) uses sonar sensor depth for water column   removal, and (d) exports sonogram tiles and georectified mosaics. Sonar   channels are processed in parallel for quick decoding and metadata   extraction. Major processing wokflows, including georectification and   image export, are optimized to scale with computing resources. The   software has been extensively tested using data from several rivers of   varying character and distribution of depths, but could also be used in   estuarine and lacustrine environments. Usage of PING-Mapper is   illustrated in three case studies focused on mapping large woody debris,   bathymetric mapping, and visual interpretation and mapping of substrates   for selected reaches of the Pearl and Pascagoula river systems in   Mississippi.   Plain Language Summary Side-scan sonar instruments provide a way to   survey and visualize the bottom of rivers, lakes, or oceans. Since the   early 2000s, companies catering predominantly to anglers have   manufactured recreation-grade side-scan sonar systems to aid fishermen   in locating fish and identifying potential hazards. Scientists seeking   to understand and manage aquatic habitats used these systems to create   grayscale images of water bottoms because they are inexpensive, easy to   operate, and require minimal mounting equipment on the boat. Software   has been created by companies to process these data, but the underlying   processing workflow and computer code are not publicly available, making   it difficult to reproduce and compare results across studies. Other   publicly available approaches and software are either outdated, not   maintained, or not free. That is why we made PING-Mapper, a freely   available software developed in an increasingly popular programming   language called Python. We designed the software to work on any computer   to export the data sets quickly and efficiently. The scientific use of   exported data sets is demonstrated with three case studies focused on   locating and mapping targets (specifically large trees and branches),   creating depth maps, and visually discerning the distributions of common   substrates, such as sand and cobble.",10.1029/2022EA002469
1745,Article,Precision Fertilizer and Irrigation Control System Using Open-Source   Software and Loose Communication Architecture,"Agricultural fertilization and irrigation are closely related to the   problems of agricultural yield, product quality, and environmental   pollution. Precision fertilization and irrigation is an effective method   to solve this problem. In order to precisely control plant fertilization   and irrigation, a monitoring system is designed and implemented using   open-source software, loose communication structure, industrial control   computer (IPC), programmable logic controller (PLC), and control and   monitoring devices. The control command management subsystem of the   system's upper computer is built using GoWin IPC, cloud server, mobile   devices, and 4G wireless network. Each application running in the upper   computer is developed using open-source software such as PostgreSQL,   Smobiler, etc. The fertilization and irrigation monitoring subsystem of   the lower computer was built using HollySys PLC model LE5107L and   different sensors for various data parameters as control units. The   system allows real-time remote monitoring and control of agricultural   precision fertilization and irrigation through mobile applications, with   an average communication delay of 1.45 s between the upper and lower   units, and less than 3 s overall, allowing for longterm stable   communication. The current system can adapt to the variable environment   in the field and has been operating stably in the field for 2 months.   This paper provides a convenient system construction solution for field   farmland where network wiring is not possible, and it has low   construction and maintenance costs, reliable operation, and a flexible   structure for agricultural applications. (C) 2022 American Society of   Civil Engineers.",10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001669
1746,Article,Prototype of 3D Reliability Assessment Tool Based on Deep Learning for   Edge OSS Computing,"We focus on an estimation method based on deep learning in terms of   fault correction time for the operation reliability assessment of   open-source software (OSS) under the environment of an edge computing   service. Then, we discuss fault severity levels in order to consider the   difficulty of fault correction. We use a deep feedforward neural network   in order to estimate fault correction times. In particular, we consider   the characteristics of fault trends by using three-dimensional graphs.   Therefore, we can increase the recognizability of the proposed method   based on deep learning for large-scale fault data from the standpoint of   fault severity levels under edge OSS operation.",10.3390/math10091572
1747,Article,"PsiNorm: A Fast, Efficient and Free Open-Source Software for   Interpreting, Reporting and Archiving Neuropsychological Test Results","Objective: In many clinics, calculation and interpretation of   neuropsychological test results, along with reporting, data organization   and archiving of the data are done manually. In this era where most of   the similar processes are automated, manual application may result in   excessive time consumption, unnecessary use of qualified work-force, and   is also open to error. A software that automates these processes for   neuropsychological tests used for dementia assessment may overcome these   issues.   Methods: We aimed to develop a free, open source software not requiring   specialized training, which would optimise the calculation, preparation   of personal reports and archiving processes of neuropsychological tests,   hence would easily be incorporated in to the daily work of   psychologists. We've used Python 3.6 as the programming language, and   JSON was used as the data interchange format to allow for personal   alterations in the content. The tests were selected among those which   are in common use for neuropsychological evaluation of adults in Turkey,   with available norm values. (Funding: TUBITAK 214S048).   Results: PsiNorm was developed, comprising widely used standardized   tests for cognitive evaluation of adults in Turkey. The software is   lightweight, compatible with most common operating systems, and   easy-to-use. We've shown that Psinorm significantly reduced the time   required for calculation of percentiles and norms as well as for   producing a draft report. The reports are prepared in.txt format and the   databases are prepared in MS Excel ve CSV formats. PsiNorm is available   freely at psinorm.org.   Conclusion: PsiNorm is a free, open-source software which is available   for researchers and clinicians who perform neuropsychological tests.   PsiNorm provides significant time and labor-force benefits, is   easy-to-use and can be customized by the user.",10.5080/u26267
1748,Article,PyThea: An open-source software package to perform 3D reconstruction of   coronal mass ejections and shock waves,"PyThea is a newly developed open-source Python software package that   provides tools to reconstruct coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and shocks   waves in three dimensions, using multi-spacecraft remote-sensing   observations. In this article, we introduce PyThea to the scientific   community and provide an overview of the main functionality of the core   software package and the web application. This package has been fully   built in Python, with extensive use of libraries available within this   language ecosystem. PyThea package provides a web application that can   be used to reconstruct CMEs and shock waves. The application   automatically retrieves and processes remote-sensing observations, and   visualizes the imaging data that can be used for the analysis. Thanks to   PyThea, the three-dimensional reconstruction of CMEs and shock waves is   an easy task, with final products ready for publication. The package   provides three widely used geometrical models for the reconstruction of   CMEs and shocks, namely, the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) and an   ellipsoid/spheroid model. It also provides tools to process the final   fittings and calculate the kinematics. The final fitting products can   also be exported and reused at any time. The source code of PyThea   package can be found in GitHub and Zenodo under the GNU General Public   License v3.0. In this article, we present details for PyThea's python   package structure and its core functionality, and we show how this can   be used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of coronal mass   ejections and shock waves.",10.3389/fspas.2022.974137
1749,Article,Qiber3D-an open-source software package for the quantitative analysis of   networks from 3D image stacks,"Background Optical slice microscopy is commonly used to observe cellular   morphology in 3D tissue culture, e.g., the formation of cell-derived   networks. The morphometric quantification of these networks is essential   to study the cellular phenotype. Commonly, the quantitative measurements   are performed on 2D projections of the image stack, resulting in the   loss of information in the third dimension. Currently available 3D image   analysis tools rely on manual interactions with the software and are   therefore not feasible for large datasets.   Findings Here we present Qiber3D, an open-source image processing   toolkit. The software package includes the essential image analysis   procedures required for image processing, from the raw image to the   quantified data. Optional pre-processing steps can be switched on/off   depending on the input data to allow for analyzing networks from a   variety of sources. Two reconstruction algorithms are offered to meet   the requirements for a wide range of network types. Furthermore,   Qiber3D's rendering capabilities enable the user to inspect each step of   the image analysis process interactively to ensure the creation of an   optimal workflow for each application.   Conclusions Qiber3D is implemented as a Python package, and its source   code is freely available at https://github.com/theia-dev/Qiber3D. The   toolkit was designed using a building block principle to enable the   analysis of a variety of structures, such as vascular networks, neuronal   structures, or scaffolds from numerous input formats. While Qiber3D can   be used interactively in the Python console, it is aimed at unsupervised   automation to process large image datasets efficiently.",10.1093/gigascience/giab091
1750,InProceedings,Recommending Good First Issues in GitHub OSS Projects,"Attracting and retaining newcomers is vital for the sustainability of an   open-source software project. However, it is difficult for newcomers to   locate suitable development tasks, while existing ``Good First   Issues{''} (GFI) in GitHub are often insufficient and inappropriate. In   this paper, we propose RecGFI, an effective practical approach for the   recommendation of good first issues to newcomers, which can be used to   relieve maintainers' burden and help newcomers onboard. RecGFI models an   issue with features from multiple dimensions (content, background, and   dynamics) and uses an XGBoost classifier to generate its probability of   being a GFI. To evaluate RecGFI, we collect 53,510 resolved issues among   100 GitHub projects and carefully restore their historical states to   build ground truth datasets. Our evaluation shows that RecGFI can   achieve up to 0.853 AUC in the ground truth dataset and outperforms   alternative models. Our interpretable analysis of the trained model   further reveals interesting observations about GFI characteristics.   Finally, we report latest issues (without GFI-signaling labels but   recommended as GFI by our approach) to project maintainers among which   16 are confirmed as real GFIs and five have been resolved by a newcomer.",10.1145/3510003.3510196
1752,Article,"Redundancy, Context, and Preference: An Empirical Study of Duplicate   Pull Requests in OSS Projects","OSS projects are being developed by globally distributed contributors,   who often collaborate through the pull-based model today. While this   model lowers the barrier to entry for OSS developers by synthesizing,   automating and optimizing the contribution process, coordination among   an increasing number of contributors remains as a challenge due to the   asynchronous and self-organized nature of distributed development. In   particular, duplicate contributions, where multiple different   contributors unintentionally submit duplicate pull requests to achieve   the same goal, are an elusive problem that may waste effort in automated   testing, code review and software maintenance. While the issue of   duplicate pull requests has been highlighted, to what extent duplicate   pull requests affect the development in OSS communities has not been   well investigated. In this paper, we conduct a mixed-approach study to   bridge this gap. Based on a comprehensive dataset constructed from 26   popular GitHub projects, we obtain the following findings: (a) Duplicate   pull requests result in redundant human and computing resources,   exerting a significant impact on the contribution and evaluation   process. (b) Contributors' inappropriate working patterns and the   drawbacks of their collaborating environment might result in duplicate   pull requests. (c) Compared to non-duplicate pull requests, duplicate   pull requests have significantly different features, e.g., being   submitted by inexperienced contributors, being fixing bugs, touching   cold files, and solving tracked issues. (d) Integrators choosing between   duplicate pull requests prefer to accept those with early submission   time, accurate and high-quality implementation, broad coverage, test   code, high maturity, deep discussion, and active response. Finally,   actionable suggestions and implications are proposed for OSS   practitioners.",10.1109/TSE.2020.3018726
1754,Article,ReflectSim: an open-source software for teaching optical light   reflection of nanostructured materials,"Leveraging computational resources for modern physics education has   become increasingly prevalent, especially catalyzed by the COVID-19   pandemic when distance learning is widely implemented. Herein, we report   an open-source software for students and instructors to on-demand   simulate optical reflection behaviors of one-dimensional photonic   crystals (1D-PCs), a model system for understanding light-matter   interactions relevant to materials science and optical physics.   Specifically, our MATLAB application, ReflectSim, employs an adapted   transfer matrix method simulation and can account for the effects of   several critical material design parameters, including interfacial   roughness and layer geometry, to determine the reflectance spectrum of   user-defined 1D-PCs. By packing our codes into a graphical user   interface, this software is simple to use and bypass the requirement of   any coding experiences from users, which can be widely used as an   education tool in high school/undergraduate classrooms and K-12 outreach   activities. We believe that ReflectSim provides great potential for   assisting students in understanding optical phenomenon in nanostructured   layered materials and relevant scientific concepts through enabling more   engaging learning experiences.",10.1088/1361-6404/ac56b2
1755,Article,Reliability model of open source software considering fault introduction   with generalized inflection S-shaped distribution,"Recently, the open source software (OSS) reliability has become one of   hot issues. Owing to the uncertainty and complexity of OSS development,   testing and debugging environments, OSS are completed dynamically. When   detected faults are removed for OSS, they are likely to introduce new   faults. Moreover, under the different OSS debugging environments, fault   introduction will show different changes. For example, the fault   introduction rate shows a decrease change, or increasing first and then   decreasing change over time. Considering the complex and dynamic changes   in fault introduction, an OSS reliability model that fault introduction   obeys a generalized inflection S-shaped distribution is proposed in this   paper. Experimental results indicate that the fitting and predictive   performance of the proposed model is good. The established model in this   paper can adapt the dynamical and complicated changes of fault   introduction during OSS debugging. Moreover, the established model can   accurately forecast the number of remaining faults in OSS, and assist   developers to evaluate the actual OSS reliability.",10.1007/s42452-022-05125-6
1756,Article,Robotic observation pipeline for small bodies in the solar system based   on open-source software and commercially available telescope hardware,"The observation of small bodies in the Space Environment is an ongoing   important task in astronomy. While nowadays new objects are mostly   detected in larger sky surveys, several follow-up observations are   usually needed for each object to improve the accuracy of orbit   determination. In particular objects orbiting close to Earth, so called   Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) are of special concern as a small but not   negligible fraction of them can have a non-zero impact probability with   Earth. Additionally, the observation of manmade space debris and   tracking of satellites falls in the same class measurements. Telescopes   for these follow-up observations are mainly in a aperture class between   1 m down to approximately 25 cm. These telescopes are often hosted by   amateur observatories or dedicated companies like 6ROADS specialized on   this type of observation. With upcoming new NEO search campaigns by very   wide field of view telescopes, like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory,   NASA's NEO surveyor space mission and ESA's Flyeye telescopes, the   number of NEO discoveries will increase dramatically. This will require   an increasing number of useful telescopes for follow-up observations at   different geographical locations. While well-equipped amateur   astronomers often host instruments which might be capable of creating   useful measurements, both observation planning and scheduling, and also   analysis are still a major challenge for many observers. In this work we   present a fully robotic planning, scheduling and observation pipeline   that extends the widely used open-source cross-platform software   KStars/Ekos for Instrument Neutral Distributed Interface (INDI) devices.   The method consists of algorithms which automatically select NEO   candidates with priority according to ESA's Near-Earth Object   Coordination Centre (NEOCC). It then analyses detectable objects (based   on limiting magnitudes, geographical position, and time) with   preliminary ephemeris from the Minor Planet Center (MPC). Optimal   observing slots during the night are calculated and scheduled.   Immediately before the measurement the accurate position of the minor   body is recalculated and finally the images are taken. Besides the   detailed description of all components, we will show a complete robotic   hard- and software solution based on our methods.",10.3389/fspas.2022.895732
1757,Article,SRBF\\_Soft: a Python-based open-source software for regional gravity   field modeling using spherical radial basis functions based on the   data-adaptive network design methodology,"This study introduces a novel open-source Python software package called   SRBF\\_Soft for the high-resolution regional gravity field determination   using various spherical radial basis functions (SBRFs) in terms of point   mass, Poisson, and Poisson wavelet kernel. The modeling approach   considers residual gravity field functionals generated by the well-known   remove-compute-restore (RCR) technique where the long and short   wavelength parts of the gravity signal are provided by a global   geopotential model (GGM) and digital terrain model (DTM), respectively.   A new data-adaptive network design methodology called k-SRBF is used to   construct a network of SRBFs. The appropriate bandwidths (depths) are   chosen using the generalized cross-validation (GCV) technique. The   unknown SRBFs coefficients are estimated by applying the least-squares   method where the extended Gauss Markov Model (GMM) with additional prior   information is applied if the normal equation matrix is ill-conditioned.   In such a case, the optimal regularization parameter is determined by   variance component estimation (VCE). By utilizing parallel processing in   every stage of the RCR technique, including creating the design matrix,   the computational time is remarkably decreased relative to the number of   processors used in the modeling. The performance of the software has   been tested and validated in the Auvergne test area (France) on the   basis of real terrestrial gravity data. The differences between   estimated and observed height anomaly points (GNSS/leveling) amount to   about 3 cm in terms of standard deviation (STD) for all kernels   indicating that the SRBF\\_Soft possesses the capability to be applied in   regional gravity field modeling as an efficient and reliable software.",10.1007/s12145-022-00790-y
1758,Article,Scaling Open Source Software Communities: Challenges and Practices of   Decentralization,"To satisfy the growing needs of modern society, open source software is becoming increasingly large and complex, with a large number of code patches continually flowing in. For smooth scaling up, we explore the challenges and best practices of decentralization.",10.1109/MS.2020.3025959
1760,InProceedings,Seeking New Measures for Gender Bias Effects in Open-Source Software,"The problem of low gender diversity in open-source software (OSS) has   been reported and studied in recent years. However, prior studies found   that gender bias theories in social sciences cannot help us effectively   identify gender bias effects in OSS. Our study takes the first step   toward finding new measures for gender bias in OSS. This paper attempts   to employ linguistic theories to identify different collaboration   patterns between different genders. Our contributions are two-fold: we   review linguistic literature on diversity and online collaboration, then   we apply linguistic theories from our literature reviews to a random   sample of code review conversations on GitHub.",10.1145/3528579.3529169
1762,Article,Selection Criteria and Treatment Outcome for Advanced Non-Small Cell   Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Unfit for Platinum-Based First-Line   Therapy: Results of the MOON-OSS Observational Trial,"Simple Summary The treatment of advanced NSCLC patients unfit for a   platinum combination is challenging and no clear evidence is available.   We retrospectively collected data on advanced NSCLC not receiving a   first-line platinum combination, focusing on clinical selection   criteria. Up to 30\\% of newly diagnosed advanced EGFR/ALK negative and   PD-L1 < 50\\% NSCLC patients do not receive a first-line platinum   doublet. Main clinical selection criteria were older age (>70 years),   comorbidities and poor performance status. A single agent chemotherapy   was offered with the prevalence of oral metronomic vinorelbine. In the   whole population, progression-free survival and overall survival ranged   from 4.5 to 5 months and from 9 to 10.5 months, respectively. Limited   evidence is available concerning the selection criteria and the outcomes   of platinum unfit newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC patients receiving   single-agent chemotherapy. We retrospectively collected data on   consecutive, stage IIIB-IV, EGFR/ALK negative and PD-L1 < 50\\% NSCLC   patients treated with first-line single agent chemotherapy. Baseline   characteristics, outcome measures and toxicities were recorded, as well   as criteria according to which treatment selection was made and what   percentage of patients did not receive a first-line platinum-based   chemotherapy. Two-hundred and twenty-one patients were included. Median   age was 79 (range 56-92) years, M/F 165(74.6\\%)/56(25.4\\%), ECOG   performance status (PS) 0/1/ >= 2 23(10.9\\%)/94(42.5\\%)/103(46.6\\%),   with a median of two serious comorbidities. A median of 25\\% (range   10\\%-30\\%) of newly diagnosed NSCLC did not receive a first-line   platinum combination. Clinical criteria according to which decision was   made were older age (76.5\\%), comorbidities (72\\%), poor PS (55.2\\%) and   familiar or social issues (10\\%). Single-agent treatment consisted of   oral metronomic vinorelbine (MetV 78.6\\%), gemcitabine (Gem 10\\%), oral   standard vinorelbine (Vin 8.2\\%) and other (O 3.2\\%). Median   progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of single   agent treatments ranged from 4.5 to 5 months and from 9 to 10.5 months,   respectively. All grade toxicities did not differ among single agents,   while grade 3-4 toxicities were less frequent with MetV. Up to 30\\% of   newly diagnosed advanced EGFR/ALK negative and PD-L1 < 50\\% NSCLC   patients do not receive a first-line platinum doublet. Main clinical   selection criteria were older age (>70 years), comorbidities and poor   PS. An oral treatment was frequently proposed with MetV being the most   frequent choice according to its safety profile.",10.3390/cancers14246074
1763,Article,SnackNTM: An Open-Source Software for Sanger Sequencing-based   Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Species,"Background: Sequence-based identification is one of the most effective   methods for species-level identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria   (NTM). However, it is time-consuming because of the bioinformatics   processes involved, including sequence trimming, consensus sequence   generation, and public database searches. We developed a simple and   fully automated software that enabled species-level identification of   NTM from trace files, SnackNTM   (https://github.com/Young-gonKim/SnackNTM). Methods: JAVA programing   language was used for software development. The SnackNTM diagnostic   algorithm utilized 16S rRNA gene sequences, according to the Clinical \\&   Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, and an rpoB gene region was   adjunctively utilized to narrow down the species. The software   performance was validated using trace files of 234 clinical cases,   comprising 217 consecutive cases and 17 additionally selected cases of   unique species. Results: SnackNTM could analyze multiple cases at once,   and all the bioinformatics processes required for sequence-based NTM   identification were automatically performed with a single mouse click.   SnackNTM successfully identified 95.9\\% (208/217) of consecutive   clinical cases, and the results showed 99.0\\% (206/208) agreement with   manual classification results. SnackNTM successfully identified all 17   cases of unique species. In a processing time comparison test, the   analysis and reporting of 30 cases, which took 150 minutes manually,   took only 40 minutes with SnackNTM. Conclusions: SnackNTM is expected to   reduce the workload for NTM identification, especially in clinical   laboratories that process large numbers of cases.",10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.213
1764,InProceedings,Social Community Evolution Analysis and Visualization in Open Source   Software Projects,"The importance of social communities around open-source software   projects has been recognized. Despite that a lot of relevant research   focusing on this topic, understanding the structures and dynamics of   communities around open-source software projects remains a tedious and   challenging task. As a result, an easily accessible and useful   application that enables project developers to gain awareness of the   status and development of the project communities is desirable. In this   paper, we present MyCommunity, a web-based online application system to   automatically extract communication-based community structures from   social coding platforms such as GitHub. Based on the detected community   structures, the system analyzes and visualizes the community evolution   history of a project with a set of semantic-rich events, and quantify   the strength of community evolution with respect to different events   with a series of indexes. Built-in support to quantitative analysis and   machine learning tasks based on the quantitative evolutionary events are   provided. We demonstrate the usefulness of the system by presenting its   ability in predicting project success or failure with the community   evolution features. The results suggest the system achieves a prediction   accuracy of 88.5\\% with commonly available machine learning models.",10.1007/978-3-031-20891-1\\_4
1766,InProceedings,Social Community Evolution Analysis and Visualization in Open Source Software Projects,"The importance of social communities around open-source software projects has been recognized. Despite that a lot of relevant research focusing on this topic, understanding the structures and dynamics of communities around open-source software projects remains a tedious and challenging task. As a result, an easily accessible and useful application that enables project developers to gain awareness of the status and development of the project communities is desirable. In this paper, we present MyCommunity, a web-based online application system to automatically extract communication-based community structures from social coding platforms such as GitHub. Based on the detected community structures, the system analyzes and visualizes the community evolution history of a project with a set of semantic-rich events, and quantify the strength of community evolution with respect to different events with a series of indexes. Built-in support to quantitative analysis and machine learning tasks based on the quantitative evolutionary events are provided. We demonstrate the usefulness of the system by presenting its ability in predicting project success or failure with the community evolution features. The results suggest the system achieves a prediction accuracy of 88.5% with commonly available machine learning models.",10.1007/978-3-031-20891-1_4
1768,Article,Software reliability model of open source software based on the   decreasing trend of fault introduction,"Open source software (OSS) has become one of the modern software   development methods. OSS is mainly developed by developers, volunteers,   and users all over the world, but its reliability has been widely   questioned. When OSS faults are detected, volunteers or users send them   to developers by email or network. After the developer confirms the   fault, it will be randomly assigned to the debugger who may be a   developer, a volunteer, or a user. These open source community   contributors also have the phenomenon of learning when removing faults.   When the detected faults are removed, the number of introduced faults   decreases gradually. Therefore, this study proposes a software   reliability model with the decreasing trend of fault introduction in the   process of OSS development and testing. The validity of the proposed   model and the accuracy of estimating residual faults are verified by   experiments. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the reliability   and predict the remaining faults in the actual OSS development and   testing process.",10.1371/journal.pone.0267171
1769,Article,Stem Cell Fate and Immunomodulation Promote Bone Regeneration via   Composite Bio-Oss<SUP>®</SUP>/Avitene<SUP>™</SUP> Biomaterial,"Bone defects in maxillofacial regions lead to noticeable deformity and   dysfunctions. Therefore, the use of biomaterials/scaffolds for   maxillofacial bone regrowth has been attracting great interest from many   surgical specialties and experts. Many approaches have been devised in   order to create an optimal bone scaffold capable of achieving desirable   degrees of bone integration and osteogenesis. Osteogenesis represents a   complex physiological process involving multiple cooperating systems. A   tight relationship between the immune and skeletal systems has lately   been established using the concept of ``osteoimmunology,{''} since   various molecules, particularly those regulating immunological and   inflammatory processes, are shared. Inflammatory mediators are now being   implicated in bone remodeling, according to new scientific data. In this   study, a profiler PCR array was employed to evaluate the expression of   cytokines and chemokines in human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells   (hASCs) cultured on porous hydroxylapatite (HA)/Collagen derived   Bio-Oss((R))/Avitene scaffolds, up to day 21. In hASCs grown on the   Bio-Oss((R))/Avitene biomaterial, 12 differentially expressed genes   (DEGs) were found to be up-regulated, together with 12 DEG   down-regulated. Chemokine CCL2, which affects bone metabolism, tested   down-regulated. Interestingly, the Bio-Oss((R))/Avitene induced the   down-regulation of pro-inflammatory inter-leukin IL-6. In conclusion,   our investigation carried out on the Bio-Oss((R))/Avitene scaffold   indicates that it could be successfully employed in maxillofacial   surgery. Indeed, this composite material has the advantage of being   customized on the basis of the individual patients favoring a novel   personalized medicine approach.",10.3389/fbioe.2022.873814
1770,Article,Structural stability of the evolving developer collaboration network in   the OSS community,"The structural stability of the developer collaboration network is   critical to the success of the OSS (Open Source Software) community.   However, research on the structural stability of the evolving developer   collaboration network in OSS communities is relatively insufficient. In   this paper, according to the software version sequence, we construct the   corresponding developer collaboration network of the Angular OSS   community and then analyse this network's structural stability during   network evolution. The results show that the network always presents an   economical modular small-world structure during its evolution. The   maintenance of the structure is related to a cohesive core, which is   composed of two types of nodes (i.e., hubs and connectors). The hubs   organize noncore nodes to form modules, while connectors facilitate the   formation of inter-module connections. The overall results highlight the   important role of core developers in the sustainable development of OSS   communities and may provide a reference for community initiators to   implement protection strategies for core developers.",10.1371/journal.pone.0270922
1772,Article,Structure-from-Motion 3D Reconstruction of the Historical Overpass Ponte   della Cerra: A Comparison between MicMac® Open Source Software and   Metashape®,"In recent years, the performance of free-and-open-source software (FOSS)   for image processing has significantly increased. This trend, as well as   technological advancements in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)   industry, have opened blue skies for both researchers and surveyors. In   this study, we aimed to assess the quality of the sparse point cloud   obtained with a consumer UAV and a FOSS. To achieve this goal, we also   process the same image dataset with a commercial software package using   its results as a term of comparison. Various analyses were conducted,   such as the image residuals analysis, the statistical analysis of GCPs   and CPs errors, the relative accuracy assessment, and the Cloud-to-Cloud   distance comparison. A support survey was conducted to measure 16   markers identified on the object. In particular, 12 of these were used   as ground control points to scale the 3D model, while the remaining 4   were used as check points to assess the quality of the scaling procedure   by examining the residuals. Results indicate that the sparse clouds   obtained are comparable. MicMac (R) has mean image residuals equal to   0.770 pixels while for Metashape (R) is 0.735 pixels. In addition, the   3D errors on control points are similar: the mean 3D error for MicMac   (R) is equal to 0.037 m with a standard deviation of 0.017 m, whereas   for Metashape (R), it is 0.031 m with a standard deviation equal to   0.015 m. The present work represents a preliminary study: a comparison   between software packages is something hard to achieve, given the   secrecy of the commercial software and the theoretical differences   between the approaches. This case study analyzes an object with   extremely complex geometry; it is placed in an urban canyon where the   GNSS support can not be exploited. In addition, the scenario changes   continuously due to the vehicular traffic.",10.3390/drones6090242
1773,Article,Sustained Participation in Open Source Software Project Communities,"Sustained participation is critical for the viability of open source   software (OSS) project communities (OSSPCs), and this paper explores how   sustained participation is maintained in viable OSSPCs. With the lens of   the integrative model of trust (IMoT), hypotheses regarding interactions   between trust and community citizenship behaviors (CCBs - as OSSPC   participating activities) are developed. Both a qualitative study and a   quantitative study are conducted, and data analysis confirms both the   Trust -> CCBs and the CCBs -> Trust hypotheses along the time dimension,   revealing CCBs-Trust interactions as a mechanism for maintaining   sustained community participation. Further, while it is found that CCBs   have an accumulative overall positive impact on trust, alternating   positive and negative impacts of CCBs on trust over time are identified.   In addition, a delayed impact is also identified in the Trust -> CCBs   relationship. These findings are explained from several theoretical   perspectives, which provide directions for future research and help   community management to maintain sustained participation.",10.1080/08874417.2021.1949645
1777,Article,TRANSFORMATION OF FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS:   GOVERNANCE BETWEEN THE CATHEDRAL AND BAZAAR,"It is common for community-based free software projects to be associated   with an organizational scenario that resembles ``a bazaar more than a   cathedral,{''} and to differ from the traditional, or `bureaucratic' way   of organizing work. This paper analyzes the governance of these   organizations from the perspective of their structure and control,   considering the development trajectory of three communitybased free   software projects in Brazil. Results show that the constant need to   produce modern technologies gives rise to external pressures that   promote change - albeit temporary - in the governance of these projects,   making them resemble a cathedral more than a bazaar. Governance does not   follow a cycle of sequential improvement; it changes depending on the   external organizational actors present, such as sponsors. This suggests   the need for strategic and flexible governance to deal with the   acquisition and allocation of organizational resources. Governance of   the projects described here varies along a spectrum of (in)formality   that allows both production models - cathedral or bazaar - to exist in   the same organization at different periods.",10.1590/S0034-759020220104
1778,Article,Technical Note: <i>rtdsm</i>-An open-source software for radiotherapy   dose-surface map generation and analysis,"Background Dose-outcome studies in radiation oncology have historically   excluded spatial information due to dose-volume histograms being the   most dominant source of dosimetric information. In recent years,   dose-surface maps (DSMs) have become increasingly popular for   characterization of spatial dose distributions and identification of   radiosensitive subregions for hollow organs. However, methodological   variations and lack of open-source, publicly offered code-sharing   between research groups have limited reproducibility and wider adoption.   Purpose This paper presents rtdsm, an open-source software for DSM   calculation with the intent to improve the reproducibility of and the   access to DSM-based research in medical physics and radiation oncology.   Methods A literature review was conducted to identify essential   functionalities and prevailing calculation approaches to guide   development. The described software has been designed to calculate DSMs   from DICOM data with a high degree of user customizability and to   facilitate DSM feature analysis. Core functionalities include DSM   calculation, equivalent dose conversions, common DSM feature extraction,   and simple DSM accumulation. Results A number of use cases were used to   qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the use and usefulness of   rtdsm. Specifically, two DSM slicing methods, planar and noncoplanar,   were implemented and tested, and the effects of method choice on output   DSMs were demonstrated. An example comparison of DSMs from two different   treatments was used to highlight the use cases of various built-in   analysis functions for equivalent dose conversion and DSM feature   extraction. Conclusions We developed and implemented rtdsm as a   standalone software that provides all essential functionalities required   to perform a DSM-based study. It has been made freely accessible under   an open-source license on Github to encourage collaboration and   community use.",10.1002/mp.15900
1779,Article,Technical Note: Open-Source Software for Water-Level Measurement in   Images With a Calibration Target,"Image-based water level measurements offer data quality assurance   through visual verification that no other method can provide. GaugeCam   Remote Image Manager-Educational 2 (GRIME2) is a mature, open-source   commercial friendly software application that automatically detects and   measures water level in laboratory and field settings. The software   relies on a dedicated target background for water line detection and   image calibration. The system detects the change in pixel gray scale   values associated with the intersection of the water level at the target   surface. Fiducials on the target background are used to precisely create   a pixel to real world coordinate transfer matrix and to correct for   camera movement. The presented software package implements the   algorithms and automates the water level measurement process, annotation   of images with result overlays, creation of animations, and output of   results to files that can be further analyzed in a spreadsheet or with R   or Python. These GRIME2 features are illustrated using imagery from a   coastal marsh field site. Tradeoffs between workflow and algorithm   complexity and ease of use are discussed and future improvements are   identified with the intention that this Findable, Accessible,   Interoperable, and Reusable-inspired software can be adopted, modified   and improved by the user community. While image resolution, quality and   other factors associated with field deployment (e.g., water surface   roughness, sun glare, shadows, and bio-fouling) will have an impact on   measurement quality, previous controlled laboratory testing that did not   manifest these issues showed potential for accuracy of +/- 3 mm (Gilmore   et al., 2013, ).",10.1029/2022WR033203
1781,Article,Ten simple rules for funding scientific open source software,"Scientific research increasingly relies on open source software (OSS).   Funding OSS development requires intentional focus on issues of   scholarly credit, unique forms of labor, maintenance, governance, and   inclusive community-building. Such issues cut across different   scientific disciplines that make them of interest to a variety of   funders and institutions but may present challenges in understanding   generalized needs. Here we present 10 simple rules for investing in   scientific OSS and the teams who build and maintain it.   Author summary   As funders of scientific research, we have a unique knowledge of the   challenges that researchers face in finding support for the many parts   of their projects. Scientific software is a central part of the research   process and is increasingly in need of investments to ensure continued   advancement and progress. Here we draw on our experiences as funders to   provide guidance and considerations for funders and other community   members interested in supporting scientific software. We address   specific issues related to software, including contributor community   development, governance, sustainability, and diversity and inclusion.",10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010627
1783,InProceedings,The Influence of Sponsorship on Open-Source Software Developers'   Activities on GitHub,"Studies on the OSS communities have shown that financial supports are   critical to OSS developers and projects to maintain their progress and   sustainability. However, there were few developers being paid directly   for maintaining OSS projects in the past. The GitHub Sponsors program   that brings financial supports to the general OSS developers in   GitHub-the world's largest OSS platform may make a difference on this   situation in the future. In this paper, we present a data set on GitHub   Sponsors and conduct a data-driven study to analyze the participants of   the program and the impact of sponsorships to developers' activities and   their projects' outcomes and qualities. The results of our survey   suggest that most developers state they will contribute more with   sponsorships and provide some privilege for their sponsors. And through   quantitative study, we find that developers make more contributions on   GitHub after they got/offered sponsorships. Moreover, gaining   sponsorship also has a weakly positive impact on developers'   collaborators that did not get sponsorship. And not only developers, but   their own or contributed projects also can be motivate by sponsorships.   Our findings are useful to the community by understanding the impact of   sponsorships on users' activities and projects' progress and   sustainability, and helping the managers to improve the current   financial support mechanism.",10.1109/COMPSAC54236.2022.00144
1785,InProceedings,"The Unsolvable Problem or the Unheard Answer? A Dataset of 24,669   Open-Source Software Conference Talks","Talks at practitioner-focused open-source software conferences are a   valuable source of information for software engineering researchers.   They provide a pulse of the community and are valuable source material   for grey literature analysis. We curated a dataset of 24,669 talks from   87 open-source conferences between 2010 and 2021. We stored all relevant   metadata from these conferences and provide scripts to collect the   transcripts. We believe this data is useful for answering many kinds of   questions, such as: What are the important/highly discussed topics   within practitioner communities? How do practitioners interact? And how   do they present themselves to the public? We demonstrate the usefulness   of this data by reporting our findings from two small studies: a topic   model analysis providing an overview of open-source community dynamics   since 2011 and a qualitative analysis of a smaller community-oriented   sample within our dataset to gain a better understanding of why   contributors leave open-source software.",10.1145/3524842.3528488
1786,InProceedings,The emergence of green business modeling innovation ecosystem platform   facilitating green digitalization with open-source software,"In today's world, the digitalization process is ongoing, if not in all,   then almost all corners of our society. It has radically changed entire   business domains like the banking sector with more online self-service   and fewer physical banking locations, and from renting DVDs in stores to   online subscription-based streaming, etc. Another fact in today's world   is a global burning platform to change human activities to more   environmentally sustainable activities that make it possible for humans   to enjoy the hospitality of mother earth for many years to come. This   article is the second of a series of articles investigating the   potential role of digitalization with open-source software in green   business modeling innovation. The open-source community is a growing   community that has proven to deliver significant value to an   ever-increasing number of organizations and individuals. Therefore, this   second takes the architectural design proposed in the first article of   this series and implements a working prototype. Furthermore, as a result   of this article, we document the prototype process and outcome.",10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014745
1788,Article,The impact of leadership styles and motivations: lessons from Open   Source Software projects for educational organizations,"This work focuses on the Open Source Software (OSS) topic in education,   using a leadership and motivational perspective. The purpose of this   paper is to analyse the teachers' motivation to contribute to OSS   projects for teaching. A structural equation model (SEM) has been   defined under the postulates of the Path-Goal leadership theory and   Motivational Behaviour. This model has tried to explain and predict the   use of OSS solutions by teachers in an educational context. The findings   confirm the positive relationships between transactional and   transformational leaderships with extrinsic and intrinsic motivations.   Additionally, the findings show the positive relationship between   extrinsic and intrinsic motivations and the contributions to the OSS   project in teaching. This research suggests several implications for   both leaders and members of an OSS project in an educational context.   First, the contribution of teachers and instructors to the project is   greater when the motivation is fostered by the leader. Second, this   study finds that motivating the participants of a project - teachers in   this case - is highly recommended, in order to reach a successful   adoption of OSS solutions for education.",10.1080/09537325.2021.1963698
1792,Article,"The influence of Free and Open-Source Software-Geographic Information   System online training on spatial habits, knowledge and skills","The era of regional autonomy after the 1998 reformation prompted the   formation of a new formal administrative area in Indonesia as an effort   to encourage the national development. Pangandaran Regency, after   divided from Ciamis Regency, requires attention from higher education   stakeholders in the spatial field to manage its natural and   social-economic resources. Free and Open-Source Software-Geographic   Information System (FOSS-GIS) training is the appropriate solution   through the community service and empowerment program from university.   This study aims to determine the effect of FOSS-GIS training on spatial   habits, spatial knowledge, and spatial skills. The online training was   attended by 24 participants who are officials from the government of   Pangandaran Regency. To determine the effect, we used Wilcoxon's Test   and Paired Sample T-Test on spatial habits and spatial knowledge. We   analyzed the spatial skills of self-paced tasks and presentation of   results by the participants. This study shows a positive effect of   FOSS-GIS training which can be seen from the increase in scores between   pre-test and post-test. The spatial habits increased 5.4 percent,   whereas the spatial knowledge increased 6.1 percent. Participants were   also able to demonstrate all their spatial skills to make a tsunami   hazard map and present it. FOSS-GIS online training is effective for   improving spatial habits, spatial knowledge, and spatial skills for   participants in any background.",10.17576/geo-2022-1801-09
1793,Article,The interplay between volunteers and firm's employees in distributed   innovation: emergent architectures and stigmergy in open source software,"This paper focuses on the interplay between firms and open and   collaborative innovation communities. We develop a formal model where   both volunteers (agents setting their agendas freely) and firm's   employees (agents whose agenda is mostly set by their employer)   participate in the creation of a common artifact. In this framework, we   discuss how firms can influence the architecture of the emerging product   to assure fast and performant development and a desirable distribution   of innovative labor within the project team. We find that closing the   project only to employees implies high speed and performance if   employees are given autonomy in certain dimensions and are directed in   others. In this case, however, we observe a trade-off in terms of ideal   core-periphery division of labor on one side and development speed and   performance on the other side. At the opposite extreme, creating a   volunteer-only project can ease the trade-off but assures positive   results only if the firm is able to set up an entry mechanism that   ``surgically{''} selects volunteers with specific preferences. A mixture   of both employees and volunteers can strike a good balance, relaxing the   two constraints.",10.1093/icc/dtac037
1795,Article,Time-Series Snapshot Network for Partner Recommendation: A Case Study on   OSS,"The last decade has witnessed the rapid growth of open-source software   (OSS). Still, all contributors may find it difficult to assimilate into   the OSS community even they are enthusiastic to make contributions. We   thus suggest that partner recommendation across different roles may   benefit both the users and developers, i.e., once we are able to make   successful recommendation for those in need, it may dramatically   contribute to the productivity of developers and the enthusiasm of   users, thus further boosting OSS projects' development. Motivated by   this potential, we model the partner recommendation as link prediction   task from email data via network embedding methods. In this article, we   introduce time-series snapshot network (TSSN) that is a mixture network   to model the interactions among users and developers. Based on the   established TSSN, we perform temporal biased walk (TBW) to automatically   capture both temporal and structural information of the email network,   i.e., the behavioral similarity between individuals in the OSS email   network. Experiments on ten Apache data sets demonstrate that the   proposed TBW significantly outperforms a number of advanced random   walk-based embedding methods, leading to the state-of-the-art   recommendation performance.",10.1109/TCSS.2021.3070914
1797,Article,Titanium Clip-dental Floss Traction-assisting Endoscopy in Patients With   Difficulty in Cannulation Into the Duodenal Peridiverticular Papilla,"Objective: To assess titanium clip-dental floss traction-assisting   endoscopy in patients with difficulty in cannulation into the papilla   located at the lower, left or right side of the periampullary   diverticulum. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight patients who had   difficulty in cannulation into the papilla located at the lower, left,   or right side of the periampullary diverticulum upon endoscopic   retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were recruited at Taizhou   Hospital from July 2016 to June 2020. A random number table was used to   divide the patients into an intervention (with titanium clip-dental   floss traction) group and a control group (n=34 in each group). Patients   in both groups underwent ERCP. The cannulation time, cannulation success   rate, incidence of postprocedural complications after ERCP,   hospitalization time, and hospitalization expenses in the 2 groups were   compared. Result: The cannulation time was 15.3 +/- 4.1 minutes in the   intervention group, which was less than that in the control group (25.7   +/- 6.5 min). The cannulation success rate was 77 +/- 12.1\\% in the   intervention group, which was higher than that in the control group (43   +/- 16.7\\%). Postprocedural complications occurred in 2 patients in the   intervention group and 6 patients in the control group, with no   significant differences. The hospitalization time and expenses were 3.8   +/- 2.6 days and 11.1 +/- 6 thousand yuan in the intervention group,   respectively, and 6.1 +/- 3.7 days and 18.2 +/- 8 thousand yuan in the   control group, respectively. The differences were statistically   significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Titanium clip-dental floss   traction-assisting endoscopy achieved excellent efficacy in patients   with difficulty in cannulation into the papilla located at the lower,   left or right side of the periampullary diverticulum. The cannulation   success rate was improved after treatment, with good safety and   prognosis.",10.1097/SLE.0000000000001068
1798,InProceedings,To Disengage or Not to Disengage: A Look at Contributor Disengagement in   Open Source Software,"Contributors are vital to the sustainability of open source ecosystems,   and disengagement threatens that sustainability. We seek to both   strengthen and protect open source communities by creating a more robust   way of defining and identifying contributor disengagement in these   communities. To do this, we collected a large amount of grey literature   relating to contributor disengagement and performed a qualitative   analysis in order to better our understanding of why contributors   disengage.",10.1145/3510454.3522685
1802,InProceedings,Towards a FOSS Automatic Classification of Defects for Bridges   Structural Health Monitoring,"Bridges are among the most important structures of any road network.   During their service life, they are subject to deterioration which may   reduce their safety and functionality. The detection of bridge damage is   necessary for proper maintenance activities. To date, assessing the   health status of the bridge and all its elements is carried out by   identifying a series of data obtained from visual inspections, which   allows the mapping of the deterioration situation of the work and its   conservation status. There are, however, situations where visual   inspection may be difficult or impossible, especially in critical areas   of bridges, such as the ceiling and corners. In this contribution, the   authors acquire images using a prototype drone with a low-cost camera   mounted upward over the body of the drone. The proposed solution was   tested on a bridge in the city of Turin (Italy). The captured data was   processed via photogrammetric process using the opensource Micmac   solution. Subsequently, a procedure was developed with FOSS tools for   the segmentation of the orthophoto of the intrados of the bridge and the   automatic classification of some defects found on the analyzed   structure. The paper describes the adopted approach showing the   effectiveness of the proposed methodology.",10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1\\_22
1803,InProceedings,Trust Challenges in Reusing Open Source Software: An Interview-based   Initial Study,"Open source projects play a significant role in software production.   Most of the software projects reuse and build upon the existing open   source projects and libraries. While reusing is a time and cost saving   strategy, some of the key factors are often neglected that create   vulnerability in the software system. We look beyond the static code   analysis and dependency chain tracing to prevent vulnerabilities at the   human factors level. Literature lacks a comprehensive study of the human   factors perspective to the issue of trust in reusing open source   projects. We performed an interview-based initial study with software   developers to get an understanding of the trust issue and limitations   among the practitioners. We outline some of the key trust issues in this   paper and layout the first steps towards a trustworthy reuse of   software.",10.1145/3503229.3547061
1805,InProceedings,Understanding Skills for OSS Communities on GitHub,"The development of open source software (OSS) is a broad field which   requires diverse skill sets. For example, maintainers help lead the   project and promote its longevity, technical writers assist with   documentation, bug reporters identify defects in software, and   developers program the software. However, it is unknown which skills are   used in OSS development as well as OSS contributors' general attitudes   towards skills in OSS. In this paper, we address this gap by   administering a survey to a diverse set of 455 OSS contributors. Guided   by these responses as well as prior literature on software development   expertise and social factors of OSS, we develop a model of skills in OSS   that considers the many contexts OSS contributors work in. This model   has 45 skills in the following 9 categories: technical skills, working   styles, problem solving, contribution types, project-specific skills,   interpersonal skills, external relations, management, and   characteristics. Through a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses,   we find that OSS contributors are actively motivated to improve skills   and perceive many benefits in sharing their skills with others. We then   use this analysis to derive a set of design implications and best   practices for those who incorporate skills into OSS tools and platforms,   such as GitHub.",10.1145/3540250.3549082
1806,Article,Understanding community participation and engagement in open source   software Projects: A systematic mapping study,"In the Open Source Software (OSS) paradigm, developers along with users   form a community for an OSS project as they share an interest in   using/developing the project. Active community engagement is essential   for an OSS project to succeed. OSS communities should strive for greater   community participation and engagement through the use of tools,   practices, and processes. The primary goal of this paper is to presents   a review of studies on community participation and engagement in OSS   projects based on systematic mapping study and snowballing technique.   This study also provides an understanding about the research topics and   gaps in the area, utilized research methods and publication venues. We   have analyzed 67 research papers related to the study topic. The   findings revealed that most of the studies used a combination of survey   and questionnaire as a research methodology. We found that community   participation and engagement research focuses on 5 main research topics   joining process, contribution barriers, motivation, retention, and   abandonment. The investigated studies provide more evidence on   motivation and contribution barriers but less on the joining process and   abandonment. The results presented in this paper will be helpful for   researchers to understand the latest trends in this area and identifying   the corresponding research gaps.(c) 2020 The Authors. Published by   Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access   article under the CC BY-NC-ND license   (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).",10.1016/j.jksuci.2020.10.020
1808,InProceedings,Understanding the Practice of Security Patch Management across Multiple   Branches in OSS Projects,"Since the users of open source software (OSS) projects may not use the   latest version all the time, OSS development teams often support code   maintenance for old versions through maintaining multiple stable   branches. Typically, the developers create a stable branch for each old   stable version, deploy security patches on the branch, and release fixed   versions at regular intervals. As such, old-version applications in   production environments are protected from the disclosed vulnerabilities   in a long time. However, the rapidly growing number of OSS   vulnerabilities has greatly strained this patch deployment model, and a   critical need has arisen for the security community to understand the   practice of security patch management across stable branches. In this   work, we conduct a large-scale empirical study of stable branches in OSS   projects and the security patches deployed on them via investigating 608   stable branches belonging to 26 popular OSS projects as well as more   than 2,000 security fixes for 806 CVEs deployed on stable branches.   Our study distills several important findings: (i) more than 80\\%   affected CVE-Branch pairs are unpatched; (ii) the unpatched   vulnerabilities could pose a serious security risk to applications in   use, with 47.39\\% of them achieving a CVSS score over 7 (High or   Critical Severity); and (iii) the patch porting process requires great   manual efforts and takes an average of 40.46 days, significantly   extending the time window for N-day vulnerability attacks. Our results   reveal the worrying state of security patch management across stable   branches. We hope our study can shed some light on improving the   practice of patch management in OSS projects.",10.1145/3485447.3512236
1810,Article,Using open data and open-source software to develop spatial indicators   of urban design and transport features for achieving healthy and   sustainable cities,"Benchmarking and monitoring of urban design and transport features is   crucial to achieving local and international health and sustainability   goals. However, most urban indicator frameworks use coarse spatial   scales that either only allow between-city comparisons, or require   expensive, technical, local spatial analyses for within-city   comparisons. This study developed a reusable, open-source urban   indicator computational framework using open data to enable consistent   local and global comparative analyses. We show this framework by   calculating spatial indicators-for 25 diverse cities in 19 countries-of   urban design and transport features that support health and   sustainability. We link these indicators to cities' policy contexts, and   identify populations living above and below critical thresholds for   physical activity through walking. Efforts to broaden participation in   crowdsourcing data and to calculate globally consistent indicators are   essential for planning evidence-informed urban interventions, monitoring   policy effects, and learning lessons from peer cities to achieve health,   equity, and sustainability goals.",10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00072-9
1811,Article,Visualization and Quantification of the Unrepaired Complete   Atrioventricular Canal Valve Using Open-Source Software,"Background: Repair of complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) is often   complicated by residual left atrioven-tricular valve regurgitation. The   structure of the mitral and tricuspid valves in biventricular hearts has   previously been shown to be associated with valve dysfunction. However,   the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the entire unrepaired CAVC valve   has not been quantified. Understanding the 3D structure of the CAVC may   inform optimized repair.Methods: Novel open-source work flows were   created in SlicerHeart for the modeling and quantification of CAVC   valves on the basis of 3D echocardiographic images. These methods were   applied to model the annulus, leaflets, and papillary muscle (PM)   structure of 35 patients (29 with trisomy 21) with CAVC using trans   -thoracic 3D echocardiography. The mean leaflet and annular shapes were   calculated and visualized using shape analysis. Metrics of the complete   native CAVC valve structure were compared with those of normal mitral   valves using the Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between CAVC   structure and atrioventricular valve regurgitation were   analyzed.Results: CAVC leaflet metrics varied throughout systole.   Compared with normal mitral valves, the left CAVC PMs were more acutely   angled in relation to the annular plane (P < .001). In addition, the   anterolateral PM was laterally and inferiorly rotated in CAVC, while the   posteromedial PM was more superiorly and laterally rotated, relative to   normal mitral valves (P < .001). Lower native CAVC atrioventricular   valve annular height and annular height-to-valve width ratio before   repair were both associated with moderate or greater left   atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation after repair (P <   .01).Conclusions: It is feasible to model and quantify 3D CAVC structure   using 3D echocardiographic images. The results demonstrate significant   variation in CAVC structure across the cohort and differences in   annular, leaflet, and PM structure compared with the mitral valve. These   tools may be used in future studies to catalyze future research intended   to identify structural associations of valve dysfunction and to optimize   repair in this vulnerable and complex population. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr   2022;35:985-96.)",10.1016/j.echo.2022.04.015
1812,Article,Wayback Machine: A tool to capture the evolutionary behavior of the bug   reports and their triage process in open-source software systems,"The issue tracking system (ITS) is a rich data source for data-driven   decision-making. Different characteristics of bugs, such as severity,   priority, and time to fix, provide a clear picture of an ITS.   Nevertheless, such information may be misleading. For example, the exact   time and the effort spent on a bug might be significantly different from   the actual reporting time and the fixing time. Similarly, these values   may be subjective, e.g., severity and priority values are assigned based   on the intuition of a user or a developer rather than a structured and   well-defined procedure. Hence, we explore the evolution of the bug   dependency graph together with priority and severity levels to explore   the actual triage process. Inspired by the idea of the ``Wayback Machine   ``for the World Wide Web, we aim to reconstruct the historical decisions   made in the ITS. Therefore, any bug prioritization or bug triage   algorithms/scenarios can be applied in the same environment using our   proposed ITS Wayback Machine. More importantly, we track the   evolutionary metrics in the ITS when a custom triage/prioritization   strategy is employed. We test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm   using data extracted from three open-source projects. Our empirical   study sheds light on the overlooked evolutionary metrics - e.g., overdue   bugs and developers' loads - which are facilitated via our proposed   past-event re-generator. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2022.111308
1813,Article,What makes the right OSS contributor tick? Treatments to motivate   high-skilled developers,"We study how OSS project owners can manage their repositories so as to   motivate particularly high-skilled coders to exert continuous effort   after joining a project. Drawing on literature from personnel economics,   we lay out how coders' skill level affects their selection for a focal   project in the first place. In turn, we theorize how projectspecific   norms and quality aspirations that developers learn about after joining   an OSS project represent treatments that varyingly entice developers to   contribute more code conditional on their skill level. Based on a   custom-tailored dataset merging GitHub and Stack Overflow data for   almost 50,000 contributor-project-month observations, we find that   repository owners are able to motivate their most talented volunteer   contributors when they (1) show no visible commercial orientation while   managing their projects, (2) show generosity in accepting external   contributions, and (3) provide fast feedback. We discuss implications   for research and practice in the fields of community-based organizations   like OSS as well as personnel economics.",10.1016/j.respol.2021.104368
1814,Article,Will you come back to contribute? Investigating the inactivity of OSS   core developers in GitHub,"Several Open-Source Software (OSS) projects depend on the continuity of   their development communities to remain sustainable. Understanding how   developers become inactive or why they take breaks can help communities   prevent abandonment and incentivize developers to come back. In this   paper, we propose a novel method to identify developers' inactive   periods by analyzing the individual rhythm of contributions to the   projects. Using this method, we quantitatively analyze the inactivity of   core developers in 18 OSS organizations hosted on GitHub. We also survey   core developers to receive their feedback about the identified breaks   and transitions. Our results show that our method was effective for   identifying developers' breaks. About 94\\% of the surveyed core   developers agreed with our state model of inactivity; 71\\% and 79\\% of   them acknowledged their breaks and state transition, respectively. We   also show that all core developers take breaks (at least once) and about   a half of them (similar to 45\\%) have completely disengaged from a   project for at least one year. We also analyzed the probability of   transitions to/from inactivity and found that developers who puce their   activity have a similar to 35 to similar to 55\\% chance to return to an   active state; yet, if the break lasts for a year or longer, then the   probability of resuming activities drops to similar to 21-26\\%, with a   similar to 54\\% chance of complete disengagement. These results may   support the creation of policies and mechanisms to make OSS community   managers aware of breaks and potential project abandonment.",10.1007/s10664-021-10012-6
1816,Article,Women's Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the   Literature,"Women are underrepresented in Open Source Software (OSS) projects, as a   result of which, not only do women lose career and skill development   opportunities, but the projects themselves suffer from a lack of   diversity of perspectives. Practitioners and researchers need to   understand more about the phenomenon; however, studies about women in   open source are spread across multiple fields, including information   systems, software engineering, and social science. This article   systematically maps, aggregates, and synthesizes the state-of-the-art on   women's participation in OSS. It focuses on women contributors'   representation and demographics, how they contribute, their motivations   and challenges, and strategies employed by communities to attract and   retain women. We identified 51 articles (published between 2000 and   2021) that investigated women's participation in OSS. We found evidence   in these papers about who are the women who contribute, what motivates   them to contribute, what types of contributions they make, challenges   they face, and strategies proposed to support their participation.   According to these studies, only about 5\\% of projects were reported to   have women as core developers, and women authored less than 5\\% of   pull-requests, but had similar or even higher rates of pull-request   acceptances than men. Women make both code and non-code contributions,   and their motivations to contribute include learning new skills,   altruism, reciprocity, and kinship. Challenges that women face in OSS   are mainly social, including lack of peer parity and non-inclusive   communication from a toxic culture. We found 10 strategies reported in   the literature, which we mapped to the reported challenges. Based on   these results, we provide guidelines for future research and practice.",10.1145/3510460
1818,Article,``Survival of the Fittest{''} and George Eliot's Critique of Capitalism   in <i>The Mill on the Floss</i>,"In The Mill on the Floss, the ruthless rules of social Darwinism play   out even before the term ``survival of the fittest{''} was coined, and   the fiction translates the ``survival of the fittest{''} that Darwin   identified in nature to a human community in the early stages of   industrial capitalism. This article aims to demonstrate how George Eliot   evaluates laissez-faire capitalism through her use of the Darwinian   struggle for existence among the Tullivers and the Dodsons, and how   George Eliot's criticism of materialism and Mammonism of the early   industrial capitalism in The Mill on the Floss works as a warning for   her Victorian contemporaries who are devoted to ``economic survival of   the fittest.{''}",10.5325/georelioghlstud.74.2.0110
1820,Article,bSTAB: an open-source software for computing the basin stability of   multi-stable dynamical systems,"The pervasiveness of multi-stability in nonlinear dynamical systems   calls for novel concepts of stability and a consistent quantification of   long-term behavior. The basin stability is a global stability metric   that builds on estimating the basin of attraction volumes by Monte Carlo   sampling. The computation involves extensive numerical time   integrations, attractor characterization, and clustering of   trajectories. We introduce bSTAB, an open-source software project that   aims at enabling researchers to efficiently compute the basin stability   of their dynamical systems with minimal efforts and in a highly   automated manner. The source code, available at , is available for the   programming language Matlab featuring parallelization for distributed   computing, automated sensitivity and bifurcation analysis as well as   plotting functionalities. We illustrate the versatility and robustness   of bSTAB for four canonical dynamical systems from several fields of   nonlinear dynamics featuring periodic and chaotic dynamics, complicated   multi-stability, non-smooth dynamics, and fractal basins of attraction.   The bSTAB projects aims at fostering interdisciplinary scientific   collaborations in the field of nonlinear dynamics and is driven by the   interaction and contribution of the community to the software package.",10.1007/s11071-021-06786-5
1821,Article,genES-MDA: A generic open-source software package to solve inverse   problems via the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation,"Ensemble Kalman filter methods have been successfully applied for data   assimilation and parameter estimation through inverse modeling in   various scientific fields. We have developed a new generic software   package for the solution of inverse problems implementing the Ensemble   Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (genES-MDA). It is an   open-source, platform-independent Python-based program. Its aim is to   facilitate the management and configuration of the ES-MDA through   several programming tools that help in the preparation of the different   steps of ES-MDA. genES-MDA has a flexible workflow that can be easily   adapted for the implementation of different variants of the ensemble   Kalman filter and for the solution of generic inverse problems. This   paper presents a description of the package and some application   examples. genES-MDA has been tested in three synthetic case studies: the   solution of the reverse flow routing for the estimation of the inflow   hydrograph to a river reach using observed water levels and a calibrated   forward model of the river system, the identification of a hydraulic   conductivity field using piezometric observations and a known forward   flow model, and the estimation of the release history of a contaminant   spill in an aquifer from measured concentration data and a known flow   and transport model. The results of all these tests have demonstrated   the flexibility of genES-MDA and its capabilities to efficiently solve   different types of inverse problems.",10.1016/j.cageo.2022.105210
1825,Article,<i>IsoMatchMS</i>: Open-Source Software for Automated Annotation and   Visualization of High Resolution MALDI-MS Spectra,"Due to its speed, accuracy, and adaptability to varioussampletypes,   matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)   has become a popular method to identify molecular isotopeprofiles from   biological samples. Often MALDI-MS data do not includetandem MS   fragmentation data, and thus the identification of compoundsin samples   requires external databases so that the accurate mass ofdetected signals   can be matched to known molecular compounds. Mostrelevant MALDI-MS   software tools developed to confirm compound identificationsare focused   on small molecules (e.g., metabolites,lipids) and cannot be easily   adapted to protein data due to theirmore complex isotopic distributions.   Here, we present an R packagecalled IsoMatchMS for the automated   annotation ofMALDI-MS data for multiple datatypes: intact proteins,   peptides, andglycans. This tool accepts already derived molecular   formulas or,for proteomics applications, can derive molecular formulas   from alist of input peptides or proteins including proteins with   post-translationalmodifications. Visualization of all matched isotopic   profiles is providedin a highly accessible HTML format called a   trelliscope display, whichallows users to filter and sort by several   parameters such as matchscores and the number of peaks matched.   IsoMatchMS simplifies the annotation and visualization of MALDI-MS data   fordownstream analyses.",10.1021/jasms.3c00180
1826,InProceedings,A Data Engineering Method for Filtering and Identifying Open Source   Software Supply Chain,"Filtering and identifying open source supply chain software are the   front conditions for the security of the software supply chain, and it   is a necessary means to help users and enterprises choose reliable   softwares. At the same time, identifying the supply chain of the entire   ecology is a vital way to explore the ecological characteristics and   find hidden dangers. By tracing the development history of external   dependencies in different programming language management, this article   summarizes the four common external dependencies management methods   today and proposes a universal open source software supply chain   construction algorithm. Finally, the Linux distribution version is used   as a case of large software systems, and its supply chain is analyzed.",10.1109/ICBDA57405.2023.10104906
1827,InProceedings,A Four-Year Study of Student Contributions to OSS vs. OSS4SG with a   Lightweight Intervention,"Modern software engineering practice and training increasingly rely on   Open Source Software (OSS). The recent growth in demand for professional   software engineers has led to increased contributions to, and usage of,   OSS. However, there is limited understanding of the factors affecting   how developers, and how new or student developers in particular, decide   which OSS projects to contribute to, a process critical to OSS   sustainability, access, adoption, and growth. To better understand OSS   contributions from the developers of tomorrow, we conducted a four-year   study with 1,361 students investigating the life cycle of their   contributions (from project selection to pull request acceptance).   During the study, we also delivered a lightweight intervention to   promote the awareness of open source projects for social good (OSS4SG),   OSS projects that have positive impacts in other domains. Using both   quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyze student experience   reports and the pull requests they submit. Compared to general OSS   projects, we find significant differences in project selection (p <   0.0001, effect size = 0.84), student motivation (p < 0.01, effect size =   0.13), and increased pull-request acceptance rates for OSS4SG   contributions. We also find that our intervention correlates with   increased student contributions to OSS4SG (p < 0.0001, effect size =   0.38). Finally, we analyze correlations of factors such as gender or   working with a partner. Our findings may help improve the experience for   new developers participating in OSS4SG and the quality of their   contributions. We also hope our work helps educators, project leaders,   and contributors to build a mutually-beneficial framework for the future   growth of OSS4SG.",10.1145/3611643.3616250
1831,Article,A Method of Reliability Assessment Based on Fine Tuning Deep Learning   Model for Open Source Software in Edge Computing,"Recently, the computing service has been changing from the cloud   computing to the edge one. The edge computing is very important to serve   nearly the IoT devices. In particular, several IoT devices have no-large   scale computer storage. Therefore, the edge servers will be able to   solve the problems of small-scale computer storage. Also, the edge   computing is structured by several open source software. Then, the open   source software updates version-up day by day. The version-upgradation   is the characteristic of open source software. This paper focuses on the   keywords such as the edge computing, deep learning, reliability   assessment, and open source software. We propose the method of   reliability assessment based on deep learning.",10.1142/S0218539323500109
1832,Article,"A Simple and Efficient Structural Topology Optimization Implementation   Using Open-Source Software for All Steps of the Algorithm: Modeling,   Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization","This work analyzes the implementation of a continuous method of   structural topology optimization (STO) using open-source software for   all stages of the topology optimization problem: modeling, sensitivity   analysis and optimization. Its implementation involves three main   components: numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM),   sensitivity analysis using an Adjoint method and an optimization solver.   In order to allow the automated numerical solution of Partial   Differential Equations (PDEs) and perform a sensitivity analysis, FEniCS   and Dolfin Adjoint software are used as tools, which are open-source   code. For the optimization process, Ipopt (Interior Point OPTimizer) is   used, which is a software package for nonlinear optimization scale   designed to find (local) solutions of mathematical optimization   problems. The topological optimization method used is based on the   SIMP-Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization interpolation. The   considered problem is the minimization of compliance/maximization of   stiffness, considering the examples of recurrent structures in the   literature in 2D and 3D. A density filtering algorithm based on   Helmholtz formulation is used. The complete code involves 51 lines of   programming and is presented and commented in detail in this article.",10.32604/cmes.2023.026043
1833,Article,A Smart Factory Architecture Based on Industry 4.0 Technologies:   Open-Source Software Implementation,"The Smart Factory has been a concept studied during the last decade that   has not been standardized yet; for this reason, the academy and industry   have developed a wide variety of new architectures that describe the   integration of elements for digitization and interconnection. The   present research aims to introduce a new architecture proposal for   migrating traditional (automation) to smart (digitization) factories,   implemented through open-source software. The proposed architecture is   integrated, for the first time, by the interconnection of six main   elements: cyber-physical systems, edge computing, artificial   intelligence, cloud computing, data analytics, and cybersecurity; the   research describes in detail their definitions, sub-elements, the   interconnection between elements, and the minimum requirements for   implementation. The test of the proposed smart factory was done through   a scale smart factory pilot testing for a pick and place process, where   the assembly of wood pieces from the geometric Tangram's puzzle was   required; for this reason, the pilot testing includes a   six-degree-of-freedom robot arm, a conveyor, a vision system, and a   storage area. The case study conducted in this research allowed the   assembly of four puzzles (fish, house, rocket, and swan) that were   assembled with four different batches of pieces. The implementation   allowed testing flexibility and adaptability. The final assembly reports   included the status of assembly, the number of pieces assembled, the   number of pieces stored, the assembly sequence, and the assembly time.   Similarly, the development of the SCADA system allowed asset control as   well as asset monitoring. The KPIs of the assembly process measured   productivity (OTD) and time tracking (ATCT and TA) of the 16 tests,   founding that the interconnection and digitization of the scale   manufacturing cell were fully integrated and allowed repeatability; the   proposed SF architecture represents an alternative for the small and   medium automated factories to achieve interconnection and digitization,   and it is ready to be tested in a more complex scenario.",10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3316116
1834,Article,A novel method for signal labeling and precise location in a variable   parameter milling process based on the stacked-BiLSTM-CRF and FLOSS,"Unlabeled time series signals collected during manufacturing typically   have low value density and must be labeled and intercepted according to   the specific application scenario. During variable-parameter milling,   particularly high-precision machining, machining parameters vary, and   associated discrepancies in vibration signals are small. In this   scenario, signal features that are extracted by hand or via deep   learning methods cannot typically distinguish machining states via   classification models. To solve this problem, a sequence labeling model   developed using a stacked bidirectional long short-term memory network   with a conditional random field layer (stacked-BiLSTM-CRF) is proposed   in this study to automatically label and intercept vibration signals.   The stacked BiLSTM receives the shallow features obtained by the   short-time Fourier transform of the vibration signals and then outputs   the extracted deep features to capture the before and after dependence   of the signals. The stacked BiLSTM is then extended by stacking a CRF   layer to explicitly model the dependence of signal labels. In a more   accurate labeling scenario, the fast low-cost online semantic   segmentation algorithm (FLOSS) is used to acquire more fine-grained   signal boundary locations after obtaining the frame-level signal label   using the stacked BiLSTM-CRF model. In addition, to evaluate model   performance, a novel evaluation index for signal labeling is proposed.   The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified   using the vibration signals collected from variable parameter cutting   experiments, and results show that the proposed model achieves the best   labeling performance of tested methods in nearly all scenarios.",10.1016/j.aei.2022.101850
1835,Article,A semantic model to publish open source software on the web of data,"Purpose The purpose of the paper is to propose a semantic model for   describing open source software (OSS) in a machine-human understandable   format. The model is extracted to support source code reusing and   revising as the two primary targets of OSS through a systematic review   of related documents. Design/methodology/approach Conducting a   systematic review, all the software reusing criteria are identified and   introduced to the web of data by an ontology for OSS (O4OSS). The   software semantic model introduced in this paper explores OSS through   triple expressions in which the O4OSS properties are predicates.   Findings This model improves the quality of web data by describing   software in a structured machine-human readable profile, which is linked   to the related data that was previously published on the web. Evaluating   the OSS semantic model is accomplished through comparing it with   previous approaches, comparing the software structured metadata with   profile index of software in some well-known repositories, calculating   the software retrieval rank and surveying domain experts.   Originality/value Considering context-specific information and authority   levels, the proposed software model would be applicable to any open and   close software. Using this model to publish software provides an   infrastructure of connected meaningful data and helps developers   overcome some specific challenges. By navigating software data, many   questions which can be answered only through reading multiple documents   can be automatically responded on the web of data.",10.1108/AJIM-09-2021-0280
1837,Article,A silk-floss tree (<i>Ceiba speciosa</i>) provides an oasis for floral   visitors in an otherwise hostile suburban-farmland environment,"Keystone components in green urban spaces can make a big difference in   supporting either impoverished or rich animal communities. Trees that   produce thousands of flowers at densities higher than that of herbs and   produce much more nectar than the latter can be such keystone   structures. However, there is a lack of specific information on trees,   both native and alien, and their flower visitors in urban/suburban   contexts, which blurs the conservation role that such species can   perform. In 2019 and 2020, we thoroughly recorded the flower visitors to   a silk-floss tree in suburban Guadalajara, Mexico. To our knowledge,   this is the first comprehensive inventory of silk-floss tree flower   visitors. We documented 79 species/morphospecies of insects; eight of   birds, and one of mammals visiting the flowers. All, except two, are   native to the region; three are endemic/quasi-endemic to Mexico. Besides   direct and indirect floral resources, the silk-floss tree offered   perches, resting/hiding cover, nesting substrate, and seed fibres used   by several birds, and feeding substrate for gleaning insectivorous   birds. Four species are on one or more conservation listings: monarch   butterfly (endangered), pink-spotted swallowtail (vulnerable),   sparkling-tailed hummingbird (threatened), and lesser long-nosed bat   (near-threatened). Our data supports that small patches can enhance the   quality of urban green spaces, and that rather than geographic origin,   flower output drives visitation. Alien trees can be pollination   enhancement `devices' for imperilled pollination networks. Silk-floss   trees are a potential option for conservation-oriented urban greening,   as well as to contribute to enhancing human enjoyment of nature, and   provide opportunities for public outreach.",10.1080/00222933.2023.2284996
1838,Article,Adaptation of FEM-based open-source software for ship structural   analysis,This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities emerging from   the application of finite element method-based open-source software in   ship structural analysis. Application of general procedure for   development and assessment of FEA software used for ship structures is   presented and demonstrated on the new upgrade of open-source FEA   software OOFEM (Object-Oriented Finite Element Method). Properties of   new quadrilateral shell FEs implemented in OOFEM are presented. The new   FEs comply with relevant class requirements and are suitable for the   usage in the analysis of real-world ship structures. The implemented   software upgrade is validated on a series of test problems ranging from   simple engineering structures to a real-world model of one part of   megayacht's superstructure. The benefits of validation tests and   challenges encountered in the process of selecting the tests and   interpreting their results are also discussed.,10.1080/17445302.2022.2035568
1839,Article,AirSeaFluxCode: Open-source software for calculating turbulent air-sea   fluxes from meteorological parameters,"The turbulent exchanges, or fluxes, of heat, moisture and momentum   between the atmosphere and the ocean play a crucial role in the Earth's   climate system. Direct measurements of turbulent fluxes are very   challenging and sparse, and do not span the full range of environmental   conditions that exist over the ocean. This means that empirical ``bulk   formulae{''} parameterizations that relate direct flux observations to   concurrent measurements of the mean meteorological and sea surface   variables contain considerable uncertainty. In this paper, we present a   Python 3.6 (or higher) open-source software package ``AirSeaFluxCode{''}   for the computation of the heat (latent and sensible) and momentum   fluxes. Ten different parameterizations are included, each based on   published descriptions or code and each derived from a different set of   observations, or different assumptions about the turbulent exchange   processes. They represent a range of current expert opinion on how the   fluxes depend on mean properties and can be used to explore uncertainty   in calculated fluxes. AirSeaFluxCode also allows the adjustment of the   mean meteorological input parameters (air temperature, humidity and wind   speed) from the height at which they are obtained to a user-defined   output height. This height adjustment enables the comparison of   measurements, or model-derived values, made at different heights above   sea-level. The parameterizations calculate the fluxes using input   parameters that are relatively easily to measure, or are available as   model output: wind speed, air temperature, sea surface temperature,   atmospheric pressure and humidity. Where original code is available we   have compared its output with that of AirSeaFluxCode. Any changes made   to increase consistency across algorithms by standardizing computational   methods or calculation of meteorological variables, for example, are   discussed and the impacts quantified: these are shown to be   insignificant except for a few cases where conditions were extreme, and   AirSeaFluxCode is shown to be robust. We also investigate the impact on   the fluxes caused by different assumptions about the exchange processes,   or the choices inherent in the implementation of the parameterizations.   For example, sea surface temperature usually refers to data typically   obtained at depths of between 1 and 10 m. However, since some   parameterizations require a ``skin{''} sea surface temperature, code   that adjusts temperature at depth to skin temperature is included: this   has a very significant impact on the fluxes. Selecting a   parameterization that is appropriate for the available sea surface   temperature will avoid the need to adjust the sea temperature data and   the uncertainties associated with that adjustment, and will also avoid   the biases due to use of the ``wrong{''} measure of temperature.   Significant differences also resulted from assumptions about the size of   reduction in sea surface humidity to account for salinity effects: the   uncertainty in the reduction factor needs to be quantified in future   analyses. Fluxes in extreme conditions are particularly uncertain since   the transfer coefficients in the different parameterizations vary most   at very high and very low wind speeds. Low wind speeds are also   challenging for numerical implementation since choices have to be made   regarding: convergence criteria for the iterative calculation, inclusion   of a parameterization for convective gustiness, or application of ad hoc   limits to various parameters. All of these choices can significantly   affect the flux estimates for light winds.",10.3389/fmars.2022.1049168
1840,Article,An Analysis and Comparison of Proprietary and Open-Source Software for   Building E-commerce Website: A Case Study,"Starting an e-commerce website has been one of the most successful   business ideas in recent years. Managing an e-commerce website used to   be challenging, but thanks to advances in technology, it is now feasible   to successfully manage an e-commerce website by choosing the right   e-commerce platform. Almost every company nowadays has a website,   particularly those that cater to digital or internet-based clientele.   Starting a modest online store is straightforward, but as the company   expands, the expectations get more specialized, and they are not met.   Unfortunately, ``ready to go{''} solutions are typically resistive to   acceptance, meaning that all individual changes are not warmly welcomed.   This study analyzed and compared the two types of software used in   building e-commerce websites in the Philippines' popular websites and   detected the current web technologies and conducted an online survey   using qualitative approach with the participation of experts and   familiar with e-commerce system. It also to identified what are the   things need to consider when choosing software. As results from the   surveys on e-commerce software, the most significant variables to   consider when choosing an ecommerce software, whether proprietary or   open source, are security and performance, followed by time and budget   when establishing an e-commerce website.",10.12720/jait.14.3.426-430
1841,InProceedings,An Empirical Study of License Conflict in Free and Open Source Software,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has become the fundamental   infrastructure of mainstream software projects. FOSS is subject to   various legal terms and restrictions, depending on the type of open   source license in force. Hence it is important to remain compliant with   the FOSS license terms. Identifying the licenses that provide FOSS and   understanding the terms of those licenses is not easy, especially when   dealing with a large amount of reuse that is common in modern software   development. Since reused software is often large, automated license   analysis is needed to address these issues and support users in license   compliant reuse of FOSS. However, existing license assessment tools can   only identify the name and quantity of licenses embedded in software and   thus cannot identify whether the licenses are being used safely and   correctly. Moreover, they cannot provide a comprehensive analysis of the   compatibility and potential risk that come with the term conflicts.   In this paper, we propose DIKE, an automated tool that can perform   license detection and conflict analysis for FOSS. First, DIKE extracts   12 terms under 3,256 unique open source licenses by manual analysis and   Natural Language Processing (NLP) and constructs a license knowledge   base containing the responsibilities of the terms. Second, DIKE scans   all licenses from the code snippet for the input software and outputs   the scan results in a tree structure. Third, the scan results match the   license knowledge base to detect license conflicts from terms and   conditions. DIKE designs two solutions for software with license   conflicts: license replacement and code replacement. To demonstrate the   effectiveness of DIKE, we first evaluate with the term extraction and   responsibility classification, and the results show that their F1-scores   reach 0.816 and 0.948, respectively. In addition, we conduct a   measurement study of 16,341 popular projects from GitHub based on our   proposed DIKE to explore the conflict of license usage in FOSS. The   results show that 1,787 open source licenses are used in the project,   and 27.2\\% of licenses conflict. Our new findings suggest that conflicts   are prevalent in FOSS, warning the open source community about   intellectual property risks.",10.1109/ICSE-SEIP58684.2023.00050
1843,InProceedings,An Empirical Study to Investigate Collaboration Among Developers in Open   Source Software (OSS),"The value of teamwork is being recognized by project owners, resulting   in an increased acknowledgement of collaboration among developers in   software engineering. A good understanding of how developers work   together could positively impact software development practices. In this   paper, we investigate the collaboration habits of developers in project   files by leveraging the World of Code (WoC) dataset and GitHub API. We   first identify the collaboration level of developers within the project   files, such as the source, test, documentation, and build files, using   the Author Cross Entropy (ACE). From the results we find out that test   files report the highest degree of collaboration among the developers,   perhaps because collaboration is critical to ensure convergence of   functionality tests. Furthermore, the source code files show the least   degree of collaboration, perhaps because of code ownership and the   complexity and difficulty in code modification. Secondly, given the   widespread usage of the Python programming language, we investigate the   Python code tokens that are more prone to change and collaboration. Our   findings offer insights into the specific project files and Python code   tokens that developers typically collaborate on in the opensource   community. This information can be used by researchers and developers to   enhance existing collaboration platforms and tools.",10.1109/MSR59073.2023.00054
1844,InProceedings,An Exploration of Technical Debt over the Lifetime of Open-Source   Software,"Technical debt represents unwanted issues that result from decisions   made to speed up the design or implementation of software at the expense   of resolving existing issues. Like financial debt, it consists of the   principal and an interest. Debt is usually paid back through code   rewrites, refactoring, or the introduction of test code. When unchecked,   interest can accumulate over time and lead to development crises where   focus and resources must be shifted to resolve existing debt before the   development process can be resumed. Existing software tooling allows   practitioners to quantify the level of debt and identify its sources,   allowing decision makers to measure and control it. We propose a   detailed exploration of the characteristics of source code technical   debt over the lifetime of several popular open-source applications. We   employed a SonarQube instance configured for longitudinal analysis to   study all publicly released versions of the target applications,   amounting to over 15 years' worth of releases for each. We found that a   small number of issue types were responsible for most of the debt and   observed that refactoring reduced debt levels across most application   packages. We observed increased variance in technical debt distribution   and composition in early application versions, which lessened once   applications matured. We addressed concerns regarding the accuracy of   SonarQube estimations and illustrated some of its limitations. We aim to   continue our research by including additional tools to characterize   debt, leverage existing open data sets and extend our exploration to   include additional applications and types of software.",10.1007/978-3-031-36597-3\\_14
1845,Article,An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Consensus WASPAS Method for Assessment of   Open-Source Software Learning Management Systems,"Ineffective evaluation of open-source software learning management   system (OSS-LMS) packages can negatively impact organizational   effectiveness. Clients may struggle to select the best OSS-LMS package   from a wide range of options, leading to a complex multi-criteria group   decision -making (MCGDM) problem. This evaluates OSS-LMS packages based   on several criteria like us-ability, functionality, e-learning   standards, reliability, activity tracking, course development,   assess-ment, backup and recovery, error reporting, efficiency, operating   system compatibility, computer -managed instruction, authentication,   authorization, troubleshooting, maintenance, upgrading, and scalability.   Handling uncertain data is a vital aspect of OSS-LMS package evaluation.   To tackle MCGDM issues, this study presents a consensus weighted sum   product (c-WASPAS) method which is applied to an educational OSS-LMS   package selection problem to evaluate four OSS-LMS pack-ages, namely   ATutor, eFront, Moodle, and Sakai. The findings indicate that the   priority order of alternatives is Moodle > Sakai > eFront > ATutor and,   therefore, MOODLE is the best OSS-LMS package for the case study. A   sensitivity analysis of criteria weights is also conducted, as well as a   comparative study, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed   method. It is essential to note that proper OSS-LMS package evaluation   is crucial to avoid negative impacts on organizational per-formance. By   addressing MCGDM issues and dealing with uncertain information, the   c-WASPAS method presented in this study can assist clients in selecting   the most appropriate OSS-LMS pack-age from multiple alternatives. The   findings of this study can benefit educational institutions and other   organizations that rely on OSS-LMS packages to run their operations.",10.15388/23-INFOR523
1846,Article,An open-source software for calculating 1D gamma index in radiation   therapy,"Purpose: This study was developed to create computer software for   performing the gamma index comparison between measurement and Monte   Carlo (MC) simulation for the percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam   offcenter ratio profile (OCR). Materials and methods: The gamma software   was built in the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) software environment. The   developed software was compared with ScanDosematch and Bistromath   software's gamma evaluation to assess its accuracy. A set of reference   and evaluated dose distribution, which were obtained from measurement   and MC simulation, was input to the software to calculate the 1D gamma   index using different criteria (i.e. 3\\%/3 mm, 2\\%/3 mm, and 2\\%/2 mm).   Results: We compared the two results of gamma index at 3\\%/3 mm, 2\\%/3   mm, and 2\\%/2 mm criteria, one calculated by the proposed software and   one manually. The comparison showed high agreement between the proposed   software and theoretical calculation. Conclusions: Based on the results,   we concluded that our developed software has high accuracy, compared to   theoretical calculation. This software could serve as a non-commercial   and open-source tool for researchers and students.",10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102937
1847,Article,An open-source software framework for the integrated simulation of   structures in fire,"The traditional methods to understand the development of elevated   temperature in a structure, and also the associated structural response,   are not representative of realistic fire scenarios. To provide a more   accurate and realistic reflection of the fire development, the current   paper develops a generic middleware which interfaces between the   computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fire Dynamics Simulator   (FDS) and the finite element (FE) analysis software OpenSees. This   framework enables a fully integrated simulation of a realistic fire   scenario including the heat transfer through the structure and the   resulting thermo-mechanical response. The proposed framework is   open-source and freely available and therefore can be used and further   developed by researchers and practicing engineers and customised to   their requirements. This paper shows validation against two sets of   experimental results and one real fire incident. A number of different   types of thermal boundary conditions such as gas temperatures and heat   fluxes, are obtained from the CFD analysis and are then used in the   subsequent heat transfer and thermo-mechanical analysis. The primary   advantage of this computational tool is that it provides consultants and   designers with the means to undertake large-scale projects requiring   performance-based fire engineering solutions.",10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103896
1848,Article,Applying a Geographic Information System and Other Open-Source Software   to Geological Mapping and Modeling: History and Case Studies,"Open-source software applications, especially those useful for GIS, have   been used in the field of geology both in research and teaching at the   University of Urbino for decades. The experiences described in this   article range from land-surveying cases to cartographic processing and   3D printing of geological models. History of their use and development   is punctuated by trials, failures, and slowdowns, but the idea of using   digital tools in areas where they are traditionally frowned upon, such   as in soil geology, is now rooted in and validated by applications in   projects of various types. Although the current situation is not   definitive, given that the evolution of information technology provides   increasingly faster tools that are performance-oriented and easier to   use, this article aims to contribute to the development of methodologies   through an exchange of information and experiences.",10.3390/geomatics3040025
1849,Article,Assign-MALDI - A free software for assignment of MALDI-TOF MS spectra of   glycans derivatized using common and novel labeling strategies,"Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF)   MS is a popular method to analyze glycans released from proteins, cell   lines, and tissue samples. Chemical modification of glycans   (derivatization) can enhance ionization, enable semi-quantitation, and   assist in linkage identification. However, the mass changes incurred by   novel and more recently developed derivatizations are not accommodated   by most spectral assignment programs, necessitating manual assignment   which increases both the difficultly and the likelihood of error.   AssignMALDI is a software tool designed to create glycan databases with   customized derivatizations (labels) and automatically assign glycan   masses in MALDI-TOF spectra using the new database. It can also average   peak intensities across multiple spectra and prepare publication-ready   assignment tables. To make it easy to use with different platforms, all   input files and most output files are in text format. An interactive   display enables users to inspect and edit peak assignments prior to   producing charts and tables for publication. The program is freely   available through GitHUB and Python-savvy users can add or adjust   features as needed.",10.1002/pmic.202200320
1850,Article,"Candy floss spinning driven facile exfoliated PLA-clay   bionanocomposites: Study of mechanical, thermal, and microstructural   properties","Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a benign biodegradable polymer based on   renewable resource. Cotton candy floss is a longstanding popular   technique to prepare cotton like fibres in food applications. This study   investigated the potential feasibility of using candy floss spinning   (CFS) technique to generate new PLA-clay bionanocomposites with   exfoliated morphology. The dispersion of nanoclay in PLA-clay   bionanocomposites prepared by internal mixing, with and without candy   floss spinning, as a masterbatch (having 20\\%wt nanoclay) and then   diluted in twin screw extruder to different percentage of nanoclay   loadings (1\\%, 2\\% and 4\\%, w/w), were compared in terms of their   structures and properties. They were subjected to several tests: tensile   and flexural tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),   simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA),   gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) study,   scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy   (TEM). Overall, mechanical, and thermal properties of the   bionanocomposites were improved in comparison to the neat PLA.   Furthermore, XRD study exposed that bionanocomposites pre -pared by the   CFS technique showed the disappearance of d001 basal peak, confirming   generation of exfoliated microstructures, whereas the samples prepared   solely by the internal mixing technique showed intercalated structure.   Additionally, PLA-clay bionanocomposites prepared by the candy floss   spinning technique exhibited prominent enhancement of mechanical as well   as thermal properties compared to the ones prepared solely by internal   mixing. These bionanocomposites possess great potential to find   application as food packaging material.",10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101173
1851,Article,Clarity About Transparency: Software Transparency and Open Source   Software Licenses in the US Public Sector,"Public sector entities working with the U.S. government should strive to   be transparent by releasing and ingesting software bill of materials   when implementing new projects, including projects with closed source   software and open source software.",10.1109/MS.2023.3265889
1853,Article,Clay-based 1D-2D halloysite\\&g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanostructured   meat floss for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,"Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has drawn extensive attention with   some features including visible-light response as non-metallic   semiconductor, low cost in raw material and green pollution-free for   environment, but suffers from some issues such as fast charge carriers'   recombination, easy aggregation, etc. In this work, the 1D-2D   HNTs\\&g-C3N4-X binary materials similar to meat floss pattern in a   series of halloysite loading amounts are designed via a facile   electrostatic self-assembly strategy with debris g-C3N4 after cell   pulverizing treatment and HNTs that outwardly modified by   cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the building blocks. The   halloysite-mediated satellite-core material displays a photocatalytic of   H-2 evolution performance with the highest evolution rate of 137.0 mu   mol g(-1) h(-1) in visible light condition with no co-catalysts, and is   similar to 3.4 times that of bulk g-C3N4, mainly benefiting from the   reduced nanometer size of debris g-C3N4 and enhanced interface   dispersion ability by HNTs, resulting in ameliorative separation   efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. This research conclusively   provides the new perspective towards the performance enhancement of   water splitting of g-C3N4 in raw clay mineral modification mode and   broadens the applications of mineral-based composite in the renewable   energy utilization field.",10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20520
1854,InProceedings,Code Recommendation for Open Source Software Developers,"Open Source Software (OSS) is forming the spines of technology infrastructures, attracting millions of talents to contribute. Notably, it is challenging and critical to consider both the developers’ interests and the semantic features of the project code to recommend appropriate development tasks to OSS developers. In this paper, we formulate the novel problem of code recommendation, whose purpose is to predict the future contribution behaviors of developers given their interaction history, the semantic features of source code, and the hierarchical file structures of projects. We introduce CODER, a novel graph-based CODE Recommendation framework for open source software developers, which accounts for the complex interactions among multiple parties within the system. CODER jointly models microscopic user-code interactions and macroscopic user-project interactions via a heterogeneous graph and further bridges the two levels of information through aggregation on file-structure graphs that reflect the project hierarchy. Moreover, to overcome the lack of reliable benchmarks, we construct three large-scale datasets to facilitate future research in this direction. Extensive experiments show that our CODER framework achieves superior performance under various experimental settings, including intra-project, cross-project, and cold-start recommendation.",10.1145/3543507.3583503
1855,InProceedings,ColEmo: A Flexible Open Source Software Interface for Collecting Emotion   Data,"Data collection is a critical challenge in Emotion Recognition (ER),   especially as demand grows for in-the-wild data that includes contextual   information. The collection of data is continuously needed to   investigate new ER modalities, sensors, stimuli, models, and methods.   This necessitates the development of tools and frameworks that   facilitate emotion data collection. In this paper, we introduce ColEmo,   an open-source software interface for collecting emotion data. ColEmo   was developed using Flutter allowing it to be compiled for both desktop   and mobile devices. The architecture and interface of ColEmo provides a   high degree of flexibility to be customized or extended to suit specific   experiment requirements. We tested ColEmo in an ER data collection study   which was extended to include Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and motion   context, demonstrating its effectiveness in lab environments. Further   investigation is recommended to evaluate ColEmo's potential for   in-the-wild data collection setups.",10.1109/ACIIW59127.2023.10388161
1856,Article,Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy of Interdental Brush and   Interdental Floss in Orthodontics Patients From Vidarbha Region: An   Interventional Study,"Background Plaque and dental caries are the primary agents causing   gingival and periodontal diseases, eventually progressing into tooth   loss. If oral hygiene practice is poor, plaque easily accumulates on the   tooth surface, especially in interproximal areas. To maintain a good   oral environment, it is mandatory to remove or at least reduce the   percentage of plaque formation from the oral cavity. To achieve this,   interdental aids should be used along with toothbrushes, as cleansing   the teeth only with a toothbrush is not effective. Various interdental   aids, like interdental brushes, floss, toothpicks, etc., are now   available on the market. The objective of the current survey was to rate   knowledge as well as make a comparison between the cleaning   effectiveness of interdental brushes and interdental floss to determine   which was better at reducing plaque accumulation and, subsequently,   dental caries. The survey was accessed by measuring individual plaque   and gingival index before and after using interdental cleaning   aids.Methodology The objective of the survey was to evaluate and analyze   the efficiency of interdental brushes and interdental floss in   maintaining oral hygiene among orthodontic patients residing in the   Vidarbha region. After receiving approval from the Ethical Committee   DMIHER(DU)/IEC/2023/721, a study was conducted over a 30-day period,   focusing on a group of 100 individuals aged between 15 and 30 years, and   their assessments were analyzed. The patient was briefed about the study   and asked to make use of an interdental brush and interdental floss. The   gingival index and plaque index were calculated on the same patients   before and after the use of the interdental brush and interdental floss   to determine which was better at reducing plaque accumulation on the   surface of teeth. Descriptive analysis, unpaired for intergroup   comparison, and paired T-tests for intragroup comparison were used. The   software used was SPSS 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and GraphPad Prism   7.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA).Result Everyone's tooth   surfaces naturally develop a thin layer of plaque biofilm, but the   presence of heavy plaque deposits on teeth indicates poor dental   hygiene, which can lead to various oral health issues. Failure to   improve dental hygiene status can result in problems such as halitosis,   gingival issues, periodontal disease, and eventually tooth loss.   Dentists play a crucial role in raising awareness about these concerns   among their patients and providing education on effective oral care   practices, including the use of interdental aids in conjunction with   toothbrushes. When comparing the effectiveness of interdental brushes   and dental floss in removing plaque, interdental brushes have been found   to be more efficient. They not only excel in plaque removal but also   contribute to a reduction in gingival problems. The statistical analysis   supports this, with a significant p-value of less than 0.01 for both the   plaque index and gingival index when using interdental brushes,   indicating their superior performance in maintaining oral   health.Conclusion The study will help every individual improve their   oral hygiene status with the help of an interdental aid and a   toothbrush. This will reduce the chances of having gingival and   periodontal diseases and eventually reduce the risk of tooth loss.",10.7759/cureus.46191
1857,Article,Comprehensive assessment of open source software ecosystem health,"Recent surveys expose that the use of Open Source Software (OSS) is   increasingly becoming a need for organizations in their development   projects. However, deciding a proper OSS to be adopted or to contribute   to its development is a complex and error-prone task. Analyzing the OSS   ecosystem (OSSECO) health may help providing information about: (1) the   OSS itself (number of commits, days after the last release, etc.); and   (2) their main actors (number of contributors, partners, etc.). There   exist proposals that go further and provide aggregated high-level   indicators (e.g. visibility as an aggregation of number of community   events, number of partners, and other metrics). Nevertheless, there is a   lack of useful OSSECO analysis tools to ease the decision making on   which OSSECO has the health required by a potential OSS adopter or   contributor. In this work, we provide OSS-CARE (OSSeCo heAlthy monitoR   and analysEr), an OSS-independent, fully automatic, and real-time   framework to assess OSSECO's health. OSS-CARE supports defining the   ecosystem health objectives of potential OSS adopters, OSS contributors,   and even OSS managers to inspect their provided health. These objectives   are defined based on a well-established model characterizing health   metrics that can be potentially aggregated by using a Bayesian network   technique. Moreover, the integrated monitoring and analysis components   perform an automated assessment of OSSECO's health by checking the   fulfillment of the required health objectives. Furthermore, the result   is shown in an appealing dashboard that may ease the complex decision   making of which OSS to choose.",10.1016/j.iot.2023.100808
1858,InProceedings,Constructing Temporal Networks of OSS Programming Language Ecosystems,"One of the primary factors that encourage developers to contribute to   open source software (OSS) projects is the collaborative nature of OSS   development. However, the collaborative structure of these communities   largely remains unclear, partly due to the enormous scale of data to be   gathered, processed, and analyzed.   In this work, we utilize the World Of Code dataset, which contains   commit activity data for millions of OSS projects, to build   collaboration networks for ten popular programming language ecosystems,   containing in total over 290M commits across over 18M projects. We build   a collaboration graph representation for each language ecosystem, having   authors and projects as nodes, which enables various forms of social   network analysis on the scale of language ecosystems. Moreover, we   capture the information on the ecosystems' evolution by slicing each   network into 30 historical snapshots. Additionally, we calculate   multiple collaboration metrics that characterise the ecosystems' states.   We make the resulting dataset publicly available\\% including the   constructed graphs and the pipeline enabling the analysis of more   ecosystems.",10.1109/SANER56733.2023.00067
1859,Article,Cross-status communication and project outcomes in OSS development A   language style matching perspective,"Context The success of an open source software (OSS) project requires   effective communication among its members. Given that OSS projects often   have established social status systems, such communication may happen   between individuals of different statuses, particularly, elite   developers with project management privileges and ordinary project   contributors. They communicate with each other onmany essential   activities, e.g., bug fixing, code review, etc., thus having profound   influences on project outcomes.   Objectives We seek to develop an understanding of cross-status   communication from a perspective of language stylematching among   developers of different status, and its relationships with an OSS   project's outcomes in terms of productivity and quality.   Method We approach the above research objectives with the language   stylematching (LSM) tool, which measures the similarities of   cross-status communication inmultiple language style features. We first   dynamically identify elite developers having project administration   privileges for each sampled project. Then, we capture the cross-status   communication between elite and non-elite developers; and calculate the   LSM features of these two groups of individuals. The LSM variables,   together with project outcomes, were used to fit regression models to   analyze potential relationships between cross-status communication's   language matching and project outcomes.   Results Using over 275,000 collected conversations, our analyses yield   rich insights into cross-status communication in open source   development. First, our results reveal that the elite and non-elite   developers exhibit quite similar linguistic patterns in using certain   categories of words. Second, we explore the relationships between   linguistic similarity in cross-status communication and project   outcomes. The regression results are generally negative, indicating   there might be very limited significant relationships between   cross-status communication's language matching and project outcomes,   with a few exceptions.   Limitations The study has several limitations. First, it considers   projects hosted on GitHub only. Second, to ensure data availability, our   sample is drawn from top projects, thus not representing all projects.   Third, we only consider a limited number of linguistic features, and   indicators for project outcomes.   Registered Report This study is developed from the registered report   available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.05538. This registered report   was accepted at the MSR 2021 Registered Reports Track.",10.1007/s10664-023-10298-8
1861,Article,DeepQMC: An open-source software suite for variational optimization of   deep-learning molecular wave functions,"Computing accurate yet efficient approximations to the solutions of the   electronic Schrodinger equation has been a paramount challenge of   computational chemistry for decades. Quantum Monte Carlo methods are a   promising avenue of development as their core algorithm exhibits a   number of favorable properties: it is highly parallel and scales   favorably with the considered system size, with an accuracy that is   limited only by the choice of the wave function Ansatz. The recently   introduced machine-learned parametrizations of quantum Monte Carlo   Ansatze rely on the efficiency of neural networks as universal function   approximators to achieve state of the art accuracy on a variety of   molecular systems. With interest in the field growing rapidly, there is   a clear need for easy to use, modular, and extendable software libraries   facilitating the development and adoption of this new class of methods.   In this contribution, the DEEPQMC program package is introduced, in an   attempt to provide a common framework for future investigations by   unifying many of the currently available deep-learning quantum Monte   Carlo architectures. Furthermore, the manuscript provides a brief   introduction to the methodology of variational quantum Monte Carlo in   real space, highlights some technical challenges of optimizing neural   network wave functions, and presents example black-box applications of   the program package. We thereby intend to make this novel field   accessible to a broader class of practitioners from both the quantum   chemistry and the machine learning communities.",10.1063/5.0157512
1862,Article,Development and Implementation of Element Deletion Algorithm into an   Open-Source Software Based on the Fracture Locus of Materials,"An accurate fracture simulation is often associated with how reliably   the material model is represented. Hence, many models dealing with the   calibration of ductile damage of materials have already been developed   to predict failure initiation. Nevertheless, the challenge remains in   obtaining an accurate representation of the fracture growth. Herein, an   element deletion algorithm is developed and implemented into finite   element open-source software. The deleted elements are replaced by new   cells made of a virtual low-stiffness material. To better visualize the   failure progression, the final model excludes these virtual cells from   the representation. The functionality of the algorithm is tested through   a series of two-dimensional simulations on three different geometries   with a well-known behavior under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the failure   response of a three-dimensional lattice structure is numerically   investigated and compared against experimental data. The results of the   two-dimensional simulations showed the capability of the algorithm to   predict the onset of failure, crack nucleation, and fracture growth.   Similarly, the onset and the initial fracture region were accurately   captured in the three-dimensional case, with some convergence issues   that prevent the visualization of the fracture growth. Overall, the   results are encouraging, and the algorithm can be improved to introduce   other computational functionalities.",10.3390/ma16010187
1863,Article,Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging   concern in South African water resources using open-source software:   Lessons learnt,"With population growth and dwindling freshwater sources, protecting such   sources has come to the forefront of water resource management.   Historically, society's response to a problem is based on funding   availability, current threat, and public outcry. Achieving this is   largely dependent on the knowledge of the factors that are resulting in   compromised water sources. These factors are constantly changing as   novel contaminants are introduced into surface water sources. As we are   in the information age, the interest in contaminants of emerging concern   (CEC) is gaining ground. Whilst research is being conducted to identify   contaminants in South African water sources, the research outputs and   available information is not collated and presented to the science   community and stakeholders in readily available formats and platforms.   Current research outcomes need to be made known to regulators in order   to develop environmental laws. By using fourth industrial revolution   technology, we were able to collate available data in literature and   display",10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13007
1864,Article,Digital curation and open-source software in LAM-related publications,"The changing conditions in which LAM institutions operate require   constant monitoring of the development of solutions dedicated to   different forms of their activities. This article aims at an analysis of   the literature related to LAM institutions on open-source software used   in digital curation. The undertaken research was an attempt to check the   interest in this issue in publications registered in the BASE   multi-search database. The research material collected during library   searches was analysed using simple bibliometric methods. Based on   literature analysis, this paper indicates a growing interest in digital   curation in LAM institutions in the context of open-source software. The   first publications on this subject recorded in the BASE database date   back to 2005. Since then, the number of different publication types has   been growing steadily, including in particular conference proceedings   and journal articles. An increasing number of authors interested in   digital curation associated with many institutions from around the world   has also been recorded. The analysis of the material also allowed us to   identify various applications available under open-source licences. The   article provides an opportunity to look at the changes occurring in the   analysed body of literature. It presents leading authors publishing   works related to digital curation. It also identifies the most popular   software described over 16 years. It provides a comprehensive   description of topics and the structure of literature on open-source   software used in digital curation. The described analysis results can be   a contribution to in-depth research and a set of solutions for   practitioners.",10.1177/09610006221113372
1865,Article,DisGUVery: A Versatile Open-Source Software for High-Throughput Image   Analysis of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles,"Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are cell-sized aqueous compartments   enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer. Due to their cell-mimicking   properties, GUITs have become a widespread experimental tool in   synthetic biology to study membrane properties and cellular processes.   In stark contrast to the experimental progress, quantitative analysis of   GUV microscopy images has received much less attention. Currently, most   analysis is performed either manually or with custom-made scripts, which   makes analysis time-consuming and results difficult to compare across   studies. To make quantitative GUV analysis accessible and fast, we   present DisGUVery, an open-source, versatile software that encapsulates   multiple algorithms for automated detection and analysis of GUVs in   microscopy images. With a performance analysis, we demonstrate that   DisGUVery's three vesicle detection modules successfully identify GUVs   in images obtained with a wide range of imaging sources, in various   typical GUV experiments. Multiple predefined analysis modules allow the   user to extract properties such as membrane fluorescence, veside shape,   and internal fluorescence from large populations. A new membrane   segmentation algorithm facilitates spatial fluorescence analysis of   nonspherical vesicles. Altogether, DisGUVery provides an accessible tool   to enable high-throughput automated analysis of GUVs, and thereby to   promote quantitative data analysis in synthetic cell research.",10.1021/acssynbio.2c00407
1866,Article,Disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: {A} comment on {Foss} et al. (2021),"Research SummaryWe extend the ownership competence framework by discussing how the features of the institutional environment influence the exercise of ownership competence. Two amendments are proposed. First, we add a new dimension to the framework, institutional competence (“where to own”), which denotes that individuals and firms have heterogeneous abilities to assess how an institutional environment affects the potential uses of a resource. Second, we argue that institutional uncertainty moderates the three original dimensions of the framework, impairing the exercise of ownership competence of some entrepreneurs and firms more than of others. We use examples from the literature to illustrate our arguments. We also discuss the implications of our analysis.Managerial SummaryThe ownership competence framework is built on the idea that business owners have different abilities to deploy resources and create value. Starting from this contribution, we shed light on the specific role that the institutional environment plays in the exercise of ownership competence. We argue that the ownership competence framework must explicitly consider where ownership takes place in order to explain the actions of entrepreneurs and firms. We also claim that institutional uncertainty can influence value creation in more subtle ways than indicated in the original formulation of the ownership competence framework. All in all, this article paves the way for institutional aspects to be considered more explicitly in the strategic analysis of ownership.",10.1002/smj.3462
1867,InProceedings,Do All Software Projects Die When Not Maintained? Analyzing Developer   Maintenance to Predict OSS Usage,"Past research suggests software should be continuously maintained in   order to remain useful in our digital society. To determine whether   these studies on software evolution are supported in modern-day software   libraries, we conduct a natural experiment on 26,050 GitHub   repositories, statistically modeling library usage based on their   package-level downloads against different factors related to project   maintenance.",10.1145/3611643.3617849
1871,InProceedings,Do CONTRIBUTING Files Provide Information about OSS Newcomers'   Onboarding Barriers?,"Effectively onboarding newcomers is essential for the success of open   source projects. These projects often provide onboarding guidelines in   their `CONTRIBUTING' files (e.g., CONTRIBUTING.md on GitHub). These   files explain, for example, how to find open tasks, implement solutions,   and submit code for review. However, these files often do not follow a   standard structure, can be too large, and miss barriers commonly found   by newcomers. In this paper, we propose an automated approach to parse   these CONTRIBUTING files and assess how they address onboarding   barriers. We manually classified a sample of files according to a model   of onboarding barriers from the literature, trained a machine learning   classifier that automatically predicts the categories of each paragraph   (precision: 0.655, recall: 0.662), and surveyed developers to   investigate their perspective of the predictions' adequacy (75\\% of the   predictions were considered adequate). We found that CONTRIBUTING files   typically do not cover the barriers newcomers face (52\\% of the analyzed   projects missed at least 3 out of the 6 barriers faced by newcomers;   84\\% missed at least 2). Our analysis also revealed that information   about choosing a task and talking with the community, two of the most   recurrent barriers newcomers face, are neglected in more than 75\\% of   the projects. We made available our classifier as an online service that   analyzes the content of a given CONTRIBUTING file. Our approach may help   community builders identify missing information in the project ecosystem   they maintain and newcomers can understand what to expect in   CONTRIBUTING files.",10.1145/3611643.3616288
1875,Article,Electronic Shooting Simulator Family ``STrIzh{''}: Implementation Levels   and Free Software Structure,"Development of rifle electronic simulators (i.e. for hand weapons and   not using ammunition) is an important task, since the production of any   type of small arms according to regulatory documents also requires the   production of a simulator to instill aiming and firing skills. A family   of electronic shooting simulators ``STrIzh{''} of four levels of   implementation: initial, basic, professional and special is described.   Structural diagrams of different configurations are given, functional   purpose and capabilities of each level of simulators are shown. The   initial level allows independent assemble the simulator from publicly   available elements (laptop, webcam, weapon layouts, IR LEDs), which can   contribute to widespread use both in schools and at home, but is low in   accuracy and manufacturabili (requires daily calibration). The basic   level also allows independent assemble the simulator, and less publicly   available elements (laptop, projector, mockup weapons, laser emitters,   FHD camera), which allows to be used both in schools and in DOSAAF   structures, and has acceptable accuracy and manufacturability (a weekly   calibration is enough, but assembling a mock-up weapon with laser   emitters requires adjustments). It is recommended to limit the special   level to virtual reality simulators, including a helmet with a   smartphone and a mockup of a weapon with its smartphone which also   contributes to its public availability and widespread use. The simulator   software algorithm should fully support all implementation levels with   different configurations and include a multimedia shooting training   system. Mathematical models of external ballistics of thrown equipment   for Kalashnikov assault rifle, Makarov pistol, hand-held anti-tank   grenade launcher 7 products are described in detail, taking into account   changes in atmospheric factors (temperature, air pressure, wind force)   and dispersion of various types of ammunition. The above review of rifle   simulators and their experience revealed the main trends of improvement   - use of virtual reality and training not only direct shooting skills,   but also training in the eligibility of the use of weapons, safe   handling of them and even tactical interaction in the group.",10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-4-251-267
1876,Article,Endo-sinus bone gain following osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation   with Bio-Oss Collagen compared with no grafting material: a one-year   single-blind randomized controlled trial,"The objective of this study was to assess endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG)   following osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with Bio-Oss Collagen   (test) compared with no grafting material (control) using two-and   three-dimensional radiographic methods, as part of a randomized   controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04618900). Forty healthy   patients who met the necessary eligibility criteria were allocated by   block randomization to either the test group (20 patients) or control   group (20 patients). Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained   at enrolment (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), at delivery of the   prosthetic rehabilitation (T2), and 1 year after functional implant   loading (T3). Mean differences were expressed with the 95\\% confidence   interval; significance was set at P < 0.05. ESBG was significantly   increased with Bio-Oss Collagen compared with no grafting material at   T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.001). A gradual decrease in ESBG was observed over   time with both treatment modalities (P < 0.001), which diminished the   difference between the test and control groups at T2 and T3. ESBG was   observed to be positively correlated with implant protrusion length and   negatively correlated with the residual bone height. In   osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation, the application of Bio-Oss   Collagen underneath the elevated Schneiderian membrane improved ESBG   significantly when compared with no grafting material. However, the   increased ESBG seems not to have positively improved the treatment   outcomes in terms of the implant stability quotient or the survival of   the implants or suprastructures.",10.1016/j.ijom.2023.03.009
1877,InProceedings,Engagement Models in Education-Oriented H/FOSS Projects,"Engaging students in free and open source (FOSS) projects can provide   significant curricular benefits but is known to be challenging for both   students and faculty. This paper reports on our efforts to mitigate   these challenges through the creation and use of Education-Oriented   H/FOSS (Humanitarian FOSS or FOSS) projects authentic open source   projects consciously designed and managed to facilitate student and   faculty engagement. We describe four active Education-Oriented H/FOSS   projects and introduce a framework for illustrating different models of   H/FOSS engagement. The framework is used to structure a discussion of   the considerations and trade-offs of different engagement models, and   highlights particular models that have been used to engage students and   faculty in our four Education-Oriented H/FOSS projects. The framework   positions projects along dimensions of professor involvement,   responsibility for project hosting/management, mode of student knowledge   and skill acquisition, and the curricular engagement goals. In doing so   it broadly captures trade-offs that exist between the level of   institutional resources used and the level of student independence   required. It is anticipated this framework and the discussion that it   organizes will be useful to faculty a) in evaluating the appropriateness   of particular H/FOSS projects for use in their courses and curriculum   and b) as guidance to those considering the creation of new   Education-Oriented H/FOSS projects.",10.1145/3545945.3569835
1879,InProceedings,Enhancing OSS Patch Backporting with Semantics,"Keeping open-source software (OSS) up to date is one potential solution   to prevent known vulnerabilities. However, it requires frequent and   costly testing and may introduce compatibility issues. Consequently,   developers often choose to backport security patches to the vulnerable   versions instead. Manual backporting is time-consuming, especially for   large OSS such as the Linux kernel. Therefore, automating this process   is urgently needed to save considerable time. Existing automated   approaches for backporting patches involve either automatic patch   generation or automatic patch migration. However, these methods are   often ineffective and error-prone since they failed to locate the   precise patch locations or generate the correct patch, operating only on   the syntactic level.   In this paper, we propose a patch type-sensitive approach to   automatically backport OSS security patches, guided by the patch type   and patch semantics. Specifically, our approach identifies patch   locations with the aid of program dependency graph-based matching at the   semantic level. It further applies fine-grained patch migration and   fine-tuning based on patch types. We have implemented our approach in a   tool named TSBPORT and evaluated it on a large-scale dataset consisting   of 1,815 pairs of real-world security patches for the Linux kernel. The   evaluation results show that TSBPORT successfully backported 1,589   (87.59\\%) patches, out of which 587 (32.34\\%) could not be backported by   any state-of-the-art approaches, significantly outperforming   state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, experiments also show that   TSBPORT can be generalized to backport patches in other OSS projects   with a success rate of 88.18\\%.",10.1145/3576915.3623188
1883,Article,Evaluating the Properties of Native and Modified Milkweed Floss for   Applications as a Reinforcing Fiber,"The use of natural fibers is a sustainable alternative for developing   reinforced-polymer composites. It is believed that the seed flosses of   common milkweed, Asclepias Syriraca, may be a promising reinforcing   fiber given its uncommon hollow microstructure that is associated with   both high specific properties and outstanding insulating capacities.   This study presents an overview of the properties of milkweed floss and   its potential use in reinforced-polymer composites. Milkweed flosses   from Quebec were analyzed to determine their overall dimensions,   density, porosity, coefficient of acoustic absorption, thermal   conductivity, thermal resistance, and elastic modulus. In parallel, a   portion of milkweed fibers was treated with acetone to modify their   surface, and the properties of the treated fibers were measured and   compared against the characteristics of the original fibers. Infrared   spectroscopy was employed to assess differences between the chemical   groups on the surface of treated and native fibers. The treatment with   acetone removed fatty acids, waxes, and free sugars from the fibers'   surface. The acetone treatment did not affect the fibers' microstructure   nor their acoustic absorption capacity. The acetone-treated fibers   showed greater thermal resistance and a higher thermal conductivity than   native milkweed floss. The elastic modulus of milkweed decreased by   nearly 49\\% after the acetone treatment.",10.1080/15440478.2023.2174630
1884,Article,Examining Users' Contribution in Open Source Software Communities,"Open source software (OSS) communities rely on the high-quality codes   contributed by community members. However, users often tend to acquire   codes from the community and are reluctant to contribute their   knowledge. Integrating the motivational theory and social capital   theory, this article intends to explore users' contribution in OSS   communities. A mixed method of SEM and fsQCA was used to perform data   analysis. We found that intrinsic motivations (flow experience and   self-efficacy), extrinsic motivations (perceived reputation and   reciprocity), social interaction ties, community identification, and   common language positively affect users' contribution intention. Trust   has no effect on the contribution intention. The fsQCA results indicated   that flow experience, perceived reputation, reciprocity and trust are   the common core conditions of four configurations leading to   contribution intention. The results suggest that OSS communities need to   be concerned with users' motivations and develop social capital in order   to encourage their contribution.",10.1080/08874417.2022.2155268
1886,InProceedings,Exploring Moral Principles Exhibited in OSS: A Case Study on GitHub   Heated Issues,"To foster collaboration and inclusivity in Open Source Software (OSS)   projects, it is crucial to understand and detect patterns of toxic   language that may drive contributors away, especially those from   underrepresented communities. Although machine learning-based toxicity   detection tools trained on domain-specific data have shown promise,   their design lacks an understanding of the unique nature and triggers of   toxicity in OSS discussions, highlighting the need for further   investigation. In this study, we employ Moral Foundations Theory to   examine the relationship between moral principles and toxicity in OSS.   Specifically, we analyze toxic communications in GitHub issue threads to   identify and understand five types of moral principles exhibited in   text, and explore their potential association with toxic behavior. Our   preliminary findings suggest a possible link between moral principles   and toxic comments in OSS communications, with each moral principle   associated with at least one type of toxicity. The potential of MFT in   toxicity detection warrants further investigation.",10.1145/3611643.3613077
1888,Article,FOSS-Based Method for Thin-Walled Structure Deformation Perception and   Shape Reconstruction,"To improve the accuracy of deformation perception and shape   reconstruction of flexible thin-walled structures, this paper proposes a   method based on the combination of FOSS (fiber optic sensor system) and   machine learning. In this method, the sample collection of strain   measurement and deformation change at each measuring point of the   flexible thin-walled structure was completed by ANSYS finite element   analysis. The outliers were removed by the OCSVM (one-class support   vector machine) model, and the unique mapping relationship between the   strain value and the deformation variables (three directions of x-, y-,   and z-axis) at each point was completed by a neural-network model. The   test results show that the maximum error of the measuring point in the   direction of the three coordinate axes: the x-axis is 2.01\\%, the y-axis   is 29.49\\%, and the z-axis is 15.52\\%. The error of the coordinates in   the y and z directions was large, and the deformation variables were   small, the reconstructed shape had good consistency with the deformation   state of the specimen under the existing test environment. This method   provides a new idea with high accuracy for real-time monitoring and   shape reconstruction of flexible thin-walled structures such as wings,   helicopter blades, and solar panels.",10.3390/mi14040794
1889,Article,Finding Ideal Parameters for Recycled Material Fused Particle   Fabrication-Based 3D Printing Using an Open Source Software   Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization,"As additive manufacturing rapidly expands the number of materials   including waste plastics and composites, there is an urgent need to   reduce the experimental time needed to identify optimized printing   parameters for novel materials. Computational intelligence (CI) in   general and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in particular   have been shown to accelerate finding optimal printing parameters.   Unfortunately, the implementation of CI has been prohibitively complex   for noncomputer scientists. To overcome these limitations, this article   develops, tests, and validates PSO Experimenter, an easy-to-use   open-source platform based around the PSO algorithm and applies it to   optimizing recycled materials. Specifically, PSO Experimenter is used to   find optimal printing parameters for a relatively unexplored potential   distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) material that is   widely available: low-density polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE has been used to   make filament, but in this study for the first time it was used in the   open source fused particle fabrication/fused granular fabrication   system. PSO Experimenter successfully identified functional printing   parameters for this challenging-to-print waste plastic. The results   indicate that PSO Experimenter can provide 97\\% reduction in research   time for 3D printing parameter optimization. It is concluded that the   PSO Experimenter is a user-friendly and effective free software for   finding ideal parameters for the burgeoning challenge of DRAM as well as   a wide range of other fields and processes.",10.1089/3dp.2022.0012
1890,Article,Forward Electromagnetic Induction Modelling in a Multilayered   Half-Space: An Open-Source Software Tool,"Electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques are widely used in   geophysical surveying. Their success is mainly due to their easy and   fast data acquisition, but the effectiveness of data inversion is   strongly influenced by the quality of sensed data, resulting from   suiting the device configuration to the physical features of the survey   site. Forward modelling is an essential tool to optimize this aspect and   design a successful surveying campaign. In this paper, a new software   tool for forward EMI modelling is introduced. It extends and complements   an existing open-source package for EMI data inversion, and includes an   interactive graphical user interface. Its use is explained by a   theoretical introduction and demonstrated through a simulated case   study. The nonlinear data inversion issue is briefly discussed and the   inversion module of the package is extended by a new regularized   minimal-norm algorithm.",10.3390/rs15071772
1891,Article,Framework for Identification of Critical Factors for Open Source   Software Adoption Decision in Mission-Critical IT Infrastructure   Services,"Mission-critical IT systems are utilizing closed source software (CSS)   mainly due to reasons related to ``quality assurance{''} and ``continued   support{''} despite much better benefits of using Open Source Software   (OSS). OSS permits users to access source code for assessment,   amendment, and redistribution, which offers low dependency on a vendor   without license or maintenance cost. This paper investigates and   analyzes OSS adoption factors for ``critical IT infrastructure{''} by   conducting a comprehensive review of the relevant literature.   Furthermore, this paper proposes a framework that can help the critical   IT industry to have increased confidence in OSS. The proposed framework   utilizes the organizing logic of the Technology, Organization, and   Environment (TOE) framework, recommends factors that were recognized by   critically scrutinizing the studies found in the available literature.   To validate the framework, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted   targeting IT experts in critical sectors. The data integrity of survey   results was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. Framework factors were   validated statistically using one sample T-test. The outcome indicated   that the factors were statistically significant as the p-value was less   than 0.05 for all the factors.",10.1080/03772063.2021.1994036
1892,InProceedings,Free and Open Source Software: A Brief History,"This paper provides historical background for a tutorial on open source   for information systems, identifying some of the most significant   developments that have led to the widespread adoption and use of free   and open source software across a broad range of applications in   academia, industry, and government.",NA
1893,Article,"Free and open-source software for object detection, size, and colour   determination for use in plant phenotyping","BackgroundObject detection, size determination, and colour detection of   images are tools commonly used in plant science. Key examples of this   include identification of ripening stages of fruit such as tomatoes and   the determination of chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant   health. While methods exist for determining these important phenotypes,   they often require proprietary software or require coding knowledge to   adapt existing code.ResultsWe provide a set of free and open-source   Python scripts that, without any adaptation, are able to perform   background correction and colour correction on images using a   ColourChecker chart. Further scripts identify objects, use an object of   known size to calibrate for size, and extract the average colour of   objects in RGB, Lab, and YUV colour spaces. We use two examples to   demonstrate the use of these scripts. We show the consistency of these   scripts by imaging in four different lighting conditions, and then we   use two examples to show how the scripts can be used. In the first   example, we estimate the lycopene content in tomatoes (Solanum   lycopersicum) var. Tiny Tim using fruit images and an exponential model   to predict lycopene content. We demonstrate that three different cameras   (a DSLR camera and two separate mobile phones) are all able to model   lycopene content. The models that predict lycopene or chlorophyll need   to be adjusted depending on the camera used. In the second example, we   estimate the chlorophyll content of basil (Ocimum basilicum) using leaf   images and an exponential model to predict chlorophyll   content.ConclusionA fast, cheap, non-destructive, and inexpensive method   is provided for the determination of the size and colour of plant   materials using a rig consisting of a lightbox, camera, and colour   checker card and using free and open-source scripts that run in Python   3.8. This method accurately predicted the lycopene content in tomato   fruit and the chlorophyll content in basil leaves.",10.1186/s13007-023-01103-0
1894,InProceedings,GitHub OSS Governance File Dataset,"Open-source Software (OSS) has become a valuable resource in both   industry and academia over the last few decades. Despite the innovative   structures they develop to support the projects, OSS projects and their   communities have complex needs and face risks such as getting abandoned.   To manage the internal social dynamics and community evolution, OSS   developer communities have started relying on written governance   documents that assign roles and responsibilities to different community   actors.   To facilitate the study of the impact and effectiveness of formal   governance documents on OSS projects and communities, we present a   longitudinal dataset of 710 GitHub-hosted OSS projects with   GOVERNANCE.MD governance files. This dataset includes all commits made   to the repository, all issues and comments created on GitHub, and all   revisions made to the governance file. We hope its availability will   foster more research interest in studying how OSS communities govern   their projects and the impact of governance files on communities.",10.1109/MSR59073.2023.00089
1895,InProceedings,Gradient flossing: improving gradient descent through dynamic control of jacobians,"Training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) remains a challenge due to the instability of gradients across long time horizons, which can lead to exploding and vanishing gradients. Recent research has linked these problems to the values of Lyapunov exponents for the forward-dynamics, which describe the growth or shrinkage of infinitesimal perturbations. Here, we propose gradient flossing, a novel approach to tackling gradient instability by pushing Lyapunov exponents of the forward dynamics toward zero during learning. We achieve this by regularizing Lyapunov exponents through backpropagation using differentiable linear algebra. This enables us to ""floss"" the gradients, stabilizing them and thus improving network training. We demonstrate that gradient flossing controls not only the gradient norm but also the condition number of the long-term Jacobian, facilitating multidimensional error feedback propagation. We find that applying gradient flossing prior to training enhances both the success rate and convergence speed for tasks involving long time horizons. For challenging tasks, we show that gradient flossing during training can further increase the time horizon that can be bridged by backpropagation through time. Moreover, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on various RNN architectures and tasks of variable temporal complexity. Additionally, we provide a simple implementation of our gradient flossing algorithm that can be used in practice. Our results indicate that gradient flossing via regularizing Lyapunov exponents can significantly enhance the effectiveness of RNN training and mitigate the exploding and vanishing gradients problem.",NA
1896,Article,HEATT©. A free software for thermal design of liquid flows inside pipes,"The main goal of this work is to present the new web platform for   numerical simulation of thermal flow in fluids with a laminar regime   that runs inside pipes HEATT (c) (Thermal Analysis and Evaluation Tool   for Pipes, in Spanish: Herramienta de Evaluaci ` on y An ` alisis Te `   rmico en Tuberias) to the international scientific and professional   technical and teaching community. It consists of free software based on   the Network Simulation Method (NSM) available internationally and   financed by the 2021 call for Proofs of Concept of the Seneca   FoundationAgency for Science and Technology of the Region of Murcia   (Spain). It is aimed at fill the existing gap between the widely known   existing large and expensive software, and small professionals, SMEs and   researchers with few resources to perform complex thermal behavior   calculations. The platform has been extensively tested by comparison   with both experimental and bibliographic data. The conclusions have been   published in this and previous papers.",10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100983
1897,Article,Hierarchical and Hybrid Organizational Structures in Open-source   Software Projects: A Longitudinal Study,"Despite the absence of a formal process and a central   command-and-control structure, developer organization in open-source   software (OSS) projects are far from being a purely random process.   Prior work indicates that, over time, highly successful OSS projects   develop a hybrid organizational structure that comprises a hierarchical   part and a non-hierarchical part. This suggests that hierarchical   organization is not necessarily a global organizing principle and that a   fundamentally different principle is at play below the lowest positions   in the hierarchy. Given the vast proportion of developers are in the   non-hierarchical part, we seek to understand the interplay between these   two fundamentally differently organized groups, how this hybrid   structure evolves, and the trajectory individual developers take through   these structures over the course of their participation. We conducted a   longitudinal study of the full histories of 20 popular OSS projects,   modeling their organizational structures as networks of developers   connected by communication ties and characterizing developers' positions   in terms of hierarchical (sub)structures in these networks. We observed   a number of notable trends and patterns in the subject projects: (1)   hierarchy is a pervasive structural feature of developer networks of OSS   projects; (2) OSS projects tend to form hybrid organizational   structures, consisting of a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical part;   and (3) the positional trajectory of a developer starts loosely   connected in the non-hierarchical part and then tightly integrate into   the hierarchical part, which is associated with the acquisition of   experience (tenure), in addition to coordination and coding activities.   Our study (a) provides a methodological basis for further investigations   of hierarchy formation, (b) suggests a number of hypotheses on prevalent   organizational patterns and trends in OSS projects to be addressed in   further work, and (c) may ultimately guide the governance of   organizational structures.",10.1145/3569949
1900,Article,How do different stakeholder groups within an open source software   project influence the project's development: a case study of   OpenSimulator,"PurposeThis research investigates how the value creation interests and   activities of different stakeholder groups within one open source   software (OSS) project influence the project's development over   time.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study of   OpenSimulator using textual and thematic analyses of the initial four   years of OpenSimulator developer mailing list to identify each   stakeholder group and guide our analysis of their interests and value   creation activities over time.FindingsThe analysis revealed that while   each stakeholder group was active within the OSS project's development,   the different groups possessed complementary interests that enabled the   project to evolve. In the formative period, entrepreneurs were   interested in the software's strategic direction in the market,   academics and SMEs in software functionality and large firms and   hobbyists in software testing. Each group retained its primary interest   in the maturing period with academics and SMEs separating into server-   and client-side usability. The analysis shed light on how the different   stakeholder groups overcame tensions amongst themselves and took   specific actions to sustain the project.Originality/valueThe authors   extend stakeholder theory by reconceptualizing the focal organization   and its stakeholders for OSS projects. To date, OSS research has   primarily focused on examining one project relative to its marketplace.   Using stakeholder theory, we identified stakeholder groups within a   single OSS project to demonstrate their distinct interests and how these   interests influence their value creation activities over time.   Collectively, these interests enable the project's long-term   development.",10.1108/ITP-10-2021-0751
1904,Article,"INTERPRETIVE TRAIL USING FREE SOFTWARE, FOR THE TEACHING OF ECOSYSTEMS   IN NATURAL SCIENCES","Currently, education has undergone great changes by going from   face-to-face to virtual, due to the pandemic, this has meant an   accelerated process and the evolution of pedagogy, which requires a   change in the traditional model of teaching to a modern one, using   technology as a tool that facilitates the teaching processes for   meaningful learning in students, especially in the teaching of   ecosys-tems in the subject of Natural Sciences. The research is part of   the Cayambe Educational Unit, with the students of the two parallels of   the tenth year of basic general edu-cation and teachers of the Natural   Sciences area, with the main objective of implementing a virtual   learning environ-ment (EVA) for the teaching of ecosystems in the area   of Natural Sciences in the tenth year students, through an environmental   interpretive path with free software, we wor-ked in coordination with   the campus authorities to carry out the investigative process. Among the   findings, it was evidenced that the traditional model continues to   prevail despite the fact that there is a national curriculum with a   constructivist approach and currently the stage of con-nectivity   requires a constant search for new strategies using ICT for teaching,   under this approach an educatio-nal resource was developed in Artsteps   to overcome and improve understanding of ecosystems in Ecuador.",NA
1906,InProceedings,Identifying Emergent Leadership in Open Source Software Projects Based   on Communication Styles,"In open source software (OSS) communities, existing leadership   indicators are dominantly measured by code contribution or community   influence. Recent studies on emergent leadership shed light on   additional dimensions such as intellectual stimulation in collaborative   communications. This paper aims to mine communication styles and   identify emergent leadership behaviors in OSS communities, using issue   comments data. We start with the construction of 6 categories of   leadership behaviors based on existing leadership studies. Then, we   manually label leadership behaviors in 10,000 issue comments from 10 OSS   projects, and extract 304 heuristic linguistic patterns which represent   different types of emergent leadership behaviors in flexible and concise   manners. Next, an automated algorithm is developed to merge and   consolidate different pattern sets extracted from multiple projects into   a final pattern ranking list, which can be applied for the automatic   leadership identification. The evaluation results show that iLead can   achieve a median precision of 0.82 and recall of 0.78, outperforming ten   machine/deep learning baselines. We argue that emergent leadership   behaviors in issue discussion should be taken into consideration to   broaden existing OSS leadership viewpoints.",10.1109/SANER56733.2023.00017
1907,Article,Identifying refactoring opportunities for large packages by analyzing   maintainability characteristics in Java OSS,"The source code of a Java-based software system is often structured into   packages. When packages are large, they often carry maintainability   quality issues. In the literature, there is a lack of empirical evidence   on the specific maintainability issues that occur when packages become   too large. Our study fills this gap by performing relationship analysis   of package size with respect to internal maintainability characteristics   (coupling, cohesion, and complexity) using package-level metrics   collected from 111 open-source Java projects provided in Qualitas   Corpus. Our results show significantly higher main-tainability issues in   large packages as indicated by the maintainability metrics. We also   report strong relationships of package size with cohesion (represented   by the number of connected components in a package) and complexity   (measured by the number of internal relationships in a package). Based   on these strong associations with package size, we show that these   cohesion and complexity metrics can be used to identify large package   refactoring opportunities. Furthermore, we also discuss why some   maintainability metrics (e.g., coupling metrics) may not be useful for   refactoring large packages.Editor's note: Open Science material was   validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.(c)   2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.jss.2023.111717
1908,Article,Identifying the quality characteristics of pork floss structure based on   deep learning framework,"Pork floss is a traditional Chinese food with a long history. Nowadays,   pork floss is known to consumers as a leisure food. It is made from pork   through a unique process in which the muscle fibers become flaky or   granular and tangled. In this study, a deep learning-based approach is   proposed to detect the quality characteristics of pork floss structure.   Describe that the experiments were conducted using widely recognized   brands of pork floss available in the grocery market, omitting the use   of abbreviations. A total of 8000 images of eight commercially available   pork flosses were collected and processed using sharpening, image gray   coloring, real-time shading correction, and binarization. After the   machine learning model learned the features of the pork floss, the   images were labeled using a manual mask. The coupling of residual   enhancement mask and region-based convolutional neural network   (CRE-MRCNN) based deep learning framework was used to segment the   images. The results showed that CRE-MRCNN could be used to identify the   knot features and pore features of different brands of pork floss to   evaluate their quality. The combined results of the models based on the   sensory tests and machine vision showed that the pork floss from TC was   the best, followed by YJJ, DD and HQ. This also shows the potential of   machine vision to help people recognize the quality characteristics of   pork floss structure.",10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100587
1909,Article,Impact of early palliative care on additional line of chemotherapy in   metastatic breast cancer patients: results from the randomized study OSS,"Purpose The most appropriate criteria and timing for palliative care   referral remain a critical issue, especially in patients with metastatic   breast cancer for whom long-term chemosensibility and survival are   observed. We aimed to compare the impact of early palliative care   including formal concertation with oncologists on decision for an   additional line of chemotherapy compared with usual oncology care.   Methods This randomized prospective study enrolled adult women with   metastatic breast cancer and visceral metastases with a 3rd- or 4th-line   chemotherapy (CT). Patients received usual oncology care with a   palliative care consultation only upon patient or oncologist request   (standard group, S) or were referred to systematic palliative care   consultation including a regular concertation between palliative care   team and oncologists (early palliative care group, EPC). The primary   endpoint was the rate of an additional CT (4th or 5th line) decision.   Quality of life, symptoms, social support and satisfaction were   self-evaluated at 6 and 12 months, at treatment discontinuation or 3   months after discontinuation. Results From January 2009 to November   2012, two authorized cancer centers included 98 women (EPC: 50; S: 48).   Thirty-seven (77.1\\%, 95\\%CI 62.7-88\\%) patients in the EPC group had a   subsequent chemotherapy prescribed and 36 (72.0\\%, 95\\%CI 57.5-83.8\\%)   in the S group (p = 0.646). No differences in symptom control and global   quality of life were observed, but less deterioration in physical   functioning was reported in EPC (EPC: 0 {[}- 53-40]; S: - 6; 7 {[}- 60   to - 20]; p = 0.027). Information exchange and communication were   significant improved in EPC (exchange, EPC: - 8.3 {[}- 30 to + 7]; S:   0.0 {[}- 17 to + 23]; p = 0.024; communication, EPC: 12.5 {[}- 8 to -   37]; S: 0.0 {[}- 21 to + 17]; p = 0.004). Conclusion EPC in metastatic   breast cancer patients did not impact the prescription rate of   additional chemotherapy in patients a 3rd- or 4th-line chemotherapy for   metastatic breast cancer; however, EPC may contribute to alleviate   deterioration in physical functioning, while facilitating communication.",10.1007/s00520-022-07561-x
1910,Article,Innovating beyond firm boundaries: resource deployment control in open   source software development,"Purpose In times of open and distributed innovation, many innovation   activities that are important for firms' products and services take   place beyond the boundaries of the firm and thus beyond firms' direct   control. A prime example for this phenomenon is open source software   (OSS) development, where multiple actors contribute to a public good,   which is also integrated into company-owned software products. Despite   the importance of aligning community work on the public good with own   in-house development efforts, firms have limited options to directly   control the OSS project or the project's outcome. This research reflects   on resource deployment control, a control mode in which firms assign own   developers to work for an OSS project to influence the OSS project, and   tests hypotheses on individual developer levels.   Design/methodology/approach This research tests the effect of perceived   resource deployment control on opinion leadership by analyzing employed   Linux kernel developers. Findings The findings show that developers who   perceive being assigned to an OSS project to enact control also exhibit   opinion leadership. This research also investigates boundary conditions   such as the OSS business model a firm operates and the reputation   developers assign to the developers' employer. Originality/value This   research is the first that is devoted to resource deployment control,   and the research closes with a discussion of implications for control   theory and the management of innovation beyond firm boundaries.",10.1108/ITP-08-2021-0624
1913,InProceedings,Interpersonal Trust in OSS: Exploring Dimensions of Trust in GitHub Pull   Requests,"Interpersonal trust plays a crucial role in facilitating collaborative   tasks, such as software development. While previous research recognizes   the significance of trust in an organizational setting, there is a lack   of understanding in how trust is exhibited in OSS distributed teams,   where there is an absence of direct, in-person communications. To foster   trust and collaboration in OSS teams, we need to understand what trust   is and how it is exhibited in written developer communications (e.g.,   pull requests, chats). In this paper, we first investigate various   dimensions of trust to identify the ways trusting behavior can be   observed in OSS. Next, we sample a set of 100 GitHub pull requests from   Apache Software Foundation (ASF) projects, to analyze and demonstrate   how each dimension of trust can be exhibited. Our findings provide   preliminary insights into cues that might be helpful to automatically   assess team dynamics and establish interpersonal trust in OSS teams,   leading to successful and sustainable OSS.",10.1109/ICSE-NIER58687.2023.00010
1917,InProceedings,Introduction to Videogame Development with Open-Source Software in GODOT,"Godot Engine is a prominent open-source videogame development platform   that has gained prominence in the industry. This development environment   offers creators the ability to design high-quality 2D and 3D games in an   accessible manner. Based on an open-source license, Godot Engine boasts   an active community of developers and stands out for its node-based and   scene-based architecture, robust physics system, rendering engine, and   multi-platform versatility. Additionally, it facilitates programming   through GDScript, a variant of Python. In summary, this article is a   brief guide to get to know Godot Engine, a powerful and accessible tool   for starting game development.",10.1109/CIMPS61323.2023.10528824
1918,Article,Large-Scale Identification and Analysis of Factors Impacting Simple Bug   Resolution Times in Open Source Software Repositories,"One of the most prominent issues the ever-growing open-source software   community faces is the abundance of buggy code. Well-established version   control systems and repository hosting services such as GitHub and Maven   provide a checks-and-balances structure to minimize the amount of buggy   code introduced. Although these platforms are effective in mitigating   the problem, it still remains. To further the efforts toward a more   effective and quicker response to bugs, we must understand the factors   that affect the time it takes to fix one. We apply a custom traversal   algorithm to commits made for open source repositories to determine when   ``simple stupid bugs{''} were first introduced to projects and explore   the factors that drive the time it takes to fix them. Using the commit   history from the main development branch, we are able to identify the   commit that first introduced 13 different types of simple stupid bugs in   617 of the top Java projects on GitHub. Leveraging a statistical   survival model and other non-parametric statistical tests, we found that   there were two main categories of categorical variables that affect a   bug's life; Time Factors and Author Factors. We find that bugs are fixed   quicker if they are introduced and resolved by the same developer.   Further, we discuss how the day of the week and time of day a buggy code   was written and fixed affects its resolution time. These findings will   provide vital insight to help the open-source community mitigate the   abundance of code and can be used in future research to aid in   bug-finding programs.",10.3390/app13053150
1920,InProceedings,Leveraging Corporate Engagement for Diversity in Free/Libre and Open   Source Software Projects,"In this workshop paper, we describe results from a mixed-methods study   of social diversity and corporate engagement in free/libre and open   source software (FLOSS) projects. We collected survey responses from   contributors to FLOSS development on GitHub to characterize perceptions   of social diversity and corporate involvement in projects. We   additionally analyzed data extracted from FLOSS projects hosted on   GitHub to investigate differences in diversity based on corporate   engagement levels. Our results suggest that organizational decisions may   be detrimental to both the expansion of a project's contributor base and   for increasing diversity across FLOSS ecosystems. However, as some   survey participants note in their responses, organizations subsidizing   FLOSS development have opportunities to increase access to and openness   of projects which would be beneficial for diversity. This research thus   serves to identify organizational factors and actions which harm and   help initiatives to improve inclusivity and equity in FLOSS development.",10.1109/GEICSE59319.2023.00010
1921,InProceedings,LiResolver: License Incompatibility Resolution for Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) licenses regulate the conditions under which   OSS can be legally reused, distributed, and modified. However, a common   issue arises when incorporating third-party OSS accompanied with   licenses, i.e., license incompatibility, which occurs when multiple   licenses exist in one project and there are conflicts between them.   Despite being problematic, fixing license incompatibility issues   requires substantial efforts due to the lack of license understanding   and complex package dependency. In this paper, we propose LiResolver, a   fine-grained, scalable, and flexible tool to resolve license   incompatibility issues for open source software. Specifically, it first   understands the semantics of licenses through fine-grained entity   extraction and relation extraction. Then, it detects and resolves   license incompatibility issues by recommending official licenses in   priority. When no official licenses can satisfy the constraints, it   generates a custom license as an alternative solution. Comprehensive   experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of LiResolver, with 4.09\\%   false positive (FP) rate and 0.02\\% false negative (FN) rate for   incompatibility issue localization, and 62.61\\% of 230 real-world   incompatible projects resolved by LiResolver. We discuss the feedback   from OSS developers and the lessons learned from this work. All the   datasets and the replication package of LiResolver have been made   publicly available to facilitate follow-up research.",10.1145/3597926.3598085
1923,InProceedings,LiSum: Open Source Software License Summarization with Multi-Task   Learning,"Open source software (OSS) licenses regulate the conditions under which   users can reuse, modify, and distribute the software legally. However,   there exist various OSS licenses in the community, written in a formal   language, which are typically long and complicated to understand. In   this paper, we conducted a 661-participants online survey to investigate   the perspectives and practices of developers towards OSS licenses. The   user study revealed an indeed need for an automated tool to facilitate   license understanding. Motivated by the user study and the fast growth   of licenses in the community, we propose the first study towards   automated license summarization. Specifically, we released the first   high quality text summarization dataset and designed two tasks, i.e.,   license text summarization (LTS), aiming at generating a relatively   short summary for an arbitrary license, and license term classification   (LTC), focusing on the attitude inference towards a predefined set of   key license terms (e.g., Distribute). Aiming at the two tasks, we   present LiSum, a multi-task learning method to help developers overcome   the obstacles of understanding OSS licenses. Comprehensive experiments   demonstrated that the proposed jointly training objective boosted the   performance on both tasks, surpassing state-of-the-art baselines with   gains of at least 5 points w.r.t. F1 scores of four summarization   metrics and achieving 95.13\\% micro average F1 score for classification   simultaneously. We released all the datasets, the replication package,   and the questionnaires for the community.",10.1109/ASE56229.2023.00150
1924,Article,Libkrylov: A modular open-source software library for extremely large   on-the-fly matrix computations,"We present the design and implementation of libkrylov, an open-source   library for solving matrix-free eigenvalue, linear, and shifted linear   equations using Krylov subspace methods. The primary objectives of   libkrylov are flexible API design and modular structure, which enables   integration with specialized matrix-vector evaluation ``engines. ``   Libkrylov features pluggable preconditioning, orthonormalization, and   tunable convergence control. Diagonal (conjugate gradient, CG),   Davidson, and Jacobi-Davidson preconditioners are available, along with   orthonormal and nonorthonormal (nKs) schemes. All functionality of   libkrylov is exposed via Fortran and C application programming   interfaces (APIs). We illustrate the performance of libkrylov for   eigenvalue calculations arising in time-dependent density functional   theory (TDDFT) in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and discuss the   convergence behavior as a function of preconditioning and   orthonormalization methods.",10.1002/jcc.27068
1925,InProceedings,LicenseRec: Knowledge Based Open Source License Recommendation for OSS Projects,"Open Source license is a prerequisite for open source software, which regulates the use, modification, redistribution, and attribution of the software. Open source license is crucial to the community development and commercial interests of an OSS project, yet choosing a proper license from hundreds of licenses remains challenging. Tools assisting developers to understand the terms and pick the right license have been emerging, while inferring license compatibility on the dependency tree and satisfying the complex needs of developers are beyond the capability of most of them. Thus we propose LicenseRec, an open source license recommendation tool that helps to bridge the gap. LicenseRec performs fine-grained license compatibility checks on OSS projects' code and dependencies, and assists developers to choose the optimal license through an interactive wizard with guidelines of three aspects: personal open source style, business pattern, and community development. The usefulness of LicenseRec is confirmed by the consistent positive feedback from 10 software developers with academic and industrial backgrounds. Our tool is accessible at https://licenserec.com and a video showcasing the tool is available at https://video.licenserec.com.",10.1109/ICSE-Companion58688.2023.00050
1927,Article,Locking {Down} {Secure} {Open} {Source} {Software},"Panic rippled through the cybersecurity world in early Dec 2021 as word spread about a newly discovered vulnerability in a piece of open source software used by millions. A string of code called Log4J, which instructs programs written in Java to create a record of program activity, would allow attackers to insert malicious code into programs. The flaw led to risks in software used by government agencies, Web service providers such as Amazon Web Services and Apple iCloud, and even video games such as Minecraft. The Log4J issue earned a rare rating of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, signaling the highest level of risk, and cybersecurity experts warned the effects could be felt for years until every affected program can be secured. It focused attention on the need to ensure the safety of open source software, which exists in most of the devices and applications used by individuals, corporations, governments, and utilities.",10.1145/3586584
1928,Article,LocoBox: Modular Hardware and Open-Source Software for Circadian   Entrainment and Behavioral Monitoring in Home Cages,"Day-night locomotor activities are the most readily observed outputs of   the circadian (similar to 24-h period) clock in many animals. Temporal   patterns of the light-dark schedule serve as input to the clock. While   circadian activity patterns under various lighting conditions have been   observed and documented, the full extent of circadian locomotor   activities by genotype and entrainment remains uncharacterized. To   facilitate large-scale, parallel cataloging of circadian input-output   patterns, we created the LocoBox, an easy-to-construct and   easy-to-operate system that can control environmental light with   flexible entrainment scenarios combined with the T-cycle and measure   locomotor activities in individual home cages. The LocoBox is made using   economical, common components, and normal breeding cages can be used for   long-term recording. We provide details of the components and   blueprints, along with software programs for Arduino and a Python-based   graphical user interface (GUI), so that the system can be easily   replicated in other laboratories.",10.3390/s23239469
1929,Article,METHODS: A meta-path-based method for heterogeneous community detection   in the open source software ecosystem,"Detecting communities in the open source software (OSS) ecosystem can   help understand the collaborations in the open source software ecosystem   and promote an understanding of the dynamics of the ecosystem. However,   most existing community detection methods are designed for homogeneous   networks, whereas the OSS ecosystem is a heterogeneous network.   Therefore, we propose a meta-path-based method for heterogeneous   community detection in the OSS ecosystem (METHODS). METHODS comprises   four steps. Firstly, a heterogeneous information network is constructed   based on meta-paths. Secondly, the Canopy algorithm is used to obtain   the number of initial communities. Thirdly, the skip-gram model is used   to identify seed nodes for community detection. Finally, METHODS detects   heterogeneous communities around the seed nodes. By defining a series of   evaluation metrics and verifying these on GitHub datasets, METHODS   achieves the best performance of all the other methods. Moreover, the   case studies on GitHub also shows METHODS can discover latent   communities whose members are potentially relevant.",10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107271
1930,Article,Mandibular asymmetry retreatment with minimal presurgical orthodontic   preparation and fully customized lingual orthodontics: A case report   with new possibilities using blender open-source software,"New possibilities such as Surgery-first and Minimal Presurgical   Orthodontics have become extra alternatives for patients, orthodontists,   and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, with immediate facial improvements,   reduced preparation time, and shorter treatment time. The purpose of   this case report was to demonstrate the retreatment of a female patient,   dissatisfied with the instability of the compensatory orthodontic   treatment, chin deviation, and forward inclination of the maxillary   incisors, which was successfully treated with Minimal Presurgical   Orthodontic approach associated with customized lingual brackets and   virtual planning on the open-source Blender 3D software, where the   post-surgical maxillary lingual brackets were also designed. Orthodontic   preparation was performed in 5 months. After surgery, orthodontic   treatment was finished with the aid of mini-implants and miniplates. The   total treatment time was 18 months. Great facial and occlusal results   were obtained and the patient was satisfied. Overall, all treatment   steps were performed following a digital workflow and open-source   software. It is possible to conclude that Minimal Presurgical   Orthodontic Preparation was an excellent alternative for the retreatment   of this patient with mandibular asymmetry and increased treatment   expectations. Additionally, the surgical planning and design of lingual   braces with open-source software can be considered useful and low-cost   alternatives for orthodontists.",10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100724
1931,Article,Matching terms of quality models and meta-models: toward a unified   meta-model of OSS quality,"ContextIn the last two decades, open-source software (OSS) has gained   increasing attention due to its voluntary supporters, growing community,   and ease of accessibility in cloud repositories. Standardization in OSS   quality is of vital importance as a communication vehicle for   stakeholders in identifying and selecting high-quality products. Thus,   meta-models help to define a standardized language and enable to propose   quality models that can be used to perform comparable   measurements.Objective Considering the lack of a comprehensive   meta-model of OSS quality in the literature, there appears a need to see   a more complete picture of OSS quality and to represent its concepts   more formally. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to develop a solid   base for a comprehensive meta-model of OSS quality to create a common   understanding among stakeholders.Method A systematic way has been   followed toward developing a common structure, defining a consistent   terminology and, finally, providing a meta-model of OSS quality. In this   context, (1) the common structure of the quality models for OSS has been   investigated, (2) the terms of the general-purpose meta-models of   software quality have been analyzed based on the international   standards, and (3) the terms of the quality models for OSS have been   mapped with the elements of these meta-models.Results An initial   meta-model of OSS quality, which employs a unified structure from the   OSS quality models and eliminates the inconsistencies determined in the   general-purpose meta-models of software quality, has been proposed and   an implementation of this meta-model has been demonstrated.Conclusion   This initial meta-model of OSS quality with a standard terminology can   be taken as a guide by researchers who will propose or revise their OSS   quality models. It will allow developing multiple OSS quality models   with homogenous structure and terms, and also enable comparing the   evaluation results obtained by these models.",10.1007/s11219-022-09603-3
1933,Article,Mental Health Information Reporting Assistant (MHIRA)-an open-source   software facilitating evidence-based assessment for clinical services,"Evidence-based assessment (EBA) in mental health is a critical aspect of   improving patient outcomes and addressing the gaps in mental health   care. EBA involves the use of psychometric instruments to gather data   that can inform clinical decision-making, inform policymakers, and serve   as a basis for research and quality management. Despite its potential,   EBA is often hindered by barriers such as workload and cost, leading to   its underutilization. Regarding low- and middle-income countries (LMIC),   the implementation of EBA is recognized as a key strategy to address and   close the prevalent mental health treatment gap.To simplify the   application of EBA including in LMIC, an international team of   researchers and practitioners from Tanzania, Kosovo, Chile, and   Switzerland developed the Mental Health Information Reporting Assistant   (MHIRA). MHIRA is an open-source electronic health record that   streamlines EBA by digitising psychometric instruments and organising   patient data in a user-friendly manner. It provides immediate and   convenient reports to inform clinical decision-making.The current   article provides a comprehensive overview of the features and technical   details of MHIRA, as well as insights from four implementation   scenarios. The experience gained during the implementations as well as   the user-feedback suggests that MHIRA has the potential to be   successfully implemented in a variety of clinical contexts and simplify   the use of EBA. However, further research is necessary to establish its   potential to sustainably transform healthcare services and impact   patient outcomes.In conclusion, MHIRA represents an important step in   promoting the widespread adoption of EBA in mental health. It offers a   promising solution to the barriers that have limited the use of EBA in   the past and holds the potential to improve patient outcomes and support   the ongoing efforts to address gaps in mental health care.",10.1186/s12888-023-05201-0
1934,Article,Mission-critical open-source software adoption model validation using   Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling,"This paper aims to validate the mission-critical OSS (open-source   software) model acceptance process using a third-order   formative-formative measuring model. A two-stage formative-formative   model was used for partial least square analysis. It includes eight   primary mission-critical OSS adoption constructs and three second-order   (technological, organizational, and environmental). Although nomological   validity was affirmed, the empirical findings show the absence of   multicollinearity. This study will give organizations in critical   industries enough information to understand the importance and weight of   each component/factor of the mission-critical OSS adoption model. The   coefficient of determination R-2 exceeds the minimum threshold (0.750),   and all the hypotheses are significant. This study also contributed to   the existing literature by identifying those factors that influence   mission-critical OSS adoption, allowing firms in critical sectors to   better understand their mission-critical OSS adoption issues.   Cross-cultural validation across a broad community is proposed to   increase the validity and generalization of the sample scales.",10.1002/smr.2514
1935,Article,NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND DIFFUSER VANE SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF A RADIAL   COMPRESSOR WITH THE OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE SU2,"In recent years, the usage of open -source computational fluid dynamics   tools is on a rise both in industry and academia. SU2 is one of these   open -source tools. Unlike other open -source alternatives, SU2 is   equipped with boundary condition types, solvers and methods that are   especially developed for the analysis and design of turbomachinery. The   aim of this work is to explore and investigate the capabilities of SU2   in the prediction of performance parameters of radial compressors. Two   different single stage shrouded compressor geometries, one with a   vaneless diffuser and the other with a vaned diffuser have been   investigated with steady state CFD. The compressors were designed by MAN   Energy Solutions Schweiz AG. Computational results with SU2 showed a   satisfactory agreement with both the experimental data and reference CFD   solutions obtained with Fidelity Flow, which is formerly known as Numeca   Fine TURBO. Only at the relatively higher mass flow rates the difference   between references and SU2 were higher compared to other operating   points. After performance parameters were successfully calculated with   SU2, the optimization tools that come with SU2 were also used. A 2D   adjoint optimization study on the vane of the vaned diffuser was carried   out. The study was carried out at a single operating point that is close   to choke conditions. The loss generated by the large separated flow   region at the suction side of the diffuser vane was reduced by 0.55 \\%   in the optimized geometry using minimal modifications on the existing   vane geometry to keep the performance of the compressor intact at other   operating points. However, the resulting modification increased the   total pressure loss by 0.86 \\% at one of the design operating points.   This performance penalty could be due to the discontinuity in the vane   geometry generated by the optimizer. Overall, the study shows that SU2   has the basic numerical schemes and models that are required for the   analysis of radial turbomachinery flows and geometry optimization.",10.47480/isibted.1391729
1936,Article,"Nip it in the Bud"": Moderation Strategies in Open Source Software Projects and the Role of Bots","Much of our modern digital infrastructure relies critically upon open sourced software. The communities responsible for building this cyberinfrastructure require maintenance and moderation, which is often supported by volunteer efforts. Moderation, as a non-technical form of labor, is a necessary but often overlooked task that maintainers undertake to sustain the community around an OSS project. This study examines the various structures and norms that support community moderation, describes the strategies moderators use to mitigate conflicts, and assesses how bots can play a role in assisting these processes. We interviewed 14 practitioners to uncover existing moderation practices and ways that automation can provide assistance. Our main contributions include a characterization of moderated content in OSS projects, moderation techniques, as well as perceptions of and recommendations for improving the automation of moderation tasks. We hope that these findings will inform the implementation of more effective moderation practices in open source communities.",10.1145/3610092
1938,Article,Novel Multi-Perspective Usability Evaluation Framework for Selection of   Open Source Software Based on BWM and Group VIKOR Techniques,"Increasing demand for open-source software (OSS) has raised the value of   efficient selection in terms of quality; usability is an essential   quality factor that significantly affects system acceptability and   sustainability. Most large and complex software packages partitioned   across multiple portals and involve many users - each with their role in   the software package; those users have different perspectives on the   software package, defined by their knowledge, responsibilities, and   commitments. Thus, a multi-perspective approach has been used in   usability evaluation to overcome the challenge of inconsistency between   users' perspectives; the inconsistency challenge would lead to an   ill-advised decision on the selection of a suitable OSS. This study   aimed to assist the public and private organizations in evaluating and   selecting the most suitable OSS. The evaluation of the OSS software   packages to choose the best one is a challenging task owing to (a)   multiple evaluation criteria, (b) criteria importance, and (c) data   variation; thus, it is considered a sophisticated multi-criteria   decision making (MCDM) problem; moreover, the multi-perspective   usability evaluation framework for OSS selection lacks in the current   literature. Hence, this study proposes a novel multi-perspective   usability evaluation framework for the selection of OSS based on the   multi-criteria analysis. Integration of best-worst method (BWM) and   VIKOR MCDM techniques has been used for weighting and ranking OSS   alternatives. BWM is utilized for weighting of evaluation criteria,   whereas VIKOR is applied to rank OSS-LMS alternatives. Individual and   group decision-making contexts, and the internal and external groups   aggregation were used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed   framework. A well-organized algorithmic procedure is presented in   detail, and a case study was examined to illustrate the validity and   feasibility of the proposed framework. The results demonstrated that BWM   and VIKOR integration works effectively to solve the OSS software   package benchmarking/selection problems. Furthermore, the ranks of OSS   software packages obtained from the VIKOR internal and external group   decision making were similar; the best OSS-LMS based on the two ways was   `Moodle' software package. Among the scores of groups in the objective   validation, significant differences were identified; this indicated that   the ranking results of internal and external VIKOR group decision making   were valid, which pointed to the validation of the framework.",10.1142/S0219622021500139
1940,InProceedings,Numerical Simulation of&nbsp;Propeller Hydrodynamics Using the&nbsp;Open Source&nbsp;Software,"The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the propeller Ka4-70 using the actuator line model in the OpenFOAM, AMReX and Nek5000 open-source software. The modifications of the tools for wind farm simulation for these packages are carried out. Features of these implementation are described. For numerical calculations the LES and IDDES turbulence models are used. A comparison of the computational costs and accuracy of flow structures are made for the actuator line model using different methods and the arbitrary mesh interface approach. The actuator line model provides force characteristics and flow structures with good enough accuracy.",10.1007/978-3-031-36030-5_23
1941,InProceedings,Numerical Simulation of&nbsp;Supersonic Jet Noise Using Open Source Software,"The paper is devoted to the study of various numerical algorithms for calculating the flow and acoustics characteristics of supersonic jets implemented in open source software. The ideally expanded supersonic jet with parameters ,  is considered. A comparison of various approaches implemented in the OpenFOAM and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement framework of AMReX is conducted. Numerical algorithms for compressible gas flow implemented in pimpleCentralFoam, QGDFoam and CNS solvers are considered. Acoustic noise are calculated using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings analogy implemented in the libAcoustics library. Cross-validation comparison of the flow fields and acoustic characteristics is carried out.",10.1007/978-3-031-36030-5_24
1942,InProceedings,OSS Unsung Heroes: Crafting Productive Communities Invisibly,NA,10.1109/VL-HCC57772.2023.00060
1943,Article,Off to a Good Start: Dynamic Contribution Patterns and Technical Success   in an OSS Newcomer's Early Career,"Attracting and retaining newcomers are critical aspects for OSS   projects, as such projects rely on newcomers' sustainable contributions.   Considerable effort has been made to help newcomers by identifying and   overcoming the barriers during the onboarding process. However, most   newcomers eventually fail and drop out of their projects even after   successful onboarding. Meanwhile, it has been long known that   individuals' early career stages profoundly impact their long-term   career success. However, newcomers' early careers are less investigated   in SE research. In this paper, we sought to develop an empirical   understanding of the relationships between newcomers' dynamic   contribution patterns in their early careers and their technical   success. To achieve this goal, we compiled a dataset of newcomers'   contribution data from 54 large OSS projects under three different   ecosystems and analyzed it with time series analysis and other   statistical analysis techniques. Our analyses yield rich findings. The   correlations between several contribution patterns and technical success   were identified. In general, being consistent and persistent in   newcomers' early careers is positively associated with their technical   success. While these correlations generally hold in all three   ecosystems, we observed some differences in detailed contribution   patterns correlated with technical success across ecosystems. In   addition, we performed a case study to investigate whether another type   of contributions, i.e., documentation contribution, could potentially   have positive correlations with newcomers' technical success. We   discussed the implications and summarized practical recommendations to   OSS newcomers. The insights gained from this work demonstrated the   necessity of extending the focus of research and practice to newcomers'   early careers and hence shed light on future research in this direction.",10.1109/TSE.2022.3156071
1947,InProceedings,Open Source Software Onboarding as a University Course: An Experience   Report,"Without newcomers, open source software (OSS) projects are hardly   sustainable. Yet, newcomers face a steep learning curve during OSS   onboarding in which they must overcome a multitude of technical, social,   and knowledge barriers. To ease the onboarding process, OSS communities   are utilizing mentoring, task recommendation (e.g., ``good first   issues{''}), and engagement programs (e.g., Google Summer of Code).   However, newcomers must first cultivate their motivation for OSS   contribution and learn the necessary preliminaries before they can take   advantage of these mechanisms. We believe this gap can be filled by a   dedicated, practice-oriented OSS onboarding course. In this paper, we   present our experience of teaching an OSS onboarding course at Peking   University. The course contains a series of lectures, labs, and invited   talks to prepare students with the required skills and motivate them to   contribute to OSS. In addition, students are required to complete a   semester-long course project in which they plan and make actual   contributions to OSS projects. They can either contribute to some   recommended OSS projects with dedicated mentors, or contribute to any   OSS project they prefer. Finally, 16 out of the 19 enrolled students   have successfully contributed to OSS projects, and five have retained.   However, the onboarding trajectories, final contributions, and retention   outcomes differ vastly between the two groups of students with different   course project choices, yielding lessons for software engineering   education.",10.1109/ICSE-SEET58685.2023.00037
1951,InProceedings,Open Source Software Tools for Data Management and Deep Model Training   Automation,"Designing and optimizing deep models require managing large datasets and   conducting carefully designed controlled experiments that depend on   large sets of hyper-parameters and problem dependent software/data   configurations. These experiments are executed by training the model   under observation with varying configurations. Since executing a typical   training run can take days even on proven acceleration fabrics such as   Graphics Processing Units (GPU), properly managing training data,   avoiding human error in configuration preparations and securing the   repeatability of the experiments are of utmost importance. In this   paper, we present two open source software tools that aim to achieve   these goals, namely, a Dataset Manager (DatumAid) tool and a Training   Automation Manager (OrchesTrain) tool. DatumAid is a software tool that   integrates with Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) to facilitate the   management of annotated datasets. By adding additional functionality,   DatumAid allows users to filter labeled data, manipulate datasets, and   export datasets for training purposes. The tool adopts a simple code   structure while providing flexibility to users through configuration   files. OrchesTrain aims to automate model training process by   facilitating rapid preparation and training of models in the desired   style for the intended tasks. Users can seamlessly integrate their   models prepared in the PyTorch library into the system and leverage the   full capabilities of OrchesTrain. It enables the simultaneous or   separate usage of Wandb, MLflow, and TensorBoard loggers. To ensure   reproducibility of the conducted experiments, all configurations and   codes are saved to the selected logger in an appropriate structure   within a YAML file along with the serialized model files. Both software   tools are publicly available on GitHub.",10.1109/ASE56229.2023.00014
1952,Article,Open Source Software in the Public Sector: 25 Years and Still in Its   Infancy,"The proliferation of Open Source Software (OSS) adoption and   collaboration has surged within industry, resulting in its ubiquitous   presence in commercial offerings and shared digital infrastructure.   However, in the public sector, both awareness and adoption of OSS is   still in its infancy due to a number of obstacles including regulatory,   cultural, and capacity-related challenges. This special issue is a call   for action, highlighting the necessity for both research and practice to   narrow the gap, selectively transfer and adapt existing knowledge, as   well as generate new knowledge to enable the public sector to fully   harness the potential benefits OSS has to offer.",10.1109/MS.2023.3266105
1953,Article,Open source software adoption for development of institutional   repositories in university libraries of Islamabad,"Purpose This study aims to explore the present status of open-source   institutional repository (IR) software's usage in the university   libraries of Islamabad. This study also investigates the views,   satisfaction level and challenges of librarians in the adoption and use   of IR software. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted to   collect data from the Library Information Science (LIS) professionals   working in the university libraries of Islamabad. Data were collected   from all library professionals of the Islamabad university libraries by   using a structured questionnaire. Out of the total 104 LIS   professionals, 84 participated in the study with a response ratio of   80.76\\%. Findings The findings disclose that out of 23 universities   recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Islamabad, 17 (public   and private) have developed IRs. Currently, university libraries that   have fully implemented the IRs are less as compared with those   universities that have partially implemented IR software. However, a   good number of university libraries are in the process to develop IRs.   Free and open-source software is being used mostly in libraries as   compared with in-house developed, locally developed or commercial   software. The opinion of librarians about using IR software expressed a   positive attitude of librarians. Some of the major challenges   encountered by the librarians in using open-source IR software include   selection of suitable software and materials for digitization, lack of   cooperation from the parent organization, inadequate training   opportunities and lack of skilled staff. Research   limitations/implications This study is geographically limited to the   university libraries in Islamabad. Practical implications This study   will encourage the Pakistani LIS professionals to use open-source   software for the development of IRs in their libraries.   Originality/value This study concludes that the development of IRs in   university libraries is a need of the hour. Although the launching of   IRs requires certain skills and competencies, Pakistani librarians can   overcome these challenges by mastering the ICT skills.",10.1108/IDD-10-2021-0113
1956,Article,Open {Source} {Software}: {Communities} and {Quality},"This edition of the “Practitioner’s Digest” features recent papers on open source software related to toxicity in open source discussions, newcomers in open source projects, quality of ansible scripts, code review practices, orphan vulnerabilities in open source software, and the relationship between community and design smells.",10.1109/MS.2023.3270779
1957,Article,Open-source software for repositories,"The modern science depends in many ways on efficient provision of fast,   quality access to published research findings. The universities have   been developing their institutional repositories that are mostly based   on open-source software used in over 66\\% repositories, OpenDOAR   reports. For their digital archives, these organizations choose between   various possibilities: purchasing licenses, developing their own or   using the open-source software. The author analyzes the use of software   in institutional repositories of the world leading universities and   compares these trends to that of foreign and national institutions. She   focuses on the open-source software as that standing up the transition   to the open science concept. The structure of 210 university   repositories was reviewed. It was found that the open-source software   was the most popular with Russian universities while their platforms   selection was rather limited as compared to that of foreign   universities. Further, unlike foreign universities, Russian higher   educational institutions almost never develop their own repositories   though have strong potential to do so.",10.33186/1027-3689-2023-3-102-119
1958,Article,"Optimization of Revision Hip Arthroplasty Workflow by Means of Detailed   Pre-Surgical Planning Using Computed Tomography Data, Open-Source   Software and Three-Dimensional-Printed Models","Background. In revision hip arthroplasty (RHA), establishing the center   of rotation (COR) can be technically challenging due to the acetabular   bone destruction that is usually present, particularly in severe cases   such as Paprosky type II and III defects. The aim of this study was to   demonstrate the use of open-source medical image reconstruction software   and low-cost 3D anatomical models in pre-surgical planning of RHA.   Methods. A total of 10 patients, underwent RHA and were included in the   study. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for all cases,   before surgery and approximately 1 week after the procedure. The   reconstruction of CT data, 3D virtual planning of the COR and   positioning of acetabular cups, including their inclination and   anteversion angles, was carried out using the free open source software   platform 3D Slicer. In addition, anatomical models of the pelvis were   built on a desktop 3D printer from polylactic acid (PLA). Preoperative   and postoperative reconstructed imaging data were compared for each   patient, and the position of the acetabular cups as well as the COR were   evaluated for each case. Results. Analysis of the pre- and post-op   center of rotation position data indicated statistically insignificant   differences for the location of the COR on the X-axis (1.5 mm, t =   0.5741, p = 0.5868) with a fairly strong correlation of the results (r =   -0.672, p = 0.0982), whilst for the location of the COR in the Y and   Z-axes, there was statistical dependence (Y axis, 4.7 mm, t = 3.168 and   p = 0.0194; Z axis, 1.9 mm, t = 1.887 and p = 0.1081). A strong   correlation for both axes was also observed (Y and Z) (Y-axis, r =   0.9438 and p = 0.0014; Z-axis, r = 0.8829 and p = 0.0084). Analysis of   inclination angle values showed a statistically insignificant difference   between mean values (3.9 degrees, t = 1.111, p = 0.3092) and a moderate   correlation was found between mean values (r = -0.4042, p = 0.3685).   Analysis of the anteversion angle showed a statistically insignificant   difference between mean values (1.9 degrees, t = 0.8671, p = 0.4192),   while a moderate correlation between mean values was found (r = -0.4782,   p = 0.2777). Conclusions. Three-dimensional reconstruction software,   together with low-cost anatomical models, are very effective tools for   pre-surgical planning, which have great potential use in orthopedic   surgery, particularly RHA. In up and in- and up and out-type defects, it   is essential to establish a new COR and to identify three support points   within the revision acetabulum in order to correctly position acetabular   cups.",10.3390/diagnostics13152516
1959,Article,Outcomes following osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with Bio-Oss   Collagen or no grafting material: a one-year single-blind randomized   controlled trial,"The objective of this single-blind randomized controlled trial was to   test the hypothesis of no difference in implant treatment outcome and   patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following osteotome-mediated   sinus floor elevation with Bio-Oss Collagen (test) compared with no   grafting material (control) after 1 year of implant loading. Forty   healthy patients (27 female, 13 male) with a mean age of 49 years (range   24-74 years) were randomly allocated to the test or control group.   Outcome measures included survival of the suprastructures and implants,   periimplant marginal bone loss, complications, and PROMs; the latter   included the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 and a self-administered   questionnaire with visual analogue scales to assess the peri-implant   tissue, implant crown, function of the implant, total implant treatment   outcome, and oral health-related quality of life. Mean differences were   expressed with the standard deviation and 95\\% confidence interval. The   level of significance was 0.05. Survival of the suprastructures and   implants was 100\\% with both treatment modalities. No significant   difference in any of the outcome measures was observed between the test   and control groups. High patient satisfaction and a significant   improvement in quality of life were observed with both treatment   modalities. Consequently, no significant difference in implant treatment   outcome between the test and control groups was revealed after 1 year of   implant loading. Neither of the treatment modalities can therefore be   considered better than the other.",10.1016/j.ijom.2022.12.009
1960,Article,Perceptions of open-source software developers on collaborations: An   interview and survey study,"With the emergence of social coding platforms, collaboration has become   a key and dynamic aspect to the success of software projects. In such   platforms, developers have to collaborate and deal with issues of   collaboration in open-source software development. Although   collaboration is challenging, collaborative development produces better   software systems than any developer could produce alone. Several   approaches have investigated collaboration challenges, for instance, by   proposing or evaluating models and tools to support collaborative work.   Despite the undeniable importance of the existing efforts in this   direction, there are few works on collaboration from perspectives of   developers. In this work, we aim to investigate the perceptions of   open-source software developers on collaborations, such as motivations,   techniques, and tools to support global, productive, and collaborative   development. Following an ad hoc literature review, an exploratory   interview study with 12 open-source software developers from GitHub, our   novel approach for this problem also relies on an extensive survey with   121 developers to confirm or refute the interview results. We found   different collaborative contributions, such as managing change requests.   Besides, we observed that most collaborators prefer to collaborate with   the core team instead of their peers. We also found that most   collaboration happens in software development (60\\%) and maintenance   (47\\%) tasks. Furthermore, despite personal preferences to work   independently, developers still consider collaborating with others in   specific task categories, for instance, software development. Finally,   developers also expressed the importance of the social coding platforms,   such as GitHub, to support maintainers, and contributors in making   decisions and developing tasks of the projects. Therefore, these   findings may help project leaders optimize the collaborations among   developers and reduce entry barriers. Moreover, these findings may   support the project collaborators in understanding the collaboration   process and engaging others in the project.",10.1002/smr.2393
1962,Article,Phase III Randomized Non-Inferiority Study of OSS Versus PEG plus   Electrolyte Colonoscopy Preparation in Adolescents,"Objectives: Many protocols and preparations are used for bowel cleansing   before pediatric colonoscopy but few are based on scientific evidence.   We evaluated efficacy, safety, tolerability, and patient preference of   oral sulfate solution (OSS) at 75\\% of the adult dose versus   polyethylene glycol (PEG)-electrolyte solution in adolescents presenting   for diagnostic colonoscopy.Methods: Phase III, randomized,   evaluator-blinded, non-inferiority study of OSS and PEG in adolescents   aged 12-17 years. OSS and PEG were administered in 2 doses on the day   before colonoscopy. Primary endpoint included proportion of patients   with successful overall preparation (4-point scale). Secondary endpoints   included overall and segmental bowel cleansing (Boston Bowel Preparation   Scale; BBPS), completed colonoscopies, duration of examination, time to   cecal intubation, proportion of nasogastric tubes (NGTs), adverse events   (AEs) and acceptability.Results: Successful cleansing was achieved in   71.4\\% and 79.0\\% of patients receiving OSS and PEG, respectively   {[}adjusted difference -7.61 (95\\% confidence interval, CI, -18.45 to   3.24); P = 0.0907]. Segmental BBPS score for the left and transverse   colon were similar between treatment groups, but better for the right   colon with PEG than OSS {[}2.2 (95\\% CI, 2.0-2.4) and 1.9 (95\\% CI,   1.7-2.1), respectively; P = 0.0015]. Significantly fewer OSS patients   needed NGT placement to ingest the whole solution {[}9/125 (7.2\\%)] than   PEG patients {[}36/116 (31.0\\%); P < 0.0001]. Treatment acceptability   was significantly higher with OSS than PEG (P < 0.0001). Duration of   examination, completed colonoscopies, and time to cecal intubation were   similar between preparations. Gastrointestinal AEs including nausea,   vomiting, abdominal pain, and distension were similar in both groups but   more patients receiving PEG had AEs assessed as   incapacitating.Conclusions: Non-inferiority of OSS to PEG was not   demonstrated, but OSS was associated with a lower requirement for NGT,   better acceptability, and less frequent severe AEs than with PEG.",10.1097/MPG.0000000000003745
1963,Article,Phytochemical Properties of Silk Floss Tree Stem Bark Extract and Its   Potential as an Eco-Friendly Biocontrol Agent against Potato   Phytopathogenic Microorganisms,"In the current study, the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Ceiba   speciosa, the silk floss tree (SFSB), was evaluated against various   phytopathogenic microorganisms, including Ralstonia solanacearum,   Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum, Fusarium   oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani. At 300 mu g/mL concentration, the   SFSB extract exhibited the highest inhibition percentages of 83.33 and   86.67 for R. solani and F. oxysporum, respectively. In addition to its   antimicrobial activity, SFSB extract exhibited strong antioxidant   activity (IC50 value of 140.88 g/mL). HPLC analysis of the extract   revealed the presence of various phenolic acids and flavonoids. Among   these compounds, naringenin (18,698.83 mu g/g), chlorogenic acid   (2727.49 mu g/g), ferulic acid (1276.18 mu g/g), syringic acid (946.26   mu g/g), gallic acid (812.34 mu g/g), and methyl gallate (651.73 mu g/g)   were found to be the most abundant constituents. GCMS analysis showed   that there were antimicrobial compounds like terpenoids, benzoic acid   derivatives, phthalate esters, and different fatty acids. Isopropyl   myristate was the most common compound, with a relative abundance of   55.61\\%. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the   phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of SFSB extract.   Consequently, utilizing SFSB extract could hold significant potential as   a sustainable and natural approach for controlling and mitigating plant   diseases.",10.3390/horticulturae9080912
1964,InProceedings,Providing Security Assurance \\& Hardening for Open Source   Software/Hardware: The SecOPERA approach,"Rapid open-source software and hardware prototyping fueled by the   significant expansion of the development community, led to the   deployment of highly sophisticated frameworks, solutions and products.   However, as the provided open-source solutions are managed in all   aspects by their designers/engineers, they lack professional evaluation   of their security level. The absence of comprehensive security   assessment as well as a consolidated and ubiquitous roadmap for   vulnerability patching and security hardening, makes open-source   solution a risk for widespread enterprise use. This paper introduces a   security assurance approach which addresses open-source hardware and   software shortcoming in an end-to-end manner, by providing a logical   decomposition of any such module into four distinct component layers:   device, network, application and cognitive. This allows highly focused   security assessment, taking into consideration the specific   characteristics of each layer. In addition, the paper provides an   approach on how open-source solution security can be improved, through   decomposition, layered vulnerability mitigation and specialized security   hardening techniques. The proposed framework which is the main research   and innovation focus of the SecOPERA Project intends to transform an   open source solution to a protected one, as well as provide security   guarantees of its overall security status.",10.1109/CAMAD59638.2023.10478410
1965,Article,PyC2MC: An Open-Source Software Solution for Visualization and Treatment   of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data,"Complex molecular mixtures are encountered in almost all research   disciplines, such as biomedical `omics, petroleomics, and environmental   sciences. State-of-the-art characterization of sample materials related   to these fields, deploying high-end instrumentation, allows for   gathering large quantities of molecular composition data. One   established technological platform is ultrahigh-resolution mass   spectrometry, e.g., Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS).   However, the huge amounts of data acquired in FT-MS often result in   tedious data treatment and visualization. FT-MS analysis of complex   matrices can easily lead to single mass spectra with more than 10,000   attributed unique molecular formulas. Sophisticated software solutions   to conduct these treatment and visualization attempts from commercial   and noncommercial origins exist. However, existing applications have   distinct drawbacks, such as focusing on only one type of graphic   representation, being unable to handle large data sets, or not being   publicly available. In this respect, we developed a software, within the   international complex matrices molecular characterization joint lab   (IC2MC), named ``python tools for complex matrices molecular   characterization{''} (PyC2MC). This piece of software will be   open-source and free to use. PyC2MC is written under python 3.9.7 and   relies on well-known libraries such as pandas, NumPy, or SciPy. It is   provided with a graphical user interface developed under PyQt5. The two   options for execution, (1) a user-friendly route with a prepacked   executable file or (2) running the main python script through a Python   interpreter, ensure a high applicability but also an open characteristic   for further development by the community. Both are available on the   GitHub platform (https://github.com/iC2MC/PyC2MC\\_viewer).",10.1021/jasms.2c00323
1966,Article,PyES-An open-source software for the computation of solution and   precipitation equilibria,"A new, open-source, practical, modern and multi-platform Python   application for concentrations calculation (PyES - Python Equilibrium   Species) was developed by re-writing and implementing the ES4, a   freeware computer program originally written using the BASIC programming   language. Currently PyES has two working modes, i.e., titration   simulation and species distribution, and it can handle both   precipitation and solution equilibria. Noteworthy, PyES is actually the   only open-source software able to perform calculations at variable ionic   strength, taking into account the dependence of the stability constants   on it, and to take into account the error propagation to estimate the   uncertainties in the calculated concentrations using those of the   formation constants, solubility products and components concentrations.   Various tests were performed to verify the reliability of PyES with very   satisfying results. Moreover, PyES is user friendly and compatible with   existing operative systems. The data analysis results can be visualized   in a graphical presentation and can be easily exported as .xlsx or .csv   files. PyES and the corresponding source code are available for download   at htt ps://github.com/Kastakin/PyES.",10.1016/j.chemolab.2023.104860
1967,Article,PyOECP: A flexible open-source software library for estimating and   modeling the complex permittivity based on the open-ended coaxial probe   (OECP) technique,"We present PyOECP, a Python-based flexible open-source software for   estimating and modeling the complex permittivity obtained from the   open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) technique. The transformation of the   measured reflection coefficient to complex permittivity is performed   based on three different methods. The software library contains the   dielectric spectra of common reference liquids, which can be used to   transform the reflection coefficient into the dielectric spectra.   Several Python routines that are commonly employed (e.g., SciPy and   NumPy) in the field of science and engineering are required only so that   the users can alter the software structure depending on their needs. The   modeling algorithm exploits the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for the   data regression. The discrete relaxation models can be built by a proper   combination of well-known relaxation models. In addition to these   models, electrode polarization, a typical measurement artifact for   interpreting dielectric spectra, can be incorporated into the modeling   algorithm. A continuous relaxation model, which solves the Fredholm   integral equation of the first kind (a mathematically ill-posed   problem), is also included. This open-source software enables users to   freely adjust the physical parameters to obtain physical insight into   their materials under test and will be consistently updated for more   accurate measurement and interpretation of dielectric spectra in an   automated manner. This work describes the theoretical and mathematical   background of the software, lays out the workflow, and validates the   software functionality based on both synthetic and empirical data   included in the software. Program summary Program title: PyOECP 0.5 CPC   Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10 .17632 /vsh6vb9cbv.1   Developer's repository link: https://github .com /tyoon124 Code Ocean   capsule: https://codeocean .com /capsule /89645681 Licensing provisions:   BSD-3 Clause License Programming language: Python3 External routines:   Numpy, Scipy, and Matplotlib Nature of problem: Estimate and interpret   the frequency-dependent (complex) permittivity in fluid(s) and their   mixtures based on the reflection coefficients obtained from the   open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) technique. The obtained dielectric   spectra can be useful for understanding the relaxation processes in an   arbitrary fluid. Solution method: The reflection coefficient data is   obtained as a text format from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). This   text data is parsed into a Numpy array. Three different modules   (Stuchly, Marsland, and Komarov) can be used to transform the parsed   reflection coefficient data into complex permittivity as a function of   the measurement frequency. The resultant dielectric spectra can be   dissected and interpreted by fitting either discrete relaxation model(s)   based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm or a continuous   relaxation model by applying the Zasetsky-Buchner method. (C) 2022   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",10.1016/j.cpc.2022.108517
1968,Article,RESILIENCE IN THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMUNITY: HOW PANDEMIC AND   UNEMPLOYMENT SHOCKS INFLUENCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO OTHERS' AND ONE'S OWN   PROJECTS,"Contributions by individual open source software (OSS) community members   are the lifeblood of the OSS projects that power today's digital economy   and are important for the very survival of such communities. Individual   contributions by OSS community members to others' projects and their own   determine whether OSS communities are resilient in the face of major   shocks. Arguably, if crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic prompt users   to reduce their contributions to others' projects relative to the   contributions to their own projects, such behavior can have implications   for the overall resilience of the OSS community. Therefore, whether and   how individuals change their contributions in the face of a crisis is an   important question. We examine whether members in an OSS community   increased or decreased their contributions to others' projects relative   to their own in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, a sudden and   unexpected global health-related shock that has affected almost   everyone. We also compare and contrast this behavior when the OSS   community faced increasing unemployment, an economic cyclic shock that   is arguably and relatively more personal. Drawing on the concept of   prosocial behavior and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we   hypothesize that the pandemic increased OSS community members'   contributions to others' projects relative to their own; on the other   hand, the threat of rising unemployment decreased OSS community members'   contributions to others' projects relative to their own. Our empirical   analyses of a longitudinal dataset of over 18,000 OSS community members   on GitHub, with more than 1.4 million member-day observations, support   our hypotheses. This study contributes by uncovering the differential   effects of exogenous health-related and economic shocks on the   resilience of the OSS community. We conclude with a discussion of our   findings' implications for OSS community resilience.",10.25300/MISQ/2022/17256
1970,Article,Reconstructing 3D ocean subsurface salinity (OSS) from T-S mapping via a   data-driven deep learning model,"Despite the increasing volume of oceanographic data, the available ocean   salinity data remains patently insufficient which limits studying ocean   dynamics, climate change and the calculation of salinity-related ocean   elements. Considering that traditional salinity reconstruction methods   often suffer from various factors such as additional constraints, priori   physical assumptions and large of specific regression coefficients, a   generative adversarial networks (GANs) based deep learning (DL)   framework is proposed to directly construct a near real-time,   high-resolution daily three-dimensional ocean subsurface salinity (3D   OSS) dataset from a data driven perspective in this study. Four models   with different structural combinations are designed in the China's   marginal seas. Experimental results demonstrate that the models can   successfully reconstruct the high-precision and high-resolution 3D OSS   on a daily scale in 12 depth levels (from 2 m to 200 m). The asymmetric   inception3DGAN model with all enhanced structures has the highest   accuracy, the average root-mean-squared error (RMSE) is 0.135psu, the   average coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.5641 and the percent bias   is 0.436\\%. Comparing with model without enhanced structures, the   average RMSE is decreased by 22.41\\% when adding all the enhancement   structures. Besides, temporal and spatial error analysis are also   conducted to evaluate the models' performance from different aspects.   Finally, the model results are used to analyze common ocean elements,   such as water mass properties, dynamic fields and geostrophic velocity   fields, demonstrating that the 3D OSS dataset construction approach   proposed in this study not only provides some new insights into ocean   observations, but also has high application values.",10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102232
1972,Article,Release conventions of open-source software: An exploratory study,"Software engineering (SE) methodologies are widely used in both academia   and industry to manage the software development life cycle. A number of   studies of SE methodologies involve interviewing stakeholders to explore   the real-world practice. Although these interview-based studies provide   us with a user's perspective of an organization's practice, they do not   describe the concrete summary of releases in open-source social coding   platforms. In particular, no existing studies investigated how releases   are evolved in open-source coding platforms, which assist release   planners to a large extent. This study explores software development   patterns followed in open-source projects to see the overall   management's reflection on software release decisions rather than   concentrating on a particular methodology. Our experiments on 51   software origins (with 1777k revisions and 12k releases) from the   Software Heritage Graph Dataset (SWHGD) and their GitHub project boards   (with 23k cards) reveal reasonably active project management with phase   simplicity can release software versions more frequently and can follow   the small release conventions of Extreme Programming. Additionally, the   study also reveals that a combination of development and management   activities can be applied to predict the possible number of software   releases in a month (rho< 0:05).",10.1002/smr.2499
1973,Article,Reset and restoration. The looming conservative turn of management   theory: An extension of Foss et al.,"This article is a reply to Foss et al.'s (2022) contribution to the   special issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Management on The Great   Reset of management and organization theory. In their article, the   authors make a strong case that ``reset thinking{''} geared towards a   more ``sustainable{''} redesign of the global economy promotes extensive   state interventionism and cronyism capitalism, and therefore reject the   idea of a need for ``a funda-mental rethink of existing management   theory{''}. Whereas I do agree with the authors on most points, I am   less convinced that ``existing management theory{''} will suffice to   address the problem of ``reset thinking{''}. In this article, I   demonstrate that the economy-bias of existing theories is a gateway for   ``reset thinking{''} geared towards an allegedly necessary   re-/socialisation of management and organisation. A research agenda on   cronyism must therefore be complemented by one on privilege and   hierarchy not only as undesirable side-effects of cronyism, but also as   desired outcomes of advocacy for specific minorities or missions. As   self-identifications with group interests or calls for missions have   become popular in management theory, I conclude that this new appetite   for privilege might undermine not only the higher ideals of many   management theorists, but also the foundations of modern society.",10.1016/j.scaman.2023.101278
1977,Article,Risk Factors and Practices for the Development of Open Source Software   From Developers' Perspective,"Open source software (OSS) has achieved popularity, however there are   various software product quality problems, security issues and certain   challenges confronting the OSS growth that need to be identified and   addressed. The main focus of this research is to identify the risk   factors associated with open-source software and the practices for those   risks which will help software development companies and individuals to   mitigate the risks. A systematic literature review (SLR) is employed for   the identification of potential risk factors in OSS whereas   questionnaire survey is used to validate the findings of the SLR from   the relevant expert community. In the second round another SLR is   carried out to identify the practices for softening the effect of   risk-factors in OSS development. A total of 14 risk factors from the   developers' perspective are identified via SLR in OSS. Amid the risk   factors identified bugs, insufficient product documentation, and lack of   communication and coordination among developers are considered the most   important Further, we performed a secondary SLR to identify the   practices for mitigating the effects of the risk factors in OSS.   Therefore, a total of 31 practices for mitigating and addressing the   risk factors in OSS were identified. In this work, we identified 14 risk   factors and 31 practices for mitigating the critical risk factors,   through SLR for adapting OSS development from developers' perspectives.   We argue that focusing on the identified risk factors would minimize the   risks associated with OSS. We also recommend that OSS developers should   diligently consider all the risk factors that have been identified in   the study for increased software productivity and distribution of   reliable and robust source code.",10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267048
1978,InProceedings,Rules of Engagement: Why and How Companies Participate in OSS,"Company engagement in open source (OSS) is now the new norm. From large   technology companies to startups, companies are participating in the OSS   ecosystem by open-sourcing their technology, sponsoring projects through   funding or paid developer time. However, our understanding of the OSS   ecosystem is rooted in the ``old world{''} model where individual   contributors sustain OSS projects. In this work, we create a more   comprehensive understanding of the hybrid OSS landscape by investigating   what motivates companies to contribute and how they contribute to OSS.   We conducted interviews with 20 participants who have different roles   (e.g., CEO, OSPO Lead, Ecosystem Strategist) at 17 different companies   of different sizes from large companies (e.g. Microsoft, RedHat, Google,   Spotify) to startups. Data from semi-structured interviews reveal that   company motivations can be categorized into four levels (Founders'   Vision, Reputation, Business Advantage, and Reciprocity) and companies   participate through different mechanisms (e.g., Developers' Time,   Mentoring Time, Advocacy \\& Promotion Time), each of which tie to the   different types of motivations. We hope our findings nudge more   companies to participate in the OSS ecosystem, helping make it robust,   diverse, and sustainable.",10.1109/ICSE48619.2023.00218
1982,Article,Scrutinizing the available SRGMs in the backdrop of open-source software   while offering a way-out,"Software reliability growth models (SRGMs) are more often appropriate   for assessing the quality of the closed-source projects including their   development lifecycles because they are dependent on underlying   assumptions. It is debatable whether they should be used in open-source   software (OSS) initiatives. There are studies examining the SRGMs'   applicability in the OSS setting, but their scope is constrained by the   models and projects they take into account, which could result in   inconsistent findings. In this paper, the available SRGMs in the   backdrop of OSS have been scrutinized and limitations have been   identified. To address these limitations, a modification to the SRGMs   using fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) has been proposed. In this paper,   various SRGMs have been reviewed and sharp distinction among the same   has been made, taking their respective failure intensity and mean value   function under consideration. Through the failure intensity of software,   it becomes a cakewalk to identify and predict the faults even before   they actually arise and necessary and timely action may be initiated.   After duly considering the review and contrast between the factors, a   FNN model has been suggested for determination of software reliability   differing with values of failure intensity and mean value function.   First software failure data from a number of open-source software (OSS)   projects have been gathered as part of the methodology used to modify   traditional SRGMs. The proposed model gives out a high reliability rate   and a low failure intensity. The most important factor is that it caters   for the faults that are current and are being faced by the users on day   to basis currently. It was found that the proposed model has a high   success rate with the value of 82.6950937\\% which is considered as a   successful result for software. The suggested FNN model may have a   potential impact on the field of software reliability since FNN can   handle the ambiguity and imprecision in the software failure data that   are typical in open-source projects.",10.1007/s00500-023-08761-1
1983,InProceedings,Securing the Digital Fortress: Unveiling the Modern Battleground for   Sustainable OSs and the Digital Threatscape,"The increasing prevalence of cyber threats necessitates the exploration   of cybersecurity challenges in sustainable operating systems. This   research paper addresses these challenges by examining the dynamic   landscape of cyber threats and the modifications required in operating   systems to ensure robust security measures. Through the classification   of these threats, the diverse nature of attacks faced by operating   systems is revealed, highlighting the need for proactive security   measures. Furthermore, the study investigates current cyber security   solutions and prevention mechanisms employed to mitigate these threats.   It also explores the modifications and challenges that operating systems   must undergo in response to cybersecurity crimes, emphasizing the   significance of proactive measures to address vulnerabilities exploited   by cybercriminals.",10.1109/FMEC59375.2023.10306151
1984,Article,Seismo-VLAB: An Open-Source Software for Soil-Structure Interaction   Analyses,"In the fields of structural and geotechnical engineering, improving the   understanding of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects is critical   for earthquake-resistant design. Engineers and practitioners often   resort to finite element (FE) software to advance this objective.   Unfortunately, the availability of software equipped with boundary   representation for absorbing scattered waves and ensuring consistent   input ground motion prescriptions, which is necessary for accurately   representing SSI effects, is currently limited. To address such   limitations, the authors developed Seismo-VLAB (SVL v1.0-stable) an   open-source software designed to perform SSI simulations. The   methodology considers the integration of advanced techniques, including   the domain decomposition method (DDM), perfectly matched layers (PMLs),   and domain reduction method (DRM), in addition to parallel computing   capabilities to accelerate the solution of large-scale problems. In this   work, the authors provide a detailed description of the implementation   for addressing SSI modeling, validate some of the SVL's features needed   for such purpose, and demonstrate that the coupled DRM-PML technique is   a necessary condition for accurately solving SSI problems. It is   expected that SVL provides a significant contribution to the SSI   research community, offering a self-contained and versatile alternative.   The software's practical application in analyzing SSI and directionality   effects on 3D structures under seismic loading demonstrates its   capability to model real-world earthquake responses in structural   engineering.",10.3390/math11214530
1985,Article,SimpleMind: An open-source software environment that adds thinking to   deep neural networks,"Deep neural networks (DNNs) detect patterns in data and have shown   versatility and strong performance in many computer vision applications.   However, DNNs alone are susceptible to obvious mistakes that violate   simple, common sense concepts and are limited in their ability to use   explicit knowledge to guide their search and decision making. While   overall DNN performance metrics may be good, these obvious errors,   coupled with a lack of explainability, have prevented widespread   adoption for crucial tasks such as medical image analysis. The purpose   of this paper is to introduce SimpleMind, an open-source software   environment for Cognitive AI focused on medical image understanding. It   allows creation of a knowledge base that describes expected   characteristics and relationships between image objects in an intuitive   human-readable form. The knowledge base can then be applied to an input   image to recognize and understand its content. SimpleMind brings   thinking to DNNs by: (1) providing methods for reasoning with the   knowledge base about image content, such as spatial inferencing and   conditional reasoning to check DNN outputs; (2) applying process   knowledge, in the form of general-purpose software agents, that are   dynamically chained together to accomplish image preprocessing, DNN   prediction, and result post-processing, and (3) performing automatic   co-optimization of all knowledge base parameters to adapt agents to   specific problems. SimpleMind enables reasoning on multiple detected   objects to ensure consistency, providing cross-checking between DNN   outputs. This machine reasoning improves the reliability and   trustworthiness of DNNs through an interpretable model and explainable   decisions. Proof-of-principle example applications are provided that   demonstrate how SimpleMind supports and improves deep neural networks by   embedding them within a Cognitive AI environment.",10.1371/journal.pone.0283587
1986,InProceedings,Skill Recommendation for New Contributors in Open-Source Software,"Selecting an appropriate task is challenging for newcomers to Open   Source Software (OSS) projects. Therefore, researchers and OSS projects   have proposed strategies to label tasks (a.k.a. issues). Several   approaches relying on machine learning techniques, historical   information, and textual analysis have been submitted. However, the   results vary, and these approaches are still far from mainstream   adoption, possibly because of a lack of good predictors. Inspired by   previous research, we advocate that the prediction models might benefit   from leveraging social metrics.   In this research, we investigate how to assist the new contributors in   finding a task when onboarding a new project. To achieve our goal, we   predict the skills needed to solve an open issue by labeling them with   the categories of APIs declared in the source code (API-domain labels)   that should be updated or implemented. Starting from a case study using   one project and an empirical experiment, we found the API-domain labels   were relevant to select an issue for a contribution. In the sequence, we   investigated employing interviews and a survey of what strategies   maintainers the strategies believe the communities have to adopt to   assist the new contributors in finding a task. We also studied how   maintainers think about new contributors' strategies to pick a task. We   found maintainers, frequent contributors, and new contributors diverge   about the importance of the communities and new contributors'   strategies.   The ongoing research works in three directions: 1) generalization of the   approach, 2) Use of conversation data metrics for predictions, 3)   Demonstration of the approach, and 4) Matching contributors and tasks   skills.   By addressing the lack of knowledge about the skills in tasks, we hope   to assist new contributors in picking tasks with more confidence.",10.1109/ICSE-Companion58688.2023.00084
1988,InProceedings,SoK: Taxonomy of Attacks on Open-Source Software Supply Chains,"The widespread dependency on open-source software makes it a fruitful   target for malicious actors, as demonstrated by recurring attacks. The   complexity of today's opensource supply chains results in a significant   attack surface, giving attackers numerous opportunities to reach the   goal of injecting malicious code into open-source artifacts that is then   downloaded and executed by victims.   This work proposes a general taxonomy for attacks on opensource supply   chains, independent of specific programming languages or ecosystems, and   covering all supply chain stages from code contributions to package   distribution. Taking the form of an attack tree, it covers 107 unique   vectors, linked to 94 realworld incidents, and mapped to 33 mitigating   safeguards. User surveys conducted with 17 domain experts and 134   software developers positively validated the correctness,   comprehensiveness and comprehensibility of the taxonomy, as well as its   suitability for various use-cases. Survey participants also assessed the   utility and costs of the identified safeguards, and whether they are   used.",10.1109/SP46215.2023.10179304
1989,Article,Social movements and institutional entrepreneurship as facilitators of   technology transition: The case of free/open-source software,"We integrate insights from the literature on social movements and   institutional entrepreneurship into the stra-tegic niche management   (SNM) and multilevel perspective (MLP) frameworks to understand the   emergence of Linux, a free/open-source operating system, in a regime   dominated by proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows NT.   Employing a ``microhistories{''} methodology, we document how actors in   the free/open-source movement took steps that enabled an alternate   technological niche to form, gain momentum and even-tually infiltrate   the extant regime. Our account delineates the key role that actors play   in shaping the identity of a niche, amplifying its presence, and finally   mainstreaming it. We observe a heterogenous response by incumbents to   the emergent niche and highlight the sustained coexistence of a niche   and regime as a distinct form of techno-logical transition. Finally, we   demonstrate the significant impact that a niche can have, spanning   beyond the targeted regime, and becoming part of the landscape. Our   insights highlight how tracing the processes involved in the emergence   and development of a niche can provide a prospective and generative   understanding of technological transition, thereby contributing to and   complementing the extant SNM and MLP literatures.",10.1016/j.respol.2022.104672
1990,Article,Social-technical network effects in open source software communities:   understanding the impacts of dependency networks on project success,"Purpose To better understand the success of an open source software   (OSS) project, this study aims to examine the role of social dependency   networks (i.e. social and technical dependencies) in online communities.   Design/methodology/approach This study focuses on dependencies using   three network metrics - degree centrality, betweenness centrality and   closeness centrality - in developer and module networks. A longitudinal   analysis from the projects hosted at Sourceforge.net is conducted to   examine the effects of social and technical networks on the success of   OSS projects. To address our research questions, we have constructed   research models to investigate the social network effects in developer   networks, the technical network effects in module networks, and the   social-technical network effects in both types of networks. Findings The   results reveal nonlinear relationships between degree centrality in both   social and technical networks and OSS success, highlighting the   importance of a moderate level of degree centrality in team structure   and software architecture. Meanwhile, a moderate level of betweenness   centrality and a lower level of closeness centrality between developers   lead to a higher chance of OSS project success. Originality/value This   study is the first attempt to consider the network metrics in both   module networks of the technical sub-system and developer networks of   the social sub-system to better understand their influences on project   success.",10.1108/ITP-09-2021-0684
1994,Article,Software reliability model for open-source software that considers the   number of finite faults and dependent faults,"Software has become a vital factor in the fourth industrial revolution.   Owing to the increase in demand for software products in various fields   (big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, etc.), the   software industry has expanded more than ever before. Therefore,   software reliability has become very important, and efforts are being   made to increase it. One of these efforts is the development of software   reliability models (SRMs). SRMs have been studied for a long time as a   model that predicts software reliability by using the number of software   faults. Software failures can occur for several reasons, including   independent software faults such as code errors and software hangs, as   well as dependent cases where code errors lead to other software faults.   Recently, due to the diversity of software operating environments,   software faults are more likely to occur in a dependent manner, and, for   this reason, they are likely to increase rapidly from the beginning and   progress slowly to the maximum number thereafter. In addition, many   large companies have focused on open-source software (OSS) development,   and OSS is being developed by many users. In this study, we propose a   new SRM that considers the number of finite faults and dependent faults,   and examine the goodness-of-fit of a new SRM and other existing   non-homogeneous Poisson process models based on the OSS datasets.   Through numerical examples, the proposed model demonstrated a   significantly better goodness-of-fit when compared to other existing   models, and it also exhibited better results on the newly proposed   integrated criteria.",10.3934/mbe.2023524
1995,Article,Source-o-grapher: A tool towards the investigation of software   resilience in Open Source Software projects,"This work presents Source-o-grapher, a tool built with the aim to   investigate software resilience aspects of Open Source Software (OSS)   projects. The tool uses several metrics from the literature to evaluate   an OSS project on four major dimensions: structural (source code),   business and legal, integration and social (community of the project).   Many of these metrics are automatically acquired by the tool using the   Github repository of the project whereas some others are manually input   by the expert who performs the analysis.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published   by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license   (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",10.1016/j.softx.2023.101337
1996,Article,"Status of JADE, an open-source software for nuclear data libraries V\\&V","In the last couple of years, a combined effort between NIER, Universit`a   di Bologna and Fusion For Energy led to the development of JADE, a   python-based open-source software for the Verification and Validation of   nuclear data libraries. Nuclear data is fundamental for particle and   radiation transport simulations which, in turn, are responsible for the   evaluation of key quantities for fusion-related machines design such as   nuclear heating, DPA, particles production and dose rates. The aim for   the project is to offer standardization and automation to the V\\&V   process of data libraries in order to speed up their release cycles and,   at the same time, improve the quality of the data. JADE takes advantage   of MCNP for the particles and radiation transport simulations and, even   if it is potentially applicable to the whole nuclear industry, a   particular focus on fusion applications is obtained through the   selections of the default benchmarks that have been implemented. The   code was recently made publicly available to the community and the   status of its development is summarized in this work. The more important   features and benchmarks (both computational and experimental) are   described, together with a brief discussion on the major case studies   where JADE has been used. Lastly, the current strength and limitations   of the tool are evaluated and the foreseen future developments for the   project are outlined.",10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113380
1997,InProceedings,Teaching and Promoting Engagement with OSS: Yet Another Experience Report,"OSS-based learning refers to using open source software (OSS) and their sociotechnical practices in the pedagogical context. Several educators reported its benefits and barriers within different contexts, goals, and areas of knowledge, bringing evidence that it is a feasible approach to address Software Engineering Education challenges. Some appealing factors to adopting OSS-based learning are the availability of the software source code and workflows, access to the OSS community, and information about its development and evolution, which may improve the learning of SE concepts and practices and foster students’ engagement in real-world projects. Observing students as they work towards hard and soft skills, understanding, engaging with, and eventually contributing to an OSS project is a rewarding part of the routine of educators who have recognized the benefits of OSS-based learning and adopted it in their classes. We report our experience after delivering a “hands-on” course to introduce graduate students to OSS projects and their sociotechnical practices. Some graduate students were higher education instructors in other institutions. We present the course design and details of its execution, followed by a reflection based on students’ feedback and our perceptions of gains and pains. Overall, students valued the course and were highly motivated to explore OSS, especially those who worked as educators. Most of the feedback concerning the course methodology was positive, but some students requested more information about the weekly lesson plans in advance. We hope this experience report helps to demystify OSS, inspire educators to adopt OSS projects in their courses, and foster instructors’ and students’ engagement with OSS projects.",10.1145/3613372.3614190
1998,Article,The Cilialyzer - A freely available open-source software for the   analysis of mucociliary activity in respiratory cells,"Background and Objective: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare   genetic disorder causing a defective ciliary structure, which   predominantly leads to an impaired mucociliary clearance and associated   airway disease. As there is currently no single diagnostic gold standard   test, PCD is diagnosed by a combination of several methods comprising   genetic testing and the examination of the ciliary structure and   function. Among the approved diagnostic methods, only high-speed video   microscopy (HSVM) allows to directly observe the ciliary motion and   therefore, to directly assess ciliary function. In the present work, we   present our recently developed freely available open-source software -   termed ``Cilialyzer{''}, which has been specifically designed to support   and facilitate the analysis of the mucociliary activity in respiratory   epithelial cells captured by high-speed video microscopy.Methods: In its   current state, the Cilialyzer software enables clinical PCD analysts to   load, preprocess and replay recorded image sequences as well as videos   with a feature-rich replaying module facilitating the commonly performed   qualitative visual assessment of ciliary function (including the   assessment of the ciliary beat pattern). The image processing methods   made accessible through an intuitive user interface allow clinical   specialists to comfortably compute the ciliary beating frequency (CBF),   the activity map and the ``frequency correlation length{''} - an   observable getting newly introduced. Furthermore, the Cilialyzer   contains a simple-to-use particle tracking interface to determine the   mucociliary transport speed.Results: Cilialyzer is fully written in the   Python programming language and freely available under the terms of the   MIT license. The proper functioning of the computational analysis   methods constituting the Cilialyzer software is demonstrated by using   simulated and representative sample data from clinical practice.   Additionally, the software was used to analyze high-speed videos showing   samples obtained from healthy controls and genetically confirmed PCD   cases (DNAI1 and DNAH11 mutations) to show its clinical   applicability.Conclusions: Cilialyzer serves as a useful clinical tool   for PCD analysts and provides new quantitative information awaiting to   be clinically evaluated using cohorts of PCD. As Cilialyzer is freely   available under the terms of a permissive open-source license, it serves   as a ground frame for further development of computational methods   aiming at the quantification and automation of the analysis of   mucociliary activity captured by HSVM.",10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107744
1999,Article,The Nodes Influence Maximization in Open Source Software Community Based   on Probability Propagation Model,"It is of great significance to effectively and quickly identify the most   influential users in the open source software community, which can be   represented by a complex network. Traditional methods of measuring node   influence only consider some topology characteristics of the network, so   the results are one-sided. Because there are different interactive   behaviors among users in the community, it is necessary to mine more   interaction information, so as to give a more comprehensive measure of   node influence. In view of this, this paper proposes a method to   maximize the node influence of open source software community based on a   probability propagation model. Firstly, according to the relationship of   users and their interactive records on projects, this paper quantifies   the feedback of users on the project from three aspects (i.e. approve,   save and modify) and establishes a new probability propagation model   between users. Secondly, this paper proposes an algorithm(SIUF) to   evaluate users' influence in the open source software community based on   the probability propagation model. The algorithm fully considers the   interaction behavior of users in the community. In the first stage, the   user's own activity is taken as the initial ranking. In the second   stage, the influence of neighbor nodes is taken into account, and the   SIUF value of nodes is accumulated while the rich club effect is   weakened. Finally, the proposed theory and method are applied to GitHub,   a typical open source software community, and the correctness and   effectiveness of this method are verified from influence spread and   speed.",10.1109/TNSE.2023.3247485
2000,Article,The Role of Open-Source Software in the Energy Sector,"Fast digitalization of the power grids and the adoption of innovative   software solutions is key to a successful energy transition. In other   sectors, such as telecommunication or cloud computing, open-source   software has already proven capable of transforming entire industries,   by speeding up development and lowering development costs while   achieving high levels of stability, interoperability, and security.   However, the energy sector has not yet embraced open-source software to   the same level. We discuss how existing open-source software principles   can be applied to the unique challenges of the energy sector during the   transition towards higher penetration of renewable energy resources. To   provide an overview of the current state of the open-source software   landscape, we collected and analyzed 388 open-source projects, in terms   of project activities, community composition, relevant licenses, and   commonly used programming languages. One finding was that the majority   of projects are currently driven by academic contributors, but that   commercial players do also play a role, and we identify positive   examples of collaboration between the two, mostly related to   standardization.",10.3390/en16165855
1001,Article,The Role of Open-Source Software in the Energy Sector,"Fast digitalization of the power grids and the adoption of innovative   software solutions is key to a successful energy transition. In other   sectors, such as telecommunication or cloud computing, open-source   software has already proven capable of transforming entire industries,   by speeding up development and lowering development costs while   achieving high levels of stability, interoperability, and security.   However, the energy sector has not yet embraced open-source software to   the same level. We discuss how existing open-source software principles   can be applied to the unique challenges of the energy sector during the   transition towards higher penetration of renewable energy resources. To   provide an overview of the current state of the open-source software   landscape, we collected and analyzed 388 open-source projects, in terms   of project activities, community composition, relevant licenses, and   commonly used programming languages. One finding was that the majority   of projects are currently driven by academic contributors, but that   commercial players do also play a role, and we identify positive   examples of collaboration between the two, mostly related to   standardization.",10.3390/en16165855
1002,InProceedings,The State of Survival in OSS: The Impact of Diversity,"Maintaining and retaining contributors is crucial for Open Source (OSS)   projects. However, there is often a high turnover among contributors (in   some projects as high as 80\\%). The survivability of contributors is   influenced by various factors, including their demographics. Research on   contributors' survivability must, therefore, consider diversity factors.   This study longitudinally analyzed the impact of demographic attributes   on survivability in the Flutter community through the lens of gender,   region, and compensation. The preliminary analysis reveals that   affiliated or Western contributors have a higher survival probability   than volunteer or Non-Western contributors. However, no significant   difference was found in the survival probability between men and women.",10.1145/3611643.3617848
1006,Article,The Synthetic Collagen-Binding Peptide NIPEP-OSS Delays Mouse Myeloma   Progression,"Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological   malignancy. It is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by the   proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, the presence   of monoclonal serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic lesions. An   increasing amount of evidence shows that the interactions of MM cells   and the bone microenvironment play a significant role, suggesting that   these interactions may be good targets for therapy. The   osteopontin-derived collagen-binding motif-bearing peptide NIPEP-OSS   stimulates biomineralization and enhances bone remodeling dynamics. Due   to its unique targeted osteogenic activity with a broad safety margin,   we evaluated the potential of NIPEP-OSS for anti-myeloma activity using   MM bone disease (MMBD) animal models. In a 5TGM1-engrafted NSG model,   the survival rates of the control and treated groups were significantly   different (p = 0.0014), with median survival times of 45 and 57 days,   respectively. The bioluminescence analyses showed that myeloma slowly   developed in the treated mice compared to the control mice in both   models. NIPEP-OSS enhanced bone formation by increasing   biomineralization in the bone. We also tested NIPEP-OSS in a   well-established 5TGM1-engrafted C57BL/KaLwRij model. Similar to the   previous model, the median survival times of the control and treated   groups were significantly different (p = 0.0057), with 46 and 63 days,   respectively. In comparison with the control, an increase in p1NP was   found in the treated mice. We concluded that NIPEP-OSS delays mouse   myeloma progression via bone formation in MMBD mouse models.",10.3390/cancers15092473
1007,Article,The effect of perceived justice on users' contribution in open source   software communities,"Users' voluntary contribution of codes is crucial to the success of open   source software (OSS) communities. However, users often lack the   contribution motivation. The purpose of this research is to examine   users' contribution in OSS communities from a perceived justice   perspective. We adopted a mixed method of structural equation modeling   (SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to conduct data analysis. The   results indicated that perceived justice, which includes distributive   justice, procedural justice and interactional justice, has significant   effects on trust and satisfaction, both of which further determine   contribution intention. The results imply that OSS communities need to   improve users' perceived justice in order to facilitate their   contribution behavior.",10.1177/02666669231191071
1009,Article,The impacts of lockdown on open source software contributions during the   COVID-19 pandemic,"The COVID-19 pandemic instigated widespread lockdowns, compelling   millions to transition to work-from-home (WFH) arrangements and rely   heavily on computer-mediated communications (CMC) for collaboration.   This study examines the impacts of lockdown on innovation-driven work   productivity, focusing on contributions to open source software (OSS)   projects on GitHub, the world's largest OSS platform. By leveraging two   lockdowns in China as natural experiments, we discover that developers   in the 2021 Xi'an lockdown increased OSS contributions by 9.0 \\%, while   those in the 2020 Wuhan lockdown reduced their contributions by 10.5 \\%.   A subsequent survey study elucidates this divergence, uncovering an   adaptation effect wherein Xi'an developers became more accustomed to the   new norm of WFH over time, capitalizing on the flexibility and   opportunities of remote work. Moreover, our findings across both   lockdowns reveal that the lack of face-to-face (F2F) interactions   significantly impeded OSS contributions, whereas the increased available   time at home positively influenced them. This finding is especially   noteworthy as it challenges the assumption that CMC can effortlessly   substitute for F2F interactions without negatively affecting   productivity. We further examine the impacts of stay-at-home orders in   the United States (US) on OSS contributions and find no significant   effects. Collectively, our research offers valuable insights into the   multifaceted impacts of lockdown on productivity, shedding light on how   individuals adapt to remote work norms during protracted disruptions   like a pandemic. These insights provide various stakeholders, including   individuals, organizations, and policymakers, with vital knowledge to   prepare for future disruptions, foster sustainable resilience, and   adeptly navigate the evolving landscape of remote work in a postpandemic   world.",10.1016/j.respol.2023.104885
1011,InProceedings,The promises and perils of open source software release and usage by   government - evidence from GitHub and literature,"Open Source Software (OSS) is extensively utilized in industry and   government because it allows for open access to the source code and   allows for external involvement in the software development process.   There are several factors driving this movement in a government setting,   making it difficult to assess the adoption's success. Through a study of   billions of rows of GitHub activity data, this research analyzes the   production of OSS by administrations in German-speaking countries in   detail and analyses the motivating factors and challenges to OSS   adoption through a literature review. Similar studies have been   conducted in other nations, with somewhat different approaches, foci,   and different ways to identify public GitHub users as well as insiders   and outsiders of OSS projects. 16 consequences of OSS usage and   development are listed in the paper. On GitHub, we found 1021 OSS   projects run by public agencies in largly German-speaking nations. We   then compiled a list of the most popular projects based on commits and   the most active public agencies in terms of projects. The research also   finds automatic contributions by bots, which have not been taken into   account in the literature so far, and demonstrates highly substantial   positive correlations between commits, forks, and stars as proxy for the   popularity of these projects. This research introduces a new method for   identifying government organizations in OSS platforms and illuminates   the possible positive and negative effects of the public sector's   release and adoption of open source software.",10.1145/3598469.3598489
1015,Article,The versatility of Bio-Oss® Collagen in orthognathic surgery: two case   reports from vertical chin augmentation to pseudoarthrosis treatment,"Background: The evolution of maxillofacial surgery is clear. With   advances in digital planning, surgical techniques, orthognathic surgery   becomes increasingly safe, however, still a physiological factor that   challenges the surgeon: bone repair. The success of orthognathic   surgeries, in addition to planning and correct execution, depends on the   repair process and for that it is essential to maintain stability   between the bone bases, which becomes a challenge in large movements.   The use of biomaterials in orthognathic surgeries is not recent, in the   70s they were already used as a way to promote stability of movements   and over time, biomaterials are being improved also to accelerate the   process of bone repair, decreasing the chances of pseudoarthrosis and   non-union. Bio-Oss (R) Collagen is a combination of purified cancellous   natural bone mineral granules (Bio-Oss (R)) and 10\\% collagen fibres in   a block form and is sterilized by gamma-irradiation. The collagen   facilitates handling of the graft particles and acts to hold the Bio-Oss   (R) Collagen at the desired place. The consistency of this material   readily allows it to take the shape of the defect. Case Description: We   herein reported two cases that used autogenous and Bio-Oss (R) Collagen   in orthognathic surgeries to chin augmentation and pseudoarthrosis   treatment after orthognathic surgery; and discussed their advantages and   indications. Conclusions: Both cases demonstrate that, the use of   osteotomy techniques and adequate osteosynthesis, associated with the   grafts can minimize complications and promote less morbidity in the   surgical procedure.",10.21037/fomm-21-37
1017,InProceedings,Towards a Critical Open-Source Software Database,"Open-source software (OSS) plays a vital role in the modern software   ecosystem. However, the maintenance and sustainability of OSS projects   can be challenging. In this paper, we present the CrOSSD project, which   aims to build a database of OSS projects and measure their current   project ``health{''} status. In the project, we will use both   quantitative and qualitative metrics to evaluate the health of OSS   projects. The quantitative metrics will be gathered through automated   crawling of meta information such as the number of contributors, commits   and lines of code. Qualitative metrics will be gathered for selected   ``critical{''} projects through manual analysis and automated tools,   including aspects such as sustainability, funding, community engagement   and adherence to security policies. The results of the analysis will be   presented on a user-friendly web platform, which will allow users to   view the health of individual OSS projects as well as the overall health   of the OSS ecosystem. With this approach, the CrOSSD project provides a   comprehensive and up-to-date view of the health of OSS projects, making   it easier for developers, maintainers and other stakeholders to   understand the health of OSS projects and make informed decisions about   their use and maintenance.",10.1145/3543873.3587336
1021,InProceedings,Treat Societally Impactful Scientific Insights as Open-Source Software Artifacts,"So far, the relationship between open science and software engineering expertise has largely focused on the open release of software engineering research insights and reproducible artifacts, in the form of open-access papers, open data, and open-source tools and libraries. In this position paper, we draw attention to another perspective: scientific insight itself is a complex and collaborative artifact under continuous development and in need of continuous quality assurance, and as such, has many parallels to software artifacts. Considering current calls for more open, collaborative and reproducible science; increasing demands for public accountability on matters of scientific integrity and credibility; methodological challenges coming with transdisciplinary science; political and communication tensions when scientific insight on societally relevant topics is to be translated to policy; and struggles to incentivize and reward academics who truly want to move into these directions beyond traditional publishing habits and cultures, we make the parallels between the emerging open science requirements and concepts already well-known in (open-source) software engineering research more explicit. We argue that the societal impact of software engineering expertise can reach far beyond the software engineering research community, and call upon the community members to pro-actively help driving the necessary systems and cultural changes towards more open and accountable research.",10.1109/ICSE-SEIS58686.2023.00020
1023,Article,Tridimensional characterization of open cells and hollow strut cavities   from SiC and ZrO2 foams: A study accomplished with open-source software   tools,"The characterization of ceramic foams via X-ray microtomography imaging   method is often restricted to a general overview of samples, either to   perform qualitative or quantitative analyses. To assess the foam with a   focus on some specific components of its structure, such as hollow   struts' cavities and open cells, the generalized characterizations must   be overcome. This work presents image analysis methodologies, based on   open-source software, tools, and plugins, to achieve the aforementioned   characterizations. SiC and ZrO2 foams samples were analyzed and some of   the results were compared with those accomplished with pieces of   commercial software. The results show good agreement between open-source   and commercial software applications, indicating that the presented   methodologies can be freely applied by any researcher to analyze their   foams.",10.1016/j.oceram.2023.100475
1024,Article,UISCEmod: Open-source software for modelling water level time series in   ephemeral karstic wetlands,"Characterizing ephemeral karstic wetlands through hydrological modelling   is key for sustainable protection of their ecosystems and to understand   and mitigate the impact of flooding events. UISCEmod is a new   open-source software for modelling water level time series, focused on   ephemeral karstic wetlands, that requires minimal input information.   UISCEmod contains both experimental and lumped hydrological models, and   the calibration process is automated following a Bayesian approach. The   main outputs of UISCEmod include volume, stage, inflow and outflow model   time series, calibrated model parameters, and the associated   uncertainties. UISCEmod was evaluated at 16 representative sites in   Ireland obtaining Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Kling-Gupta   Efficiency (KGE) above 0.85 for both stage and volume time series for   most of the sites, showing its potential for covering the need for a   simple, pragmatic, and flexible framework for modelling water levels in   ephemeral karstic wetlands with relatively limited input data   requirements.",10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105761
1026,Article,Understanding Mentors' Engagement in OSS Communities via Google Summer   of Code,"A constant influx of newcomers is essential for the sustainability and   success of open source software (OSS) projects. However, successful   onboarding is always challenging because newcomers face various initial   contributing barriers. To support newcomer onboarding, OSS communities   widely adopt the mentoring approach. Despite its significance, previous   mentoring studies tend to focus on the newcomer's perspective, leaving   the mentor's perspective relatively under-studied. To better support   mentoring, we study the popular Google Summer of Code (GSoC). It is a   well-established global program that offers stipends and mentors to   students aiming to bring more student developers into OSS development.   We combine online data analysis, an email survey, and semi-structured   interviews with the GSoC mentors to understand their motivations,   challenges, strategies, and gains. We propose a taxonomy of GSoC   mentors' engagement with four themes, ten categories, 34 sub-categories,   and 118 codes, as well as the mentors' attitudes toward the codes. In   particular, we find that mentors participating in GSoC are primarily   intrinsically motivated, and some new motivators emerge adapting to the   contemporary challenges, e.g., sustainability and advertisement of   projects. Forty-one challenges and 52 strategies associated with the   program timeline are identified, most of which are first time revealed.   Although almost all the challenges are agreed upon by specific mentors,   some mentors believe that several challenges are reasonable and even   have a positive effect. For example, the cognitive differences between   mentors and mentees can stimulate new perspectives. Most of the mentors   agreed that they had adopted these strategies during the mentoring   process, but a few strategies recommended by the GSoC administration   were not agreed upon. Self-satisfaction, different skills, and peer   recognition are the main gains of mentors to participate in GSoC.   Eventually, we discuss practical implications for mentors, students, OSS   communities, GSoC programs, and researchers.",10.1109/TSE.2023.3242415
1030,Article,Using Modified Diffusion Models for Reliability Estimation of Open   Source Software,"Software development is a highly unpredictable process, and ensuring   software quality and reliability before releasing it to the market is   crucial. One of the common practices during software development is the   reuse of code. It can be achieved by utilizing libraries, frameworks,   and other reusable components. Practically, when a fault is detected in   replicated code, developers must check for similar faults in other   copies, as there is a dependency between faults. To prevent recurrence   of observed failures, developers must remove the corresponding leading   fault and any related dependent faults. Many software reliability growth   models (SRGMs) have been proposed and studied in the past, but most   SRGMs assume that developers usually detect only one fault causing a   failure. In actuality, it is necessary to consider the possibility of   detecting multiple faults that may share similarities or dependencies.   Additionally, some SRGMs rely on specific assumptions that may not   always be valid, such as perfect debugging and/or immediate debugging.   In this study, the modified diffusion models are proposed to handle   these unrealistic situations, and are expected to better capture the   dynamics of open source software (OSS) development. Experiments using   real OSS data show that the proposed models can accurately describe the   fault correction process of OSS. Finally, an optimal software release   policy is proposed and studied. This policy takes into account some   factors, including the remaining number of faults in the software, the   expenses associated with identifying and rectifying those faults, and   the level of market demand for the software. By considering these   factors, developers can determine the optimal time to release the   software to the market.",10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3279109
1031,Article,Utilization of open-source software in teaching the physics of P-N   diodes,"This paper describes utilizing open-source numerical simulation   software, typically used in solar photovoltaics research, as an   attractive supplementary educational tool for teaching the underlying   physics and operation of P-N junction diodes. Details of educational P-N   device models and simulation-based learning scenarios developed for this   purpose are provided here. The presented approach allows students to   learn the essential concepts related to P-N diodes experientially. These   include some frequently observed nonidealities, closely mimicking   experimental I-V measurements. Unlike most educational tools in this   field, all simulations demonstrated here are performed locally on the   student's computer using free and portable software, which eliminates   the need for a live internet connection or time-consuming installations,   making it easier to implement in a classroom and much more accessible to   students. The paper also discusses the implementation of this   supplementary tool and reports the results of a survey conducted to   measure student satisfaction with it and its implementation approach.   The presented method can be adapted to suit the needs of undergraduate   and graduate students studying engineering courses that require an   introduction to semiconductor devices. The details of P-N diode device   models are introduced and discussed so that users can modify them in   accordance with their practical or educational purposes.",10.1002/cae.22611
1032,Article,Utilizing Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms to Optimize Open   Source Software Release Management,"Scheduling and resource allocation for Open Source Software (OSS)   product development pose crucial and challenging tasks due to program   size and resource limitations. The properties of OSS further complicate   product assessment and maintenance for developers. This paper proposes a   model for the iterative and multi-release OSS development process.   Unlike traditional methods that oversimplify the problem by reducing the   multi-decision space into a single-objective optimization problem, our   approach suggests employing Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms   (MOEAs) to solve the Optimal Release Time Planning Problem, enabling the   simultaneous maximization of reliability and minimization of cost. We   consider testing cost and system reliability, two critical dimensions,   as the primary objectives, while also incorporating testing resource   consumption as the third objective. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic   Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is chosen as the primary method for its   effectiveness in MOEAs, with a special scenario outlined in the paper   where NSGA-II may not guarantee optimal solutions. Demonstrating the   practicality of our proposed method, we utilize open source data to   assess release time and illustrate its superiority to NSGA-II. Numerical   examples further showcase the model's effectiveness.",10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3323615
1033,Article,Video quality metrics toolkit: An open source software to assess video   quality,"Video content on the Internet continues to grow. As a result, streaming   platforms must ensure a certain level of quality when preparing their   content. To this end, several metrics have been developed by the   research community to evaluate video quality. This work integrates 14   video metrics and the SI-TI indicators into a container image to create   a cross-platform tool, VQMTK. The tool offers a web interface and a Bash   script that combines all metrics into a single tool. Performance tests   have demonstrated that the tool is capable of handling all the   integrated metrics using 4K video samples. The tool can be used in   scientific and educational environments.(C) 2023 The Author(s).   Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC   BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).",10.1016/j.softx.2023.101427
1034,Article,Viewpoint: {Building} {Machine} {Learning} {Models} like {Open} {Source} {Software},"Raffel proposes a community-based system for model development. Transfer learning-using a machine learning (ML) model that has been pretrained as a starting point for training on a different, but related task--as proven itself as an effective way to make models converge faster to a better solution with less-labeled data. These benefits have led pretrained models to see a staggering amount of reuse; for example, the pretrained BERT model has been downloaded tens of millions of times. The majority of the ML research community is therefore excluded from the design and creation of these shared resources.",10.1145/3545111
1035,Article,reg-sgc: An open-source software for regularized Simple Graph   Convolution,"Attributed graphs are powerful tools to represent real-life systems in   many domains such as social networks, biological metabolic networks,   consumer recommendation systems and more. Labeling nodes into   representative groups is an important part in networks analysis and is   commonly used in tasks such as collaborative filtering as they use both   node attribute information as well as the edge information. Graph Neural   Networks (GNNs) provide an expressive methodological framework that   combines node features and network structure to produce state of the art   node category classifications. The Regularized Simple Graph Convolution   Neural Network is a GNN variant utilizing flexible constraints to   produce a smaller set of weights that help simplify the inference   process and highlight important features for the users. This paper   introduces a Python open source software repository which implements the   Regularized Simple Graph Convolution (SGC). (c) 2022 The Author(s).   Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC   BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",10.1016/j.softx.2022.101293
1036,Article,{OSS} {Supply}-{Chain} {Security}: {What} {Will} {It} {Take}?,"While enterprise security teams naturally tend to turn their focus primarily to direct attacks on their own infrastructure, cybercrime exploits now are increasingly aimed at easier targets upstream--within the open source software supply (OSS) chains that enterprises and other organizations have come to rely upon. This has led to a perfect storm, since virtually all significant codebase repositories at this point include at least some amount of open source software, given that is where a wealth of innovation is available to be tapped. But opportunities also abound there for the authors of malware, since it's a setup they can leverage to spread the seeds of their exploits far and wide. Here, Kaczorowski et al discuss what's being done at this point to address the apparent risks, and the issues and questions developers and security experts ought to be considering.",10.1145/3583119
1037,Article,3D Slicer open-source software plug-in for vector-based angle   calculation of canine hind limb alignment in computed tomographic images,"Background Severe and complex angular limb deformities in dogs require   accurate morphological assessment using diagnostic imaging to achieve   successful orthopedic surgery. Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used   to overcome projection errors in two-dimensional angular measurements of   dog hindlimb alignment. Three-dimensional volume rendering (VR)   techniques permit virtual positioning and variable projection, but the   final CT-image that defines the projection plane for angular   measurements remains two-dimensional.Objective We wanted to develop a   true three-dimensional open-source technique to measure the alignments   of the hind limbs of dogs in CT scanners.Methods We developed an   open-source 3D Slicer plug-in, to perform angular measurements using   vector calculations in three-dimensional space. In 113 CT-scans of   canine pelvic limbs, femoral torsion, femoral varus, femorotibial   rotation, tibial torsion, tibial varus and tibiotalar rotation angles   were calculated and compared to an already validated technique using   VoXim (R).Results Reference points were identified and measurements were   possible in the 113 acquisitions. The greatest difference between the   two techniques was 1.4 degrees at only one tibial torsion angle. Mean   values for all Bland-Altman plots did not show significant differences   and were less than 0.07 degrees for all comparisons.Discussion Based on   these results we considered angular measurements of canine hind limb   alignment in CT scans using the 3D Slicer extension program sufficiently   accurate for clinical orthopedic and surgical purposes in veterinary   medicine.Conclusion With our open-source 3D Slicer extension software,   we provide a free accessible tool for veterinary orthopedic surgeons and   thus we hope to improve angular measurements in CT-scans of canine hind   limb deformities through true three-dimensionality.",10.1371/journal.pone.0283823
1038,InProceedings,A First Look at the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Open-Source Software,"This poster describes work on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in open-source software. Although open-source software is commonly integrated into regulated software, and thus must be engineered or adapted for compliance, we do not know how such laws impact open-source software development.We surveyed open-source developers (N=47) to understand their experiences and perceptions of GDPR. We learned many engineering challenges, primarily regarding the management of users' data and assessments of compliance. We call for improved policy-related resources, especially tools to support data privacy regulation implementation and compliance in open-source software.",10.1145/3639478.3643077
1039,Article,A Guide to Measuring Heart and Respiratory Rates Based on Off-the-Shelf   Photoplethysmographic Hardware and Open-Source Software,"The remote monitoring of vital signs via wearable devices holds   significant potential for alleviating the strain on hospital resources   and elder-care facilities. Among the various techniques available,   photoplethysmography stands out as particularly promising for assessing   vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and   blood pressure. Despite the efficacy of this method, many commercially   available wearables, bearing Conformit \\& eacute; Europ \\& eacute;enne   marks and the approval of the Food and Drug Administration, are often   integrated within proprietary, closed data ecosystems and are very   expensive. In an effort to democratize access to affordable wearable   devices, our research endeavored to develop an open-source   photoplethysmographic sensor utilizing off-the-shelf hardware and   open-source software components. The primary aim of this investigation   was to ascertain whether the combination of off-the-shelf hardware   components and open-source software yielded vital-sign measurements   (specifically heart rate and respiratory rate) comparable to those   obtained from more expensive, commercially endorsed medical devices.   Conducted as a prospective, single-center study, the research involved   the assessment of fifteen participants for three minutes in four   distinct positions, supine, seated, standing, and walking in place. The   sensor consisted of four PulseSensors measuring photoplethysmographic   signals with green light in reflection mode. Subsequent signal   processing utilized various open-source Python packages. The heart rate   assessment involved the comparison of three distinct methodologies,   while the respiratory rate analysis entailed the evaluation of fifteen   different algorithmic combinations. For one-minute average heart rates'   determination, the Neurokit process pipeline achieved the best results   in a seated position with a Spearman's coefficient of 0.9 and a mean   difference of 0.59 BPM. For the respiratory rate, the combined   utilization of Neurokit and Charlton algorithms yielded the most   favorable outcomes with a Spearman's coefficient of 0.82 and a mean   difference of 1.90 BrPM. This research found that off-the-shelf   components are able to produce comparable results for heart and   respiratory rates to those of commercial and approved medical wearables.",10.3390/s24123766
1040,Article,A Handheld Colorimeter for Remote and Onsite Recognition of Baking   Levels at High Temperature - Pork Floss as a Case Study,"Pork floss is a common dried meat product in Asia. The endpoint of the   baking process is traditionally determined by subjective human experts   and indirect temperature measurements, which can often result in   unstandardized production. Current colorimeters are unavailable for   onsite measurement due to limitations associated with contact   measurement and environmental temperature. Instead of the abovementioned   human experts and tabletop colorimeters, a handheld colorimeter was   built based on the expertise of human specialists and utilizing a   tabletop colorimeter and other optical steps. First, the selected   samples were used to determine the upper and lower limits distinguishing   light, medium, and heavy baking levels by using a tabletop colorimeter.   Second, independent light sources and spectrometers were utilized to   choose the characteristic and reference wavelengths at 450 and 830 nm,   separately. Third, the handheld colorimeter, instead of human expert   observation, was designed with functions such as distance sensing and   Internet of Things capabilities. The baked index was derived from the   calibration reflection and established statistical models. Here, the   calibration reflection was defined by the normalized intensity at 450 nm   relative to 830 nm, and statistical models were founded from the   determined samples of upper and lower limits at 95-700 mm. The developed   handheld colorimeter demonstrated high agreement rates of 96.84\\% and   93.86\\% in separate comparisons with tabletop colorimeters and human   experts, respectively. This work indicated the accurate and stable   recognition of samples within two limits and overall. Field validation   confirmed the performance of remote, economic, and onsite recognition   against environmental temperature and noise.",10.1007/s12161-024-02740-4
1041,Article,A Method of Reliability Assessment Based on Trend Analysis for Open   Source Software,"Software reliability growth model (SRGM) is used as one of the   reliability assessment methods to assess the software reliability. In   SRGM, the degree of reliability growth may fluctuate greatly according   to change in the internal state of the software. It is called the change   point (CP). Several researchers proposed the SRGM considering CP. In the   open source software (OSS), there are many projects that continue   development even after the software is released. Therefore, major   updates with breaking changes may occur in it. The major updates can be   a factor that causes a CP because it greatly changes the internal state   of the OSS. This paper focuses on the relationship between CP and   software updates. We collect OSS fault data from a bug tracking system.   Moreover, we examine the behavior of SRGM before and after software   updates. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of SRGM for CP in   OSS. Also, we compare the proposed model based on CP with the model   without CP. As a result, we have confirmed that the SRGM can evaluate   the reliability in the environment with major updates. Moreover, the   proposed method performs better than without considering CP model.   Especially, the exponential model's mean value function is the suitable   method to assess the OSS reliability for the proposed method.",10.1142/S0218539324500049
1042,Article,A New Open-Source Software to Help Design Models for Automatic 3D Point   Cloud Classification in Coastal Studies,"This study introduces a new software, cLASpy\\_T, that helps design   models for the automatic 3D point cloud classification of coastal   environments. This software is based on machine learning algorithms from   the scikit-learn library and can classify point clouds derived from   LiDAR or photogrammetry. Input data can be imported via CSV or LAS   files, providing a 3D point cloud, enhanced with geometric features or   spectral information, such as colors from orthophotos or hyperspectral   data. cLASpy\\_T lets the user run three supervised machine learning   algorithms from the scikit-learn API to build automatic classification   models: RandomForestClassifier, GradientBoostingClassifier and   MLPClassifier. This work presents the general method for classification   model design using cLASpy\\_T and the software's complete workflow with   an example of photogrammetry point cloud classification. Four   photogrammetric models of a coastal dike were acquired on four different   dates, in 2021. The aim is to classify each point according to whether   it belongs to the `sand' class of the beach, the `rock' class of the   riprap, or the `block' class of the concrete blocks. This case study   highlights the importance of adjusting algorithm parameters, selecting   features, and the large number of tests necessary to design a   classification model that can be generalized and used in production.",10.3390/rs16162891
1043,InProceedings,A Preliminary Study of Contributing Guidelines in OSS Projects,"Most open source software (OSS) projects are collaboratively developed   by the community developers from all over the world. To onboard   newcomers and improve collaboration efficiency, OSS projects usually   adopt a contributing guideline to elaborate on how to make contributions   to the project. Prior research has studied on the impact of contributing   guidelines, nevertheless, the adoption and revision of contributing   guidelines was not well studied. In this paper, we conducted a   preliminary, quantitative analysis of contributing guidelines in OSS   projects in terms of what kind of projects are more likely to adopt the   contributing guideline, what is the appropriate timing for its adoption,   and how frequently it is revised. Our results contribute to a more   comprehensive understanding of contributing guidelines in OSS projects.",10.1109/ICSESS62520.2024.10719042
1044,InProceedings,A Study of Backporting Code in Open-Source Software for Characterizing Changesets,"The software development process, shaped by stakeholder feedback, encompasses the creation of diverse versions tailored for customization and addressing hardware limitations. Maintaining these versions involves initiating the transfer of changes for reuse. In the context of a pull-based development model, where the development branch remains current, the term ""backporting"" is coined to sustain stable versions. Stability requirements may necessitate fewer changes, compatible modifications, or security checks. Consequently, we conducted an analysis of 37,460 backports from 223,602 pull requests in open-source GitHub projects, aiming to identify types of incompatibilities encountered in real-life scenarios. We manually pinpointed various reasons why pull requests may lack compatibility with other versions, including contextual differences, varying dependencies, and statement-level alterations. This study constitutes the inaugural comprehensive characterization of changesets during the porting process across different versions with incompatibilities. The acquired insights can serve as a foundation for automated slicing and adaptation of changesets in stable software versions.",10.1145/3639478.3643079
1046,Article,A Survey of Open Source Software Repositories in the US Department of   Energy's National Laboratories,"There are 17 national laboratory systems in the United States operating   under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). These   government labs employ tens of thousands of people engaging in research   software engineering activities across a variety of missions. To support   this work, many open source projects are maintained. Many of these   projects have broad utility to the computing community at large and   domain scientists in a variety of fields. However, the complexity and   decentralized nature of the laboratory system has resulted in a   situation where no one entity even knows about all the open source   software projects in this ecosystem, let alone crude metrics of their   health. In this article, we do the first external inventory of open   source software repositories with a nexus to DOE labs. We posit that a   project's need for sustainability support can be determined by comparing   measures of active use to measures of active maintenance.",10.1109/MCSE.2024.3414951
1048,Article,A Tertiary Study on Open-Source Software Research,"Open-source software (OSS) development has become prominent in the   software industry over the last 20 years. OSS has transformed how   software is developed, distributed, and maintained. This increase in   popularity has led to extensive research in various domains of OSS, such   as evolution, adoption, community and development processes.With the   passage of time the volume of academic studies increased in the area of   OSS, including Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) and Systematic   Mapping Studies (SMS), which have provided valuable insights into   specific aspects of OSS. The OSS domain is vast, with many areas that   are still under explored. The fragmented nature of the existing studies   presents challenges for both researchers and practitioners in   identifying comprehensive research trends, gaps, future directions, and   the cohesive understanding of the broader trends within the field. The   secondary studies synthesize the literature to highlight findings and   gaps of an area. The fragmentation of OSS academic literature limits the   ability of researchers to identify unexplored or under-researched areas.   This also creates challenges for both practitioners and researchers, as   they lack awareness of the best practices, tools, technologies, and   methodologies in a OSS domain. This study is motivated by the need to   consolidate the extensive research conducted in the OSS domain,   providing a holistic view that can guide future investigations and   practical applications. The rationale for conducting this research lies   in the opportunity to aggregate and classify existing OSS research   areas, topics, and future directions through a systematic tertiary   study. By synthesizing the findings from secondary studies, this   research aims to offer a meta-level understanding of the OSS field,   uncovering overlooked areas and defining a research agenda. The   systematic approach, guided by the established protocol of Kitchenham,   ensures that the study is conducted rigorously, with a focus on   comprehensiveness and reliability. Ultimately, this research seeks to   contribute to the OSS community by highlighting key research areas that   require further exploration, thereby advancing the field and supporting   the continued growth and innovation within OSS development. A systematic   tertiary study is performed to cover all the systematic secondary   studies in the area of OSS. The guidelines of Kitchenham are used for   designing the protocol. The protocol details the research objectives,   scope, search strategy, data extraction, quality assessment and   synthesis. The protocol is detailed in section three for transparency.   We have identified seventy-four studies that consist of twenty-five SMS   and forty-nine SLR. The literature is mapped to a published taxonomy of   OSS by Aksulu and Wade, however, the future directions are thematically   analyzed. The results of mapping show that the highest number of studies   (forty-seven) are in the sub-category of ``OSS categorization/research   agenda{''}, whereas eight studies are mapped to the subcategory ``OSS vs   Proprietary{''}. Both of these sub-categories fall in the main category   of ``Conceptual{''}. The second major work is in the ``OSS   Production{''} category in the sub-categories of ``Communities{''}   (ten), ``Process{''} (eight), ``User and Developer Motivation{''}   (nine), and ``Self-Organization (Product and Community Evolution){''}   (six). Seven studies are also mapped to the sub-category of ``Software   Quality{''} in the main category of ``Performance Metrics{''}. Other   categories have fewer studies mapped to them.   The areas identified, thematically, for future directions are ``OSS   contributors{''}, ``OSS development process{''}, ``OSS evolution and   prediction{''}, ``use of OSS in different domains{''}, and ``OSS   adoption/adaptation/integration{''}. The mapping between ``key research   areas{''} of systematic secondary studies and ``taxonomy categories{''}   shows that there is no or little research in some of the categories of   taxonomy, having potential of future research. The future directions   thematic analysis will also aid researchers and practitioners.",10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3514075
1049,Article,A dynamic perspective on software modularity in open source software   (OSS) development: A configurational approach,"To reduce technical and task interdependencies, modularization has been   considered important in OSS development. However, the existing   literature implicitly takes a static view that software structure and   organizational structure are established early on and change slowly over   time, if at all. Such a view does not fully reflect the complex and   dynamic nature of software development and tends to overlook the role   played by human agents as they ramp involvement up and down over time.   This study considers that coordination practice plays an important role   in altering technical interdependencies in OSS development. This study   investigates coordination practices that result in changes in software   coupling-in particular, increases in software coupling. This study   automatically analyzes the code in 72 software releases and 1033 task   episodes of three successful OSS projects-GNU grep, IPython, and   Scikit-image. This study takes a fine-grained practice-oriented   perspective that views the way that the work is done as constituting the   organization. In our conceptualization, OSS contributors use a   configuration of multiple organizational elements, enacted and varying   across specific episodes of practice. In line with this perspective,   this study takes a configurational approach, uses fuzzy-set qualitative   comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze episodes that led to decreases,   no changes, and increases in software coupling during the inter-release   periods in which the level of software coupling increased significantly,   which we call focal period. We find that co-work involving multiple   individuals tends to result in code that adds technical dependencies   (increases in software coupling) during the focal period. To illustrate   this beyond our fuzzy-set analysis, we present and discuss three   episodes in narrative detail. The fine-grained, configurational analysis   in this study supports the idea that the organizing process is ongoing   enactment. In this study, OSS systems are an amalgam of code that builds   up in different episodes each possibly different organizational   configurations, rather than thinking of the OSS systems or projects as   static or singular.",10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100499
1051,Article,A multi-release reliability model of open source software with fault   detection obeying three-parameter lifetime distribution,"With the development of open source software (OSS), software reliability   has become an important issue. Due to the complexity of OSS development   and testing environment, the fault detection rate of OSS will show a   variety of changes. The existing OSS reliability models cannot fully   adapt to the complex changes of OSS fault detection. In this paper, we   proposed a multi-release OSS reliability model based on three-parameter   lifetime distribution. The proposed model can effectively adapt to the   complicated changes of fault detection in the processes of development   and testing of OSS. Experimental results indicate that the proposed   model has the better fitting and predictive performance compared with   other multi-release OSS reliability models. Moreover, the proposed model   can better adapt to the variety of OSS fault detection environment, and   assist developers to evaluate the reliability of OSS.",10.1038/s41598-024-70536-x
1052,Article,A resilience-based framework for assessing the evolution of open source   software projects,"Open source software (OSS) has been developing for more than two   decades. It originated as a movement with the introduction of the first   free/libre OSS operating system, became a popular trend among the   developer community, led to enterprise solutions widely embraced by the   global market, and began garnering attention from significant players in   the software industry (such as IBM's acquisition of RedHat). Throughout   the years, numerous software assessment models have been suggested, some   of which were created specifically for OSS projects. Most of these   assessment models focus on software quality and maintainability. Some   models are taking under consideration health aspects of OSS projects.   Despite the multitude of these models, there is yet to be a universally   accepted model for assessing OSS projects. In this work, we aim to adapt   the City Resilience Framework (CRF) for use in OSS projects to establish   a strong theoretical foundation for OSS evaluation focusing on the   project's resilience as it evolves over time. We would like to highlight   that our goal with the proposed assessment model is not to compare two   OSS solutions with each other, in terms of resilience, or even do a   resilience ranking between the available OSS tools. We are aiming to   investigate resilience of an OSS project as it evolves and identify   possible opportunities of improvements in the four dimensions we are   defining. These dimensions are as follows: source code, business and   legal, integration and reuse, and social (community). The CRF is a   framework that was introduced to measure urban resilience and most   specifically how cities' resilience is changing as they evolve. We   believe that a software evaluation model that focuses on resilience can   complement the pre-existing models based on software quality and   software health. Although concepts that are related to resilience, like   sustainability or viability, already appear in literature, to our best   knowledge, there is no OSS assessment model that evaluates the   resilience of an OSS project. We argue that cities and OSS projects are   both dynamically evolving systems with similar characteristics. The   proposed framework utilizes both quantitative and qualitative   indicators, which is viewed as an advantage. Lastly, we would like to   emphasize that the framework has been tested on the enterprise software   domain as part of this study, evaluating five major versions of six OSS   projects, Laravel, Composer, PHPMyAdmin, OKApi, PatternalPHP, and   PHPExcel, the first three of which are intuitively considered resilient   and the three latter nonresilient, to provide a preliminary validation   of the models' ability to distinguish between resilient and not   resilient projects.",10.1002/smr.2597
1054,Article,"A travel time matrix data set for the Helsinki region 2023 that is   sensitive to time, mode and interpersonal differences, and uses open   data and novel open-source software","Travel times between different locations form the basis for most   contemporary measures of spatial accessibility. Travel times allow to   estimate the potential for interaction between people and places, and is   therefore a vital measure for understanding the functioning,   sustainability, and equity of cities. Here, we provide an open travel   time matrix dataset that describes travel times between the centroids of   all cells in a grid (N = 13,132) covering the metropolitan area of   Helsinki, Finland. The travel times recorded in the dataset follow a   door-to-door approach that provides comparable travel times for walking,   cycling, public transport and car journeys, including all legs of each   trip by each mode, such as the walk to a bus stop, or the search for a   parking spot. We used the r5py Python package, that we developed   specifically for this computation. The data are sensitive to diurnal   variations and to variations between people (e.g. slow and fast walking   speed). We validated the data against the Google Directions API and   present use cases from a planning practice. The five key principles that   guided the data set design and production - comparability, simplicity,   reproducibility, transferability, and sensitivity to temporal and   interpersonal variations - ensure that urban and transport planners,   business and researchers alike can use the data in a wide range of   applications.",10.1038/s41597-024-03689-z
1055,InProceedings,Adapting the Interface Content Modeling Technique in an Open Source   Software Project: The Case of Koodo Reader,"Open Source Software (OSS) refers to software whose source code is   publicly available, allowing its modification and distribution at no   cost. However, due to these OSS projects' collaborative and   community-based nature, they often lack resources to focus on quality   aspects, such as efficiency and usability. This research aims to apply   the adapted Interface Content Model usability technique in the   open-source software Koodo Reader project. We participated as volunteers   in this project, although we did not have the authorization of the   leading developer. To validate the effectiveness of the adapted   technique, tests were conducted with representative users, covering a   variety of interactions with the Koodo Reader interface. The results of   these tests were used for prototyping, which was evaluated and validated   by the user community of the Koodo Reader project. In conclusion, the   successful application of the Interface Content Modeling technique has   proven to be a tool that helps improve the quality of projects. It makes   it easier for the developer community to collaborate to improve the   end-user experience and make the project more appealing to users. This   case exemplifies how collaboration and teamwork in the OSS context can   generate innovative and effective solutions.",10.1007/978-3-031-61281-7\\_6
1057,InProceedings,Adapting the Interface Content Modeling Technique in an Open Source Software Project: The Case of Koodo Reader,"Open Source Software (OSS) refers to software whose source code is publicly available, allowing its modification and distribution at no cost. However, due to these OSS projects’ collaborative and community-based nature, they often lack resources to focus on quality aspects, such as efficiency and usability. This research aims to apply the adapted Interface Content Model usability technique in the open-source software Koodo Reader project. We participated as volunteers in this project, although we did not have the authorization of the leading developer. To validate the effectiveness of the adapted technique, tests were conducted with representative users, covering a variety of interactions with the Koodo Reader interface. The results of these tests were used for prototyping, which was evaluated and validated by the user community of the Koodo Reader project. In conclusion, the successful application of the Interface Content Modeling technique has proven to be a tool that helps improve the quality of projects. It makes it easier for the developer community to collaborate to improve the end-user experience and make the project more appealing to users. This case exemplifies how collaboration and teamwork in the OSS context can generate innovative and effective solutions.",10.1007/978-3-031-61281-7_6
1058,Article,Ambush From All Sides: Understanding Security Threats in Open-Source   Software CI/CD Pipelines,"The continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines   are widely adopted on Internet hosting platforms, such as GitHub.   However, current CI/CD pipelines suffer from malicious code and severe   vulnerabilities. Even worse, people have not been fully aware of its   attack surfaces and the corresponding impacts. Therefore, in this paper,   we conduct a large-scale measurement and a systematic analysis to reveal   the attack surfaces of the CI/CD pipeline and quantify their security   impacts. Specifically, for the measurement, we collect a data set of   320,000+ CI/CD pipeline-configured GitHub repositories and build an   analysis tool to parse the CI/CD pipelines and extract security-critical   usages. Our measurement reveals that the script runtimes are prone to   code hiding while the script usage update is not in time, giving   attackers chances to hide malicious code and exploit existing   vulnerabilities. Moreover, even the scripts from verified creators may   contain severe vulnerabilities. Besides current CI/CD ecosystem heavily   relies on several core scripts, which may lead to a single point of   failure. While the CI/CD pipelines contain sensitive   information/operations, making them the attacker's favorite targets.   Inspired by the measurement findings, we abstract the threat model and   the attack approach toward CI/CD pipelines, followed by a systematic   analysis of attack surfaces, attack strategies, and the corresponding   impacts. We further launch case studies on five attacks in real-world   CI/CD environments to validate the revealed attack surfaces. Finally, we   give suggestions on mitigating attacks on CI/CD scripts, including   securing CI/CD configurations, securing CI/CD scripts, and improving   CI/CD infrastructure.",10.1109/TDSC.2023.3253572
1059,InProceedings,An Exploratory Mixed-methods Study on General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Compliance in Open-Source Software,"Background: Governments worldwide are considering data privacy regulations. These laws, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), require software developers to meet privacy-related requirements when interacting with users’ data. Prior research describes the impact of such laws on software development, but only for commercial software. Although open-source software is commonly integrated into regulated software, and thus must be engineered or adapted for compliance, we do not know how such laws impact open-source software development. Aims: To understand how data privacy laws affect open-source software (OSS) development, we focus on the European Union’s GDPR, as it is the most prominent such law. We investigated how GDPR compliance activities influence OSS developer activity (RQ1), how OSS developers perceive fulfilling GDPR requirements (RQ2), the most challenging GDPR requirements to implement (RQ3), and how OSS developers assess GDPR compliance (RQ4). Method: We distributed an online survey to explore perceptions of GDPR implementations from open-source developers (N=56). To augment this analysis, we further conducted a repository mining study to analyze development metrics on pull requests (N=31,462) submitted to open-source GitHub repositories. Results: Our results suggest GDPR policies complicate OSS development and introduce challenges, primarily regarding the management of users’ data, implementation costs and time, and assessments of compliance. Moreover, we observed negative perceptions of the GDPR from OSS developers and significant increases in development activity, in particular metrics related to coding and reviewing, on GitHub pull requests related to GDPR compliance. Conclusions: Our findings provide future research directions and implications for improving data privacy policies, motivating the need for relevant resources and automated tools to support data privacy regulation implementation and compliance efforts in OSS.",10.1145/3674805.3686692
1060,Article,An Open-Source Software Reliability Model Considering Learning Factors   and Stochastically Introduced Faults,"In recent years, software development models have undergone changes. In   order to meet user needs and functional changes, open-source software   continuously improves its software quality through successive releases.   Due to the iterative development process of open-source software,   open-source software testing also requires continuous learning to   understand the changes in the software. Therefore, the fault detection   process of open-source software involves a learning process.   Additionally, the complexity and uncertainty of the open-source software   development process also lead to stochastically introduced faults when   troubleshooting in the open-source software debugging process.   Considering the phenomenon of learning factors and the random   introduction of faults during the testing process of open-source   software, this paper proposes a reliability modeling method for   open-source software that considers learning factors and the random   introduction of faults. Least square estimation and maximal likelihood   estimation are used to determine the model parameters. Four fault data   sets from Apache open-source software projects are used to compare the   model performances. Experimental results indicate that the proposed   model is superior to other models. The proposed model can accurately   predict the number of remaining faults in the open-source software and   be used for actual open-source software reliability evaluation.",10.3390/app14020708
1061,Article,An empirical examination of newcomer contribution costs in established   OSS communities: a knowledge-based perspective,"PurposeTo remain sustainable, open source software (OSS) projects must   attract new members-or newcomers-who make contributions. In this paper,   the authors develop a set of hypotheses based on the knowledge barriers   framework that examines how OSS communities can encourage contributions   from newcomers.Design/methodology/approachEmploying longitudinal data   from the source code repositories of 232 OSS projects over a two-year   period, the authors employ a Poisson-based mixed model to test how   community characteristics, such as the main drivers of knowledge-based   costs, relate to newcomers' contributions.FindingsThe results indicate   that community characteristics, such as programming language choice,   documentation effort and code structure instability, are the main   drivers of knowledge-based contribution costs. The findings also suggest   that managing these costs can result in more inclusive OSS communities,   as evidenced by the number of contributing newcomers; the authors   highlight the importance of maintaining documentation efforts for OSS   communities.Originality/valueThis paper assumes that motivational   factors are a necessary but insufficient condition for newcomer   participation in OSS projects and that the cost to participation should   be considered. Using the knowledge barriers framework, this paper   identifies the main knowledge-based costs that hinder newcomer   participation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first   empirical study that does not limit data collection to a single hosting   platform (e.g., SourceForge), which improves the generalizability of the   findings.",10.1108/INTR-08-2022-0594
1065,Article,An open GNSS spoofing data repository: characterization and impact   analysis with FGI-GSRx open-source software-defined receiver,"Spoofing is becoming a prevalent threat to the users of Global   Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It is important to deepen our   understanding of spoofing attacks and develop resilient techniques to   effectively combat this threat. Detecting and mitigating these attacks   requires thorough testing, typically conducted in a laboratory   environment through the establishment of a spoofing test-bed. The   complexity, cost and resource demands of creating such a test-bed   underscore the necessity of utilizing openly available datasets. To   address this need, this paper introduces a new GNSS spoofing data   repository from Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) named   hereafter as `FGI-SpoofRepo'. This data repository consists of raw   In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) data of live recordings of GPS L1 C/A,   Galileo E1, GPS L5, and Galileo E5a signals. These datasets encompass   three distinct types of spoofing characteristics (synchronous,   asynchronous, and meaconing), making them very useful example candidates   of open data for testing the performance of any anti-spoofing techniques   (be it detection or mitigation). The inclusion of live signals in   multiple GNSS frequencies and the presence of cryptographic signatures   in Galileo E1 signal make these datasets potential benchmarks for   assessing the resilience performance of multi-frequency   multi-constellation receivers. The analysis of the datasets is carried   out with an open-source MATLAB-based software-defined receiver,   FGI-GSRx. An updated version of FGI-GSRx, equipped with the necessary   modifications for processing and analyzing the new datasets, is released   alongside the datasets. Therefore, the GNSS research community can   utilize the open-source FGI-GSRx or any third-party SDR to process the   publicly available raw I/Q data for implementation, testing and   validation of any new anti-spoofing technique. The results show that   time-synchronous spoofing seamlessly takes over positioning solution,   while time-asynchronous spoofing acts as noise or in some cases,   completely prevent the receiver from providing a positioning solution.   Signal re-acquisition during an ongoing spoofing attack (cold start),   the receiver tends to lock onto the spoofing signal with the highest   peak, posing a potential threat to GNSS receivers without assisted   information. Overall, this research aims to advance the understanding of   complex spoofing attacks on GNSS signals, providing insight into   enhancing resilience in navigation systems.",10.1007/s10291-024-01719-2
1066,Article,Analysis of the Damped Oscillations of a Homemade Torsion Pendulum Using   the Free Software Tracker During Remote Teaching,"Teaching damped simple harmonic motion (shm) is a pedagogical challenge   that requires additional strat-egies for the teaching and learning   process of the associated physical concepts and mathematical structures,   thus representing a greater effort in a non-face-to-face mode. A   pedagogical guide for remote work was implemented, based on the homemade   torsion pendulum model, supported by computational, digital, and ict   tools for the study of damped shm. The experiment was conducted with   three cohorts of second-year Physics students. It was demon-strated that   the torsion pendulum is a valid model for learning concepts associated   with damped harmonic motion and for developing competencies in   experimental work.",10.18359/ravi.7028
1067,Article,Analyzing FOSS license usage in publicly available software at scale via   the SWH-analytics framework,"The Software Heritage (SWH) dataset represents an invaluable source of   open-source code as it aims to collect, preserve, and share all publicly   available software in source code form ever produced by humankind.   Although designed to archive deduplicated small files thanks to the use   of a Merkle tree as the underlying data structure, querying the SWH   dataset presents challenges due to the nature of these structures, which   organize content based on hash values rather than any locality   principle. The magnitude of the repository, coupled with the   resource-intensive nature of the download process, highlights the need   for specialized infrastructure and computational resources to   effectively handle and study the extensive dataset housed within SWH.   Currently, there is a lack of infrastructures specifically tailored for   running analytics on the SWH dataset, leaving users to handle these   issues manually. To address these challenges, we implemented the   SWH-Analytics (SWHA) framework, a development environment that   transparently runs custom analytic applications on publicly available   software data preserved over time by SWH. Specifically, this work shows   how SWHA can be effectively exploited to study usage patterns of free   and open-source software licenses, highlighting the need to improve   license literacy among developers.",10.1007/s11227-024-06069-x
1068,InProceedings,Analyzing Women's Contributions to Open-Source Software Projects based   on Large Language Models,"Open-source software (OSS) enables users to access, modify, distribute   software based on open-source licenses, serving as vital digital   infrastructure. Notably, GitHub stands out as a prominent OSS community,   with 94 million developers engaged in projects by 2022. However,   accurately assessing women's contributions in OSS encounters challenges   due to limited gender data. To address this, we propose an innovative   method that employs the Large-Language-Model (LLM), ChatLM2. This   LLM-based approach allows cross-lingual analysis of women's involvement   and quantitatively assesses their impact on OSS projects. The study aims   to uncover gender disparities and encourage greater participation of   female developers in the open-source realm. The article is structured   with sections on research methods, design, LLM-based gender detection,   women's participation, impact assessment, implications, and future   research.",10.1109/CSCWD61410.2024.10580385
1069,Article,Application of fuzzy Delphi technique to identify analytical lenses for   determining the preparation of free and open source software projects   for user experience maturity,"User eXperience (UX) significantly influences the success of free and   open source software (FOSS) projects and is measured using UX capability   maturity models (UXCMMs). Every organization desires higher levels of UX   maturity; however, it requires upfront preparations and process quality   control. Harmonizing processes and analytical lenses for determining   preparation for UX maturity are still challenging, and studies to create   them are limited. The analysis is ad hoc and based on the actors ` will   and experiences. This study proposes and validates analytical lenses.   Findings show that UX experts agreed that the lenses could be used with   a consensus percentage of 81 \\%, the threshold value (d) = 0.112, and   crisp values greater than alpha-cut = 0.5. On validation, 47.57 \\% of   stakeholders agreed, and 52.43 \\% strongly agreed they were relevant.   Results help evaluate the status quo and change culture and policies   toward ideal preparation. Two areas are suggested for future research.",10.1016/j.scico.2024.103136
1071,InProceedings,Architectural Views: The State of Practice in Open-Source Software   Projects,"Context: Architectural views serve as fundamental artefacts for   designing and communicating software architectures. In the context of   collaborative software development, producing sound architectural   documentation, where architectural views play a central role, is a   crucial aspect for effective teamwork. Despite their importance, the use   of architectural views in open-source projects to date remains only   marginally explored.   Goal: We aim at conducting a comprehensive analysis on an extensive   corpus of open-source architectural views. The goal is to understand (i)   what the ``history{''} of architectural views is, (ii) how architectural   views are represented, and (iii) what architectural views are used for   in the context of open-source projects.   Methods: We leverage a software repository mining process to   systematically construct a dataset of 15k architectural views. Then, we   perform (i) a quantitative analysis on the metadata of all 15k views and   (ii) a qualitative analysis on a statistically-relevant sample of 373   views.   Results: Most projects rely on a single architectural view, which is   often used to document a medium or high level description of the   architecture. Views are usually created at either the beginning or at   the end of a project, are rarely updated, and tend to be maintained by a   single contributor. Views usually adopt an informal colored notation   without a supporting legend and frequently report technologies used.   Deployment and control flow are the most recurrent viewpoints, and   commonly cover concerns related to software maintainability and   functional suitability.   Conclusion: The state of the practice about architectural views in   open-source software systems seems to favor informal descriptions.   Despite this, the effort needed to create views might hinder keeping   views up to date, and a common syntactic ground between viewpoints seems   hard to find. To address current needs, we speculate that a solution   could lie in defining and popularizing versionable, templateable views   that can be integrated in collaborative programming environments.",10.1007/978-3-031-70797-1\\_27
1072,InProceedings,Architectural Views: The State of&nbsp;Practice in&nbsp;Open-Source Software Projects,"Context: Architectural views serve as fundamental artefacts for designing and communicating software architectures. In the context of collaborative software development, producing sound architectural documentation, where architectural views play a central role, is a crucial aspect for effective teamwork. Despite their importance, the use of architectural views in open-source projects to date remains only marginally explored.Goal: We aim at conducting a comprehensive analysis on an extensive corpus of open-source architectural views. The goal is to understand (i) what the “history” of architectural views is, (ii) how architectural views are represented, and (iii) what architectural views are used for in the context of open-source projects.Methods: We leverage a software repository mining process to systematically construct a dataset of 15k architectural views. Then, we perform (i) a quantitative analysis on the metadata of all 15k views and (ii) a qualitative analysis on a statistically-relevant sample of 373 views.Results: Most projects rely on a single architectural view, which is often used to document a medium or high level description of the architecture. Views are usually created at either the beginning or at the end of a project, are rarely updated, and tend to be maintained by a single contributor. Views usually adopt an informal colored notation without a supporting legend and frequently report technologies used. Deployment and control flow are the most recurrent viewpoints, and commonly cover concerns related to software maintainability and functional suitability.Conclusion: The state of the practice about architectural views in open-source software systems seems to favor informal descriptions. Despite this, the effort needed to create views might hinder keeping views up to date, and a common syntactic ground between viewpoints seems hard to find. To address current needs, we speculate that a solution could lie in defining and popularizing versionable, templateable views that can be integrated in collaborative programming environments.",10.1007/978-3-031-70797-1_27
1073,InProceedings,Assessing Maintainability Risks in the Open Source Software Supply   Chain: An Empirical Quality Approach{*},"The maintainability of open-source supply chain software is crucial for   ensuring the security and efficiency of software systems. This research   will focus on this area by identifying, quantifying, and validating   specific maintainability indicators. Through a structured literature   review, empirical surveys, and comparative analyses of projects like   webpack and babel, the study develops a comprehensive set of metrics,   including team health, project activity, and others. These metrics are   quantified and validated, as demonstrated in a case study on AngularJs.   The outcomes provide a novel framework for evaluating maintainability in   open-source software, offering essential insights for sustainable   development and maintenance within the complex environment of software   supply chains.",10.1109/COMPSAC61105.2024.00039
1075,InProceedings,Assessing Open Source Software Survivability using Kaplan-Meier Survival   Function and Polynomial Regression,"This study evaluates OSS project survivability using the Kaplan-Meier   Survival Function and polynomial regression models. The key factors   identified include the number of contributors and project popularity,   which significantly influence survivability. Traditional indicators like   project age do not directly correlate with OSS survivability. Instead,   community engagement and recognition are crucial, offering valuable   guidelines for managing and selecting Survivable OSS projects.",10.1145/3691620.3695333
1078,Article,"Association between acculturation, dental floss use, dental visits and   unmet dental needs among Asians in the United States: Findings from   National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018","ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to examine the associations   between acculturation and dental floss, regular dental visits and unmet   dental care needs among Asian Americans, as well as the moderating   effects of these associations.MethodsThis study analysed national   representative samples from the National Health and Nutrition   Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. A total of 2763 Asian Americans   aged 20 and older were included in this analysis. The primary predictor,   acculturation score, was determined by three questions: (i) language   spoken at home (higher score for English), (ii) country of birth (higher   score for United States) and (iii) length of time in the United States.   Dental floss use, dental visits and unmet dental care needs were   included as outcomes in this study. Descriptive statistics and logistic   regressions were used to analyse the samples.ResultsAcculturation was   significantly associated with dental health behaviours: Individuals with   higher levels of acculturation were more likely than less acculturated   individuals to use dental floss (81.0\\% vs. 63.9\\%, respectively) and   visit the dentist regularly (76.7\\% vs. 66.9\\% respectively). Insurance   status moderated the association between acculturation and dental   visits: Acculturation was significantly associated with dental visits in   the past year among insured individuals (OR = 1.70, 95\\% CI: 1.29-2.23),   but not among uninsured individuals. Unmet dental care needs were   present in 11.1\\% of participants. While costs and insurance were the   top two determinants of access to care, individuals with and without   insurance differed with regard to their third major reason for unmet   dental care needs: Being `too busy' and not wanting to spend money on   dental care.ConclusionsAmong the Asian population in the United States,   those with high acculturation scores were more likely to engage in   dental flossing and visit the dentist regularly compared to those Asians   with lower acculturation scores. To encourage dental flossing and   regular dental visits among Asians with lower acculturation scores,   cultural adaptation and language accessibility suggests being   considered. Future research is necessary to confirm the moderating   effect of insurance status on the association between acculturation and   regular dental visits. Additionally, our findings emphasize the impact   of costs and insurance on access to dental care among Asians in the   United States, highlighting the importance of future public health   programmes in addressing these barriers.",10.1111/cdoe.12906
1079,Article,Automation of System Security Vulnerabilities Detection Using   Open-Source Software,"Cybersecurity failures have become increasingly detrimental to   organizations worldwide, impacting their finances, operations, and   reputation. This issue is worsened by the scarcity of cybersecurity   professionals. Moreover, the specialization required for cybersecurity   expertise is both costly and time-consuming. In light of these   challenges, this study has concentrated on automating cybersecurity   processes, particularly those pertaining to continuous vulnerability   detection. A cybersecurity vulnerability scanner was developed, which is   freely available to the community and does not necessitate any prior   expertise from the operator. The effectiveness of this tool was   evaluated by IT companies and systems engineers, some of whom had no   background in cybersecurity. The findings indicate that the scanner   proved to be efficient, precise, and easy to use. It assisted the   operators in safeguarding their systems in an automated fashion, as part   of their security audit strategy.",10.3390/electronics13050873
1080,Article,BUSClean: Open-source software for breast ultrasound image   pre-processing and knowledge extraction for medical AI,"Development of artificial intelligence (AI) for medical imaging demands   curation and cleaning of large-scale clinical datasets comprising   hundreds of thousands of images. Some modalities, such as mammography,   contain highly standardized imaging. In contrast, breast ultrasound   imaging (BUS) can contain many irregularities not indicated by scan   metadata, such as enhanced scan modes, sonographer annotations, or   additional views. We present an open-source software solution for   automatically processing clinical BUS datasets. The algorithm performs   BUS scan filtering (flagging of invalid and non-B-mode scans), cleaning   (dual-view scan detection, scan area cropping, and caliper detection),   and knowledge extraction (BI-RADS Labeling and Measurement fields) from   sonographer annotations. Its modular design enables users to adapt it to   new settings. Experiments on an internal testing dataset of 430 clinical   BUS images achieve >95\\% sensitivity and >98\\% specificity in detecting   every type of text annotation, >98\\% sensitivity and specificity in   detecting scans with blood flow highlighting, alternative scan modes, or   invalid scans. A case study on a completely external, public dataset of   BUS scans found that BUSClean identified text annotations and scans with   blood flow highlighting with 88.6\\% and 90.9\\% sensitivity and 98.3\\%   and 99.9\\% specificity, respectively. Adaptation of the lesion caliper   detection method to account for a type of caliper specific to the case   study demonstrates the intended use of BUSClean in new data   distributions and improved performance in lesion caliper detection from   43.3\\% and 93.3\\% out-of-the-box to 92.1\\% and 92.3\\% sensitivity and   specificity, respectively. Source code, example notebooks, and sample   data are available at https://github.com/hawaii-ai/bus-cleaning.",10.1371/journal.pone.0315434
1081,InProceedings,"Benefits, Challenges, and Implications of Open-Source Software for   Health-Tech Startups: An Empirical Study","Health-tech startups are essential, as they provide cutting-edge   solutions to numerous healthcare concerns in the rapidly evolving   healthcare industry. They use various technologies to create solutions   that boost and advance healthcare systems and healthcare delivery.   Open-source software (OSS) technology has become an essential component   of startups' toolkits, providing various advantages, such as free access   to source codes and opportunities for innovation. Research on OSS in   healthcare startups is limited, so our study aims to investigate how   healthtech startups perceive the influence of OSS on product development   and to identify the challenges they face. To meet this objective, we   conducted an empirical study with six health-tech startups, using   semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysiswas performed on the   collected data to identify common themes and subthemes related to the   research objective. The findings showed that health-tech startups   benefit from the cost efficiency, scalability, and customization of OSS.   Open-source software tools, reshape development and promote efficient   code management, provide community support, and reduce costs. However,   they demand OSS knowledge, management of updates, regulatory compliance,   and heightened cybersecurity. Our study adds to the body of knowledge on   OSS and healthcare startups and the connection between them. We provide   recommendations for health-tech startups, such as embracing OSS tools   for their benefits, investing in education and training, and engaging   with the OSS community for comprehensive support in their product   development processes.",10.1007/978-3-031-53227-6\\_19
1082,Article,BioReactPy: An open-source software for simulation of microbial-mediated   reactive processes in porous media,"This paper provides a new open -source software, named BioReactPy, for   simulation of microbial -mediated coupled processes of flow and reactive   transport in porous media. The software is based on the microcontinuum   approach, and geochemistry is handled in a fully coupled manner with   biomass -nutrient growth treated with Monod equation in a single   integrated framework, without dependencies on third party packages. The   distinguishing features of the software, its design principles, and   formulation of multiphysics problems and discretizations are discussed.   Validation of the Python implementation using several established   benchmarks for flow, reactive transport, and biomass growth is   presented. The flexibility of the framework is then illustrated by   simulations of highly non -linearly coupled flow and microbial reactive   transport at conditions relevant to carbon mineralization for CO 2   storage. All results can be reproduced by openly available simulation   scripts.",10.1016/j.acags.2024.100166
1083,Article,Biophysical essentials - A full stack open-source software framework for   conserved and advanced analysis of patch-clamp recordings,"Background and Objectives: Patch-Clamp recordings allow for in depth   electrophysiological characterization of single cells, their general   biophysical properties as well as characteristics of voltage- and   ligand-gated ionic currents. Different acquisition modes, such as   whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in the current or voltage clamp   configuration, capacitance measurements or single channel recordings   from cultured cells as well as acute brain slices are routinely   performed for these purposes. Nevertheless, multipurpose transparent and   adaptable software tools to perform reproducible state-of-the-art   analysis of multiple experiment types and to manage larger sets of   experimental data are currently unavailable. Methods: Biophysical   Essentials (BPE) was developed as an open-source full stack python   software for transparent and reproducible analysis of   electrophysiological recordings. For validation, BPE results were   compared with manually analyzed single-cell patch-clamp data acquired   from a human in vitro nociceptor-model and mouse dorsal root ganglia   neurons. Results: While initially designed to improve time consuming and   repetitive analysis steps, BPE was further optimized as a technical   software solution for entire workflow processing including data   acquisition, data preprocessing, normalization and visualization and of   single recordings up to stacked calculations and statistics of multiple   experiments. BPE can operate with different file formats from different   amplifier systems and producers. An in-process database logs all   analysis steps reproducible review and serves as a central storage point   for recordings. Statistical testing as well as advanced analysis   functions like Boltzmann-fitting and dimensional reduction methods   further support the researchers' needs in projects involving   electrophysiology techniques. Conclusions: BPE extends beyond available   patch-clamp specific, open source - and commercial analysis tools in   particular because of reproducible and sharable analysis workflows. BPE   enables full analysis from raw data acquisition to publication ready   result visualizations - all within one single program. Thereby, BPE   significantly enhances transparency in the analytical process of   patch-clamp data analysis. BPEs function scope is completely accessible   through an easy-to-use graphical user interface eliminating the need for   programing language proficiency as required by many community   patch-clamp analysis frameworks and algorithms.",10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108328
1084,Article,Boosting Customers' Co-Creation in Open-Source Software Environments:   The Role of Innovativeness and a Sense of Community,"The increasing need for continuous innovation has given rise to a   substantial increase in co-creation initiatives. Since the co-creation   of value involves customers participating in the creation of product   offerings voluntarily and actively, this investigation tries to   understand what drives customers to participate in these co-creation   initiatives. To do so, this study employs a probabilistic sample of 683   users enrolled in Linux forums for open-source software distributions.   The path analysis and bootstrap samples revealed that customers who   exhibit a high innate innovativeness and feel that they belong in the   online community show a greater motivation towards platform exploration   and participation in co-creation. Moreover, the effect of this synergic   interaction on their co-creation participation was partially mediated by   the normative dimension of their intrinsic motivation, while the hedonic   dimension was not a strong predictor of co-creation contributions. This   study fills the voids in the existing literature by showcasing the   relevance of personal characteristics, beyond individual motivation, in   co-creation behavior.",10.3390/jtaer19030119
1086,InProceedings,Bridging Theory to Practice in Software Testing Teaching through   Team-based Learning (TBL) and Open Source Software (OSS) Contribution,"Curricula recommendation for undergraduate Software Engineering courses   underscore the importance of transcending from traditional lecture   format to actively involving students in time-limited, iterative   development practices. This paper presents a teaching approach for a   software testing course that integrates theory and practical experience   through the utilization of both TBL and active contributions to OSS   projects. The paper reports on our experience implementing the   pedagogical approach over four consecutive semesters of a Software   Testing course within an undergraduate Software Engineering program. The   experience encompassed both online and in-person classes, involving a   substantial cohort of over 300 students spanning four semesters.   Students' perceptions regarding the course are analyzed and compared   with previous, related studies. Our results are positively aligned with   the existing literature of software engineering teaching, confirming the   effectiveness of combining TBL with OSS contributions. Additionally, our   survey has shed light on the challenges that students encounter during   their first contribution to OSS projects, highlighting the need for   targeted solutions. Overall, the experience demonstrates that the   proposed pedagogical structure can effectively facilitate the transition   from theoretical knowledge to real-world practice in the domain of   Software Testing.",10.1145/3639474.3640081
1088,Article,CGF with Bio-Oss collagen as grafting materials for simultaneous implant   placement after osteotome sinus floor elevation: a prospective study,"BackgroundOsteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedure with   simultaneous implant placement is known to be an efficient procedure in   the atrophic maxilla, where bone regeneration is required the most. The   purpose of this study was to radiologically evaluate the efficacy of   using Bio-Oss Collagen with Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) as grafting   materials for OSFE with simultaneous implant placement in the atrophic   maxilla after one year of functional loading.MethodsA total of 126   implants were placed for 123 patients. Our inclusion criteria were   patients with Residual Bone Height (RBH) <= 5 whom underwent OSFE   procedure and simultaneous implant placement with different grafting   materials: Group A with no grafting materials, Group B with Bio-Oss bone   graft, and Group C with Bio-Oss Collagen with CGF. The Implants Survival   Rate (ISR) was the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome variables   included radiographic measurements assessed at four follow-up time   points, the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), and bone density (B).   Indicators of bone formation were compared at different time points.   Appropriate statistical analyses were conducted, with statistical   significance set at a P value of 0.05 for all tests.ResultsISR was 96\\%.   A significant positive relationship was found between RBH and ISR, {[}r   (126) = .359",10.1186/s12903-024-05320-4
1089,Article,COBRAPRO: An Open-Source Software for the Doyle-Fuller-Newman Model with   Co-Simulation Parameter Optimization Framework,"This paper presents COBRAPRO, a new open-source Doyle-Fuller-Newman   (DFN) model software package with an integrated closed-loop parameter   optimization routine. A key challenge in DFN model parameterization is   that parameters measured from cell tear-down experiments cannot be   directly used in simulations, and parameter identification is required   to accurately reflect real-world battery dynamics However, existing   open-source DFN codes lack the capability to perform parameter   identification and operate in open-loop mode. COBRAPRO addresses this   gap by implementing a systematic parameterization pipeline to accurately   determine parameters using battery current and voltage data. Concepts   from structural and practical identifiability are utilized to determine   parameters that can be fixed to their experimental values and parameters   that are suitable for optimization. In the parameter identification   process, particle swarm optimization is used to minimize the error   between experimental data and simulation results. Additionally, COBRAPRO   incorporates a robust method to determine consistent initial conditions   and utilizes a fast numerical solver for improved performance. We   demonstrate COBRAPRO's parameter identification framework on reference   performance test data obtained from LG INR21700-M50T cells. The   parameterized model is validated against driving cycle data, showing   good agreement between the experimental and simulation results.",10.1149/1945-7111/ad7292
1090,Article,"Characterization of Organosulfates (OSs) in typical urban areas in   Eastern China: Source, Process, and Volatility","Organosulfates (OSs) are an important component of secondary organic   aerosols (SOA), accounting for similar to 30\\% of total organic aerosol.   In this study, OSs in eastern China were investigated to understand   their diurnal evolution, source, and volatility using high-resolution   mass spectrometry. In polluted days, we identified a total of 5,147   organic molecules, including 1,206 OS molecules. The average molecular   weight (m.w.) and carbon chain length of OSs in this study exceeded the   commonly recognized range (500 Da). OSs were mostly composed of newly   formed low oxidation state compounds as well as aged aliphatic and   aromatic ones. The number and abundance of aromatic and aliphatic OSs   with low saturation, volatility, O/C-w as well as H/C-w increased   greatly with rising PM2.5 concentrations. The daytime photo-oxidation   resulted in a large number of high m.w. (HMW, > 500 Da) OSs. OSs with   m.w. <500 Da, and many oxygen atoms were newly generated during the   nighttime, mainly dominated by liquid-phase oxidation processes. The   result of OSs with higher m.w. and lower volatility was due to increased   dimerization and oligomerization. During pollution formatting, OSs with   small DBE values (between 0 and 6) appeared; meanwhile, the number of   highly unsaturated OSs with DBE > 7 (mainly aromatic OSs) increased by   about 34\\%. This study is useful for clarifying the secondary formation   and properties of HMW OSs in a polluted environment in China.",10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107258
1091,Article,Characterizing Usability Issue Discussions in Open Source Software Projects,"Usability is a crucial factor but one of the most neglected concerns in open source software (OSS). While far from an ideal approach, a common practice that OSS communities adopt to collaboratively address usability is through discussions on issue tracking systems (ITSs). However, there is little knowledge about the extent to which OSS community members engage in usability issue discussions, the aspects of usability they frequently target, and the characteristics of their collaboration around usability issue discussions. This knowledge is important for providing practical recommendations and research directions to better support OSS communities in addressing this important topic and improve OSS usability in general. To help achieve this goal, we performed an extensive empirical study on issues discussed in five popular OSS applications: three data science notebook projects (Jupyter Lab, Google Colab, and CoCalc) and two code editor projects (VSCode and Atom). Our results indicated that while usability issues are extensively discussed in the OSS projects, their scope tended to be limited to efficiency and aesthetics. Additionally, these issues are more frequently posted by experienced community members and display distinguishable characteristics, such as involving more visual communication and more participants. Our results provide important implications that can inform the OSS practitioners to better engage the community in usability issue discussion and shed light on future research efforts toward collaboration techniques and tools for discussing niche topics in diverse communities, such as the usability issues in the OSS context.",10.1145/3637307
1092,Article,Classification of open source software bug report based on transfer learning,"Currently, the feature richness of text encoding vectors in the bug report classification model based on deep learning is limited by the size of the domain dataset and the quality of the text. However, it is difficult to further enrich the features of text encoding vectors. At the same time, most existing bug report classification methods ignore the submitter's personal information. To solve these problems, we construct nine personal information characteristics of bug report submitters in GitHub by survey. Then, we propose a GitHub bug report classification method named personal information fine‐tuning network (PIFTNet) based on transfer learning and the submitter's personal information. PIFTNet transfers the general text feature vectors in bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) to the domain of bug report classification by fine‐tuning the pre‐training parameters in BERT. It also combines the text characteristics and the characteristics of the submitter's personal information to construct the classification model. In addition, we propose a two‐stage training method to alleviate the catastrophic changes in the pre‐training parameters and loss of the initially learned knowledge caused by direct training of PIFTNet. We verify the proposed PIFTNet on the dataset extracted from GitHub and empirical results prove the effectiveness of PIFTNet.",10.1111/exsy.13184
1093,InProceedings,Code Mapper: Mapping the Global Contributions of OSS,"Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has reshaped the software landscape. Software developers from around the world contribute to the development and maintenance of these projects. The geographic diversity within FOSS offers insights into community dynamics, collaboration patterns, and inclusivity. Despite the rich insights that can be gained from this geographic diversity, there remains a scarcity of research in this area. One possible reason for this gap in studies is the lack of tools that can identify and visualize the geographic distribution of contributions in OSS projects.We present Code Mapper, a tool that identifies the location of contributors in GitHub projects. To enable users to explore the global influence of their projects, Code Mapper visually presents the geographic distribution of project contributors. To accelerate future research in this area, we have deployed Code Mapper at https://codemapper.alwaysdata.net and have made our source code publicly available online. A demonstration of Code Mapper can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtARvrBJbVM.",10.1145/3639478.3640030
1094,Article,DISCURSIVE MODULATION IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: HOW ONLINE COMMUNITIES   SHAPE NOVELTY AND COMPLEXITY,"We study the development of two open source software (OSS) web   frameworks to understand how OSS communities shape software novelty and   complexity in the absence of strong organizational hierarchies. We   examine how projects engage in distinct ``discursive modulation   practices{''} to imprint the community's shared core doctrines and   design principles onto the software thereby shaping its novelty and   complexity. We borrow the concept of modulation from audio synthesis to   explain how a preexisting signal-in our case, the ongoing community   discourse-is modulated to produce varying sounds-in our case, the   novelty and complexity of the software. The concept of modulation offers   a lens to understand how emergent, community-wide development activities   are influenced by filtering discursive positions and mixing those   positions, thereby shaping the artifact's novelty and complexity. Our   research shows that the modulation of novelty exhibits a range from   ``proximal{''} to ``distal{''} searches for new features, while the   modulation of complexity varies between ``integration{''} and   ``deprecation.{''} By drawing on these concepts, we formulate a theory   that explains how modulation results in alternative OSS community   approaches to shaping software novelty and complexity and how this   process reflects and is reflected in the resulting software artifact.",10.25300/MISQ/2023/16872
1095,InProceedings,DISTALANER: Distantly Supervised Active Learning Augmented Named Entity   Recognition in the Open Source Software Ecosystem,"As the AI revolution unfolds, the push toward automating support systems   in diverse professional fields ranging from open-source software to   healthcare, and banking to transportation has become more pronounced.   Central to the automation of these systems is the early detection of   named entities, a task that is foundational yet fraught with challenges   due to the need for domain-specific expert annotations amid a backdrop   of specialized terminologies, making the process both costly and   complex. In response to this challenge, our paper presents an innovative   named entity recognition (NER) framework (https://github.   com/NeuralSentinel/DistALANER) tailored for the open-source software   domain. Our method stands out by employing a distantly supervised,   two-step annotation process that cleverly exploits language heuristics,   bespoke lookup tables, external knowledge bases, and an active learning   model. This multifaceted strategy not only elevates model performance   but also addresses the critical hurdles of high costs and the dearth of   expert annotators. A notable achievement of our approach is its   capability to enable pre-large language models (pre-LLMs) to   significantly outperform specially designed generic/domain specific LLMs   for NER tasks. We also show the effectiveness of NER in the downstream   task of relation extraction.",10.1007/978-3-031-70381-2\\_20
1096,InProceedings,Dataset: Copy-based Reuse in Open Source Software,"In Open Source Software, the source code and any other resources   available in a project can be viewed or reused by anyone subject to   often permissive licensing restrictions. In contrast to some studies of   dependency-based reuse supported via package managers, no studies of   OSS-wide copy-based reuse exist. This dataset seeks to encourage the   studies of OSS-wide copy-based reuse by providing copying activity data   that captures whole-file reuse in nearly all OSS. To accomplish that, we   develop approaches to detect copy-based reuse by developing an efficient   algorithm that exploits World of Code infrastructure: a curated and   cross referenced collection of nearly all open source repositories. We   expect this data will enable future research and tool development that   support such reuse and minimize associated risks.",10.1145/3643991.3644868
1098,Article,Decision support in engineering design: the ELIGERE open source software   platform,"In engineering design, the selection of the optimal design solution   represents a critical phase for the development of successful products.   In this paper, we present ELIGERE, an open source decision support   system targeted at engineering design applications. It allows to rank   multiple design solutions with respect to different evaluation criteria   according to the evaluations provided by a group of experts. ELIGERE is   composed by three main modules: (1) a distributed web application, for   generation and participation to the decision making session; (2) a   mathematical engine, based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, to   quantify the results of the decision making session according to the   evaluation of the experts; (3) a relational database, to collect and   store data. The most important contribution of this paper is introducing   a practical and effective software tool that facilitates decision-making   analysis based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, thereby   allowing better-informed choices on concept selection, as it has been   designed with a specific focus on the engineering field. In this paper   we describe the key concepts of ELIGERE and its modalities of use in   several real use cases. Finally, we compare ELIGERE with the widely used   general purpose decision support software based on the fuzzy analytical   hierarchy process.",10.1007/s12008-023-01568-2
1099,InProceedings,Decomposing and Measuring Trust in Open-Source Software Supply Chains,"Trust is integral for the successful and secure functioning of software   supply chains, making it important to measure the state and evolution of   trust in open source communities. However, existing security and supply   chain research often studies the concept of trust without a clear   definition and relies on obvious and easily available signals like   GitHub stars without deeper grounding. In this paper, we explore how to   measure trust in open source supply chains with the goal of developing   robust measures for trust based on the behaviors of developers in the   community. To this end, we contribute a process for decomposing trust in   a complex large-scale system into key trust relationships,   systematically identifying behavior-based indicators for the components   of trust for a given relationship, and in turn operationalizing   data-driven metrics for those indicators, allowing for the wide-scale   measurement of trust in practice.",10.1145/3639476.3639775
1102,InProceedings,"Design, Fabrication, Testing and Validation of a Ruggedized Fiber Optic   Sensing System (FOSS) for Launch Application","Fiber-optic sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is desirable for   structural health monitoring and is used for various aerospace   applications such as measuring strain and temperature, where a single   optical fiber can multiplex hundreds of FBG sensors. The National   Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Armstrong Flight Research   Center (AFRC) (Edwards, California) has been developing an optical   fiber-based sensing suite called Fiber Optics Sensing System (FOSS) over   the past two decades. Successful strain monitoring flight demonstrations   such as the NASA Ikhana (General Atomics, San Diego, California)   remotely piloted aircraft and the X-56A Multi-Utility Technology Testbed   (Lockheed Martin Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland) remotely piloted   subscale aircraft have been performed. Interest in adapting fiber-optic   sensors for aerospace applications has led to commissioning the   development of a ruggedized FOSS system for spaceflight through the NASA   Launch Services Program (LSP) at the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC)   (Merritt Island, Florida).   In this paper, a ruggedized FOSS suitable for a launch environment is   discussed in detail. Thermal analysis and enclosure design will be   discussed as well as environmental testing such as shock, random   vibration, thermal vacuum, and electromagnetic   interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC). With all relevant   environmental testing completed, a ruggedized FOSS unit has successfully   passed all testing and is now deemed space-launch ready.",NA
1103,InProceedings,Digital Sovereignty and Open-Source Software - A Discussion Paper,"Digital sovereignty is an important goal in Germany's and Europe's   political agendas. To achieve this goal, the IT or OT systems' design,   the life cycle, and the digital ecosystems must be reconsidered. Our   research interest is the potential role of open-source software in   strengthening digital sovereignty. This idea paper discusses its risks   and potential contribution to digital sovereignty. It presents the   research idea and a research design.",10.1007/978-3-031-60433-1\\_22
1105,InProceedings,DistALANER: Distantly Supervised Active Learning Augmented Named Entity Recognition in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Open Source Software Ecosystem,"As the AI revolution unfolds, the push toward automating support systems in diverse professional fields ranging from open-source software to healthcare, and banking to transportation has become more pronounced. Central to the automation of these systems is the early detection of named entities, a task that is foundational yet fraught with challenges due to the need for domain-specific expert annotations amid a backdrop of specialized terminologies, making the process both costly and complex. In response to this challenge, our paper presents an innovative named entity recognition (NER) framework () tailored for the open-source software domain. Our method stands out by employing a distantly supervised, two-step annotation process that cleverly exploits language heuristics, bespoke lookup tables, external knowledge bases, and an active learning model. This multifaceted strategy not only elevates model performance but also addresses the critical hurdles of high costs and the dearth of expert annotators. A notable achievement of our approach is its capability to enable pre-large language models (pre-LLMs) to significantly outperform specially designed generic/domain specific LLMs for NER tasks. We also show the effectiveness of NER in the downstream task of relation extraction.",10.1007/978-3-031-70381-2_20
1106,InProceedings,Do We Run How We Say We Run? Formalization and Practice of Governance in   OSS Communities,"Open Source Software (OSS) communities often resist regulation typical   of traditional organizations. Yet formal governance systems are being   increasingly adopted among communities, particularly through non-profit   project-sponsoring foundations. Our study looks at the Apache Software   Foundation Incubator program and 208 of the projects it has supported.   We assemble a scalable, semantic pipeline to discover and analyze the   governance behavior of projects from their mailing lists. We then   investigate the relationship of such behavior to what the formal   policies prescribe, through their own governance priorities and how   their members internalize them. Our findings indicate that a greater   amount of policy over a governed topic doesn't elicit more governed   activity on that topic, but does predict greater internalization by   community members. Moreover, alignment of community operations with   foundation governance, be it dedicating their governance focus or   adopting policy along topics seeing greater policy-making, has limited   association with project outcomes.",10.1145/3613904.3641980
1108,Article,EPIq: An open-source software for the calculation of electron-phonon   interaction related properties,"EPIq (Electron-Phonon wannier Interpolation over k and q-points) is an   open-source software for the calculation of electron-phonon interaction   related properties from first principles. Acting as a post-processing   tool for a density-functional perturbation theory code (Quantum   ESPRESSO) and WANNIER90, EPIq exploits the localization of the   deformation potential in the Wannier function basis and the stationary   properties of a force-constant functional with respect to the   first-order perturbation of the electronic charge density to calculate   many electron-phonon related properties with high accuracy and free from   convergence issues related to Brillouin zone sampling. EPIq features   include: the adiabatic and non-adiabatic phonon dispersion,   superconducting properties (including the superconducting band gap in   the Migdal-Eliashberg formulation), double-resonant Raman spectra and   lifetime of excited carriers. The possibility to customize most of its   input makes EPIq a versatile and interoperable tool. Particularly   relevant is the interaction with the Stochastic Self-Consistent Harmonic   Approximation (SSCHA) allowing anharmonic effects to be included in the   calculation of electron -properties. The scalability offered by the   Wannier representation combined with a straightforward workflow and   easy-to-read input and output files make EPIq accessible to the wide   condensed matter and material science communities.Program summaryProgram   Title: EPIqCPC Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10   .17632 /f2syws66d7 .1Developer's repository link: https://gitlab .com   /the -epiq-team /epiq Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language:   FORTRAN95External routines: BLAS (http://www /netlib .org /blas), LAPACK   (http://www .netlib .org /lapack), Quantum ESPRESSO (https://www   .quantum -espresso .org/), wannier90 (https://wannier .org/)Nature of   problem: Direct first principles calculation of quantities obtained via   linear response methods in solid-state systems, such as the deformation   potential, can be computationally demanding, hindering proper   convergence.Solution method: An interpolation scheme exploiting the   localization of the deformation potential in the Wannier function basis   and the stationary properties of a force-constant functional with   respect to the first- order perturbation of the electronic charge   density is implemented in EPIq. Within this approach it is possible to   calculate many electron-phonon related properties with high accuracy and   a low computational effort.",10.1016/j.cpc.2023.108950
1109,Article,Effectiveness of dental floss in the management of gingival health: A   6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial,"Objectives To evaluate, (i) if subjects submitted to a structured oral   hygiene training program (OHt) maintain adopted habits over 180 days   without professional guidance; and (ii) in perspective whether flossing   provides additional benefits to toothbrushing on gingival health.   Materials and methods Seventy-five adult subjects showing approximately   40\\% proximal gingival bleeding were randomized to receive OHt (1   session weekly over 8 weeks) using toothbrush and dental floss or   toothbrush alone. The subjects were then followed over 180 days without   professional guidance. Primary outcomes were mean interproximal Gingival   Index (GI) and GI = 2 (gingival bleeding). Mixed linear models were used   for the comparison between groups (p < 0.05). Results68 subjects   received OHt, 48 subjects completed the 180-day follow-up. Subjects   maintained adequate oral hygiene routines. Besides a reduction in   gingival inflammation, no alterations in gingival status were observed   among groups, subjects additionally instructed to use dental floss   showing a mean interproximal GI = 2 of 12.8 +/- 2.5 compared with 19.8   +/- 2.2 for subjects limited to tooth brushing alone. Conclusions OHt   intensive training promotes gingival health and maintenance lasting at   least 6 months without professional supervision reinforcing important   principles: (i) dental health professionals should dedicate time   training and motivating their patients to reach adequate self-performed   plaque control; and (ii) the adjunctive use of dental floss appears   essential to reduce interproximal gingival inflammation in subjects with   intact interdental papillae. Clinical relevance Dentists need to invest   time in training/motivating/engage their patients to achieve adequate   OH; adjunct flossing in subjects with papilla filling the interdental   space appears essential to reach and maintain gingival health.   Clinicaltrials.Gov(53831716.5.0000.5346). Trial registration The   protocol registration was filed May 9, 2018 (\\# 538,311,716.5.0000.5346)   on ClinicalTrials.gov. An NCT number (NCT04909840) was generated upon   completed registration.",10.1007/s00784-024-05693-4
1110,Article,Empowering High-Throughput High-Content Analysis of Microphysiological   Models: Open-Source Software for Automated Image Analysis of Microvessel   Formation and Cell Invasion,"PurposeThe primary aim of this study was to develop an open-source   Python-based software for the automated analysis of dynamic cell   behaviors in microphysiological models using non-confocal microscopy.   This research seeks to address the existing gap in accessible tools for   high-throughput analysis of endothelial tube formation and cell invasion   in vitro, facilitating the rapid assessment of drug   sensitivity.MethodsOur approach involved annotating over 1000 2 mm   Z-stacks of cancer and endothelial cell co-culture model and training   machine learning models to automatically calculate cell coverage, cancer   invasion depth, and microvessel dynamics. Specifically, cell coverage   area was computed using focus stacking and Gaussian mixture models to   generate thresholded Z-projections. Cancer invasion depth was determined   using a ResNet-50 binary classification model, identifying which   Z-planes contained invaded cells and measuring the total invasion depth.   Lastly, microvessel dynamics were assessed through a U-Net   Xception-style segmentation model for vessel prediction, the DisPerSE   algorithm to extract an embedded graph, then graph analysis to quantify   microvessel length and connectivity. To further validate our software,   we reanalyzed an image set from a high-throughput drug screen involving   a chemotherapy agent on a 3D cervical and endothelial co-culture model.   Lastly, we applied this software to two naive image datasets from   coculture lumen and microvascular fragment models.ResultsThe software   accurately measured cell coverage, cancer invasion, and microvessel   length, yielding drug sensitivity IC50 values with a 95\\% confidence   level compared to manual calculations. This approach significantly   reduced the image processing time from weeks down to h. Furthermore, the   software was able to calculate cell coverage, microvessel length, and   invasion depth from two additional microphysiological models that were   imaged with confocal microscopy, highlighting the versatility of the   software.ConclusionsOur free and open source software offers an   automated solution for quantifying 3D cell behavior in   microphysiological models assessed using non-confocal microscopy,   providing the broader Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering community   with an alternative to standard confocal microscopy paired with   proprietary software.This software can be found in our GitHub   repository: https://github.com/fogg-lab/tissue-model-analysis-tools.",10.1007/s12195-024-00821-2
1111,Article,Environmental effects on the experimental modal parameters of masonry   buildings: experiences from the Italian Seismic Observatory of   Structures (OSS) network,"The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the ambient dynamic behavior   of nine masonry buildings monitored by the Italian Seismic Observatory   of Structures (OSS). Addressing a significant knowledge gap affecting   this structural type, the study reveals how daily and seasonal   fluctuations in environmental factors have a notable influence on its   experimental modal parameters. A robust frequency-domain tracking   algorithm is first developed to identify and follow the evolution of   modal parameters over time, exploiting ambient vibration recordings   acquired at sub-daily intervals on the structures. The procedure is   systematically applied to the entire portfolio of case-study buildings   and, in the first year of training, integrated with measurements of   environmental parameters provided by nearby weather stations. The   multivariate regression analysis indicates that temperature variation is   the primary driver of the observed wandering of natural frequencies. The   frequency-temperature relationship shows a positive correlation above   zero degrees and, in several cases, a significant degree of nonlinearity   already present in low-frequency global modes. Simple predictive models   are proposed to address such nonlinear behavior, including freezing   conditions and accounting for internal heating during winter. Leveraging   these novel insights, the work develops strategies to improve the   efficiency of data acquisition protocols and training periods, enabling   the near-future extension of real-time condition assessment   methodologies to the entire OSS network.",10.1007/s13349-024-00847-0
1112,Article,Equation-based and data-driven modeling: Open-source software current   state and future directions,"A review of current trends in scientific computing reveals a broad shift   to open-source and higher-level programming languages such as Python and   growing career opportunities over the next decade. Open-source modeling   tools accelerate innovation in equation-based and data-driven   applications. Significant resources have been deployed to develop   data-driven tools (PyTorch, TensorFlow, Scikit-learn) from tech   companies that rely on machine learning services to meet business needs   while keeping the foundational tools open. Open-source equation-based   tools such as Pyomo, CasADi, Gekko, and JuMP are also gaining momentum   according to user community and development pace metrics. Integration of   data-driven and principles-based tools is emerging. New compute   hardware, productivity software, and training resources have the   potential to radically accelerate progress. However, long-term support   mechanisms are still necessary to sustain the momentum and maintenance   of critical foundational packages.",10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108521
1114,Article,Evaluation of Free Software Use in Learning Environments,"- Open-source software in the educational field aims to contribute to   rethinking a different learning strategy model. The goal was to assess   whether the use of open-source software can contribute to improving   learning environments in a higher secondary education institution in   Mexico. A quantitative, non-experimental, transactional, descriptive,   and correlational research method was employed. The results showed that   open-source software is a valuable support in developing new didactic   strategies. The findings revealed confidence among teachers in using   open-source software as a didactic strategy, and students considered   starting to use open-source software from the first semesters. This   research is original as open-source software supports the development of   new didactic strategies. The limitation was that teachers use   proprietary software, and it is likely more challenging for them to use   opensource software.",10.18421/TEM134-50
1115,Article,Evaluation of Peri-Implantitis Bone Defect Healing: Comparing the   Efficacy of Small-Particle Dentin and Bio-Oss in Bone Density   Attenuation,"Introduction: Peri-implantitis is a serious complication in dental   implantology that, if left untreated, may lead to implant loss and   systemic diseases. Effective regeneration of bone defects resulting from   peri-implantitis is crucial to maintaining the functionality of dental   implants. Purpose of the Study: The study aimed to compare the   effectiveness of fine-particle dentin and Bio-Oss in the reconstruction   of bone defects caused by peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: The   study included a comprehensive radiological assessment of changes in   bone density over time. Bone density was assessed using Hounsfield Units   (HUs) as a measure of bone attenuation, with radiological assessments   performed at 8- and 12-week intervals during the healing process. The   study included participants ranging in age from 30 to 65 years.   Fifty-seven patients were divided into three groups: 22 patients   received small-particle dentin, 15 received Bio-Oss, and 20 controls   without bone substitute material. Results: The fine-dentin group showed   a 20\\% increase in bone density after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while the   Bio-Oss group showed a 15\\% increase after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The   control group showed minimal changes in bone density (5\\% after 12   weeks), which was not statistically significant. Clinical evaluations   showed 95\\% successful integration in the fine dentin group, 85\\% in the   Bio-Oss group, and 70\\% in the control group. The fine-dentin group   showed a 20\\% increase in bone density after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while   the Bio-Oss group showed a 15\\% increase after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The   control group showed minimal changes in bone density (5\\% after 12   weeks), which was not statistically significant. Clinical evaluations   showed 95\\% successful integration in the fine-dentin group, 85\\% in the   Bio-Oss group, and 70\\% in the control group. Conclusions: Both   fine-particle dentin and Bio-Oss significantly improved bone density   compared to the control group. Fine-particle dentin is suitable for   immediate bone regeneration due to its rapid initial regeneration, while   Bio-Oss provides long-term support, ideal for maintaining implant   stability over a longer period of time. The results highlight the   importance of selecting appropriate bone replacement materials depending   on the clinical scenario to improve patient outcomes after dental   implant placement.",10.3390/jcm13164638
1116,Article,Event-Triggered Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Strict-Feedback Nonlinear   FOSs Subjected to Finite-Time Full-State Constraints,"In this article, an event-triggered adaptive fuzzy finite-time dynamic   surface control (DSC) is presented for a class of strict-feedback   nonlinear fractional-order systems (FOSs) with full-state constraints.   The fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are employed to approximate uncertain   nonlinear functions in the backstepping process, the dynamic surface   method is applied to overcome the inherent computational complexity from   the virtual controller and its fractional-order derivative, and the   barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is used to handle the full-state   constraints. By introducing the finite-time stability criteria from   fractional-order Lyapunov method, it is verified that the tracking error   converges to a small neighborhood near the zero and the full-state   constraints are satisfied within a predetermined finite time. Moreover,   reducing the communication burden can be guaranteed without the   occurrence of Zeno behavior, and the example is given to demonstrate the   effectiveness of the proposed controller.",10.3390/fractalfract8030160
1117,InProceedings,Everyone for Themselves? A Qualitative Study about Individual Security   Setups of Open Source Software Contributors,"To increase open-source software supply chain security, protecting the   development environment of contributors against attacks is crucial. For   example, contributors must protect authentication credentials for   software repositories, code-signing keys, and their systems from   malware.   Previous incidents illustrated that open-source contributors struggle   with protecting their development environment. In contrast to companies,   open-source software projects cannot easily enforce security guidelines   for development environments. Instead, contributors' security setups are   likely heterogeneous regarding chosen technologies and strategies.   To the best of our knowledge, we perform the first in-depth qualitative   investigation of the security of open-source software contributors'   individual security setups, their motivation, decision-making, and   sentiments, and the potential impact on open-source software supply   chain security. Therefore, we conduct 20 semi-structured interviews with   a diverse set of experienced contributors to critical open-source   software projects.   Overall, we find that contributors have a generally high affinity for   security. However, security practices are rarely discussed in the   community or enforced by projects. Furthermore, we see a strong   influence of social mechanisms, such as trust, respect, or politeness,   further impeding the sharing of security knowledge and best practices.   We conclude our work with a discussion of the impact of our findings on   open-source software and supply chain security, and make recommendations   for the open-source software community.",10.1109/SP54263.2024.00214
1118,InProceedings,FOSS CAD for the Compact Verilog-A Model Standardization in Open Access   PDKs,"The semiconductor industry continues to grow and innovate; however,   companies are facing challenges in growing their workforce with skilled   technicians and engineers. To meet the demand for well-trained workers   worldwide, innovative ways to attract skilled talent and strengthen the   local semiconductor workforce ecosystem are of utmost importance. FOSS   CAD/EDA tools combined with free and open-access PDKs can serve as a new   platform for bringing together IC design newbies, enthusiasts, and   experienced mentors.",10.1109/EDTM58488.2024.10511990
1119,Article,FOSS: Towards Fine-Grained Unknown Class Detection Against the Open-Set Attack Spectrum With Variable Legitimate Traffic,"Anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) are essential for ensuring cybersecurity. However, the security communities realize some limitations when they put most existing proposals into practice. The challenges are mainly concerned with (i) fine-grained unknown attack detection and (ii) ever-changing legitimate traffic adaptation. To tackle these problem, we present three key design norms. The core idea is to construct a model to split the data distribution hyperplane and leverage the concept of isolation, as well as advance the incremental model update. We utilize the isolation tree as the backbone to design our model, named FOSS, to echo back three norms. By analyzing the popular dataset of network intrusion traces, we show that FOSS significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Further, we perform an initial deployment of FOSS by working with the Internet Service Provider (ISP) to detect distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. With real-world tests and manual analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of FOSS to identify previously-unseen attacks in a fine-grained manner.",10.1109/TNET.2024.3413789
1120,Article,Financing A Free-for-All: Crowdfunding Open-Source Software,"This paper examines whether open-source software (OSS) provides unique   advantages in the entrepreneurial crowdfunding context. The economic   model for new ventures with business plans centered on OSS is often   counterintuitive to early-stage investors. On the one hand, the   non-restrictive OSS approach reduces the barriers to widespread product   adoption and collaboration; on the other, OSS is essentially a public   good, creating a scenario where anyone can appropriate value from the   product without compensating its creators. As such, an OSS approach can   dissuade investors primarily concerned with appropriating value for   themselves, making it difficult for early-stage OSS ventures to attract   investors. However, the rapid rise of crowdfunding has created a   communally minded investor base that might instead find OSS projects   enticing. We theorize that the attributes of OSS projects align with the   communal expectations of crowdfunding investors and thus create   supportive environments for OSS-based ventures. We illustrate this   alignment through the community-based resource mobilization framework   and suggest that the OSS approach yields greater investor trust, leading   to superior financing outcomes. Our mixed methods approach blends   archival analyses of Kickstarter data with a constructive replication   through a randomized experiment, providing consistent support that an   OSS approach can be advantageous in the crowdfunding context.   Can rewards-based crowdfunding open new doors to finance open-source   software (OSS) projects? Our research suggests that crowdfunding backers   are more likely to support OSS projects because they are perceived as   more trustworthy. While the economic principles of OSS can be   counterintuitive, OSS promotes widespread product adoption and   collaboration. This allows anyone to benefit from OSS. Our research   builds on the notion that crowdfunding, much like OSS, is a communal   endeavor. We leverage data from the rewards-based crowdfunding platform   Kickstarter.com and a controlled experiment, finding a connection   between projects that espouse the OSS approach and crowdfunding success.   The culmination of the two studies advances knowledge of the unique   preferences of crowdfunding backers and suggests that the crowdfunding   context is fertile ground to bring new insights into OSS-focused   start-ups.",10.1007/s11187-023-00867-y
1124,Article,Finite-time adaptive NN dynamic surface control for nonstrict nonlinear   FOSs subject to input dead-zone and full-states constraints,"This article focuses on a kind of nonstrict nonlinear fractional-order   systems (FOSs) suffering from state constraints and dead-zone input.   Meanwhile, a finite-time adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) approach   based on backstepping technology and approximation principle of radial   basis function neural network (RBFNN) is developed. To overcome the   problem of inherent computational complexity, a fractional-order filter   is applied to approach the virtual controller and its fractional-order   derivative in each step of the backstepping procedure. The barrier   Lyapunov function (BLF) is employed to handle the state constraints, and   finite-time stability criteria on the basis of fractional-order Lyapunov   method are introduced to prove the finite-time convergence of the   tracking error into a small region around the origin. It is shown that   all the solutions of the closed-loop system are bounded, while the state   constraints are satisfied within a predetermined finite time. Finally,   two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the   presented control scheme.",10.1080/23307706.2024.2381652
1125,Article,Free and Open-Source Software in Higher Education,"This paper explores the usage and awareness of free and open-source   software (FOSS) among university students attending several study   programs at the Faculty of Organization and Informatics (FOI) of the   University of Zagreb and the Faculty of Teacher Education (FTE) of the   University of Zagreb. Using the data collected via an online   questionnaire on the sample of 777 students and the descriptive and   inferential statistics, an analysis was carried out to determine whether   the respondents are familiar with the key features of FOSS, whether they   use some FOSS, whether they are aware of the advantages of FOSS, which   features of FOSS are the most important to them, and how they evaluate   the quality of FOSS. The data were analysed using the statistics FOSS   GNU PSPP and R. The research results show that 92.66 \\% of the   respondents use some kind of FOSS, 28.99 \\% are aware that they are   using FOSS with all its features, and the most important FOSS feature   for the respondents is that it is often cost-free. There are significant   differences in the respondents' familiarity with FOSS and the number of   FOSS operating systems users in terms of their faculty and gender. On a   scale from 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent), the respondents' rating of   FOSS reliability was 3.74, completeness 3.68, and overall quality 3.74.   The research results indicate the need for additional education of   students about FOSS, and its advantages and disadvantages.",10.15516/cje.v26i3.5932
1126,Article,"From Data to Design: Constructing Scapula and Hip Bone Through Online   Datasets, Open-Source Software and 3D Printers","Introduction Human skeletons and bones are essential for medical and   allied sciences students. Nowadays, it is becoming challenging to   procure bone legally, resulting in medical students' inadequacy of bone.   Plaster -of -Paris or resin bone models sold on the market are less   detailed than real bones. Aims and objectives This study aims to create   a three-dimensional (3D)-printed human bone model with free, open-source   software and fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printers, compare its   accuracy with the original bones and validate it with a textbook   description. Methods Scapula and hip bone models were produced using   open-source software 3D Slicer from computed tomography (CT) data from   the ``New Mexico Decedent Image Database{''}. After automated   segmentation, bones were edited manually with tools in a 3D Slicer   (https://www.slicer.org/) and Meshmixer software (Autodesk Inc., San   Rafael, California, United States) and 3D bone models were printed using   polylactic (PLA) filament. Results and discussions 3D digital models of   both bones were successfully created with the maximum possible accuracy   with an FDM 3D printer. A 3D digital replica of the scapula obtained   after segmentation retained most anatomical features except for the   glenoid cavity, as the head of the humerus obscured the glenoid cavity.   The 3D digital skeleton of the hip bone retained all anatomical features   except articulating surfaces, such as the acetabulum and auricular   surface ilium, which were obscured by the head of the femur and sacrum.   A few morphological features of both bones differed from the original   dry bone, and a few finer details were unclear in the iliac fossa and   ischium. After manual editing and post -processing, the final physical   model obtained has all the features. Conclusions We conclude that it is   possible to produce anatomically accurate models with the greatest   possible resemblance and accuracy to the original bones using free and   open-source data with an FDM 3D printer.",10.7759/cureus.60212
1127,InProceedings,From Models to Practice: Enhancing OSS Project Sustainability with   Evidence-Based Advice,"Sustainability in Open Source Software (OSS) projects is crucial for   long-term innovation, community support, and the enduring success of   open-source solutions. Although multitude of studies have provided   effective models for OSS sustainability, their practical implications   have been lacking because most identified features are not amenable to   direct tuning by developers (e.g., levels of communication, number of   commits per project).   In this paper, we report on preliminary work toward making models more   actionable based on evidence-based findings from prior research. Given a   set of identified features of interest to OSS project sustainability, we   performed a comprehensive literature review related to those features to   uncover practical, evidence-based advice, which we call Researched   Actionables (ReACTs). The ReACTs are practical advice with specific   steps, found in prior work to associate with tangible results. Starting   from a set of sustainability-related features, this study contributes   105 ReACTs to the SE community by analyzing 186 published articles.   Moreover, this study introduces a newly developed tool (ReACTive)   designed to enhance the exploration of ReACTs through visualization   across various facets of the OSS ecosystem. The ReACTs idea opens new   avenues for connecting SE metrics to actionable research in SE in   general.",10.1145/3663529.3663777
1131,Article,Geografiska rötter och politiska vingar: {Hur} klass och områden formar och sorterar oss utifrån politiska preferenser,"This study investigates how migration patterns between rural and urban areas relate to social class and political party preferences in Sweden, using data from the 2021 SOM survey. The analyses reveal that individuals from different backgrounds have distinct migration patterns. Individuals who grew up in rural areas but moved to cities have significantly different political preferences than individuals who grew up and still reside in rural areas. The results indicate that KD and SD mainly attract rural voters, while L, MP, M, and V primarily attract urban residents. Individuals with certain characteristics are likelier to choose specific types of residential areas and have political preferences typical for their area of choice. This suggests a geographical sorting of different groups into rural and urban areas and a geographic political divergence (in support of SD, KD) and convergence (in support of C, S, L, M) in party preferences.",NA
1132,Article,Governance of decentralized autonomous organizations that produce open   source software,"Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have found use in the   governance of open source software (OSS) projects. However, the   governance of an OSS producing DAO should match the particularities of   OSS production while also overcoming the existing challenges of   decentralized governance. The existing decentralized governance   frameworks do not include all the governance activities of OSS projects.   Therefore, this study presents a governance framework for DAOs that   produce OSS. The framework is built upon a total of 34 articles on DAO   and OSS governance. The framework was evaluated in three leading DAOs   that produce OSS. The evaluation underscores the significance of the   framework and proves the potential of the systematic categorization of   governance mechanisms. Finally, we list emerging governance practices in   various governance domains in this developing field.",10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100166
1133,Article,Guiding the way: A systematic literature review on mentoring practices   in open source software projects,"Context: Mentoring in Open Source Software (OSS) is important to its   project's growth and sustainability. Mentoring allows contributors to   improve their technical skills and learn about the protocols and   cultural norms of the project. However, mentoring has its challenges:   mentors sometimes feel unappreciated, and mentees may have mismatched   interests or lack interpersonal skills. Existing research has   investigated the different challenges of mentoring in different OSS   contexts, but we lack a holistic understanding. Objective: A   comprehensive understanding of the current practices and challenges of   mentoring in OSS is needed to implement appropriate strategies to   facilitate mentoring. Method: This study presents a systematic   literature review investigating how literature has characterized   mentoring practices in OSS, including their challenges and the   strategies to mitigate them. We retrieved 232 studies from four digital   libraries. Out of these, 21 were primary studies. Using this, we   performed backward and author snowballing, adding another 27 studies. We   conducted a completeness check by reviewing the references of the 4 most   relevant primary studies, which resulted in us adding 1 additional   study. We then conducted a full-text review and evaluated the studies   using a set of criteria; as a result, 10 papers were excluded. We then   employed an open-coding approach to analyze, aggregate, and synthesize   the selected studies. Results: We reviewed 39 studies to investigate the   different facets of mentoring in OSS, encompassing motivations, goals,   channels, and contributor dynamics. We then identified 13 challenges   associated with mentoring in OSS, which fall into three categories:   social, process, and technical. We also present a quick-reference   strategy catalog to map these strategies to challenges for mitigation.   Conclusions: Our study serves as a guideline for researchers and   practitioners about mentoring challenges and potential strategies to   mitigate these challenges.",10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107470
1134,Article,"Health and {Orchestration} of {Public}-{Sector} {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Ecosystems} {Roles}, rules and tools","In response to public IS/IT procurement challenges, many public sector organisations have ventured into establishing and orchestrating free and open-source software (FOSS) ecosystems. While these initiatives hold significant promise, they frequently encounter hurdles like poor productivity, leading to premature demise. This study explores activities that contribute to the long-term well-being of public-sector FOSS ecosystems, focusing on public-sector entities as orchestrators and keystone players. A qualitative multi-case study of three ecosystems was conducted, with data collected through interviews, participant observation, and analysis of online discussion forums. The study presents a model for health-sustaining activities in public-sector FOSS ecosystems. Orchestrators and keystone players are found to engage in health-sustaining activities through rulemaking, role creation, and tool provision, hinting at the explanatory potential of Activity Theory. Furthermore, the study identifies key challenges in orchestrating public sector FOSS ecosystems, such as institutional misalignment and conflicting policy frameworks, highlighting these as critical areas for future research.",NA
1136,InProceedings,Health-Analytics Data to Evidence Suite (HADES): Open-Source Software   for Observational Research,"The Health-Analytics Data to Evidence Suite (HADES) is an open-source   software collection developed by Observational Health Data Sciences and   Informatics (OHDSI). It executes directly against healthcare data such   as electronic health records and administrative claims, that have been   converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP)   Common Data Model. Using advanced analytics, HADES performs   characterization, population-level causal effect estimation, and   patient-level prediction, potentially across a federated data network,   allowing patient-level data to remain locally while only aggregated   statistics are shared. Designed to run across a wide array of technical   environments, including different operating systems and database   platforms, HADES uses continuous integration with a large set of unit   tests to maintain reliability. HADES implements OHDSI best practices,   and is used in almost all published OHDSI studies, including some that   have directly informed regulatory decisions.",10.3233/SHTI231108
1137,Article,How are decisions made in open source software communities? - Uncovering   rationale from python email repositories,"Group decision-making (GDM) processes shape the evolution of open source   software (OSS) products, thus playing an important role in the   governance of open source software communities. While these GDM   processes have attracted the attention of researchers, the rationale   behind decisions, that is, how decisions are made that enhance the OSS,   have not received much attention. This work bridges this gap by   extracting these rationales from a large open source repository   comprising 1.55 million emails available in Python development archives.   This work makes a methodological contribution by presenting a   heuristics-based rationale extraction system called Rationale Miner that   employs information retrieval, natural language processing, and   heuristics-based techniques. Using these techniques, it extracts the   rationale behind specific decisions (for example, whether a new module   was added based on core developer consensus or a benevolent dictator's   pronouncement). This work unearths 11 such rationales behind decisions   in the Python community and thus makes a knowledge contribution. It also   analyzes the prevalence of these rationales across all PEPs and three   sub-types of PEPs: Process, Informational, and Standard Track PEPs. The   effectiveness of our contributions has been positively evaluated using   quantitative and qualitative approaches (e.g., comparison against   baselines for rationale identification showed up to 47\\% improvement in   the most conservative case, and feedback from the Python steering   committee showed the accurate identification of rationales   respectively). The approach proposed in this work can be used and   extended to discover the rationale behind decisions that remain hidden   in communication repositories of other OSS projects, which will make the   decision-making (DM) process transparent to stakeholders and encourage   decision-makers to be more accountable.",10.1002/smr.2526
1138,Article,"Hydraulic Risk Assessment on Historic Masonry Bridges Using Hydraulic   Open-Source Software and Geomatics Techniques: A Case Study of the   ``Hannibal Bridge{''}, Italy","This paper investigates the impact of flood-induced hydrodynamic forces   and high discharge on the masonry arch ``Hannibal Bridge{''} (called   ``Ponte di Annibale{''} in Italy) using the Hydraulic Engineering   Center's River Analysis Simulation (HEC-RAS) v6.5.0. hydraulic numerical   method, incorporating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and   aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data for visual analysis. The   research highlights the highly transient behavior of fast flood flows,   particularly when carrying debris, and their effect on bridge   superstructures. Utilizing a Digital Elevation Model to extract   cross-sectional and elevation data, the research examined 23 profiles   over 800 m of the river. The results indicate that the maximum allowable   water depth in front of the bridge is 4.73 m, with a Manning's   coefficient of 0.03 and a longitudinal slope of 9 m per kilometer.   Therefore, a novel method to identify the risks through HEC-RAS modeling   significantly improves the conservation of masonry bridges by providing   precise topographical and hydrological data for accurate simulations.   Moreover, the detailed information obtained from LIDAR and UAV   photogrammetry about the bridge's materials and structures can be   incorporated into the conservation models. This comprehensive approach   ensures that preservation efforts are not only addressing the immediate   hydrodynamic threats but are also informed by a thorough understanding   of the bridge's structural and material conditions. Understanding rating   curves is essential for water management and flood forecasting, with the   study confirming a Manning roughness coefficient of 0.03 as suitable for   smooth open-channel flows and emphasizing the importance of   geomorphological conditions in hydraulic simulation.",10.3390/rs16162994
1139,Article,IPECM Platform: An open-source software for greenhouse environment   regulation using machine learning and optimization algorithm,"Protected agriculture has emerged as a key solution to address the   pressing issue of food scarcity. To enhance crop yield, environmental   regulation techniques have been widely employed in protected production.   However, the absence of user-friendly, data-driven tools for developing   regulation models remains a challenge. This study aims to propose IPECM,   an independent and user-friendly software platform for processing and   analyzing crop photosynthetic rate (Pn) data and formulating   environmental regulation targets. The platform provides functionalities,   such as Pn prediction model development, environmental regulation model   development and result visualization, supporting various machine   learning algorithms and regulation target obtaining algorithms. The   IPECM Platform's application is demonstrated through examples of light   intensity regulation for cucumber growth and CO2 concentration   regulation for tomato growth. The results showcase the software's   ability to handle photosynthetic data of any dimension, with the   established Pn prediction model achieving a coefficient of determination   of 0.98 and a root mean square error lower than 1 mu mol center dot   m(-2)center dot s (-1). The established regulation models can achieve   maximum Pn or optimal energy utilization efficiency according to user   requirements. IPECM Platform is an independent, automated, and   open-source software for protected environmental regulation modeling,   providing both the modeling process and results visualization. It offers   valuable services for protected agriculture research, eliminating the   need for programming knowledge.",10.1016/j.compag.2023.108564
1140,InProceedings,Identifying Affected Libraries and Their Ecosystems for Open Source Software Vulnerabilities,"Software composition analysis (SCA) tools have been widely adopted to identify vulnerable libraries used in software applications. Such SCA tools depend on a vulnerability database to know affected libraries of each vulnerability. However, it is labor-intensive and error prone for a security team to manually maintain the vulnerability database. While several approaches adopt extreme multi-label learning to predict affected libraries for vulnerabilities, they are practically ineffective due to the limited library labels and the unawareness of ecosystems.To address these problems, we first conduct an empirical study to assess the quality of two fields, i.e., affected libraries and their ecosystems, for four vulnerability databases. Our study reveals notable inconsistency and inaccuracy in these two fields. Then, we propose Holmes to identify affected libraries and their ecosystems for vulnerabilities via a learning-to-rank technique. The key idea of Holmes is to gather various evidences about affected libraries and their ecosystems from multiple sources, and learn to rank a pool of libraries based on their relevance to evidences. Our extensive experiments have shown the effectiveness, efficiency and usefulness of Holmes.",10.1145/3597503.3639582
1141,InProceedings,In Between Users and Developers: Serendipitous Connections and Intermediaries in Volunteer-Driven Open-Source Software Development,"Technology plays a pivotal role in driving transformation through grassroots movements, which operate on a local scale while embracing a global perspective on sustainability. Consequently, research emerged within Sustainable HCI, aiming to derive design principles that can empower these movements to scale their impact. However, a notable gap exists in contributions when addressing scalability of large free and open-source software (FOSS) projects.This paper aims to present our endeavors as action-oriented researchers with the voluntary-driven Foodsharing.de movement, focusing on a local community, the open-source developers and their connections. Within a community of 585,000 users and only a few developers that is dedicated to save and share surplus food, we explore the concepts of ‘intermediary experience’. We also introduce the notion of ‘serendipitous connections’, highlighting the unintentional yet beneficial associations that can arise from the collaboration between developers and users.",10.1145/3613904.3642541
1143,InProceedings,Incentivize Peer Review Without Rewarding: Using OSS-Like Citation Pull Request,"Scholarly communication is experiencing significant growth in publication volume. However, due to a lack of incentives, the current peer review system struggles to secure a sufficient number of diverse referees. Learning from the recent success in Open-Source Software (OSS) development, several alternative review models have been proposed, though none have focused on the mechanisms behind contribution-driven development. We introduce Push Citation, which combines a reversed citation with a revision to prior articles. Citation metrics incentivize article owners to perform reviews and encourage contributors to make suggestions. An experiment on workload balancing demonstrates that Push Citation is robust against the increasing demand for reviews and the uneven distribution of the burden. Potential drawbacks and countermeasures are also discussed.",10.1007/978-3-031-78090-5_10
1144,Article,"Inclusion Complex, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Silk   Floss Sheet Modified with ß-Cyclodextrin and Loaded with Herbal   Essential Oils as a Green Tissue","Nowadays, applying natural, biodegradable, non-toxic, and bioactive   materials is the first choice of food, biomedical, cosmetic, and textile   industries. Due to this reason, this research focused on the preparation   of a biomaterial sheet using natural material and with a low-cost   method. Firstly, a silk floss sheet (SFS) was prepared using the waste   cocoons by degumming, opening up, and finishing process. Afterward, the   biodegradable ss-cyclodextrin (ss-CD) was successfully grafted onto SFS   using citric acid (CA) through the pad-dry-cure method. Then, Iranian   herbal essential oils (Shirazi thyme and Dermaneh) were loaded into the   cavities of ss-CD molecules. Then, the samples were investigated using   SEM and elemental analysis. The inclusion complex formed between the   herbal essential oils and the ss-CD cavity (HEOs- ss-CD) was also   evaluated using high-sensitivity analyses of FTIR, XRD, and UV-Visible.   Furthermore, free HEOs and HEOs- ss-CD inclusion complex were assessed   for their ability to scavenge the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)   radical, and the results showed that the HEOs- ss-CD inclusion complex   can improve antioxidant activity compared to the free HEOs. The   antimicrobial activity of the prepared SFS was also determined against   Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by quality   and quantity methods. The results have shown that the modified SFS has a   high resistance against the mentioned microorganisms. In addition, the   SFS had no negative effect on the viability of the Vero cell line. It   seems that the ss-CD-SFS loaded with essential oils can be a good   candidate for biomaterial applications and controlled release systems.",10.1007/s12221-023-00403-5
1145,Article,Incorporation of small extracellular vesicles in PEG/HA-Bio-Oss hydrogel   composite scaffold for bone regeneration,"Stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as   promising nanomaterials for the repair of bone defects. However, low   retention of sEVs affects their therapeutic effects. Clinically used   natural substitute inorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) bone powder   lacks high compactibility and efficient osteo-inductivity that limit its   clinical application in repairing large bone defects. In this study, a   poly ethylene glycol/hyaluronic acid (PEG/HA) hydrogel was used to   stabilize Bio-Oss and incorporate rat bone marrow stem cell-derived sEVs   (rBMSCs-sEVs) to engineer a PEG/HA-Bio-Oss (PEG/HA-Bio) composite   scaffold. Encapsulation and sustained release of sEVs in hydrogel   scaffold can enhance the retention of sEVs in targeted area, achieving   long-lasting repair effect. Meanwhile, synergistic administration of   sEVs and Bio-Oss in cranial defect can improve therapeutic effects. The   PEG/HA-Bio composite scaffold showed good mechanical properties and   biocompatibility, supporting the growth of rBMSCs. Furthermore, sEVs   enhanced in vitro cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of   rBMSCs. Implantation of sEVs/PEG/HA-Bio in rat cranial defect model   promoted in vivo bone regeneration, suggesting the great potential of   sEVs/PEG/HA-Bio composite scaffold for bone repair and regeneration.   Overall, this work provides a strategy of combining hydrogel composite   scaffold systems and stem cell-derived sEVs for the application of   tissue engineering repair.",10.1088/1748-605X/ad7e6c
1146,Article,Influence of open-source software on Bangladesh academic library service   sustainability: a conceptual framework,Purpose- This research aims to develop a conceptual framework that   explores the influence of open-source software (OSS) on the   sustainability of library services within the context of academic   libraries in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach- The study uses a   comprehensive research methodology that includes literature review and   analysis to construct a robust conceptual framework. This study   investigates the various dimensions of OSS adoption and its impact on   library service sustainability. Findings- The research findings reveal   the critical factors and mechanisms through which OSS can positively   affect the sustainability of library services. This study identifies key   drivers and challenges associated with the adoption of open-source   solutions in the context of Bangladesh academic libraries. Practical   implications- The framework developed in this research offers practical   insights for academic libraries in Bangladesh seeking to adopt OSS   solutions. This study guides how to leverage these technologies to   enhance the sustainability of library services in a cost-effective and   efficient manner. Originality/value- This study contributes to the   academic literature by presenting a novel conceptual framework tailored   to the unique context of Bangladesh academic libraries. This study adds   value by addressing the specific challenges and opportunities related to   OSS adoption and its implications for library service sustainability in   this region.,10.1108/JICES-11-2023-0140
1148,Article,Interactive hygiene training using free open source software,"Objectives Regular hygiene trainings are an important way to refresh and   improve knowledge about hygiene measures and the prevention of   healthcare-associated infections. We aimed to develop an e-learning   course to allow healthcare workers (HCWs) to learn these contents   through a self-paced online format.Methods We developed an interactive   hygiene training for HCWs of a tertiary care hospital using different   content types of the HTML-5 package (H5P) plugin embedded into a   Moodle-based learning management system. We evaluated the course using a   short online questionnaire.Results We present various suitable topics   for online hygiene trainings as well as their implementation in an   e-learning course. Examples include content on hand hygiene indications   and techniques, information on multidrug-resistant organisms and other   current topics in infection control. HCWs reported high overall   satisfaction, perceived increase in knowledge, practical relevance as   well as good usability and comprehensibility.Discussion Currently   available commercial and non-commercial hygiene trainings present a   number of specific advantages but also drawbacks. The presented approach   combines the advantages of both approaches. The majority of the   presented content can be readily adapted to suit various hospitals and   care facilities or serve as inspiration for creating similar courses   while remaining cost-effective.Conclusion H5P course presentations are a   low-threshold, cost-effective way to implement digital hygiene trainings   in a wide variety of clinical settings.",10.1136/bmjoq-2024-002861
1149,InProceedings,Job Title Prediction as a Dual Task of Expertise Prediction in Open   Source Software,"Career path prediction is an important task in computational jobs   marketplace. Recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence   have imposed a huge recruitment demand on talents in the IT field.   Previous studies predict a talent's next job title solely based on her   past experience in the resume, which can lead to errors if the resume   contains fake information. With the popularity of open-source software,   we argue that the next job title can be predicted based on a candidate's   past expertise in the open-source community. On the other hand, the   career path can also affect the development of a talent's expertise.   Motivated by the observation, we propose to predict the job titles of IT   talents as a dual task of forecasting their expertise development in   open-source software. To solve the task, we design a dual learning model   DualJE that leverages both the data-level and model-level duality.   Experimental results show that DualJE is effective and performs much   better than comparative models. A replication package for this work is   available at https://github.com/DaSESmartEdu/DualJE.",10.1007/978-3-031-70381-2\\_24
1150,InProceedings,Job Title Prediction as&nbsp;a Dual Task of&nbsp;Expertise Prediction in&nbsp;Open Source Software,"Career path prediction is an important task in computational jobs marketplace. Recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence have imposed a huge recruitment demand on talents in the IT field. Previous studies predict a talent’s next job title solely based on her past experience in the resume, which can lead to errors if the resume contains fake information. With the popularity of open-source software, we argue that the next job title can be predicted based on a candidate’s past expertise in the open-source community. On the other hand, the career path can also affect the development of a talent’s expertise. Motivated by the observation, we propose to predict the job titles of IT talents as a dual task of forecasting their expertise development in open-source software. To solve the task, we design a dual learning model DualJE that leverages both the data-level and model-level duality. Experimental results show that DualJE is effective and performs much better than comparative models. A replication package for this work is available&nbsp;at .",10.1007/978-3-031-70381-2_24
1151,InProceedings,"LIG-OSS: Integrated Laser-Induced-Graphene Sensor and Open-Source   Silicon Chip for an Affordable and Robust Wearable Sensing System with   Precise Temperature, Humidity, and Strain Sensing Capability","This paper presents a multifunctional wearable sensing system that   integrates flexible Laser-Induced-Graphene (LIG) based sensors and an   Open-Source Analog Front-End (AFE) chip. The LIG sensors are fabricated   on polyimide (PI) Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) through CO2   infrared laser direct-write method. The LIG sensors provide repeatable   high-precision temperature sensing, humidity measurement, and strain   detection capability. The temperature sensing characterization shows the   resistive LIG sensor has a sensitivity of -0.0493 \\%/degrees C, the   linear fit R-square factors = 0.9973 across -40 degrees C to 125 degrees   C. The capacitive humidity sensor achieves a normalized response of   2260\\% at 95\\% relative humidity (RH). Our proposed AFE chip contains a   hybrid folded-cascode Operational Amplifier (OPAMP) with 92 dB gain and   12.5 MHz Gain Bandwidth Product (GBW), and a 14-bit 10 MHz Successive   Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR ADC). Designed   using open-source analog flow and fabricated in GF180 OpenPDK, the AFE   chip serves as a flexible and universal readout platform, adaptable for   various sensing applications. A real-time demonstration of finger   bending detection, with readings output by the AFE Chip, is performed to   validate the system functionalities and robustness. The temperature,   humidity, strain sensing capability provide by the wearable system are   attractive for personal healthcare application. This work underscores   the integration of the LIG sensors and the AFE chip, developed using   opensource tools which facilitate an affordable prototyping for a   multifunctional flexible wearable sensing system.",10.1109/NEMS60219.2024.10639937
1153,Article,Le rôle de la marque dans le business model des éditeurs de logiciels open source : une étude de cas,"Le business model des acteurs de l\\&rsquo;open source fait l\\&rsquo;objet d\\&rsquo;une attention particuli\\&egrave;re de la part des chercheurs. Toutefois, le r\\&ocirc;le qu\\&rsquo;y joue la marque est peu approfondi dans ces travaux. Nous proposons ici une \\&eacute;tude de cas, portant sur un petit \\&eacute;diteur open source, Xwiki, qui montre comment la marque peut jouer un r\\&ocirc;le crucial, \\&agrave;\\&\\#xa0;l\\&rsquo;articulation entre les deux piliers du BM que sont la cr\\&eacute;ation et la captation de valeur. Nous montrons ainsi qu\\&rsquo;un management synergique de la marque et de la communaut\\&eacute; de d\\&eacute;veloppeurs – en maintenant un degr\\&eacute;\\&\\#xa0;\\&eacute;lev\\&eacute; de contr\\&ocirc;le sur les deux – peut permettre d\\&rsquo;exploiter leurs compl\\&eacute;mentarit\\&eacute;s.Alternate abstract:The business model of open-source actors has received particular attention from researchers. However, these studies have not thoroughly investigated the role of branding in this area. Here we propose a case study focusing on a small open-source publisher, Xwiki, which demonstrates how branding can play a crucial role in articulating the two pillars of the business model: the creation and capture of value. We show that synergistic management of the brand and the developer community – while maintaining a high degree of control over both – can\\&\\#xa0;allow for exploiting their complementarities.Alternate abstract:El modelo de negocio de los actores de c\\&oacute;digo abierto ha\\&\\#xa0;recibido una atenci\\&oacute;n particular por parte de los investigadores. Sin embargo, el papel de la marca en esta\\&\\#xa0;\\&aacute;rea no ha sido investigado a fondo en estos estudios. Aqu\\&iacute; proponemos un estudio de caso, enfocado en un peque\\&ntilde;o editor de c\\&oacute;digo abierto, Xwiki, que demuestra c\\&oacute;mo la marca puede desempe\\&ntilde;ar un papel crucial en la articulaci\\&oacute;n entre los dos pilares del modelo de negocio, que son la creaci\\&oacute;n y la captura de valor. Mostramos que una gesti\\&oacute;n sin\\&eacute;rgica de la marca y la comunidad de desarrolladores – manteniendo un alto grado de control sobre ambas – puede permitir la explotaci\\&oacute;n de sus complementariedades.",10.59876/a-bbwn-wasa
1154,InProceedings,LiSum: Open Source Software License Summarization with Multi-Task Learning,"Open source software (OSS) licenses regulate the conditions under which users can reuse, modify, and distribute the software legally. However, there exist various OSS licenses in the community, written in a formal language, which are typically long and complicated to understand. In this paper, we conducted a 661-participants online survey to investigate the perspectives and practices of developers towards OSS licenses. The user study revealed an indeed need for an automated tool to facilitate license understanding. Motivated by the user study and the fast growth of licenses in the community, we propose the first study towards automated license summarization. Specifically, we released the first high quality text summarization dataset and designed two tasks, i.e., license text summarization (LTS), aiming at generating a relatively short summary for an arbitrary license, and license term classification (LTC), focusing on the attitude inference towards a predefined set of key license terms (e.g., Distribute). Aiming at the two tasks, we present LiSum, a multi-task learning method to help developers overcome the obstacles of understanding OSS licenses. Comprehensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed jointly training objective boosted the performance on both tasks, surpassing state-of-the-art baselines with gains of at least 5 points w.r.t. F1 scores of four summarization metrics and achieving 95.13% micro average F1 score for classification simultaneously. We released all the datasets, the replication package, and the questionnaires for the community.",10.1109/ASE56229.2023.00150
1155,InProceedings,Low-Cost Stretchable Sensor: Range Of Motion Evaluation With Open-Source   Software Validation,"Range of motion (ROM) analysis allows defining the functional state of a   joint and is crucial in healthcare field. This paper proposes the use of   a low-cost elastomeric strain sensor, employed to determine, as an   example of application, the ROM of the knee during a squat exercise. Its   validation was performed by using smartphone cameras to record video and   open-source portable software tools (OpenCap and Pose2Sim). The results   show that the sensor is capable of providing the joint angle with   appreciable accuracy, with a maximum error of about 4 degrees, falling   within the mean error of the validation tools, and a larger error only   for angles at the extremes of the analyzed range of motion. The sensor   thus represents a reliable alternative to costly video-based systems.   Moreover, its adaptability to non-laboratory environments makes it   suitable for various applications, including event detection and human   activity recognition.",10.1109/PRIME61930.2024.10559726
1156,Article,MEG3D--An Open-Source Software for DFN Model and 3D Numerical Manifold   Elements Generation,"Numerical manifold method (NMM) has shown its ability to solve   continuous and discontinuous deformation problems in a unified   framework. However, due to the complexity of geometry description and   the absence of a reliable 3D contact algorithm, the development of   3D-NMM still has a long-time challenge. In this study, an opensource   software named MEG3D to generate the numerical model for 3D-NMM is   developed. The MEG3D is a fast, light, and user-friendly interactive   software to identify geometry, generate joint networks, generate   structured finite mathematical mesh, cut blocks, and generate numerical   manifold elements (MEs). In this software, a new C++ programming   strategy with high modularization and good portability, and a novel data   storage format and data structure were used. Based on the OpenGL   library, real -time visualization and interactive interfaces were built.   Examples containing curve block cutting, discrete fracture networks   (DFN) model, soil-rock mixture slopes, complex shaped geometry, etc.   have indicated that the software is robust, efficient, and   user-friendly. This software can also generate models for the discrete   element method (DEM), discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), etc.   Therefore, the MEG3D can be used as a general pre-processing program for   3D-NMM and other blockbased numerical methods.",10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106383
1157,Article,MMIR: an open-source software for the registration of multimodal   histological images,"BackgroundMultimodal histology image registration is a process that   transforms into a common coordinate system two or more images obtained   from different microscopy modalities. The combination of information   from various modalities can contribute to a comprehensive understanding   of tissue specimens, aiding in more accurate diagnoses, and improved   research insights. Multimodal image registration in histology samples   presents a significant challenge due to the inherent differences in   characteristics and the need for tailored optimization algorithms for   each modality.ResultsWe developed MMIR a cloud-based system for   multimodal histological image registration, which consists of three main   modules: a project manager, an algorithm manager, and an image   visualization system.ConclusionOur software solution aims to simplify   image registration tasks with a user-friendly approach. It facilitates   effective algorithm management, responsive web interfaces, supports   multi-resolution images, and facilitates batch image registration.   Moreover, its adaptable architecture allows for the integration of   custom algorithms, ensuring that it aligns with the specific   requirements of each modality combination. Beyond image registration,   our software enables the conversion of segmented annotations from one   modality to another.",10.1186/s12911-024-02424-3
1158,Article,MSProfileR: An Open-Source Software for Quality Control of   Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Spectra,"In the early 2000s, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of   flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) emerged as a performant and   relevant tool for identifying micro-organisms. Since then, it has become   practically essential for identifying bacteria in microbiological   diagnostic laboratories. In the last decade, it was successfully applied   for arthropod identification, allowing researchers to distinguish   vectors from non-vectors of infectious diseases. However, identification   failures are not rare, hampering its wide use. Failure is generally   attributed either to the absence of respective counter species MS   spectra in the database or to the insufficient quality of query MS   spectra (i.e., lower intensity and diversity of MS peaks detected). To   avoid matching errors due to non-compliant spectra, the development of a   strategy for detecting and excluding outlier MS profiles became   compulsory. To this end, we created MSProfileR, an R package leading to   a bioinformatics tool through a simple installation, integrating a   control quality system of MS spectra and an analysis pipeline including   peak detection and MS spectra comparisons. MSProfileR can also add   metadata concerning the sample that the spectra are derived from.   MSProfileR has been developed in the R environment and offers a   user-friendly web interface using the R Shiny framework. It is available   on Microsoft Windows as a web browser application by simple navigation   using the link of the package on Github v.3.10.0. MSProfileR is   therefore accessible to non-computer specialists and is freely available   to the scientific community. We evaluated MSProfileR using two datasets   including exclusively MS spectra from arthropods. In addition to   coherent sample classification, outlier MS spectra were detected in each   dataset confirming the value of MSProfileR.",10.3390/informatics11020039
1160,Article,MYRIAM: Open-Source Software to Estimate Torque Variations Associated   With Plate-Motion Temporal Changes,"Tectonic plate motions are a prime constraint on lithosphere dynamics   and on the torques acting upon plates. Researchers typically test   hypotheses on the controlling torques via forward computer models, which   allow accepting or rejecting hypotheses on the basis of the fit of   model-output plate velocities to kinematic reconstructions. Such models   typically require a significant amount of input information (e.g.,   tectonic boundaries, structure of the lithosphere, lateral variations of   rheology, among others) to appropriately model the tectonic system, and   obtain sufficiently-realistic realizations of plate motions.   Alternatively, the inverse problem approach takes the difference between   the plate torque-balance at two distinct moments in time. This results   in an equation in which (a) torques that have not varied through time   are canceled out and (b) torques that instead have varied through time   are linked to the resulting plate-motion change through a term that   accounts for the plate shape and the rheology of the underlying   asthenosphere. This approach sacrifices the capability to describe the   different individual forces/torques acting upon a plate. Instead, it   focuses on determining torque temporal variations, which significantly   reduces the amount of input knowledge required. In this technical note   we introduce MYRIAM, an open-source software that implements such an   inverse approach. MYRIAM takes plate-motion temporal changes, and   outputs an estimate of the torque variation required upon a plate to   generate the input kinematic change. MYRIAM is released as an   open-source repository hosted at GitHub, complete with source code and   executable files for Windows and Unix-based operating systems. Plain   Language Summary The outermost layer of the Earth, known as the   lithosphere, is fragmented into plates that are in motion relative to   each other. Through geological history, the motion of tectonic plates   did not remain steady, and in fact important changes are now known to   have occurred relatively fast, within a few million years. By virtue of   Newton's laws of motion, these changes are all necessarily caused by the   variation in one or more forces acting upon the plates, and therefore   disrupt their force balance. Changing the motion of a plate is not an   easy feat-for plates it requires overcoming the frictional resistance   exerted by the underlying asthenosphere, a low-viscosity layer beneath   the plates. The resulting motion change will depend on (a) the   mechanical properties of the asthenosphere and (b) the amount of plate   surface interacting with said asthenosphere (i.e., the basal area of the   plate). All these considerations are taken into account by MYRIAM, an   open-source, computationally-inexpensive software that estimates the   force/torque variations required to produce a given change of plate   motion.",10.1029/2023GC011095
1161,InProceedings,Measuring the Effects of Stack Overflow Code Snippet Evolution on   Open-Source Software Security,"This paper assesses the effects of Stack Overflow code snippet evolution   on the security of open-source projects. Users on Stack Overflow   actively revise posted code snippets, sometimes addressing bugs and   vulnerabilities. Accordingly, developers that reuse code from Stack   Overflow should treat it like any other evolving code dependency and be   vigilant about updates. It is unclear whether developers are doing so,   to what extent outdated code snippets from Stack Overflow are present in   GitHub projects, and whether developers miss security-relevant updates   to reused snippets.   To shed light on those questions, we devised a method to 1) detect   outdated code snippets versions from 1.5M Stack Overflow snippets in   11,479 popular GitHub projects and 2) detect security-relevant updates   to those Stack Overflow code snippets not reflected in those GitHub   projects. Our results show that developers did not update dependent code   snippets when those evolved on Stack Overflow. We found that 2,405 code   snippet versions reused in 2,109 GitHub projects were outdated, with 43   projects missing fixes to bugs and vulnerabilities on Stack Overflow.   Those 43 projects containing outdated, insecure snippets were forked on   average 1,085 times (max. 16,121), indicating that our results are   likely a lower bound for affected code bases. An important insight from   our work is that treating Stack Overflow code as purely static code   impedes holistic solutions to the problem of copying insecure code from   Stack Overflow. Instead, our results suggest that developers need tools   that continuously monitor Stack Overflow for security warnings and code   fixes for reused code snippets and not only warn during copy-pasting.",10.1109/SP54263.2024.00022
1162,InProceedings,Mining Pull Requests to Detect Process Anomalies in Open Source Software Development,"Trustworthy Open Source Software (OSS) development processes are the basis that secures the long-term trustworthiness of software projects and products. With the aim to investigate the trustworthiness of the Pull Request (PR) process, the common model of collaborative development in OSS community, we exploit process mining to identify and analyze the normal and anomalous patterns of PR processes, and propose our approach to identifying anomalies from both control-flow and semantic aspects, and then to analyze and synthesize the root causes of the identified anomalies. We analyze 17531 PRs of 18 OSS projects on GitHub, extracting 26 root causes of control-flow anomalies and 19 root causes of semantic anomalies. We find that most PRs can hardly contain both semantic anomalies and control-flow anomalies, and the internal custom rules in projects may be the key causes for the identified anomalous PRs. We further discover and analyze the patterns of normal PR processes. We find that PRs in the non-fork model (42%) are far more likely than the fork model (5%) to bypass the review process, indicating a higher potential risk. Besides, we analyzed nine poisoned projects whose PR practices were indeed worse. Given the complex and diverse PR processes in OSS community, the proposed approach can help identify and understand not only anomalous PRs but also normal PRs, which offers early risk indications of suspicious incidents (such as poisoning) to OSS supply chain.",10.1145/3597503.3639196
1163,Article,Modeling and Simulation of Distribution Networks with High Renewable   Penetration in Open-Source Software: QGIS and OpenDSS,"There are important challenges in modeling large electrical distribution   circuits, especially with the presence of distributed renewable   generation. Constructing simulations to assess the effect of the   penetration of distributed generation on electrical distribution   networks has become of great importance for Distribution Network   Operators (DNOs). This paper proposes a simulation strategy based on   open-source platforms and the integration of scripting tools for the   rapid modeling of large-scale electrical distribution circuits with   distributed renewable generation. The implementation is based on the   adaptation of a tool called QGIS2OpenDSS, which creates OpenDSS   distribution network models directly from an open-source geographic   information system, QGIS. The plugin's capabilities are demonstrated   using a real distribution feeder with more than 60\\% penetration of   renewable generation based on photovoltaic systems. These simulations   are carried out using real data from a circuit provided by a DNO in the   Dominican Republic, which is used to demonstrate how this approach   provides a more accessible and flexible way to simulate and assess the   effect of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in medium voltage (MV) and   low voltage (LV) networks, enabling utilities to evaluate system   performance and identify potential issues. The integration of this   open-source tool within the DNO software stack enables users to apply it   according to specific project needs, enhancing their capability to   analyze and manage high DER penetration levels, aiding in better   planning, operation, and decision-making processes related to renewable   energy projects.",10.3390/en17122925
1164,Article,Modeling interconnected social and technical risks in open source software ecosystems,"Open source software ecosystems consist of thousands of interdependent libraries, which users can combine to great effect. Recent work has pointed out two kinds of risks in these systems: that technical problems like bugs and vulnerabilities can spread through dependency links, and that relatively few developers are responsible for maintaining even the most widely used libraries. However, a more holistic diagnosis of systemic risk in software ecosystem should consider how these social and technical sources of risk interact and amplify one another. Motivated by the observation that the same individuals maintain several libraries within dependency networks, we present a methodological framework to measure risk in software ecosystems as a function of both dependencies and developers. In our models, a library’s chance of failure increases as its developers leave and as its upstream dependencies fail. We apply our method to data from the Rust ecosystem, highlighting several systemically important libraries that are overlooked when only considering technical dependencies. We compare potential interventions, seeking better ways to deploy limited developer resources with a view to improving overall ecosystem health and software supply chain resilience.",10.1177/26339137241231912
1165,Article,Multilingual Investigation of Cross-Project Code Clones in Open-Source   Software for Internet of Things Systems,"The prevalence and impact of code clones in software systems have been   widely studied in the past few decades. However, the focus has primarily   been on intra-project clones. Our work comprehensively investigates   cross-project code clones in open-source software for Internet of Things   (IoT) systems across multiple programming languages. This work addresses   the prevalence of cross-project code clones in IoT systems and their   impact on software maintainability. We collected 122 IoT system   repositories in nine languages from GitHub and grouped them according to   their primary functionality in IoT systems. We used MSCCD, a   multilingual code clone detector to detect Type-3 code clones for each   group. The results show that cross-project clones exist in more than   30\\% of the projects, particularly in communication-related   functionalities. We tracked the historical evolution of these clones and   classified them according to the revision history and changing trend of   similarity. The results show that 95\\% cross-project clones are   untouched. Moreover, clones with decreasing similarities were over 72\\%.   Therefore, the same clone detector may no longer detect these clones. We   also investigated whether these cross-project code clones lead to defect   propagation by analyzing the commit message to determine the commits   that fixed a defect. We identified nine defect propagation instances, of   which seven remain unfixed. Our work contributes to understanding   cross-project code clones, highlighting the importance of automated   clone management tools for improving the quality and security of IoT   system software to mitigate the risks associated with unresolved defects   and inconsistencies in IoT software development.",10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3506013
1166,Article,NP<SUP>3</SUP> MS Workflow: An Open-Source Software System to Empower   Natural Product-Based Drug Discovery Using Untargeted Metabolomics,"Natural products (or specialized metabolites) are historically the main   source of new drugs. However, the current drug discovery pipelines   require miniaturization and speeds that are incompatible with   traditional natural product research methods, especially in the early   stages of the research. This article introduces the NP3 MS Workflow, a   robust open-source software system for liquid chromatography-tandem mass   spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) untargeted metabolomic data processing and   analysis, designed to rank bioactive natural products directly from   complex mixtures of compounds, such as bioactive biota samples. NP3 MS   Workflow allows minimal user intervention as well as customization of   each step of LC-MS/MS data processing, with diagnostic statistics to   allow interpretation and optimization of LC-MS/MS data processing by the   user. NP3 MS Workflow adds improved computing of the MS2 spectra in an   LC-MS/MS data set and provides tools for automatic {[}M + H](+) ion   deconvolution using fragmentation rules; chemical structural annotation   against MS2 databases; and relative quantification of the precursor ions   for bioactivity correlation scoring. The software will be presented with   case studies and comparisons with equivalent tools currently available.   NP3 MS Workflow shows a robust and useful approach to select bioactive   natural products from complex mixtures, improving the set of tools   available for untargeted metabolomics. It can be easily integrated into   natural product-based drug-discovery pipelines and to other fields of   research at the interface of chemistry and biology.",10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05829
1167,Article,OSS Sustainability Assessment Based on the Deep Learning Considering   Effort Wiener Process Data,"This paper focuses on the sustainability based on the effort by using   the fault big data of open source software (OSS). The fault detection   phenomenon depends on the maintenance effort, because the number of   software fault is influenced by the effort expenditure. Actually, the   software reliability growth models with testing-effort have been   proposed in the past. In this paper, we apply the deep learning approach   to the OSS fault big data. Also, we propose the reliability assessment   measure of sustainability. Then, we show several sustainability   assessment measure based on the deep learning. Moreover, several   numerical illustrations based on the proposed deep learning model are   shown in this paper.",10.1142/S0218539323500328
1168,InProceedings,On the Adoption of Open Source Software Licensing - A Pattern Collection,"In the evolving landscape of software development, the adoption of open-source software (OSS) licensing has emerged as a pivotal trend, reshaping the way organizations, developers, and users interact with software. The notion of open source, predicated on principles of collaboration, transparency, and accessibility, stands in stark contrast to proprietary models, offering a unique set of advantages and challenges. This paper presents a collection of thirteen patterns that underpin the adoption and implementation of OSS Licensing in various contexts. Five of these patterns are described in full as a first step of forming a proper pattern language in this domain: The Open Source License Selection pattern guides choosing the right license, supported by License Education to ensure stakeholders understand the implications. Permissive Licensing promotes flexibility and broad adoption, while Copyleft Encouragement maintains the openness of derivative works. License Enforcement ensures compliance with selected licensing, safeguarding adherence to its terms. The remaining eight patterns are listed as patlets. For OSS practitioners, these patterns provide a basis for a balanced approach to open-source license management, supporting openness while maintaining necessary controls.",10.1145/3698322.3698341
1169,InProceedings,Open Source Software Developers' Views on Public and Private Funding: A Case Study on scikit-learn,"Governments are increasingly funding open source software (OSS) development to enhance software security, digital sovereignty, and national competitiveness in science and innovation, amongst others. However, little is known about how OSS developers view the relative benefits and drawbacks of governmental funding compared to other funding sources. This study explores this question through a case study on scikit-learn, a Python library for machine learning, funded by public research grants, commercial sponsorship, micro-donations, and a €32 million grant announced in France's artificial intelligence strategy. Through 25 interviews with scikit-learn's maintainers and funders, this study makes two key contributions. First, it contributes empirical findings about the benefits and drawbacks of public and private funding for OSS developers, and the governance protocols employed by the maintainers to balance the diverse interests of their funders and community. Second, it offers practical lessons on funding for OSS developers, governments, and companies based on the experience of scikit-learn. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and practice.",10.1145/3678884.3681844
1171,InProceedings,Open Source Software Digital Sociology: Quantifying and Managing Complex Open Source Software Ecosystem,"Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystems have revolutionized computing and society. However, the complex nature of their formation and sustainability presents significant challenges for practitioners and researchers. To understand and manage these complex ecosystems, we propose the concept of OSS digital sociology, aiming to uncover the mechanisms behind OSS ecosystems. This tutorial will illustrate why OSS digital sociology, and the challenges and research achievements in this field.",10.1145/3643991.3649105
1173,InProceedings,Open Source Software Tools for Data Management and Deep Model Training Automation,"Designing and optimizing deep models require managing large datasets and conducting carefully designed controlled experiments that depend on large sets of hyper-parameters and problem dependent software/data configurations. These experiments are executed by training the model under observation with varying configurations. Since executing a typical training run can take days even on proven acceleration fabrics such as Graphics Processing Units (GPU), properly managing training data, avoiding human error in configuration preparations and securing the repeatability of the experiments are of utmost importance. In this paper, we present two open source software tools that aim to achieve these goals, namely, a Dataset Manager (DatumAid) tool and a Training Automation Manager (OrchesTrain) tool. DatumAid is a software tool that integrates with Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) to facilitate the management of annotated datasets. By adding additional functionality, DatumAid allows users to filter labeled data, manipulate datasets, and export datasets for training purposes. The tool adopts a simple code structure while providing flexibility to users through configuration files. OrchesTrain aims to automate model training process by facilitating rapid preparation and training of models in the desired style for the intended tasks. Users can seamlessly integrate their models prepared in the PyTorch library into the system and leverage the full capabilities of OrchesTrain. It enables the simultaneous or separate usage of Wandb, MLflow, and TensorBoard loggers. To ensure reproducibility of the conducted experiments, all configurations and codes are saved to the selected logger in an appropriate structure within a YAML file along with the serialized model files. Both software tools are publicly available on GitHub.",10.1109/ASE56229.2023.00014
1174,InProceedings,Open Source Software in Healthcare: International Case Series from the   IMIA Open Source Working Group,"In this case series, we demonstrate how open-source software has been   widely adopted as the primary health information system in many low- and   middle-income countries, and for government-developed applications in   high-income settings. We discuss the concept of Digital Global Goods and   how the general approach of releasing software developed through public   funding under open-source licences could improve the delivery of   healthcare in all settings through increased transparency and   collaboration as well as financial efficiency.",10.3233/SHTI231168
1175,Article,Open-AMA: Open-source software for air masses statistical analysis,"In this paper, we present a new open-source software   ``Open-AMA{''}developed to investigate atmospheric circulation dynamics   and environmental research. Open AMA presents an integral package to   conduct several air mass analyses. It appears to be a powerful,   versatile software package developed to meet the needs of researchers   using python and C++ in order to facilitate and speed up working time.   This software seamlessly integrates new models for source identification   based on air trajectories and ambient air pollution concentration data   and enhances certain existing ones. Beyond source identification, it   offers a rich array of functionalities for making it automatic, quick   and easy to get access many kinds data including gridded meteorological   data, trajectory calculations, synoptic parameter extraction from   back-trajectories. All this functionalities can be used through a   user-friendly graphical interface. Open-AMA can be a significant leap   forward in air quality research and analysis, empowering researchers   with the tools they need to make informed decisions and address pressing   environmental and public health challenges and enhance understanding of   pollutant origins in the atmosphere.",10.1016/j.cageo.2024.105627
1176,Article,"Open-Source Software Defined Networking Controllers: State-of-the-Art,   Challenges and Solutions for Future Network Providers","Software Defined Networking (SDN) is programmable by separation of   forwarding control through the centralization of the controller. The   controller plays the role of the `brain' that dictates the intelligent   part of SDN technology. Various versions of SDN controllers exist as a   response to the diverse demands and functions expected of them. There   are several SDN controllers available in the open market besides a large   number of commercial controllers; some are developed to meet   carrier-grade service levels and one of the recent trends in open-source   SDN controllers is the Open Network Operating System (ONOS). This paper   presents a comparative study between open source SDN controllers, which   are known as Network Controller Platform (NOX), Python-based Network   Controller (POX), component-based SDN framework (Ryu), Java-based   OpenFlow controller (Floodlight), OpenDayLight (ODL) and ONOS. The   discussion is further extended into ONOS architecture, as well as, the   evolution of ONOS controllers. This article will review use cases based   on ONOS controllers in several application deployments. Moreover, the   opportunities and challenges of open source SDN controllers will be   discussed, exploring carrier- grade ONOS for future real-world   deployments, ONOS unique features and identifying the suitable choice of   SDN controller for service providers. In addition, we attempt to provide   answers to several critical questions relating to the implications of   the open-source nature of SDN controllers regarding vendor lock-in,   interoperability, and standards compliance, Similarly, real-world use   cases of organizations using open-source SDN are highlighted and how the   open-source community contributes to the development of SDN controllers.   Furthermore, challenges faced by open-source projects, and   considerations when choosing an open-source SDN controller are   underscored. Then the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine   Learning (ML) in the evolution of open-source SDN controllers in light   of recent research is indicated. In addition, the challenges and   limitations associated with deploying open-source SDN controllers in   production networks, how can they be mitigated, and finally how open-   source SDN controllers handle network security and ensure that network   configurations and policies are robust and resilient are presented.   Potential opportunities and challenges for future Open SDN deployment   are outlined to conclude the article.",10.32604/cmc.2024.047009
1177,InProceedings,Open-Source Software Development Communities: An Analysis Approach as a   Social Network,"Open-source software plays a very important role in today's   technological world. Developer communities are sharing solutions and   exposing their work through large organizations like GitHub. Based on   the above, an interesting question arises: ``Do the developer   communities behave in a similar way regardless of the language they work   with?{''} and following ``which programming languages favor forking the   most?{''}. In an effort to answer questions, data from twenty different   communities of programming languages were collected, as they emerged   through GitHub. From the data (43,704,340 nodes and 39,038,833   connections) twenty different social networks were formed which were   studied with simple tools of statistics and network theory. The results   showed that all communities behaved in a similar way to the exclusion of   the R programming language community.",10.1007/978-3-031-51643-6\\_14
1178,InProceedings,Open-Source Software and Digital Sovereignty A Technical Case Study on   Alternatives to Mainstream Tools,"EU's vision of digital sovereignty conflicts with tools and platforms   used in modern working life. We are dependent on software controlled by   global technology giants.   The dependence on commonly used services and platforms provided by   Microsoft, Google or Amazon must be removed to achieve digital   sovereignty. Open-source software has been readily available for a long   time, but studies looking into excluding all proprietary software from   working life are scarce. This paper investigates the feasibility of   replacing proprietary software as a step towards digital sovereignty.   The ability to self-host services is key to ensuring independence, and   the ability to verify software code is key to ensuring integrity.   Therefore open-source code and transparency are transient properties for   sovereign software. We present problems by mapping the problematic   software used by teachers, researchers and student assistants at Arcada   UAS with a varied set of requirements on the digital tools of their   daily lives. We research alternatives and deploy a suite of software   compatible with EU policies on digital sovereignty.   We rely on many services offered by tech giants in our professional   lives. There are several open-source software suites that can be   self-hosted and that have permissive licenses for business use.   Extensive technical knowledge is required for the deployment of   software. Most daily tasks can be accomplished by using sovereign   software, although not all needs of the test group were met.   Companies can deploy sovereign software for most daily tasks, reducing   dependency on tech giants. However, software adoption was low. Arcadas   IT-support does not host, enforce or endorse the usage of sovereign   software. Public code repositories enable independent code verification,   in contrast to proprietary software. Some software cannot be easily   replaced, and digital habits are hard to change.",10.1007/978-3-031-61891-8\\_10
1179,InProceedings,"Open-Source Software, Fediverse and Custom ROMs as Tools for a   Sustainable Internet","The transition to sustainable electronics necessitates both resource   conservation in hardware production and shifts in software usage. This   paper investigates the contribution of Free/Libre Open-Source Software   (FLOSS) towards fair, and conflict-free practices through promoting   collaboration, transparency, and resource accessibility. Our study   investigates how the adoption of decentralized online social networks   (DOSN) like Mastodon (microblogging) and PeerTube (video sharing), which   operate on the ActivityPub protocol, contributes to sustainable   practices within the electronics sector by fostering a federated   universe (Fediverse). It is demonstrated how FLOSS, in the form of   Alternative Mobile Operating Systems (AMOS) including Android   open-source custom ROMs or mobile Linux systems, gain traction due to   enhanced privacy protection, improved usability through tracker-free   software and alternative app stores, and adherence to EU directives on   the right to self-repair. As AMOS mature for everyday use, they attract   consumers, thereby contributing towards sustainable electronics   development. Furthermore, the Fediverse's Application Programming   Interfaces (APIs) enable seamless information exchange between   instances, allowing for nuanced moderation that safeguards user privacy.   This approach contrasts with centralized commercial networks, where   algorithm-driven operations often prioritize profit over user   well-being.",10.23919/EGG62010.2024.10631179
1180,InProceedings,Open-Source Software-in-the-Loop Strategies for Realistic UAV Monitoring   Applications,"The rise in UAV capabilities has significantly boosted aerial monitoring   activities in recent years. This surge in unmanned aerial vehicles has   increased attention towards monitoring tasks in vital areas, such as   urban spaces for security, surveillance or Internet of the Things   applications. In this sense, we propose an open-source   software-in-the-loop approach that integrates the complete navigation   experience, accounting for potential wind-related effects, and providing   realistic 3D modeling of scenarios encompassing open spaces in city   landscapes. Our work introduces a wind perturbation estimation strategy,   which models the wind effect as an external force along the Zaxis based   on altitude variations from real flights. Validation was conducted using   real data flights with a quadrotor aiding the navigation with Ardupilot   and QgroundControl as a ground station. To complement the experiments we   include a small test with a fixed-wing plane to asses the   software-in-the-loop accuracy on larger trajectories. Results   demonstrate successful tracking of altitude variations, yielding errors   below 10\\% relative to the home position in experiments with average   trajectory lengths of 150 m in two scenarios in Quito. The   software-in-the-loop simulation aimed to replicate wind conditions   specific to the date and time of real data acquisition, providing a   platform to emulate possible improvements and assess UAV performance   before deployment in actual missions. This research not only contributes   to the optimization of monitoring capabilities but also serves as a   valuable tool for assessing UAV missions in diverse and dynamic   environments.",10.1109/ICUAS60882.2024.10556936
1182,Article,Open-source software for respiratory rate estimation using single-lead   electrocardiograms,"Respiratory rate (RR) is a critical vital sign used to assess pulmonary   function. Currently, RR estimating instrumentation is specialized and   bulky, therefore unsuitable for remote health monitoring. Previously, RR   was estimated using proprietary software that extract surface   electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform features obtained at several thoracic   locations. However, developing a non-proprietary method that uses   minimal ECG leads, generally available from mobile cardiac monitors is   highly desirable. Here, we introduce an open-source and well-documented   Python-based algorithm that estimates RR requiring only single-stream   ECG signals. The algorithm was first developed using ECGs from awake,   spontaneously breathing adult human subjects. The algorithm-estimated   RRs exhibited close linear correlation to the subjects' true RR values   demonstrating an R-2 of 0.9092 and root mean square error of 2.2 bpm.   The algorithm robustness was then tested using ECGs generated by the   ischemic hearts of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated sheep. Although   the ECG waveforms during ischemia exhibited severe morphologic changes,   the algorithm-determined RRs exhibited high fidelity with a resolution   of 1 bpm, an absolute error of 0.07 +/- 0.07 bpm, and a relative error   of 0.67 +/- 0.64\\%. This optimized Python-based RR estimation technique   will likely be widely adapted for remote lung function assessment in   patients with cardiopulmonary disease.",10.1038/s41598-023-50470-0
1183,Article,Optimal selection of software reliability growth model for open-source   software using weighted Grey relational analysis method,"Given the complexity of software development and testing environments,   the establishment of software reliability growth models (SRGMs) is   diverse. To date, no SRGM can be applied and implemented in all software   development and testing environments. Therefore, how to choose an   appropriate SRGM for software reliability evaluation in the current   software development and testing environment is an important practical   issue. In this study, we proposed a weighted Grey relational analysis   method to select the optimal SRGMs, including closed- and open-source   SRGMs, as well as perfect and imperfect debugging SRGMs. To effectively   validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we used 12 SRGMs, 11   model evaluation criteria, and 2 successive versions of open-source   software fault datasets. Results of this study indicated that the   proposed method can select the optimal SRGM in the current software   development and testing environment. To conclude, this study has   important practical significance for actual software development and   testing and makes important contributions to assisting developers or   testers in selecting the optimal SRGM for software reliability   assessment.",10.1093/comjnl/bxae139
1185,Article,Organizational Influence on Security Development in Open-Source Software Projects,"Increasing technological complexity, intensified competition, and security requirements have driven open-source software (OSS) projects to become a crucial part of organizations' software development. This study focuses on the OSS project TensorFlow (TF) and uses a case study to examine how organizations and their associated developers collaborate to identify, fix and prevent security vulnerabilities. Social Network Analysis (SNA) of archived security data from software repositories is used to gain insight into security activities. The study examines the internal structure and evolution of security code collaboration, organizational networks, and top organizational contributors to TF. It also examines productivity, homophily, development diversity, and turnover rates among developers across various software releases. The in-depth insights from this research enhance our understanding of collaborative patterns in OSS communities within open software ecosystems, particularly in the security context.",10.4018/IJSSSP.356659
1186,Article,PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE AND FREE SOFTWARE: Scratch and the development of   creativity in elementary school,"This work seeks to investigate the contributions of using Scratch to the   Teaching of Portuguese Language in Elementary School, mainly with regard   to promoting freedom of expression and sharing of knowledge. This is   basic research, developed through bibliographical research, which was   put into practice through a detailed survey based on the thoughts of   Richard Stallman, creator of the concept of free software, in addition   to contributions from Freire, Lib \\& acirc;neo and Bagno who help to   contextualize this discussion socially, politically and economically.   The qualitative approach was also used as a basis, because it analyzes   the relationships, opinions and discourses present in the main   documentation involving this theme through the interpretation and   critical examination of the texts consulted. As a result, it was evident   that the use of free software can recover unused computers and restore   them, providing the revitalization of the computer laboratory for the   use of programs with educational and free purposes in teaching the   Portuguese Language; it was noticed that the computer and the use of   free software are still little adopted within literacy and/or Portuguese   language teaching procedures; The Portuguese language, aided by the use   of software, will be a tool that enhances some aspects that are required   by community life today: autonomy, self-esteem, creativity, initiative,   logical reasoning and productivity.",10.12957/periferia.2024.82188
1187,Article,PPPH-VA: an open-source software for real-time multi-GNSS variometric   approach using single- and dual-frequency observations,"Variometric approach (VA) technique has been introduced as an   alternative to real-time kinematics and real-time precise point   positioning techniques. As the ability of the variometric approach to   detect short-term dynamic behaviors in real-time mode in applications   such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-seismology and   structural health monitoring is demonstrated, the demand for open-source   VA software is increasing. However, open-source software that is capable   of VA processing in real-time mode based on single- and dual-frequency   multi-GNSS observations is scarce. In view of this fact, we have   developed an open-source VA processing software called PPPH-VA that can   evaluate single- and dual-frequency multi-GNSS observations in real-time   mode. PPPH-VA is developed in the MATLAB environment, and it can   simultaneously process GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou-2, and BeiDou-3   data with the VA technique in real-time mode, employing both single- and   dual-frequency observations. We evaluated PPPH-VA using shake table   experiments based on real data, and the results demonstrate that it   provides high accuracy in terms of detection of dynamic displacements.   Toolbox can successfully detect the dominant frequencies of short-term   dynamic behaviors and is capable of determining the amplitude values   corresponding to the peak frequency at the sub-mm level. Moreover, in   the time domain, it can obtain dynamic behaviors with an accuracy of   millimeters.",10.1007/s10291-023-01560-z
1189,Article,PPP\\_Mansoura: an open-source software for multi-constellation GNSS   processing,"PPP\\_Mansoura is a new software that can process multi-GNSS data work on   MATLAB environment and linked with C\\# in the preprocessing stage. It   gives highly accurate results and provides a results file for each   epoch, and the users can choose the GNSS system they want to run with   the primary systems (GPS or GLONASS) and all this with simple MATLAB   Code. For testing the software, we processed the raw data (RINEX 3) from   17 MGEX stations for 24 h data during 1-week with a 30-s interval time   and submitted it to the new software and PPPH software. The averaged   positioning errors obtained from PPP\\_Mansoura and PPPH were 5.14 mm and   6.9 mm respectively, for the East direction, 11.6 mm and 14 mm for the   North direction, and 14.56 mm and 20.4 mm respectively for the Up   direction, the averaged convergence time obtained from PPP\\_Mansoura and   PPPH were 35.3 min and 54.47 min, so the results show that PPP\\_Mansoura   give results with high accuracy can be comparable with PPP standards   results and PPP software results.",10.1515/jag-2023-0043
1190,Article,PREPs: An Open-Source Software for High-Throughput Field Plant   Phenotyping,"An open-source software for field-based plant phenotyping, Precision   Plots Analyzer (PREPs), was developed using Window.NET. The software   runs on 64-bit Windows computers. This software allows the extraction of   phenotypic traits on a per-microplot basis from orthomosaic and digital   surface model (DSM) images generated by   Structure-from-Motion/Multi-View-Stereo (SfM-MVS) tools. Moreover, there   is no need to acquire skills in geographical information system (GIS) or   programming languages for image analysis. Three use cases illustrated   the software's functionality. The first involved monitoring the growth   of sugar beet varieties in an experimental field using an unmanned   aerial vehicle (UAV), where differences among varieties were detected   through estimates of crop height, coverage, and volume index. Second,   mixed varieties of potato crops were estimated using a UAV and varietal   differences were observed from the estimated phenotypic traits. A strong   correlation was observed between the manually measured crop height and   UAV-estimated crop height. Finally, using a multicamera array attached   to a tractor, the height, coverage, and volume index of the 3 potato   varieties were precisely estimated. PREPs software is poised to be a   useful tool that allows anyone without prior knowledge of programming to   extract crop traits for phenotyping.",10.34133/plantphenomics.0221
1191,Article,Paradoxes of Openness: Trans Experiences in Open Source Software,"In recent years, concerns have increased over the lack of contributor diversity in open source software (OSS), despite its status as a paragon of open collaboration. OSS is an important form of digital infrastructure and part of a career path for many developers. While there exists a growing body of literature on cisgender women's under-representation in OSS, the experiences of contributors from other marginalized groups are comparatively absent from the literature. Such is the case for trans contributors, a historically influential group in OSS. In this study, we interviewed 21 trans participants to understand and represent their experiences in the OSS literature. From their experiences, we theorize two related paradoxes of openness in OSS: the paradox of openness and display and the paradox of openness and governance. In an increasingly violent world for trans people, we draw on our theorizing to build recommendations for more inclusive and safer OSS projects for contributors.",10.1145/3687047
1192,InProceedings,PeaTMOSS: A Dataset and Initial Analysis of Pre-Trained Models in   Open-Source Software,"The development and training of deep learning models have become   increasingly costly and complex. Consequently, software engineers are   adopting pre-trained models (PTMs) for their downstream applications.   The dynamics of the PTM supply chain remain largely unexplored,   signaling a clear need for structured datasets that document not only   the metadata but also the subsequent applications of these models.   Without such data, the MSR community cannot comprehensively understand   the impact of PTM adoption and reuse.   This paper presents the PeaTMOSS dataset, which comprises metadata for   281,638 PTMs and detailed snapshots for all PTMs with over 50 monthly   downloads (14,296 PTMs), along with 28,575 open-source software   repositories from GitHub that utilize these models. Additionally, the   dataset includes 44,337 mappings from 15,129 downstream GitHub   repositories to the 2,530 PTMs they use. To enhance the dataset's   comprehensiveness, we developed prompts for a large language model to   automatically extract model metadata, including the model's training   datasets, parameters, and evaluation metrics. Our analysis of this   dataset provides the first summary statistics for the PTM supply chain,   showing the trend of PTM development and common shortcomings of PTM   package documentation. Our example application reveals inconsistencies   in software licenses across PTMs and their dependent projects. PeaTMOSS   lays the foundation for future research, offering rich opportunities to   investigate the PTM supply chain. We outline mining opportunities on   PTMs, their downstream usage, and crosscutting questions. Our artifact   is available at https://github.com/PurdueDualityLab/PeaTMOSS-Artifact.   Our dataset is available at   https://transfer.rcac.purdue.edu/file-manager?origin\\_id=ff978999-16c2-4   b50-ac7a-947ffdc3eb1d\\& origin\\_path=\\%2F.",10.1145/3643991.3644907
1194,InProceedings,Planetary Localization in GPS-Deprived Environments with Open-Source   Software and Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Components,"Autonomous unmanned vehicles can perform detailed surveys of planetary   surfaces but it is imperative to establish a method for global   localization to effectively explore these areas. The absence of GPS in   extraplanetary environments prevents surface vehicles from knowing their   exact location, which raises the need for an alternative positioning   system. Traditional methods, such as visual odometry cross-referenced   with digital elevation maps, are limited by their dependence on human   input and pre-existing space infrastructure. This paper outlines and   characterizes a global position determination algorithm intended for   planetary surface vehicles in GPS-denied environments without any prior   knowledge. The localization algorithm receives images of the stars from   a visible camera and tilt measurements from an inclinometer, derives   star locations and a gravity vector, and combines these signals to   generate an onboard position determinant. This paper contributes (i) the   first open-source planetary global localization algorithm based on   stars, (ii) a sensor suite design derived of solely   commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, and (iii) an unprecedented   physical experiment and characterization from this algorithm on Earth's   surface. The resulting position determinant is on average 100km from the   testing location, consistent across various time and surface inclines.   This result is compared to theoretical performance, state-of-the-art   sensor performance, and other global localization methods. This achieved   determinant error offers a starting point toward localization   improvement with more capable sensors and the incorporation of multiple   historical determinants for state estimation.",10.1109/iSpaRo60631.2024.10688190
1195,Article,Planetary orbital mapping and mosaicking (POMM) integrated open source   software environment,"Several Open Source planetary orbital mapping and utility image   processing software packages, including, VICAR, AFIDS, ISIS, GDAL, and   GeoTIFF, have been integrated into a single software environment (POMM),   where package programs can be run independently from a Linux command   line, or combined in synergistic scripts that facilitate advanced   trans-package applications. Several integrated scripts have been   prepared to simplify some of the more difficult database building tasks   such as (1) image co-registration (for stacking and time series   analysis), (2) mosaicking (for regional analysis), and (3)   map-projection of raw Planetary Data System (PDS) images for selected   Mars and Luna sensor systems. A user interface/GUI is provided for the   three planetary applications, but the underlying scripts can also be   modified by an advanced user and run at the command-line. POMM is Open   Source software available in ``docker{''} container and   ``Yum-Install{''} versions that support crossplatform installation on   Windows, Apple, and Linux products using available desktop applications   and/or virtual containers. However, installation on systems requiring   emulation can be slow, and the installation process can be challenging.",10.1016/j.ascom.2024.100788
1196,Article,PyPop: a mature open-source software pipeline for population genomics,"Python for Population Genomics (PyPop) is a software package that   processes genotype and allele data and performs large-scale population   genetic analyses on highly polymorphic multi-locus genotype data. In   particular, PyPop tests data conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium   expectations, performs Ewens-Watterson tests for selection, estimates   haplotype frequencies, measures linkage disequilibrium, and tests   significance. Standardized means of performing these tests is key for   contemporary studies of evolutionary biology and population genetics,   and these tests are central to genetic studies of disease association as   well. Here, we present PyPop 1.0.0, a new major release of the package,   which implements new features using the more robust infrastructure of   GitHub, and is distributed via the industry-standard Python Package   Index. New features include implementation of the asymmetric linkage   disequilibrium measures and, of particular interest to the   immunogenetics research communities, support for modern nomenclature,   including colon-delimited allele names, and improvements to   meta-analysis features for aggregating outputs for multiple   populations.Code available at: https://zenodo.org/records/10080668 and   https://github.com/alexlancaster/pypop",10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378512
1197,Article,Pyrolysis study of moxa floss with different storage years using online   photoionization mass spectrometry,"The pyrolysis behaviors of moxa floss with 5-9 storage years were   investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and online synchrotron radiation   photoionization mass spectrometry. The online fragment-free mass spectra   of moxa floss pyrolysis products were obtained within 300-800degree   celsius and characterized as hydrocarbons, nitrogenous and oxygenated   compounds. The results indicate that pyrolysis temperature plays a   leading role in the lowmolecular-weight product distribution, while the   storage year has secondary effects. Controlling the pyrolysis   temperature in a lower range (<650degree celsius) can effectively reduce   the generation of benzene, toluene and other harmful substances.   Aromatics could be released from the break of large molecules with   aromatic structures and formed from the aromatization of small   unstructured compounds at high temperatures. At the temperature lower   than 400 degree celsius, short-year samples exhibit a higher intensity   of oxygenated compounds. However, with the increase of storage years,   nitrogenous heterocyclics such as pyrrole and pyridine are preferably   formed at higher temperatures. In addition, increasing the storage year   of moxa floss leads the TG curve to exhibit a lower maximum mass loss   rate. These results will enrich the understanding of the storage year   effect on the beneficial oxygencontaining components generation and the   release of harmful components in the moxa floss pyrolysis.",10.1016/j.jaap.2023.106271
1198,Article,Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL): An open source software package for   digital feedback control in quantum optics experiments,"We present the Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL), an open source   software package that allows the implementation of automatic digital   feedback controllers for quantum optics experiments on commercially   available, affordable Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) boards. Our   software implements the digital generation of various types of error   signals, from an analog input through the application of loop filters of   high complexity and real-time gain adjustment for multiple analog output   signals, including different algorithms for resonance search, lock   acquisition sequences, and in-loop gain optimization. Furthermore, all   necessary diagnostic instruments, such as an oscilloscope, a network   analyzer, and a spectrum analyzer, are integrated into our software.   Apart from providing a quickly scalable, automatic feedback controller,   the lock performance that can be achieved by using PyRPL with imperfect   equipment, such as piezoelectric transducers and noisy amplifiers, is   better than the one achievable with standard analog controllers due to   the higher complexity of implementable filters and possibilities of   nonlinear operations in the FPGA. This drastically reduces the cost of   added complexity when introducing additional feedback loops to an   experiment. The open-source character also distinguishes PyRPL from   commercial solutions, as it allows users to customize functionalities at   various levels, ranging from the easy integration of PyRPL-based   feedback controllers into existing setups to the modification of the   FPGA functionality. A community of developers provides fast and   efficient implementation and testing of software modifications.",10.1063/5.0178481
1199,Article,Quality evaluation meta-model for open-source software: multi-method   validation study,"In recent years, open-source software (OSS) has attracted increasing   attention due to its easy accessibility via cloud repositories,   voluntary community, no vendor lock-in, and low total cost of ownership.   In turn, specifying and evaluating OSS quality has become a significant   challenge for OSS adoption in organizations that are inclined to use   them. Although many OSS quality models have been proposed in the   literature, the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS has caused these   models to be heterogeneous in terms of structure and content. This has   adversely affected the standardization of evaluations and led to the   evaluation results obtained from different OSS quality models for the   same purpose being incomparable and sometimes unreliable. Therefore, in   this study, a meta-model for OSS quality (OSS-QMM), which employs a   unified structure from existing quality models and enables the   derivation of homogeneous models, has been proposed. For this purpose, a   systematic and laborious effort has been spent via a step-based   meta-model creation process including review-and-revise iterations. In   order to validate the OSS-QMM, case study and expert opinion methods   have been applied to answer three research questions (RQs) targeted to   investigate practical applicability, results comparability, and   effectiveness of using the meta-model. Multiple and embedded case study   designs have been employed for evaluating three real ERP systems, and 20   subject matter experts have been interviewed during the validation   process. The results of multi-faceted empirical studies have indicated   that the OSS-QMM has addressed solving problems in OSS quality   evaluation and its adoption with high degrees of confidence.",10.1007/s11219-023-09658-w
1201,Article,Quantitative Analysis of Fish Morphology Through Landmark and   Outline-based Geometric Morphometrics with Free Software,"Morphology underpins key biological and evolutionary processes that   remain elusive. This is in part due to the limitations in robustly and   quantitatively analyzing shapes within and between groups in an unbiased   and high- throughput manner. Geometric morphometrics (GM) has emerged as   a widely employed technique for studying shape variation in biology and   evolution. This study presents a comprehensive workflow for conducting   geometric morphometric analysis of fish morphology. The step-by-step   manual provides detailed instructions for using popular free software,   such as the TPS series, MorphoJ, ImageJ, and R, to carry out generalized   Procrustes analysis (GPA), principal component analysis (PCA),   discriminant function analysis (DFA), canonical variate analysis (CVA),   mean shape analysis, and thin plate spline analysis (TPS). The Momocs   package in R is specifically utilized for in-depth analysis of fish   outlines. In addition, selected functions from the dplyr package are   used to assist in the analysis. The full process of fish outline   analysis is covered, including extracting outline coordinates,   converting and scaling data, defining landmarks, creating data objects,   analyzing outline differences, and visualizing results. In conclusion,   the current protocol compiles a detailed method for evaluating fish   shape variation based on landmarks and outlines. As the field of GM   continues to evolve and related software develops rapidly, the   limitations associated with morphological analysis of fish are expected   to decrease. Interoperable data formats and analytical methods may   facilitate the sharing of morphological data and help resolve related   scientific problems. The convenience of this protocol allows for fast   and effective morphological analysis. Furthermore, this detailed   protocol could be adapted to assess image-based differences across a   broader range of species or to analyze morphological data of the same   species from different origins.",10.21769/BioProtoc.5087
1202,Article,"REGOMA-OSS: a large, Italian, multicenter, prospective, observational   study evaluating the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in patients with   recurrent glioblastoma","Background: In the randomized phase II REGOMA trial, regorafenib showed   promising activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We conducted   a large, multicenter, prospective, observational study to confirm the   REGOMA data in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: The major   inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed diagnosis of   glioblastoma according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016   classification and relapse after radiotherapy with concurrent/adjuvant   temozolomide treatment, good performance status {[}Eastern Cooperative   Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS 0-1)] and good liver   function. Regorafenib was administered at the standard dose of 160   mg/day for 3 weeks on/1 week off. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was   carried out within 14 days before starting regorafenib and every 8-12   weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary   endpoints were progression -free survival (PFS), objective response   rate, disease control rate (DCR), safety and health-related quality of   life. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria were   used for response evaluation and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse   Events (CTCAE) version 5 for assessment of adverse events (AEs).   Results: From September 2020 to October 2022, 190 patients with   recurrent glioblastoma were enrolled from 30 cancer centers in Italy:   their median age was 58.5 years {[}interquartile range (IQR) 53-67   years], 68\\% were male and 85 (44.7\\%) were in optimal clinical   condition (ECOG PS 0). The number of patients taking steroids at   baseline was 113 (60\\%); the second surgery was carried out in 39   (20.5\\%). O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was methylated   in 80 patients (50.3\\%) and 147 (92.4\\%) of the patients analyzed had   isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type. The median follow-up period   was 20 months (IQR 15.6-25.5 months). The median OS was 7.9 months   ({[}95\\% confidence interval (CI) 6.5-9.2 months] and the median PFS was   2.6 months (95\\% CI 2.3-2.9 months). Radiological response was partial   response and stable disease in 13 (7.3\\%) and 26 (14.6\\%) patients,   respectively, with a DCR of 21.9\\%. The median number of regorafenib   cycles per patient was 3 (IQR 2.0-4.0). Grade 3-4 drug-related adverse   events were reported in 22.6\\% of patients. A dose reduction due to AEs   was required in 36\\% of patients. No deaths were considered as   treatment-related AEs. Conclusions: This large, real -world   observational study showed similar OS with better tolerability of   regorafenib in patients with relapsed glioblastoma compared with the   REGOMA study.",10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102943
1204,Article,Reading Comprehension on Screen: A Free Software Educational Proposal,"The increasing digitalization of social life has substantially modified   everyday practices, including teaching -learning processes. The aim of   this article is to analyze digital reading in a free software   educational community. The experience was carried out on April 22, 2023   in the city of Cordoba (Argentina) with children of different ages in   the Latin American Festival of Free Software Installation. Based on a   qualitative methodology, with the incorporation of some ethnographic   tools, data were collected from the reading situations observed in the   intervention. We used the following theoretical foundations: ludic   narratives and video games, digital reading in a hybrid context   (coexistence of paper and screen) and free software in education. The   data collected were analyzed with grounded theory procedures to   construct the following categories of analysis of the digital reading   comprehension of children: literal comprehension, inferential   comprehension, inferential comprehension of literary elements and   comprehension of the ludic structure and. We conclude that reading on   screen mediated by free software shows a cognitive complexity that   allows the critical review of the influence of GAFAMs in the educational   community and that benefits the strengthening of the cultural mesh.",10.15366/reice2024.22.2.008
1205,Article,Sherlock in OSS: A Novel Approach of Content-Based Searching in Object   Storage System,"Cloud-based Object Storage Systems (OSS) are known for their   scalability, durability, availability, and concurrency. However, there   is a noticable vaccum in open-source OSS for a straightforward way for   users and administrators to conduct data searches within object storage   without fully utilizing the cloud infrastructure. In our research, we   present Sherlock, a novel Content-Based Searching (CoBS) framework.   Sherlock enhances search capabilities by using extra information from   images and documents, incorporating this information into an   Elasticsearch-powered database to enable content-driven searches. The   framework operates through a two-stage process. First, it classifies the   incoming data by type, directing images to an object detection model and   processing documents for keyword extraction. Then, Elasticsearch   catalogs the extracted data, facilitating searches based on content. The   effectiveness of our searches is largely dependent on the precision of   these models, which we improve by training them on large-scale datasets:   the Microsoft COCO Dataset for multimedia content and the SemEval2017   Dataset for text documents. We further test our system's performance by   integrating it with the open-source OSS, OpenStack Swift, and conducting   real-world experiments with image uploads to evaluate how our model   performs within Swift's object storage environments.",10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3401074
1206,InProceedings,Shock! Quantifying the Impact of Core Developers' Dropout on the Productivity of OSS Projects,"Open Source Software (OSS) projects play a critical role in the digital infrastructure of companies and services provided to millions of people. Given their importance, understanding the resilience of OSS projects is paramount. A primary reason for OSS project failure is the shock caused by the dropout of a core developer, which can jeopardize productivity and project survival. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis, this study investigates the repercussions of this shock on the productivity of 8,234 developers identified among 9,573 OSS GitHub projects. Our findings reveal the indirect impact of the core developer's dropout. The remaining developers experienced a 20% productivity drop. This observation is troubling because it suggests that the shock might push other developers to drop out, putting the collaboration structure of the project at risk. Also, projects with higher productivity before the shock experienced a larger drop-down after the shock. This points to a tradeoff between productivity and resilience, i.e., the ability of OSS projects to recover from the dropout of a core developer. Our findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach in OSS project management, harmonizing productivity goals with resilience considerations.",10.1145/3589335.3651559
1208,InProceedings,Simulating Imager-Based Sensor Networks for Structural Dynamics   Applications with Open-Source Software,"Video-based structural dynamics are becoming increasingly popular on   account of their high spatial resolution and relatively low costs. These   techniques show promise for applications such as structural health   monitoring. However, video-based approaches to measuring structural   dynamics are not as sensitive as on-contact sensor-based techniques.   Furthermore, because video-based techniques involve capturing a 2D   perspective projection of the 3D environment, there is an added   complication in extracting calibrated quantitative measurements from   these systems. In many applications, it would be advantageous to deploy   networks, or arrays of imagers for monitoring large-scale infrastructure   from different perspectives. Often, computer vision techniques, such as   multi-view stereo, benefit from knowledge of the position and   orientation of the cameras. Unfortunately, accurately knowing this   information can lead to increased setup costs. Furthermore, it is not   always clear what arrangement of cameras would be sufficient for any   given infrastructure monitoring applications. In addition, the   performance of arrays of imagers is affected by factors such as lighting   conditions and weather. There may also be significant restrictions on   the physical locations where imagers are allowed to be placed. For these   reasons, it is advantageous to have tools to aid in the design and   development of imager-based sensor networks for structural dynamics   applications. In this work, we demonstrate the use of open-source   computer graphics software for simulating the behavior of imagers   observing dynamic structures. We demonstrate the ability to use these   tools to plan the deployment of imager-based sensor networks to rapidly   test and develop algorithms and techniques for video-based structural   dynamics.",10.1007/978-3-031-68901-7\\_4
1209,Article,Singing Ability Assessment: Development and validation of a singing test   based on item response theory and a general open-source software   environment for singing data,"We describe the development of the Singing Ability Assessment (SAA)   open-source test environment. The SAA captures and scores different   aspects of human singing ability and melodic memory in the context of   item response theory. Taking perspectives from both melodic recall and   singing accuracy literature, we present results from two online   experiments (N = 247; N = 910). On-the-fly audio transcription is   produced via a probabilistic algorithm and scored via latent variable   approaches. Measures of the ability to sing long notes indicate a   three-dimensional principal components analysis solution representing   pitch accuracy, pitch volatility and changes in pitch stability   (proportion variance explained: 35\\%; 33\\%; 32\\%). For melody singing, a   mixed-effects model uses features of melodic structure (e.g., tonality,   melody length) to predict overall sung melodic recall performance via a   composite score {[}R(2)c = .42; R(2)m = .16]. Additionally, two separate   mixed-effects models were constructed to explain performance in singing   back melodies in a rhythmic {[}R(2)c = .42; R(2)m = .13] and an   arhythmic {[}R(2)c = .38; R(2)m = .11] condition. Results showed that   the yielded SAA melodic scores are significantly associated with   previously described measures of singing accuracy, the long note singing   accuracy measures, demographic variables, and features of participants'   hardware setup. Consequently, we release five R packages which   facilitate deploying melodic stimuli online and in laboratory contexts,   constructing audio production tests, transcribing audio in the R   environment, and deploying the test elements and their supporting   models. These are published as open-source, easy to access, and flexible   to adapt.",10.3758/s13428-023-02188-0
1210,Article,State-of-the-practice in quality assurance in Java-based open source   software development,"To ensure the quality of software systems, software engineers can make   use of a variety of quality assurance approaches, for example, software   testing, modern code review, automated static analysis, and build   automation. Each of these quality assurance practices have been studied   in depth in isolation, but there is a clear knowledge gap when it comes   to our understanding of how these approaches are being used in   conjunction, or not. In our study, we broadly investigate whether and   how these quality assurance approaches are being used in conjunction in   the development of 1454 popular open source software projects on GitHub.   Our study indicates that typically projects do not follow all quality   assurance practices together with high intensity. In fact, we only   observe weak correlation among some quality assurance practices. In   general, our study provides a deeper understanding of how existing   quality assurance approaches are currently being used in Java-based open   source software development. Besides, we specifically zoom in on the   more mature projects in our dataset, and generally we observe that more   mature projects are more intense in their application of the quality   assurance practices, with more focus on their ASAT usage, and code   reviewing, but no strong change in their CI usage.",10.1002/spe.3321
1211,Article,Stochastic debugging based reliability growth models for Open Source   Software project,"Open Source Software (OSS) is one of the most trusted technologies for   implementing industry 4.0 solutions. The study aims to assist a   community of OSS developers in quantifying the product's reliability.   This research proposes reliability growth models for OSS by   incorporating dynamicity in the debugging process. For this, stochastic   differential equation-based analytical models are developed to represent   the instantaneous rate of error generation. The fault introduction rate   is modeled using exponential and Erlang distribution functions. The   empirical applications of the proposed methodology are verified using   the real-life failure data of the Open Source Software projects, GNU   Network Object Model Environment, and Eclipse. A soft computing   technique, Genetic Algorithm, is applied to estimate model parameters.   Cross-validation is also performed to examine the forecasting efficacy   of the model. The predictive power of the developed models is compared   with various benchmark studies. The data analysis is conducted using the   R statistical computing software. The results demonstrate the proposed   models' efficacy in parameter estimation and predictive performance. In   addition, the optimal release time policy based on the proposed   mathematical models is presented by formulating the optimization model   that intends to minimize the total cost of software development under   reliability constraints. The numerical illustration and sensitivity   analysis exhibit the proposed problem's practical significance. The   findings of the numerical analysis exemplify the proposed study's   capability of decision-making under uncertainty.",10.1007/s10479-023-05240-6
1213,InProceedings,Strengthening the digital ecosystem: Effects of the Cyber Resilience Act   (CRA) on Open-Source Software,"The European Union proposed the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) to enhance   cybersecurity in digital products, including those utilizing open-source   software (OSS). This paper examines the CRA's impact on the OSS   community, supported by industry statistics and case studies. While the   CRA sets stricter security requirements and fosters collaboration   between commercial integrators and OSS developers, it also imposes   burdens on smaller projects. We provide actionable recommendations for   policymakers, such as implementing flexible compliance frameworks,   establishing funding programs, and fostering public-private   partnerships. The paper substantiates potential outcomes with data and   quotes from the OSS community, highlighting economic realities and the   need for future research. This research aims to help policymakers   balance security goals with preserving OSS contributions' value.",10.1109/CSR61664.2024.10679481
1214,Article,Subsoil geophysical evaluation using GPR and free software,"In this work, a geophysical characterization of the subsoil of a civil   structure corresponding to the basement of a residential complex in   Bogot \\& aacute;, Colombia was carried out, using the GPR technique. We   were chosen to establish the affectation caused by weeping willow (Salix   Babylonica) trees planted near the retaining wall of the structure's   foundation and its parking lot platforms. We acquired GPR profiles all   throughout the area of the internal part of the basement and the outer   retaining wall part. The pieces of equipment used were SIR 4000 and a HS   350 MHz center frequency antenna. The data presented a good and   consistent signal. High resolution subsoil images of up to 3m in depth   of the area below the parking lots were generated through the analysis   of information derived from the processing and interpretation of the   data. All of these were compared with information from geotechnical and   topographic studies of the area. The results obtained show that the   trees' roots are causing scour due to a drying effect of the subsoil,   which caused damage to the slab in the parking lot and on the retaining   wall.",10.15446/esrj.v28n3.97305
1215,InProceedings,Survey of OpenMP Practice in General Open Source Software,"OpenMP, a widely adopted standard for shared memory parallel   programming, is known for its simplicity and portability, making it   accessible to programmers across various domains, not just HPC experts.   This study aims at providing an overview of the current practice of   OpenMP usage in open source projects. We focus our study on the   considerations necessary for efficient OpenMP usage, as parallelizing an   application with OpenMP comes with a certain overhead necessary for   thread creation and management.   For this purpose, we developed a binary analysis tool that automatically   estimates the complexity of a parallel region allowing a comparison with   the complexity of thread creation and management overhead in bluk. We   applied this tool on a large set of 537 open source applications.   Specifically, we want to answer the question: ``To what extent is the   usage of OpenMP in general following known good practices from the HPC   community?{''} In particular, we find that 45\\% of projects contain at   least one example of a rather simple parallel region. In these cases, it   is questionable whether parallelization is worth the overhead necessary   for thread creation and management. We also observe from the codes   analysed that the style of using OpenMP apparently did not change over   the last decade.   Our analysis tool is available on GitHub:   https://github.com/tudasc/openmp-analysis.",10.1007/978-3-031-72567-8\\_7
1216,InProceedings,Survey of&nbsp;OpenMP Practice in&nbsp;General Open Source Software,"OpenMP, a widely adopted standard for shared memory parallel programming, is known for its simplicity and portability, making it accessible to programmers across various domains, not just HPC experts. This study aims at providing an overview of the current practice of OpenMP usage in open source projects. We focus our study on the considerations necessary for efficient OpenMP usage, as parallelizing an application with OpenMP comes with a certain overhead necessary for thread creation and management.For this purpose, we developed a binary analysis tool that automatically estimates the complexity of a parallel region allowing a comparison with the complexity of thread creation and management overhead in bluk. We applied this tool on a large set of 537 open source applications. Specifically, we want to answer the question: “To what extent is the usage of OpenMP in general following known good practices from the HPC community?"" In particular, we find that 45% of projects contain at least one example of a rather simple parallel region. In these cases, it is questionable whether parallelization is worth the overhead necessary for thread creation and management. We also observe from the codes analysed that the style of using OpenMP apparently did not change over the last decade.Our analysis tool is available on GitHub: .",10.1007/978-3-031-72567-8_7
1217,Article,Survivability Prediction of Open Source Software with Polynomial   Regression,"In modern software development, OSS (Open Source Software) has become a   crucial element. However, if OSS have few contributors and are lacking   in maintenance activities, such as bug fixes, are used, it can lead to   significant costs and resource allocation due to maintenance   discontinuation. Since OSS are developed by a diverse group of   contributors, the consistency of their involvement may vary, making   continuous support and maintenance unpredictable. Therefore, it is   necessary to identify the status of each OSS to avoid increased   maintenance costs when selecting OSS for use. To address these issues,   we use polynomial regression to predict trends in bug-fixing activities   and evaluate the survivability of OSS accordingly. We predict the trend   of bug-fixing activities in OSS, using factors such as popularity,   number of contributors, and code complexity. A lower trend value   indicates more vigorous activity. In this paper, we conduct data   collection and extraction, generating model, and model testing and   evaluation to predict survivability using these data. After collecting   data through various tools, the models of different degrees are   generated using K-fold cross-validation. The model with the highest   performance is selected based on the RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and   RSE (Residual Standard Error). Then, the chosen model is employed to   predict the survivability of OSS and compare it with actual outcomes.   This method is experimented with on OSS used in the KakaoTalk commercial   messenger app. As a result, several OSS are predicted to have low   survivability, and among them, five are analyzed. It is observed that,   in reality, activities such as delayed or discontinued release updates   occurred. These findings can support OSS users in selecting OSS for   cost-saving purposes and alert OSS administrators to the need for   solutions to ensure project survival.",10.3390/app14072812
1218,InProceedings,Sustaining Maintenance Labor for Healthy Open Source Software Projects through Human Infrastructure: A Maintainer Perspective,"Background: Open Source Software (OSS) fuels our global digital infrastructure but is commonly maintained by small groups of people whose time and labor represent a depletable resource. For the OSS projects to stay sustainable, i.e., viable and maintained over time without interruption or weakening, maintenance labor requires an underlying infrastructure to be supported and secured. Aims: Using the construct of human infrastructure, our study aims to investigate how maintenance labor can be supported and secured to enable the creation and maintenance of sustainable OSS projects, viewed from the maintainers’ perspective. Method: In our exploration, we interviewed ten maintainers from nine well-adopted OSS projects. We coded the data in two steps using investigator-triangulation. Results: We constructed a framework of infrastructure design that provide insight for OSS projects in the design of their human infrastructure. The framework specifically highlight the importance of human factors, e.g., securing a work-life balance and proactively managing social pressure, toxicity, and diversity. We also note both differences and overlaps in how the infrastructure needs to support and secure maintenance labor from maintainers and the wider OSS community, respectively. Funding is specifically highlighted as an important enabler for both types of resources. Conclusions: The study contributes to the qualitative understanding of the importance, sensitivity, and risk for depletion of the maintenance labor required to build and maintain healthy OSS projects. Human infrastructure is pivotal in ensuring that maintenance labor is sustainable, and by extension the OSS projects on which we all depend.",10.1145/3674805.3686667
1220,InProceedings,"Sustaining Scientific Open-Source Software Ecosystems: Challenges, Practices, and Opportunities","Scientific open-source software (scientific OSS) has facilitated scientific research due to its transparent and collaborative nature. The sustainability of such software is becoming crucial given its pivotal role in scientific endeavors. While past research has proposed strategies for the sustainability of the scientific software or general OSS communities in isolation, it remains unclear when the two scenarios are merged if these approaches are directly applicable to developing scientific OSS. In this research, we propose to investigate the unique challenges in sustaining the scientific OSS ecosystems. We first conduct a case study to empirically understand the interdisciplinary team's collaboration in scientific OSS ecosystems and identify the collaboration challenges. Further, to generalize our findings, we plan to conduct a large-scale quantitative study in broader scientific OSS ecosystems to identify the cross-project collaboration inefficiencies. Finally, we would like to design and develop interventions to mitigate the problems identified.",10.1145/3639478.3639805
1222,InProceedings,System Security Assessment Method Integrating Risk Relationships of Open   Source Software,"In response to the deficiency in existing system security assessment   methods that often lack research on the propagation risks caused by the   open source software supply chain (OSSSC). This paper proposes a system   security assessment method that integrates the risk relationships of   open source software (OSS). Firstly, an OSS risk propagation   relationship graph is constructed, and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy   Process (FAHP)-entropy weight method is adopted to allocate weights to   the weakness assessment indicators of OSS, thereby improving the   accuracy of quantifying OSS propagation risks. Then, on the attack   graph, the analysis of threat values to host nodes and the probability   of successful attack paths are optimized from three perspectives:   vulnerabilities, OSSSC, and hosts. Experimental results demonstrate that   this method, by combining open source risk factors and conducting   multi-dimensional analysis, can more effectively assess the security   threats faced by systems, providing a more accurate basis for security   defense.",10.1109/NaNA63151.2024.00011
1223,Article,THE ENTRAINMENT OF TASK ALLOCATION AND RELEASE CYCLES IN OPEN SOURCE   SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT,"In this study we identify a process of ``entrainment{''} around open   source software (OSS) development release cycles to capture patterns of   self -organized task allocation among developers. We conducted an   abductive, computationally intensive study of eight OSS projects, using   relational event modeling to analyze 1,169,489 actions covering 93 major   software releases. The process of entrainment that we identify involves   three task allocation mechanisms: (1) developer -issue inertia, (2)   developer contribution frequency, and (3) issue popularity. Our analysis   demonstrates that these mechanisms and the phases of the release cycle   entrain each other. Before a major release, developers engage in a   concentrated mobilization phase, whereby they democratize development   activity and increasingly allocate community contributions to the set of   issues related to the release. After a major release, the extended   cleanup phase garners a greater share of development work from recently   highly active developers and dilutes the activity of these developers   across a wider range of issues. Our theorizing suggests that major   releases constitute important events around which OSS communities self   -organize and we characterize how this occurs. Our research contributes   to theorizing on organizing in OSS communities by explaining how   selforganizing task allocation interacts with release cycles through the   mechanism of entrainment. We also contribute to the literature on   entrainment by showing how it may unfold in the context of online peer   production communities such as OSS.",10.25300/MISQ/2023/16789
1224,Article,The Contribution of Open Source Software in Identifying Environmental   Crimes Caused by Illicit Waste Management in Urban Areas,"This study focuses on the analysis, implementation and integration of   techniques and methods, also based on mathematical algorithms and   artificial intelligence (AI), to acquire knowledge of some phenomena   that produce pollution with an impact on environmental health, and which   start from illicit practices that occur in urban areas. In many urban   areas (or agroecosystems), the practice of illegal waste disposing by   commercial activities, by abandoning it in the countryside rather than   spending economic resources to ensure correct disposal, is widespread.   This causes an accumulation of waste in these areas (which can also be   protected natural areas), which are then also set on fire to reduce   their volume. Obviously, the repercussions of such actions are many. The   burning of waste releases contaminants into the environment such as   dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and furans, and deposits other   elements on the soil, such as heavy metals, which, by leaching and   percolating, contaminate water resources such as rivers and aquifers.   The main objective is the design and implementation of monitoring   programs against specific illicit activities that take into account   territorial peculiarities. This advanced approach leverages AI and GIS   environments to interpret environmental states, providing an   understanding of ongoing phenomena. The methodology used is based on the   implementation of mathematical and AI algorithms, integrated into a GIS   environment to address even large-scale environmental issues, improving   the spatial and temporal precision of the analyses and allowing the   customization of monitoring programs in urban and peri-urban   environments based on territorial characteristics. The results of the   application of the methodology show the percentages of the different   types of waste found in the agroecosystems of the study area and the   degree of concentration, allowing the identification of similar areas   with greater criticality. Subsequently, through network and nearest   neighbour analysis, it is possible to start targeted checks.",10.3390/urbansci8010021
1225,Article,The Factors Affecting User Experience Maturity in Free and Open Source   Software Community: An Empirical Study,"Assessing User eXperience (UX) maturity is mandatory in the free and   open-source software (FOSS) community to avoid wasting resources on   projects that may fall short of expectations. Best practices suggest   employing UX Capability Maturity Models (UXCMMs), which often specify an   evolutionary plateau toward developing a UX-matured system and quantify   organizational UX maturity into maturity levels ranging from no or ad   hoc improvement to integrated continuous improvement. Numerous   generically developed UXCMMs exist. However, none is created for the   FOSS community, and less information is available to support their   perfect match. Thus, raise suspicions if they have proper UX maturity   influencing factors (UXMIFs) for the FOSS community or measure the right   thing. The FOSS community differs from traditional software-developing   communities and may have different dynamics and UXMIFs, necessitating   unique and new methodologies for their discovery. This study, therefore,   aims to identify the FOSS community's UXMIFs and evaluate the   community's knowledge of UX maturity-related concepts. Its findings may   help future researchers, practitioners, and other FOSS developers to   develop UXCMMs exclusive to the FOSS community. The study's design is   both qualitative and quantitative. It adopted a systematic literature   review, interviews, fuzzy Delphi Method, and thematic analysis to   collect and analyze data and present the findings. The study's sample   included sixty-two active FOSS projects, fifteen FOSS stakeholders, and   twelve UX experts. The outcome shows that 84\\% of UX experts agreed on   the thirty-six FOSS's UXMIFs with threshold d = 0.143 and crisp values   greater than alpha-cut = 0.5. User feedback and adopted technologies   were ranked first, while learnability and use speed were ranked last.   Similarly, FOSS stakeholders have shown a shared understanding of UX   maturity, connected concepts, and impacting factors.",10.1080/10447318.2023.2262270
1226,Article,The Prisoner's Dilemma of Open-Source Software Security,NA,10.1109/MC.2024.3415868
1227,Article,The \\#Semantic Climate Community: Making Open-Source Software for   Knowledge Liberation,"\\#semantic Climate is an international open research community led by   young Indian scientists who use Open Notebook Science to transform   information into structured filtered and actionable knowledge. The key   project mission is to liberate scientific climate data, making it   equitable and freely accessible to everyone. The \\#semantic Climate   community achieves this through two central activities, namely   collaborative open notebook science, and citizen engagement. The first   activity is research oriented and involves creation of a   proof-of-concept software toolkit that uses AI over NLP to transform   locked literature (such as PDF documents) into semantic, hypermedia   form. This is a non-trivial task, that has haunted developers for over   three decades, and the \\#semantic Toolkit makes complex climate reports   not just easily accessible, but also processable by machines, embedded   in the Global Knowledge Graph and thereby connected to multilingual   resources. The second activity is where the \\#semantic Climate community   engages citizens in climate action and awareness through interactive   hackathons, open and transparent working practices, and using Git   versioning. From a citizen science perspective, this includes designing   community outreach activities (games), giving attribution to all   participants, and engaging the wider public in the culture and practices   of science (verifiable knowledge, review, data science, modern   infrastructure use, etc). This article is an overview of the \\#semantic   Climate community building efforts, and how the project employs   strategies, techniques, and ideas from the fields of Open Notebook   Science. The open-source software culture and projects follow UNESCO   Open Science values, and knowledge justice for the Global South, towards   addressing knowledge neo-colonisation.",10.56042/alis.v71i4.14285
1228,Article,The vital role of community in open source software development: A   framework for assessment and ranking,"Open source software (OSS) follows a software development paradigm   whereby self-motivated volunteers scattered all around the globe   contribute to the development in the form of code, documentation,   feedback, feature recommendations, bug reporting, and bug resolution.   These volunteers, commonly referred to as OSS project community, serve   as the foundation of the OSS project, fostering its creation and   sustenance and providing long-term support. The quality and   sustainability of the OSS project is reliant upon the development and   structure of the self-governing community. When a business organization   plans to acquire an OSS solution, it not only takes into consideration   the factors such as reliability, security, and scalability but also   attaches significant importance to the likelihood of the OSS project   being maintained and supported in the future so that it can rely on it   as a stable and secure technology solution. Modern cloud-based software   hosting platforms, such as GitHub, offer a range of options for   automatically and freely accessing the complete development history of   millions of OSS projects. This easy availability of detailed development   history has enabled researchers to analyze and draw quantitative and   scientific inferences about the quality of an OSS project which   generally involves assessing three aspects, namely, software product,   development process, and project community. With focus on project   community part, a Framework for Assessment and Ranking of OSS Community   is being presented in the current research work, following a detailed   examination of the largest source code hosting and project collaboration   platform, GitHub. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to   Ideal Solution from Multi-Criteria Decision-Making toolkit has been   utilized for assessing the quality of the project community. The   framework has been validated by applying it on nine OSS projects and   comparing the results with the outcomes obtained through an existing OSS   evaluation methodology. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the   proposed framework aligns with the aforementioned evaluation methodology   while offering an opportunity for in-depth analysis on the dynamics of   volunteer communities, which is lacking in previous evaluation methods.   These insights can prove valuable for both potential adopters and   project maintainers, aiding them in making informed strategic decisions.   Framework for Project Community Assessment and Ranking follows a phased   approach where first phase involves OSS project identification, second   phase defines assessment criteria, in third phase data is fetched,   stored and metrics are computed; and the last phase involves final   Quality Assessment and Ranking. The framework will aid both corporate   entities and individual practitioners in identifying an open source   project with a robust volunteer community capable of producing a product   of exceptional quality.image",10.1002/smr.2643
1232,Article,"Thermal Insulation Properties of Milkweed Floss Nonwovens: Influence of   Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Fiber Content","This study investigated the influence of fiber content, temperature, and   relative humidity on the thermal insulation properties of nonwoven mats   made of seed fibers from Asclepias Syriaca, commonly known as milkweed   floss. Nonwoven mats with a 1-inch thickness were produced by uniformly   arranging milkweed fibers within a mold. Various quantities of fiber   were employed to obtain nonwoven mats with a fiber content ranging from   5 to 35 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were   measured across diverse relative humidity levels and temperatures.   Simultaneously, milkweed floss samples were exposed to identical   environmental conditions to assess the moisture regain and specific heat   capacities of the fiber. The specific heat capacity of milkweed and   thermal conductivity of the nonwovens exhibited a linear increase with   temperature. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the   nonwovens decreased with rising fiber content. The thermal insulation   properties of the nonwovens remained partially stable below 30\\%   relative humidity but substantially deteriorated at higher levels. The   nonwovens exhibited optimal thermal insulation properties at a fiber   content between 20 and 25 kg/m3. The results of this study highlighted   several technical advantages of employing milkweed floss as a   sustainable and lightweight solution for thermal insulation.",10.3390/jcs8010016
1234,InProceedings,Towards Robust Detection of Open Source Software Supply Chain Poisoning Attacks in Industry Environments,"The exponential growth of open-source package ecosystems, particularly NPM and PyPI, has led to an alarming increase in software supply chain poisoning attacks. Existing static analysis methods struggle with high false positive rates and are easily thwarted by obfuscation and dynamic code execution techniques. While dynamic analysis approaches offer improvements, they often suffer from capturing non-package behaviors and employing simplistic testing strategies that fail to trigger sophisticated malicious behaviors. To address these challenges, we present OSCAR, a robust dynamic code poisoning detection pipeline for NPM and PyPI ecosystems. OSCAR fully executes packages in a sandbox environment, employs fuzz testing on exported functions and classes, and implements aspect-based behavior monitoring with tailored API hook points. We evaluate OSCAR against six existing tools using a comprehensive benchmark dataset of real-world malicious and benign packages. OSCAR achieves an F1 score of 0.95 in NPM and 0.91 in PyPI, confirming that OSCAR is as effective as the current state-of-the-art technologies. Furthermore, for benign packages exhibiting characteristics typical of malicious packages, OSCAR reduces the false positive rate by an average of 32.06% in NPM (from 34.63% to 2.57%) and 39.87% in PyPI (from 41.10% to 1.23%), compared to other tools, significantly reducing the workload of manual reviews in real-world deployments. In cooperation with Ant Group, a leading financial technology company, we have deployed OSCAR on its NPM and PyPI mirrors since January 2023, identifying 10,404 malicious NPM packages and 1,235 malicious PyPI packages over 18 months. This work not only bridges the gap between academic research and industrial application in code poisoning detection but also provides a robust and practical solution that has been thoroughly tested in a real-world industrial setting.",10.1145/3691620.3695262
1235,Article,Understanding participation and corporatization in service of diversity   in free/libre and open source software development projects,"Issues associated with a lack of diversity and inclusivity persist in   the domain of free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) development   and in software development generally. Researchers have suggested that   the corporatization of FLOSS affords opportunities for creating an   inclusive workforce. To understand the potential for firms to increase   diversity, we conducted a mixed-methods study of diversity and corporate   engagement in FLOSS projects. We integrate the results of a qualitative   survey and a big data analysis to understand developer perceptions of   corporate engagement and its association with gender and geographic   diversity. In the qualitative component, we collected responses from 64   FLOSS contributors to elicit their perspectives on corporate engagement.   In the quantitative component, we analyzed GitHub data from 38 projects   and 9,990 contributors to investigate differences in participation and   diversity based on corporate engagement. We find that contributors vary   across dimensions that can inform diversity interventions: stances   toward corporations and orientation towards individual/collective   benefits. Our results suggest that corporate engagement may limit a   project's contributor base and geographic diversity. Yet, organizations   subsidizing FLOSS have opportunities to increase access to projects   which would benefit diversity. This research serves to identify   individual and organizational factors which may harm and help diversity   initiatives.",10.1016/j.jss.2024.112163
1236,InProceedings,Using Semgrep OSS to Find OWASP Top 10 Weaknesses in PHP Applications: A   Case Study,"Given PHP's continuous success, it remains an important task to ensure   security in its applications. While code reviews are a common measure to   catch bugs during development, they lack scalability, are error-prone,   and time-consuming {[}2,38,41]. Thus, static analysis tools like Semgrep   emerged to provide programmatic feedback on code. But static analyses   often show low precision, which can jeopardize utility.   In this case study, we investigate precision rates for Semgrep OSS for   common web weaknesses from the OWASP Top 10 {[}35]. We explore method   and tool limitations in weakness detection, OWASP classes, and Semgrep's   public PHP rule set. We apply the latter to 300 open source   applications, invest 34 h in manual sample validation, and derive   precision rates for each OWASP class.   Our validation shows that the rules correctly detected weaknesses for   seven OWASP classes with 86\\% precision, demonstrating the tool's   utility. Yet, we estimate that most findings are not exploitable (81\\%).   Thus, there is still considerable assessment overhead for users. Our   work further highlights that only a subset of weaknesses are detectable,   as dimensions such as runtime context and insecure design remain hidden.   Finally, we advise practitioners to not exclusively rely on public   rules, as translating application-specific business logic and design   choices may open up to the detection of previously uncovered weaknesses.",10.1007/978-3-031-64171-8\\_4
1237,InProceedings,Using Semgrep OSS to&nbsp;Find OWASP Top 10 Weaknesses in&nbsp;PHP Applications: A Case Study,"Given PHP’s continuous success, it remains an important task to ensure security in its applications. While code reviews are a common measure to catch bugs during development, they lack scalability, are error-prone, and time-consuming&nbsp;[2, 38, 41]. Thus, static analysis tools like Semgrep emerged to provide programmatic feedback on code. But static analyses often show low precision, which can jeopardize utility.In this case study, we investigate precision rates for Semgrep OSS for common web weaknesses from the OWASP Top 10&nbsp;[35]. We explore method and tool limitations in weakness detection, OWASP classes, and Semgrep’s public PHP rule set. We apply the latter to 300 open source applications, invest 34&nbsp;h in manual sample validation, and derive precision rates for each OWASP class.Our validation shows that the rules correctly detected weaknesses for seven OWASP classes with 86\\% precision, demonstrating the tool’s utility. Yet, we estimate that most findings are not exploitable (81\\%). Thus, there is still considerable assessment overhead for users. Our work further highlights that only a subset of weaknesses are detectable, as dimensions such as runtime context and insecure design remain hidden. Finally, we advise practitioners to not exclusively rely on public rules, as translating application-specific business logic and design choices may open up to the detection of previously uncovered weaknesses.",10.1007/978-3-031-64171-8_4
1238,Article,VISION - an open-source software for automated multi-dimensional image   analysis of cellular biophysics,"Environment-sensitive probes are frequently used in spectral and   multi-channel microscopy to study alterations in cell homeostasis.   However, the few open-source packages available for processing of   spectral images are limited in scope. Here, we present VISION, a   stand-alone software based on Python for spectral analysis with improved   applicability. In addition to classical intensity-based analysis, our   software can batch-process multidimensional images with an advanced   single-cell segmentation capability and apply userdefined mathematical   operations on spectra to calculate biophysical and metabolic parameters   of single cells. VISION allows for 3D and temporal mapping of properties   such as membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential. We demonstrate   the broad applicability of VISION by applying it to study the effect of   various drugs on cellular biophysical properties. the correlation   between membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential, protein   distribution in cell-cell contacts and properties of nanodomains in   cell-derived vesicles. Together with the code, we provide a graphical   user interface for easy adoption.",10.1242/jcs.262166
1239,Article,Virtual collaborative spaces: a case study on the antecedents of   collaboration in an open-source software community,"Collaboration enables the sharing amongst individuals of resources and   knowledge required to innovate. In recent years, this phenomenon has   increasingly manifested in virtual collaborative spaces such as   open-source software communities because of the advancement in the use   of online technologies and the heightened need for distance work.   However, it is still unclear which underlying mechanisms foster   collaboration in these spaces. By using the Linux kernel open-source   software community as a case study, we analyze data from the   linux-pci@vger.kernel.org mailing list to model the influence of   proximity on the likelihood of collaboration between individuals. Our   dataset is composed of 10,513 message replies to the PCI mailing list   posted by its 654 active members in the years 2013 to 2015. Our results   show that geographical proximity does not have a direct impact on   collaboration, while organizational features defined by institutional   and organizational proximity do significantly affect collaboration.   Cognitive and social proximity also significantly, and positively,   affects collaboration, but these relationships show an inverted u-shaped   form. Our results confirm the need to develop specific theorizing about   virtual spaces, as they present unique features when compared to   traditional physical environments.",10.1111/radm.12599
1241,InProceedings,Vision: Identifying Affected Library Versions for Open Source Software Vulnerabilities,"Vulnerability reports play a crucial role in mitigating open-source software risks. Typically, the vulnerability report contains affected versions of a software. However, despite the validation by security expert who discovers and vendors who review, the affected versions are not always accurate. Especially, the complexity of maintaining its accuracy increases significantly when dealing with multiple versions and their differences. Several advances have been made to identify affected versions. However, they still face limitations. First, some existing approaches identify affected versions based on repository-hosting platforms (i.e., GitHub), but these versions are not always consistent with those in package registries (i.e., Maven). Second, existing approaches fail to distinguish the importance of different vulnerable methods and patched statements in face of vulnerabilities with multiple methods and change hunks.To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach, Vision, to accurately identify affected library versions (ALVs) for vulnerabilities. Vision uses library versions from the package registry as inputs. To distinguish the importance of vulnerable methods and patched statements, Vision performs critical method selection and critical statement selection to prioritize important changes and their context. Furthermore, the vulnerability signature is represented by weighted inter-procedural program dependency graphs that incorporate critical methods and statements. Vision determines ALVs based on the similarities between these weighted graphs. Our evaluation demonstrates that Vision outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, achieving a precision of 0.91 and a recall of 0.94. Additionally, our evaluation shows the practical usefulness of Vision in correcting affected versions in existing vulnerability databases.",10.1145/3691620.3695516
1242,InProceedings,Vul4Java: A Java OSS vulnerability identification method based on a   two-stage analysis,"Open source software (OSS) has been widely used to accelerate software   development, inevitably exposing downstr omissions and false positives;   omissions put applications and their users at risk, and false positives   increase the burden on software developers and users. Therefore, in this   paper, we propose a two-phase based approach for JAVA OSS vulnerability   analysis. To reduce underreporting, we construct a comprehensive   third-party library and vulnerability association database; to avoid   false positives, first, we use a static analysis method to extract the   structure-aware call graph (SACG) of oss and locate the information of   the vulnerability functions; second, we compare the similarity between   the OSS vulnerability functions and the pre-patch and post-patch   functions based on the vulnerability patches to determine the existence   of the patches in the OSS, and then verify the OSS vulnerability   information. We evaluate the method on a dataset of 7 open source   projects and 167 vulnerability information, and the F1 value of the   method is 0.779, which is higher than the currently available SOTA   tools.",10.1145/3677182.3677315
1244,Article,Vulnerabilities and Security Patches Detection in OSS: A Survey,"Over the past decade, Open Source Software (OSS) has experienced rapid growth and widespread adoption, attributed to its openness and editability. However, this expansion has also brought significant security challenges, particularly introducing and propagating software vulnerabilities. Despite the use of machine learning and formal methods to tackle these issues, there remains a notable gap in comprehensive surveys that summarize and analyze both Vulnerability Detection (VD) and Security Patch Detection (SPD) in OSS. This article seeks to bridge this gap through an extensive survey that evaluates 127 technical studies published between 2014 and 2023, structured around the Vulnerability-Patch lifecycle. We begin by delineating the six critical events that constitute the Vulnerability-Patch lifecycle, leading to an in-depth exploration of the Vulnerability-Patch ecosystem. We then systematically review the databases commonly used in VD and SPD, and analyze their characteristics. Subsequently, we examine existing VD methods, focusing on traditional and deep learning based approaches. Additionally, we organize current security patch identification methods by kernel type and discuss techniques for detecting the presence of security patches. Based on our comprehensive review, we identify open research questions and propose future research directions that merit further exploration.",10.1145/3694782
1245,Article,``Das Floß der Medusa{''}: About Problem of Henze's Political Engagement,"The article is devoted to one of the most famous works of H. W. Henze   ``Das Flog der Medusa{''} ({''}The Raft of Medusa{''}), often seen as an   example of Henze's political engagement. The author of the article   concludes that the oratorio was recognized as a political composition in   large part due to the accompanying circumstances of its creation and   premiere, but not based on the original idea and its realisation. The   author demonstrate ``Das Flog der Medusa{''} like a example of the   protest music as a direction that exposes not only fascism, but also any   form of social inequality, violence against the person. The study of the   features of choral style of ``Das Flog der Medusa{''} reveals parallels   in the textural structure between Henze's oratorio and Nono's works of   the 1950s ({''}La victoire de Guernica{''}, ``Il canto sospeso{''},   ``Intolleranza 1960{''}). The use of political text resources, the   operation of individual syllables and phonemes of a literary text, work   with multilingual verbal rows, the active use of diagonal texture - all   this brings together the choral works of two contemporaries. At the same   time, Henze's composition also reflected the searches in the field of   vocal timbre, characteristic of other composers of Darmstadt Summer   Course - the use of various modifications of speech singing ( Sprech-   gesang ), the latest techniques of vocal articulation (vocal tremolo,   prolongation of the anterolingual vibrant). All this together allows us   to talk about Henz's oratorio as one of the most peculiar choral   compositions of the late 1960s.",10.21638/spbu15.2024.102
1246,Article,``Needle{''} hidden in silk floss: Inactivation effect and mechanism of   melamine sponge loaded bismuth oxide composite copper-metal organic   framework (MS/Bi2O3@Cu-MOF) as floating photocatalyst on Microcystis   aeruginosa,"Photocatalytic technology showed significant potential for addressing   the issue of cyanobacterial blooms resulting from eutrophication in   bodies of water. However, the traditional powder materials were easy to   agglomerate and settle, which led to the decrease of photocatalytic   activity. The emergence of floating photocatalyst was important for the   practical application of controlling harmful algal blooms. This study   was based on the efficient powder photocatalyst bismuth oxide composite   copper-metal organic framework (Bi2O3 @Cu-MOF), which was successfully   loaded onto melamine sponge (MS) by sodium alginate immobilization to   prepare a floating photocatalyst MS/Bi2O3 @Cu-MOF for the inactivation   of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) under visible light. When the   capacity was 0.4 g (CA0.4), MS/Bi2O3 @Cu-MOF showed good photocatalytic   activity, and the inactivation rate of M. aeruginosa reached 74.462\\%   after 120 h. MS/Bi2O3 @Cu-MOF-CA0.4 showed a large specific surface area   of 30.490 m2/g and an average pore size of 22.862 nm, belonging to   mesoporous materials. After 120 h of treatment, the content of soluble   protein in the MS/Bi2O3 @Cu-MOF-CA0.4 treatment group decreased to 0.365   mg/L, the content of chlorophyll a (chla) was 0.023 mg/L, the content of   malondialdehyde (MDA) increased to 3.168 nmol/mgprot, and the contents   of various antioxidant enzymes experienced drastic changes, first   increasing and then decreasing. The photocatalytic process generated   center dot OH and center dot O2-, which played key role in inactivating   the algae cells. Additionally, the release of Cu2+ and adsorption of the   material also contributed to the process.",10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133273
1248,Article,A Blockchain-Based Copyright Management Scheme for Open-Source Software   and Hardware Designs,"Plagiarism in software code and hardware design threatens the   open-source movement and the software and hardware industries. It is   essential to differentiate between the unethical act of plagiarism and   the legitimate use of open-source resources. Existing copyright   protection measures, such as license design, inadequately address   copyright ownership and protection issues. Furthermore, they fail to   detect plagiarism methods for open-source hardware projects, such as   circuit location modification. To address these challenges, this paper   proposes a blockchain-based copyright management scheme, which   introduces a general originality detection model based on community   detection, extracting adjustable granularity digests from code and   design files. These digests are stored on a peer-to-peer blockchain,   enabling nodes to verify the originality via smart contracts.   Additionally, the scheme improves the storage structure, protecting the   rights of authors and contributors. Experimental results demonstrate the   effectiveness and runtime efficiency of the proposed model in extracting   digests for blockchain storage while maintaining verification accuracy.   The scheme offers enhanced generality, practical performance, and   suitability for distributed development and maintenance, with   considerable implications for evidence gathering, fostering innovation   and integrity.",10.26599/TST.2023.9010112
1249,Article,A free method for patient-specific 3D-VR anatomical modeling for   presurgical planning using DICOM images and open-source software,"Introduction: Surgeons commonly use cross sectional images to plan and   prepare for surgical procedures. However, cognitively translating 2D   images to surgical settings can be difficult and lead to sub-optimal   resections. Lymph node dissection can be challenging due to the   inability to locate small metastatic lesions, and their proximity to   at-risk organ(s). 3D volume rendered (3D-VR) patient specific images can   help to address these challenges. We created patient-specific 3D-VR   images using freely available open-source programs. Methods: This study   included patients part of the clinical trial NCT04857502. Patients   received a PET/CT prior to radioguided surgery. 3D Slicer was used to   segment anatomy of interest (organs and tumor lesion(s)). After   segmentation, the data was exported as an .OBJ file with an accompanying   .MTL file. Manipulation of the .MTL file to restore model properties to   the .OBJ file, were completed and both files were uploaded into Autodesk   Viewer. Surgeons then received an email link to access the finished   3D-VR model on their smartphone or laptop for peri-operative preparation   and/or guidance. Results: The method was used in a series of 14 patients   with prostate cancer undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection with   PSMA-radioguided robotic surgery using pre-operative PSMA PET/CT images   acquired on average 103 +/- 69 days prior to resection. The creation of   the 3D-VR models was successfully conducted in all 14 cases. In all   cases, the lesions identified on the pre-operative PET/CT imaging 3D-VR   models were successfully removed during surgery. Conclusion: We created   patient-specific anatomical 3D-VR models that the surgeons can use for   pre-surgical planning and intraoperative tumor localization, by applying   free, open-source software that could be used in any procedure requiring   careful and strategical planning.",10.1016/j.ymeth.2025.02.006
1250,Article,A methodology for assessing rooftop solar photovoltaic potential using   GIS open-source software and the EROI constraint,"Energy consumption and carbon emissions are concentrated in cities,   where 70 \\% of the global population is projected to live by 2050. Urban   environments must therefore be at the heart of any global energy   transition. Furthermore, land availability is a limiting factor for   renewable deployment and rooftop PV thus offers a clear advantage. This   research is based on the rooftop photovoltaic potential (RPVP) of the   city of Vitoria-Gasteiz; its ultimate goal is to provide stakeholders   with a useful and free tool to calculate a highly accurate RPVP   (including different tilt and orientation angles, shadowing, temperature   effect, energy return on energy investment (EROI) constraint and   available surface area) and based exclusively on free-to-use and   open-source software. The EROI constraint is a fundamental step towards   the net energy analysis being integrated in the RPVP assessment. This   paper is a contribution not only to the application of the EROI   constraint, but also to the calculation of this indicator. Results   improve on estimates commonly found in the literature. With an EROI > 5   (8.83 on average), Vitoria-Gasteiz has a RPVP of 473 GWh/year, able to   supply 38 \\% of the total electricity consumption of the city and where   50 \\% of total rooftop area is suitable for PV. Therefore, the rooftop   PV performance in Vitoria-Gasteiz is sufficiently good to provide the   net energy required to sustain today's industrial societies.   Additionally, this article provides valuable information, such as   rooftop usability factors, and an overall reduction factor (CT), useful   to extend RPVP assessment to larger areas using constant value methods.",10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115401
1252,Article,Aerodynamic analysis of airfoil with open source software,"In this study, the aerodynamic analysis of the NREL S826 wind turbine   blade profile, which has been a frequent topic of research in recent   years, was conducted using the open-source computational fluid dynamics   (CFD) software OpenFOAM. For the solution of the two-dimensional flow   field, the k-omega SST and Langtry-Menter Transition SST (gamma-(R) over   tildee theta(t)) turbulence models were employed, while the Transition   SST (gamma-(R) over tildee theta(t)) model was used for   three-dimensional analyses. All simulations were time-dependent and   solved using pimpleCentralFoam, a pressure-based, semi-implicit hybrid   solver. The obtained data were compared with experimental results and   examined in detail. The findings revealed that the hybrid solver used,   combined with the Transition SST (gamma-(R) over tildee theta(t))   turbulence model-frequently preferred for modeling transition to   turbulence-worked efficiently together and produced results closely   aligned with experimental data. Additionally, the numerical method   employed in this study offered a unique approach compared to other   studies in the literature, demonstrating significant success in   predicting the characteristics of pre-stall, stall, and post-stall   conditions.",10.17341/gazimmfd.1156600
1253,Article,"An alternative approach to code, store, and regenerate 3D data in dental   medicine using open-source software: A scripting-based technique","Purpose: To develop a scripting-based technique for managing   three-dimensional (3D) dental data and evaluate the regenerated standard   tessellation language (STL) data in terms of file size, accuracy   (trueness and precision), and processing time. Materials and Methods:   Ten STL dental and maxillofacial models were obtained from various   imaging technologies, including intraoral scanners, computer-aided   design (CAD) software, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and   saved as STL files. ChatGPT was used to generate Python scripts in   Blender for mesh simplification and data compression, which were then   saved as .py files. The models were regenerated from these scripts in   Blender, and their accuracy was assessed using GOM Inspect software,   comparing trueness and precision. Statistical analysis, including   Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, was conducted to evaluate   differences in file sizes between the original, Python-generated, and   regenerated STL files, with statistical analyses performed at a level of   significance alpha=0.05. Results: The scripting-based technique was   successfully utilized in ChatGPT to generate Python script code for   accessing comprehensive data on STL models, utilizing Blender's   scripting functionality. This approach enabled the generation,   regeneration, and visualization of STL models, resulting in   significantly smaller file sizes for both the Python script and   regenerated STL files compared to the original STL files (p < 0.001). No   significant differences in trueness were observed, with deviations   ranging from 0.0 <mu>m to 6.8 mu m, and all regenerated STL models   demonstrated perfect precision. Additionally, a proportional   relationship was noted between the original STL file sizes and   processing times. Conclusions: The scripting-based approach proved to be   effective in coding, storing, and regenerating STL dental data with   reduced file sizes and efficient processing times without compromising   the accuracy. Clinical Significance: Various STL dental models of   patients can be coded, stored, and regenerated to be used again within   efficient processing time without affecting the accuracy.",10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105652
1254,Article,Analyzing Key Features of Open Source Software Survivability with Random   Forest,"Open source software (OSS) projects rely on voluntary contributions, but   their long-term survivability depends on sustained community engagement   and effective problem-solving. Survivability, critical for maintaining   project quality and trustworthiness, is closely linked to issue   activity, as unresolved issues reflect a decline in maintenance capacity   and problem-solving ability. Thus, analyzing issue retention rates   provides valuable insights into a project's health. This study evaluates   OSS survivability by identifying the features that influence issue   activity and analyzing their relationships with survivability.   Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is employed to quantify issue activity   and visualize trends in unresolved issue rates, providing a measure of   project maintenance dynamics. A random forest model is used to examine   the relationships between project features-such as popularity metrics,   community engagement, code complexity, and project age-and issue   retention rates. The results show that stars significantly reduce issue   retention rates, with rates dropping from 0.62 to 0.52 as stars increase   to 4000, while larger codebases, higher cyclomatic complexity, and older   project age are associated with unresolved issue rates, rising by up to   15\\%. Forks also have a nonlinear impact, initially stabilizing   retention rates but increasing unresolved issues as contributions became   unmanageable. By identifying these critical factors and quantifying   their impacts, this research offers actionable insights for OSS project   managers to enhance project survivability and address key maintenance   challenges, ensuring sustainable long-term success.",10.3390/app15020946
1256,Article,Beyond Dependencies: The Role of Copy-Based Reuse in Open Source Software Development,"In Open Source Software, resources of any project are open for reuse by introducing dependencies or copying the resource itself. In contrast to dependency-based reuse, the infrastructure to systematically support copy-based reuse appears to be entirely missing. Our aim is to enable future research and tool development to increase efficiency and reduce the risks of copy-based reuse. We seek a better understanding of such reuse by measuring its prevalence and identifying factors affecting the propensity to reuse. To identify reused artifacts and trace their origins, our method exploits World of Code infrastructure. We begin with a set of theory-derived factors related to the propensity to reuse, sample instances of different reuse types, and survey developers to better understand their intentions. Our results indicate that copy-based reuse is common, with many developers being aware of it when writing code. The propensity for a file to be reused varies greatly among languages and between source code and binary files, consistently decreasing over time. Files introduced by popular projects are more likely to be reused, but at least half of reused resources originate from “small” and “medium” projects. Developers had various reasons for reuse but were generally positive about using a package manager.",10.1145/3715907
1257,Article,Building resource-efficient community databases using open-source   software,"The unprecedented volume of big data being routinely generated for   nonmodel crop species, coupled with advanced technology enabling the use   of big data in breeding, gives further impetus for the need to have   access to crop community databases, where all relevant data are curated   and integrated. Funding for such databases is, however, insufficient and   intermittent, resulting in the data being underutilized. While increased   awareness of the importance of funding databases is important, it is   practically necessary to find a more efficient way to build a community   database. To meet the need for integrated database resources for various   crop genomics, genetics, and breeding research communities, we have   built five crop databases over the last decade using an open-source   database platform and software. We describe the system and methods used   for database construction, curation, and analysis protocols, and the   data and tools that are available in these five crop databases.Database   URL: The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, www.rosaceae.org), the   Genome Database for Vaccinium (GDV, www.vaccinium.org), the Citrus   Genome Database (CGD, www.citrusgenomedb.org), the Pulse Crop Database   (PCD, www.pulsedb.org), and CottonGen (www.cottongen.org)",10.1093/database/baaf005
1258,Article,Dareplane: a modular open-source software platform for BCI research with   application in closed-loop deep brain stimulation,"Objective. This work introduces Dareplane, a modular and broad   technology-agnostic open source software platform for brain-computer   interface (BCI) research with an application focus on adaptive deep   brain stimulation (aDBS). One difficulty for investigating control   approaches for aDBS resides with the complex setups required for aDBS   experiments, a challenge Dareplane tries to address. Approach. The key   features of the platform are presented and the composition of modules   into a full experimental setup is discussed in the context of a   Python-based orchestration module. The performance of a typical   experimental setup on Dareplane for aDBS is evaluated in three benchtop   experiments, covering (a) an easy-to-replicate setup using an Arduino   microcontroller, (b) a setup with hardware of an implantable pulse   generator, and (c) a setup using an established and CE certified   external neurostimulator. The full technical feasibility of the platform   in the aDBS context is demonstrated in a first closed-loop session with   externalized leads on a patient with Parkinson's disease receiving DBS   treatment and further in a non-invasive BCI speller application using   code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP). Main results. The   platform is implemented and open-source accessible on   https://github.com/bsdlab/Dareplane. Benchtop results show that   performance of the platform is sufficient for current aDBS latencies,   and the platform could successfully be used in the aDBS experiment. The   timing-critical c-VEP speller could be successfully implemented on the   platform achieving expected information transfer rates. Significance.   The Dareplane platform supports aDBS setups, and more generally the   research on neurotechnological systems such as BCIs. It provides a   modular, technology-agnostic, and easy-to-implement software platform to   make experimental setups more resilient and replicable.",10.1088/1741-2552/adbb20
1259,Article,Developer reactions to protestware in open source software: the cases of   <monospace>color.js</monospace> and <monospace>es5.ext</monospace>,"There is growing concern about maintainers self-sabotaging their work in   order to take political or economic stances, a practice referred to as   ``protestware{''}. Our objective is to understand the discourse around   discussions on such an attack, how it is received by the community, and   whether developers respond to the attack in a timely manner. We study   two notable protestware cases i.e., colors.js and es5-ext. Results   indicate that protestware discussions are spread more quickly on the   GitHub platform, while security vulnerabilities are faster on social   media. By establishing a taxonomy of protestware discussions, we   identify posts that express stances and provide technical mitigation   instructions. We applied a thematic analysis to 684 protestware related   posts to identify five major themes during the discussions: i.   disseminate and response, ii. stance, iii. reputation, iv. communicative   styles, v. rights and ethics. This work sheds light on the nuanced   landscape of protestware discussions, offering insights for both   researchers and developers into maintaining a healthy balance between   the political or social actions of developers and the collective   well-being of the open-source community.",10.1007/s10664-024-10599-6
1260,Article,Economics of Open Source Software and AI Models,This article analyzes evolving practices regarding open source software   and open source artificial intelligence. It examines their economic and   social impacts and explores how the open source community is responding   to the restrictive licensing policies of major software companies.,10.1109/MC.2024.3488974
1261,InProceedings,Impact of Gender on OSS File Contributions,"We examine how gender impacts the use of specific programming languages, as analyzed across a stratified sample of 100k unique software developers from the World of Code (WoC) archive. A total of 50,000 male and 50,000 female developers are identified using the name-to-gender inference tool WikiGender-Sort. The top fifteen programming languages according to the 2024 StackOverflow Developer survey are considered. For each developer, we count the number of files that are edited in each programming language and compute the median across gender categories. Men and women tend to edit the same number of files among most programming languages, with the exception of developers using C#, C, Go, and Rust, which had more edits among men.",10.1145/3641555.3705198
1262,Article,Ingesting digital archives into long-term storage system through free   open-source software in South Africa,"PurposeIn South Africa, public institutions face challenges in   transitioning their digital records to trusted digital repositories due   to a deficiency in skills, infrastructure and systems. Free and   open-source software (FOSS) presents a viable solution for facilitating   the transfer of digital archives for permanent preservation. Despite the   existence of FOSS policy in South Africa, the public sector has yet to   fully use it to engage in the development and implementation of products   for records management and archive preservation using open-source   software. This study aims to explore the ingestion of digital archives   into an approved long-term storage system through FOSS in South Africa   with the view of developing a framework.Design/methodology/approachThe   study adopted a qualitative research approach to collect data through   interviews with purposively selected participants (records managers,   archivists and IT officials) from national government departments that   have implemented records management systems for digital curation of   archives, as well as the National Archives and Records Services of South   Africa (NARSSA), which regulates archives and records management, and   the State Information Technology Agency, which regulates information   technology in government.FindingsThe findings of the study suggest that   the systematic transfer of digital materials from public entities to   NARSSA, as required by statute, has not taken place.Research   limitations/implicationsThe study specifically targeted national   government departments that have implemented digital archives and   records management systems. Consequently, perspectives from departments   that have not implemented these solutions were   excluded.Originality/valueA framework is proposed for the transfer of   digital archives, using interoperable FOSS, from government agencies   responsible for records management to NARSSA for archival preservation.   This framework, it is hoped, will facilitate infrastructure and skills   development in the management of records and preservation of archives   through open platforms.",10.1108/CC-02-2024-0003
1263,Article,KRILLSCAN: An automated open-source software for processing and analysis   of echosounder data from the Antarctic krill fishery,"Krillscan software was developed to automatically process echosounder   data and achieve an accelerated and transparent analysis of backscatter   data that allows calculation of target biomass. Herein, the fishery for   Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba, Henceforth Krill) was used as a case   study to develop the approach. Implementation of a sustainable   management strategy for the krill fishery is complicated by a lack of   regularly updated krill abundance data on spatiotemporal scales of the   fishery. To increase krill biomass data availability, automatic   echosounder data processing and swarm detection software was tested   against traditional manual scrutinization with LSSS software and agreed   with only minor offsets in estimated nautical area scattering   coefficients. In addition to automatic processing and data transfer,   Krillscan also has a graphical user interface to supervise automatic   krill swarm detection. Echogram size can be compressed up to 100 times   and raw data are processed faster than generated, thereby enabling   near-real time analysis and data transfer. Compressed data can be   transmitted online to allow fishing vessels to conduct surveys without   having scientific personnel with special expertise on board.",10.1111/fme.12739
1264,Article,LAMB: An open-source software framework to create artificial   intelligence assistants deployed and integrated into learning management   systems,"This paper presents LAMB (Learning Assistant Manager and Builder), an   innovative open-source software framework designed to create AI-powered   Learning Assistants tailored for integration into learning management   systems. LAMB addresses critical gaps in existing educational AI   solutions by providing a framework specifically designed for the unique   requirements of the education sector. It introduces novel features,   including a modular architecture for seamless integration of AI   assistants into existing LMS platforms and an intuitive interface for   educators to create custom AI assistants without coding skills. Unlike   existing AI tools in education, LAMB provides a comprehensive framework   that addresses privacy concerns, ensures alignment with institutional   policies, and promotes using authoritative sources. LAMB leverages the   capabilities of large language models and associated generative   artificial intelligence technologies to create generative intelligent   learning assistants that enhance educational experiences by providing   personalized learning support based on clear directions and   authoritative fonts of information. Key features of LAMB include its   modular architecture, which supports prompt engineering,   retrieval-augmented generation, and the creation of extensive knowledge   bases from diverse educational content, including video sources. The   development and deployment of LAMB were iteratively refined using a   minimum viable product approach, exemplified by the learning assistant:   ``Macroeconomics Study Coach,{''} which effectively integrated lecture   transcriptions and other course materials to support student inquiries.   Initial validations in various educational settings demonstrate the   potential that learning assistants created with LAMB have to enhance   teaching methodologies, increase student engagement, and provide   personalized learning experiences. The system's usability, scalability,   security, and interoperability with existing LMS platforms make it a   robust solution for integrating artificial intelligence into educational   environments. LAMB's open-source nature encourages collaboration and   innovation among educators, researchers, and developers, fostering a   community dedicated to advancing the role of artificial intelligence in   education. This paper outlines the system architecture, implementation   details, use cases, and the significant benefits and challenges   encountered, offering valuable insights for future developments in   artificial intelligence assistants for any sector.",10.1016/j.csi.2024.103940
1265,Article,Multifaceted formal methods and their interdisciplinary role - From the   cathedral of `components as coalgebras' to the HCI context and the open   source software bazaar,"In this article we revisit the history of formal methods with a focus on   important aspects that contribute to their interdisciplinary role. We   consider: the variability of mathematical representation techniques on   which the theoretical foundations of formal methods are based; formal   methods multidisciplinarity; their capability to serve at a meta-level   in providing the semantics of programming languages, specification and   modelling languages as well as higher- level and domain-specific formal   notations; and, finally, how some of these higher-level and   domain-specific notations may be lifted at an interdisciplinary level.   Within this historical review, we are inspired by Luis Barbosa's   ``components as coalgebras{''} approach in seeing that the duality   data-process is underlying all those aspects of formal methods. We also   see that such a duality may not only be expressed in universal terms   within category theory, but may also be characterised in practical terms   and focused applications by two distinct logic paradigms, equational   logic for the data and rewriting logic for the process, by two modelling   directions, forward process definitions and backward data-driven process   transformations, and by the distinction between syntax, defined by the   data structures, and semantics, provided by rewrite rules. We use the   Maude modelling language to illustrate the application of the data-   process duality. In fact, Maude use equational logic to define data   types and rewriting logic to express system evolution. Illustrative   examples are from the areas of cognitive science and human- computer   interaction (HCI). We then define a data-driven model transformation,   which we call elaborative mining, , which adopts a backward perspective   to recover a behaviour that was observed in real life but was not   predicted forward by the original model. Finally, we see how the ``open   source software bazaar{''}, which is a metaphor for the apparently   chaotic open source development process, offers us a big data context to   lift the driving process for model transformation from deterministic to   statistical.",10.1016/j.jlamp.2024.101006
1266,Article,Open or closing doors? The influence of `digital sovereignty' in the   EU's Cybersecurity Strategy on cybersecurity of open-source software,"`Digital sovereignty' is the geopolitical mantra of the moment. A key   agent of that policy shift, the European Union ('EU') has increasingly   embraced `digital sovereignty' as both the ideological foundation and   impetus for building its digital future in accordance with `European   values and principles,' often driven by and intersecting with   cybersecurity concerns as articulated in its 2020 Cybersecurity Strategy   for the Digital Decade ('Strategy'). Yet it is impossible to consider   cybersecurity without open-source software ('OSS'). Increasingly, the   EU, USA and other Governments have recognised that fact in the wake of   HeartBleed and Log4j incidents. OSS' decentralised governance and   ubiquity, underpinning most software worldwide, may amplify   vulnerabilities and adverse effects of cyberattacks, whilst its   typically collaborative model of development and innovation often   fosters valuable, open cybersecurity solutions. In navigating that   policy tightrope of OSS as a double-edged sword for cybersecurity, the   EU has adopted `closed' language of `digital sovereignty' that is   ostensibly contrary to the `open' nature of OSS. That rhetorical duality   is particularly pronounced since the EU described OSS as a tool for   realising its `digital sovereignty,' in addition to policy support for   `a global, open, interoperable cyberspace' alongside the pursuit of   `digital sovereignty.' While there is a epistemic gap in understanding   the relationship between the EU's rhetoric of `digital sovereignty' and   reality, nascent studies indicate that it has a tangible effect on   policy change in multiple digital spheres, generally furthering a degree   of `control.' However, that relationship within the OSS cybersecurity   context has underexplored and poorly understood, although that policy is   a priority for the EU and may bear significant implications for OSS   globally. Particularly analyzing the Cyber Resilience Act ('CRA') as key   means for implementing the EU's Strategy and its first cybersecurity   legislation that would comprehensively engage OSS if adopted by the   Council, this article argues that the EU's desire to strengthening   cybersecurity in OSS is generally welcome. Yet there is an ostensibly a   disjunct between `digital sovereignty' that underpins that legislation   and OSS cybersecurity, with too much control of OSS potentially proving   counterproductive for EU cybersecurity. This paper illustrates that (i)   it is imperative for the EU to address OSS cybersecurity; (ii) yet the   lens of digital sovereignty is ostensibly a rough fit for that approach,   considering OSS' philosophy and practice; and (iii) based on the CRA,   EU's practice of translating `digital sovereignty' into policy change is   mixed, leaving uncertain ramifications for OSS cybersecurity in the EU   and beyond. On the one hand, it moves towards more `control' at least in   determining definitional parameters and power dynamics with novel   `stewardship' positions for certain OSS entities. That said, the EU   generally seeks to leverage OSS to further their regional embrace of OSS   rather than to exclude others. Ultimately, the EU has a valuable   leadership opportunity to drive forward solutions to OSS cybersecurity   in collaboration with others whilst avoiding fragmentation, keeping   doors open in recognising that global challenges demand global   solutions. That is in its enlightened self-interest.",10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106078
1267,Article,Optimization based on expanded maintenance model considering OSS edge   computing,"We have proposed the maintenance effort assessment model based on two   Wiener processes for the operation of open source software (OSS) used in   the edge computing in the past. In particular, we consider that this   proposed model can assess the reliability by using three dimensional   graph. Then, we have proposed two-dimensional modeling based on the   effort management in the past. In this paper, we propose new expanded   maintenance model considering OSS edge computing by expanding the   existing two Wiener processes model in order to consider the network   environment under the edge OSS operation. Especially, it is important to   control the amount of maintenance effort expense in the long-term phase.   Then, we propose the optimization method based on the past   two-dimensional Wiener processes model. Thereby, it will be helpful to   assess the operation effort expenditures with network environment of   edge OSS service. Moreover, actual effort data sets are analyzed to show   numerical examples of the proposed optimization method considering the   network environment under the edge OSS operation.",10.1007/s10479-024-06407-5
1268,Article,Optimization based on expanded maintenance model considering {OSS} edge computing,"We have proposed the maintenance effort assessment model based on two Wiener processes for the operation of open source software (OSS) used in the edge computing in the past. In particular, we consider that this proposed model can assess the reliability by using three dimensional graph. Then, we have proposed two-dimensional modeling based on the effort management in the past. In this paper, we propose new expanded maintenance model considering OSS edge computing by expanding the existing two Wiener processes model in order to consider the network environment under the edge OSS operation. Especially, it is important to control the amount of maintenance effort expense in the long-term phase. Then, we propose the optimization method based on the past two-dimensional Wiener processes model. Thereby, it will be helpful to assess the operation effort expenditures with network environment of edge OSS service. Moreover, actual effort data sets are analyzed to show numerical examples of the proposed optimization method considering the network environment under the edge OSS operation.",10.1007/s10479-024-06407-5
1269,Article,Optimizing fully-efficient two-stage models for genomic selection using   open-source software,"Genomic-assisted breeding has transitioned from theoretical concepts to   practical applications in breeding. Genomic selection (GS) predicts   genomic breeding values (GEBV) using dense genetic markers. Single-stage   models predict GEBVs from phenotypic observations in one step, fully   accounting for the entire variance-covariance structure among genotypes,   but face computational challenges. Two-stage models, preferred for their   simplicity and efficiency, first calculate adjusted genotypic means   accounting for spatial variation within each environment, then use these   means to predict GEBVs. However, unweighted (UNW) two-stage models   assume independent errors among adjusted means, neglecting correlations   among estimation errors. Here, we show that fully-efficient two-stage   models perform similarly to UNW models for randomized complete block   designs but substantially better for augmented designs. Our simulation   studies demonstrate the impact of the fully-efficient methodology on   prediction accuracy across different implementations and scenarios.   Incorporating non-additive effects and augmented designs significantly   improved accuracy, emphasizing the synergy between design and model   strategy. Consistent performance requires the estimation error   covariance to be incorporated into a random effect (Full\\_R model)   rather than into the residuals. Our results suggest that the   fully-efficient methodology, particularly the Full\\_R model, should be   more prevalent, especially as GS increases the appeal of sparse designs.   We also provide a comprehensive theoretical background and open-source R   code, enhancing understanding and facilitating broader adoption of   fully-efficient two-stage models in GS. Here, we offer insights into the   practical applications of fully-efficient models and their potential to   increase genetic gain, demonstrating a   13.80\\%\\textbackslash{}documentclass{[}12pt]\\{minimal\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{amsmath\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{wasysym\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{amsfonts\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{amssymb\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{amsbsy\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{mathrsfs\\}   \\textbackslash{}usepackage\\{upgreek\\}   \\textbackslash{}setlength\\{\\textbackslash{}oddsidemargin\\}\\{-69pt\\}   \\textbackslash{}begin\\{document\\}\\$\\$13.80\\textbackslash{}\\%\\$\\$\\textbac   kslash{}end\\{document\\} improvement after five selection cycles when   moving from UNW to Full\\_R models.",10.1186/s13007-024-01318-9
1270,Article,Predicting Issue Resolution Time of OSS Using Multiple Features,"Developers utilize issue tracking systems to track ideas, feedback,   tasks, and bugs for projects in the open-source software ecosystem of   GitHub. In this context, extensive bug reports and feature requests are   raised as issues that need to be resolved. This makes issue resolution   prediction become more and more important in project management. To   address this problem, this paper constructed a multiple feature set from   the perspectives of project, issue, and developer, by combining static   and dynamic features of issues. Then, we refine a feature set based on   the feature's importance. Furthermore, we proposed a method to explore   what features and how these features affect the prediction of issue   resolution time. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of 46,735   resolved issues from 18 popular GitHub projects to validate the   effectiveness of the refined feature set. The results show that our   prediction method outperforms the baseline methods.",10.1002/smr.2746
1271,Article,Quality enhancement in OSS development process: a quantitative framework   approach,"Evaluating the quality of Open Source Software (OSS) on the basis of   quantitative success indicators is critically important for project   maintainers to assess their performance as well as for businesses and   individuals to verify that the software meets their unique requirements.   Owing to the unrestricted access to source code, version control   information, and bug tracking database, a comprehensive study on the   Development Process associated with an OSS project is feasible. In the   present research study, a comparison framework has been developed to   quantitatively assess and compare the quality of the Development Process   of a multitude of OSS projects on the basis of various project   dimensions. Five multi-criteria decision analysis techniques have been   employed to apply the framework on ten OSS projects and the results are   compared with an existing quality assessment model. The findings of the   comparative analysis reveal that along with conforming to the results   produced by the existing assessment model, the proposed framework   provides an opportunity for a detailed analysis of the OSS projects,   benefiting potential adopters in aligning their needs to the projects   and aiding maintainers in strategic resource allocation to weaker areas   of the project.",10.1007/s11219-024-09705-0
1273,Article,Second version of the open-source software GSA for gamma-ray spectrum   analysis,"The collaboration among the PRESN team, LaMCScI laboratory and CNESTEN   center made it possible to implement the first version of the GSA   software. Its first version is already available to the public; it is   not only free but also an open source, demonstrating the developers'   commitment to promoting the open sharing of scientific knowledge. This   first version is characterized by its flexibility and non-commerciality,   and it is available without any conditions on the following website:   https://www.github.com/LAHCEN-EL-AMRI/Gamma-Spectra-Analysis, allowing   users to add personal options, making it a particularly adaptable tool   to the different requirements of scientific research. This article deals   with the second version of GSA, which focuses on a core and   complementary feature: the calculation of isotope activity. In order to   accomplish this goal, instead of implementing a single efficiency   formula, as is often the case in most software, four formulas were   integrated. The users can therefore select the one they want to   implement. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of this new feature, a   validation was performed on GSA. The results obtained with GSA v2 were   carefully studied by comparing them to those obtained with the renowned   Genie 2000 software. Owing to this comparison step, it was possible to   verify and confirm the accuracy of the results of GSA version 2. This   second version of GSA is available as a free and open source software on   the following site:   https://www.github.com/LAHCEN-EL-AMRI/GSA-v2/tree/master.",10.1039/d4ja00398e
1274,Article,Systematic Literature Review of Commercial Participation in Open Source Software,"Open source software (OSS) has been playing a fundamental role in not only information technology but also our social lives. Attracted by various advantages of OSS, increasing commercial companies are participating extensively in open source development, and this has had a broad impact. Enormous research efforts have been devoted to understanding this phenomenon and trying to pursue a win-win result. To characterize the current research achievement and identify challenges, this article provides a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of existing research on company participation in OSS. We collected 105 papers and organized them based on their research topics, which cover three main directions, i.e., participation motivation, contribution model, and impact on OSS development. We found that companies have diverse motivations from economic, technological, and social aspects, and no one study covered all the motivation categories. Existing studies categorize five main companies’ contribution models in OSS projects through their objectives and how they shape OSS communities. Researchers also explored how commercial participation affects OSS development, including companies, developers, and OSS projects. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of commercial participation in OSS development. Based on our findings, we present a set of research challenges and promising directions for companies’ better participation in OSS.",10.1145/3690632
1275,Article,The Adoption of Open Source Software Among Universities in Iraq: The   Moderating Role of AI Capability,"Open source software (OSS) is a trendy innovation that is being used by   all organizations. However, the usage of OSS is still limited in higher   education. This research examines the adoption of OSS among universities   in Iraq, focusing on the moderating role of artificial intelligence (AI)   capabilities. The research is aimed at exploring how factors such as   perceived ease of use (PEOU), compatibility, perceived risk, security,   and cost-effectiveness influence OSS adoption. Using a quantitative   research methodology, data was collected from 272 university   decision-makers and analysed using Smart PLS 4. The results of the study   indicate that factors such as PEOU, compatibility, perceived risk,   security, and cost-effectiveness have a significant positive influence   on the adoption of OSS. The research findings provide valuable insights   for decision-makers in university settings who are grappling with the   intricate process of adopting OSS. These findings offer valuable   insights for higher education institutions in Iraq and other developing   regions seeking to adopt OSS.",10.1155/hbe2/9937783
1276,Article,The GeoTox Package: open-source software for connecting spatiotemporal   exposure to individual and population-level risk,"BackgroundComprehensive environmental risk characterization,   encompassing physical, chemical, social, ecological, and lifestyle   stressors, necessitates innovative approaches to handle the escalating   complexity. This is especially true when considering individual and   population-level diversity, where the myriad combinations of real-world   exposures magnify the combinatoric challenges. The GeoTox framework   offers a tractable solution by integrating geospatial exposure data from   source-to-outcome in a series of modular, interconnected   steps.ResultsHere, we introduce the GeoTox open-source R software   package for characterizing the risk of perturbing molecular targets   involved in adverse human health outcomes based on exposure to   spatially-referenced stressor mixtures. We demonstrate its usage in   building computational workflows that incorporate individual and   population-level diversity. Our results demonstrate the applicability of   GeoTox for individual and population-level risk assessment, highlighting   its capacity to capture the complex interplay of environmental stressors   on human health.ConclusionsThe GeoTox package represents a significant   advancement in environmental risk characterization, providing modular   software to facilitate the application and further development of the   GeoTox framework for quantifying the relationship between environmental   exposures and health outcomes. By integrating geospatial methods with   cutting-edge exposure and toxicological frameworks, GeoTox offers a   robust tool for assessing individual and population-level risks from   environmental stressors. GeoTox is freely available at   https://niehs.github.io/GeoTox/.",10.1186/s40246-024-00711-8
1277,Article,The octoPus: An open-source software for supporting farmers in   the control of grapevine downy mildew,"Achieving the European Green Deal objectives necessitates adopting   Integrated Pest Management practices as the standard. The limited   availability of open-source software for predicting crop fungal diseases   hinders European farmers and extension services from tailoring crop   protection strategies based on weather conditions favorable for   infections. Here, we introduce the octoPus, a free digital tool   featuring an ensemble of models predicting grapevine downy mildew   outbreaks, enhanced by a machine learning algorithm and a large language   model, aimed at providing science-based and easy-to-interpret decision   support. The octoPus can be adapted to different scenarios and extended   with additional models by third parties. With a focus on open access and   code sharing, the octoPus promotes a transparent and informed approach   to designing sustainable crop protection strategies.",10.1016/j.softx.2025.102085
1278,Article,Understanding the OSS Communities of Deep Learning Frameworks: A   Comparative Case Study of PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW,"Over the past two decades, deep learning has received tremendous success   in developing software systems across various domains. Deep learning   frameworks have been proposed to facilitate the development of such   software systems, among which, PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW stand out as   notable examples. Considerable attention focuses on exploring software   engineering practices and addressing diverse technical aspects in   developing and deploying deep learning frameworks and software systems.   Despite these efforts, little is known about the open source software   communities involved in the development of deep learning frameworks. In   this article, we perform a comparative investigation into the open   source software communities of the two representative deep learning   frameworks, PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW. To facilitate the investigation, we   compile a dataset of 2,792 and 3,288 code commit authors, along with   9,826 and 19,750 participants engaged in issue events on GITHUB, from   the two communities, respectively. With the dataset, we first   characterize the structures of the two communities by employing four   operationalizations to classify contributors into various roles and   inspect the contributions made by common contributors across the two   communities. We then conduct a longitudinal analysis to characterize the   evolution of the two communities across various releases, in terms of   the numbers of contributors with various roles and role transitions   among contributors. Finally, we explore the causal effects between   community characteristics and the popularity of the two frameworks. We   find that the TENSORFLOW community harbors a larger base of   contributors, encompassing a higher proportion of core developers and a   more extensive cohort of active users compared to the PYTORCH community.   In terms of the technical background of the developers, 64.4\\% and   56.1\\% developers in the PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW communities are   employed by the leading companies of the corresponding open source   software projects, Meta and Google, respectively; 25.9\\% and 21.9\\% core   developers in the PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW communities possess Ph.D.   degrees, while 77.2\\% and 77.7\\% contribute to other machine learning or   deep learning open source projects, respectively. Developers   contributing to both communities demonstrate spatial and temporal   similarities to some extent in their pull requests across the respective   projects. The evolution of contributors with various roles exhibits a   consistent upward trend over time in the PYTORCH community. Conversely,   a noticeable turning point in the growth of contributors characterizes   the evolution of the TENSORFLOW community. Both communities show a   statistically significant decreasing trend in the inflow rates of core   developers. Furthermore, we observe statistically significant causal   effects between the expansion of communities and retention of core   developers and the popularity of deep learning frameworks. Based on our   findings, we discuss implications, provide recommendations for   sustaining open source software communities of deep learning frameworks,   and outline directions for future research.",10.1145/3705303
