adaptation-slr/SLR_references_total/SLR_references_1/201-300-ProQuestDocuments-2025-02-27.bib

@article{liao_zhifang_classification_2024,
	title = {Classification of open source software bug report based on transfer learning},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {02664720},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/classification-open-source-software-bug-report/docview/3032788076/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/exsy.13184},
	abstract = {Currently, the feature richness of text encoding vectors in the bug report classification model based on deep learning is limited by the size of the domain dataset and the quality of the text. However, it is difficult to further enrich the features of text encoding vectors. At the same time, most existing bug report classification methods ignore the submitter's personal information. To solve these problems, we construct nine personal information characteristics of bug report submitters in GitHub by survey. Then, we propose a GitHub bug report classification method named personal information fine‐tuning network (PIFTNet) based on transfer learning and the submitter's personal information. PIFTNet transfers the general text feature vectors in bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) to the domain of bug report classification by fine‐tuning the pre‐training parameters in BERT. It also combines the text characteristics and the characteristics of the submitter's personal information to construct the classification model. In addition, we propose a two‐stage training method to alleviate the catastrophic changes in the pre‐training parameters and loss of the initially learned knowledge caused by direct training of PIFTNet. We verify the proposed PIFTNet on the dataset extracted from GitHub and empirical results prove the effectiveness of PIFTNet.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Expert Systems},
	author = {{Liao Zhifang} and Wang, Kun and {Zeng Qi} and {Liu Shengzong} and Zhang, Yan and {He Jianbiao}},
	month = may,
	year = {2024},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers--Artificial Intelligence, Personal information, Deep learning, Classification, Mathematical models, Debugging, Coding, Datasets, Bug report classification, Parameters, Submitter's personal information, Transfer learning, Tuning},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2024 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-05},
}

@article{zhou_examining_2023,
	title = {Examining {Users}’ {Contribution} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {08874417},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/examining-users-contribution-open-source-software/docview/2884936915/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/08874417.2022.2155268},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) communities rely on the high-quality codes contributed by community members. However, users often tend to acquire codes from the community and are reluctant to contribute their knowledge. Integrating the motivational theory and social capital theory, this article intends to explore users’ contribution in OSS communities. A mixed method of SEM and fsQCA was used to perform data analysis. We found that intrinsic motivations (flow experience and self-efficacy), extrinsic motivations (perceived reputation and reciprocity), social interaction ties, community identification, and common language positively affect users’ contribution intention. Trust has no effect on the contribution intention. The fsQCA results indicated that flow experience, perceived reputation, reciprocity and trust are the common core conditions of four configurations leading to contribution intention. The results suggest that OSS communities need to be concerned with users’ motivations and develop social capital in order to encourage their contribution.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {The Journal of Computer Information Systems},
	author = {Zhou, Tao and Yuan, Qingqing},
	month = nov,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Stillwater
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, contribution, Motivation, Social capital, Data analysis, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Reciprocity, fsQCA, Lingua franca, motivational theory, OSS community, Social factors},
	pages = {1382--1393},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2023 International Association for Computer Information Systems},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-13},
}

@article{monteiro_disentangling_2023,
	title = {Disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: {A} comment on {Foss} et al. (2021)},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {01432095},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/disentangling-role-institutional-environment/docview/2834858422/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1002/smj.3462},
	abstract = {Research SummaryWe extend the ownership competence framework by discussing how the features of the institutional environment influence the exercise of ownership competence. Two amendments are proposed. First, we add a new dimension to the framework, institutional competence (“where to own”), which denotes that individuals and firms have heterogeneous abilities to assess how an institutional environment affects the potential uses of a resource. Second, we argue that institutional uncertainty moderates the three original dimensions of the framework, impairing the exercise of ownership competence of some entrepreneurs and firms more than of others. We use examples from the literature to illustrate our arguments. We also discuss the implications of our analysis.Managerial SummaryThe ownership competence framework is built on the idea that business owners have different abilities to deploy resources and create value. Starting from this contribution, we shed light on the specific role that the institutional environment plays in the exercise of ownership competence. We argue that the ownership competence framework must explicitly consider where ownership takes place in order to explain the actions of entrepreneurs and firms. We also claim that institutional uncertainty can influence value creation in more subtle ways than indicated in the original formulation of the ownership competence framework. All in all, this article paves the way for institutional aspects to be considered more explicitly in the strategic analysis of ownership.},
	language = {English},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
	author = {Monteiro, Guilherme Fowler A and {Bruno Varella Miranda}},
	month = aug,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Chicago
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Institution, Uncertainty, Business And Economics--Management, Ownership, Companies, value creation, Strategic management, Business ownership, Competence, Entrepreneurs, Frame analysis, Institutional aspects, institutional competence, institutional environment, institutional uncertainty, Owners, ownership competence, Value creation, Value proposition},
	pages = {1939--1954},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2023 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-15},
}

@article{savage_locking_2023,
	title = {Locking {Down} {Secure} {Open} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/locking-down-secure-open-source-software/docview/2811700039/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1145/3586584},
	abstract = {Panic rippled through the cybersecurity world in early Dec 2021 as word spread about a newly discovered vulnerability in a piece of open source software used by millions. A string of code called Log4J, which instructs programs written in Java to create a record of program activity, would allow attackers to insert malicious code into programs. The flaw led to risks in software used by government agencies, Web service providers such as Amazon Web Services and Apple iCloud, and even video games such as Minecraft. The Log4J issue earned a rare rating of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, signaling the highest level of risk, and cybersecurity experts warned the effects could be felt for years until every affected program can be secured. It focused attention on the need to ensure the safety of open source software, which exists in most of the devices and applications used by individuals, corporations, governments, and utilities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Savage, Neil},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computer security, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Java, Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Public domain, 51711:Wired and Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite), Internet service providers, Computer \& video games, Vulnerability, Risk assessment, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, JavaScript, Risk levels, Web services},
	pages = {13},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery May 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-16},
}

@article{anonymous_oss_2023,
	title = {{OSS} {Supply}-{Chain} {Security}: {What} {Will} {It} {Take}?},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/oss-supply-chain-security-what-will-take/docview/2800250016/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1145/3583119},
	abstract = {While enterprise security teams naturally tend to turn their focus primarily to direct attacks on their own infrastructure, cybercrime exploits now are increasingly aimed at easier targets upstream--within the open source software supply (OSS) chains that enterprises and other organizations have come to rely upon. This has led to a perfect storm, since virtually all significant codebase repositories at this point include at least some amount of open source software, given that is where a wealth of innovation is available to be tapped. But opportunities also abound there for the authors of malware, since it's a setup they can leverage to spread the seeds of their exploits far and wide. Here, Kaczorowski et al discuss what's being done at this point to address the apparent risks, and the issues and questions developers and security experts ought to be considering.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {{Anonymous}},
	month = apr,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computer security, Software, Open-source software, Risk management, Security, Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Supply chains, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, Malware, Supply chain},
	pages = {48},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Apr 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-16},
}

@article{malgonde_resilience_2023,
	title = {Resilience in the {Open} {Source} {Software} {Community}: {How} {Pandemic} and {Unemployment} {Shocks} {Influence} {Contributions} to {Others}' and {One}'s {Own} {Projects}},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/resilience-open-source-software-community-how/docview/2783221355/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.25300/MISQ/2022/17256},
	abstract = {Contributions by individual open source software (OSS) community members are the lifeblood of the OSS projects that power today's digital economy and are important for the very survival of such communities. Individual contributions by OSS community members to others' projects and their own determine whether OSS communities are resilient in the face of major shocks. Arguably, if crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic prompt users to reduce their contributions to others' projects relative to the contributions to their own projects, such behavior can have implications for the overall resilience of the OSS community. Therefore, whether and how individuals change their contributions in the face of a crisis is an important question. We examine whether members in an OSS community increased or decreased their contributions to others' projects relative to their own in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, a sudden and unexpected global health-related shock that has affected almost everyone. We also compare and contrast this behavior when the OSS community faced increasing unemployment, an economic cyclic shock that is arguably and relatively more personal. Drawing on the concept of prosocial behavior and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we hypothesize that the pandemic increased OSS community members' contributions to others' projects relative to their own; on the other hand, the threat of rising unemployment decreased OSS community members' contributions to others' projects relative to their own. Our empirical analyses of a longitudinal dataset of over 18,000 OSS community members on GitHub, with more than 1.4 million member-day observations, support our hypotheses. This study contributes by uncovering the differential effects of exogenous health-related and economic shocks on the resilience of the OSS community. We conclude with a discussion of our findings' implications for OSS community resilience.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Malgonde, Onkar S and Saldanha, Terence J V and Mithas, Sunil},
	month = mar,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, COVID-19, Computers, Resilience, Pandemics, Public health, Community, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Pandemic, Prosocial behavior, Public domain, Empirical analysis, Unemployment, Nature conservation, Resource conservation},
	pages = {361},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Mar 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-17},
}

@article{raffel_viewpoint_2023,
	title = {Viewpoint: {Building} {Machine} {Learning} {Models} like {Open} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/viewpoint-building-machine-learning-models-like/docview/2776200879/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1145/3545111},
	abstract = {Raffel proposes a community-based system for model development. Transfer learning-using a machine learning (ML) model that has been pretrained as a starting point for training on a different, but related task--as proven itself as an effective way to make models converge faster to a better solution with less-labeled data. These benefits have led pretrained models to see a staggering amount of reuse; for example, the pretrained BERT model has been downloaded tens of millions of times. The majority of the ML research community is therefore excluded from the design and creation of these shared resources.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Raffel, Colin},
	month = feb,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Artificial intelligence, Software, Open-source software, Machine learning, Transfer learning, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, Bert},
	pages = {38},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Feb 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-17},
}

@article{abrahao_open_2023,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software}: {Communities} and {Quality}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-communities-quality/docview/2834308674/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2023.3270779},
	abstract = {This edition of the “Practitioner’s Digest” features recent papers on open source software related to toxicity in open source discussions, newcomers in open source projects, quality of ansible scripts, code review practices, orphan vulnerabilities in open source software, and the relationship between community and design smells.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Abrahao, Silvia and Staron, Miroslaw and Serebrenik, Alexander and Penzenstadler, Birgit and Capilla, Rafael},
	editor = {{Silvia Abrahao} and {Miroslaw Staron}},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Toxicity, Software, Codes, Computers--Software, Source code, Toxicology},
	pages = {96--99},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-07-08},
}

@article{tan_understanding_2023,
	title = {Understanding {Mentors}’ {Engagement} in {OSS} {Communities} via {Google} {Summer} of {Code}},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-mentors-engagement-oss-communities/docview/2814541650/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2023.3242415},
	abstract = {A constant influx of newcomers is essential for the sustainability and success of open source software (OSS) projects. However, successful onboarding is always challenging because newcomers face various initial contributing barriers. To support newcomer onboarding, OSS communities widely adopt the mentoring approach. Despite its significance, previous mentoring studies tend to focus on the newcomer's perspective, leaving the mentor's perspective relatively under-studied. To better support mentoring, we study the popular Google Summer of Code (GSoC). It is a well-established global program that offers stipends and mentors to students aiming to bring more student developers into OSS development. We combine online data analysis, an email survey, and semi-structured interviews with the GSoC mentors to understand their motivations, challenges, strategies, and gains. We propose a taxonomy of GSoC mentors’ engagement with four themes, ten categories, 34 sub-categories, and 118 codes, as well as the mentors’ attitudes toward the codes. In particular, we find that mentors participating in GSoC are primarily intrinsically motivated, and some new motivators emerge adapting to the contemporary challenges, e.g., sustainability and advertisement of projects. Forty-one challenges and 52 strategies associated with the program timeline are identified, most of which are first time revealed. Although almost all the challenges are agreed upon by specific mentors, some mentors believe that several challenges are reasonable and even have a positive effect. For example, the cognitive differences between mentors and mentees can stimulate new perspectives. Most of the mentors agreed that they had adopted these strategies during the mentoring process, but a few strategies recommended by the GSoC administration were not agreed upon. Self-satisfaction, different skills, and peer recognition are the main gains of mentors to participate in GSoC. Eventually, we discuss practical implications for mentors, students, OSS communities, GSoC programs, and researchers.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Tan, Xin and Zhou, Minghui and Zhang, Li},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Mentors, Motivation, Data analysis, Students, Open-source software, Task analysis, Strategy, Mentoring, Sustainability, open source communities, Internet, Encoding, Codes, Taxonomy, Mentor, Computers--Software, taxonomy, Challenge, mentoring process, Mentorship, newcomer onboarding, summer of code},
	pages = {3106--3130},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{racero_impact_2022,
	title = {The impact of leadership styles and motivations: lessons from {Open} {Source} {Software} projects for educational organizations},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {09537325},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-leadership-styles-motivations-lessons-open/docview/2731285764/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/09537325.2021.1963698},
	abstract = {This work focuses on the Open Source Software (OSS) topic in education, using a leadership and motivational perspective. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the teachers’ motivation to contribute to OSS projects for teaching. A structural equation model (SEM) has been defined under the postulates of the Path-Goal leadership theory and Motivational Behaviour. This model has tried to explain and predict the use of OSS solutions by teachers in an educational context. The findings confirm the positive relationships between transactional and transformational leaderships with extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Additionally, the findings show the positive relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations and the contributions to the OSS project in teaching. This research suggests several implications for both leaders and members of an OSS project in an educational context. First, the contribution of teachers and instructors to the project is greater when the motivation is fostered by the leader. Second, this study finds that motivating the participants of a project – teachers in this case – is highly recommended, in order to reach a successful adoption of OSS solutions for education.},
	language = {English},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Technology Analysis \& Strategic Management},
	author = {Racero, F José and Bueno, Salvador and Gallego, M Dolores},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Leadership, Motivation, motivations, Software, Open-source software, Intrinsic motivation, Open Source Software, Context, leadership, Education, teachers, Public domain, Leadership style, Multivariate statistical analysis, Structural equation modeling, Teachers, Teaching, Technology: Comprehensive Works, Transactional leadership, Transformational leadership},
	pages = {1449--1463},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-19},
}

@article{samuel_deconstructing_2022,
	title = {Deconstructing the {Nature} of {Collaboration} in {Organizations} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {The} {Impact} of {Developer} and {Task} {Characteristics}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/deconstructing-nature-collaboration-organizations/docview/2726130360/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2021.3108935},
	abstract = {One opportunity for organizations to participate in open source software (OSS) development is through organizations OSS (orgsOSS), a term we use to describe a group of organizations that commit resources to collectively develop OSS. This archetype of OSS development is distinct from other types that include organizations, yet is understudied. As organizations increasingly contribute to and rely on OSS as part of their strategy, understanding how they can collaborate to build software holds importance for the future of software development. This study collects a unique dataset of development tasks from a large orgsOSS project spanning over two years and seven releases. Building on existing OSS research, we explore norms with respect to collaboration, i.e., how developers assign, discuss, and complete tasks, in an orgsOSS project. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that developers in orgsOSS do not always adhere to ideals of widespread sharing and participation espoused by traditional OSS, however some developer and task characteristics helped foster these ideals. Based on these and other findings, we develop a set of propositions and associated collaboration mechanisms that are important to future orgsOSS and other similarly structured software development projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {10},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Samuel, Binny M and Bala, Hillol and Daniel, Sherae L and Ramesh, V},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Information systems, Norms, Collaboration, open source software, Open-source software, Task analysis, Writing, Organization, Software development, Standards organizations, open source software collaboration, organizations open source software development, task assignment, task criticality, task time clarity, Public domain, Developer, Computers--Software, Task},
	pages = {3969--3987},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-12-02},
}

@article{gede_artha_azriadi_prana_including_2022,
	title = {Including {Everyone}, {Everywhere}: {Understanding} {Opportunities} and {Challenges} of {Geographic} {Gender}-{Inclusion} in {OSS}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/including-everyone-everywhere-understanding/docview/2714955135/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2021.3092813},
	abstract = {The gender gap is a significant concern facing the software industry as the development becomes more geographically distributed. Widely shared reports indicate that gender differences may be specific to each region. However, how complete can these reports be with little to no research reflective of the Open Source Software (OSS) process and communities software is now commonly developed in? Our study presents a multi-region geographical analysis of gender inclusion on GitHub. This mixed-methods approach includes quantitatively investigating differences in gender inclusion in projects across geographic regions and investigate these trends over time using data from contributions to 21,456 project repositories. We also qualitatively understand the unique experiences of developers contributing to these projects through a survey that is strategically targeted to developers in various regions worldwide. Our findings indicate that gender diversity is low across all parts of the world, with no substantial difference across regions. However, there has been statistically significant improvement in diversity worldwide since 2014, with certain regions such as Africa improving at faster pace. We also find that most motivations and barriers to contributions (e.g., lack of resources to contribute and poor working environment) were shared across regions, however, some insightful differences, such as how to make projects more inclusive, did arise. From these findings, we derive and present implications for tools that can foster inclusion in open source software communities and empower contributions from everyone, everywhere.},
	language = {English},
	number = {9},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {{Gede Artha Azriadi Prana} and Ford, Denae and Rastogi, Ayushi and Lo, David and Purandare, Rahul and Nagappan, Nachiappan},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, GitHub, gender, software engineering, Software engineering, OSS, Software, Open-source software, diversity, Industries, empirical studies, Gender issues, Software development management, Europe, Public domain, Computers--Software, Industrial development, Gender, Gender aspects, Gender diversity, Gender gap, geographic regions, Geographical distribution, Inclusion, Toy manufacturing industry, Working conditions},
	pages = {3394--3409},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-20},
}

@article{li_redundancy_2022,
	title = {Redundancy, {Context}, and {Preference}: {An} {Empirical} {Study} of {Duplicate} {Pull} {Requests} in {OSS} {Projects}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/redundancy-context-preference-empirical-study/docview/2650298132/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2020.3018726},
	abstract = {OSS projects are being developed by globally distributed contributors, who often collaborate through the pull-based model today. While this model lowers the barrier to entry for OSS developers by synthesizing, automating and optimizing the contribution process, coordination among an increasing number of contributors remains as a challenge due to the asynchronous and self-organized nature of distributed development. In particular, duplicate contributions, where multiple different contributors unintentionally submit duplicate pull requests to achieve the same goal, are an elusive problem that may waste effort in automated testing, code review and software maintenance. While the issue of duplicate pull requests has been highlighted, to what extent duplicate pull requests affect the development in OSS communities has not been well investigated. In this paper, we conduct a mixed-approach study to bridge this gap. Based on a comprehensive dataset constructed from 26 popular GitHub projects, we obtain the following findings: (a) Duplicate pull requests result in redundant human and computing resources, exerting a significant impact on the contribution and evaluation process. (b) Contributors’ inappropriate working patterns and the drawbacks of their collaborating environment might result in duplicate pull requests. (c) Compared to non-duplicate pull requests, duplicate pull requests have significantly different features, e.g., being submitted by inexperienced contributors, being fixing bugs, touching cold files, and solving tracked issues. (d) Integrators choosing between duplicate pull requests prefer to accept those with early submission time, accurate and high-quality implementation, broad coverage, test code, high maturity, deep discussion, and active response. Finally, actionable suggestions and implications are proposed for OSS practitioners.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Li, Zhixing and Yu, Yue and Zhou, Minghui and Wang, Tao and Yin, Gang and Long, Lan and Wang, Huaimin},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Automation, Collaboration, Tools, Context, Testing, Encoding, Computer bugs, Synchronization, social coding, Project, Computers--Software, Integrators, Cloning, distributed collaboration, Duplicate pull requests, pull-based development model, Redundancy, Reproduction (copying)},
	pages = {1309--1335},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-13},
}

@article{menendez-caravaca_exploring_2021,
	title = {Exploring the link between free and open source software and the collaborative economy: {A} {Delphi}-based scenario for the year 2025},
	volume = {173},
	issn = {00401625},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/exploring-link-between-free-open-source-software/docview/2604532086/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121087},
	abstract = {Despite the growth experienced by the Collaborative Economy in recent years, there are still unexplored gaps within this phenomenon. One of the areas of study with scarce literature is linked with the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies based on collaborative environments, such as Free and Open Source Software, on the spread of the Collaborative Economy. Some questions are raised, such as: (1) To what extent do organizations linked with Collaborative Economy make use of Free and Open Source Software?, (2) What are the incentives that motivate the implementation of Free and Open Source Software in Collaborative Economy companies?, (3) What use do Collaborative Economy companies give to Free and Open Source Software?, and (4) Is there a greater use of Free and Open Source Software expected for the coming years among these organizations? To answer these questions, a study based on the Delphi method has been designed. To this end, a panel of 15 high-level experts in the field was formed. From the consensus of the experts, a significant role for Free and Open Source Software in the different collaborative components and industries is evident, with the current levels practically being maintained by the year 2025.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
	author = {Menéndez-Caravaca, Eloísa and Bueno, Salvador and Gallego, M Dolores},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Sociology, Information technology, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Incentives, Companies, Public domain, Freeware, Property, Free and open-source software, Delphi method, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Collaborative economy, Delphi, Questions},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Dec 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-12-05},
}

@article{john_qi_dong_project_2021,
	title = {Project leaders as boundary spanners in open source software development: {A} resource dependence perspective},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {13501917},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/project-leaders-as-boundary-spanners-open-source/docview/2559383916/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/isj.12313},
	abstract = {Digital social innovation is important for addressing various social needs, especially from those who are economically disadvantaged. For instance, open source software (OSS) is developed by mass collaboration on digital communities to provide software users free alternatives to commercial products. OSS is particularly valuable to meet the needs of numerous disadvantaged users for whom proprietary software is not affordable. While OSS projects are lack of formal organizational structure, project leaders play a significant role in initiating and managing these projects and eventually, influencing the degree to which the developed software is used and liked by users. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we investigate the impacts of two team‐level characteristics of OSS project leaders (ie, size and tenure) on how well the developed software can address users' needs, with regard to the quantity of software being used by users and the quality of software to users' satisfaction. Further, from a resource dependence perspective, we examine the moderating role of project leaders' network ties in shaping the contingency of these effects. By using a large‐scale dataset from 43 048 OSS development projects in SourceForge community, we find empirical evidence corroborating our theory. Taken together, our findings suggest the boundary‐spanning role of project leaders in developing digital social innovation.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Information Systems Journal},
	author = {{John Qi Dong} and Götz, Sebastian Johannes},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, software development, open source software, Open-source software, resource dependence theory, social innovation, Computers--Computer Systems, Software development, Public domain, Freeware, Project, Innovations, Organizational structure, User satisfaction, Contingency, digital innovation, project leaders, Resource dependence theory, Social innovation},
	pages = {672--694},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2021 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-15},
}

@article{august_competition_2021,
	title = {Competition {Among} {Proprietary} and {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Firms}: {The} {Role} of {Licensing} in {Strategic} {Contribution}},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {00251909},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/competition-among-proprietary-open-source/docview/2536540439/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2020.3674},
	abstract = {In enterprise software markets, firms are increasingly using services-based business models built on open-source software (OSS) to compete with established, proprietary software firms. Because third-party firms can also strategically contribute to OSS and compete in the services market, the nature of competition between OSS constituents and proprietary software firms can be complex. Moreover, their incentives are likely influenced by the licensing schemes that govern OSS. We study a three-player game and examine how open-source licensing affects competition among an open-source originator, an open-source contributor, and a proprietor competing in an enterprise software market. In this regard, we examine (1) how quality investments and prices are endogenously determined in equilibrium, (2) how license restrictiveness impacts equilibrium investments and the quality of offerings, and (3) how license restrictiveness affects consumer surplus and social welfare. Although some in the open-source community often advocate restrictive licenses such as the GNU General Public License because it is not always in the best interest of the originator for the contributor to invest greater development effort, such licensing can actually be detrimental to both consumer surplus and social welfare when it exacerbates this incentive conflict. We find such an outcome in markets characterized by software providers with similar development capabilities yet cast in favor of the proprietor. In contrast, when these capabilities either become more dispersed or remain similar but tilt in favor of open source, a more restrictive license instead encourages greater effort from the OSS contributor, leads to higher OSS quality, and provides a larger societal benefit.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Management Science},
	author = {August, Terrence and Chen, Wei and Zhu, Kevin},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Software, Open-source software, Licenses, Incentives, Companies, Competition, Game theory, Markets, Public domain, Licensing, Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations, Prices, Best interests, Economic value added, Equilibrium, Social welfare},
	pages = {3041},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences May 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-09-09},
}

@article{zhang_companies_2021,
	title = {Companies’ {Participation} in {OSS} {Development}–{An} {Empirical} {Study} of {OpenStack}},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/companies-participation-oss-development-empirical/docview/2582248219/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2019.2946156},
	abstract = {Commercial participation continues to grow in open source software (OSS) projects and novel arrangements appear to emerge in company-dominated projects and ecosystems. What is the nature of these novel arrangements? Does volunteers’ participation remain critical for these ecosystems? Despite extensive research on commercial participation in OSS, the exact nature and extent of company contributions to OSS development, and the impact of this engagement may have on the volunteer community have not been clarified. To bridge the gap, we perform an exploratory study of OpenStack: a large OSS ecosystem with intense commercial participation. We quantify companies’ contributions via the developers that they provide and the commits made by those developers. We find that companies made far more contributions than volunteers and the distribution of the contributions made by different companies is also highly unbalanced. We observe eight unique contribution models based on companies’ commercial objectives and characterize each model according to three dimensions: contribution intensity, extent, and focus. Companies providing full cloud solutions tend to make both intensive (more than other companies) and extensive (involving a wider variety of projects) contributions. Usage-oriented companies make extensive but less intense contributions. Companies driven by particular business needs focus their contributions on the specific projects addressing these needs. Minor contributors include community players (e.g., the Linux Foundation) and research groups. A model relating the number of volunteers to the diversity of contribution shows a strong positive association between them.},
	language = {English},
	number = {10},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Zhang, Yuxia and Zhou, Minghui and Mockus, Audris and Jin, Zhi},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Cloud computing, software development, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Ecosystems, Companies, Biological system modeling, Computers--Software, Open source ecosystem, Company, commercial participation, contribution extent, contribution focus, contribution intensity, Openstack},
	pages = {2242--2259},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{butler_company_2021,
	title = {On {Company} {Contributions} to {Community} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/on-company-contributions-community-open-source/docview/2552159873/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2019.2919305},
	abstract = {The majority of contributions to community open source software (OSS) projects are made by practitioners acting on behalf of companies and other organisations. Previous research has addressed the motivations of both individuals and companies to engage with OSS projects. However, limited research has been undertaken that examines and explains the practical mechanisms or work practices used by companies and their developers to pursue their commercial and technical objectives when engaging with OSS projects. This research investigates the variety of work practices used in public communication channels by company contributors to engage with and contribute to eight community OSS projects. Through interviews with contributors to the eight projects we draw on their experiences and insights to explore the motivations to use particular methods of contribution. We find that companies utilise work practices for contributing to community projects which are congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities that support their short- and long-term needs. We also find that companies contribute to community OSS projects in ways that may not always be apparent from public sources, such as employing core project developers, making donations, and joining project steering committees in order to advance strategic interests. The factors influencing contributor work practices can be complex and are often dynamic arising from considerations such as company and project structure, as well as technical concerns and commercial strategies. The business context in which software created by the OSS project is deployed is also found to influence contributor work practices.},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Butler, Simon and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bjorn and Brax, Christoffer and Sjoberg, Johan and Mattsson, Anders and Gustavsson, Tomas and Feist, Jonas and Lonroth, Erik},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Interviews, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Licenses, work practices, Technological innovation, Companies, Project management, Public domain, Software Projects, Computers--Software, Company structure, Community development, company contribution, Core making},
	pages = {1381--1401},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{vera-baquero_open_2021,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} as the {Main} {Driver} for {Evolving} {Software} {Systems} {Toward} a {Distributed} and {Performant} {E}-{Commerce} {Platform}: {A} {Zalando} {Fashion} {Store} {Case} {Study}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {15209202},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-as-main-driver-evolving/docview/2483254650/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MITP.2020.2994993},
	abstract = {The migration of legacy monolith systems toward a microservice architecture is a large-scale, nontrivial technical activity and investment. This shift would be infeasible without the use of robust underlying software that can sustain a big part of this work and sort the complexities involved. A myriad of Open Source Software (OSS) projects are available in the community for this purpose, however, many companies may remain reluctant to adopt them as the cornerstone for their new evolved systems that can work at scale. Ownership, security, quality concerns, or support confidence are widely common reasons. Furthermore, these concerns are intensified when the OSS is to take part in critical sections of the evolved system. Using a complex case study from Zalando, this article aims to give some light to both researchers and practitioners into the use of OSS to drive this evolution, and the impact that the OSS can have on the adopting system.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IT Professional Magazine},
	author = {Vera-Baquero, Alejandro and Phelan, Owen and Slowinski, Pawel and Hannon, John},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Productivity, Software, Open-source software, Computer architecture, Evolution, Case studies, Estimation, Reliability, Reliability engineering, Distributed computing, Public domain, Engineering, Software system, Elasticity, Microservices},
	pages = {34--41},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-17},
}

@article{christian_taskbased_2021,
	title = {Task‐based structures in open source software: revisiting the onion model},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {00336807},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/task-based-structures-open-source-software/docview/2469708009/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/radm.12428},
	abstract = {Studies on Open Source Software (OSS) developer communities have long stated that there is a relationship between community structure and tasks carried out by project members. This relationship has been exemplified by the onion model, which has been instrumental in understanding self‐coordination in OSS projects. Despite its ubiquity, there is a lack of empirical evidence to validate the relative position of each task cluster within the onion model. In this study, we map out the community structure of a large open source project and observe its bug‐fixing patterns to explore the relationship between tasks and structure. Our study makes three significant contributions. First, we find no empirical evidence to support the structural location of bug‐fixing tasks in the onion structure. Second, we find empirical evidence to support the core‐periphery continuum model linking an actor’s coreness to problem‐solving ability. Third, our results suggest that the importance and location of each task within the core‐periphery structure evolve over time. These findings add clarity to the community structure and their implications for the management and coordination of collaborative innovation projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {R \& D Management},
	author = {Christian, Jose and Vu, Anh N},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Public domain, Community structure},
	pages = {87--100},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-12-03},
}

@article{kendall_third_2020,
	title = {The {Third} {Design} {Space}: {A} postcolonial perspective on corporate engagement with open source software communities},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {13501917},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/third-design-space-postcolonial-perspective-on/docview/2352536913/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/isj.12270},
	abstract = {Corporations increasingly engage with open source software communities in the co‐creation of software. This collaboration between corporate professionals and open source software community members is strikingly different from the early days of software development where for‐profit firms attempted to dominate and control the industry while attempting to throttle the success of independent developers offering an alternative, open source option. While many metaphors like trading zones, common pool resources and ecosystems have helped understand the phenomenon, the metaphors do not portray what the industry was like before and after the transition. We adopt a postcolonial metaphor as an analytical lens to examine such collaboration based on qualitative data gathered over three years from executives, managers and developers within corporations that engage in open source software development. Drawing on these insights, we then theorize a “Third Design Space,” based on the concept of the third space proposed by Bhabha. This metaphor encourages the cultivation of a new design environment, creation of new design associations and circulation of shared design resources. Together these practices and behaviours make it possible to nurture innovative methods and new rituals for designing software with results and methods that represent a distinct departure from the competitive and proprietary past, even creating innovative artefacts that could not have been created without the Third Design Space.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Information Systems Journal},
	author = {Kendall, Kenneth E and Kendall, Julie E and Germonprez, Matt and Mathiassen, Lars},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Collaboration, Open source, software development, open source software, Open-source software, metaphor, Computers--Computer Systems, Software development, Public domain, Qualitative analysis, Metaphor, Cultivation, postcolonialism, Postcolonialism, Third Design Space, third space, Throttles},
	pages = {369--402},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2019. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-21},
}

@article{marks_confusion_2020,
	title = {Confusion and collectivism in the {ICT} sector: {Is} {FLOSS} the answer?},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0143831X},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/confusion-collectivism-ict-sector-is-floss-answer/docview/2370374345/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/0143831X17695441},
	abstract = {Information and communication technology (ICT) workers rarely join trade unions. This is usually explained by the individualized nature of work. This article examines broader forms of collectivism for these workers, drawing on survey and interview data. The focus is on social class, attitudes towards unions and professional bodies and participation in the broader ICT community – specifically Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS). The findings reveal absence of formal collective frames of reference or organization, yet the creativity, autonomy and initiative central to the identity of ICT workers may offer opportunities for collectivization particularly with regard to participation in FLOSS communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Economic and Industrial Democracy},
	author = {Marks, Abigail and {Chillas Shiona} and Galloway, Laura and Maclean, Gavin},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: London
Publisher: Sage Publications Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Identity, Political Science, Communication, Information technology, open source software, Participation, Software, Social classes, Communications technology, Creativity, Autonomy, Property, Floss, 81393:Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations, Class, collectivism, Collectivism, Collectivization, Confusion, ICT workers, Labor unions, Professional attitudes, Social attitudes, Social class, Trade union, unions, Workers},
	pages = {167--188},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author(s) 2017},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-21},
}

@article{medappa_does_2019,
	title = {Does {Superposition} {Influence} the {Success} of {FLOSS} {Projects}? {An} {Examination} of {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Development} by {Organizations} and {Individuals}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/does-superposition-influence-success-floss/docview/2307721543/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1287/isre.2018.0829},
	abstract = {Collaboration through open superposition describes the dominant work orchestration mechanism observed in free (Libre) and open-source (FLOSS) software, wherein the software development occurs by the sequential layering of individual tasks. This work orchestration mechanism is different from the traditional idea of software development, where the focus is toward cowork and concurrent development facilitated by a modular software design architecture. Our study theorizes and examines the motivational mechanisms that operate within superposed work structures to influence the success of FLOSS projects. We also unearth the contextual conditions that may limit the influence of the superposed nature of work on FLOSS project success. Furthermore, given the increasing use of FLOSS by organizations, we investigate the specificities brought to these motivational mechanisms when FLOSS projects are owned by organizations. The results from our analysis of over 6,500 FLOSS projects hosted on GitHub support a nonlinear relationship between the degree of superposition and the success of the FLOSS project. Moreover, we find that the type of ownership moderates this nonlinear relationship such that (1) organizational ownership mitigates the influence of the degree of superposition on the success of the project and that (2) under organizational ownership, the optimal degree of superposition (the point at which the success of the project is at a maximum) is lower than for individual-owned projects. This research advances our understanding of work structures, motivation, and organizational participation in FLOSS environments by describing the influence of task structures on the success of projects. The study also provides FLOSS practitioners with valuable insights for modeling project task structures to facilitate their success.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Medappa, Poonacha K and Srivastava, Shirish C},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Motivation, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Computer architecture, Ownership, Success, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Project management, Software development, Freeware, 51821:Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services, Modular design, Project Success, Superposition},
	pages = {764},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Sep 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{maruping_developer_2019,
	title = {Developer {Centrality} and the {Impact} of {Value} {Congruence} and {Incongruence} on {Commitment} and {Code} {Contribution} {Activity} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/developer-centrality-impact-value-congruence/docview/2283390283/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.25300/MISQ/2019/13928},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) communities are dependent on the code contributions of developers who, in many cases, never meet face-to-face and collaborate primarily through technology-enabled means. With their fluid membership, such communities often rely on engaging the commitment of developers to their cause. Given the changing nature of OSS communities, developers face barriers in appreciating appropriate ways of contributing to the collaborative effort. Such uncertainty about how to contribute results in OSS communities losing developers as they devote their attention to other, more welcoming, communities. In this research, we draw upon uncertainty reduction theory to argue that developers have two alternative avenues at their disposal to gain certainty about how to contribute: passive and interactive. Leveraging the person–environment fit perspective, we argue that congruence and incongruence in the OSS values of a developer and an OSS community serve as an avenue for passive approaches to gaining certainty, to the degree that appropriate ways of contributing are encoded in these values. Further, leveraging social network theory, we argue that centrality within a community's communication network constitutes an avenue for interactive approaches for gaining certainty about how to contribute. Using polynomial regression analysis, we analyze survey and archival data from 410 developers in an OSS community. Results suggest that developer centrality moderates the impact of congruence and incongruence in OSS values on commitment. Moreover, commitment fully mediates the impact of OSS value congruence and incongruence on developer contribution activity. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Maruping, Likoebe M and Daniels, Sherae L and Cataldo, Marcelo},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Uncertainty, Computers, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Regression analysis, Social networks, Commitment, Public domain, Developer, Impact fees, Congruence, Polynomials},
	pages = {951},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Sep 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-25},
}

@article{yuwei_lin_gendered_2019,
	title = {Gendered work culture in free/libre open source software development},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {09686673},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/gendered-work-culture-free-libre-open-source/docview/2257969279/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/gwao.12255},
	abstract = {This article adopts a feminist perspective to examine masculine work culture in the development of free/libre open source software. The authors draw on a case study of the ‘Heidi bug’ discovered during the development of the Mozilla Firefox web browser to examine how ‘gendered talk’ was (en)‐acted to facilitate ‘bricolage’ in an online work environment. Such gendered talks contain cultural references familiar to male developers. Though seemingly innocuous, such acts could be seen as a performance of gender that simply reflects the hegemonic heterosexual masculine culture manifested in an online virtual work space. The virtual work space therefore can be exclusive to those who shared the cultural references. Although it may not necessarily be ignorance or insensitivity of male developers, a more gender‐balanced, women‐friendly and inclusive workplace certainly would benefit from a more diverse environment. This article highlights the gendered aspect of software development through examining the language use and mainstream ‘bricolage’ practice, and establishes a compelling ground for enlarging the talent pool to include more women and integrating gender ethics (e.g., raising awareness of sensitive language and design approaches) into computer ethics education.},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Gender, Work and Organization},
	author = {{Yu‐Wei Lin} and den Besten, Matthijs},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Ethics, Qualitative research, Masculinity, Women, Business And Economics--Management, open innovation, Software, Feminism, Case studies, Internet, Software development, Case study, Public domain, Freeware, Property, Corporate culture, Free, Work environment, Consciousness, Computer ethics, Gender, Ability, Bricolage, Cultural change, free/libre open source software, gendered talks, Hegemony, heterohegemonic masculinity, Heterosexuality, humour, Ignorance, Language usage, Moral education, online virtual work space, Organizational culture, work cultures, Workplaces},
	pages = {1017--1031},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2019 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-25},
}

@article{hussan_munir_how_2019,
	title = {How {Companies} {Use} {OSS} {Tools} {Ecosystems} for {Open} {Innovation}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {15209202},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-companies-use-oss-tools-ecosystems-open/docview/2314390885/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MITP.2019.2893134},
	abstract = {Moving toward the open innovation (OI) model requires multifaceted transformations within companies. It often involves giving away the tools for product development or sharing future product directions with open tools ecosystems. Moving from the traditional closed innovation model toward an OI model for software development tools shows the potential to increase software development competence and efficiency of organizations. We report a case study in software-intensive company developing embedded devices (e.g., smartphones) followed by a survey in OSS communities such as Gerrit, Git, and Jenkins. The studied branch focuses on developing Android phones. This paper presents contribution strategies and triggers for openness. These strategies include avoid forking OSS tools, empower developers to participate in the ecosystem, steer ecosystems through contributions, create business through differentiation, and create new ecosystems. The triggers of openness are from 30 different companies with examples. Finally, openness requires a cultural change aligned with strategies and business models.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {IT Professional Magazine},
	author = {{Hussan Munir} and Runeson, Per and Wnuk, Krzysztof},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Software, Product development, Ecosystems, Business, Software development management, Strategic planning, Androids, Open systems, Innovations, Engineering, Company structure, Electronic devices, Embedded systems, Open innovation, Programming tool, Smartphones, Software development tools},
	pages = {40--45},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-23},
}

@article{marsan_toward_2019,
	title = {Toward {Solving} {Social} and {Technical} {Problems} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Ecosystems}: {Using} {Cause}-and-{Effect} {Analysis} to {Disentangle} the {Causes} of {Complex} {Problems}},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/toward-solving-social-technical-problems-open/docview/2169460203/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2018.2874323},
	abstract = {Many open source software (OSS) products today are market leaders, 1 which suggests that the development of OSS is key to the growth of the software industry. OSS projects increasingly tend to be incorporated in large-scale projects or "software ecosystems" to reduce effort and accelerate innovation.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Marsan, Josianne and Templier, Mathieu and Marois, Patrick and Adams, Bram and Carillo, Kevin and {Georgia Leida Mopenza}},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociotechnical systems, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Ecosystems, Agile software development, cause-and-effect analysis, code quality, loss of contributors, software ecosystem, Public domain, Software industry, Freeware, Innovations, Computers--Software, Ishikawa diagram},
	pages = {34--41},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{balle_life_2018,
	title = {The life cycle process of knowledge sharing in free software communities: {Sharing} profiles and motivations},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {10924604},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/life-cycle-process-knowledge-sharing-free/docview/2082030930/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1002/kpm.1569},
	abstract = {Knowledge is an obtainable, renewable, dynamic, context‐dependent resource that can be shared, and the knowledge sharing cycle has 2 processes: knowledge donation, when a person voluntarily offers his/her intellectual capital to others, and knowledge collection, when a person consults other people's intellectual capital. Knowledge can be shared among individuals, groups, and organizations. A free software community is a type of community of practice arranged around a specific free software, where the knowledge shared is complex and the knowledge sharing processes have scarcely been studied. This investigation aims to identify the profiles of knowledge sharing processes in free software communities and examine how 6 motivations for sharing knowledge in free software communities are associated with each of the clusters. To accomplish this objective, a survey method was adopted, with 260 respondents belonging to free software communities. Cluster analysis was used to interpret the data. Four clusters were identified: Sporadic Sharer; Collector; Donator; and Constant Sharer. With the exception of the Sporadic Sharer, all the clusters presented high values of both collection and donation, including the Donators and Collectors. These results confirm the view of free software communities as communities of practice and highlight the importance of knowledge sharing in free software development cycle. The results reveal the importance of the Constant Sharer profile, which has the highest rates of donation and collection and is also the profile in which all the motivations appear with the highest values, indicating its key role in the functioning of free software communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Knowledge and Process Management},
	author = {Balle, Andrea Raymundo and Oliveira, Mírian},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Place: Chichester
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Motivation, Business And Economics--Management, Software, Knowledge sharing, Free software, Software development, Freeware, Life cycle engineering, Communities of practice, Cluster analysis, Community of practice, Intellectual capital},
	pages = {143--152},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2018 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{behfar_knowledge_2018,
	title = {Knowledge management in {OSS} communities: {Relationship} between dense and sparse network structures: {SSIS}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/knowledge-management-oss-communities-relationship/docview/2048526571/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Some authors in the literature have addressed knowledge transfer via weak ties between organization’s units which are themselves strongly tied inside (e.g. Hansen, 1999). Some others have investigated knowledge management among open-source-software (OSS) developers and discussed factors influencing knowledge transfer within development teams (e.g. Joshi and Sarker, 2006). In the domain of open source software (OSS) communities, more companies are now attempting to establish relationships to benefit from these potential value-creating communities; and project managers could in fact target different goals within software development teams including knowledge transfer within and between teams. We step forward to distinguish knowledge transfer within groups as opposed to knowledge transfer between groups; where relevant projects are bundled into separate strongly intra-connected groups. In knowledge management literature there is a trade-off between sparse network structures (Burt, 2000, 2002) versus dense network structures (Walker et al., 1997; Coleman, 1988). It is argued that the former facilitates the diffusion and generation of ideas among groups, while the latter affects the implementation of idea within each dense group. To our best knowledge, there has been no study to investigate the relationship between dense and sparse network structures. We propose that knowledge transfer within dense groups has a positive influence on knowledge transfer between sparse groups, in that intragroup density, group size, developers centrality and betweenness could impact intergroup coupling. To prove our hypothesis, we use a complex network of open source software (OSS) as the domain of interest, where developers represent nodes and two developers contributing to a project task represent a network tie. Developers contributing to tasks in groups other than their own can explore novel ideas via sharing knowledge, whereas developers contributing to tasks inside groups exploit ideas to improve those projects. We investigate the idea both analytically and empirically within 4 months, 8 months and 1 year lagged time, and finally show that intragroup density has a positive whereas developers’ centrality has a negative influence on intergroup coupling.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Behfar, Stefan Kambiz and Turkina, Ekaterina and Burger-Helmchen, Thierry},
	month = feb,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Knowledge transfer, Open-source software, Knowledge management, Knowledge sharing, Information sharing, Centrality, Software development, Coupling, Public domain, 23721:Land Subdivision, Developers, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Betweenness, Source code, Sparse network},
	pages = {167},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Feb 2018},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-07},
}

@article{cristian_valenzuela_urra_introduccion_2018,
	title = {Introducción: {Software} libre y código abierto: experiencias innovadoras en bibliotecas y centros de información},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {16662938},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/introducción-software-libre-y-código-abierto/docview/2173868578/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.24215/18539912e058},
	abstract = {Se muestran y explican con ejemplos prácticos las posibilidades de tratamiento de datos e información textual que tiene el lenguaje de formateo de WINISIS de UNESCO al manipular cadenas y subcadenas de caracteres alfanuméricas no estructuradas o semiestructuradas, línea por línea, o párrafo por párrafo, de longitud fija o variable, especialmente en archivos lógicos de software (log), o provenientes de cualquier formato (Excel, Word, PDF u otro), convertidos a formato de texto plano norma ascii, para ser importados a través de programas en ISIS Pascal a CDS/ISIS. Se aplican expresiones y funciones (de cadena, numéricas o booleanas), expresiones, comandos, selectores de campos, subcampos y cadenas, para estructurar los datos y/o el texto, y obtener resultados de diseño de bases de datos, estadísticos y métricos.},
	language = {Spanish},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Palabra Clave},
	author = {{Cristián Valenzuela Urra} and {Danilo Reyes Lillo} and {Sergio Oliveros Castro}},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Place: Ensenada
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educacion},
	keywords = {Open source software, Big Data, India, Databases, Software, Data processing, 51821:Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services, Argentina, Boolean, Chile, Literature},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2018. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/  (the “License”).  Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
	annote = {Name - Playa Ancha University; United Nations Educational Scientific \& Cultural Organization},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Argentina; Chile; India},
}

@article{lee_governance_2017,
	title = {Governance strategies for open collaboration: {Focusing} on resource allocation in open source software development organizations: {SSIS}},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/governance-strategies-open-collaboration-focusing/docview/2047228362/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {With rapid advancements in information and communication technology, open collaboration has become easier, thereby allowing people to participate through internet platform. Open source software is one of the representative examples of open collaboration. In this research, we examine the antecedents of innovation performance for open source software development organizations on Github (www.github.com), which is a leading web service for the open collaborations of developers. From the perspective of resource allocation, this study investigates effective governance strategies to allocate developers to multiple projects within an organization. Overall, we find that the organization with high performance have a small number of developers to participate in most projects and most developers to participate in a small number of projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Lee, Saerom and Baek, Hyunmi and Jahng, Jungjoo},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Information technology, Collaboration, Open source, Open-source software, Communications technology, Project management, Software development, Public domain, 23721:Land Subdivision, Developers, Innovations, Resource allocation, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Open collaboration},
	pages = {431},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2017},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-07},
}

@article{cheruy_oss_2017,
	title = {{OSS} popularity: {Understanding} the relationship between user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {12604984},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/oss-popularity-understanding-relationship-between/docview/1969517670/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Following the growing interest and concerns regarding the open source software (OSS) phenomenon among academics and practitioners, many studies have been conducted to understand the factors that influence OSS success. However, research has primarily explored such factors in the context of well-known projects, such as Linux and Apache. Yet, lesser-known projects must be examined to gain a more complete understanding. Accordingly, this paper focuses on lesser-known projects to examine three factors that influence OSS popularity: user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage. Specifically, we develop an empirical model of OSS popularity and test our hypotheses on data from 657 open source projects. The findings show that the combination of the three factors has a positive effect on OSS popularity. Moreover, in contrast to previous research, the results reveal that exchanges among users and developers have a stronger influence on OSS popularity than bug-related activities. Overall, this research provides a novel way to measure OSS popularity for lesser-known projects and offers organizations a better understanding of OSS.Alternate abstract:Alors que le logiciel libre a particulierement retenu l'attention et Pintérét du monde académique et managérial, beaucoup de recherches ont cherché á comprendre les facteurs de succes de ces logiciels OSS. Cependant, ces recherches se sontprincipalement concentrées sur des projets reconnus et de grande envergure, tels que Linux ou Apache. Une investigation des projets moins connus permettrait une compréhension plus complete et d'éviter un taux d'échec important des projets OSS. Cette étude investigue donc la combi- naison de trois facteurs : les interactions des utilisateurs et développeurs, la pénétration du marché et le stade de développement, afin d'observer leur impact sur la popularité des projets OSSpeu connus. Nous a vons pour cela développé un modele empirique de la popularité des OSS, et avons testé nos hypotheses sur 657projets de logiciel libre. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la combinaison des trois facteurs a un impact positif sur la popularité des OSS. De plus, contrairement aux études précédentes, nos résultats révelent également que les interactions entre utilisateurs et développeurs ont un rôle plus important que les activités reliées á la résolution de bugs dans la réussite des projets. Cette recherche propose une nouvelle maniere de mesurer la popularité d'un projet OSS et offrant ainsi aux organisations une meilleure compréhension.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Systèmes d'Information et Management},
	author = {Cheruy, Clémence and Robert, Frank and Belbaly, Nassim},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: Paris
Publisher: Editions ESKA},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information systems, Business And Economics--Management, Hypotheses, Open-source software, Linux, Success, Social, Social networks, Software quality, Public domain, Freeware, Business metrics, Developer, Investigations, Management science, Market penetration, Market potential, Popularity, User services},
	pages = {47--74,117},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Editions ESKA Oct 2017},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-19},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{foss_problemformulation_2016,
	title = {Problem‐formulation and problem‐solving in self‐organized communities: {How} modes of communication shape project behaviors in the free open‐source software community},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {01432095},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/problem-formulation-solving-self-organized/docview/2110052622/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1002/smj.2439},
	abstract = {Research summary: Building on the problem‐solving perspective, we study behaviors related to projects and the communication‐based antecedents of such behaviors in the free open‐source software (FOSS) community. We examine two kinds of problem/project‐behaviors: Individuals can set up projects around the formulation of new problems or join existing projects and define and/or work on subproblems within an existing problem. The choice between these two behaviors is influenced by the mode of communication. A communication mode with little a priori structure is the best mode for communicating about new problems (i.e., formulating a problem); empirically, it is associated with project launching behaviors. In contrast, more structured communication fits subproblems better and is related to project joining behaviors. Our hypotheses derive support from data from the FOSS community.Managerial summary: We study how the way in which individuals communicate influence the project‐behaviors they engage in. We find that relatively unstructured communication is associated with the setting up new projects, while communication that is structured around an artifact is associated with joining projects. Our findings hold implications for understanding how management may influence project behaviors and problem‐solving: Firms that need to concentrate on more incremental problem‐solving efforts (e.g., because a sufficient number of attractive problems have already been defined) should create environments in which interaction is undertaken mainly via artifacts. On the other hand, if firms seek to generate new problems (e.g., new strategic opportunities), they should create environments in which open‐ended, verbal conversation is relatively more important than artifact‐based communication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {English},
	number = {13},
	journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
	author = {Foss, Nicolai j and Frederiksen, Lars and Rullani, Francesco},
	month = dec,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Chicago
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {communities, communication, Communication, Behavior, Problem solving, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Problem Solving, Community research, open‐source software, problem‐solving, project organization},
	pages = {2589--2610},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright © 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-05},
}

@article{foss_problem-formulation_2016,
	title = {Problem-formulation and problem-solving in self-organized communities: {How} modes of communication shape project behaviors in the free open-source software community},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {01432095},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/problem-formulation-solving-self-organized/docview/1845481946/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1002/smj.2439},
	abstract = {Research summary: Building on the problem-solving perspective, we study behaviors related to projects and the communication-based antecedents of such behaviors in the free open-source software (FOSS) community. We examine two kinds of problem/project-behaviors: Individuals can set up projects around the formulation of new problems or join existing projects and define and/or work on subproblems within an existing problem. The choice between these two behaviors is influenced by the mode of communication. A communication mode with little a priori structure is the best mode for communicating about new problems (i.e., formulating a problem); empirically, it is associated with project launching behaviors. In contrast, more structured communication fits subproblems better and is related to project joining behaviors. Our hypotheses derive support from data from the FOSS community.              Managerial summary: We study how the way in which individuals communicate influence the project-behaviors they engage in. We find that relatively unstructured communication is associated with the setting up new projects, while communication that is structured around an artifact is associated with joining projects. Our findings hold implications for understanding how management may influence project behaviors and problem-solving: Firms that need to concentrate on more incremental problem-solving efforts (e.g., because a sufficient number of attractive problems have already been defined) should create environments in which interaction is undertaken mainly via artifacts. On the other hand, if firms seek to generate new problems (e.g., new strategic opportunities), they should create environments in which open-ended, verbal conversation is relatively more important than artifact-based communication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	language = {English},
	number = {13},
	journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
	author = {Foss, Nicolai j and Frederiksen, Lars and Rullani, Francesco},
	month = dec,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Chicago
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Communication, Problem solving, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Open-source software, Project management, Public domain},
	pages = {2589--2610},
	annote = {CODEN - SMAJD8},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright © 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-04},
}

@article{lakka_cross-national_2015,
	title = {Cross-national analysis of the relation of {eGovernment} maturity and {OSS} growth},
	volume = {99},
	issn = {00401625},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/cross-national-analysis-relation-egovernment/docview/1732841796/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2015.06.024},
	abstract = {The aims of this research are to explore and evaluate the nature of the relationship between open source software (OSS) and eGovernment maturity, as well as the factors impacting their development at a national level. The study proposes a theoretical framework, under the prism of which socio-economic, technological and institutional factors critical to eGovernment and OSS are revealed. The hypotheses are evaluated by means of an econometric model of simultaneous equations. In order to better gauge the results of the hypotheses, the model is evaluated over economic environments at different stages of development. Social development and OSS growth were found to be the most important facilitators for eGovernment maturity, across countries of all stages of development. Institutional quality, technological openness, freedom in press and the macro-economic environment exerted different weights of importance across different country groupings. Findings also suggest that technological infrastructure and innovation are important drivers for OSS growth across countries at all stages of development. Research results can provide useful input for research in eGov, as they open up new directions in the study of the relation with OSS.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
	author = {Lakka, Spyridoula and Stamati, Teta and Michalakelis, Christos and Anagnostopoulos, Dimosthenis},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Socioeconomic factors, Studies, Hypotheses, Software, Open-source software, Econometrics, Economics, Electronic government, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Economic, Technological change, Freeware, Innovations, Research \& development--R\&D, E-government, Property, sociology of technology, 1772:sociology of science, 1130:Economic theory, 1220:Social trends \& culture, Economic development, Freedoms, Economic models, Developmental stages, Economic factors, Maturity, Natural environment, Organizational aspects, Simultaneous equations, Social change, Social development},
	pages = {132},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-25},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economic},
}

@article{temizkan_exploitation_2015,
	title = {Exploitation and {Exploration} {Networks} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {An} {Artifact}-{Level} {Analysis}: {JMIS}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {07421222},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/exploitation-exploration-networks-open-source/docview/1697517813/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) development is an increasingly important paradigm of software development. However, key aspects of OSS such as the determinants of project success and motivations of developers in joining these projects are not well understood. Based on organizational theory, we propose that OSS activities of patch development and feature request can be classified as exploitation (implementation-oriented) and exploration (innovation-oriented) activities, respectively. We empirically examine how the structure of social network affects the success of patch-development and feature-request networks in OSS projects, using a data set collected from the SourceForge database. Our results provide empirical support for the view that patch development and feature request are exploitation and exploration activities, respectively. Network structures differ due to team formation differences and have a differential impact on development success based on the type of activity. The concepts of ambidextrous developers and ambidexterity are explored in the context of OSS projects. Collectively, our results indicate that studying OSS projects at the artifact level could improve our understanding of OSS project success and team formation. This, in turn, could lead to better management of OSS projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Management Information Systems},
	author = {Temizkan, Orcun and Kumar, Ram L},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Political Science, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Success, Social networks, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Exploitation, Exploration},
	pages = {116},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright M. E. Sharpe Inc. Summer 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-28},
}

@article{atal_developers_2015,
	title = {Developers' {Incentives} and {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Licensing}: {GPL} vs {BSD}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {21946108},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/developers-incentives-open-source-software/docview/1693624750/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {One of the puzzling aspects of open-source software (OSS) development is its public good nature. Individual developers contribute to developing the software, but do not hold the copyright to appropriate its value. This raises questions regarding motives behind such effort. We provide an integrated model of developers' incentives to describe OSS development and compare restrictive OSS licenses that force all modifications to be kept open with non-restrictive OSS licenses that allow proprietary ownership of modified works. Different incentives govern effort provision at different stages of the software development process. We show that open-source licenses can provide socially valuable software when a proprietary license fails to do so. We also show that restrictive OSS licenses generate greater effort provision in the design stage of software development relative to non-restrictive licenses. Endogenizing licensing choice, we find that a project leader chooses a non-restrictive OSS license if reputational concerns drive developers' incentives, a proprietary license when there is a large population of users in the market and a restrictive OSS license if user population is small but reputational benefit is high. Our results resonate well with empirical findings and suggest additional testable implications about the relationship between licensing and software project characteristics. Finally, we also find that the market under-provides restrictive OSS licenses relative to the efficient level, suggesting the need for subsidizing restrictive licenses in some cases.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis \& Policy},
	author = {Atal, Vidya and Shankar, Kameshwari},
	month = jul,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Berkeley
Publisher: Berkeley Electronic Press},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software license, Open-source software, Licenses, License, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Developer, Proprietary, Licensing, 1130:Economic theory, Public good, Business And Economics--Economic Systems And Theories, Economic History, Economic models, Incentive},
	pages = {1381},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Berkeley Electronic Press Jul 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{sarma_hybrid_2015,
	title = {'{Hybrid}' open source software virtual communities of practice - a conceptual framework},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {09537325},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/hybrid-open-source-software-virtual-communities/docview/1674473817/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {'Hybrid' open source software communities are conducive to knowledge integration and innovation, and can be seen through a community of practice lens. In this paper, we develop an integrated process theory of structural attributes and social mechanisms of hybrid virtual communities. We offer a dynamic view of knowledge integration and innovation in such communities. We also emphasise the multi-faceted nature of virtual communities and identify factors that regulate participation and sustain such communities. This has implications for theorising about knowledge integration and innovation in hybrid virtual settings. Finally, virtual ethnography and multi-level research are suggested for future research.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Technology Analysis \& Strategic Management},
	author = {Sarma, Meera and Matheus, Thomas},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Studies, Virtual communities, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Knowledge management, Virtual community, Social networks, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Innovations, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 5200:Communications \& information management, Online ethnography, Integrated approach, Community of practice, Knowledge integration},
	pages = {569},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Ltd. 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{ghapanchi_investigating_2015,
	title = {Investigating the {Interrelationships} among {Success} {Measures} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {10919392},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/investigating-interrelationships-among-success/docview/1654703565/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) has attracted extensive attention from researchers and scholars. This increasing attention is a result of the remarkable growth in the number of OSS applications in recent years. Despite an increased number of studies on OSS project success, the interrelationships among different success indicators of OSS projects are not well understood in literature. The present study reports on the interrelationships between the success measures of OSS projects, as defined by the ability of the project to attract user and developer interest, release management, project activity, and development sustainability. To test the relationships hypothesized, we gathered data from 1,409 OSS projects over time (in two snapshots over a period of eight months). The results show the following: (a) project activity until any time period positively impacts the subsequent period's developer interest and development sustainability; (b) development sustainability positively drives user and developer interest; (c) release frequency positively influences the next period's developer interest, as well as development sustainability; (d) developer interest positively drives user interest. These findings have implications for both the OSS research community and OSS practitioners.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce},
	author = {Ghapanchi, Amir Hossein},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Mahwah
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Success, Sustainability, Project management, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Software Projects, Project Success, Business And Economics--Computer Applications, Management theory, Release management, Sustainability management},
	pages = {28},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Ltd. 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{zhou_who_2015,
	title = {Who {Will} {Stay} in the {FLOSS} {Community}? {Modeling} {Participant}'s {Initial} {Behavior}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/who-will-stay-floss-community-modeling/docview/1645772483/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {To survive and succeed, FLOSS projects need contributors able to accomplish critical project tasks. However, such tasks require extensive project experience of long term contributors (LTCs). The authors measure, understand, and predict how the newcomers' involvement and environment in the issue tracking system (ITS) affect their odds of becoming an LTC. ITS data of Mozilla and Gnome, literature, interviews, and online documents were used to design measures of involvement and environment. A logistic regression model was used to explain and predict contributor's odds of becoming an LTC. They also reproduced the results on new data provided by Mozilla. The authors constructed nine measures of involvement and environment based on events recorded in an ITS. Macro-climate is the overall project environment while micro-climate is person-specific and varies among the participants. The findings suggest the importance of initial behaviors and experiences of new participants and outline empirically-based approaches to help the communities with the recruitment of contributors for long-term participation and to help the participants contribute more effectively.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Zhou, M and Mockus, A},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Studies, User behavior, Software engineering, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Mathematical models, Computers--Software, 7100:Market research, Floss},
	pages = {82},
	annote = {CODEN - IESEDJ},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society Jan 1, 2015},
	annote = {Document feature - Diagrams},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{jansen_measuring_2014,
	title = {Measuring the health of open source software ecosystems: {Beyond} the scope of project health},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/measuring-health-open-source-software-ecosystems/docview/1552455145/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The livelihood of an open source ecosystem is important to different ecosystem participants: software developers, end-users, investors, and participants want to know whether their ecosystem is healthy and performing well. Currently, there exists no working operationalization available that can be used to determine the health of open source ecosystems. Health is typically looked at from a project scope, not from an ecosystem scope. With such an operationalization, stakeholders can make better decisions on whether to invest in an ecosystem: developers can select the healthiest ecosystem to join, keystone organizers can establish which governance techniques are effective, and end-users can select ecosystems that are robust, will live long, and prosper. Design research is used to create the health operationalization. The evaluation step is done using four ecosystem health projects from literature. The Open Source Ecosystem Health Operationalization is provided, which establishes the health of a complete software ecosystem, using the data from collections of open source projects that belong to the ecosystem. The groundwork is done, by providing a summary of research challenges, for more research in ecosystem health. With the operationalization in hand, researchers no longer need to start from scratch when researching open source ecosystems' health.},
	language = {English},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Jansen, Slinger},
	month = nov,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Decision making, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Software ecosystem, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Project, Computers--Data Base Management, Design research, Ecosystem health, End users, Operationalization},
	pages = {1508},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Nov 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{colazo_structural_2014,
	title = {{STRUCTURAL} {CHANGES} {ASSOCIATED} {WITH} {TEMPORAL} {DISPERSION} {IN} {SOFTWARE} {DEVELOPMENT} {TEAMS}: {EVIDENCE} {FROM} {OPEN} {SOURCE} {SOFTWARE} {PROJECT} {TEAMS}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {13639196},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/structural-changes-associated-with-temporal/docview/1622310060/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Collaboration structure and temporal dispersion (TD) in teams have been studied independently so far. This study uses Media Synchronicity Theory (MST) to derive hypotheses positing that the structure of collaboration networks in distributed teams changes when those teams are more temporally dispersed. The empirical test of hypotheses using ordinary least squares with archival data from 230 open source software (OSS) projects shows that the collaboration structure networks of those OSS teams that are more temporally dispersed are sparser and more centralised, and these associations are stronger in those teams exhibiting higher relative performance. Theoretical and practical consequences are discussed.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {International Journal of Innovation Management},
	author = {Colazo, Jorge},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: London
Publisher: Imperial College Press},
	keywords = {Open source software, Group dynamics, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Collaboration, Hypotheses, Open-source software, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Organization theory, Organizational structure, Software project management, Team},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Imperial College Press Oct 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{barcellini_situated_2014,
	title = {A {Situated} {Approach} of {Roles} and {Participation} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {07370024},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/situated-approach-roles-participation-open-source/docview/1509212883/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Our research aims at understanding the various forms of participation in Open Source Software (OSS) design, seen as distributed design in online spaces of actions-discussion, implementation, and boundary between these spaces. We propose a methodology -- based on situated analyses of a formal design process used in the Python project -- to identify the distribution of actual roles (implementation, interactive, group, and design oriented) performed by participants into and between the spaces (defining boundary spaces). This notion of roles is grounded in collaborative design activities performed online by participants. This way, our findings complete the core-periphery model of participation in OSS. Concerning the distribution of roles between spaces, we reveal a map of participation in OSS: The majority of participants are pure discussants, but all participants in the implementation spaces do also act in the discussion space, and few participants act at boundary spaces. Concerning the distribution of roles between participants in the discussion space, we reveal that interactions are structured by a central hub (occupied by key participants) and that, whereas design-oriented roles are spread among all participants, group-oriented roles are performed by one or two participants in the respective spaces and at their boundary. Finally, combination of roles reveals five individual profiles performed by participants. Our approach could be extended to other design situations to explore relationships between forms of participation -- in particular, those revealing use-oriented contributions -- performance, and quality of the design product. Finally, it could be a basis for specifying tools to monitor and manage community activity for both research issues and support of online community. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Human - Computer Interaction},
	author = {Barcellini, Flore and Détienne, Françoise and Burkhardt, Jean-Marie},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Hillsdale
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Participation, Software, Open-source software, Psychology, Public domain, Human-computer interaction, Design engineering, Role},
	pages = {205},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{krishnamurthy_acceptance_2014,
	title = {Acceptance of monetary rewards in open source software development},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/acceptance-monetary-rewards-open-source-software/docview/1506166965/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The open source software (OSS) movement thrives on innovation and volunteer effort of developers. Scholars have expressed widespread concern about the sustainability of the OSS movement due to high levels of volunteerism. In this paper, we address a central challenge to the sustainability of OSS-developers' acceptance of monetary rewards. We strive to explain why some OSS developers accept monetary rewards and others do not. Viewed through the theoretical lens of the private-collective innovation model (0395 and 0400), this allows us to describe when developers will accept private financial rewards. Our main research objective is to clearly map the web of relationships between causal antecedents, and developers' acceptance behavior. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and behavioral measures, we find that -- (a) intention to accept monetary rewards mediates the impact of motivational elements on developers' acceptance of monetary rewards; (b) intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively affect their intention to accept monetary rewards, community motivation negatively impacts intention and ideological motivation does not affect the intention to accept rewards and (c) these effects are obtained even after inclusion of several control variables. The theoretical and managerial implications of our work are described. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Krishnamurthy, Sandeep and Ou, Shaosong and Tripathi, Arvind K},
	month = may,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Sustainability, Social, Software development, Organizational behavior, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Systems development, Management theory, Monetary incentives},
	pages = {632},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. May 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{quintane_modeling_2014,
	title = {Modeling {Relational} {Events}: {A} {Case} {Study} on an {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {10944281},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/modeling-relational-events/docview/1830178611/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/1094428113517007},
	abstract = {Sequences of relational events underlie much empirical research on organizational relations. Yet relational event data are typically aggregated and dichotomized to derive networks that can be analyzed with specialized statistical methods. Transforming sequences of relational events into binary network ties entails two main limitations: the loss of information about the order and number of events that compose each tie and the inability to account for compositional changes in the set of actors and/or recipients. In this article, we introduce a newly developed class of statistical models that enables researchers to exploit the full information contained in sequences of relational events. We propose an extension of the models to cater for sequences of relational events linking different sets of actors. We illustrate the empirical application of relational event models in the context of a free/open source software project with the aim to explain the level of effort produced by contributors to the project. We offer guidance in the interpretation of model parameters by characterizing the social processes underlying organizational problem solving. We discuss the applicability of relational events models in organizational research.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Organizational Research Methods},
	author = {Quintane, Eric and Conaldi, Guido and Tonellato, Marco and Lomi, Alessandro},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Data mining, Business And Economics--Management, Network analysis, free/open source software, Model, Event, Relational, relational event models, Statistical model, temporal dependence, two-mode networks},
	pages = {23--50},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author(s) 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-12-01},
}

@article{goode_exploring_2014,
	title = {Exploring {Organizational} {Information} {Sharing} in {Adopters} and {Non}-{Adopters} of {Open} {Source} {Software}: {Evidence} from {Six} {Case} {Studies}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {10924604},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/exploring-organizational-information-sharing/docview/1511431906/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software is becoming increasingly popular in organizational environments. While prior research has explored the communal nature of open source software development among individual users, little research has explored whether these sharing concepts are also present in organizational use of open source software products. This study uses a theory integration approach to develop some initial insight into the differences between users and non-users of open source software. This study observed three groups of factors from six case studies of information sharing in the context of organizational open source software use. These factors were integrated with prior research in order to understand the physical and managerial barriers to, and enablers of, open source. The study proposes that open source users have more extensive knowledge sharing and teamwork practices in place, and are more tolerant of risk. The study also argues that open source users depended less on external technology support services but have more extensive information technology (IT) support structures. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Knowledge and Process Management},
	author = {Goode, Sigi},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Chichester
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information technology, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open-source software, Case studies, Technology adoption, Information sharing, Teamwork, Software development, Adoption, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Information exchange, Management theory},
	pages = {78},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Wiley Periodicals Inc. Jan/Mar 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{di_tullio_governance_2014,
	title = {The {Governance} and {Control} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {JMIS}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {07421222},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/governance-control-open-source-software-projects/docview/1508230769/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {A comprehensive set of governance mechanisms and dimensions were investigated to identify combinations of mechanisms that are effectively used together in on-going volunteer-based open source software (OSS) projects. Three configurations were identified: Defined Community, Open Community, and Authoritarian Community. Notably, Defined Community governance had the strongest coordination and project climate and had the most extensive use of outcome, behavior, and clan control mechanisms (controller driven). The controls in the Defined Community governance configuration appear to effectively enable open, coordinated contribution and participation from a wide variety of talented developers (one of the virtues of open source development) while managing the development process and outcomes. The results add to our theoretical understanding of control in different types of information systems projects, as the combination of control modes found in OSS projects is different from those found in previous research for internal or outsourced information systems development projects. This could be due to unique features of OSS projects, such as volunteer participation and the controller being part of the development team. The results provide guidance for practitioners about how to combine 19 identified governance mechanisms into effective project governance that stimulates productive participation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Management Information Systems},
	author = {Di Tullio, Danny and Staples, D Sandy},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Political Science, Information systems, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Commons-based peer production, Governance, Project management, Control, Control theory, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Project, Project governance, Software Projects},
	pages = {49},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright M. E. Sharpe Inc. Winter 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-27},
}

@article{martinez-torres_current_2014,
	title = {Current issues and research trends on open-source software communities},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {09537325},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/current-issues-research-trends-on-open-source/docview/1474882413/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) projects represent a new paradigm of software creation and development based on hundreds or even thousands of developers and users organised in the form of a virtual community. The success of an OSS project is closely linked to the successful organisation and development of the virtual community of support group. This paper reviews different fields and research topics related to the OSS communities such as collective intelligence, the structure of OSS communities, their success, communities as virtual organisations, motivation, shared knowledge, innovation and learning. The main challenges, results obtained, and the knowledge areas are detailed for each topic. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Technology Analysis \& Strategic Management},
	author = {Martinez-Torres, MR and Diaz-Fernandez, MC},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Motivation, Studies, Virtual communities, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Collective intelligence, Knowledge management, Organization development, Knowledge sharing, Virtual community, Project management, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Technology: Comprehensive Works, Open, Organizational learning},
	pages = {55},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Ltd. 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{ghapanchi_resources_2014,
	title = {Resources contributing to gaining competitive advantage for open source software projects: {An} application of resource-based theory},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {02637863},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/resources-contributing-gaining-competitive/docview/1458787984/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is an important asset in today's software-intensive society. The success of OSS projects is highly dependent on a number of factors. These factors must be understood and managed as an OSS project progresses. Thus, project management of an OSS project has a decisive role in ensuring the success of its software. The objective of the research is to increase the understanding of the resources affecting the competitiveness of OSS projects. Herewith, the responsiveness of OSS projects to users' needs is assessed via an investigation of the defect-fixing process. A Resource-Based View of the firm (RBV) is used to build theoretical justifications for a set of hypotheses proposed in this study. Data gathered from 427 OSS projects confirmed that developers' interest in and users' contribution to the project as well as frequently updating and releasing the software affect the project's ability to gain competitive advantage through effective defect-fixing. It is also shown that OSS projects that are more popular and have a higher level of organizational communication than others are more likely to gain competitive advantage through effective defect-fixing. Finally, implications of the results for practitioners and the research community are presented. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {International Journal of Project Management},
	author = {Ghapanchi, Amir Hossein and Wohlin, Claes and Aurum, Aybüke},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open-source software, Information sharing, Project management, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Software Projects, Competitive advantage, Customer engagement, Management theory},
	pages = {139},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jan 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-26},
}

@article{niedermayer_platforms_2013,
	title = {On platforms, incomplete contracts, and open source software},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {01677187},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/on-platforms-incomplete-contracts-open-source/docview/1468460499/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {We analyze investment incentives for a firm A owning a software platform and an application and a firm B deciding whether to develop a new application for the platform. While B's entry helps the success of the platform, B fears ex post expropriation by A and is hence reluctant to enter and invest. We show that different platform governance structures prevalent in the Information and Communication Technology industry (integrated, proprietary, standardized, open source platform) serve to balance investment incentives for the platform and for the applications. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {International Journal of Industrial Organization},
	author = {Niedermayer, Andras},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information technology, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Corporate governance, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Decision analysis, Platform, 2600:Management science/operations research, Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations, 5220:Information technology management, 3400:Investment analysis \& personal finance, 2110:Board of directors, Incentive, Contract, Incomplete contracts, Investment, Investment policy, Market entry},
	pages = {714},
	annote = {CODEN - IJIODY},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Nov 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{peng_learning_2013,
	title = {Learning and {Open} {Source} {Software} {License} {Choice}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {00117315},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/learning-open-source-software-license-choice/docview/1429267311/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Licensing is the defining characteristic of open source software (OSS) and often has tremendous impact on the success of OSS projects. However, OSS licenses are very different from those for proprietary software, and our understanding of the choice of OSS licenses is very limited. In this study, we explore this important decision from a learning perspective. We build collaboration networks and trace paths through which potential learning and knowledge flow across projects using a dataset derived from SourceForge. We identify that both experiential learning and vicarious learning have significant influence on OSS license choice. We provide reasons why experiential learning and vicarious learning affect decision-making regarding OSS license choice, and explore important contingencies under which the two modes of learning are more effective. We find that leadership roles on prior projects and similarities between projects significantly moderate these two modes of learning, respectively. More importantly, we argue and empirically illustrate that experiential learning is more effective than vicarious learning in influencing OSS license choice. Our research sheds new light on our understanding of license choice for OSS projects and provides practical guidelines for future OSS development. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Decision Sciences},
	author = {Peng, Gang and Mu, Jifeng and Di Benedetto, C Anthony},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Atlanta
Publisher: American Institute for Decision Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Leadership, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software license, Open-source software, License, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Proprietary, Decision analysis, Licensing, Organizational learning, Experiential learning},
	pages = {619},
	annote = {CODEN - DESCDQ},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright American Institute for Decision Sciences Aug 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-04},
}

@article{nan_joint_2013,
	title = {Joint {Effect} of {Team} {Structure} and {Software} {Architecture} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {00189391},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/joint-effect-team-structure-software-architecture/docview/1412364555/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {In this study, we seek to understand socio-technical interactions in a system development context via an examination of the joint effect of developer team structure and open source software (OSS) architecture on OSS development performance. Using detailed data collected from code repositories from SoureForge.com, we find that developer team structure and software architecture significantly moderate each other's effect on OSS development performance. Larger teams tend to produce more favorable project performance when the project being developed has a high level of structural interdependency while projects with a low level of structural interdependency require smaller teams in order to achieve better project performance. Meanwhile, centralized teams tend to have a positive impact on project performance when the OSS project has a high level of structural interdependency. However, when a project has a low level of structural interdependency, centralized teams can impair project performance. This study extends our understanding of information technology's deep engagement in organizational life and provides directions for open source practitioners to better organize their projects to achieve greater performance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management},
	author = {Nan, N and Kumar, S},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information technology, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Computer architecture, Teams, Project management, Software development, Software architecture, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 51821:Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services, Engineering--Electrical Engineering, Systems development},
	pages = {592},
	annote = {CODEN - IEEMA4},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Aug 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{marsan_has_2012,
	title = {Has open source software been institutionalized in organizations or not?},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/has-open-source-software-been-institutionalized/docview/1037945028/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Almost a decade ago, researchers in information systems and analysts of the information technology (IT) industry were predicting a bright future for open source software (OSS). Recent examples appear to lend support to this, but there exist many detractors of OSS and resistance to the transformation it creates. Thus, it is relevant to take a closer look at the institutionalization of OSS. This paper evaluates the extent of OSS institutionalization in organizations. A practice or innovation is said to be institutionalized when it is taken-for-granted and its use becomes the norm. Drawing on institutional theory, the underlying concept of organizing vision and the rhetorical theory of diffusion of innovations, the authors analyze OSS institutionalization through the observation of the evolution of the public discourse about OSS and, simultaneously, the observation of the rate of adoption or diffusion of OSS in organizations.},
	language = {English},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Marsan, Josianne and Paré, Guy and Wybo, Michael D},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Institutionalization, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Organizing vision, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Technological change, Organization theory, Computers--Data Base Management, Diffusion of innovations, Institutionalisation},
	pages = {1308},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Dec 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{dixon_tim_2012,
	title = {{TIM} {Lecture} {Series} - {Growing} a {Global} {Company} {Anchored} on {Open} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {2},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/tim-lecture-series-growing-global-company/docview/1614473121/se-2?accountid=12861},
	language = {English},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	author = {Dixon, Fred},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Ottawa
Publisher: Talent First Network},
	keywords = {Open source software, open source, Community, Business And Economics, entrepreneurship, Licenses, Customers, Business models, Public domain, Research \& development--R\&D, Startups, OEM, BigBlueButton, global company, licenses, startup, web conferencing},
	pages = {38--40},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Talent First Network Oct 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{piva_does_2012,
	title = {Does free/open source software enable new forms of entrepreneurship? {An} analysis of the start-ups created to exploit the business opportunities stemming from free/open source software},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1368275X},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/does-free-open-source-software-enable-new-forms/docview/1287480001/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Many scholars have examined the free/open source software (FLOSS) strategies of large software houses. However, few studies have focused on the start-ups that enter the market just to exploit the new business opportunities stemming from the freely available technological knowledge developed by the FLOSS community (FLOSS-based start-ups). This paper aims to fill this gap by providing descriptive evidence about these firms. We address two main research questions: 1) What are the main features of FLOSS-based start-ups?; 2) What is their innovation process? We show that FLOSS-based start-ups follow a typical open innovation model that enables them to serve market niches that large incumbents are not structurally able to cover, profiting from the local production, distribution, and use of technological knowledge. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3/4},
	journal = {International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management},
	author = {Piva, Evila and Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Milton Keynes
Publisher: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Open-source software, Entrepreneurship, Knowledge management, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Freeware, Open innovation, 9520:Small business, Startups, 5200:Communications \& information management, Business opportunity},
	pages = {173},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{bazilian_open_2012,
	title = {Open source software and crowdsourcing for energy analysis},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {03014215},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-crowdsourcing-energy/docview/1036547478/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Informed energy decision making requires effective software, high-quality input data, and a suitably trained user community. Developing these resources can be expensive and time consuming. Even when data and tools are intended for public re-use they often come with technical, legal, economic and social barriers that make them difficult to adopt, adapt and combine for use in new contexts. We focus on the promise of open, publically accessible software and data as well as crowdsourcing techniques to develop robust energy analysis tools that can deliver crucial, policy-relevant insight, particularly in developing countries, where planning resources are highly constrained -- and the need to adapt these resources and methods to the local context is high. We survey existing research, which argues that these techniques can produce high-quality results, and also explore the potential role that linked, open data can play in both supporting the modelling process and in enhancing public engagement with energy issues. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Energy Policy},
	author = {Bazilian, Morgan and Rice, Andrew and Rotich, Juliana and Howells, Mark and DeCarolis, Joseph and Macmillan, Stuart and Brooks, Cameron and Bauer, Florian and Liebreich, Michael},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Social, Crowdsourcing, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 9180:International, Developing countries--LDCs, Developing country, 1520:Energy policy, Decision support systems, Energy, Energy policy, Life-cycle assessment, Petroleum And Gas},
	pages = {149},
	annote = {CODEN - ENPYAC},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{li_leadership_2012,
	title = {Leadership characteristics and developers' motivation in open source software development},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {03787206},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/leadership-characteristics-developers-motivation/docview/1030260445/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is generally developed by interested professionals who have decided to participate in the process. The presence of effective leaders who both steer the development and motivate the developers is crucial to ensure a successful product. Using path-goal theory and built on leadership and motivation theories, we proposed and tested a model that can be used to assess the relationship between an OSS project leader's leadership style and a developer's motivation to contribute to the software development. We specifically decomposed the leadership and motivation construct to understand the hidden mechanisms by which leadership impacts motivation. A set of survey data collected from 118 OSS developers on Sourceforge.net was used to test our hypotheses. Our results indicate that leaders' transformational leadership is positively related to developers' intrinsic motivation and that leaders' active management style is positively related to the developers' extrinsic motivation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Information \& Management},
	author = {Li, Yan and Tan, Chuan-Hoo and Teo, Hock-Hai},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Leadership, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Systems development, Developer, Computers--Data Base Management, Management theory, Management styles},
	pages = {257},
	annote = {CODEN - IMANDC},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jul 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Diagrams; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-22},
}

@article{conaldi_dynamic_2012,
	title = {Dynamic {Models} of {Affiliation} and the {Network} {Structure} of {Problem} {Solving} in an {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {10944281},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dynamic-models-affiliation-network-structure/docview/1020102060/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Two-mode networks are used to describe dual patterns of association between distinct social entities through their joint involvement in categories, activities, issues, and events. In empirical organizational research, the analysis of two-mode networks is typically accomplished either by (a) decomposition of the dual structure into its two unimodal components defined in terms of indirect relations between entities of the same kind or (b) direct statistical analysis of individual two-mode dyads. Both strategies are useful, but neither is fully satisfactory. In this article, the authors introduce newly developed stochastic actor-based models for two-mode networks that may be adopted to redress the limitations of current analytical strategies. The authors specify and estimate the model in the context of data they have collected on the dual association between software developers and software problems observed during a complete release cycle of an open source software project. The authors discuss the general methodological implications of the models for organizational research based on the empirical analysis of two-mode networks. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Organizational Research Methods},
	author = {Conaldi, Guido and Lomi, Alessandro and Tonellato, Marco},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Problem solving, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open-source software, Social networks, Network, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Organization theory, Software project management, Problem Solving, Stochastic models},
	pages = {385},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. Jul 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{thakur_limited_2012,
	title = {A limited revolution - {The} distributional consequences of {Open} {Source} {Software} in {North} {America}},
	volume = {79},
	issn = {00401625},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/limited-revolution-distributional-consequences/docview/918396972/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2011.10.003},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) has become an important alternative method of organizing the production of software and has gained in popularity and use because of its benefits and costs relative to the dominant proprietary software model. In this paper, I use evidence from the United States and Canada to examine the distribution of these benefits and costs. I argue that although the rhetoric surrounding OSS is supported empirically, the benefits of OSS have been limited because of the way this technological project has evolved within its associated policy environment. That is, although ostensibly neutral, the policies and laws of both the U.S. and Canadian governments have tended to be positioned implicitly against the use of OSS both in the public sector and in the economy generally. In addition, OSS use and development requires a set of skills that are absent in many instances or create prohibitively high costs. Thus OSS is typically used by larger organizations, and its development is restricted to a mostly male, highly educated, high-income group of contributors. Therefore while the benefits of OSS are real, the distribution of these benefits is skewed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
	author = {Thakur, Dhanaraj},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Studies, Canada, Open source, Open-source software, Software development, Statistical analysis, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, United States--US, Public sector, 9190:United States, 1120:Economic policy \& planning, 9172:Canada, Skills, Cost benefit analysis, Economic policy},
	pages = {244},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Feb 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada; United States--US},
}

@article{yildirim_foresighting_2011,
	title = {Foresighting {FLOSS} (free/libre/open source software) from a developing country perspective: {The} case of {Turkey}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {01664972},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/foresighting-floss-free-libre-open-source/docview/912862102/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Since free/libre open source software (FLOSS) promotes collaboration and contributions from different parties in software production and innovation processes, it can create a unique opportunity for developing countries, by generating an innovative capability in software technology. To benefit from this opportunity, it is important to understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FLOSS economy in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the strategic factors and future trends that are likely to affect the development and deployment of FLOSS in Turkey. Based on the internal and external factors identified through the practice of technological foresight, a SWOT analysis will be carried out to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for Turkey in creating a competitive software industry that can benefit from the advantages of FLOSS. Accordingly, with regard to the required technical infrastructure, an innovative/competitive business climate, skilled human resources and support for institutional structures, policy suggestions are outlined here that could be usefully implemented by government, industry and universities. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Technovation},
	author = {Yildirim, Nihan and Ansal, Hacer},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Software, Trends, Turkey, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Impact analysis, Public domain, Software industry, Systems development, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 2310:Planning, Free and open-source software, Developing countries--LDCs, Developing country, 9178:Middle East, SWOT analysis},
	pages = {666},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2011},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turkey},
}

@article{stol_comparative_2011,
	title = {A comparative study of challenges in integrating {Open} {Source} {Software} and {Inner} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/comparative-study-challenges-integrating-open/docview/894730546/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Several large software-developing organizations have adopted Open Source Software development (OSSD) practices to develop in-house components that are subsequently integrated into products. This phenomenon is also known as "Inner Source". While there have been several reports of successful cases of this phenomenon, little is known about the challenges that practitioners face when integrating software that is developed in such a setting. The objective of this study was to shed light on challenges related to building products with components that have been developed within an Inner Source development environment. Following an initial systematic literature review to generate seed category data constructs, the authors performed an in-depth exploratory case study in an organization that has a significant track record in the implementation of Inner Source. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of divisions across the organization. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.},
	language = {English},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Stol, Klaas-Jan and Babar, Muhammad Ali and Avgeriou, Paris and Fitzgerald, Brian},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Systems integration, Comparative studies, Inner source, System integration},
	pages = {1319},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Dec 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{alleyne_challenging_2011,
	title = {Challenging {Code}: {A} {Sociological} {Reading} of the {KDE} {Free} {Software} {Project}},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {00380385},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/challenging-code-sociological-reading-kde-free/docview/878893740/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) challenges the norms and relations of the capitalist software industry that is at the core of network society. Many people involved in FLOSS see themselves as activists in a new social movement. The article discusses the KDE (Kool Desktop Environment) project as a FLOSS case study. KDE is one of several projects intended to bring ease of use of a graphical user interface (GUI) to various free operating systems. (The operating system is the underlying software on top of which sit applications we use directly such as web browsers or word processors.) The article considers the KDE project from three broad perspectives -- 'cosmological', technical, and organizational -- in order to examine the expressed world-view and technical organization of the project through an established sociological approach to activism and social movements. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Sociology : the Journal of the British Sociological Association},
	author = {Alleyne, Brian},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Cambridge
Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Studies, Activism, Software, Linux, Operating systems, Free software, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Software project management, 1220:Social trends \& culture, Floss, Social activism, User interface, Social movement, Web browser},
	pages = {496},
	annote = {CODEN - SLGYA5},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Cambridge University Press Jun 2011},
	annote = {Document feature - References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{host_systematic_2011,
	title = {A systematic review of research on open source software in commercial software product development},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/systematic-review-research-on-open-source/docview/865742332/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The popularity of the open source software development in the last decade, has brought about an increased interest from the industry on how to use open source components, participate in the open source community, build business models around this type of software development, and learn more about open source development methodologies. There is a need to understand the results of research in this area. Since there is a need to understand conducted research, the aim of this study is to summarize the findings of research that has been carried out on usage of open source components and development methodologies by the industry, as well as companies' participation in the open source community. Systematic review through searches in library databases and manual identification of articles from the open source conference. The search was first carried out in May 2009 and then once again in May 2010. In 2009, 237 articles were first found, from which 19 were selected based on content and quality, and in 2010, 76 new articles were found from which four were selected. Twenty three articles were identified in total. The articles could be divided into four categories: open source as part of component based software engineering, business models with open source in commercial organization, company participation in open source development communities, and usage of open source processes within a company.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Höst, Martin and Orucevic-Alagic, Alma},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Product development, Software development, Systematic review, Business models, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, Searches},
	pages = {616},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{alleyne_challenging_2011-1,
	title = {Challenging {Code}: {A} {Sociological} {Reading} of the {KDE} {Free} {Software} {Project}},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {00380385},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/challenging-code-sociological-reading-kde-free/docview/1928264389/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/0038038511399620},
	abstract = {Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) challenges the norms and relations of the capitalist software industry that is at the core of network society. Many people involved in FLOSS see themselves as activists in a new social movement. The article discusses the KDE (Kool Desktop Environment) project as a FLOSS case study. KDE is one of several projects intended to bring ease of use of a graphical user interface (GUI) to various free operating systems. (The operating system is the underlying software on top of which sit applications we use directly such as web browsers or word processors.) The article considers the KDE project from three broad perspectives -- 'cosmological', technical, and organizational -- in order to examine the expressed world-view and technical organization of the project through an established sociological approach to activism and social movements.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Sociology : the Journal of the British Sociological Association},
	author = {Alleyne, Brian},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: London
Publisher: Sage Publications Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, activism, Social movements, Activism, free software, hackers, Software, Linux, Operating systems, Case studies, Free software, 51321:Software Publishers, Software industry, Software project management, Property, Floss, Social movement, computer programming, KDE, Protest movements, Word processors},
	pages = {496--511},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author(s) 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-26},
}

@article{chou_factors_2011,
	title = {The factors that affect the performance of open source software development - the perspective of social capital and expertise integration},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {13501917},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/factors-that-affect-performance-open-source/docview/848569202/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00347.x},
	abstract = {Drawing on social capital theory, we develop a theoretical model aiming to explore how open source software (OSS) project effectiveness (in terms of team size, team effort and team's level of completion) is affected by expertise integration. This in turn is influenced by three types of social capital - relational capital, cognitive capital and structural capital. In addition, this study also examines two moderating effects - the impact of technical complexity on the relationship between cognitive capital and expertise integration, and of task interdependence on the relationship between expertise integration and task completion. Through a field survey of 160 OSS members from five Taiwanese communities, there is support for some of the proposed hypotheses. Both reciprocity and centrality affect expertise integration as expected, but the influence of commitment and cognitive capital (including expertise and tenure) on expertise integration is not significant. Finally, expertise integration affects both team size and team effort, which in turn jointly influence task completion. This research contributes to advancing theoretical understanding of the effectiveness of free OSS development as well as providing OSS practitioners with insight into how to leverage social capital for improving the performance of OSS development.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Information Systems Journal},
	author = {Chou, Shih-Wei and He, Mong-Young},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Social capital, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Computers--Computer Systems, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Effectiveness, Relational capital, Structural capital},
	pages = {195--219},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-25},
}

@article{qureshi_socialization_2011,
	title = {Socialization in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {A} {Growth} {Mixture} {Modeling} {Approach}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {10944281},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/socialization-open-source-software-projects/docview/818907516/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The success of open source software (OSS) projects depends heavily on the voluntary participation of a large number of developers. To remain sustainable, it is vital for an OSS project community to maintain a critical mass of core developers. Yet, only a small number of participants (identified here as ''joiners'') can successfully socialize themselves into the core developer group. Despite the importance of joiners' socialization behavior, quantitative longitudinal research in this area is lacking. This exploratory study examines joiners' temporal socialization trajectories and their impacts on joiners' status progression. Guided by social resource theory and using the growth mixture modeling (GMM) approach to study 133 joiners in 40 OSS projects, the authors found that these joiners differed in both their initial levels and their growth trajectories of socialization and identified four distinct classes of joiner socialization behavior. They also found that these distinct latent classes of joiners varied in their status progression within their communities. The implications for research and practice are correspondingly discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Organizational Research Methods},
	author = {Qureshi, Israr and Fang, Yulin},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Socialization, Project management, Organizational behavior, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Software Projects, Organization theory, Growth models},
	pages = {208},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. Jan 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{androutsellis-theotokis_open_2011,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software}: {A} {Survey} from 10,000 {Feet}},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {15719545},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-survey-10-000-feet/docview/2695489045/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1561/0200000026},
	abstract = {Open source software (oss), the origins of which can be traced back to the 1950s, is software distributed with a license that allows access to its source code, free redistribution, the creation of derived works, and unrestricted use. oss applications cover most areas of consumer and business software and their study touches many disciplines, including computer science, information systems, economics, psychology, and law. Behind a successful oss project lies a community of actors, ranging from core developers to passive users, held together by a flexible governance structure and membership, leadership and contribution policies that align their interests. The motivation behind individuals participating in oss projects can be, among others, social, ideological, hedonistic, or signaling, while companies gain from their access to high-quality, innovative projects and an increase in their reputation and visibility. Nowadays many business models rely on oss as a product through the provision of associated services, or in coexistence with proprietary software, hardware, services, or licensing. The numerous oss licenses mainly differ on how they treat derived software: some contain provisions that maintain its availability in open source form while others allow more flexibility. Through its widespread adoption, oss is affecting the software industry, science, engineering, research, teaching, the developing countries, and the society at large through its ability to democratize technology and innovation.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3-4},
	journal = {Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management},
	author = {Androutsellis-Theotokis, Stephanos and Spinellis, Diomidis and Kechagia, Maria and Gousios, Georgios},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Hanover
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc},
	keywords = {Open source software, Leadership, Information systems, Open source, Software engineering, Software license, Software, Open-source software, Psychology, Operations management, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Information management, Software development, Public domain, Freeware, Source code, Developing countries--LDCs, Software distribution, Proprietary software, Engineering education, Licensing (technology), Software licenses, Visibility},
	pages = {187--347},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Now Publishers Inc 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{singh_developer_2011,
	title = {Developer {Heterogeneity} and {Formation} of {Communication} {Networks} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {JMIS}},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {07421222},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/developer-heterogeneity-formation-communication/docview/1366388095/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Over the past few years, open source software (OSS) development has gained a huge popularity and has attracted a large variety of developers. According to software engineering folklore, the architecture and the organization of software depend on the communication patterns of the contributors. Communication patterns among developers influence knowledge sharing among them. Unlike in a formal organization, the communication network structures in an OSS project evolve unrestricted and unplanned. We develop a non-cooperative game-theoretic model to investigate the network formation in an OSS team and to characterize the stable and efficient structures. Developer heterogeneity in the network is incorporated based on their informative value. We find that there may exist several stable structures that are inefficient and there may not always exist a stable structure that is efficient. The tension between the stability and efficiency of structures results from developers acting in their self-interest rather than the group interest. Whenever there is such tension, the stable structure is either underconnected across types or overconnected within type of developers from an efficiency perspective. We further discuss how an administrator can help evolve a stable network into an efficient one. Empirically, we use the latent class model and analyze two real-world OSS projects hosted at SourceForge. For each project, different types of developers and a stable structure are identified, which fits well with the predictions of our model. Overall, our study sheds light on how developer abilities and incentives affect communication network formation in OSS projects. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Management Information Systems},
	author = {Singh, Param Vir and Tan, Yong},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Political Science, Communication, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Information sharing, Game theory, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Software Projects, Developer, 2600:Management science/operations research, 5250:Telecommunications systems \& Internet communications, Formal organization, Communications networks, Latent class model, Non-cooperative game theory, Telecommunications network},
	pages = {179},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright M. E. Sharpe Inc. Winter 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{perr_open_2010,
	title = {Open for business: emerging business models in open source software: {Journal} international de la gestion technologique},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {02675730},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-business-emerging-models-source-software/docview/759585283/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1504/IJTM.2010.035984},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) has come of age, and a number of maturing business models allow OSS companies to make a profit even when their product is distributed for free. This article considers the dynamics of value creation fuelling the proliferation of OSS and examines the business model factors that enable value capture. After interviewing leaders from over 20 OSS firms and organisations through early 2006, we found that three factors were consistently important in defining a vendor's adoption of a given business model: software licence choice, which takes into account intellectual property ownership; management of developer communities; and the unique features of the markets and product categories in which the vendor participates. Considering these factors, we characterise seven business models. One striking finding is that it is rare to find business-model purity. The majority of firms in our sample are pursuing either blended business models or multiple models simultaneously. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3,4},
	journal = {International Journal of Technology Management},
	author = {Perr, Jon and Appleyard, Melissa M and Sullivan, Patrick},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Geneva
Publisher: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Business model, Intellectual property, Business models, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Value proposition, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 2310:Planning},
	pages = {432--456},
	annote = {CODEN - IJTMEG},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-26},
}

@article{choi_managing_2010,
	title = {Managing {First} {Impressions} of {New} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/managing-first-impressions-new-open-source/docview/757135845/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2010.26},
	abstract = {Open source software literature has largely ignored how newly initiated OSS projects can attract developers in order to sustain their vitality. In light of the fact that most are eventually abandoned, more attention needs to be paid to how these projects can effectively and efficiently attract more developers. Drawing on impression-management literature, especially first-impression management, the authors explore the potential role that the initial presentation of new OSS projects plays in attracting developers. The article presents preliminary findings from a pilot study including interviews and an exploratory quantitative analysis for further research. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Choi, Namjoo and Chengalur-Smith, Indushobha and Whitmore, Andrew},
	month = dec,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Analysis, Research, Project management, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Project, Software Projects, Organization theory, Computers--Software, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Websites, First impression, Mission statements, Search strategies, Substance over form},
	pages = {73--77},
	annote = {CODEN - IESOEG},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society Nov/Dec 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-30},
}

@article{chan_dual_2010,
	title = {Dual {Allegiance} and {Knowledge} {Sharing} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Firms}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {09631690},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dual-allegiance-knowledge-sharing-open-source/docview/744454197/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00566.x},
	abstract = {Employees of commercial software firms who participate in open source software projects are found to be allegiant to both their company and the open source community. In this paper we examine how these employees' dual allegiance influences their knowledge sharing behaviour. We adopt Husted and Michailova's model on dual allegiance and knowledge sharing in inter-firm R\&D collaborations to the context of open source software firms. We argue that the type of allegiance the individual holds towards their employing firm and the open source community has a strong influence of how they share knowledge with other community members. We use the examples of two open source software firms in New Zealand to ground the empirical inspiration of our paper and to illustrate our key ideas and arguments. We discuss the knowledge governance challenges imposed by employees' dual allegiance and how managers of open source software firms can balance the demands of the open source community and the interests of the clients. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Creativity and Innovation Management},
	author = {Chan, Johnny and Husted, Kenneth},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Studies, New Zealand, Business And Economics, Open source, Open-source software, Knowledge sharing, Information sharing, Intellectual property, Public domain, 9179:Asia \& the Pacific, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Software Projects, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Employees},
	pages = {314--326},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New Zealand},
}

@article{silver_monitoring_2010,
	title = {Monitoring {Network} and {Service} {Availability} with {Open}-{Source} {Software}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {07309295},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/monitoring-network-service-availability-with-open/docview/215828187/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Silver describes the implementation of a monitoring system using an open-source software package to improve the availability of services and reduce the response time when troubles occur. He provides a brief overview of the literature available on monitoring library systems, and then describes the implementation of Nagios, an open-source network monitoring system, to monitor a regional library system's servers and wide area network. Particular attention is paid to using the plug-in architecture to monitor library services effectively. The author includes example displays and configuration files. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Information Technology and Libraries},
	author = {Silver, T Michael},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Chicago
Publisher: American Library Association},
	keywords = {Open source software, Infrastructure, Software, Libraries, Open-source software, Software packages, Linux, Network Analysis, Operating systems, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Network, Monitoring, Servers, Wireless networks, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Freeware, United States--US, 51711:Wired and Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite), Source code, Computer Software, 9190:United States, Books, Best practice, 51921:Libraries and Archives, Community Relations, Flexibility, Wide area networks, Perl, Library Networks, Best Practices, Computer Networks, Library Services, Monitoring systems, Network monitoring, Network service, Programming Languages, Reaction time, Reaction Time, Response time},
	pages = {8--22},
	annote = {CODEN - ITLBDC},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright American Library Association Mar 2010},
	annote = {Document feature - Diagrams; Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
	annote = {Name - Wikipedia},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US; Library Services; Network Analysis; Best Practices; Library Networks; Programming Languages; Computer Networks; Reaction Time; Computer Software; Community Relations},
}

@article{morner_note_2009,
	title = {A {Note} on {Knowledge} {Creation} in {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Projects}: {What} {Can} {We} {Learn} from {Luhmann}'s {Theory} of {Social} {Systems}?},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1094429X},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/note-on-knowledge-creation-open-source-software/docview/211454754/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1007/s11213-009-9139-7},
	abstract = {We use the sociological systems theory proposed by Niklas Luhmann to complement a socially-oriented view of knowledge with the role of technical infrastructure in knowledge creation. We highlight the self-referential character of knowledge creation and draw upon illustrative examples from open-source software. We discuss why knowledge creation processes are often prone to breakdown and propose three conditions that may stabilize knowledge creation processes: perceptibility, systemic memory, and modularity. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Systemic Practice and Action Research},
	author = {Morner, Michèle and von Krogh, Georg},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Advantages, Leadership, Communication, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Linux, Operating systems, Knowledge management, Knowledge economy, Internet, Project management, Modularity, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Software Projects, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 9175:Western Europe, 1220:Social trends \& culture, International, Creation, System theory, Connectivity},
	pages = {431--443},
	annote = {Copyright - Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009},
	annote = {Document feature - References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-30},
}

@article{coris_free_2009,
	title = {Free software on the market-side: the failure-story of free software services companies in {France}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {10438599},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-software-on-market-side-failure-story/docview/219946456/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Considering the French case of Free Software Services Companies (FSSCs), this paper analyses free software's market-oriented aspects. We try to answer a fundamental question for free software: does the software industry have room for an alternative economic model based on the communities' ethic? Analysing FSSCs' competition with traditional IT Services Companies (ITSCs) and regarding the integration of free software in the ITSCs' product offer, we show how the software sector's structures could explain both FSSCs' and ITSCs' recent changes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Economics of Innovation and New Technology},
	author = {Coris, Marie},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Studies, Software, Competition, Free software, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Freeware, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 9175:Western Europe, 1130:Economic theory, Software services, France, Economic models, Market structure},
	pages = {547},
	annote = {CODEN - EINTEO},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Group 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - France},
}

@article{morelli_revitalizing_2009,
	title = {Revitalizing {Computing} {Education} {Through} {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} for {Humanity}},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/revitalizing-computing-education-through-free/docview/237057193/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) Project's goal is to help revitalize US undergraduate computing education by engaging students in developing FOSS that benefits humanity. What started as an independent study by two undergraduates in 2006, the project today includes students from a number of US colleges and universities engaged in a range of FOSS development projects, both global and local. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the project, along with some of the lessons learned and the challenges that remain. As a concept, HFOSS is clearly attractive to university computer science students and may help attract new students to computing. The HFOSS Project has expanded from its three initial schools, single corporate partner, and single software project into a vibrant community that today includes active faculty participants from eight US colleges and universities (and expressed interest from many more), industry representatives from five IT corporations, and ongoing software-development projects with two local nonprofit organizations and five international FOSS communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Morelli, Ralph and Tucker, Allen and Danner, Norman and de Lanerolle, Trishan R and Ellis, Heidi JC and Izmirli, Ozgur and Krizanc, Danny and Parker, Gary},
	month = aug,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Students, Software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Software project management, United States--US, 9190:United States, Projects, 8306:Schools and educational services, College students, 61131:Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools, Colleges \& universities, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, Objectives, Progress},
	pages = {67},
	annote = {CODEN - CACMA2},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Aug 2009},
	annote = {Document feature - Illustrations; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{beecher_identifying_2009,
	title = {Identifying exogenous drivers and evolutionary stages in {FLOSS} projects},
	volume = {82},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/identifying-exogenous-drivers-evolutionary-stages/docview/229644524/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The success of a Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) project has been evaluated in the past through the number of commits made to its configuration management system, number of developers and number of users. Most studies, based on a popular FLOSS repository (SourceForge), have concluded that the vast majority of projects are failures. This study's empirical results confirm and expand conclusions from an earlier and more limited work. Not only do projects from different repositories display different process and product characteristics, but a more general pattern can be observed. Projects may be considered as early inceptors in highly visible repositories, or as established projects within desktop-wide projects, or finally as structured parts of FLOSS distributions. These three possibilities are formalized into a framework of transitions between repositories. The framework developed here provides a wider context in which results from FLOSS repository mining can be more effectively presented. Researchers can draw different conclusions based on the overall characteristics studied about an Open Source software project's potential for success, depending on the repository that they mine. These results also provide guidance to OSS developers when choosing where to host their project and how to distribute it to maximize its evolutionary success. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Beecher, Karl and Capiluppi, Andrea and Boldyreff, Cornelia},
	month = may,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open-source software, Success, Project management, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Project, Software project management, Computers--Software, Floss, Object repository},
	pages = {739},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. May 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-28},
}

@article{fang_understanding_2009,
	title = {Understanding {Sustained} {Participation} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Projects}: {JMIS}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {07421222},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-sustained-participation-open-source/docview/1366133987/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Prior research into open source software (OSS) developer participation has emphasized individuals' motivations for joining these volunteer communities, but it has failed to explain why people stay or leave in the long run. Building upon Lave and Wenger's theory of legitimate peripheral participation (LPP), this paper offers a longitudinal investigation of one OSS community in which sustained participation is hypothesized to be associated with the coevolution of two major elements of LPP theory: "situated learning" (the process of acting knowledgeably and purposefully in the world) and "identity construction" (the process of being identified within the community). To test this hypothesis, data were collected from multiple sources, including online public project documents, electronic mail messages, tracker messages, and log files. Results from qualitative analyses revealed that initial conditions to participate did not effectively predict long-term participation, but that situated learning and identity construction behaviors were positively linked to sustained participation. Furthermore, this study reveals that sustained participants distinguished themselves by consistently engaging in situated learning that both made conceptual (advising others) and practical contributions (improving the code). Implications and future research are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Management Information Systems},
	author = {Fang, Yuling and Neufeld, Derrick},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Learning, Political Science, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Participation, Software, Open-source software, Longitudinal study, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Project, Software Projects, Developer, Identity formation, Situated learning},
	pages = {9},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright M. E. Sharpe Inc. Spring 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{krishnamurthy_monetary_2009,
	title = {Monetary donations to an open source software platform},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/monetary-donations-open-source-software-platform/docview/223239099/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Online open source software platforms, such as Sourceforge.net, play a vital role in creating an ecosystem that enables the creation and growth of open source projects. However, there is little research exploring the interactions between open source stakeholders and the platform. We believe that the sustainability of the platform crucially depends on financial incentives. While platforms can obtain these incentives through multiple means, in this paper we focus on one form of financial incentives - voluntary monetary donations by open source community members. We report findings from two empirical studies that examine factors that impact donations. Study 1 investigates the factors that cause some community members to donate and not others. We find that the decision to donate is impacted by relational commitment with open source software platform, donation to projects and accepting donations from others. Study 2 examines what drives the level of donation. We find that the length of association with the platform and relational commitment affects donation levels. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Krishnamurthy, Sandeep and Tripathi, Arvind K},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Sustainability, Social, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Donations, Computing platform, Monetary incentives, Computer platforms},
	pages = {404},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Mar 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{giuri_explaining_2008,
	title = {Explaining leadership in virtual teams: {The} case of open source software},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/explaining-leadership-virtual-teams-case-open/docview/199318652/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper contributes to the open source software (OSS) literature by investigating the likelihood that a participant becomes a project leader. Project leaders are key actors in a virtual community and are crucial to the success of the OSS model. Knowledge of the forces that lead to the emergence of project managers among the multitude of participants is still limited. We aim to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the association between the roles played by an individual who is registered with a project, and a set of individual-level and project-level characteristics. In line with the theory of occupational choice elaborated by (Lazear, E.P., 2002. Entrepreneurship. NBER Working Paper No. 9109, Cambridge, Mass; Lazear, E.P., 2004. Balanced skills and entrepreneurship, American Economic Review 94, pp. 208-211), we find that OSS project leaders possess diversified skill sets which are needed to select the inputs provided by various participants, motivate contributors, and coordinate their efforts. Specialists, like pure developers, are endowed with more focused skill sets. Moreover, we find that the degree of modularity of the development process is positively associated with the presence of project leaders. That result is consistent with the modern theory of modular production (Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B., 1997. Managing in an age of modularity. Harvard Business Review September-October. pp. 84-93; Mateos-Garcia, J., Steinmueller, W.E., 2003. The Open Source Way of Working: A New Paradigm for the Division of Labour in Software Development? SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Studies. Open Source Movement Research INK Working Paper, No. 1; Aoki, M., 2004. An organizational architecture of T-form: Silicon Valley clustering and its institutional coherence. Industrial and Corporate Change 13, pp. 967-981). [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {Giuri, Paola and Rullani, Francesco and Torrisi, Salvatore},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Leadership, Studies, Open-source software, Entrepreneurship, Communications, Teams, Project management, Modularity, Roles, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Team, Correlation analysis, Project manager, Virtual team},
	pages = {305},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{den_besten_allocation_2008,
	title = {The allocation of collaborative efforts in open-source software},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/allocation-collaborative-efforts-open-source/docview/199295623/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.003},
	abstract = {The article investigates the allocation of collaborative efforts among core developers (maintainers) of open-source software by analyzing on-line development traces (logs) for a set of 10 large projects. Specifically, we investigate whether the division of labor within open-source projects is influenced by characteristics of software code. We suggest that the collaboration among maintainers tends to be influenced by different measures of code complexity. We interpret these findings by providing preliminary evidence that the organization of open-source software development would self-adapt to characteristics of the code base, in a 'stigmergic' manner. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {den Besten, Matthijs and Dalle, Jean-Michel and Galia, Fabrice},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Communications, Software development, Codes, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Developer, Collaborative, Code complexity},
	pages = {316},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{cromie_squatting_2008,
	title = {Squatting at the digital campfire: {Researching} the open source software community: {The} {Journal} of the {Market} {Research} {Society}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {14707853},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/squatting-at-digital-campfire-researching-open/docview/214807224/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper describes an internet-mediated netnography of the open source software (OSS) community. A brief history of OSS is presented, along with a discussion of the defining characteristics of the phenomenon. A theoretical rationale for the method is then offered and several unique features detailed. The evolution of the methodology in practice is described and salient lessons highlighted. In addition to gathering a large volume of rich data as intended, early phases of the implementation of this method produced a number of unanticipated but significant findings. The paper concludes by summarising the key methodological considerations for conducting a phenomenology of a true online community. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {International Journal of Market Research},
	author = {Cromie, John and Ewing, Michael},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Henley-on-Thames
Publisher: Market Research Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Qualitative research, Research methodology, Studies, Business And Economics--Marketing And Purchasing, Open source, Online community, Software, Open-source software, Market research, Internet, Network, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 7100:Market research, 5250:Telecommunications systems \& Internet communications, Netnography, Phenomenology},
	pages = {631},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Market Research Society 2008},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-28},
}

@article{david_dynamics_2008,
	title = {Dynamics of innovation in an "open source" collaboration environment: lurking, laboring, and launching {FLOSS} projects on {SourceForge}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {09606491},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dynamics-innovation-open-source-collaboration/docview/237207627/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1093/icc/dtn026},
	abstract = {A systems analysis perspective is adopted to examine the critical properties of the Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) mode of innovation, as reflected on the SourceForge platform (SF.net). This approach re-scales March's (1991) framework and applies it to characterize the "innovation system" of a "distributed organization" of interacting agents in a virtual collaboration environment, rather than to innovation within a firm. March (1991) views the process of innovation at the organizational level as the coupling of sub-processes of exploration and exploitation. Correspondingly, the innovation system of the virtual collaboration environment represented by SF.net is an emergent property of two "coupled" processes: one involves the interactions among agents searching the locale for information and knowledge resources to use in designing novel software products (i.e., exploration), and the other involves the mobilization of individuals' capabilities for application in the software development projects that become established on the platform (i.e., exploitation). The micro-dynamics of this system are studied empirically by constructing transition probability matrices representing the movements of 222,835 SF.net users among seven different activity states, which range from "lurking" (not contributing or contributing to projects without becoming a member) to "laboring" (joining one or more projects as members), and to "launching" (founding one or more projects) within each successive 6-month interval. The estimated probabilities are found to form first-order Markov chains describing ergodic processes. This makes it possible the computation of the equilibrium distribution of agents among the states, thereby suppressing transient effects and revealing persisting patterns of project joining and project launching. The latter show the FLOSS innovation process on SF.net to be highly dissipative: a very large proportion of the registered "developers" fail to become even minimally active on the platform. There is nevertheless an active core of mobile project joiners, and a (still smaller) core of project founders who persist in creating new projects. The structure of these groups' interactions (as displayed within the 3-year period examined) is investigated in detail, and it is shown that it would be sufficient to sustain both the exploration and exploitation phases of the platform's global dynamics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change, suppl. Special Issue: Schumpeterian Themes on Industrial},
	author = {David, Paul A and Rullani, Francesco},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Oxford Publishing Limited (England)},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open-source software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Innovations, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Business And Economics--Economic Systems And Theories, Economic History, Exploitation, Exploration, Innovation system, Markov chain, Systems analysis},
	pages = {647--710},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved.},
	annote = {Document feature - References; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{sohn_strategic_2008,
	title = {A strategic analysis for successful open source software utilization based on a structural equation model},
	volume = {81},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/strategic-analysis-successful-open-source/docview/229597158/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Commercial software companies face many challenges when competing in today's fast moving and competitive industry environment. Recently, the use of open source software (OSS) has been proposed as a possible way to address those challenges. OSS provides many benefits, including high-quality software and substantial profits. Nevertheless, OSS has not been effectively utilized in real business. The purpose of this paper is to find what affects the utilization of OSS. For this study, we propose a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the relationships between the quality factors based on ISO/IEC 9126 and OSS utilization. In addition, we suggest an open source software utilization index (OSSUI) based on the proposed SEM. The results provide us with the controllable feedback information to improve user (programmer) satisfaction during OSS utilization. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Sohn, So Young and Mok, Min Seok},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Competition, Models, Software quality, ISO standards, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Software industry, Computers--Software, ISO/IEC 9126},
	pages = {1014},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jun 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{gallego_designing_2008,
	title = {Designing a forecasting analysis to understand the diffusion of open source software in the year 2010},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {00401625},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/designing-forecasting-analysis-understand/docview/205257823/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.002},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) is being considered the new paradigm of software distribution. As contrasted with the traditional software marketing model, OSS pursues the freedom to have access to open source and offers several advantages to enterprises. These advantages include saving costs related to Information Systems and Technologies (IS/IT) and the possibility of adapting to changing organizational requirements. However, the recent forthcoming of OSS prevents us from knowing the real impact it has today on social and organizational fields. Having considered this obstacle, the authors have defined a foreseeable setting for OSS diffusion and adoption by means of a forecasting study based on the Delphi method for the year 2010. The findings reveal the levels of OSS diffusion for this year according to the main applications, geographic regions and industries. In a complementary manner, the authors have studied the elements of success as well as the most relevant obstacles for diffusing and adopting technological solutions based on OSS. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
	author = {Gallego, M Dolores and Luna, Paula and Bueno, Salvador},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Technology transfer, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 7100:Market research, Delphi method, Software distribution, Success factors, Forecasting techniques},
	pages = {672},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{yu_self-organization_2008,
	title = {Self-organization process in open-source software: {An} empirical study},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/self-organization-process-open-source-software/docview/196419736/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Software systems must continually evolve to adapt to new functional requirements or quality requirements to remain competitive in the marketplace. However, different software systems follow different strategies to evolve, affecting both the release plan and the quality of these systems. In this paper, software evolution is considered as a self-organization process and the difference between closed-source software and open-source software is discussed in terms of self-organization. In particular, an empirical study of the evolution of Linux from version 2.4.0 to version 2.6.13 is reported. The study shows how open-source software systems self-organize to adapt to functional requirements and quality requirements. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Yu, Liguo},
	month = apr,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Self-organization, Software quality, Software evolution, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Software upgrading, Computers--Data Base Management, Functional requirement, Software system},
	pages = {361},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Apr 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{bitzer_open_2007,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software}, {Competition} and {Innovation}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {13662716},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-competition-innovation/docview/201463493/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The entry and success of open source software (OSS), for example, Linux's entry into the operating systems market, has fundamentally changed industry structures in the software business. In this paper we explore the process of OSS innovation and highlight the impact of increased competition and different cost structures on innovative activity in the industry, which has been neglected in the literature thus far. In a simple model, we formalize the innovation impact of OSS entry by examining a change in market structure from monopoly to duopoly under the assumption that software producers compete in technology rather than price or quantities. The model takes into account development costs and total cost of ownership, whereby the latter captures items such as network externalities. The paper identifies a pro-innovative effect of both intra-OSS and extra-OSS competition. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Industry and Innovation},
	author = {Bitzer, Jürgen and Schröder, Philipp J H},
	month = dec,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: Sydney
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Competition, Software business, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Innovations, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, 7000:Marketing, Network effect, 1130:Economic theory, Market entry, Market structure, Cost leadership},
	pages = {461},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Ltd. Dec 2007},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{dahlander_penguin_2007,
	title = {Penguin in a new suit: a tale of how de novo entrants emerged to harness free and open source software communities},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {09606491},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/penguin-new-suit-tale-how-de-novo-entrants/docview/237211259/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1093/icc/dtm026},
	abstract = {A growing body of literature has explored the motivations for individuals to take part in free and open source software (FOSS), yet how firms participate is largely an unattended research area. Building on information from an extensive dataset of secondary sources and 30 in-depth interviews, I show that de novo  entrants have emerged in conjunction with a changing institutional infrastructure and a more pragmatic attitude toward firms that focus on technological benefits rather than ideology. To understand how these firms try to harness the work of these communities, I use the empirical data to derive a 2*2 matrix of different approaches. The X axis reflects whether or not the firms initiated a new community or relied on communities founded by peers, whereas the Y axis represents the degree of participation of the firm in the community. This taxonomy illustrates how de novo entrants are initiating new forms of communities or joining communities established by peers. This suggests that while many of the central pillars of FOSS remains, de novo entrants have emerged to find new ways of making business resulting in various implications for firm strategies and knowledge disclosure. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change},
	author = {Dahlander, Linus},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Oxford Publishing Limited (England)},
	keywords = {Science, Open source software, Community, Studies, Open source, Participation, Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, Organizational behavior, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 51321:Software Publishers, Software industry, Innovations, Research \& development--R\&D, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Free and open-source software, Business And Economics--Economic Systems And Theories, Economic History, Open access, Commercialization, Peers},
	pages = {913--943},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved.},
	annote = {Document feature - References; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{kshetri_government_2007,
	title = {Government {Policy}, {Continental} {Collaboration} and the {Diffusion} of {Open} {Source} {Software} in {China}, {Japan}, and {South} {Korea}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {10599231},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/government-policy-continental-collaboration/docview/204287046/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1300/J098v08n01_06},
	abstract = {The scale of development and deployment of open source software (OSS) in the three Northeast Asian countries-China, Japan, and South Korea-is large enough to be noticed at the global level. OSS has redefined the dynamics of software markets in the three countries and has brought significant structural changes in their software industries. Governments have played a pivotal role in the development of OSS industry in the region. Governments in the three countries have also created impetus for continental collaborations in OSS projects. This paper examines the roles and contributions of governments to the OSS initiative in the three countries in terms of a number of technology visions and goals. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Asia - Pacific Business},
	author = {Kshetri, Nir and Schiopu, Andreea},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: Binghamton
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis LLC},
	keywords = {Open source software, China, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Open-source software, Diffusion, Public policy, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 9179:Asia \& the Pacific, Japan, Business And Economics--International Commerce, 1200:Social policy, Initiatives, South Korea},
	pages = {61},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Haworth Press, Inc. 2007},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China; Japan; South Korea},
}

@article{johnson_collaboration_2006,
	title = {Collaboration, peer review and open source software},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/collaboration-peer-review-open-source-software/docview/199295033/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2006.07.001},
	abstract = {Open source software development may be superior to proprietary development because the open source organizational form naturally minimizes transactions costs associated with privately distributed information. This manifests itself in the ability of open source communities to encourage critical peer review and the sharing of ideas. When these activities are important, the open source organizational form may do better than a proprietary organizational form. My results suggest why open source is particularly powerful when maintainability of software is critical, and also suggest that the founder of a software project may be more likely to choose open source if there is an existing dominant proprietary software project. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {Johnson, Justin P},
	month = nov,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Communications, Organization development, Project management, Peer review, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Software project management, 2600:Management science/operations research, Critical path},
	pages = {477},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Nov 2006},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{cook_implementing_2006,
	title = {Implementing {eGovernment} without promoting dependence: open source software in developing countries in {Southeast} {Asia}[dagger]},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {02712075},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/implementing-egovernment-without-promoting/docview/216161176/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1002/pad.403},
	abstract = {Given that eGovernment is likely to become part of development strategies, the most desirable form of eGovernment is that which promotes the domestic generation of intellectual property or, at least, contributes least to the international intellectual property (IP) imbalance. One way to achieve these ends is to implement eGovernment using free or open source software (FOSS). This will reduce dependence on software owned by major companies in developed countries. It could also promote an IP generating capacity in developing countries. An examination of the status of free or open source software in developing countries in Southeast Asia reveals that governments in these countries are aware of FOSS and wish to foster its use (but face considerable pressure to use proprietary software). This examination also reveals the presence of small but active groups seeking to develop and promote the use of free or open source software. This article is comprised of a discussion of FOSS (including that suitable for eGovernment), an explanation of the importance of FOSS for developing countries, a justification of governments centrality to the introduction of FOSS and a consideration of policies and initiatives undertaken by governments in developing countries in Southeast Asia. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Public Administration \& Development},
	author = {Cook, Ian and Horobin, Gavin},
	month = oct,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Chichester
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Development, Studies, Open source, Public policy, Intellectual property, Government, Electronic government, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 9179:Asia \& the Pacific, E-government, 9550:Public sector, Developing countries--LDCs, 1120:Economic policy \& planning, Business And Economics--International Development And Assistance, Dependence, Developing country, Southeast Asia},
	pages = {279},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Wiley Periodicals Inc. Oct 2006},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Southeast Asia},
}

@article{williams_developing_2006,
	title = {Developing a {Telecommunication} {Operation} {Support} {Systems} ({OSS}): {The} {Impact} of a {Change} in {Network} {Technology}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {15487717},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/developing-telecommunication-operation-support/docview/2954642508/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.4018/jcit.2006100104},
	abstract = {The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened competition in the telecommunications market in the U.S. and forced the incumbent telecommunications companies to open both their physical and logical infrastructure for Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs). In this case study we focus on the problems that face a CLEC with regard to designing an information system and getting a back office system, called an Operations Support Systems (OSS), operational in a highly competitive, complex, fast-paced market in a compressed time frame when a change in a critical telecommunications network component, namely the central office switch, is made after 75\% of the system implementation was completed. This case deals with the factors that led to this change in central office switches, its impact on the IT department, its impact on the company, and the alternatives considered by the IT department as possible solutions to the many problems created by this change.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Cases on Information Technology},
	author = {Williams, James and Olsen, Kai},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Hershey
Publisher: IGI Global},
	keywords = {Telecommunications, Business And Economics--Management, Markets, Telecommunications industry, Support systems},
	pages = {35--54},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright © 2006, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-08-26},
}

@article{berry_free_2006,
	title = {Free and open-source software: {Opening} and democratising e- government's black box},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {15701255},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-open-source-software-opening-democratising-e/docview/195043561/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This article considers the implications that the use of free and open-source software in government might have for democracy and public participation. From a constructionist perspective, the democratic effects of non-proprietary software are contingent on how the practice of free and open-source software is discursively represented and constituted as it is translated into new e-government systems. On these premises, an analysis of official discourse and government policy for non-proprietary software suggests that its introduction into government will bring more politics as usual rather than democratisation. Nevertheless, on the basis of an alternative discourse of ethics and freedom evident in the Free Software and Open Source communities, the authors of this paper envisage circumstances in which the discourse and practice of non-proprietary software contribute to opening-up and democratising e-government, by protecting and extending transparency and accountability in e-governments and by offering scope for technology to be shaped by citizens and associations as well as by administrators and private interests. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Information Polity},
	author = {Berry, David M and Moss, Giles},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: IOS Press BV},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Democracy, Open-source software, Public policy, Discourse analysis, Government, Electronic government, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Freeware, E-government, 1200:Social policy, 6300:Labor relations, Communications--Computer Applications, Industrial democracy, Public participation},
	pages = {21},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IOS Press 2006},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{chawner_freeopen_2005,
	title = {Free/{Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {14684527},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-open-source-software-development/docview/194543767/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1108/14684520510607650},
	abstract = {The book Free/Open Source Software Development, edited by Stefan Koch, is reviewed.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Online Information Review},
	author = {Chawner, Brenda},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Place: Bradford
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers--Internet, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Hypothesis testing, Computer Mediated Communication, Software development, Software quality, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Computer Software, Book reviews, Books, Free, Community Relations},
	pages = {325--326},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright MCB UP Limited (MCB) 2005},
	annote = {Document feature - references},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-04-17},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer Mediated Communication; Computer Software; Community Relations},
}

@article{yoo_open_2005,
	title = {Open source software for medical image processing and visualization},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-medical-image-processing/docview/237056523/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1145/1042091.1042120},
	abstract = {Societies often create smaller subsets or communities that connect with one another for commerce and intellectual exchange over mutual interests. In science and engineering, the need for communication among researchers is often hampered by artificial barriers of university politics, economic market forces, and the sheer momentum of an academic reward structure that values individual discovery over joint development. Recent initiatives have attempted to reduce some of these barriers, encouraging collaborative multidisciplinary research programs. Through this effort, the processes have been studied that lead to the successful foundation of new communities. The current focus has led to the creation of Insight, a project for open source image processing software development, along with the Insight Software Consortium, which includes more than 17 participating universities and commercial institutions. The initial emphasis of this effort is to provide public software tools for 3D segmentation and deformable and rigid registration, capable of analyzing the head and neck anatomy of the Visible Human Project data. The eventual goal is to provide the cornerstone of a self-sustaining software community in 3D, 4D, and higher dimensional data analysis. Ultimately, this is intended to be a public software resource that will serve as a foundation for future medical image research.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Yoo, Terry S and Ackerman, Michael J},
	month = feb,
	year = {2005},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Collaboration, Computer science, Open-source software, Research, Visualization, Software utilities, Software development, Architecture, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Research \& development--R\&D, United States--US, Engineering, 5400:Research \& development, 9190:United States, Research \& development, Application programming interface, Interfaces, 8320:Health care industry, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, Digital image processing, Image, Medical imaging},
	annote = {CODEN - CACMA2},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Feb 2005},
	annote = {Document feature - references; illustrations},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{zhao_user_2004,
	title = {User {Collaboration} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {10196781},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/user-collaboration-open-source-software/docview/216896990/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source development is labelled with free source, fast evolution and extensive user collaboration. Previous studies primarily touched on user activities in a few well-known open source projects but lack the empirical data to represent important issues facing the open source development community. This paper reports on a survey-based study that investigated user collaboration in open source development. Among the many interesting results, we found open source users themselves to be very experienced software developers. They are highly motivated to make their own contributions, work closely with developers on various tasks, and use electronic communication tools extensively. Users with different development experience and contributing to different category of projects tend to exhibit different motivations and behaviours. These findings confirm the differences between traditional and open source user collaboration and their implications for future open source evolution and management are given and discussed in this paper. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Electronic Markets},
	author = {Zhao, Luyin and Deek, Fadi P},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	note = {Place: Heidelberg
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Behavior, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Product development, Software development, Users, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 7500:Product planning \& development, Business And Economics--Computer Applications, Programmer},
	pages = {89--103},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Group Jun 2004},
	annote = {Document feature - graphs; tables; references},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{huntley_organizational_2003,
	title = {Organizational {Learning} in {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Projects}: {An} {Analysis} of {Debugging} {Data}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {00189391},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/organizational-learning-open-source-software/docview/195646307/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper studies organizational learning effects in open-source programming projects. Working with data from the Apache and Mozilla projects, the study focuses on three aspects of open-source development. The first is the use of the open-source approach as a hedge against system complexity. The second is the adaptive learning mechanisms realized by the debugging process. The last is the learning curve effects of project-specific experience on bug cycle times. The results indicate that while open-source development is subject to positive learning effects, these effects are not universal, with some projects deriving more benefit than others. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management},
	author = {Huntley, Christopher L},
	month = nov,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open-source software, Learning curves, 5240:Software \& systems, 2500:Organizational behavior, Engineering--Electrical Engineering, Software Projects, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Organizational learning, Debugging},
	pages = {485--493},
	annote = {CODEN - IEEMA4},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Nov 2003},
	annote = {Document feature - references; tables; graphs; equations},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{bonaccorsi_why_2003,
	title = {Why open source software can succeed},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/why-open-source-software-can-succeed/docview/223244631/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper discusses 3 key economic problems raised by the emergence of Open Source: motivation, co-ordination, and diffusion. First, the movement took off through the activity of a community that did not follow profit motivations. Second, a hierarchical co-ordination emerged without proprietary rights. Third, Open Source systems diffused in environments dominated by proprietary standard. The paper shows that recent developments in the theory of diffusion of technologies with network externality may help to explain these phenomena. A simulation model based on heterogeneous agents is developed in order to identify the relevant factors in the diffusion of the technology. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Bonaccorsi, Andrea and Rossi, Cristina},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Software, Diffusion, 5240:Software \& systems, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Open, Economic impact, Ordination},
	pages = {1243--1258},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jul 2003},
	annote = {Document feature - equations; charts},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
}

@article{dempsey_who_2002,
	title = {Who is an open source software developer?},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/who-is-open-source-software-developer/docview/237044539/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1145/503124.503125},
	abstract = {The Linux Software Maps (LSM) contributions span a range of software functions. The rate of LSM-based submissions is growing. LSM authors come from a truly worldwide community spanning many organizations. Contributions are spread widely across a base of over 2,400 individuals. The systems and applications categories are by far the largest areas of contribution and games has relatively few contributions. With the continuing success of Linux, this passionate engagement has resulted in very widely used code. Obviously it is sustainable and produced by a broad community. Open source developers are taking advantage of that transforming power today, signaling a bright future for open source communities as a basis for developing and evolving software for the global Internet.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Dempsey, Bert J and Weiss, Debra and Jones, Paul and Greenberg, Jane},
	month = feb,
	year = {2002},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Application software, Linux, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Developer, Programmers, Programmer, 9180:International, International, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems},
	pages = {67--72},
	annote = {CODEN - CACMA2},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Feb 2002},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-20},
}

@article{kogut_open-source_2001,
	title = {Open-source software development and distributed innovation},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0266903X},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-development-distributed/docview/202936628/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1093/oxrep/17.2.248},
	abstract = {Open-source software development is a production model that exploits the distributed intelligence of participants in Internet communities. This model is efficient because of two related reasons: it avoids the inefficiencies of a strong intellectual property regime and it implements concurrently design and testing of software modules. The hazard of open-source is that projects can fork into competing versions. Open-source communities consist of governance structures that constitutionally minimize this danger. Because open source works in a distributed environment, it presents an opportunity for developing countries to participate in frontier innovation.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
	author = {Kogut, Bruce and Metiu, Anca},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Oxford Publishing Limited (England)},
	keywords = {Open source software, Communication, Studies, Business And Economics, Collaboration, Open source, Hypotheses, Product development, Patents, Virtual community, Intellectual property, Cooperation, Internet, Economics, Software development, Public domain, Innovations, Open innovation, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Laboratories, 7500:Product planning \& development, Public good, 5250:Telecommunications systems \& Internet communications, Developing country, 4300:Law, World Wide Web, Protocol, Market positioning, Distributed processing, Division of labor, Industrial research, Private enterprise},
	pages = {248--264},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Summer 2001},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{price_gregory_1998,
	title = {Gregory {Bateson} and the {OSS}: {World} {War} {II} and {Bateson}'s assessment of applied anthropology},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {00187259},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/gregory-bateson-oss-world-war-ii-batesons/docview/201154708/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.17730/humo.57.4.7428246q71t7p612},
	abstract = {This article uses documents released from the Central Intelligence Agency under the Freedom of Information Act to examine Gregory Bateson's work for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II.  The primary document under consideration is a position paper written by Bateson for the OSS in November 1944.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Human Organization},
	author = {Price, David H},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Place: Oklahoma City
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Science, India, War, Anthropology, Social sciences, Freedom of information, Propaganda, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, United States--US, New York, Applied anthropology, Bateson, Gregory, Beat Generation, Gregory Bateson, Intelligence, Intelligence gathering, Intelligence services, North Africa, Washington DC, World war, World War II},
	pages = {379--384},
	annote = {CODEN - HUORAY},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Society of Applied Anthropology Winter 1998},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {Name - OSS; Office of Strategic Services--OSS},
	annote = {People - Bateson, Gregory},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bateson, Gregory; North Africa; United States--US; New York; India; Washington DC},
}