adaptation-slr/SLR_references_total/SLR_references_1/301-400-ProQuestDocuments-2025-02-27.bib

@article{linaker_open_2023,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} in the {Public} {Sector}: 25 {Years} and {Still} in {Its} {Infancy}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-public-sector-25-years-still/docview/2834308780/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2023.3266105},
	abstract = {The proliferation of Open Source Software (OSS) adoption and collaboration has surged within industry, resulting in its ubiquitous presence in commercial offerings and shared digital infrastructure. However, in the public sector, both awareness and adoption of OSS is still in its infancy due to a number of obstacles including regulatory, cultural, and capacity-related challenges. This special issue is a call for action, highlighting the necessity for both research and practice to narrow the gap, selectively transfer and adapt existing knowledge, as well as generate new knowledge to enable the public sector to fully harness the potential benefits OSS has to offer.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Linaker, Johan and Robles, Gregorio and Bryant, Deborah and Muto, Sachiko},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Software, Knowledge management, Computers--Software},
	pages = {39--44},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-07-08},
}

@article{holbrook_clarity_2023,
	title = {Clarity {About} {Transparency}: {Software} {Transparency} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Licenses} in the {U}.{S}. {Public} {Sector}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/clarity-about-transparency-software-open-source/docview/2834308413/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2023.3265889},
	abstract = {Public sector entities working with the U.S. government should strive to be transparent by releasing and ingesting software bill of materials when implementing new projects, including projects with closed source software and open source software.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Holbrook, Luke D},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Software, Licenses, Government, Computers--Software, Bills of materials},
	pages = {71--76},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2023},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-07-08},
}

@article{chen_flourish_2022,
	title = {Flourish or {Perish}? {The} {Impact} of {Technological} {Acquisitions} on {Contributions} to {Open}-{Source} {Software}},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/flourish-perish-impact-technological-acquisitions/docview/2718384104/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1287/isre.2021.1086},
	abstract = {This study examines the impact of technological acquisitions on contributions to firm-sponsored community-based open-source software (OSS). We distinguish between internal contributors affiliated with target firms and external contributors from the community, and examine how they respond to technological acquisitions differently. Theoretically, we examine how technological acquisition influences contributors' uncertainty about project quality through a signaling effect and influences their uncertainty about project continuity through potential resource combination. We connect uncertainties with contributors' motivations to theorize their responses to acquisitions. Empirically, we find that external contributors contribute more actively to both target firms' sponsored projects and other projects in the OSS community after acquisitions, which contrast with the adverse effects of acquisitions observed in traditional corporate innovation. Although internal contributors reduce contributions to target firms' sponsored projects after acquisitions, they increase contributions to other OSS projects in the community. We also find that the acquirer's OSS experience and the project similarity between the acquirer and the target drive both external and internal contributors to shift their development efforts to the acquirer's projects and other projects in the OSS community. By examining these effort shifts in OSS contributions, our study generates unique theoretical insights about the impacts of technological acquisitions in the OSS context and important practical implications for acquirers, target firms, and the general OSS community.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Chen, Wei and Jin, Fujie and Xue, Ling},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Uncertainty, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Corporate governance, Project management, Public domain, Technological change, Innovations, Target acquisition},
	pages = {867},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Sep 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-20},
}

@article{shi_sustained_2022,
	title = {Sustained {Participation} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project} {Communities}},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {08874417},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/sustained-participation-open-source-software/docview/2708632042/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/08874417.2021.1949645},
	abstract = {Sustained participation is critical for the viability of open source software (OSS) project communities (OSSPCs), and this paper explores how sustained participation is maintained in viable OSSPCs. With the lens of the integrative model of trust (IMoT), hypotheses regarding interactions between trust and community citizenship behaviors (CCBs – as OSSPC participating activities) are developed. Both a qualitative study and a quantitative study are conducted, and data analysis confirms both the Trust→CCBs and the CCBs→Trust hypotheses along the time dimension, revealing CCBs-Trust interactions as a mechanism for maintaining sustained community participation. Further, while it is found that CCBs have an accumulative overall positive impact on trust, alternating positive and negative impacts of CCBs on trust over time are identified. In addition, a delayed impact is also identified in the Trust→CCBs relationship. These findings are explained from several theoretical perspectives, which provide directions for future research and help community management to maintain sustained participation.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The Journal of Computer Information Systems},
	author = {Shi, Zhengzhong and Sun, Hua},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Stillwater
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Data analysis, Open source, Participation, Hypotheses, OSS, Software, diffusion of innovation, Trust, Public domain, Software project management, Qualitative analysis, Community participation, integrative model of trust, intellectual capital creation, social learning system, stage model, sustained participation, vector autoregressive model},
	pages = {907--920},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2021 International Association for Computer Information Systems},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-21},
}

@article{chapman_technical_2022,
	title = {Technical {Note}: {Open}‐{Source} {Software} for {Water}‐{Level} {Measurement} in {Images} {With} a {Calibration} {Target}},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {00431397},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/technical-note-open-source-software-water-level/docview/2707627947/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1029/2022WR033203},
	abstract = {Image‐based water level measurements offer data quality assurance through visual verification that no other method can provide. GaugeCam Remote Image Manager‐Educational 2 (GRIME2) is a mature, open‐source commercial friendly software application that automatically detects and measures water level in laboratory and field settings. The software relies on a dedicated target background for water line detection and image calibration. The system detects the change in pixel gray scale values associated with the intersection of the water level at the target surface. Fiducials on the target background are used to precisely create a pixel to real world coordinate transfer matrix and to correct for camera movement. The presented software package implements the algorithms and automates the water level measurement process, annotation of images with result overlays, creation of animations, and output of results to files that can be further analyzed in a spreadsheet or with R or Python. These GRIME2 features are illustrated using imagery from a coastal marsh field site. Tradeoffs between workflow and algorithm complexity and ease of use are discussed and future improvements are identified with the intention that this Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable‐inspired software can be adopted, modified and improved by the user community. While image resolution, quality and other factors associated with field deployment (e.g., water surface roughness, sun glare, shadows, and bio‐fouling) will have an impact on measurement quality, previous controlled laboratory testing that did not manifest these issues showed potential for accuracy of ±3 mm (Gilmore et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.011).},
	language = {English},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	author = {Chapman, Kenneth W and Gilmore, Troy E and Chapman, Christian D and Birgand, François and Mittelstet, Aaron R and Harner, Mary J and Mehrubeoglu, Mehrube and Stranzl, Jr, John E},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, open source software, Quality assurance, Software, Software packages, Measurement, Imagery, Software development, Algorithms, Environmental, Laboratories, Workflow, Digital image processing, Annotations, Calibration, Coastal marshes, Earth Sciences--Hydrology, hydrology, image processing, Image processing, Image quality, Image resolution, Laboratory tests, pixel to world calibration, Pixels, Shadows, stage measurement, Surface roughness, Tidal marsh, Transfer matrices, Water, Water level, Water level measurement, Water levels, waterline detection},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2022. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-02},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental},
}

@article{padala_how_2022,
	title = {How {Gender}-{Biased} {Tools} {Shape} {Newcomer} {Experiences} in {OSS} {Projects}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-gender-biased-tools-shape-newcomer/docview/2619023727/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2020.2984173},
	abstract = {Previous research has revealed that newcomer women are disproportionately affected by gender-biased barriers in open source software (OSS) projects. However, this research has focused mainly on social/cultural factors, neglecting the software tools and infrastructure. To shed light on how OSS tools and infrastructure might factor into OSS barriers to entry, we conducted two studies: (1) a field study with five teams of software professionals, who worked through five use cases to analyze the tools and infrastructure used in their OSS projects; and (2) a diary study with 22 newcomers (9 women and 13 men) to investigate whether the barriers matched the ones identified by the software professionals. The field study produced a bleak result: software professionals found gender biases in 73 percent of all the newcomer barriers they identified. Further, the diary study confirmed these results: Women newcomers encountered gender biases in 63 percent of barriers they faced. Fortunately, many kinds of barriers and biases revealed in these studies could potentially be ameliorated through changes to the OSS software environments and tools.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Padala, Hema Susmita and Mendez, Christopher and Fronchetti, Felipe and Steinmacher, Igor and Steine-Hanson, Zoe and Hilderbrand, Claudia and Horvath, Amber and Hill, Charles and Simpson, Logan and Burnett, Margaret and Gerosa, Marco and Sarma, Anita},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Infrastructure, newcomers, gender, Productivity, software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Tools, diversity, Documentation, Open source software (OSS), Cultural differences, Computers--Software, Software development tools, Gender, Diary studies, Field study, Human bias, Men, Problem-solving, Sexism},
	pages = {241--259},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-14},
}

@article{barcomb_managing_2022,
	title = {Managing {Episodic} {Volunteers} in {Free}/{Libre}/{Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/managing-episodic-volunteers-free-libre-open/docview/2619023652/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2020.2985093},
	abstract = {We draw on the concept of episodic volunteering (EV) from the general volunteering literature to identify practices for managing EV in free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) communities. Infrequent but ongoing participation is widespread, but the practices that community managers are using to manage EV, and their concerns about EV, have not been previously documented. We conducted a policy Delphi study involving 24 FLOSS community managers from 22 different communities. Our panel identified 16 concerns related to managing EV in FLOSS, which we ranked by prevalence. We also describe 65 practices for managing EV in FLOSS. Almost three-quarters of these practices are used by at least three community managers. We report these practices using a systematic presentation that includes context, relationships between practices, and concerns that they address. These findings provide a coherent framework that can help FLOSS community managers to better manage episodic contributors.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Barcomb, Ann and {Klaas-Jan Stol} and Fitzgerald, Brian and Riehle, Dirk},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, Open source, free software, open source software, Software, Systematics, Open-source software, Community management, Sustainable development, community management, Computer bugs, Object recognition, Best practices, Public domain, Freeware, Computers--Software, Lenses, Community participation, episodic volunteering, Freemasonry, Volunteering},
	pages = {260--277},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{lundell_effective_2022,
	title = {Effective {Strategies} for {Using} {Open} {Source} {Software} and {Open} {Standards} in {Organizational} {Contexts}: {Experiences} {From} the {Primary} and {Secondary} {Software} {Sectors}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effective-strategies-using-open-source-software/docview/2613366413/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2021.3059036},
	abstract = {Many companies seek to engage with open source software (OSS) projects. Based on insights and experience from practice, we present seven strategies for organizations to leverage long-term involvement with OSS projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Lundell, Bjorn and Butler, Simon and Fischer, Thomas and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Brax, Christoffer and Feist, Jonas and Gustavsson, Tomas and Katz, Andrew and Kvarnstrom, Bengt and Lonroth, Erik and Mattsson, Anders},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Advantages, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Strategy, Software systems, Planning, Interoperability, Public domain, Computers--Software, Open standard},
	pages = {84--92},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{tan_scaling_2022,
	title = {Scaling {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}: {Challenges} and {Practices} of {Decentralization}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/scaling-open-source-software-communities/docview/2613366224/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2020.3025959},
	abstract = {To satisfy the growing needs of modern society, open source software is becoming increasingly large and complex, with a large number of code patches continually flowing in. For smooth scaling up, we explore the challenges and best practices of decentralization.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Tan, Xin and Zhou, Minghui},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Advantages, Collaboration, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Decentralization, Software development, Codes, Best practices, Public domain, Computers--Software, Best practice},
	pages = {70--75},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{wang_how_2022,
	title = {How {Do} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Contributors} {Perceive} and {Address} {Usability}?: {Valued} {Factors}, {Practices}, and {Challenges}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-do-open-source-software-contributors-perceive/docview/2613366087/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2020.3009514},
	abstract = {Given the recent changes in the open source software (OSS) landscape, we examined OSS contributors’ current valued factors, practices, and challenges concerning usability. Our survey provides insights for OSS practitioners and tool designers to promote a user-centric mindset and improve usability practice in OSS communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Wang, Wenting and Cheng, Jinghui and Guo, Jin LC},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Guidelines, Software, Open-source software, Usability, Public domain, Computers--Software, Challenge, Graphical user interfaces, Practice},
	pages = {76--83},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2022},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-24},
}

@article{standlee_alecea_free_2021,
	title = {Free {Software}, the {Internet}, and {Global} {Communities} of {Resistance}: {Hacking} the {Global}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {00943061},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-software-internet-global-communities/docview/2568263056/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/00943061211036051y},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Contemporary Sociology},
	author = {{Standlee Alecea}},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: Sage Publications Ltd.},
	keywords = {Resistance, Software, Sociology--Abstracting, Bibliographies, Statistics},
	pages = {438--440},
	annote = {Copyright - © American Sociological Association 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-06-07},
}

@article{ahmad_critical_2021,
	title = {A {Critical} {Review} of {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {Freedom} or {Benefit} {Libertarian} {View} {Versus} {Corporate} {View}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {15209202},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/critical-review-open-source-software-development/docview/2483258936/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MITP.2020.3014450},
	abstract = {This is a critical literature review of the open-source software landscape and what purpose it aims to serve by accelerating a debate in the field of IS about what open source means and how it has transformed the social and economic landscape of the software industry. As the general population has developed an increased dependence on information technology, the necessity for quality software offerings has also increased. This article attempts to present, interpret, and compare the two contrasting theories of the open-source landscape—the libertarian view versus the corporate view. Subsequently, it aims to delve into the battle of these two conflicting theories and what their interpretations present from the perspective of socially embedded lens—freedom or benefit (profit). This article will examine the differing opinions and dichotomy of the scholars from multiple angles and if the juxtaposition of these two theories creates the holistic view of the landscape.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IT Professional Magazine},
	author = {Ahmad, Rizwan},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Open source, Software, Analytical models, Open-source software, Software reliability, Business, Statistics, Social networking (online), Software development, Freedom, Software industry, Engineering, Literature reviews, Benefit},
	pages = {16--26},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2021},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{tang_more_2020,
	title = {More {Is} {Not} {Necessarily} {Better}: {An} {Absorptive} {Capacity} {Perspective} on {Network} {Effects} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development} {Communities}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/more-is-not-necessarily-better-absorptive/docview/2472175612/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.25300/MISQ/2020/13991},
	abstract = {Previous research has predominantly taken a social network perspective suggesting that building more network connections or becoming deeply embedded in a network provides a better position to access network knowledge in open source software communities.This perspective implicitly assumes that accessed network knowledge automatically gets absorbed and transferred to projects, so that building more and deeper network connections is beneficial: Drawing from an absorptive capacity perspective, this research challenges such conventional wisdom, arguing instead that the benefits depend on a project's absorptive capacity. Network connections provide access to external knowledge in the community; the absorption and transfer of this new knowledge require appropriate internal knowledge and developer roles. With longitudinal data collected from 4,518 open source software development projects hosted at SourceForge, the authors show that knowledge breadth (depth) helps with the absorption of external knowledge achieved from network depth (breadth), but it inhibits the absorption of external knowledge obtained from network breadth (depth). Further, developer roles (e.g., bridge members, role diversity) can mitigate the negative consequences of suboptimal combinations and facilitate effective transfers of absorbed external knowledge across and within projects. These findings provide important theoretical and managerial implications for managing network connections, knowledge, and developer roles in open source software communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Tang, Tanya (Ya) and Fang, Eric( Er) and Qualls, William J},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Open source, Knowledge, Knowledge management, Social networks, Software development, Public domain, Network effect, Absorption, Absorptive capacity, Absorptivity, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge community},
	pages = {1651},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Dec 2020},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-17},
}

@article{boehmke_data_2020,
	title = {A data science and open source software approach to analytics for strategic sourcing: {SSIS}},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/data-science-open-source-software-approach/docview/2505725296/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102167},
	abstract = {Data science has emerged as a significant capability upon which firms compete. Although many data scientists and the high-performing companies that employ them seem to have developed robust methods to employ data sciences practices to achieve competitive advantages, there have been few attempts at defining and explaining how and why data science helps firms to achieve desired outcomes. In this paper, we describe how data science, which combines computer programming, domain knowledge, and analytic skillsets to scientifically extract insights from data, can be used to help meet the growing demand of analytic needs across an organization's value chain. This is done through the illustration of an applied data science initiative to a strategic sourcing problem via the use of open-source technology. In doing so, we contribute to the growing data science literature by demonstrating the application of unique data science capabilities. Moreover, the paper provides a tutorial on how to use a specific R package along with an actual case in which that package use used.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Boehmke, Brad and Hazen, Benjamin and Boone, Christopher A and Robinson, Jessica L},
	month = oct,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Science, Open source software, Open-source software, Data science, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Competitive advantage, Mathematical analysis, Computer programming, Skills, Analytics, R package, Sourcing, Strategic sourcing},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2020},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-17},
}

@article{dellera_value_2020,
	title = {Value capture in open innovation processes with radical circles: {A} qualitative analysis of firms' collaborations with {Slow} {Food}, {Memphis}, and {Free} {Software} {Foundation}},
	volume = {158},
	issn = {00401625},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/value-capture-open-innovation-processes-with/docview/2456877123/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120128},
	abstract = {Despite the wealth of research on open innovation, the mechanisms that enable capturing value through adopting an open innovation approach remain largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on open innovation processes among firms and radical circles and shed light on the related value capture mechanisms. We rely on a detailed qualitative case analysis of collaborations between firms and three radical circles (i.e., Slow Food, Memphis, and the Free Software Foundation). Our case studies highlight that the firms captured value from collaborating with these radical circles through developing internal assets (reputational, organizational, intellectual and human, and technological) and new business models. Starting from these insights, the study offers several contributions to open innovation research as well as interesting avenues for future inquiry into this topic.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
	author = {Dell'Era, Claudio and Di Minin, Alberto and Ferrigno, Giulio and Frattini, Federico and Landoni, Paolo and Verganti, Roberto},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Sociology, Innovation, Qualitative research, Collaboration, Software, Companies, Case studies, Business, Innovations, Open innovation, Qualitative analysis, Value capture, Food, Memphis, Slow Food},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Sep 2020},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-12-05},
	annote = {Name - Free Software Foundation},
}

@article{setia_takeoff_2020,
	title = {The {Takeoff} of {Open} {Source} {Software}: {A} {Signaling} {Perspective} {Based} on {Community} {Activities}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/takeoff-open-source-software-signaling/docview/2447305472/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.25300/MISQ/2020/12576},
	abstract = {A few open source software (OSS) products exhibit an abrupt and significant increase in downloads. However, the majority of OSS products fail to gain much interest. Identifying early success is important for catalyzing growth in OSS markets. However, previous OSS research has not examined early product success dynamics and assumes adoption to be a continuous process. We propose OSS takeoff in adoptions as a measure of eventual product success. Takeoff is a nonlinear inflection point separating the early development from the growth phase in the product lifecycle. Using arguments from the signaling literature, we propose that community activities send signals about product quality and reduce information asymmetry faced by potential adopters of OSS products. Estimating a Cox proportional hazard model using a large sample of OSS products from SourceForge, we find that takeoff times are significantly associated with signals of quality deficiency and improvement. Further, we find that target audience and product innovativeness moderate this relationship.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Setia, Pankaj and Bayus, Barry L and Rajagopalan, Balaji},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Signaling, Success, Technology adoption, Public domain, Statistical models, Economic value added, Information asymmetry, Product life cycle, Signal, Signal quality, Takeoff},
	pages = {1439},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Sep 2020},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-29},
}

@article{moon_large-scale_2020,
	title = {Large-scale refactoring challenges and coordination in open source software development},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1751-3227},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/large-scale-refactoring-challenges-coordination/docview/2453844031/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1504/IJISAM.2020.110552},
	abstract = {Increasingly complicated software makes it difficult to attract or maintain open source software (OSS) contributors. Faced with such challenges of increasingly complicated software design, large-scale refactoring that radically restructures the architecture of the software can be one of the solutions. In this study, we investigate and illustrate how OSS contributors accomplish large-scale refactoring in OSS development in which there is no significant corporate participation. In our observations, as the costs of coordination requirements rise, OSS contributors increase coordination capability to manage dependencies among multiple sources during the large-scale refactoring periods. Our findings suggest that OSS contributors episodically use traditional coordination mechanisms during the large-scale refactoring periods. Our study provides actionable insights into how OSS contributors make joint action that cannot be achieved by individuals working independently and use the provision of rewards in order to achieve a shared, explicit goal of large-scale refactoring.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Systems and Management},
	author = {Moon, Eunyoung and Howison, James},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: Geneva
Publisher: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, online communities, open source, Open source, coordination, Open-source software, Coordination, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Software development, Public domain, Code refactoring, collaborative work, Reward, software refactoring},
	pages = {150--184},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{barcomb_uncovering_2020,
	title = {Uncovering the {Periphery}: {A} {Qualitative} {Survey} of {Episodic} {Volunteering} in {Free}/{Libre} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {00985589},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/uncovering-periphery-qualitative-survey-episodic/docview/2444610198/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2018.2872713},
	abstract = {Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities are composed, in part, of volunteers, many of whom contribute infrequently. However, these infrequent volunteers contribute to the sustainability of FLOSS projects, and should ideally be encouraged to continue participating, even if they cannot be persuaded to contribute regularly. Infrequent contributions are part of a trend which has been widely observed in other sectors of volunteering, where it has been termed “episodic volunteering” (EV). Previous FLOSS research has focused on the Onion model, differentiating core and peripheral developers, with the latter considered as a homogeneous group. We argue this is too simplistic, given the size of the periphery group and the myriad of valuable activities they perform beyond coding. Our exploratory qualitative survey of 13 FLOSS communities investigated what episodic volunteering looks like in a FLOSS context. EV is widespread in FLOSS communities, although not specifically managed. We suggest several recommendations for managing EV based on a framework drawn from the volunteering literature. Also, episodic volunteers make a wide range of value-added contributions other than code, and they should neither be expected nor coerced into becoming habitual volunteers.},
	language = {English},
	number = {9},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	author = {Barcomb, Ann and Kaufmann, Andreas and Riehle, Dirk and {Klaas-Jan Stol} and Fitzgerald, Brian},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Qualitative research, free software, open source software, Software, Open-source software, Task analysis, Volunteers, Community management, Companies, Sustainable development, Public domain, Freeware, Computers--Software, Lenses, Free and open-source software, episodic volunteering, Volunteering, peripheral developer, Periphery},
	pages = {962--980},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2020},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-18},
}

@article{jiang_followership_2019,
	title = {Followership in an {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Project} and its {Significance} in {Code} {Reuse}},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/followership-open-source-software-project/docview/2319173778/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.25300/MISQ/2019/14043},
	abstract = {Code reuse is fundamental to the development of open-source software (OSS). Therefore, understanding how and why it occurs is important. To date, researchers have examined code reuse in OSS largely from the perspective of leaders. We show why followers must be considered as well. "Followers" are people who have had previous contacts with an individual from another project and who continue to associate with him or her. We consider two types of followers: developers (those directly involved in software development) and observers (those indirectly involved in it). We conduct a series of empirical investigations by using a longitudinal dataset of OSS projects hosted in GitHub, along with a survey and qualitative data. We find that followership can affect code reuse, but the effect depends on the nature of the follower (developer or observer). Overall, our study suggests that followership is important for code reuse in OSS because it enables participants to learn, and learning promotes code reuse.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Jiang, Qiqi and Tan, Chuan-Hoo and Sia, Choon Ling and Wei, Kwok Kee},
	month = dec,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Software development, Public domain, Software project management, Software upgrading, Source code, Code reuse, Qualitative analysis, Computer programming, Datasets, Followership},
	pages = {1303},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Dec 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-23},
}

@article{rashid_systematic_2019,
	title = {A systematic examination of knowledge loss in open source software projects: {SSIS}},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/systematic-examination-knowledge-loss-open-source/docview/2221225951/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.015},
	abstract = {Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity. Objective: The objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects. Methodology: We use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure. Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics. Result: Knowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects. Conclusion: In this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Rashid, Mehvish and Clarke, Paul M and O’Connor, Rory V},
	month = jun,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Strategy, Knowledge management, Methodology, Project management, Software development, Software quality, Systematic review, Public domain, Software Projects, Investigations, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Literature reviews, Geographical distribution, Search methods, Snowballing},
	pages = {104},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
}

@article{nagle_open_2019,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} and {Firm} {Productivity}},
	volume = {65},
	issn = {00251909},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-firm-productivity/docview/2198542297/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2017.2977},
	abstract = {As open source software (OSS) is increasingly used as a key input by firms, understanding its impact on productivity becomes critical. This study measures the firm-level productivity impact of nonpecuniary (free) OSS and finds a positive and significant value-added return for firms that have an ecosystem of complementary capabilities. There is no such impact for firms without this ecosystem of complements. Dynamic panel analysis, instrumental variables, and a variety of robustness checks are used to address measurement error concerns and to add support for a more causal interpretation of the results. For firms with an ecosystem of complements, a 1\% increase in the use of nonpecuniary OSS leads to an increase in value-added productivity of between 0.002\% and 0.008\%. This effect is smaller for larger firms, and the results indicate that prior research underestimates the amount of IT firms use.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Management Science},
	author = {Nagle, Frank},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Productivity, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Measurement, Companies, Financial performance, Robustness, Public domain, Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations, Economic value added, Instrumental variables estimation},
	pages = {1191},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Mar 2019},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-09-09},
}

@article{pachauri_reliability_2019,
	title = {Reliability analysis of open source software systems considering the effect of previously released version},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {1206212X},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/reliability-analysis-open-source-software-systems/docview/2544345120/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/1206212X.2018.1497575},
	abstract = {In this study, reliability analysis of open source software in an imperfect debugging environment has been discussed by considering the effect of detection rate and the remaining faults in successive releases. First, a modified non-homogeneous Poisson process model is developed in an imperfect debugging environment by assuming that new faults may be introduced in fault detection and correction process. Then, the detection rate and remaining faults of previous release are considered in the modeling and analysis of reliability of the current release. The optimal version-update time is computed using multi-attribute utility theory for these software systems, considering the two main utility factors, namely, rapid release strategy and level of reliability. The proposed models are verified on real data sets and are compared with other existing models. The proposed decision models may be helpful for the software developing management to decide the optimal version update time for open source software.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {International Journal of Computers \& Applications},
	author = {Pachauri, Bhoopendra and Kumar, Ajay and Dhar, Joydip},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Calgary
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, open source software, Software, Open-source software, Fault detection, Public domain, Software upgrading, Software system, Debugging, Reliability analysis, Computers--Machine Theory, imperfect debugging, multi-attribute utility theory, multiple-release, Reliability aspects, Software reliability growth model, Utility theory},
	pages = {31--38},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-26},
}

@article{swarts_open-source_2019,
	title = {Open-{Source} {Software} in the {Sciences}: {The} {Challenge} of {User} {Support}: {JBTC}},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {10506519},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-sciences-challenge-user/docview/2136325522/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/1050651918780202},
	abstract = {This study examines user support issues concerning open-source software in computational sciences. The literature suggests that there are three main problem areas: transparency, learnability, and usability. Looking at questions asked in user communities for chemistry software projects, the author found that for software supported by feature-based documentation, problems of transparency and learnability are prominent, leading users to have difficulty reconciling disciplinary practices and values with software operations. For software supported by task-based documentation, usability problems were more prominent. The author considers the implications of this study for user support and the role that technical communication could play in developing and supporting open-source projects.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Business and Technical Communication},
	author = {Swarts, Jason},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Open source software, open source, Business And Economics, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Transparency, Usability, Public domain, Software Projects, User services, empirical qualitative research, Learnability, manual writing/instructions, science writing, user support},
	pages = {60--90},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author(s) 2018},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-26},
}

@article{daniel_impact_2018,
	title = {The {Impact} of {Ideology} {Misfit} on {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities} and {Companies}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-ideology-misfit-on-open-source-software/docview/2136026232/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Corporate involvement in open source software (OSS) communities has increased substantially in recent years. Often this takes the form of company employees devoting their time to contribute code to the efforts of projects in these communities. Ideology has traditionally served to motivate, coordinate, and guide volunteer contributions to OSS communities. As employees represent an increasing proportion of the participants in OSS communities, the role of OSS ideology in guiding their commitment and code contributions is unknown. In this research, we argue that OSS ideology misfit has important implications for companies and the OSS communities to which their employees contribute, since their engagement in such communities is not necessarily voluntary. We conceptualize two different types of misfit: OSS ideology under-fit, whereby an employee embraces an OSS ideology more than their coworkers or OSS community do, and OSS ideology over-fit, whereby an employee perceives that their coworkers or OSS community embrace the OSS ideology more strongly than the employee does. To develop a set of hypotheses about the implications of these two types of misfit for employee commitment to the company and commitment to the OSS community, we draw on self-determination theory. We test the hypotheses in a field study of 186 employees who participate in an OSS community. We find that OSS ideology under-fit impacts the company and the community in the same way: it decreases employee commitment to the company and commitment to the OSS community. In contrast, we find that OSS ideology over-fit increases commitment to the company but decreases commitment to the OSS community. Finally, we find that employees’ commitment to their company reinforces the impact of their commitment to the OSS community in driving ongoing code contributions. This provides a holistic view of OSS ideology and its impacts among an increasingly pervasive yet understudied type of participant in OSS research. It provides insights for companies that are considering assigning their employees to work in OSS communities as well as for OSS communities that are partnering with these companies.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Daniel, Sherae L and Maruping, Likoebe M and Cataldo, Marcelo and Herbsleb, Jin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Open source, Hypotheses, Software, Open-source software, Commitment, Impact analysis, Public domain, Employees, Software services, Community participation, Ideology, Self-determination},
	pages = {1069},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Dec 2018},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{silic_open_2017,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} {Adoption}: {Lessons} from {Linux} in {Munich}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {15209202},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-adoption-lessons-linux/docview/2174462440/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1109/MITP.2017.7},
	abstract = {It took 10 years for the city of Munich to migrate 15,000 PCs from Windows to the Linux operating system. Was it worth it? This article focuses on how to effectively cope with open source software (OSS) adoption in an organizational context. Based on the Linux in Munich case, the authors present challenges and risks for IT decision makers and propose recommendations for evaluating and calculating the risks of OSS adoption.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IT Professional Magazine},
	author = {Silic, Mario and Back, Andrea},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Organizations, open source, Open source, software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Context, Security, Application security, Urban areas, Interoperability, Public domain, Engineering, Organizational aspects, CIO, risks, Windows (computer programs)},
	pages = {42--47},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society 2017},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{chen_managing_2017,
	title = {Managing knowledge sharing in distributed innovation from the perspective of developers: empirical study of open source software projects in {China}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {09537325},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/managing-knowledge-sharing-distributed-innovation/docview/2015856135/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/09537325.2016.1194387},
	abstract = {Knowledge sharing is the key factor that influences the performance of open source software (OSS) projects, which are the representative cases of distributed innovation. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of knowledge sharing in OSS projects from the perspective of developers in China. A quantitative method with the analysis of 403 valid questionnaires is adopted. A series of hypotheses about how distributed innovation (independent variables) influences knowledge sharing (mediating variable) and then affects the performance of OSS projects (dependent variable) are tested and approved. On the one side, we argue that developers will actively affect knowledge sharing in terms of participative motivation, social network and organisational culture. On the other hand, users may also affect the knowledge sharing when considering innovation willingness and capacity. It is interesting to find that social network is the most important factor in Chinese cases. It is strongly recommended to strengthen the collaboration between software companies and OSS communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Technology Analysis \& Strategic Management},
	author = {Chen, Xiaohong and Zhou, Yuan and Probert, David and Su, Jun},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, China, Questionnaires, Open-source software, knowledge sharing, Knowledge management, Knowledge sharing, Social networks, Public domain, Software industry, Software Projects, Developer, Innovations, Dependent variables, Independent variables, Open innovation, Empirical analysis, Technology: Comprehensive Works, user innovation, Quantitative analysis, Approved projects, Distributed innovation, performance of OSS projects, Social motivation},
	pages = {1--22},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-07},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China},
}

@article{silic_open_2017-1,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} {Adoption}: {Lessons} from {Linux} in {Munich}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {15209202},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-adoption-lessons-linux/docview/1866025602/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {It took 10 years for the city of Munich to migrate 15,000 PCs from Windows to the Linux operating system. Was it worth it? This article focuses on how to effectively cope with open source software (OSS) adoption in an organizational context. Based on the Linux in Munich case, the authors present challenges and risks for IT decision makers and propose recommendations for evaluating and calculating the risks of OSS adoption.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {IT Professional Magazine},
	author = {Silic, Mario and Back, Andrea},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: Washington
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information technology, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Linux, Technology adoption, Application security, Public domain, Engineering, Decision analysis, Risk assessment, Germany, Munich Germany},
	pages = {42},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society Jan-Feb 2017},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Munich Germany; Germany},
}

@article{cai_reputation_2016,
	title = {Reputation in an open source software community: {Antecedents} and impacts},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {01679236},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/reputation-open-source-software-community/docview/1832953961/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {A developer's reputation in the OSS community is determined by all the evaluations received from his or her peers. While a large body of studies focuses on the importance of developers' reputations in their participation motivations, there is still lack of understanding for two issues. First, which factors can lead to a high developer's reputation? Second, how does the overall reputation of the developers' in a project impact project success? In this study, we develop a theoretical model and conduct an empirical analysis in a large online open source community. The results show that a developer's reputation level is determined by his or her 1) coding quality, 2) the deviation of the commitment behavior, 3) community experience, and 4) collaboration experience. In addition, we find that the group with an overall higher level of reputation would achieve a better performance, while the individual reputation level deviation within the group would impair its technical success. The implications of our findings and the future research directions are then discussed.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Decision Support Systems},
	author = {Cai, Yuanfeng and Zhu, Dan},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Project management, Software quality, Codes, Computers--Automation, Reputations, Reputation, Commitments},
	pages = {103},
	annote = {CODEN - DSSYDK},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Nov 2016},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{mora_madm_2016,
	title = {An {MADM} risk-based evaluation-selection model of free-libre open source software tools},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {14684322},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/madm-risk-based-evaluation-selection-model-free/docview/1861798477/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Free-libre Open-source software (FLOSS) tools are free-cost licence highly attractive to be implemented by organisations. However, not of all the FLOSS tools are mature, and failed implementations can occur. Thus, FLOSS evaluation-selection frameworks and FLOSS success-failure implementation factors studies have been conducted. In this research, we advance on such studies through an integrated FLOSS evaluation-selection model with a risk-based decision-making approach. Our model was built upon the other two literatures, and it was structured as a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model which contains 12 variables grouped in four risk categories: financial, organisational, end user, and technical ones. We illustrated its utilisation in the domain of information technology service management (ITSM) FLOSS tools. Hence, our model contributes to the FLOSS literature with the inclusion of the risk management approach and to the FLOSS evaluation-selection praxis with the provision of an innovative and essential risk-based model.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International Journal of Technology Policy and Management},
	author = {Mora, Manuel and Gómez, Jorge Marx and O'Connor, Rory V and Gelman, Ovsei},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Geneva
Publisher: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Decision making, Information technology, Studies, Open source, Software, Risk management, Programming tool, Technology: Comprehensive Works, Decision making models, IT service management, Multiple criteria decision making},
	pages = {326},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 2016},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{wen_opening_2016,
	title = {Opening {Up} {Intellectual} {Property} {Strategy}: {Implications} for {Open} {Source} {Software} {Entry} by {Start}-up {Firms}},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {00251909},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/opening-up-intellectual-property-strategy/docview/2677663077/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2015.2247},
	abstract = {We examine whether a firm's intellectual property (IP) strategy in support of the open source software (OSS) community stimulates new OSS product entry by start-up software firms. In particular, we analyze the impact of strategic decisions taken by IBM around the mid-2000s, such as its announcement that it will not assert its patents against the OSS community and its creation of a patent commons. These decisions formed a coherent IP strategy in support of OSS. We find that IBM's actions stimulated new OSS product introductions by entrepreneurial firms and that their impact is increasing in the cumulativeness of innovation in the market and the extent to which patent ownership in the market is concentrated.},
	language = {English},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Management Science},
	author = {Wen, Wen and Ceccagnoli, Marco and Forman, Chris},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Open source, Open-source software, Ownership, Patents, Companies, Intellectual property, Strategic planning, Innovations, Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations, Startups, Patent, Company, Patent law},
	pages = {2668},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Sep 2016},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-29},
}

@article{anderson_nicolai_2016,
	title = {Nicolai {J}. {Foss} and {Tina} {Saebi}, eds.: {Business} {Model} {Innovation}: {The} {Organizational} {Dimension}},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {00018392},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/nicolai-j-foss-tina-saebi-eds-business-model/docview/1876655309/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/0001839216629108},
	abstract = {Foss, Nicolai J.; Saebi, Tina , eds.: Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 308 pp. \$99.00, cloth.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly},
	author = {Anderson, Philip},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Sociology, Innovation, Business model, Organization, Models, Business models, Innovations, Service introduction},
	pages = {NP17--NP19},
	annote = {Copyright - © The Author(s) 2016},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-03-20},
}

@article{bhatt_social_2016,
	title = {Social innovation with open source software: {User} engagement and development challenges in {India}},
	volume = {52/53},
	issn = {01664972},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/social-innovation-with-open-source-software-user/docview/1798370797/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {A diverse range of innovative solutions based on Free-and-Open-Source Software (FOSS) have been developed for marginalized communities in developing countries. It has been suggested that such small-scale and home-grown solutions (e.g. mobile phone apps), usually championed by social enterprises (SEs), are more likely to introduce pro-poor change than infrastructure heavy ICr initiatives designed by state and other international actors. In the Indian context, FOSS-based social innovations (Sis) introduced by SEs are helping poor communities tackle previously thought-to-be unresolvable socio-economic problems. An interesting question, therefore, would be: in what ways is the SE model and approach uniquely equipped to develop FOSS-based Sis that deliver pro-poor change? The empirical component of the research attempts to shed light on this question by uncovering the nuts and bolts of the development methodology deployed by an SE during the coding and launch of an FOSS-based SI. Findings highlight the significant role of the founder's social vision; the challenges of accurately capturing and translating to software developers the nature and nuance of social problems; and, the incumbent issues in putting together a methodology that creates active user engagement throughout the software development process, overcoming difficult barriers such as language and culture.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Technovation},
	author = {Bhatt, Punita and Ahmad, Ali J and Roomi, Muhammad Azam},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, India, Studies, User behavior, Open source, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 9179:Asia \& the Pacific, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Innovations, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 1220:Social trends \& culture, 7100:Market research, Software services, Developing country, Social innovation, Customer engagement, Social change, Social enterprise},
	pages = {28},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jun/Jul 2016},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - India},
}

@article{kendall_game_2016,
	title = {Game theory and open source contribution: {Rationale} behind corporate participation in open source software development},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {10919392},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/game-theory-open-source-contribution-rationale/docview/1830348270/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/10919392.2016.1228360},
	abstract = {The rising participation of for-profit corporations in the development of open source software raises the question of why corporations are motivated toward this engagement. The increased participation is an observable phenomenon; many researchers and practitioners assume that the practice of community sharing does not improve the bottom line, but rather believe the practice is altruistic in nature. Our intuition is that participation offers tangible and intangible benefits to corporate participants. We show this by exploring a variety of models in game theory and use game theory as a methodological lens to explain the rationality of corporate participation in open source software development. Since game theory has evolved to include rational- and emotional-based reasons, we explore such lenses as cooperative games, metagames, coopetition, and Drama Theory. Our research question, "Why do for-profit corporations participate in the development of open source software?" was broad enough to adopt several useful perspectives to understand our data. One useful lens was game theory. In this article, we examine interview responses and field study data from corporate members of open source communities to determine how they justify devoting time and effort to community engagement. Our study makes a contribution to open source software literature by revealing that numerous rational and emotional reasons exist for corporate participation in open source software development.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce},
	author = {Kendall, Julie E. and Kendall, Kenneth E. and Germonprez, Matt},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Place: Mahwah
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, open source software, Participation, Software, Open-source software, Game theory, open source communities, Software development, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Freeware, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 2600:Management science/operations research, Business And Economics--Computer Applications, Cooperative game, Coopetition, Drama Theory, game theory},
	pages = {323--343},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2016 Taylor \& Francis},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-28},
}

@article{wang_comparative_2015,
	title = {Comparative case studies of open source software peer review practices},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/comparative-case-studies-open-source-software/docview/1716946603/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper investigates differences of peer review practices across different open source software communities, especially the ones engage distinct types of users, in order to offer contextualized guidance for developing open source software projects. The two communities differ in the key activities of peer review processes, including different characteristics with respect to bug reporting, design decision making, to patch development and review. The results highlight the emerging role of triagers, who bridge the core and peripheral contributors and facilitate the peer review process. It is concluded that contextualized designs of social and technological solutions to open source software peer review practices are important. The two cases can serve as learning resources for open source software projects, or other types of large software projects in general, to cope with challenges of leveraging enormous contributions and coordinating core developers.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Wang, Jing and Shih, Patrick C and Wu, Yu and Carroll, John M},
	month = nov,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Peer review, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Software Projects, Developer, Computers--Data Base Management},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Nov 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{yetis-larsson_networked_2015,
	title = {Networked {Entrepreneurs}: {How} {Entrepreneurs} {Leverage} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}: {PROD}},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {00027642},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/networked-entrepreneurs-how-leverage-open-source/docview/1664480239/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/0002764214556809},
	abstract = {In the contemporary economy, work is increasingly becoming freelance-based while moving online. Open source software communities are rapidly becoming arenas in which individuals identify, cocreate, and realize opportunities through shared resources and expertise. Operating in a communal setting, these individuals, who we label open entrepreneurs, work and collaborate with members of their own open source community. In this article, we investigate how networked work benefits open entrepreneurs, and in particular, we focus on how open entrepreneurs are connected to other community members and how these networks affect entrepreneurial processes. Our results suggest that through different aspects of networked work, open entrepreneurs fulfill their profit motives not only in the short term but also in the long term as their networking activities facilitate the overall functioning and sustainability of the community.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {The American Behavioral Scientist},
	author = {Yetis-Larsson, Zeynep and Teigland, Robin and Dovbysh, Olga},
	month = apr,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Studies, Copyright, Software, Psychology, Entrepreneurship, Internet, Social networks, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Open innovation, Entrepreneurs, Property, Auditoriums, Freelance, Shared resource},
	pages = {475},
	annote = {CODEN - ABHSAU},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. Apr 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{kapitsaki_insight_2015,
	title = {An insight into license tools for open source software systems},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/insight-into-license-tools-open-source-software/docview/1657607494/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) has gained a lot of attention lately allowing organizations to incorporate third party source code into their implementations. When open source software libraries are used, software resources may be linked directly or indirectly with multiple open source licenses giving rise to potential license incompatibilities. Adequate support in license use is vital in order to avoid such violations and address how diverse licenses should be handled. In the current work we investigate software licensing giving a critical and comparative overview of existing assistive approaches and tools. These approaches are centered on three main categories: license information identification from source code and binaries, software metadata stored in code repositories, and license modeling and associated reasoning actions. We also give a formalization of the license compatibility problem and demonstrate the role of existing approaches in license use decisions.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Kapitsaki, Georgia M and Tselikas, Nikolaos D and Foukarakis, Ioannis E},
	month = apr,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information systems, Studies, Open source, Software license, Software, Open-source software, Licenses, Metadata, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Software, Software system},
	pages = {72},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Apr 2015},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{reisinger_crowding-complementary_2014,
	title = {Crowding-in of complementary contributions to public goods: {Firm} investment into open source software},
	volume = {106},
	issn = {01672681},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/crowding-complementary-contributions-public-goods/docview/1564769028/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2014.06.005},
	abstract = {We present a fairly general model in which firms are competitors in a commercial market segment and can invest into a complementary public good like open source software. We show that, contrary to standard predictions, additional contribution to the public good by the government or a new market entrant can lead to higher investments of all incumbent firms, that is, a crowding-in effect. This result occurs if the investment cost function is superadditive. We find that government contribution leads to larger crowding-in effects than subsidizing market entry if the price elasticity of demand with respect to the private good is large relative to the one with respect to the public good. Our results are robust to extensions in the timing and the mode of competition.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization},
	author = {Reisinger, Markus and Ressner, Ludwig and Schmidtke, Richard and Thomes, Tim Paul},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics, Open-source software, Competition, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 1130:Economic theory, Public good, Market entry, Elasticity of demand, Market entry strategy, Price elasticity},
	pages = {78},
	annote = {CODEN - JEBOD9},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Oct 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{sutanto_uncovering_2014,
	title = {Uncovering the relationship between {OSS} user support networks and {OSS} popularity},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {01679236},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/uncovering-relationship-between-oss-user-support/docview/1558315974/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The open source model of software development has become an attractive alternative to the traditional proprietary approach. However, the incomplete understanding of the phenomenon has continued to prompt researchers to investigate factors that could increase the use and popularity of open source software (OSS). While a key antecedent for OSS use highlighted in the previous literature is the software quality, we propose that effective online user support is also necessary to increase its popularity. As an understudied area, this paper seeks to understand the role of online user support networks in facilitating OSS use. Based on the network embeddedness theory, it suggests that properties of the user support network i.e., variation in structural and junctional embeddedness, measured as the in-degree and betweenness centralizations respectively, would affect OSS popularity in terms of the number of active users and downloads of the software. Testing on a sample of 176 OSS projects from Sourceforge.net, we showed that a negative quadratic relationship exists between the variation in structural embeddedness of the OSS user support network and the software popularity. Further, as hypothesized, the variation in junctional embeddedness was found to positively impact the OSS popularity. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Decision Support Systems},
	author = {Sutanto, Juliana and Kankanhalli, Atreyi and Tan, Bernard CY},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open-source software, Social networks, Software quality, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Computers--Automation, User services, Mathematical models, Proprietary},
	pages = {142},
	annote = {CODEN - DSSYDK},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Aug 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{wang_microblogging_2014,
	title = {Microblogging in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development}: {The} {Case} of {Drupal} and {Twitter}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/microblogging-open-source-software-development/docview/1539581652/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Microblogging is a popular form of social media that has quickly permeated both enterprise and open source communities. However, exactly how open source communities can leverage microblogging isn't yet well understood. The authors investigate how Drupal's open source community uses Twitter, a household name in microblogging. Their analysis of group and individual accounts of Drupal developers reveals that they take on similar but distinct roles. Both serve as communicators of essential links to a vast and growing community knowledge base, such as work artifacts, issues, documentation, and blog posts, but community members often express positive emotions when tweeting about work, which reinforces a sense of community.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Wang, Xiaofeng and Kuzmickaja, Ilona and Stol, Klaas-Jan and Abrahamsson, Pekka and Fitzgerald, Brian},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Studies, Open source, Blogs, Software engineering, Social media, Drupal, Twitter, Social networks, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Computers--Software, Programmers, 8331:Internet services industry, Microblogging},
	pages = {72},
	annote = {CODEN - IESOEG},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society Jul-Aug 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-30},
	annote = {Name - Drupal; X Corp (twitter)},
}

@article{colombo_open_2014,
	title = {Open innovation and within-industry diversification in small and medium enterprises: {The} case of open source software firms},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-innovation-within-industry-diversification/docview/1522962480/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs' top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Colombo, Massimo G and Piva, Evila and Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina},
	month = jun,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Econometrics, Europe, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Economic, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Technological change, Open innovation, 9175:Western Europe, 9520:Small business, 1130:Economic theory, Small \& medium sized enterprises-SME, Management theory, 9176:Eastern Europe, Diversification, Small and medium-sized enterprises},
	pages = {891},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jun 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Europe; Economic},
}

@article{ojha_emergence_2014,
	title = {The {Emergence} of an {Organizational} {Field}: {The} {Case} of {Open} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {02560909},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/emergence-organizational-field-case-open-source/docview/1929783648/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/0256090920140211},
	abstract = {Institutional theory offers a very powerful lens to understand and explain societal phenomena. In the context of innovation and technology, this perspective provides insights that complement the understandings derived from a focus on just technology or economics. Adopting this standpoint, this paper examines the emergence of the organizational field of open source software as a response to the norms of propriety software that were unacceptable to many passionate software researchers and programmers. 
The context of software product development has some unique characteristics that separates it from other industries. First, software products are information goods. In general, information goods have very high fixed costs of development and low marginal costs of reproduction which often leads to market inefficiencies. Second, IP protection has the potential to exaggerate the problem of market inefficiencies. Third, software is an input and also an output of the production function and IP protection has the potential to make the cost of software products prohibitively high. Fourth, the Internet has created the potential for the larger society to participate in the production process. These features of the software industry influence the dynamics among software professionals and orgnizations creating a distinctive context which can be better understood through the lens of institutional theory.
According to institution theory, organizations seek to obtain legitimacy, which goes beyond technological or economic performance, by conforming to institutional requirements in a context. There are three forms of legitimacy. Pragmatic legitimacy, based on regulative requirements, is acquired by complying with the legal and regulative rules in the organizational field. Moral legitimacy, based on normative requirements, is obtained by ensuring that the activities of an organization promote societal good or welfare. Finally, cognitive legitimacy is derived from the extent to which the activities of an organization mesh with the taken-for-granted norms in the larger context. While institutions are normally sustained for long, they do experience change. Institutional change is driven by institutional entrepreneurs who create, maintain, and disrupt the practices that are considered legitimate, and challenge the boundaries that demarcate one field from another.
The findings of this study capture the intricate dynamics and interactions among institutional requirements, software professionals and organizations that led to the norms of the institution of propriety software being challenged. It suggests that the process of institutional change can lead to the creation of a new alternate organizational field leaving the original field largely untouched. This paper contributes to the understanding of the software industry and suggests implications for other industries that produce information goods.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Vikalpa},
	author = {Ojha, Abhoy K and Rao, Ravi Anand},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Ahmedabad
Publisher: Sage Publications, New Delhi India},
	keywords = {Open source software, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Open Source Software, Product development, Institutional theory, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, Software industry, Copyleft vs Copyright, Institutional Entrepreneurship, IP Protection, Legitimacy, Organizational field, Organizational Field Boundaries},
	pages = {127--143},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2014 SAGE Publications},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-26},
}

@article{wei_understanding_2014,
	title = {Understanding group maintenance behavior in {Free}/{Libre} {Open}-{Source} {Software} projects: {The} case of {Fire} and {Gaim}},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {03787206},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-group-maintenance-behavior-free/docview/1518988970/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {In this paper, we investigate group maintenance behavior in community-based Free/Libre Open-Source Software (FLOSS) development teams. Adopting a sociolinguistic perspective, we conceptualize group maintenance behavior as interpersonal communication tactics -- specifically, social presence and politeness tactics -- that help maintain relationships among group members. Developer email messages were collected from two FLOSS projects with different development statuses, and their content was analyzed to identify frequently used group maintenance tactics. We then compared the group maintenance tactics used in the two projects, finding differences that reflect changes in the project work practices. Our work theoretically contributes to FLOSS research and has practical implications for FLOSS practitioners. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information \& Management},
	author = {Wei, Kangning and Crowston, Kevin and Li, Na Lina and Heckman, Robert},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Interpersonal communication, Software, Open-source software, Organizational behavior, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software Projects, Computers--Data Base Management, Electronic mail systems, Sociolinguistics},
	pages = {297},
	annote = {CODEN - IMANDC},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Apr 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-22},
}

@article{melchor-ferrer_financial_2014,
	title = {Financial information management for university departments, using open-source software: {SSIS}},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/financial-information-management-university/docview/1510782303/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.12.009},
	abstract = {This paper presents a model to analyse the different outcomes generated by the application of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory to economic and financial information management in university departments. This model extends that proposed by Goodhue (1995), in two ways: (i) a key role is played by the manager in designing the technology and in performing the task in question. Both of these aspects can be modified, depending on the evaluation made of a series of characteristics (or dimensions) inherent to the model. (ii) The free dissemination of the source code of the application not only allows the transfer of knowledge, but also creates virtual communities which, through collaborative work and the exchange of experiences, can achieve a better fit of the technology to the task at hand. This model has been introduced in several departments at the University of Granada (Spain), and evaluated in terms of the results obtained at both individual and group levels. This evaluation was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with departmental managers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Melchor-Ferrer, Elias and Buendía-Carrillo, Dionisio},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Information dissemination, Open-source software, Information, Information sharing, Information management, Virtual community, Finance, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, 9175:Western Europe, 8306:Schools and educational services, Spain, 61131:Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools, Colleges \& universities, 3100:Capital \& debt management, Financial management, Granada Spain},
	pages = {191},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Apr 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Granada Spain; Spain},
}

@article{gamalielsson_sustainability_2014,
	title = {Sustainability of {Open} {Source} software communities beyond a fork: {How} and why has the {LibreOffice} project evolved?},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/sustainability-open-source-software-communities/docview/1494127087/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Many organisations are dependent upon long-term sustainable software systems and associated communities. In this paper we consider long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities in Open Source software projects involving a fork. There is currently a lack of studies in the literature that address how specific Open Source software communities are affected by a fork. We report from a study aiming to investigate the developer community around the LibreOffice project, which is a fork from the OpenOffice.org project. In so doing, our analysis also covers the OpenOffice.org project and the related Apache OpenOffice project. The results strongly suggest a long-term sustainable LibreOffice community and that there are no signs of stagnation in the LibreOffice project 33 months after the fork. Our analysis provides details on developer communities for the LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice projects and specifically concerning how they have evolved from the OpenOffice.org community with respect to project activity, developer commitment, and retention of committers over time. Further, we present results from an analysis of first hand experiences from contributors in the LibreOffice community. Findings from our analysis show that Open Source software communities can outlive Open Source software projects and that LibreOffice is perceived by its community as supportive, diversified, and independent. The study contributes new insights concerning challenges related to long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Björn},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Sustainability, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Software Projects, Computers--Software},
	pages = {128},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Mar 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{quintane_modeling_2014,
	title = {Modeling {Relational} {Events}: {A} {Case} {Study} on an {Open} {Source} {Software} {Project}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {10944281},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/modeling-relational-events-case-study-on-open/docview/1498540246/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Sequences of relational events underlie much empirical research on organizational relations. Yet relational event data are typically aggregated and dichotomized to derive networks that can be analyzed with specialized statistical methods. Transforming sequences of relational events into binary network ties entails two main limitations: the loss of information about the order and number of events that compose each tie and the inability to account for compositional changes in the set of actors and/or recipients. In this article, we introduce a newly developed class of statistical models that enables researchers to exploit the full information contained in sequences of relational events. We propose an extension of the models to cater for sequences of relational events linking different sets of actors. We illustrate the empirical application of relational event models in the context of a free/open source software project with the aim to explain the level of effort produced by contributors to the project. We offer guidance in the interpretation of model parameters by characterizing the social processes underlying organizational problem solving. We discuss the applicability of relational events models in organizational research. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Organizational Research Methods},
	author = {Quintane, Eric and Conaldi, Guido and Tonellato, Marco and Lomi, Alessandro},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Place: Thousand Oaks
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Research methodology, Problem solving, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Statistical methods, Network analysis, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Mathematical models, Software project management, 5400:Research \& development, Statistical model},
	pages = {23},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. Jan 2014},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{peng_dynamic_2013,
	title = {A {Dynamic} {View} of the {Impact} of {Network} {Structure} on {Technology} {Adoption}: {The} {Case} of {OSS} {Development}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dynamic-view-impact-network-structure-on/docview/1469450314/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {We examine how network centrality and closure, two key aspects of network structure, affect technology adoption. In doing so, we consider the content of potential information flows within the network and argue that the impact of network structure on technology adoption can be better understood by separately examining its impact from two groups of alters-current and potential adopters. We contend that increased network centrality and closure among current adopters contribute positively to adoption, whereas the same among potential adopters has exactly the opposite impact. Accordingly, we propose a dynamic view where the fraction of current adopters in the network positively moderates the impact of network centrality and closure. We empirically test the theory by analyzing the adoption of software version control technology by open source software projects. Our results strongly support the theory. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Peng, Gang and Dey, Debabrata},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Decision making, Information technology, Studies, Open-source software, Technology, Technology adoption, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Social networks, Network, Adoption, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Impact analysis, Network management systems, Public domain},
	pages = {1087--1099,1163,1166},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Dec 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; References; Graphs},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
}

@article{august_licensing_2013,
	title = {Licensing and {Competition} for {Services} in {Open} {Source} {Software}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/licensing-competition-services-open-source/docview/1469450247/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software is becoming increasingly prominent, and the economic structure of open-source development is changing. In recent years, firms motivated by revenues from software services markets have become the primary contributors to open-source development. In this paper we study the role of services in open source software development and explore the choice between open source and proprietary software. Specifically, our economic model jointly analyzes the investment and pricing decisions of the originators of software and of subsequent open-source contributors. We find that if a contributor is efficient in software development, the originator should adopt an open-source strategy, allowing the contributor to offer higher total quality and capture the higher end of the market while the originator focuses on providing software services to lower end consumers. Conversely, if the contributor is not efficient in development, the originator should adopt a proprietary software development strategy, gaining revenue from software sales and squeezing the contributor out of the services market. In certain cases an increase in originator development efficiency can result in increased contributor profits. Finally, we find that, somewhat counterintuitively, an increase in contributor development efficiency can reduce overall social welfare. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {August, Terrence and Shin, Hyoduk and Tunca, Tunay I},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information systems, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Product development, License, Competition, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Software quality, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Impact analysis, Licensing, 1130:Economic theory, Economic models},
	pages = {1068--1086,1162,1166--1167},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Dec 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - Equations; Graphs; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
}

@article{li_it_2013,
	title = {It is all about what we have: {A} discriminant analysis of organizations' decision to adopt open source software},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {01679236},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/is-all-about-what-we-have-discriminant-analysis/docview/1466640131/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This research reasons that human capital, that is, knowledge, skills, experience, abilities, and capacities possessed by employees, plays a vital role in the adoption of open source software (OSS) by organizations. Based on the survey responses of 104 OSS-adopting organizations and 111 non-adopting organizations in China, a discriminant analysis of organizations' OSS adoption behaviors was conducted. The current findings support the argument that OSS-adopting organizations can be clearly distinguished from their non-adopting counterparts in terms of their availability of internal OSS human capital, accessibility to external OSS human capital, organizational size, IT department size, and criticality of IT operation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Decision Support Systems},
	author = {Li, Yan and Tan, Chuan-Hoo and Yang, Xue},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, China, Qualitative research, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Organization, Organizational behavior, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 9179:Asia \& the Pacific, Computers--Automation, Discriminant analysis, Human capital, Human Capital, Linear discriminant analysis, Surveys \& questionnaires},
	pages = {56},
	annote = {CODEN - DSSYDK},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China},
}

@article{barron_free_2013,
	title = {Free software production as critical social practice},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {03085147},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-software-production-as-critical-social/docview/2089824849/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1080/03085147.2013.791510},
	abstract = {This paper analyses the phenomenon of free and open source software (FOSS) in the light of Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello's The new spirit of capitalism. It argues that collaborative FOSS production by volunteer software developers is a species of critical social practice in Boltanski and Chiapello's sense: rooted in resistance to capitalist social relations, and yet also a source of values that justify the new routes to profitability associated with contemporary network capitalism. Advanced via collective projects that are sustained by hacker norms and privately legislated 'copyleft' law, the FOSS ethos is apparently antithetical to private property-based accumulation. Yet it can be shown to embody the 'new spirit of capitalism' in its most distilled form; moreover FOSS developers have instituted new forms of property and new modes of profit creation around software that are in the process of being adapted for use in other economic sectors. Meanwhile, the private law constraints on profit-seeking that have emerged from the FOSS movement are counteracting some of the social pathologies that accompany network capitalism only to consolidate others. The paper concludes by identifying likely bases for a renewal of critique given these realities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Economy and Society},
	author = {Barron, Anne},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis LLC},
	keywords = {Open source software, Law, open source, Resistance, Business And Economics, free software, Software, reputational capital, Free software, Property, Capitalism, Economic theory, Free and open-source software, Profitability, Profits, Free, Accumulation, copyleft, Economic sectors, immaterial labour, new spirit of capitalism, Private property, Renewal, Social relations},
	pages = {597--625},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2013 Taylor \& Francis},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{vest_use_2013,
	title = {The use and role of open source software applications in public and not-for-profit hospitals in the {United} {States}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {03616274},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/use-role-open-source-software-applications-public/docview/1435635391/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The potential cost savings and customizability of open source software (OSS) may be particularly attractive for hospitals. However, numerous health-care-specific OSS applications exist, the adoption of OSS health information technology (HIT) applications is not widespread in the US. This disconnect between the availability of promising software and low adoption raises the basic question: If OSS HIT is so advantageous, why are more health care organizations not using it? The authors interviewed the CIO, or equivalent position, at 17 not-for-profit and public hospitals across the US. Interviews described the state of OSS use in hospitals. Specifically, general OSS applications were widely used by IT professionals. In addition, hospitals using OSS HIT still relied heavily on vendor support. In terms of why decisions arose to use OSS HIT, several hospitals using OSS HIT noted the cost advantages. In contrast, hospitals avoiding OSS HIT were clear, OSS as a class did not fit with clinical work and posed too much risk.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Health Care Management Review},
	author = {Vest, Joshua R and Stephens, James H},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Frederick
Publisher: Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins Ovid Technologies},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Hospitals, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, United States--US, 9190:United States, Cost control, Nonprofit organizations, Public, Nonprofit organization, 62211:General Medical and Surgical Hospitals, 8320:Health care industry, Health Facilities And Administration, Hospital, Medical technology},
	pages = {361},
	annote = {CODEN - HCMRD3},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins Oct/Dec 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-25},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{hann_all_2013,
	title = {All {Are} {Not} {Equal}: {An} {Examination} of the {Economic} {Returns} to {Different} {Forms} of {Participation} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/all-are-not-equal-examination-economic-returns/docview/1445136928/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) communities live and die with the continuous contributions of programmers who often participate without direct remuneration. In this paper, the authors draw upon theories of signaling and job matching to hypothesize that participants who possess "proof" of their skills in OSS projects are financially rewarded for their activities in the labor market. Following a cohort of OSS programmers over a six-year period, they empirically examine the wages and OSS performance of participants in three of the foremost OSS projects operating within the Apache Software Foundation. Controlling for individual characteristics and other wage-related factors, their findings reveal that credentials earned through a merit-based ranking system are associated with as much as an 18\% increase in wages. Moreover, they find that participants who have OSS project management responsibilities receive additional financial rewards if their professional job is in IT management.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Hann, Il-Horn and Roberts, Jeffrey A and Slaughter, Sandra A},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Productivity, Open source, Participation, Hypotheses, Software, Open-source software, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Internet, Project management, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, United States--US, 9190:United States, 1130:Economic theory, Employment, Labor economics, Labor market, Workers, Signal, Absenteeism, Employers, Performance, Wage, Wages \& salaries},
	pages = {520--538,879,881},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Sep 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; Equations; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{singh_networks_2013,
	title = {Networks, {Social} {Influence}, and the {Choice} {Among} {Competing} {Innovations}: {Insights} from {Open} {Source} {Software} {Licenses}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/networks-social-influence-choice-among-competing/docview/1445136834/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The authors adapt and extend the heterogeneous diffusion model from sociology and examine the conditions under which prior adopters of competing open source software (OSS) licenses socially influence how a new OSS project chooses among such licenses and how the experiences of the project manager of a new OSS project with particular licenses affects its susceptibility to this social influence. We test our predictions using a sample of 5,307 open source projects hosted at SourceForge. Their results suggest the most important factor determining a new project's license choice is the type of license chosen by existing projects that are socially closer to it in its interproject social network. Moreover, we find that prior adopters of a particular license are more infectious in their influence on the license choice of a new project as their size and performance rankings increase. Finally, they find a project manager is more likely to adopt a particular license type when his or her project occupies a similar social role as other projects that have adopted the same license.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Singh, Param Vir and Phelps, Corey},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software license, Open-source software, Licenses, License, Social influence, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Project management, Social networks, Network, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Technological change, Innovations, United States--US, 9190:United States, Licensing, Employees, 5250:Telecommunications systems \& Internet communications, Employers},
	pages = {539--560,880--881},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Sep 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - Equations; Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{gonzalez-barahona_understanding_2013,
	title = {Understanding {How} {Companies} {Interact} with {Free} {Software} {Communities}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {07407459},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-how-companies-interact-with-free/docview/1433901563/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Free, open source software development communities can become large and complex. They can also be a focus of interest for competing companies relying on their outcomes, with employees joining the development and maintenance effort. In those cases, it's especially important for both companies and communities to understand how this collaboration is working and how it matches their policies and expectations. This articles looks at two cases (OpenStack and WebKit) that the authors studied using analytics techniques. They conclude that such analytics can improve factual knowledge about how development communities are performing in aspects that are of interest to companies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	author = {Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M and Izquierdo-Cortazar, Daniel and Maffulli, Stefano and Robles, Gregorio},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Los Alamitos
Publisher: IEEE Computer Society},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Competition, Free software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Computers--Software, Openstack, Analytics},
	pages = {38},
	annote = {CODEN - IESOEG},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright IEEE Computer Society Sep/Oct 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{alexy_closed_2013,
	title = {From closed to open: {Job} role changes, individual predispositions, and the adoption of commercial open source software development},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/closed-open-job-role-changes-individual/docview/1427465427/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are -- on average -- more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Alexy, Oliver and Henkel, Joachim and Wallin, Martin W},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Advantages, Research design, Research methodology, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Economic, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Software industry, Technological change},
	pages = {1325},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Sep 2013},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economic},
}

@article{suddaby_janus_2013,
	title = {The {Janus} {Face} of {Commercial} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}: {An} {Investigation} into the institutional ({Non})work by {Interacting} {Institutional} {Actors}},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {01708406},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/janus-face-commercial-open-source-software/docview/1647634221/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The Janus Face of Commercial Open Source Software Communities: An Investigation into the Institutional (Non)work by Interacting Institutional Actors, edited by Ann Westenholz, is reviewed.},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Organization Studies},
	author = {Suddaby, Roy},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Berlin
Publisher: Sage Publications Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Advantages, Open source, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Organization theory, Book reviews, Institutional work},
	pages = {1009},
	annote = {CODEN - ORGSDM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Sage Publications Ltd. 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{aversano_quality_2013,
	title = {Quality evaluation of floss projects: {Application} to {ERP} systems},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/quality-evaluation-floss-projects-application-erp/docview/1353192287/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper aims to provide support for selecting the open source software that is most suitable to the specific needs of an enterprise from among the options offering equivalent or overlapping functionality. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the quality and functionality of open source software systems. The name of the framework is EFFORT (Evaluation Framework for Free/Open souRce projecTs). It supports the evaluation of product quality, community trustworthiness and product attractiveness. EFFORT is a useful tool for evaluating and selecting an open source software system. It may significantly reduce the amount of negotiation conducted among an enterprise's members and reduce the time and cost required for gathering and interpreting data. The EFFORT framework also considers the users' opinions by introducing relevance markers associated with the metrics and questions in the data aggregation process.},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Aversano, Lerina and Tortorella, Maria},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Software quality, Enterprise resource planning, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Data Base Management, Software system, 5310:Production planning \& control},
	pages = {1260},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jul 2013},
	annote = {Document feature - Illustrations; Diagrams; Graphs; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{ellul_can_2012,
	title = {Can {Free} (and {Open} {Source}) {Software} and {Data} be {Used} to {Underpin} a {Self}-{Paced} {Tutorial} on {Spatial} {Databases}?},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {13611682},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/can-free-open-source-software-data-be-used/docview/1030793045/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01321.x},
	abstract = {University College London's Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering (CEGE) offers a number of Masters programmes in topics related to Geomatics, including Surveying, Hydrographic Surveying, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Science. Data management, and in particular the technology and applications of Spatial Databases, forms a key part of the curriculum on these courses. Interest in Spatial Databases is, however, more widespread - especially with the increasing understanding of the relevance of geospatial techniques to fields as diverse as anthropology and architecture. This article describes the development and evaluation of a self-paced hands-on course on Databases and Spatial Databases for CEGE students, presented to students to complement and enhance in-class teaching. The article focuses on both pedagogical elements of self-paced learning and the suitability of Free and Open Source Software and Open Data (PostgreSQL/PostGIS, Quantum GIS, Open Street Map) for the Spatial Databases curriculum. The resulting material was evaluated by a cohort of 25 students in 2010, and their feedback (very positive) and the overall results provide an interesting insight into suitable methods to employ when teaching technical subjects to a cohort having differing background skill levels. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Transactions in GIS},
	author = {Ellul, Claire},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Databases, Studies, Anthropology, Social, Geography, Open data, Geographic information systems, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 9190:United States, 8306:Schools and educational services, 61131:Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools, Colleges \& universities, Curricula, Data management, Database, OpenStreetMap, PostGIS, PostgreSQL, QGIS, Remote sensing, Spatial, Surveying},
	pages = {435--454},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-05},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{ghapanchi_impact_2012,
	title = {The impact of project capabilities on project performance: {Case} of open source software projects},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {02637863},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-project-capabilities-on-performance-case/docview/992994279/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) projects are contingent on volunteer developers and voluntary contributions from users, accordingly, traditional performance measures used for software projects, like being on time and budget, and satisfying specifications, may not be relevant for such projects. Although researchers have studied some predictors of OSS project performance, there is a lack of empirical work that studies the impact of project capabilities on the performance of OSS projects. Therefore, this paper studies project capabilities as potential predictors of OSS project performance. The data, gathered from 607 OSS projects over time (in two snap-shots), were consistent with Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT). In other words, the results showed that in order to achieve higher project performance, OSS projects need to have strong capabilities in terms of proactive and efficient defect-removal as well as proactive and efficient functionality-enhancement. The implications of these results for the OSS research community are discussed, followed by recommendations for OSS practitioners. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International Journal of Project Management},
	author = {Ghapanchi, Amir Hossein and Aurum, Aybuke},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open-source software, Project management, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Software Projects, Management theory, Predictor},
	pages = {407},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. May 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Diagrams; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-26},
}

@article{andersen-gott_why_2012,
	title = {Why do commercial companies contribute to open source software?: {SSIS}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/why-do-commercial-companies-contribute-open/docview/926535208/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.10.003},
	abstract = {Many researchers have pointed out that the open source movement is an interesting phenomenon that is difficult to explain with conventional economic theories. However, while there is no shortage on research on individuals' motivation for contributing to open source, few have investigated the commercial companies' motivations for doing the same. A case study was conducted at three different companies from the IT service industry, to investigate three possible drivers: sale of complimentary services, innovation and opensourcing (outsourcing). We offer three conclusions. First, we identified three main drivers for contributing to open source, which are (a) selling complimentary services, (b) building greater innovative capability and (c) cost reduction through opensourcing to an external community. Second, while previous research has documented that the most important driver is selling complimentary services, we found that this picture is too simple. Our evidence points to a broader set of motivations, in the sense that all our cases exhibit combinations of the three drivers. Finally, our findings suggest that there might be a shift in how commercial companies view open source software. The companies interviewed have all expressed a moral obligation to contribute to open source. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Andersen-Gott, Morten and Ghinea, Gheorghita and Bygstad, Bendik},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Outsourcing, Software, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Technological change, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Open, Incentive, High tech industries},
	pages = {106},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Apr 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{shirazi_free_2012,
	title = {Free and {Open} {Source} {Software} versus {Internet} content filtering and censorship: {A} case study},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-open-source-software-versus-internet-content/docview/925777279/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This study critically investigates the main characteristics and features of anti-filtering packages provided by Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). The main objectives of this study are to investigate the role of FOSS packages in combating Internet content filtering and censorship and empowering citizens to effectively participate in communication discourse. By evaluating some of the well known FOSS anti-filtering packages used by Iran's digital community, this study found that despite the success of FOSS in combating filtering and state censorship, the majority of these software packages were not designed to meet the needs of Internet users. In addition, these software packages do not meet the level of sophistication used by authorities to filter the content of the Net. Therefore, this study offers a new model that takes into account not only the existing level of the Internet infrastructure but also the growing number of Internet users demanding more effective FOSS packages for faster access to uncensored information while maintaining anonymity.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Shirazi, Farid},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Censorship, Open source, Software packages, Internet, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Software, Free and open-source software, Systems design, 9178:Middle East, Filtering software, Iran},
	pages = {920},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Apr 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Illustrations; Diagrams; Tables},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Iran},
}

@article{piva_is_2012,
	title = {Is {Open} {Source} {Software} about {Innovation}? {Collaborations} with the {Open} {Source} {Community} and {Innovation} {Performance} of {Software} {Entrepreneurial} {Ventures}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {00472778},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/is-open-source-software-about-innovation/docview/1494034404/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Practitioners generally assert that collaborations with the open source software (OSS) community enable software entrepreneurial ventures to achieve superior innovation performance. Nonetheless, scholars have never tested this assertion. This paper takes a first step toward filling this gap. First, based on the high-tech entrepreneurship literature and the OSS research stream, we illustrate why collaborations with the OSS community should exert a positive effect on entrepreneurial ventures' innovation performance. Then, we provide a rigorous quantitative analysis of the innovation impact of these collaborations. Our econometric estimates indicate that entrepreneurial ventures collaborating with the OSS community exhibit superior innovation performance compared with their noncollaborating peers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Small Business Management},
	author = {Piva, Evila and Rentocchini, Francesco and Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Milwaukee
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Open-source software, Econometrics, Entrepreneurship, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Innovations, Entrepreneurs, 9520:Small business, 1130:Economic theory, Business And Economics--Small Business},
	pages = {340},
	annote = {CODEN - JSBMAU},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Apr 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; Charts; Equations; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{setia_how_2012,
	title = {How {Peripheral} {Developers} {Contribute} to {Open}-{Source} {Software} {Development}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-peripheral-developers-contribute-open-source/docview/963356766/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open-source software development is the next stage in the evolution of product development, particularly software products. Compared with the prevailing proprietary approaches, open-source software products are developed by co-opting external developers and prospective users. Although a core group of developers might still play a key role in the initial design and development, a notable aspect of the open-source software paradigm is the role of peripheral developers in the enhancement and popularization of the product. Peripheral developers are not formal members of the core development team. They voluntarily contribute their time and creative talent in improving the quality of the product or in popularizing the product through word-of-mouth advocacy. As volunteers, they are not subject to the traditional hierarchical controls, nor are they contractually obligated. Peripheral developers represent a novel and unique aspect of open-source software development, and there is a greater interest in tapping their potential. However, there has been limited evidence about how and when their participation has beneficial impacts. We examine how peripheral developers contribute to product quality and diffusion by utilizing longitudinal data on 147 open-source software products. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis indicates that peripheral developers make significant contributions to product quality and diffusion, especially on projects that are in the more mature stages of product development. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Setia, Pankaj and Rajagopalan, Balaji and Sambamurthy, Vallabh and Calantone, Roger},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Product development, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Developer, Proprietary, 7500:Product planning \& development, Impact fees, Product quality, Product life cycle, Multilevel model},
	pages = {144--163,280,283--284},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Mar 2012},
	annote = {Document feature - Diagrams; Equations; Graphs; Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
}

@article{spinellis_organizational_2012,
	title = {Organizational adoption of open source software},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/organizational-adoption-open-source-software/docview/925768243/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Organizations and individuals can use open source software (OSS) for free, they can study its internal workings, and they can even fix it or modify it to make it suit their particular needs. These attributes make OSS an enticing technological choice for a company. Unfortunately, because most enterprises view technology as a proprietary differentiating element of their operation, little is known about the extent of OSS adoption in industry and the key drivers behind adoption decisions. In this article we examine factors and behaviors associated with the adoption of OSS and provide empirical findings through data gathered from the US Fortune-1000 companies. The data come from each company's web browsing and serving activities, gathered by sifting through more than 278 million web server log records and analyzing the results of thousands of network probes. We show that the adoption of OSS in large US companies is significant and is increasing over time through a low-churn transition, advancing from applications to platforms. Its adoption is a pragmatic decision influenced by network effects. It is likelier in larger organizations and those with many less productive employees, and is associated with IT and knowledge-intensive work and operating efficiencies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Spinellis, Diomidis and Giannikas, Vaggelis},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Organizational behavior, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, United States--US, Computers--Software, 9190:United States, Network effect, Big business},
	pages = {666},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Mar 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{crowston_freelibre_2012,
	title = {Free/{Libre} open-source software development: {What} we know and what we do not know},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {03600300},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-libre-open-source-software-development-what/docview/928042139/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {We review the empirical research on Free/Libre and Open-Source Software (FLOSS) development and assess the state of the literature. We develop a framework for organizing the literature based on the input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model from the small groups literature. We present a quantitative summary of articles selected for the review and then discuss findings of this literature categorized into issues pertaining to inputs (e.g., member characteristics, technology use, and project characteristics), processes (software development practices, social processes, and firm involvement practices), emergent states (e.g., social states and task-related states), and outputs (e.g. team performance, FLOSS implementation, and project evolution). Based on this review, we suggest topics for future research, as well as identify methodological and theoretical issues for future inquiry in this area, including issues relating to sampling and the need for more longitudinal studies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
	author = {Crowston, Kevin and Wei, Kangning and Howison, James and Wiggins, Andrea},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Baltimore
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Studies, Open source, Software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Free and open-source software, Input output},
	pages = {1},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Feb 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-17},
}

@article{lakka_exploring_2012,
	title = {Exploring the determinants of the {OSS} market potential: {The} case of the {Apache} web server},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {03085961},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/exploring-determinants-oss-market-potential-case/docview/912939909/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {A theoretical framework is proposed for the better understanding of the OSS global diffusion. Following a case study approach, the Apache Web server's market potential is estimated, forecasted and examined in terms of the socio-economic factors determining its diffusion, across different economic environments in developed versus developing countries. Market saturation is explored under the prism of three theoretical perspectives: the institutional, the endogenous and the exogenous growth theories. Findings suggest that Apache market saturation levels depend on both endogenous and exogenous to a country factors and that institutional quality plays an important role to the market potential. Implications for theory and public policy are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Telecommunications Policy},
	author = {Lakka, Spyridoula and Michalakelis, Christos and Varoutas, Dimitris and Martakos, Draculis},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann},
	keywords = {Open source software, Socioeconomic factors, Telecommunications policy, Studies, Communications, Institutional theory, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Market potential, Organization theory, 7000:Marketing, 1220:Social trends \& culture, Web server, Market saturation},
	pages = {51},
	annote = {CODEN - TEPODJ},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Butterworth-Heinemann Feb 2012},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
	annote = {Name - Apache Software Foundation},
}

@article{comino_dual_2011,
	title = {Dual licensing in open source software markets},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dual-licensing-open-source-software-markets/docview/904040256/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {In this paper we present a theoretical model to study the characteristics and the commercial sustainability of dual licensing, an open source (OS) business strategy that has gained popularity among software vendors. With dual licensing, a firm releases the same software product under both a traditional proprietary license and an open source one. We show that the decision to employ a dual licensing strategy occurs whenever the feedbacks of the open source community are valuable enough compared to the quality of the software that the firm is able to develop in-house. Our analysis points to the central role of an appropriate managing of OS licenses in order to balance the pros and cons of "going open source" and to make this versioning strategy viable for software vendors; our analysis also suggests a possible explanation for the observed proliferation of open source licenses. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3-4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {Comino, Stefano and Manenti, Fabio M},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Licenses, Communications, Software development, Software quality, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Strategic management, Licensing, 2600:Management science/operations research, Decision making models},
	pages = {234},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{garzarelli_open_2011,
	title = {Open {Source} {Software} {Production}, {Spontaneous} {Input}, and {Organizational} {Learning}},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {00029246},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-production-spontaneous-input/docview/900194620/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1536-7150.2011.00798.x},
	abstract = {This work shows that the modular organization of voluntary open source software (OSS) production, whereby programmers supply effort of their accord, capitalizes more on division than on specialization of labor. This is so because voluntary OSS production is characterized by an organizational learning process that dominates the individual one. Organizational learning reveals production choices that would otherwise remain unknown, thereby increasing productivity and indirectly reinforcing incentives to undertake collective problem solving. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {The American Journal of Economics and Sociology},
	author = {Garzarelli, Giampaolo and Fontanella, Riccardo},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Productivity, Business And Economics, Open source, Software, Open-source software, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, 1130:Economic theory, Programmer, Organizational learning, Production, Production functions},
	pages = {928},
	annote = {CODEN - AJESA3},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oct 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{lundell_practitioner_2011,
	title = {Practitioner perceptions of {Open} {Source} software in the embedded systems area},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/practitioner-perceptions-open-source-software/docview/880252572/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {There is a growing body of research to show that, with the advent of so-called professional Open Source, attitudes within many organisations towards adopting Open Source software have changed. However, there have been conflicting reports on the extent to which this is true of the embedded software systems sector -- a large sector in Europe. This paper reports on attitudes towards Open Source software within that sector. Our results show a high level of acceptance of Open Source products with large, well established communities, and not only at the level of the operating system. Control over the software is seen as fundamentally important. Other key perceptions with Open Source are an easing of long-term maintenance problems and ready availability of support. The classical strengths of Open Source, namely mass inspection, ease of conducting trials, longevity and source code access for debugging, were at the forefront of thinking. However, there was an acknowledgement that more guidelines are needed for assessing Open Source software and incorporating it into products. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {9},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Lundell, Björn and Lings, Brian and Syberfeldt, Anna},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Software development, Europe, Embedded system, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Software, Embedded systems, 9175:Western Europe, Software system, Employee attitude},
	pages = {1540},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Sep 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-29},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Europe},
}

@article{gwebu_adoption_2011,
	title = {Adoption of {Open} {Source} {Software}: {The} role of social identification},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {01679236},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/adoption-open-source-software-role-social/docview/855363128/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {While the benefits of incorporating Open Source Software (OSS) into personal and organizational systems have been widely touted, OSS must be adopted and used by end users before these benefits can be realized. Drawing on research in information systems and sociology, this study develops and evaluates an integrated model for the acceptance of OSS. In addition to the traditional technology adoption variables the findings stress the importance of social identification as a key driver of OSS adoption. The proposed model provides a useful decision support tool for assessing and proactively designing interventions targeted at successful OSS adoption and diffusion. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Decision Support Systems},
	author = {Gwebu, Kholekile L and Wang, Jing},
	month = apr,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Sociology, Information systems, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Diffusion, Technology adoption, Models, Adoption, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Automation, 1220:Social trends \& culture, Decision support systems},
	pages = {220},
	annote = {CODEN - DSSYDK},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Apr 2011},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{mehra_firms_2011,
	title = {Firms as {Incubators} of {Open}-{Source} {Software}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {10477047},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/firms-as-incubators-open-source-software/docview/863644706/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Many successful open-source projects have been developed by programmers who were employed by firms but worked on open-source projects on the side because of economic incentives like career improvement benefits. Such side work may be a good thing for the employing firms, too, if they get some strategic value from the open-source software and if the productivity of the programmers on these projects improves through learning-by-doing effects. However, the programmers may work more or less on these projects than what is best for the firms. To manage the programmers' efforts, the firms set appropriate employment policies and incentives. These policies and career concerns then together govern the programmers' effort allocation between the open-source and proprietary projects. We examine this relationship using a variant of the principal/agent model. We derive and characterize optimal employment contracts and show that firms either offer a bonus for only one of the two projects or do not offer any bonuses. However, if attractive alternate employment opportunities are available, they change their strategy and may offer bonuses for both projects simultaneously. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Information Systems Research},
	author = {Mehra, Amit and Dewan, Rajiv and Freimer, Marshall},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Linthicum
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Incentives, Computers--Information Science And Information Theory, Game theory, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Programmers, 2600:Management science/operations research, Employment, Company, Incentive, 6400:Employee benefits \& compensation},
	pages = {22--38,209--210},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Mar 2011},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; Equations; Graphs; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
}

@article{hauge_adoption_2010,
	title = {Adoption of open source software in software-intensive organizations - {A} systematic literature review},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/adoption-open-source-software-intensive/docview/751213257/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) is changing the way organizations develop, acquire, use, and commercialize software. This paper seeks to identify how organizations adopt OSS, classify the literature according to these ways of adopting OSS, and with a focus on software development evaluate the research on adoption of OSS in organizations. Based on the systematic literature review method, the authors reviewed publications from 24 journals and seven conference and workshop proceedings, published between 1998 and 2008. From a population of 24,289 papers, the authors identified 112 papers that provide empirical evidence on how organizations actually adopt OSS. The authors show that adopting OSS involves more than simply using OSS products. The authors moreover provide a classification framework consisting of six distinctly different ways in which organizations adopt OSS. The authors find that existing research on OSS adoption does not sufficiently describe the context of the organizations studied, and it fails to benefit fully from related research fields.},
	language = {English},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Hauge, Øyvind and Ayala, Claudia and Conradi, Reidar},
	month = nov,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Software development, Systematic review, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, Literature reviews},
	pages = {1133},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Nov 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{balka_how_2010,
	title = {How {Open} is {Open} {Source}? - {Software} and {Beyond}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {09631690},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-open-is-source-software-beyond/docview/744454211/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00569.x},
	abstract = {Traditionally the protection of intellectual property is regarded as a precondition for value capture. The rise of open source (OS) software and OS tangible products, so-called open design, has challenged this understanding. Openness is often regarded as a dichotomous variable (open-source vs closed-source) and it is assumed that online developer communities demand full opening of the product's source. In this paper we will explore openness as a gradual and multi-dimensional concept. We carried out an Internet survey (N = 270) among participants of 20 open design communities in the domain of IT hardware and consumer electronics. We find that open design projects pursue complex strategies short of complete openness and that communities value openness of software more highly than openness of hardware. Our findings suggest that open design companies can successfully implement strategies of partial openness to safeguard value capture without alienating their developer community. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Creativity and Innovation Management},
	author = {Balka, Kerstin and Raasch, Christina and Herstatt, Cornelius},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Intellectual property, Consumer electronics, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Value chain, Open, Value capture, Designers, Openness},
	pages = {248--256},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{conley_private_2010,
	title = {Private {Benefits}, {Warm} {Glow}, and {Reputation} in the {Free} and {Open} {Source} {Software} {Production} {Model}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {10973923},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/private-benefits-warm-glow-reputation-free-open/docview/603693666/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9779.2009.01469.x},
	abstract = {A great deal of production and consumption behavior takes place in the context of social organizations that seem to fall outside of the traditional paradigm of profit/utility maximization. These organizations are voluntary in nature and rely on contributions from members to achieve their objectives. Examples include the Linux operating system and other FOSS projects, political movements, churches and religious groups, Habitat for Humanity, and similar charitable organizations. In this paper, we consider a world containing agents with heterogeneous abilities who may voluntarily choose to make effort contributions to one or more different public projects. Agents are motivated by a desire to be seen as significant contributors to important and valuable projects, the warm glow from the act of contributing, and a desire to directly enjoy the benefits of projects when complete. We find that contributions from others can be either strategic complements or substitutes. We show that Nash equilibria exist and study how agents' abilities and project quality affect the equilibrium levels of contributions. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Public Economic Theory},
	author = {CONLEY, JOHN P and KUNG, FAN-CHIN},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Linux, Game theory, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 1130:Economic theory, Economic theory, 2600:Management science/operations research, Business And Economics--Economic Systems And Theories, Economic History, Reputation, Consumption, Nash equilibrium, Political movements},
	pages = {665--689},
	annote = {Copyright - © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-24},
}

@article{casalo_relationship_2010,
	title = {Relationship quality, community promotion and brand loyalty in virtual communities: {Evidence} from free software communities: {SSIS}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {02684012},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/relationship-quality-community-promotion-brand/docview/499065882/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.01.004},
	abstract = {The Internet has favored the growth of collaborative platforms where marketers and consumers interact to develop more engaging products and services. These platforms are usually centered in a specific brand/product and their members are linked by a shared admiration to that brand. This paper analyzes one of the most powerful online collaborative platforms, the free software (FS) case, which involves a lot of virtual communities developed around products such as Linux or Android, the new Google's mobile operating system. Our purpose is to determine some of the main antecedents and consequences of the consumer involvement in this type of communities. Results have shown that satisfaction with a virtual community may increase the level of consumer participation in that community. At the same time, a greater identification with the virtual community may increase indirectly the consumer participation thanks to the enhancement of his/her satisfaction with the community. We have also found positive and significant effects of consumer identification and participation on the level of community promotion. Finally, positive and significant effects of consumer participation and satisfaction with the community on loyalty to the FS were also found. These findings allow us to conclude some interesting managerial implications. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
	author = {Casaló, Luis V and Flavián, Carlos and Guinalíu, Miguel},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Kidlington
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Studies, Collaboration, Virtual communities, Operating systems, Brand loyalty, Virtual community, Internet, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, 7100:Market research, Customer satisfaction},
	pages = {357},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Aug 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{huysmans_using_2010,
	title = {Using the {DEMO} methodology for modeling open source software development processes},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/using-demo-methodology-modeling-open-source/docview/196420145/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software development (OSSD) process modeling has received increasing interest in recent years. These efforts aim to identify common elements in the development process between multiple open source software projects. In this paper, the authors propose that the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) may provide an interesting alternative to develop OSSD process models. DEMO exhibits two unique features within the context of OSSD process modeling. First, DEMO analyzes processes at the ontological level and provides high-level process descriptions, instead of focusing on the implementation level. Second, DEMO studies the communication patterns between human actors, instead of the sequences in which activities are performed. The authors investigate the feasibility of using DEMO to construct OSSD process models by means of a case study. Their results showed that their DEMO models exhibited a high level of abstraction, thereby reducing the complexity of the OSSD process models. The authors have shown that the DEMO methodology can be successfully used to model OSSD processes and to obtain abstract and high-quality OSSD process models.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Huysmans, Philip and Ven, Kris and Verelst, Jan},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Software, Models, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Software Projects, Computers--Data Base Management, Ontology, Demo, Process modeling},
	pages = {656},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{nash_directions_2010,
	title = {Directions for open source software over the next decade},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {00163287},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/directions-open-source-software-over-next-decade/docview/89196407/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software lets users study, modify and redistribute the source code. It has shown a surprisingly robust level of activity and importance in the computing world despite extreme dominance of Microsoft operating and office software in the workstation marketplace and the strength of commercial players in the server and industrial sectors. Possible evolutionary drivers are presented for open source software for the next decade, looking at the nature as well as level of use, with preliminary discussion of how the open source approach might be applied to other idea-based technologies, including foresight methods. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Futures},
	author = {Nash, John C},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Technology adoption, Software development, Software evolution, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Technology: Comprehensive Works, Open, 5250:Telecommunications systems \& Internet communications, Forecasting, Future},
	pages = {427},
	annote = {CODEN - FUTUBD},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. May 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-25},
}

@article{toral_analysis_2010,
	title = {Analysis of virtual communities supporting {OSS} projects using social network analysis},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/analysis-virtual-communities-supporting-oss/docview/196425017/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper analyses the behaviour of virtual communities for Open Source Software (OSS) projects. The development of OSS projects relies on virtual communities, which are built on relationships among members, being their final objective sharing knowledge and improving the underlying project. This study addresses the interactive collaboration in these kinds of communities applying social network analysis (SNA). In particular, SNA techniques will be used to identify those members playing a middle-man role among other community members. Results will illustrate the importance of this role to achieve successful virtual communities. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Toral, SL and Martínez-Torres, MR and Barrero, F},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Social network analysis, Community, Studies, Collaboration, Virtual communities, Open-source software, Information sharing, Virtual community, Social networks, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, Social network},
	pages = {296},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Mar 2010},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{stam_when_2009,
	title = {When does community participation enhance the performance of open source software companies?},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/when-does-community-participation-enhance/docview/223242314/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This study examined how participation in open innovation communities influences the innovative and financial performance of firms commercializing open source software. Using an original dataset of open source companies in the Netherlands, I found that the community participation-performance relationship is curvilinear. In addition, results indicate that extensive technical participation in open source projects is more strongly related to performance for firms that also engage in social ("offline") community activities, for companies of larger size, and for firms with high R\&D intensities. Overall, this research refines our understanding of the boundary conditions under which engagement in community-based innovation yields private returns to commercial actors. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Stam, Wouter},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Studies, Open source, Participation, Software, Open-source software, Social, Financial performance, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Software industry, Innovations, Open innovation, 9175:Western Europe, Boundary conditions, Commercialization, Company, Performance, Citizen participation, Community involvement, Community Participation, Netherlands},
	pages = {1288},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Oct 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Netherlands; Social},
}

@article{ke_motivations_2009,
	title = {Motivations in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Communities}: {The} {Mediating} {Role} of {Effort} {Intensity} and {Goal} {Commitment}: {IJEC}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {10864415},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/motivations-open-source-software-communities/docview/217687240/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {As a community-based innovation, the open source software (OSS) development phenomenon has received great attention from researchers and practitioners. Understanding the factors that affect the involvement and contributions of participants in OSS projects is of significance to facilitate project success. This paper investigates the effects of motivation on participant performance in OSS projects, drawing upon self-determination theory to examine how task effort (i. e., effort intensity and goal commitment) mediates the relationships between a spectrum of motivations and individual performance. The research model is supported by survey data from 204 participants in OSS projects. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International Journal of Electronic Commerce},
	author = {Ke, Weiling and Zhang, Ping},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Models, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Project Success, Business And Economics--Computer Applications, Correlation analysis, Self-determination theory},
	pages = {39},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright M. E. Sharpe Inc. Summer 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-21},
}

@article{jullien_firms_2009,
	title = {Firms' contribution to open-source software and the dominant user's skill},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {17404754},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/firms-contribution-open-source-software-dominant/docview/216644818/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1057/emr.2009.8},
	abstract = {Free, libre or open-source software (FLOSS) is nowadays produced not only by individual benevolent developers but, in a growing proportion, by firms that hire programmers for their own objectives of development in open source or for contributing to open-source projects in the context of dedicated communities. A recent literature has focused on the question of the business models explaining how and why firms may draw benefits from such involvement and their connected activities. They can be considered as the building blocks of a new modus operandi of an industry, built on an alternative approach to intellectual property management. Its prospects will depend on both the firms' willingness to rally and its ability to compete with the traditional proprietary approach. As a matter of fact, firms' involvement in FLOSS, while growing, remains very contrasted, depending on the nature of the products and the characteristics of the markets. This paper asks why for-profit firms contribute to FLOSS development and why some firms contribute more than others. The common explanation is that FLOSS is often a complement to proprietary software (or hardware or services) that the for-profit firm sells at a positive price. We present an alternative explanation based on the users' skill level. When users are skilled, opening the software is likely to result in a better product because the user base will contribute improvements (find bugs, write fixes and produce new features). We introduce the concept of the dominant user's skill and set up a theoretical model to better understand how it may condition the nature and outcome of the competition between a FLOSS firm and a proprietary firm. We discuss these results in the light of stylized facts drawn from recent trends in the software industry. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {European Management Review},
	author = {Jullien, Nicolas and Zimmermann, Jean-benoît},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Linux, Competition, Intellectual property, Business models, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Innovations, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 2310:Planning, Skills},
	pages = {130--139},
	annote = {Copyright - © Palgrave Macmillan 2009},
	annote = {Document feature - Tables; Equations},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{stallman_why_2009,
	title = {Why "{Open} {Source}" {Misses} the {Point} of {Free} {Software}},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/why-open-source-misses-point-free-software/docview/237063687/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software. But most of these users have never heard of the ethical reasons for which developers developed this system and built the free software community, because today this system and community are more often described as "open source," and attributed to a different philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned. Nearly all open source software is free software; the two terms describe almost the same category of software. But they stand for views based on fundamentally different values. Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement. As the advocates of open source draw new users into the community, free software activists must work even more to bring the issue of freedom to those new users attention.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Stallman, Richard},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Open source, Software, Free software, Freedom, 5240:Software \& systems, Freeware, United States--US, 9190:United States, Open, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems, Definitions, Differences},
	pages = {31},
	annote = {CODEN - CACMA2},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Jun 2009},
	annote = {Document feature - References; Illustrations},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-20},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{lee_measuring_2009,
	title = {Measuring open source software success},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {03050483},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/measuring-open-source-software-success/docview/236459662/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Since the mid-1990s, there has been a surge of interest among academics and practitioners in open source software (OSS). While there is an abundance of literature on OSS, most studies on OSS success are either qualitative or exploratory in nature. To identify the factors that influence OSS success and establish generalizability, an empirical study measuring OSS success would enable OSS developers and users to improve OSS usage. In this study, we develop an OSS success model from a previous Information Systems success model incorporating the characteristics of OSS. Using the proposed model, we identify five determinants for OSS success as well as a number of significant relationships among these determinants. Our findings demonstrate that software quality and community service quality have significant effects on user satisfaction. Software quality and user satisfaction, in turn, have significant effects on OSS use. Additionally, OSS use and user satisfaction have significant effects on individual net benefits. This research contributes towards advancing theoretical understanding of OSS success as well as offering OSS practitioners for enhancing OSS success. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Omega},
	author = {Lee, Sang-Yong Tom and Kim, Hee-Woong and Gupta, Sumeet},
	month = apr,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Oxford
Publisher: Pergamon Press Inc.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Information systems, Studies, Business And Economics--Management, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Success, Models, Software quality, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Open, User satisfaction},
	pages = {426},
	annote = {CODEN - OMEGA6},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. Apr 2009},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-21},
}

@article{au_virtual_2009,
	title = {Virtual organizational learning in open source software development projects},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {03787206},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/virtual-organizational-learning-open-source/docview/237021597/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {We studied virtual organizational learning in open source software (OSS) development projects. Specifically, our research focused on learning effects of OSS projects and the factors that affect the learning process. The number and percentage of resolved bugs and bug resolution time of 118 SourceForge.net OSS projects were used to measure the learning effects. Projects were characterized by project type, number and experience of developers, number of bugs, and bug resolution time. Our results provided evidence of virtual organizational learning in OSS development projects and support for several factors as determinants of performance. Team size was a significant predictor, with mid-sized project teams functioning best. Teams of three to seven developers exhibited the highest efficiency over time and teams of eight to 15 produced the lowest mean time for bug resolution. Increasing the percentage of bugs assigned to specific developers or boosting developer participation in other OSS projects also improved performance. Furthermore, project type introduced variability in project team performance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Information \& Management},
	author = {Au, Yoris A and Carpenter, Darrell and Chen, Xiaogang and Clark, Jan G},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Teams, Project management, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, Organizational learning, Self directed work teams},
	pages = {9},
	annote = {CODEN - IMANDC},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jan 2009},
	annote = {Document feature - Equations; Graphs; Tables; References},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{david_community-based_2008,
	title = {Community-based production of open-source software: {What} do we know about the developers who participate?},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/community-based-production-open-source-software/docview/199295685/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper seeks to close an empirical gap regarding the motivations, personal attributes and behavioral patterns among free/libre and open-source (FLOSS) developers, especially those involved in community-based production, and considers the bearing of its findings on the existing literature and the future directions for research. Respondents to an extensive web-survey's (FLOSS-US 2003) questions about their reasons for beginning to work FLOSS are classified according to their distinct "motivational profiles" by hierarchical cluster analysis. Over half of them also are matched to projects of known membership sizes, revealing that although some members from each of the clusters are present in the small, medium and large ranges of the distribution of project sizes, the mixing fractions for the large and the very small project ranges are statistically different. Among developers who changed projects, there is a discernable flow from the bottom toward the very small towards to large projects, some of which is motivated by individuals seeking to improve their programming skills. It is found that the profile of early motivation, along with other individual attributes, significantly affects individual developers' selections of projects from different regions of the size range. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {David, Paul A and Shapiro, Joseph S},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Communications, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Systems development, Developer, Programmers, Cluster analysis, Behavioral pattern},
	pages = {364},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{mateos-garcia_institutions_2008,
	title = {The institutions of open source software: {Examining} the {Debian} community},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {01676245},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/institutions-open-source-software-examining/docview/199269869/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.001},
	abstract = {Free and open source software activities involve and, perhaps, evolve institutions (rules, norms and standards) that influence the formation, growth, and demise of communities. Community institutions are attractors for some individuals while discouraging other individuals from entering or continuing to participate. Their suitability may change as a community grows. This paper examines the institutions of the Debian community where issues of community identity, distribution of authority, and decentralisation have facilitated growth and development. These same institutions have also resulted in conflicts regarding community purposes and the quality and delivery of the community's output. We examine the institutional redesign undertaken to address these problems and derive implications for F/LOS communities and companies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	author = {Mateos-Garcia, Juan and Steinmueller, W Edward},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Institution, Community, Conflict, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Coordination, Communications, Operating systems, Decentralization, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Distribution},
	pages = {333},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Dec 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{ven_challenges_2008,
	title = {Challenges and strategies in the use of {Open} {Source} {Software} by {Independent} {Software} {Vendors}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/challenges-strategies-use-open-source-software/docview/196423072/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) has already been adopted by a large number of organizations. An important - but sometimes neglected - group of OSS users are Independent Software Vendors (ISVs). lSVs often develop their applications on top of OSS platform software. Frequently, this requires making several extensions and modifications to these OSS components. We identify a number of challenges that ISVs face in handling these extensions and modifications. Next, we describe several strategies ISVs can follow in maintaining these modifications. Finally, we suggest an opportunity for a closer collaboration between OSS projects and ISVs which could be mutually beneficial. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {9/10},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Ven, Kris and Mannaert, Herwig},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Alliances, Studies, Collaboration, Open source, Software engineering, Open-source software, Software development, Software maintenance, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Computers--Data Base Management},
	pages = {991},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Aug 2008},
	annote = {Last updated - 2023-11-25},
}

@article{crowston_self-organization_2007,
	title = {Self-organization of teams for free/libre open source software development},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {09505849},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/self-organization-teams-free-libre-open-source/docview/196418137/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper provides empirical evidence about how free/libre open source software development teams self-organize their work, specifically, how tasks are assigned to project team members. Following a case study methodology, we examined developer interaction data from three active and successful FLOSS projects using qualitative research methods, specifically inductive content analysis, to identify the task-assignment mechanisms used by the participants. We found that 'self-assignment' was the most common mechanism across three FLOSS projects. This mechanism is consistent with expectations for distributed and largely volunteer teams. We conclude by discussing whether these emergent practices can be usefully transferred to mainstream practice and indicating directions for future research. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	author = {Crowston, Kevin and Li, Qing and {Kangning Wei} and Eseryel, U Yeliz and Howison, James},
	month = jun,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Qualitative research, Open source, Software, Self-organization, Project management, Software development, Content analysis, 5240:Software \& systems, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, Systems development, Computers--Data Base Management, Project team},
	pages = {564},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2007},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{osterloh_open_2007,
	title = {Open source software development {Just} another case of collective invention?},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-development-just-another/docview/223243850/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? "Collective invention" regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Osterloh, Margit and Rota, Sandra},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Studies, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Licenses, Patents, Social, Legislation, Software development, 9130:Experiment/theoretical treatment, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Innovations, Patent},
	pages = {157},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Mar 2007},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social},
}

@article{bitzer_intrinsic_2007,
	title = {Intrinsic motivation in open source software development},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {01475967},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/intrinsic-motivation-open-source-software/docview/210921970/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2006.10.001},
	abstract = {This papers sheds light on the puzzling fact that even though open source software (OSS) is a public good, it is developed for free by highly qualified, young, motivated individuals, and evolves at a rapid pace. We show that when OSS development is understood as the private provision of a public good, these features emerge quite naturally. We adapt a dynamic private-provision-of-public-goods model to reflect key aspects of the OSS phenomenon, such as play value or homo ludens payoff, user-programmers' and gift culture benefits. Such intrinsic motives feature extensively in the wider OSS literature and contribute new insights to the economic analysis. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
	author = {Bitzer, Jürgen and Schrettl, Wolfram and {Philipp J.H. Schröder}},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Place: San Diego
Publisher: Elsevier BV},
	keywords = {Open source software, Motivation, Business And Economics, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Software development, Public domain, Research \& development--R\&D, Research \& development, Economic theory, Public good},
	pages = {160--169},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{stewart_impact_2006,
	title = {The {Impact} of {Ideology} on {Effectiveness} in {Open} {Source} {Software} {Development} {Teams}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {02767783},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-ideology-on-effectiveness-open-source/docview/218143561/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in the OSS team. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and communication quality and encourage identification with the project team, which enhances effective trust. Trust and communication in turn impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers to kinds of effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that OSS team ideology impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {MIS Quarterly},
	author = {Stewart, Katherine J and Gosain, Sanjay},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Minneapolis
Publisher: University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center},
	keywords = {Open source software, Computers, Communication, Studies, Open source, Hypotheses, Software engineering, Open-source software, Teams, Teamwork, Hypothesis testing, Trust, Software development, Organizational behavior, Impact analysis, Public domain, 2500:Organizational behavior, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Team, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Corporate culture, Effectiveness, Ideology},
	pages = {291--314},
	annote = {CODEN - MISQDP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright University of Minnesota, MIS Research Center Jun 2006},
	annote = {Document feature - charts; tables; references},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{qi_knowledge_2006,
	title = {Knowledge management in {OSS} - an enterprise information system for the telecommunications industry},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {10927026},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/knowledge-management-oss-enterprise-information/docview/196896292/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Knowledge management in Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) has become one of the hottest research topics in the last few years. Operations Support Systems (OSS) is one kind of EIS, which is becoming increasingly popular in the telecommunications industry. However, the academic research on knowledge management in OSS is sparse. In this paper, a knowledge management system for OSS is proposed in the framework of systems theory. Knowledge, knowledge management, organization and information technology are the four main interactive elements in the knowledge management system. The paper proposes that each subsystem of the OSS is to be equipped with knowledge management capacity, and the knowledge management of the OSS is to be realized through its subsystems. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Systems Research and Behavioral Science},
	author = {Qi, Jiayin and {Li Da Xu} and {Huaying Shu} and Li, Huaizu},
	month = apr,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Place: Chichester
Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Inc.},
	keywords = {Information systems, Studies, Knowledge management, Enterprise resource planning, 5240:Software \& systems, 2500:Organizational behavior, 51711:Wired and Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite), Engineering, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 8330:Broadcasting \& telecommunications industry, Telecommunications industry, Enterprise, Operation support systems, System theory, Information system, Enterprise information system, Systems theory},
	pages = {177--190},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Wiley Periodicals Inc. Mar/Apr 2006},
	annote = {Document feature - references},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
}

@article{dahlander_who_2005,
	title = {Who is not developing open source software? non-users, users, and developers},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {10438599},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/who-is-not-developing-open-source-software-non/docview/219943686/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The development of knowledge requires investment, which may be made in terms of financial resources or time. Open source software (OSS) has challenged much of the traditional reasoning by suggesting that individuals behave altruistically and contribute to a public good, despite the opportunity to free-ride. The lion's share of the existing literature on OSS examines communities, that is, those individuals whom are already part of the OSS community. In contrast, this paper starts from users with the requisite skill to use and develop OSS. This group of skilled individuals could potentially invest into the development of OSS knowledge, but they may or may not do so in actuality. This paper, therefore, explores three issues, which have not been extensively explored in the literature, namely, (1) how frequently a group of skilled people use OSS, (2) reasons for differences among users and non-users in terms of use and attitudes, and (3) how frequently, and why, some users contribute to OSS projects (and thereby become developers). In doing so, we consider the opportunity costs of use and development of OSS, which has been largely neglected in the literature. We find that the individuals have a rather pragmatic attitude to firms and that many are active in both firms and OSS community, which raises many questions for future research about the role and influence of firms on the development and diffusion of OSS. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Economics of Innovation and New Technology},
	author = {Dahlander, Linus and Mckelvey, Maureen},
	month = oct,
	year = {2005},
	note = {Place: Abingdon
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Knowledge, Software development, Public domain, Developer, Technology: Comprehensive Works, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 1130:Economic theory, Economic theory, 5200:Communications \& information management, Investment, Opportunity costs},
	pages = {617--635},
	annote = {CODEN - EINTEO},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Taylor \& Francis Group Oct 2005},
	annote = {Document feature - references},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-01},
}

@article{choi_role_2005,
	title = {The role of social conventions in the diffusion of open source software: {Implications} for service industries},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {02642069},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/role-social-conventions-diffusion-open-source/docview/203342016/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {In information and service products such as open source software, increasing returns occur on the production or supply side, as well as network externalities on the demand side. For open source software, the social community element needs to be integrated with the framework of increasing returns. This paper attempts to show that social conventions, and social herding behaviour are fundamental to the growth of the open source software. Such social conventions legitimise value and provide identification in the global online community and have important implications for service industries in general. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {The Service Industries Journal},
	author = {Choi, Chong Ju and Kim, Jai-beom and Eldomiaty, Tarek},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	note = {Place: London
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Social research, Open source, Online community, Open-source software, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Network effect, 1220:Social trends \& culture, Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations, 8300:Service industries not elsewhere classified, Service industries},
	pages = {789--801},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Frank Cass \& Co. Ltd Sep 2005},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
}

@article{dahlander_relationships_2005,
	title = {Relationships between open source software companies and communities: {Observations} from {Nordic} firms},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/relationships-between-open-source-software/docview/223243810/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {Dahlander, Linus and Magnusson, Mats G},
	month = may,
	year = {2005},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Community, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, Cooperation, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Software industry, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 9175:Western Europe, Professional relationships, Scandinavia},
	pages = {481--493},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. May 2005},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scandinavia},
}

@article{krishnamurthy_managerial_2003,
	title = {A managerial overview of open source software},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {00076813},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/managerial-overview-open-source-software/docview/195352914/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Open source software programs such as Linux and Apache give any interested party access to the source code, leading to a distributed innovation model in which users actively participate in the product's development. Often free, OSS products are distributed under many public licenses, are more reliable, and provide greater flexibility and choice. On the other hand, OSS leads to a proliferation of versions, and may appeal only to high-end users. The system leads to fascinating competitive and cooperative relationships among companies, between a company and a community, and among communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Business Horizons},
	author = {Krishnamurthy, Sandeep},
	month = oct,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: Greenwich
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Advantages, Business And Economics, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Software development, Software quality, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, United States--US, Open innovation, 9190:United States, Open, Selection, Disadvantages},
	pages = {47--56},
	annote = {CODEN - BHORAD},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Sep/Oct 2003},
	annote = {Document feature - references; tables; graphs; charts},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-19},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{georg_von_krogh_community_2003,
	title = {Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: {A} case study},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {00487333},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/community-joining-specialization-open-source/docview/223245683/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {This paper develops in inductive theory of the open source software (OSS) innovation process by focussing on the creation of Freenet, a project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer electronic file sharing network. We are particularly interested in the strategies and processes by which new people join the existing community of software developers, and how they initially contribute code. Analyzing data from multiple sources on the Freenet software development process, we generate the constructs of joining script specialization, contribution barriers, and feature gifts, and propose relationships among these. Implications for theory and research are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	author = {{Georg von Krogh} and Spaeth, Sebastian and Lakhani, Karim R},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Innovation, Community, Studies, Open source, Open-source software, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, Economic, Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Systems development, Innovations, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, Peer to peer computing, File sharing, Member, Specialization},
	pages = {1217--1241},
	annote = {CODEN - REPYBP},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jul 2003},
	annote = {Document feature - diagrams; charts; graphs},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-10-04},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economic},
}

@article{fuggetta_open_2003,
	title = {Open source software - {An} evaluation},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {01641212},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/open-source-software-evaluation/docview/229626225/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {The success of Linux and Apache has strengthened the opinion that the open source paradigm is one of the most promising strategies to enhance the maturity, quality, and efficiency of software development activities. This observation, however, has not been discussed in much detail and critically addressed by the software engineering community. Most of the claims associated with open source appear to be weakly motivated and articulated. For this reason, this paper proposes some qualitative reflections and observations on the nature of open source software and on the most popular and important claims associated with the open source approach. The ultimate goal of the paper is to identify the concepts and intuitions that are really peculiar to open source, and to distinguish them from features and aspects that can be equally applied to or found in proprietary software. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Systems and Software},
	author = {Fuggetta, Alfonso},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Studies, Open source, Software engineering, Software, Open-source software, Product development, Software development, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, Computers--Software, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 7500:Product planning \& development, Open},
	pages = {77--90},
	annote = {CODEN - JSSODM},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Apr 15, 2003},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-02},
}

@article{james_free_2003,
	title = {Free software and the digital divide: {Opportunities} and constraints for developing countries},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {01655515},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-software-digital-divide-opportunities/docview/224652541/se-2?accountid=12861},
	doi = {10.1177/016555103762202041},
	abstract = {The focus of this paper is mainly on the GNU/LINUX operating system and the advantages that it affords developing countries seeking to bridge the global digital divide. In the early parts of the paper it is argued that, although GNU/LINUX can generate substantial savings when used instead of the proprietary alternative in numerous institutional settings, the most telling opportunities for developing countries arise when this system is combined with other ways of reducing computing costs. Policy, therefore, should not only consist of substituting GNU/LINUX for proprietary software in running the latest and most expensive hardware, but also of lowering these latter costs themselves. Later sections focus on the link between the choice of software and path-dependency. It is suggested that the problem of proprietary lock-in in developing countries has been greatly accentuated by piracy of Microsoft operating systems and that the result is a stagnation of the technological capabilities in software that these countries need so badly.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Information Science},
	author = {James, Jeffrey},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Bowker-Saur Ltd.},
	keywords = {Studies, Library And Information Sciences, Linux, Operating systems, Free software, 5240:Software \& systems, Freeware, 9130:Experimental/theoretical, 9180:International, International, Cost control, Developing countries--LDCs, Developing country, Internet access, Digital divide, Digital, LDCs},
	pages = {25--33},
	annote = {CODEN - JISCDI},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Bowker-Saur Ltd. 2003},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-06},
}

@article{schultz_microsoft_2002,
	title = {Microsoft takes stand against open source software},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {01674048},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/microsoft-takes-stand-against-open-source/docview/207421621/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {Microsoft allegedly claims that the government is putting its confidential data at risk by using open source software because of the alleged higher number of security flaws. Irritated by the Pentagon's funneling of funds into open source development to make freeware more secure, Microsoft has also complained that the US government is subsidizing its competitors and violating the company's intellectual rights. This is comical - Microsoft has a reputation for shipping software with a plethora of security vulnerabilities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Computers \& Security},
	author = {Schultz, Eugene},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Place: Amsterdam
Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A.},
	keywords = {Open source software, Privacy, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Security, Microsoft, Public domain, 51321:Software Publishers, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Software industry, United States--US, Computers--Electronic Data Processing, 9190:United States, Government agencies, 9550:Public sector, 5140:Security management, 9000:Short article, Network security},
	pages = {481},
	annote = {CODEN - CPSEDU},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. 2002},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-12-03},
	annote = {Name - Department of Defense; Microsoft Corp},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}

@article{ousterhout_free_1999,
	title = {Free software needs profit},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {00010782},
	url = {http://turing.library.northwestern.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/free-software-needs-profit/docview/237044683/se-2?accountid=12861},
	abstract = {On its own, open-source software lacks essential ingredients for mainstream adoption.  Commercial businesses tied to open-source packages provide these ingredients and help drive open-source packages into the mainstream.  At the same time, they provide additional resources for developing the free components of the software.  The most successful open-source packages fill a much broader need that goes beyond the core community of sophisticated programmers.  The most important property of open-source software is that it fosters the development of new technologies.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM},
	author = {Ousterhout, John},
	month = apr,
	year = {1999},
	note = {Place: New York
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {Open source software, Open source, Software, Open-source software, Software packages, Linux, Competition, Free software, Software development, 5240:Software \& systems, Public domain, 8302:Software \& computer services industry, Proprietary, United States--US, Programmers, Competitive advantage, Profitability, Free, 9190:US, Computers--Data Communications And Data Transmission Systems},
	pages = {44--45},
	annote = {CODEN - CACMA2},
	annote = {Copyright - Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Apr 1999},
	annote = {Last updated - 2024-11-29},
	annote = {SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US},
}